contrarian: an investor who deliberately decides to go against the prevailing wisdom of other investors
investor: someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns
ijtihad: the endeavor of a Moslem scholar to derive a rule of divine law from the Koran and Hadith without relying on the views of other scholars; by the end of the 10th century theologians decided that debate on such matters would be closed and Muslim theology and law were frozen