
    low accrual
  
['urothelial carcinoma']
['atezolizumab', 'radium-223']

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subjects must have a histologic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma with radiologic,
             histologic or cytologic evidence of metastatic disease.

          -  Subjects must have at least 1 bone metastasis of any size on imaging.

          -  ECOG performance status of 0- 2 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance
             Status: an attempt to quantify cancer patients' general well-being and activities of
             daily life. The score ranges from 0 to 5 where 0 is asymptomatic and 5 is death.)

          -  Subjects must have progression of disease within 12 months of platinum-containing
             chemotherapy (chemotherapy could have been given in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant or
             metastatic settings) for urothelial cancer.

          -  Adequate organ and marrow function Subjects must have measurable disease on physical
             exam or imaging per RECIST 1.1 criteria.

          -  Recovery to baseline or < Grade 1 CTCAE v.4.03 from toxicities related to any prior
             treatments, unless AE(s) are clinically non-significant and/or stable on supportive
             therapy

          -  Patients must be ≥ 2 weeks from most recent systemic therapy or radiation therapy.

          -  Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 28
             days prior to registration.

          -  Female subjects of childbearing potential and their male partners, and male subjects
             must be willing to use a highly effective method of contraception from the time
             consent is signed until 6 months after treatment discontinuation.

        Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent

          -  Age ≥ 18 years

          -  Life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks

          -  Able to comply with study protocol, in the investigator's judgment

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Prior treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 is NOT allowed. Prior
             intravesical BCG therapy is allowed.

          -  Treatment with any investigational agent or on an interventional clinical trial within
             30 days prior to treatment on protocol

          -  No prior or concurrent malignancy is allowed except for: adequately treated basal cell
             or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, localized or locally advanced
             prostate cancer definitively treated without recurrence or with biochemical recurrence
             only, or any other cancer fully treated or from which the subject has been
             disease-free for at least 2 years.

          -  Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus.
             Note: Vitiligo, mild psoriasis (topical therapy only) or hypothyroidism are allowed.

          -  Need for systemic corticosteroids > 10 mg prednisone daily or equivalent alternative
             steroid (except physiologic dose for adrenal replacement therapy) or other
             immunosuppressive agents (such as cyclosporine or methotrexate). Use of topical and
             inhaled corticosteroids is permitted.

          -  Any history of allografts

          -  General Medical Exclusions

          -  Evidence of significant uncontrolled concomitant disease that could affect compliance
             with the protocol or interpretation of results, including significant liver disease
             (such as cirrhosis, uncontrolled major seizure disorder, or superior vena cava
             syndrome)

          -  Significant cardiovascular disease, such as New York Heart Association cardiac disease
             (Class II or greater), myocardial infarction within 3 months prior to enrollment,
             unstable arrhythmias, or unstable angina. Patients with known left ventricular
             ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% will be excluded.

          -  Severe infection within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, including but
             not limited to, hospitalization for complications of infection, bacteremia, or severe
             pneumonia

          -  Treatment with therapeutic oral or IV antibiotics within 14 days prior to initiation
             of study treatment. Patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (e.g. for prevention
             of a urinary tract infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are eligible

          -  Major surgical procedure within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment of
             anticipation of need for a major surgical procedure during the course of the study
             other than for diagnosis

          -  History of severe allergic, anaphylactic or other hypersensitivity reactions to
             chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins

          -  Known hypersensitivity or allergy to biopharmaceuticals produced in Chinese hamster
             ovary cells or any component of the atezolizumab formulation

          -  History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (including pneumonitis), drug-induced
             pneumonitis, organizing pneumonia (i.e. bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic
             organizing pneumonia), or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed
             tomography (CT) scan. History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field
             (fibrosis) is permitted

          -  Positive test for HIV

          -  Active hepatitis B (defined as having a positive hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]
             test at screening) or hepatitis C.

          -  Active tuberculosis

          -  Administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to initiation of
             study treatment with atezolizumab or anticipation that such a live, attenuated vaccine
             will be required during the study.

          -  Bone marrow dysplasia
      