---
license: apache-2.0
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: audio-classification
---

# DeEAR: Decoding the Ear: A Framework for Objectifying Expressiveness from Human Preference Through Efficient Alignment

This repository contains the DeEAR model as presented in the paper [Decoding the Ear: A Framework for Objectifying Expressiveness from Human Preference Through Efficient Alignment](https://huggingface.co/papers/2510.20513).

Project Page: [https://freedomintelligence.github.io/ExpressiveSpeech/](https://freedomintelligence.github.io/ExpressiveSpeech/)
Code Repository: [https://github.com/FreedomIntelligence/ExpressiveSpeech](https://github.com/FreedomIntelligence/ExpressiveSpeech)
Hugging Face Dataset: [FreedomIntelligence/ExpressiveSpeech](https://huggingface.co/datasets/FreedomIntelligence/ExpressiveSpeech)

<div align="center">
  <img src="https://github.com/FreedomIntelligence/ExpressiveSpeech/raw/main/assets/Architecture.png" alt="DeEAR Framework Diagram" width="45%"/>
  <br>
  <em>Figure 1: The DeEAR Framework. (A) The training pipeline involves four stages: decomposition, sub-dimension modeling, learning a fusion function, and distillation. (B) Applications include data filtering and serving as a reward model.</em>
</p>

## Introduction

Recent speech-to-speech (S2S) models can generate intelligible speech but often lack natural expressiveness, largely due to the absence of a reliable evaluation metric. To address this, we present **DeEAR (Decoding the Expressive Preference of eAR)**, a novel framework that converts human preferences for speech expressiveness into an objective score.

Grounded in phonetics and psychology, DeEAR evaluates speech across three core dimensions: **Emotion**, **Prosody**, and **Spontaneity**. It achieves strong alignment with human perception (Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient, SRCC = 0.86) using fewer than 500 annotated samples.

Beyond reliable scoring, DeEAR enables fair benchmarking and targeted data curation. We applied DeEAR to build **ExpressiveSpeech**, a high-quality dataset, and used it to fine-tune an S2S model, which improved its overall expressiveness score from 2.0 to 23.4 (on a 100-point scale).

## Key Features

*   **Multi-dimensional Objective Scoring**: Decomposes speech expressiveness into quantifiable dimensions of Emotion, Prosody, and Spontaneity.
*   **Strong Alignment with Human Perception**: Achieves a Spearman's Rank Correlation (SRCC) of **0.86** with human ratings for overall expressiveness.
*   **Data-Efficient and Scalable**: Requires minimal annotated data, making it practical for deployment and scaling.
*   **Dual Applications**:
    1.  **Automated Model Benchmarking**: Ranks SOTA models with near-perfect correlation (SRCC = **0.96**) to human rankings.
    2.  **Evaluation-Driven Data Curation**: Efficiently filters and curates high-quality, expressive speech datasets.
*   **Release of ExpressiveSpeech Dataset**: A new large-scale, bilingual (English-Chinese) dataset containing ~14,000 utterances of highly expressive speech.

## Quick Start (Inference)

To get started with DeEAR, follow these steps to perform inference:

1.  **Clone the Repository**
    ```bash
    git clone https://github.com/FreedomIntelligence/ExpressiveSpeech.git
    cd ExpressiveSpeech
    ```

2.  **Setup Environment**
    ```bash
    conda create -n DeEAR python=3.10
    conda activate DeEAR
    pip install -r requirements.txt
    conda install -c conda-forge ffmpeg
    ```

3.  **Prepare Model**
    Download the DeEAR_Base model from [FreedomIntelligence/DeEAR_Base](https://huggingface.co/FreedomIntelligence/DeEAR_Base) and place it in the `./models/DeEAR_Base/` directory.

4.  **Run Inference**
    ```bash
    python inference.py \
        --model_dir ./models \
        --input_path /path/to/audio_folder \
        --output_file /path/to/save/my_scores.jsonl \
        --batch_size 64
    ```

## Citation
If you use our work in your research, please cite the following paper:
```bibtex
@article{lin2025decoding,
  title={Decoding the Ear: A Framework for Objectifying Expressiveness from Human Preference Through Efficient Alignment},
  author={Lin, Zhiyu and Yang, Jingwen and Zhao, Jiale and Liu, Meng and Li, Sunzhu and Wang, Benyou},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.20513},
  year={2025}
}
```