['acute pain']
['bupivacaine', 'tramadol']

        Inclusion Criteria:

        lower abdominal operation

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Any systemic disease that might compromise the immune system severe coagulation disorder
        true allergy to local anesthetics patients with major malformations of the lower spine or
        meninges any cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion at the site of injection unplanned
        reoperation, or reoperation within three months Diabetes Melliutes
      