brisling: small herring processed like a sardine
entity: that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own distinct existence (living or nonliving)
julian calendar: the solar calendar introduced in Rome in 46 b.c. by Julius Caesar and slightly modified by Augustus, establishing the 12-month year of 365 days with each 4th year having 366 days and the months having 31 or 30 days except for February