['intraoperative bleeding']
['tranexamic acid', 'tranexamic acid', 'adrenalin']

        Inclusion Criteria:

          1. being candidate for ear exploration surgery.

          2. ASA I-II

          3. Willing to participate in the study

          4. Hb level > 10 mg/dl.

          5. normal coagulation profile (INR and PTT )

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Patient refusal

          2. allergy toTXA

          3. Bleeding disorder

          4. psychiatric illness

          5. acute and chronic renal failure

          6. using heparin during 48 hr before surgery

          7. pregnancy

          8. cirrhosis

          9. colour blindness

         10. cardiac stent
      