['hypogonadism', 'metabolic syndrome x', 'obesity']
['anakinra', 'sodium chloride 0.9%']

        Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Informed consent as documented by signature,

          2. Men at the age between 18 and 75 years,

          3. BMI >30 kg/m2 and at least 1 manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (i.e.
             prediabetes, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia),

          4. Total testosterone level <12 nmol/l.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Previous or current medication with testosterone,

          2. Testosterone deficiency of other cause, i.e. primary hypogonadism caused e.g. by
             Klinefelters syndrome, cryptorchidism, condition following orchiectomy. Known
             secondary hypogonadism caused by pituitary adenoma. Patients on antiandrogen
             medication,

          3. Clinical signs of infection in the week before inclusion or history of a severe
             infection during the last 2 months,

          4. Severe immunosuppression (e.g. patients with previously known infection with human
             immunodeficiency virus and a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count below 350 x
             109/L, patients on immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation and
             neutropenic patients with neutrophil count < 500 x 109/L and patients under
             chemotherapy with neutrophils 500-1000 x 109/L with an expected decrease to values <
             500 x 109/L),

          5. Hematologic disease (leukocyte count < 1.5 x 109/l, hemoglobin < 11 g/dl, platelets
             <100 x 103/µl),

          6. Other clinically significant concomitant disease states (e.g., renal failure
             [Creatinine-Clearance < 30 ml/min], hepatic dysfunction [transaminases >3x upper
             normal range], active carcinoma,

          7. History of tuberculosis,

          8. Known or suspected non-compliance, drug or alcohol abuse,

          9. Contraindications to the class of drugs under study, e.g. known hypersensitivity or
             allergy to anakinra/Kineret®,

         10. Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems,
             psychological disorders, dementia, etc. of the participant,

         11. Previous enrolment into the current study.
      