['type 2 diabetes']
['yh1 group', 'placebo group']

        Inclusion Criteria:

          1. 20-75 years of age;

          2. Diagnosed as type 2 diabetics based on World Health Organization criteria [1];

          3. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23 kg/m2;

          4. Have been treated with ≥ 3 kinds of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) with persistent (>
             6 months) high HbA1c (≥ 7.0 %).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, or other specific types of diabetes;

          2. Have received insulin therapy in the past three months;

          3. Have serious gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases, such as peptic ulcers or GI tract
             bleeding;

          4. Experience stressful situations, including diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic
             hyperosmolar diabetic coma, severe infection, or surgery in the previous one month;

          5. Suffer from hepatic insufficiency with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 2 times the
             upper limit of normal or renal insufficiency with estimated glomerular filtration rate
             (eGFR) < 60;

          6. Uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 160/100 mmHg);

          7. Mental illness, abused or addicted to alcohol, psychoactive substances or other drugs;

          8. Pregnant, lactating, or plan to become pregnant;

          9. Hemoglobin disease or chronic anemia;

         10. Have underlying conditions that could lead to poor compliance;

         11. History of cerebrovascular disease or myocardial infarction;

         12. Have undergone Chinese medicine treatment in the past two weeks.
      