codex: an unbound manuscript of some ancient classic (as distinguished from a scroll)
entity: that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving)
dicotyledones: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae