consonant: a speech sound that is not a vowel
phone: (phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language
fourth lateran council: the Lateran Council in 1215 was the most important council of the Middle Ages; issued a creed against Albigensianism, published reformatory decrees, promulgated the doctrine of transubstantiation, and clarified church doctrine on the Trinity and Incarnation