set: 10,230 ft. ) is a high mountain pass that connects Chitral with Dir in the North West Frontier Province , Pakistan .

set: 10,230 ft. ) is a high mountain pass that connects Chitral with Dir in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan .


set: Lifespan for spiny mice is 4 to 7 years .


set: In the pet trade , they are commonly called Egyptian spiny mice or , more simply , spiny mice .

set: In the pet trade , they are most commonly referred to as Egyptian spiny mice or , more simply , spiny mice .


set: Pups are weaned around 5 to 6 weeks and reach sexual maturity at about 6 to 9 weeks .

set: Babies are weaned around 5 to 6 weeks and reach sexual maturity at about 6 to 9 weeks .


set: Their coats have unusually stiff guard hairs that work the same way as the spines of a hedgehog . These stiff hairs are why they are called the spiny mouse .

set: However , their coats are endowed with unusually stiff guard hairs that function similarly to the spines of a hedgehog ; this trait is the source of the common name , spiny mouse .


set: The spiny mouse should never be picked up by its tail and should be handled with care to avoid a degloving injury .

set: Therefore , the spiny mouse should never be picked up by its tail and should be handled with care to avoid a degloving injury .


set: As spiny mice are prone to obesity ( getting too fat ) , it is important to provide a big space and a complex environment to encourage exercise .

set: As spiny mice are prone to obesity , it is important to provide ample space and environmental enrichment to encourage exercise .


set: Though these animals are like pet mice and rats , the tail of a spiny mouse is much more delicate .

set: Though these animals are similar to pet mice and rats , the tail of a spiny mouse is much more delicate .


set: Pups are born with their eyes open and covered in fur . They will begin to leave the nesting area at about 3 days of age .

set: Pups are born with their eyes open ; they will begin to leave the nesting area at about 3 days of age .


set: Even though they look like members of the genus Mus , scientists thhink that the African spiny mice may be more closely related to gerbils than to common mice .

set: Despite their similarity to members of the genus Mus , scientists suspect that the African spiny mice may be more closely related to gerbils than to common mice .


set: African spiny mice originated in the deserts of Africa . They are often kept as exotic pets in other parts of the world , particularly Western nations such as the United States .

set: Though African spiny mice originated in the deserts of Africa , they are frequently kept as exotic pets in other parts of the world , particularly Western nations such as the United States .


set: Litters are normally 2 to 3 pups , but females may have up to 6 pups in a single litter .

set: Litters normally consist of 2 to 3 pups , but females may have up to 6 pups in a single litter .


set: Other females within the social group may help in the birthing process and look after the pups .

set: Other females within the social group may assist in the birthing process and tend to the newborns .


set: A female can become pregnant at any time in the year and may have up to 12 litters in a year .

set: A female can conceive throughout the year and may produce up to 12 litters in a year .


set: jpg thumb ( width in number of pixels ) px right Spiny mouse at the Leipzig Zoo ) ) The term spiny mouse refers to any species of rodent within the genus Acomys .


set: They look like mice of the genus Mus . Spiny mice are small mammals with bare , scaled tails .

set: Similar in appearance to mice of the genus Mus , spiny mice are small mammals with bare , scaled tails .


set: The caper ( Capparis spinosa ) , is a perennial winter-deciduous species that bears rounded , fleshy leaves and big white to pinkish-white flowers .

set: Capparis spinosa , the caper bush , is a perennial winter-deciduous species that bears rounded , fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers .


set: Caper bush is present in almost all the countries and is included in the floristic composition of most of them but whether it is indigenous to this region is uncertain .

set: Caper bush is present in almost all the circum-Mediterranean countries and is included in the floristic composition of most of them but whether it is indigenous to this region is uncertain .


set: Ken Dryden is a retired NHL goaltender . Born in Hamilton , Ontario , on August 8 , 1947 , Dryden was originally drafted by the Boston Bruins in 1964 .

set: Kenneth Wayne `` Ken '' Dryden , PC , MP ( born August 8 , 1947 ) is a Canadian politician , lawyer , businessman , author , and former NHL goaltender .


set: Ken Dryden is a retired NHL goaltender .

set: Dryden was born in Hamilton , Ontario , the son of Murray and Margaret Dryden and brother of Dave Dryden , also an NHL goaltender .


set: Very often , there is one such home directory per user . Some users , which were created by the system and usually do not log in , do not have such a home directory .

set: Single-user operating systems simply have a single directory or partitions for all users files , there is no individual directory setup per user ( though users can still setup and maintain directories inside this main working directory manually ) .


set: Very often , there is one such home directory per user .

set: A Home directory is a file system directory on a multi-user operating system containing files for a given user of the system .


set: In the US , 14 % of adults are at the `` below basic '' level for prose literacy ; 12 % are at the `` below basic '' level for document literacy ; and 22 % are at that level for quantitative literacy .

set: In the US , 14 % of the adult population is at the `` below basic '' level for prose literacy ; 12 % are at the `` below basic '' level for document literacy ; and 22 % are at that level for quantitative literacy .


set: They can interpret a table about blood pressure , age , and physical activity . They can also compute and compare the cost per ounce of food items .

set: Only 13 % of the population is proficient in these three areasâ '' able to compare viewpoints in two editorials ; interpret a table about blood pressure , age , and physical activity ; or compute and compare the cost per ounce of food items .


set: Business magazine estimates that 15 million functionally illiterate adults had a job in the United States at the start of the 21st century .

set: In the United States , according to Business magazine , an estimated 15 million functionally illiterate adults held jobs at the beginning of the 21st century .


set: That way , a person who is functionally illiterate may be able to write their name , but it is very difficult for them to write more than a few sentences .

set: Purely illiterate persons can not read or write in any capacity , for all practical purposes . In contrast , functionally illiterate persons can read and possibly write simple sentences with a limited vocabulary , but can not read or write well enough to deal with the everyday requirements of life in their own society .


set: There are four levels for each parameter : below basic , basic , intermediate , and proficient .

set: Each parameter has four levels : below basic , basic , intermediate , and proficient .


set: The UK government 's Department for Education reported in 2006 that 47 percent of school children left school at age 16 without having achieved a basic level in functional maths , and 42 percent fail to achieve a basic level of functional English .

set: The UK government 's Department for Education reported in 2006 that 47 percent of school children left school at age 16 without having achieved a basic level in functional mathematics , and 42 percent fail to achieve a basic level of functional English .


set: This report sees three parameters : prose , document , and quantitative literacy .

set: Literacy is broken down into three parameters : prose , document , and quantitative literacy .


set: The American Council of Life Insurers reported that 75 % of the Fortune 500 companies provide some level of training to help their workers overcome this situation .

set: The American Council of Life Insurers reported that 75 % of the Fortune 500 companies provide some level of remedial training for their workers .


set: All over the U.S 30 million - 14 % of adults - are unable to perform simple and everyday literacy activities .

set: All over the U.S.A. 30 million ( 14 % of adults ) are unable to perform simple and everyday literacy activities .


set: For prose literacy , for example , a below basic level of literacy means that a person can look at a short piece of text to get a small piece of uncomplicated information . Similarly , a person who is `` below basic '' in quantitative literacy might be able to add two numbers .

set: For prose literacy , for example , a below basic level of literacy means that a person can look at a short piece of text to get a small piece of uncomplicated information , while a person who is below basic in quantitative literacy would be able to do simple addition .


set: Incheon 's Free Economic Zone , the first in Korea , was officially designated by the Korean government in August 2003 and it is planing to 2020 .

set: Incheon 's Free Economic Zone , the first in Korea , was officially designated by the Korean government in August 2003 .


set: Incheon ( officially , Incheon Metropolitan City ) is a major port city in South Korea and famous for Incheon International Airport .

set: Incheon has established itself as the true hub of Northeast Asia with the world renowned Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port .


set: In 1949 , after Korea ` s 1945 liberation , Incheon City reorganized and Incheon City finally renamed to Incheon Metropolitan City in 1995 .

set: Incheon Metropolitan City is located in northwestern Korea .


set: There are ten administrative districts in Incheon and it is divided into 8 wards ( `` gu '' ) and 2 counties ( `` gun '' ) .

set: Incheon is divided into 8 wards ( `` gu '' ) and 2 counties ( `` gun '' ) .


set: To become an international economic hub and a center of business and service industry of Asia , Incheon is developing free economic zone in the three regions of Songdo , Cheongra , and the island of Yeongjong .

set: The Incheon Free Economic Zone consists of the three regions of Songdo , Cheongra , and the island of Yeongjong , and has a total area of 51739 a. The goal of IFEZ is to transform these three areas into hubs for logistics , international business , leisure , and tourism for the Northeast Asian region .


set: Incheon Subway and Seoul Metropolitan Subway is linked ( line number 1 ) and it takes approximately an hour from Incheon subway station to Seoul Station .

set: The Incheon Subway has a single subway line serving the city .


set: The only major parts of the cathedral built later were the Cloisters , Chapter House , tower and spire ( 1320 ) , which at 404 feet ( 123 metres ) dominates the skyline .

set: The only major sections of the cathedral built later were the Cloisters , Chapter house , tower and spire , which at 404 feet ( 123 metres ) dominated the skyline from 1320 .


set: The cathedral also has the largest cloister and the largest cathedral precinct ( ` close ' ) in Britain ( 80 acres ) .

set: The cathedral also has the largest cloister and the largest cathedral close in Britain ( 80 acres ) .


set: Without the later addition of buttresses , bracing arches and iron ties , it would have fallen down , as spires on other great buildings have done . Instead , Salisbury is said to be the tallest surviving pre-1400 spire in the world .

set: Without the addition of buttresses , bracing arches and iron ties over the succeeding centuries , it would have suffered the fate of spires on later great ecclesiastical buildings ( such as Malmesbury Abbey ) and fallen down ; instead , Salisbury remains the tallest church spire in the UK .


set: To this day the large supporting pillars at the corners of the spire are bent inwards under the stress .

set: To this day the large supporting pillars at the corners of the spire are seen to bend inwards under the stress .


set: Visitors can take the ` Tower Tour ' where the interior of the hollow spire , with its ancient wood scaffolding , can be seen .

set: Visitors can take the `` Tower Tour '' where the interior of the hollow spire , with its ancient wood scaffolding , can be viewed .


set: The chapter house displays the best-preserved of the four surviving original copies of Magna Carta .

set: The chapter house also displays the best-preserved of the four surviving original copies of Magna Carta .


set: This copy came to Salisbury because Elias of Dereham was present at the meeting with King John at Runnymede in 1215 . He was given the task of distributing some of the original copies .

set: This copy came to Salisbury because Elias of Dereham , who was present at Runnymede in 1215 , was given the task of distributing some of the original copies .


set: Salisbury Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in Salisbury , Wiltshire , England .

set: Salisbury Cathedral , formally known as the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary , is an Anglican cathedral in Salisbury , England , considered one of the leading examples of Early English architecture .


set: The main body was completed in only 38 years , starting in 1220 .

set: The main body was completed in only 38 years , from 1220 to 1258 .


set: The Cathedral contains the world 's oldest working clock ( from AD 1386 ) . It also has one of the four surviving original copies of the Magna Carta ( all four original copies are in England ) .

set: The Cathedral contains the world 's oldest working clock ( from AD 1386 ) and has the best surviving of the four original copies of Magna Carta ( all four original copies are in England ) .


set: The frieze circles the interior , just above the stalls . It shows scenes and stories from the books of Genesis and Exodus .

set: The frieze circles the interior , just above the stalls , and depicts scenes and stories from the books of Genesis and Exodus , including Adam and Eve , Noah , the Tower of Babel , and Abraham , Isaac and Jacob .


set: Due to the high water level in the new location , the cathedral was built on only four feet of foundation . By 1258 the nave , transepts and quire ( choir ) were complete .

set: Due to the high water table in the new location , the cathedral was built on only four feet of foundations , and by 1258 the nave , transepts and choir were complete .


set: It the seat of the Bishop of Salisbury , the Rt .

set: It is the Mother Church of the Diocese of Salisbury , and seat of the Bishop of Salisbury , the Rt .


set: Because the cathedral was built in only 38 years , Salisbury Cathedral has a single consistent architectural style , English Gothic architecture .

set: Because the cathedral was built in only 38 years , Salisbury Cathedral has a single consistent architectural style , Early English Gothic .


set: Marko Rehmer ( born 29 April , 1972 ) is a former German football player .

set: Marko Rehmer ( born 29 April 1972 in East Berlin ) is a retired German footballer , who played mainly as a central defender .


set: Their name , dolphin , comes from the Ancient Greek Î Î Î '' Ï Î Ï ( delphis ) meaning `` with a womb '' , because it was first thought to be a fish with a womb .

set: The animal 's name can therefore be interpreted as meaning `` a ` fish ' with a womb '' . The name was transmitted via the Latin delphinus ( the romanization of the later Greek Î Î Î '' Ï á -- Î 1\/2 Î Ï - delphinos ) , which in Middle Latin became dolfinus and in Old French daulphin , which reintroduced the ph into the word .


set: A dolphin 's nose is on top of its head so the dolphin can easily breathe on the surface of the water .

set: Organizations such as the Mote Marine Laboratory rescue and rehabilitate sick , wounded , stranded or orphaned dolphins , while others , such as the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society and Hong Kong Dolphin Conservation Society , work on dolphin conservation and welfare . India has declared the Dolphin as their national aquatic animal in an attempt to protect the endangered Ganges River Dolphin .


set: The name `` dolphin '' is used for oceanic dolphins and river dolphins , but oceanic dolphins and river dolphins are not directly related .

set: A group of dolphins is called a `` school '' or a `` pod '' . Male dolphins are called `` bulls '' , females `` cows '' and young dolphins are called `` calves '' .


set: A dolphin 's nose is on top of its head so the dolphin can easily breathe on the surface of the water . A dolphin 's hearing is better than their sight .

set: Some dolphin species face an uncertain future , especially some river dolphin species such as the Amazon river dolphin , and the Ganges and Yangtze river dolphin , which are critically or seriously endangered .


set: Charleston is the capital city of West Virginia , a state of the United States of America . It is located where the Elk and Kanawha Rivers join in Kanawha County .

set: The Elk River flows into the Kanawha River in downtown Charleston .


set: Charleston is the capital city of West Virginia , a state of the United States of America .

set: Charleston is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of West Virginia .


set: It is located where the Elk and Kanawha Rivers join in Kanawha County .

set: It is located at the confluence of the Elk and Kanawha Rivers in Kanawha County .


set: He is credited with inventing the genre of fÃ tes galantes : scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm , along with an air of theatricality .

set: He is credited with inventing the genre of fÃ tes galantes : scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm , suffused with an air of theatricality .


set: Jean-Antoine Watteau ( October 10 , 1684 â `` July 18 , 1721 ) was a French painter whose brief career spurred the revival of interest in color and movement ( in the tradition of Correggio and Rubens ) , and brought back the almost forgotten Baroque idiom , which , in time became known as Rococo .

set: Jean-Antoine Watteau ( ; October 10 , 1684 â `` July 18 , 1721 ) was a French painter whose brief career spurred the revival of interest in color and movement ( in the tradition of Correggio and Rubens ) , and revitalized the waning Baroque idiom , which eventually became known as Rococo .


set: Okapis eat mostly leaves and buds from trees , but also grass , ferns , fruit , and fungi .

set: Okapis are herbivores , eating tree leaves and buds , grass , ferns , fruit , and fungi .


set: The International Society for Cryptozoology uses the Okapi as its symbol , because the Okapi was unknown for a long time .

set: The okapi was adopted as an emblem by the now defunct International Society of Cryptozoology .


set: In 1988 he became first violinist of the Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra which was conducted by Ton Koopman .

set: In 1988 he became first violin of the Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra under the direction of Ton Koopman .


set: Andrew Manze ( pronounce : `` MAN-zee '' ) , ( born Beckenham , 14 January 1965 ) is an English violinist and conductor who is famous for performing music from the Baroque period .

set: Andrew Manze ( born 14 January 1965 , Beckenham ) is an English baroque violinist and conductor .


set: He lives in Sweden where he is Principal Conductor of the Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra and Principal Guest Conductor of the Norwegian Radio Orchestra .

set: In 2006 , Manze became the chief conductor of the Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra . In 2008 he was appointed First guest conductor of The Norwegian Radio Orchestra in Oslo .


set: He is also Associate Conductor of the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra .

set: In 2009 it was announced that Manze would become Associate Guest Conductor of the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra beginning in the 2010 season , for an initial contract of three years .


set: While studying Classics at Cambridge University he started to play the Baroque violin . Then he studied with Simon Standage at the Royal Academy of Music , and then he learned with Lucy van Dael at The Hague and with Marie Leonhardt .

set: Having first started playing the baroque violin while studying Classics at Cambridge University , he went on to study with Simon Standage , one of the founding members of The English Concert , at the Royal Academy of Music , followed by further studies with Lucy van Dael at The Hague and Marie Leonhardt .


set: Some snakes have a venomous bite , which they use to kill their prey before eating it .


set: The snake keeps on rubbing its skin on various rough objects until the skin peels off from its head .

set: The old skin breaks near the mouth and the snake wriggles out , aided by rubbing against rough surfaces . In many cases , the cast skin peels backward over the body from head to tail in one piece , like pulling a sock off inside-out .


set: Oppy , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: Oppy is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


set: DamiÃ Abella ( born 15 April 1982 ) is a Spanish football player .

set: DamiÃ Abella PÃ rez ( born 15 April 1982 in Olot , Girona , Catalonia ) , simply DamiÃ , is a Spanish footballer who plays for CA Osasuna in La Liga .


set: Curtis Davies is an English footballer . He was born on March 15 , 1985 .

set: Curtis Eugene Davies ( born 15 March 1985 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a central defender .


set: However , it was divided into two books by the translators of the Septuagint ( the Greek translation of the Old Testament ) , and so it was written as 1 and 2 Kings by the Latin translation and many other versions .

set: The division of this work into two books was introduced by the translators of the Septuagint ( the Greek translation of the Old Testament ) , and was subsequently followed in the Latin Vulgate and most modern translations .


set: 1 and 2 Kings , like 1 and 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Books of Chronicles ) are actually one book .

set: The division between 1 and 2 Kings has been made shortly after the deaths of Ahab of the northern kingdom and Jehoshaphat of the southern kingdom . Placing the division at this point causes the account of the reign of Ahaziah of Israel to overlap the end of 1 Kings ( 22:51 â `` 53 ) and the beginning of 2 Kings ( chapter 1 ) .


set: 1 and 2 Kings , like 1 and 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Books of Chronicles ) are actually one book . It was simply called `` Kings . ''

set: 1 and 2 Kings ( like 1 and 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Chronicles ) are actually one literary work ; in Hebrew tradition they are simply `` Kings '' .


set: It is now spoken very little , and is in danger of becoming extinct .

set: It is in great danger of becoming extinct .


set: The Arapaho language ( also Arapahoe ) is a Plains Algonquian language ( an areal rather than genetic grouping ) spoken by elders in Wyoming .

set: The Arapaho language or hinono ` eitiit ( also `` Arapahoe Language '' and hiinonoei ` tiit ) is a Plains Algonquian language ( an areal rather than genetic grouping ) spoken almost entirely by elders in Wyoming , and to a much lesser extent in Oklahoma .


set: Saint-Cibard is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

set: Saint-Cibard is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


set: Windows on the World was an complex of venues at the top floors ( 106th and 107th ) of the North Tower of the World Trade Center and it included Windows on the World , a smaller restaurant which was called Wild Blue , and a bar which was called The Greatest Bar on Earth .

set: Windows on the World was a complex of venues at the top floors ( 106th and 107th ) of the North Tower of the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan that included a restaurant , Windows on the World , a smaller restaurant called Wild Blue , and a bar called The Greatest Bar on Earth , as well as rooms for private functions .


set: Jessie Flower ( born August 18 , 1994 in Indiana ) is an American voice actress .

set: Jessie Flower ( born August 18 , 1994 ) is an American voice actress .


set: She is most well known as the voice of Toph in the animated television series Avatar : The Last Airbender .

set: She is most well known as the voice of Toph Bei Fong in the animated television series Avatar : The Last Airbender .


set: Also there are non islamic versions of Sufism too ( Universal Sufism ) .

set: For these and other reasons , the relationship between traditional Islamic scholars and Sufism is complex and a range of scholarly opinion on Sufism in Islam has been the norm .


set: Espiet is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .


set: Cadmium compounds are chemical compounds that have cadmium ions in them .

set: For chemical compounds containing cadmium .


set: Counting is something people do to find out how many things there are of any kind .

set: Another different form of counting to this is `` counting the '' ; for example , `` counting the '' number of pieces of fruit in a fruit bowl . In this form , the `` the '' refers to some things that are already `` given '' in some sense .


set: Counting can also be in the form of finger counting , especially when counting small numbers .


set: About 186 m long , it is formed by the Glen Canyon Dam , built in Glen Canyon in the 1960s .

set: Lake Powell was created by the flooding of Glen Canyon by the controversial Glen Canyon Dam , which also led to the creation of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area , a popular summer destination .


set: Other than the Colorado River , the Escalante River and San Juan River also flow into the reservoir .

set: A map centered at the confluence of the Escalante River with the Colorado River gives a good view of the extent of the lake .


set: Lake Powell is a reservoir on the Colorado River . It is mainly in southeastern Utah with a small portion in northeastern Arizona in the United States .

set: Lake Powell is a reservoir on the Colorado River , straddling the border between Utah and Arizona ( most of it , along with Rainbow Bridge , is in Utah ) .


set: Daniel Alves ( born 6 May 1983 ) is a Brazilian football player .

set: Daniel Alves da Silva ( born 6 May 1983 in Juazeiro ) , commonly known as Dani Alves , is a Brazilian footballer .


set: In keeping with Wahhabi beliefs ( the Saudi type of Islam ) , bin Laden opposed music on religious grounds , p167 and his attitude towards technology was mixed .

set: In keeping with Wahhabi beliefs , bin Laden opposes music on religious grounds , and his attitude towards technology is mixed .


set: He was interested in `` earth-moving machinery and genetic engineering of plants '' on the one hand , but rejected `` chilled water '' on the other .

set: He is interested in `` earth-moving machinery and genetic engineering of plants '' on the one hand , but rejects `` chilled water '' on the other .


set: Shia Muslims have been listed along with `` Heretics , ... America and Israel , '' as the four principal `` enemies of Islam '' at the ideology classes of bin Laden 's Al-Qaeda organization .

set: Shia Muslims have been listed along with `` Heretics , ... America and Israel , '' as the four principal `` enemies of Islam '' at ideology classes of bin Laden 's Al-Qaeda organization .


set: The FBI and Fox News use Usama bin Laden . Often the name is abbreviated to UBL .

set: Most American government agencies , including the FBI and CIA , use either `` Usama bin Laden '' or `` Usama bin Ladin '' , both of which are often abbreviated to UBL .


set: His viewpoints and methods of achieving them led to him been designated as a terrorist by scholars , journalists from the New York Times , the British Broadcasting Corporation , Qatari news station Al Jazeera , analysts such as Peter Bergen , Michael Scheuer , Marc Sageman , and Bruce Hoffman and he was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in Madrid , New York City , and Tripoli .

set: His viewpoints and methods of achieving them have led to him been designated as a `` terrorist '' by scholars , journalists from the New York Times , the BBC , and Qatari news station Al Jazeera , analysts such as Peter Bergen , Michael Scheuer , Marc Sageman , and Bruce Hoffman and he was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in Madrid , New York City , and Tripoli .


set: Bin Laden was antisemitic , and had delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies : `` These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery .

set: Bin Laden is antisemitic , and has delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies : `` These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery .


set: One of Bin Laden 's most infamous beliefs was that civilians , including women and children , are legitimate targets of jihad .

set: Probably the most infamous part of Bin Laden 's ideology is that civilians , including women and children , are legitimate targets of jihad .


set: The form used here , Osama bin Laden , is used by most English-language mass media .

set: The version translation most often used by English-language mass media is Osama bin Laden .


set: Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( 10 March 1957 , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia â `` 2 May 2011 , Abbottabad , Pakistan ) was an Islamic fundamentalist , the founder and head of the al-Qaeda terrorist organization .

set: Osama bin Laden was born in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .


set: They will leave you nothing , either in this world or the next '' .

set: They will leave you nothing , either in this world or the next . ''


set: He had also called on Americans to `` reject the immoral acts of fornication and homosexuality , intoxicants ( e.g. alcohol ) , gambling , and usury '' in an October 2002 letter .

set: He has also called on Americans to `` reject the immoral acts of fornication ( and ) homosexuality , intoxicants , gambling , and usury , '' in an October 2002 letter .


set: Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( 10 March 1957 , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia â `` 2 May 2011 , Abbottabad , Pakistan ) was an Islamic fundamentalist , the founder and head of the al-Qaeda terrorist organization . He was a member of the very rich bin Laden family .

set: Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( , ' ; born March 10 , 1957 ) is a member of the wealthy Saudi bin Laden family and the founder of the jihadist organization al-Qaeda , most widely recognized for the September 11 attacks on the United States and numerous other mass-casualty attacks against civilian and military targets .


set: Bin Laden and fellow al-Qaeda leaders were widely believed to be hiding near the border of Afghanistan and Pakistan 's Federally Administered Tribal Areas .

set: Bin Laden and fellow al-Qaeda leaders are believed to be hiding near the border of Afghanistan and Pakistan 's Federally Administered Tribal Areas .


set: Bin Laden probably believed that the restoration of Sharia law would set things right in the Muslim world , and that all other ideologiesâ '' `` pan-Arabism , socialism , communism , democracy '' â '' must be opposed .

set: Bin Laden believes that the restoration of Sharia law will set things right in the Muslim world , and that all other ideologiesâ '' `` pan-Arabism , socialism , communism , democracy '' â '' must be opposed .


set: He believed Afghanistan under the rule of Mullah Omar 's Taliban was `` the only Islamic country '' in the Muslim world .

set: He believes Afghanistan under the rule of Mullah Omar 's Taliban was `` the only Islamic country '' in the Muslim world .


set: Bin Laden had consistently talked about his belief in the need for violent jihad to make right what he believed are injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states , the need to eliminate the state of Israel , and the necessity of forcing the US to withdraw from the Middle East .

set: Bin Laden has consistently dwelt on the need for violent jihad to right what he believes are injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states , the need to eliminate the state of Israel , and the necessity of forcing the US to withdraw from the Middle East .


set: Razvi was politically powerful and a close advisor of the Nizam , whom he encouraged to defy the infidel government , and blocked the invasion of Hyderabad into Republic of India .

set: Razvi was politically powerful and a close advisor of the Nizam , whom he encouraged to defy the Indian government , and block the accession of Hyderabad into India .


set: Qasim Razvi was the leader of a local militia , the Razakars of Hyderabad State , who blocked accession into the Dominion of India after the Partition of British Indian empire against the wishes of the local majority Hindu-population , and fought against the Indian forces during occupation .

set: Qasim Razvi ( or Kasim Razvi ) , acting on behalf of the Nizam , was the leader of a local Moslem militia , the Razakars who blocked accession into post-partition India of the predominantly Hindu region of Hyderabad , and fought against the Indian forces during Operation Polo .


set: He is quoted to have said `` Death with the sword in hand , is always preferable to extinction by a mere stroke of the pen . `` prompting the Indian government to call him the `` Nizam 's Frankenstein monster . ''

set: He is quoted to have said `` Death with the sword in hand , is always preferable to execution by a mere stroke of the pen , prompting the Indian government to call him the `` Nizam 's Frankenstein monster '' .


set: After Indian military intervention , Razvi was placed under house arrest and tried under Indian laws on seditious activities and inciting communal violence .

set: After Operation Polo , Razvi was placed under house arrest and tried under Indian laws on seditious activities and inciting communal violence .


set: Deportivo AlavÃ s is a football club which plays in Spain .

set: Deportivo AlavÃ s , S.A.D. , usually abbreviated to AlavÃ s , is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz , in the Basque Country .


set: LÄ `` gatne is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1993 .

set: LÄ `` gatne is a town on the Gauja River , in Latvia . The village of LÄ `` gatne was built around the paper mill , still extant , on the River LÄ `` gatne in the 19th century .


set: The Volkswagen Touran is a car produced by Volkswagen , launched in 2003 .

set: The Touran launched in 2003 , being the first MPV from Volkswagen based on the Golf platform .


set: Greenfield is a city in the Greenfield Township of Adair County in the state of Iowa , United States .

set: Greenfield is a city in Greenfield Township , Adair County , Iowa , United States .


set: Fulham Broadway is a London Underground station on the Wimbledon branch of the District Line .

set: Fulham Broadway is a London Underground station on the branch of the District Line .


set: It is famous as the nearest station to Stamford Bridge stadium . The stadium is the home of Chelsea Football Club .

set: It is notable as the nearest station to Stamford Bridge stadium , the home of Chelsea Football Club .


set: In engineering and thermodynamics , a heat engine converts heat energy to mechanical work by using the temperature difference between a hot `` source '' and a cold `` sink '' .

set: In thermodynamics , a heat engine is a system that performs the conversion of heat or thermal energy to mechanical work .


set: A heat engine is a device that converts heat into mechanical motion that can be used to do work .

set: In general an engine converts energy to mechanical work .


set: In general terms , the larger the difference in temperature between the hot source and the cold sink , the more efficient the cycle or engine .

set: In general terms , the larger the difference in temperature between the hot source and the cold sink , the larger is the potential thermal efficiency of the cycle .


set: A common toy that is also a heat engine is the drinking bird .

set: A common toy that is also a heat engine is a drinking bird .


set: A heat engine is a device that converts heat into mechanical motion that can be used to do work . Many kinds of real heat engines have been invented like the internal combustion engine that drives cars and the steam engine that once powered ships and trains .

set: Also the stirling engine is a heat engine .


set: On Earth , the cold side of any heat engine is limited to the air temperature of the place where the engine is .

set: On Earth , the cold side of any heat engine is limited to being close to the ambient temperature of the environment , or not much lower than 300 Kelvin , so most efforts to improve the thermodynamic efficiencies of various heat engines focus on increasing the temperature of the source , within material limits . The maximum theoretical efficiency of a heat engine ( which no engine ever obtains ) is equal to the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends divided by the temperature at the hot end , all expressed in absolute temperature or kelvins .


set: In engineering and thermodynamics , a heat engine converts heat energy to mechanical work by using the temperature difference between a hot `` source '' and a cold `` sink '' . Heat is transferred from the source , through the `` working body '' of the engine , to the `` sink '' , and in this process some of the heat changes into work by using the qualities of the gas or liquid inside the engine .

set: In other words , a heat engine absorbs heat energy from the high temperature heat source , converting part of it to useful work and delivering the rest to the cold temperature heat sink .


set: When describing the ideal the term ` cycle ' is used .

set: When describing the model the term ` cycle ' is used .


set: Examples of everyday heat engines include : the steam engine , the diesel engine , and the gasoline ( petrol ) engine in an automobile .

set: Examples of everyday heat engines include the steam engine , the diesel engine , and the gasoline ( petrol ) engine in an automobile .


set: On 5 October 2008 , they reached number 70 on the national singles chart and number one on the UK Dance Chart again with their single `` Pieces '' with vocals by Plan B. In 2009 , they made number 45 with `` Against All Odds '' which had UK rapper Kano on vocals .

set: On 5 October 2008 , they reached number 70 on the national singles chart and number one on the UK Dance Chart again with their single `` Pieces '' featuring vocals by Plan B. In 2009 , they made number 45 with `` Against All Odds '' which featured UK rapper Kano .


set: Together they agreed that the band should do more pop collaborations in order to achieve a more better fanbase .

set: Together they agreed that the band should do more pop collaborations in order to achieve a more mainstream fanbase .


set: The single had vocals from Mali and debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 11 ; marking the duo 's second Top 40 hit in a row .

set: The single featured vocals from Mali and debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 11 ; marking the duo 's second consecutive Top 40 hit .


set: The new album also contains a new single ` Heavy ' with Dizzee Rascal .

set: The new anticipated album also contains a new single ` Heavy ' with Dizzee Rascal .


set: Ancona ( it : Ancona ) is a city in the province of Ancona in Marche , Italy .

set: Ancona ( , from ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche , a region of central Italy , population 101,909 ( 2005 ) . Ancona is situated on the Adriatic Sea and is the center of the province of Ancona and the capital of the region .


set: The Milwaukee Brewers are a Major League Baseball team in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . They play in the Central Division of the National League .

set: The Milwaukee Brewers are a professional baseball team based in Milwaukee , Wisconsin , currently playing in the Central Division of Major League Baseball 's National League .


set: The Milwaukee Brewers are a Major League Baseball team in Milwaukee , Wisconsin .

set: Milwaukee had previously been a National League city when its team was the Milwaukee Braves ( 1953 â `` 1965 ) . In , Milwaukee won the American League East Division and the American League Pennant , earning their only World Series appearance to date .


set: Matt Slick also has the website The Calvinist Corner .

set: The proprietor of the website is Matt Slick .


set: Christian Apologetics Research Ministry ( CARM ) is a religious organization that was created in 1995 by Matt Slick . It is an internet apologetics ministry .

set: The Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry ( CARM ) is an Evangelical Christian apologetics ministry founded in 1995 .


set: Pedro Rocha ( born 3 December 1942 ) is a former Uruguayan football player . He has played for Uruguay national team .

set: Pedro Virgilio Rocha Franchetti ( born 3 December 1942 in Salto ) is a former Uruguayan footballer who played 52 games for the Uruguay national team between 1961 and 1974 .


set: Yasuo Manaka ( born 31 January 1971 ) is a former Japanese football player .

set: Yasuo Manaka ( born 31 January , 1971 ) is a former Japanese football player .


set: Ava is a city of Illinois in the United States .

set: Ava is a city in Jackson County , Illinois , United States .


set: In 1972 the QMJHL finally wanted a team in Montreal , and tried to get the Montreal Junior Canadiens , who played in the Ontario Hockey Association , to join .

set: In 1972 the QMJHL had been in operation for three years , and wanted a team in the province 's largest city . It threatened a lawsuit to force the Montreal Junior Canadiens of the Ontario Hockey Association into the Quebec-based league .


set: Eight teams were from the QJHL and two from the MMJHL and another team came from a town in Ontario on the Ontario-Quebec border .

set: Of the original eleven QMJHL teams , eight came from the QJHL , two from the MMJHL , and the Cornwall Royals , from Cornwall , Ontario , near the Quebec border , who transferred from in the Central Junior A Hockey League . The Rosemont National and Laval Saints transferred from the MMJHL .


set: Many good players go from the QMJHL to the National Hockey League , and nine players from the QMJHL are in the Hockey Hall of Fame .

set: This is a list of Canadian Hockey League career and single season records accomplished by QMJHL players .


set: The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League ( French : la Ligue de hockey junior majeur du QuÃ bec , shortened as QMJHL in English , LHJMQ in French ) is one of the three major junior ice hockey leagues which make up the Canadian Hockey League .

set: The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League ( French : la Ligue de hockey junior majeur du QuÃ bec , abbreviated QMJHL in English , LHJMQ in French ) is one of the three major junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League .


set: The QMJHL was created in 1969 from two different junior leagues in Quebec , the Quebec Junior Hockey League and the Metropolitan Montreal Junior Hockey League .

set: The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League was founded in 1969 , through the merger of best teams from the existing Quebec Junior Hockey League and the Metropolitan Montreal Junior Hockey League , declaring themselves a `` major junior '' league .


set: The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the Mayor of the City of London and head of the Corporation of London .

set: The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the legal title for the Mayor of ( and head of ) the City of London Corporation .


set: A male Lord Mayor 's wife is known as a Lady Mayoress .

set: A male Lord Mayor 's wife is known as a Lady Mayoress ; no equivalent privilege exists for a female Lord Mayor 's husband .


set: The Lord Mayor is entitled to the style The Right Honourable ; the same privilege extends only to the Lord Mayors of Bristol , York , Cardiff and Belfast , and to the Lord Provosts of Edinburgh and Glasgow .

set: The Lord Mayor is entitled to the style The Right Honourable ; the same privilege extends only to the Lord Mayors of York , Cardiff and Belfast , and to the Lords Provost of Edinburgh and Glasgow .


set: On the day after taking office , the Lord Mayor 's Show is held .

set: The Lord Mayor is elected each year at Michaelmas ` Common Hall ' , and takes office on the Friday before the second Saturday in November , at ` The Silent Ceremony ' . On the day after taking office , the Lord Mayor 's Show is held ; the Lord Mayor , preceded by a procession , travels to the Royal Courts of Justice on the Strand , Westminster to swear allegiance to the Sovereign in the presence of the judges of the High Court .


set: The Lord Mayor of London is also the chancellor of the City University of London .

set: The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the legal title for the Mayor of ( and head of ) the City of London Corporation . The Lord Mayor of London is to be distinguished from the Mayor of London ; the former is an officer only of the City of London , while the Mayor of London is the Mayor of Greater London and as such governs a much larger area .


set: The custom was applied inconsistently from the sixteenth until the nineteenth centuries ; creations became more regular from 1889 onwards .

set: The custom was applied inconsistently from the 16th until the 19th centuries ; creations became more regular from 1889 onwards .


set: From 1964 onwards , the regular creation of hereditary dignities such as baronetcies stopped , but Lord Mayors continued to be granted knighthoods ( usually of the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire ) until 1993 .

set: From 1964 onwards , the regular creation of hereditary dignities such as baronetcies ceased , but Lord Mayors continued to be granted knighthoods ( usually of the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire ) until 1993 .


set: The style , however , is used when referring to the office and not to the person ; `` The Rt Hon The Lord Mayor of London '' would be correct , while `` The Rt Hon John Smith '' would be incorrect .

set: The style , however , is used when referring to the office as opposed to the holder thereof ; thus , `` The Rt Hon The Lord Mayor of the City of London '' would be correct , while `` The Rt Hon John Smith '' would be incorrect .


set: It was once use for Lord Mayors to be created knights when they took office and baronets when they retired .

set: It was once customary for Lord Mayors to be created knights upon taking office and baronets upon retirement , unless they held those titles already .


set: The Lord Mayor of London is not the same person as the Mayor of London ; the former is an officer only of the City of London . The Mayor of London governs the much larger area of Greater London .

set: The Lord Mayor of London is to be distinguished from the Mayor of London ; the former is an officer only of the City of London , while the Mayor of London is the Mayor of Greater London and as such governs a much larger area .


set: Of the 66 cities in the United Kingdom , the City of London is among the 30 that have Lord Mayors ( or , in Scotland , Lord Provosts ) .

set: Of the 66 cities in the United Kingdom , the City of London is among the 30 that have Lord Mayors ( or , in Scotland , Lords Provost ) .


set: The Lord Mayor for 2010-2011 is Alderman Michael Bear . .

set: The Lord Mayor As of 2010 is Alderman Michael Bear .


set: The Lord Mayor is elected each year at the end of September or the beginning of October , and takes office in November . On the day after taking office , the Lord Mayor 's Show is held .

set: The Lord Mayor is then sworn in November , on the day before the Lord Mayor 's Show ( see below ) .


set: Since 1993 , Lord Mayors have not received any automatic honors upon appointment .

set: Since 1993 , Lord Mayors have not received any automatic honors upon appointment ; instead , they have been created Knights Bachelor upon retirement .


set: Arundel Castle is a castle in West Sussex , England .

set: Arundel Castle in Arundel , West Sussex , England is a restored medieval castle .


set: However the kidneys are also part of the endocrine system and make erythropoietin ans calcitriol .

set: The kidneys also function as a part of the endocrine system producing erythropoietin and calcitriol .


set: Dialysis machines are not able to replace this part of the kidney 's function .

set: Dialysis is an imperfect treatment to replace kidney function because it does not correct the endocrine functions of the kidney .


set: Dialysis is where a machine is used to replace a kidney after kidney failure .

set: Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function ( acute kidney injury , previously acute renal failure ) or for those with progressive but chronically worsening kidney functionâ `` a state known as chronic kidney disease stage 5 ( previously chronic renal failure or end-stage kidney disease ) .


set: These minerals include sodium , potassium , chloride , calcium , phosphorous , magnesium and sulfate . The kidneys also take out hydrogen ions from the blood .

set: When healthy , the kidneys maintain the body 's internal equilibrium of water and minerals ( sodium , potassium , chloride , calcium , phosphorus , magnesium , sulfate ) .


set: The word dialysis comes from the Greek word dialusis , dia meaning through , and lusis meaning loosening .

set: In medicine , dialysis ( from Greek `` dialusis '' , meaning dissolution , `` dia '' , meaning through , and `` lysis '' , meaning loosening ) is primarily used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure .


set: Iron ( II ) oxide is an chemical compound composed of iron in the +2 oxidation state bonded to oxygen atoms .

set: It consists of the chemical element iron in the oxidation state of 2 bonded to oxygen .


set: Cape Monze ( aka Cape Mount ) is a beach on the Arabian Sea located near the Hub River and Gadani Beach in Karachi , Sindh , Pakistan .

set: Cape Monze ( a.k.a. Cape Mount ) is a beach on the Arabian Sea located near the Hub River and Gadani Beach in Karachi , Sindh , Pakistan .


set: Coral Gables is a city of Florida in the United States .

set: The district has one high school in Coral Gables , Coral Gables High School , which educates students in grades nine through 12 . George Washington Carver Middle School ( Miami , Florida ) is located in Coral Gables .


set: jpg thumb ( 376x599 ) px right Jewel ) ) Jewel Kilcher , known simply as Jewel , is an American singer-songwriter .

set: Jewel Kilcher ( born May 23 , 1974 ) , professionally known as Jewel , is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , actress , and poet .


set: She has had four Grammy Award nominations .

set: She has received four Grammy Award nominations and has sold over 27 million albums worldwide .


set: For the Illinois village previously known as Rantoul see Alma , Illinois Rantoul is a village in Champaign County , Illinois , United States .


set: He currently plays for UniÃ # o SÃ # o JoÃ # o.


set: Cleberson Luis Marques ( born 4 July 1984 ) is a Brazilian football player .

set: Cleberson Luis Marques , or simply Cleberson ( born July 4 , 1984 ) is a Brazilian striker .


set: Larry Fine October 5 , 1902 - January 24 , 1975 ) , was an American actor , comedian and violinist .

set: Louis Feinberg ( October 5 , 1902 -- January 24 , 1975 ) , known professionally as Larry Fine , was an American comedian and actor , who is best known as a member of the comedy act The Three Stooges .


set: Anthony Mark Mowbray ( born November 22 , 1963 ) is a former footballer and is the current manager of Middlesbrough FC .

set: Anthony Mark `` Tony '' Mowbray . ( born 22 November 1963 ) is an English former professional football player , who is currently the manager of Middlesbrough .


set: Vahid Hashemian ( born 21 July 1976 ) is an Iranian football player . He plays for Bochum and Iran national team .

set: Vahid Hashemian ( , born 21 July 1976 in Tehran , Iran ) is an Iranian footballer who currently plays for Persepolis in Iran Pro League .


set: Ozark is a city of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America .

set: Ozark Arkansas was the first to be incorporated with that name .


set: The chairman of the Nations board was the economist John Maynard Keynes , who came to be an important influence on the paper .

set: The chairman of the Nations board was the economist John Maynard Keynes , who came to be an important influence on the newly merged paper , which started with a circulation of just under 13,000 .


set: The New Statesman is a British left-wing political magazine that is published weekly in London .

set: The New Statesman is a British left-wing political magazine published weekly in London .


set: In 1930 the Statesman merge with the Liberal weekly the Nation , and changed its name to the New Statesman and Nation , which it remained until 1964 .

set: In 1931 the Statesman merged with the Liberal weekly the Nation and Athenaeum , and changed its name to the New Statesman and Nation , under which title it remained until 1964 .


set: jpg thumb ( 462x599 ) px right Christie Brinkley ) ) Christie Lee Hudson , better known as Christie Brinkley , is an American model , actress , writer and designer .

set: Born Christie Lee Hudson in Monroe , Michigan , Brinkley is the daughter of Herbert and Marjorie Hudson . Her mother moved to California , where she later married television writer Don Brinkley , and Christie adopted her stepfather 's surname .


set: The Irukandji Jellyfish , Carukia barnesi , is a species of jellyfish . It lives in the waters of northern Australia .

set: Irukandji jellyfish are tiny and extremely venomous jellyfish that inhabit marine waters of Australia , and which cause symptoms collectively known as Irukandji syndrome .


set: The Irukandji Jellyfish , Carukia barnesi , is a species of jellyfish .

set: It is also unknown which jellyfish species can cause Irukandji syndrome apart from Carukia barnesi and Malo kingi .


set: Wilburton is a city of Oklahoma in the United States .

set: Wilburton is a city in Latimer County , Oklahoma , United States .


set: The final trains were withdrawn in the 1990s , replaced by Class 455 , 456 , 465 and 466 .


set: Courbeveille is a commune of 488 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

set: Courbeveille is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


set: Shinji Okazaki ( born 16 April 1986 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for VfB Stuttgart and Japan national team .

set: å Okazaki Shinji , born April 16 , 1986 in Takarazuka , HyÅ go ) is a Japanese football player currently playing for VfB Stuttgart of the German FuÃ ball-Bundesliga .


set: Kazuhisa Hamaoka ( born 28 February 1981 ) is a Japanese football player .

set: Kazuhisa Hamaoka ( born February 28 , 1981 ) is a Japanese football player .


set: She learned at the Sorbonne , earning a degree in philosophy .

set: She was educated at the Sorbonne , earning a degree in philosophy .


set: In 1929 she made a religious promise and became a nun .

set: In 1929 , she took her religious vows and became a nun in the Congregation of Notre-Dame de Sion .


set: After she went back , she became very famous in France and was liked by audiences and talk-show hosts .

set: It was upon her return that she gained the status of a media sensation in France , as she was well received by audiences and talk-show hosts .


set: SÅ `` ur Emmanuelle ( born Madeleine Cinquin , November 16 , 1908 -- October 20 , 2008 ) was a Belgian-born French nun .

set: SÅ `` ur Emmanuelle ( November 16 , 1908 -- October 20 , 2008 ) , born Madeleine Cinquin , was a Belgian and French nun ( she was later honored with Egyptian Nationality in 1991 ) .


set: She stayed until 1993 , when she went back to France .

set: She remained there until 1993 , when she returned to France .


set: She was born in Brussels , Belgium , the daughter of a family that made lingerie .

set: She was born in Brussels , Belgium , the daughter of a French father and a Belgian mother . Her parents were wealthy lingerie manufacturers .


set: She has been voted one of the most popular people in France , and has been compared to Mother Teresa .

set: She was voted one of the most popular people in France , and has been compared to Mother Teresa , although she herself regarded the comparison as `` ridiculous '' .


set: In 1971 she saw how poorly trash collectors in Cairo , Egypt were doing , and decided to live with them .

set: In 1971 , she witnessed the impoverished conditions of the trash collectors in Cairo , Egypt , and decided to live among them .


set: F. W. Murnau made a film called The Grand Duke 's Finances ( German : Die Finanzen des GroÃ herzogs ) that was based on of Heller 's novel with the same name .

set: The F. W. Murnau film The Grand Duke 's Finances ( German : Die Finanzen des GroÃ herzogs ) is based on of the same name .


set: His real name was Gunnar Serner . He lived from July 20 , 1886 - October 14 , 1947 .

set: Frank Heller was the pen name of the Swedish writer Gunnar Serner ( July 20 , 1886 - October 14 , 1947 ) .


set: Collin who was a detective and a thief .

set: His best known works concerned the recurring character Philip Collin , who was simultaneously a detective and a thief .


set: The county was made in 1764 from parts of Bladen County and New Hanover County .

set: The county was formed in 1764 from parts of Bladen County and New Hanover County .


set: Brunswick County is part of the local Cape Fear Council of Governments .

set: Brunswick County is a member of the regional Cape Fear Council of Governments .


set: The Rowlatt Act , also known as the Black Act , vested the Viceroy 's government with extraordinary powers to quell sedition by silencing the press , detaining political activists without trial , and arresting any individuals suspected of sedition or treason without a warrant .

set: The Rowlatt Act , also known as the Black Act , vested the Viceroy 's government with extraordinary powers to quell sedition by silencing the press , detaining the political activists without trial , and arresting any individuals suspected of sedition or treason without a warrant .


set: In August 1917 , Edwin Samuel Montagu , the Secretary of State for India , announced in the British Parliament about many steps to give more rights to Indians .

set: In August 1917 , Edwin Montagu , the secretary of state for India , made the historic announcement in Parliament that the British policy for India was `` increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration and the gradual development of self-governing institutions with a view to the progressive realization of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire . ''


set: The positive impact of reform was seriously undermined in 1919 by the Rowlatt Act , named after the recommendations made the previous year to the Imperial Legislative Council by the Rowlatt Commission , which had been appointed to investigate `` seditious conspiracy . ''

set: The positive impact of reform was seriously undermined in 1919 by the Rowlatt Act , named after the recommendations made the previous year to the Imperial Legislative Council by the Rowlatt Commission , which had been appointed to investigate what was termed the `` seditious conspiracy '' and the German and Bolshevik involvement in the militant movements in India .


set: Sept-Vents is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

set: Sept-Vents is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


set: Stanislaw Wojciechowski was born on March 15 , 1869 in Kalisz , and died near Warsaw on April 9 , 1953 at the age of 84 .

set: StanisÅ aw Wojciechowski was born on March 15 , 1869 in Kalisz , and died near Warsaw on April 9 , 1953 at the age of 84 .


set: S.S. Cavese 1919 is a football club which plays in Italy .

set: SocietÃ Sportiva Cavese 1919 , commonly known as Cavese , is an Italian football club , based in Cava de ' Tirreni , Campania . The club was founded in 1919 .


set: Sumter County is a county located in the state of Florida .

set: Sumter County is a county located in the state of Florida , United States .


set: Meanwhile , David Gilmour sings lead vocals on only one of the album 's twelve songs , the rest being sung entirely by Waters .

set: Most of the lyrics are sung by Waters ; lead guitarist David Gilmour provides vocals on only one of the album 's tracks .


set: All songs composed by Roger Waters . All lead vocals performed by Roger Waters unless otherwise stated .

set: All lead vocals performed by Roger Waters except `` Not Now John '' by David Gilmour and Roger Waters .


set: It is the final Pink Floyd studio album with the band 's bassist and primary songwriter Roger Waters .

set: A concept album , The Final Cut is the last of the band 's releases to include founding member and longtime lyricist Roger Waters . It is the only Pink Floyd album on which Waters is credited for the writing and composition of every song .


set: It is the only Pink Floyd album on which the credit for writing every song is given to Waters alone .

set: It is the only Pink Floyd album on which Waters is credited for the writing and composition of every song .


set: It was recorded at various studios in the UK from July to December 1982 .

set: The Final Cut was recorded in eight studios across Britain , from July to December 1982 .


set: The Final Cut is a rock album by Pink Floyd .

set: The Final Cut is the twelfth studio album by English progressive rock group Pink Floyd .


set: Fernando Moner ( born 30 December 1967 ) is a former Argentine football player .

set: Fernando Daniel Moner ( born 30 December 1967 in Mercedes , Argentina ) is a retired Argentine football player .


set: Tuvalu national football team is the national football team of Tuvalu .

set: The Tuvalu national soccer team is the international football team of Tuvalu .


set: Langoiran is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

set: Langoiran is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


set: It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the VendÃ e department in the west of France .

set: Foussais-Payr Ã is a commune in the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


set: The Black Swallowtail ( Papilio polyxenes ) is a species of butterfly . It is also called the American Swallowtail or Parsnip Swallowtail .

set: The ( Eastern ) Black Swallowtail ( Papilio polyxenes ) also called the American Swallowtail or Parsnip Swallowtail , is a butterfly found throughout much of North America .


set: The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad , were celebrated in Moscow , Soviet Union from July 19 , through August 3 .

set: The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Moscow in the Soviet Union .


set: Sir Michael Philip `` Mick '' Jagger ( born 26 July 1943 ) is an English musician , producer and actor who is most famous for being the singer of The Rolling Stones .

set: Sir Michael Philip `` Mick '' Jagger ( born 26 July 1943 ) is an English musician , singer-songwriter , actor , and producer , best known as the lead vocalist of rock band , The Rolling Stones .


set: Botkin went into exile with the Romanovs after the Russian Revolution of 1917 . He was murdered with the family at Ekaterinburg on 17 July 1918 .

set: Botkin went into exile with the Romanovs following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and was murdered with the family at Ekaterinburg on 17 July 1918 .


set: Dr. Yevgeny Sergeivich Botkin ( 27 March 1865 -- 17 July 1918 ) , also known as Dr. Eugene Botkin , was the court physician for Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra . While he was in exile with the family , he often helped treat Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia .

set: Dr. Yevgeny Sergeivich Botkin , also known as Dr. Eugene Botkin ( 27 March 1865 â `` 17 July 1918 ) was the court physician for Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra and , while in exile with the family , sometimes treated the hemophilia-related complications of the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia .


set: Montreuil-sur-Mer ( officially , Montreuil ) is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: Montreuil or Montreuil-sur-Mer is a sub-prefecture in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France .


set: Monrovia is Liberia 's financial center . The Central Bank of Liberia is based in Monrovia .


set: It is Liberia 's most populous city with a population of 1,010,970 .

set: The metropolitan area , with a population of 1,010,970 in the Greater Monrovia District as of the 2008 census , contains 29 % of the total population of Liberia and is the country 's most populous city .


set: As a consequence Istria has been the theater of an ethnic struggle between them , with bloody nationalistic wars , during the XIX and XX centuries .

set: As a consequence Istria has been the theater of an ethnic struggle between them , with bloody nationalistic wars , during the 19th and 20th centuries .


set: In these cities there was the main Comitato istriano ( Istrian Committee for Union to Italy ) , the meeting place of the most famous istrian irredentists like Carlo Combi e Antonio Madonizza .

set: In this city there was the main Comitato istriano ( Istrian Committee for Union to Italy ) , the meeting place of the most famous Istrian irredentists like Carlo Combi e Antonio Madonizza .


set: After 1866 - when Venice and the Veneto region were united to Italy - in all Istria there was full support for the irredentism .

set: After 1866 - when Venice and the Veneto region were united to Italy - in all Istria there was full support for the irredentism : Tino Gavardo , Pio Riego Gambini and Nazario Sauro where the most renowned between those who promoted the Istrian unification to Italy .


set: Capodistria ( actual Koper ) and Muggia were the centers of the irredentism in Istria .

set: Capodistria was the center of the irredentism in Istria .


set: Furthermore , after the war was created the Free Territory of Trieste in north-western Istria : in the years following the division of the territory between Italy and Yugoslavia , up to 40,000 Istrian Italians chose to leave the Yugoslav `` B zone '' and move to the `` A zone '' or Italy for various reasons - some were intimidated into leaving and some simply preferred not to live in Tito 's Yugoslavia .

set: Furthermore , after the war was created the Free Territory of Trieste in north-western Istria : in the years following the division of the territory between Italy and Yugoslavia , up to 40,000 Istrian Italians chose to leave the Yugoslav `` B zone '' and move to the `` A zone '' or Italy for various reasons - some were intimidated into leaving and some simply preferred not to live in Josip Broz Tito 's Yugoslavia .


set: Italian irredentism in Istria was the political movement dedicated to the unification of Istria to Italy .

set: Italian irredentism in Istria was the political movement supporting the unification to Italy , during the 19th and 20th centuries , of the peninsula of Istria .


set: The Italian irredentism was actively followed by many Italians in Istria ( called Istrian Italians ) , like the Italian hero Nazario Sauro of Capodistria ( actual Koper ) .

set: The Italian irredentism was actively followed by many Italians in Istria , like the Italian hero Nazario Sauro of Capodistria .


set: When Napoleon defeated Venice in 1797 found that Istria was populated by Italians on the coast and in the main cities , but the interior was populated mainly by Croats and Slovenians : this dual ethnicity in the same peninsula created a situation of antagonism between Slavs and Italians for the supremacy of Istria , when started the first nationalisms after Napoleon 's fall .

set: When Napoleon defeated Venice in 1797 , he found that Istria was populated by Italians on the coast and in the main cities , but the interior was populated mainly by Croats and Slovenians : this dual ethnicity in the same peninsula created a situation of antagonism between Slavs and Italians for the supremacy of Istria , when started the first nationalisms after Napoleon 's fall .


set: Since the end of WWII the irredentism has totally disappeared in Istria , even because of the Istrian exodus .

set: Since the end of World War II the irredentism has totally disappeared in Istria , even because of the Istrian exodus .


set: The Southern Railway ( SR ) gave the designation 5BEL to the 5-car all-Pullman electric multiple units built to work the prestigious Brighton Belle trains between London Victoria and Brighton .

set: The Southern Railway ( SR ) gave the designation 5BEL to the 5-car all-Pullman electric multiple units which worked the prestigious Brighton Belle trains between London Victoria and Brighton .


set: Tenneville is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Luxembourg .

set: Tenneville is a municipality of Belgium . It lies in the country 's Walloon Region and Luxembourg Province .


set: The question who should invest ( appoint ) whom was the subject of a conflict between the Catholic church ( mainly the papacy ) and state ( mainly the Holy Roman Empire ) in the Middle Ages during the so-called lay investiture controversy .

set: The question who should invest ( or more to the point , appoint ) whom was the subject of an epic conflict between the Catholic Church ( mainly papacy ) and state ( mainly the Holy Roman Empire ) in the Middle Ages during the so-called Investiture Controversy .


set: The lord invested the vassal with a fiefdom , by giving a symbol of the land or office .

set: The lord invested the vassal with a fiefdom , by giving a symbol of the land or office conveyed in return for an oath of fealty .


set: Approximately 22 Investitures are held annually in Buckingham Palace , one or two at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh and one in Cardiff .

set: Approximately 24 investitures are held annually in Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle , one at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh , Scotland .


set: Investiture means the formal installation of somebody ( heir , elect of nominee ) in public office by formally giving him the `` insignia '' .

set: Investiture , from the Latin ( preposition in and verb vestire , ` dress ' from vestis ` robe ' ) is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent ( heir , elect of nominee ) in public office , especially by taking possession of its insignia .


set: In the Middle Ages investiture was the ceremonial transfer of a fief by an overlord to a vassal .

set: In the feudal system investiture was the ceremonial transfer of a fief by a lord to a vassal .


set: The Kuru disease is also known as the laughing sickness due to the pathologic bursts of laughter that the patient displays .

set: , a reference to the body tremors that are a classic symptom of the disease ; it is also known among the Fore as the laughing sickness due to the pathologic bursts of laughter people would display when afflicted with the disease .


set: The ChÃ cents teau d'Usson is one of the Cathar castles that is now in southwestern France .

set: The ChÃ cents teau d'Usson is one of the so-called Cathar castles in what is now southwestern France .


set: It can be found in the commune of Rouze , in the AriÃ ge dÃ partement .

set: It is located in the commune of Rouze , in the AriÃ ge dÃ partement .


set: Iron ( II ) hydroxide is a chemical compound .

set: Iron ( II ) hydroxide or ferrous hydroxide is a compound produced when iron ( II ) ions , from a compound such as iron ( II ) sulfate , react with hydroxide ions .


set: Its chemical formula is Fe ( OH ) 2 . It has iron and hydroxide ions in it .

set: The natural analog of iron ( II ) hydroxide compound is a very rare mineral amakinite , ( Fe , Mg ) ( OH ) 2 .


set: Some wetlands have toxic selenite and selenate ions in them .

set: Iron ( II ) hydroxide has also been investigated as an agent for the removal of toxic selenate and selenite ions from water systems such as wetlands .


set: Iron ( II ) hydroxide reduces them to selenium , which is much less toxic .

set: The iron ( II ) hydroxide reduces these ions to elemental selenium , which is insoluble in water and precipitates out .


set: Saint-Martin-V Ã subie is a commune of the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France .


set: Erich Mende ( 28 October 1916 - 6 May 1998 in Bonn ) was a German jurist and politician for the Christian-Democratic Union of Germany and the Free Democratic Party of Germany .

set: Dr. Erich Mende ( October 28 , 1916 in GroÃ Strehlitz -- May 6 , 1998 in Bonn ) was a German politician of the FDP and CDU .


set: In the United States and Canada , there is another system of standard paper sizes .

set: In Canada , U.S. paper sizes are a de facto standard .


set: Gretchen has given birth to a baby , but she drowns it .

set: Gretchen drowns her illegitimate child and is convicted of the murder .


set: He loves her , and by offering her jewellery , and with help of a neighbor , Martha , Gretchen lets herself into Faust 's arms .

set: He is attracted to her and with jewellery and help from a neighbor , Martha , the devil draws Gretchen into Faust 's arms .


set: Faust tries to save her from death , but he can not free her from prison .

set: Faust tries to save Gretchen from death by attempting to free her from prison .


set: With influence from the devil , Faust seduces Gretchen .


set: Finding that they can not free her , Faust and the devil run away from the prison cell , while voices from heaven say that Gretchen shall be saved .

set: Finding that she refuses to escape , Faust and the devil flee the dungeon , while voices from Heaven announce that Gretchen shall be saved .


set: Faust makes an arrangement with the devil : the devil will do everything that Faust wants while he is here on earth , In exchange Faust will serve the devil in hell .

set: Faust makes an arrangement with the devil : the devil will do everything that Faust wants while he is here on Earth , and in exchange Faust will serve the devil in Hell .


set: When the devil tells Faust to sign the pact with blood , Faust complains that the devil does not trust Faust 's word of honor . In the end , Mephistopheles wins the argument and Faust signs the contract with a drop of his own blood .


set: Faust has a few adventures and then meets Margaret ( also known as Gretchen ) .

set: Faust has a few excursions and then meets Margaret ( also known as Gretchen ) .


set: In the end Faust goes to heaven , because he loses only half the bet .

set: Ultimately , Faust goes to heaven , for he loses only half of the bet .


set: The devil ( usually called Mephistopheles , as he is in Goetheâ s play ) tells Faust he can help him to do this , but that in the end Faust will have to give him his soul and go with him to hell .

set: In Faust 's study , the poodle transforms into the devil ( Mephistopheles ) . Faust makes an arrangement with the devil : the devil will do everything that Faust wants while he is here on Earth , and in exchange Faust will serve the devil in Hell .


set: Faust and Gretchen want to sleep together , so Gretchen gives her mother a sleeping potion so that she does not see Faust .

set: Gretchen 's mother dies from a sleeping potion , administered by Gretchen to obtain privacy so that Faust could visit her .


set: The romantic story of the first Faust is forgotten , and Faust wakes in a field of fairies . He has many adventures .

set: Rich in classical allusion , in Part Two the romantic story of the first Faust is forgotten , and Faust wakes in a field of fairies to initiate a new cycle of adventures and purpose .


set: Angels , who arrive as messengers of Godâ s mercy , say at the end of Act 5 : `` He who strives on and lives to strive \/ Can earn redemption still '' ( i.e. anyone who tries hard in life can still be saved ) .

set: Angels , who arrive as messengers of divine mercy , declare at the end of Act V : `` He who strives on and lives to strive \/ Can earn redemption still '' ( V , 11936 â `` 7 ) .


set: In Faustâ s study , the poodle changes into the devil ( Mephistopheles ) .

set: In Faust 's study , the poodle transforms into the devil ( Mephistopheles ) .


set: Faust 's arrangement is that if during the time while Mephistopheles is serving Faust , Faust is so pleased with anything the devil gives him that he wants to stay in that moment forever , he will die that very moment ( in German he says : â Verweile doch , du bist so schÃ nâ â `` â Stay a while , you are so beautifulâ .

set: Faust 's arrangement is that if during the time while Mephistopheles is serving Faust , Faust is so pleased with anything the devil gives him that he wants to stay in that moment forever , he will die in that instant .


set: Sadova , Dolj is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .

set: Sadova is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 8,500 people .


set: The Random House Dictionary says that : `` The term Canuck is first recorded about 1835 as an Americanism , originally referring specifically to a French Canadian .

set: The Random House Dictionary notes that : `` The term Canuck is first recorded about 1835 as an Americanism , originally referring specifically to a French Canadian .


set: This was probably the original meaning , though in Canada and other countries , Canuck now more often refers to any Canadian . ''

set: This was probably the original meaning , though in Canada and other countries , `` Canuck '' refers to a Canadian . ''


set: She danced the parts of Lucile in the pantomime ballet Det dubbla giftermÃ let by Jean Marcadet with Margaretha Christina Hallongren , Carl DahlÃ n , Raimond and Carlo Caspare Simone Uttini the season of 1790-1719 , Leonore in Enleveringen by Louis Deland with honom , Hallongren , Uttini , Luigi Taglioni and Ambrosiani and Diana in Diana och KÃ rleken by Deland with J.F. BjÃ rkstrand , Deland , Hallongren , Casagli and Hedvig Elisabeth Casagli in 1800-1801 ; she also did the part of Venus in Venus och Adonis by Deland with H. BjÃ rkman , Casagli , G.B. Ambrosiani and Hallongren 1801-1802 , and as Frosine in Dansvurmen by Gardel with Deland , Filippo Taglioni , Anna Christina LÃ fborg , Anders Ekholm , Raimond and Ambrosiani in 1803-1804 .

set: She danced the parts of Lucile in the pantomime ballet Det dubbla giftermÃ let by Jean Marcadet with Margaretha Christina Hallongren , Carl DahlÃ n , Joseph Saint-Fauraux Raimond and Carlo Uttini the season of 1790-1791 , Leonore in Enleveringen by Louis Deland with him , Hallongren , Uttini , Luigi Taglioni and Charles Jean Ambrosiani and Diana in Diana och KÃ rleken by Deland with Johan Fredrik BjÃ rkstrand , Deland , Hallongren , Casagli and Hedvig Elisabeth Casagli in 1800-1801 ; she also did the part of Venus in Venus och Adonis by Deland with H. BjÃ rkman , Casagli , Giovanni Battitsta Ambrosiani and Hallongren 1801-1802 , and as Frosine in Dansvurmen ( Dance Craze ) by Gardel with Deland , Filippo Taglioni , Anna Christina LÃ fborg , Anders Ekholm , Raimond and Ambrosiani the season 1803-1804 .


set: Hedda ( Hedvig Katarina ) Hjortsberg , ( 1777-1867 ) , was a Swedish ballerina .

set: Hedda ( Hedvig Katarina ) Hjortsberg ( 15 June 1777 -- 3 October 1867 ) was a Swedish ballerina who starred for the Royal Swedish Ballet .


set: She became a student of the French ballet-master Louis Gallodier in 1786 , at the age of nine , and when she graduated , she was considered as one of the first great products of the newly founded Royal Swedish ballet .

set: At age nine ( 1786 ) , Hedda became a student of French balletmaster Louis Gallodier .


set: The writer Marianne EhrenstrÃ m called her the darling of the audience , and describes her as gracious as a nymph .

set: The writer Marianne EhrenstrÃ m called her the delightful darling of the audience , and describes her as gracious as a nymph ; `` une taille de nymphe , pÃ trie de graces , Terpsicore soulovÃ e par les Zephirs '' .


set: She was the sister of the famous Swedish actor Lars Hjortsberg , and was considered the greatest Swedish ballet-dancer of her generation .

set: She was the sister of the Swedish actor Lars Hjortsberg .


set: When the Opera was opened again in 1809 after it had been closed since 1806 , she performed with her five year old daughter in the ballet Dansvurmen .

set: When the Royal Swedish Opera reopened in 1809 after it had been closed since 1806 , she performed with her five year old daughter in the ballet Dansvurmen , and in 1810 she performed the part of Honor in Gustavs drÃ m at the Opera .


set: Between 1791 and 1806 she was a premier-dancer at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm .

set: Between 1791 and 1806 she was a premier-dancer of the Royal Swedish Ballet at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm .


set: Hjortsberg married the businessman Erik Samuel Koersner in 1804 , and Abraham HÃ 1\/4 lphers in 1811 , and after that , she danced only as a guest-artist .

set: Hjortsberg married the businessman Erik Samuel Koersner in 1804 , who died shortly after , and Abraham HÃ 1\/4 lphers in 1811 , and after that , she performed only as a guest-artist .


set: It is primarily understood in the Muslim world as a term of respect for a religiously educated man .

set: It is primarily understood in the Muslim world as a term of respect for an educated man .


set: Nicoma Park is a city of Oklahoma in the United States .

set: Nicoma Park is a city in Oklahoma County , Oklahoma , United States , and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area .


set: The Sydney Aquarium is an aquarium in Darling Harbour , Sydney .

set: Sydney Aquarium is a public aquarium located in the city of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia .


set: When it is being mixed , the condensed milk and the acidic lime juice react and make the filling become thick .

set: During mixing , a reaction between the condensed milk and the acidic lime juice occurs which causes the filling to thicken on its own without requiring baking .


set: The baking thickens the filling even more .

set: The baking also thickens the texture more than the reaction alone .


set: One version uses the egg whites and has a meringue topping .

set: The traditional Conch version uses the egg whites and has a meringue topping .


set: The dish is named after key limes ( Citrus aurantifolia ` Swingle ' ) , but it is sometimes made with other types of lime .

set: The dish is named after the small key limes ( Citrus aurantifolia ` Swingle ' ) that are naturalized throughout the Florida Keys .


set: Today , because of food safety , the pies are often baked for a short time .

set: Today , in the interest of safety due to consumption of raw eggs , pies of this nature are usually baked for a short time .


set: Many early recipes for key lime pie did not tell the cook to bake the pie because they used this reaction to make the filling thick .

set: Many early recipes for key lime pie did not instruct the cook to ever bake the pie , relying on this chemical reaction ( called souring ) to produce the proper consistency of the filling .


set: The filling in key lime pie is yellow , mostly because of the egg yolks .

set: The filling in key lime pie is also yellow , largely due to the egg yolks .


set: Stained Glass is a type of glass , which is colored using metals or paint .

set: As a material stained glass is glass that has been colored by adding metallic salts during its manufacture . The colored glass is crafted into stained glass windows in which small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures , held together ( traditionally ) by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame .


set: The speech famously begins with `` Four score and seven years ago '' , referring to the American Revolution in 1776 . Lincoln used the ceremony at Gettysburg to encourage the people to help America 's democracy , so that the `` government of the people , by the people , for the people , shall not perish ( be destroyed ) from the earth '' .

set: Beginning with the now-iconic phrase `` Four score and seven years ago , '' referring to the American Revolution of 1776 , Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States in the context of the Civil War , and used the ceremony at Gettysburg as an opportunity not only to consecrate the grounds of a cemetery , but also to exhort the listeners to ensure the survival of America 's representative democracy , that the `` government of the people , by the people , for the people , shall not perish from the earth . ''


set: So , some skeptics suggest that Lincoln did not say `` under God '' at Gettysburg .

set: Accordingly , some skeptics maintain that Lincoln did not utter the words `` under God '' at Gettysburg .


set: When Lincoln found that his fourth written copy could not be used , he wrote a fifth copy .

set: Discovering that his fourth written copy could not be used , Lincoln then wrote a fifth draft , which was accepted for the purpose requested .


set: Wills and the event committee then asked President Lincoln to join in the ceremony .

set: Wills and the event committee then invited President Lincoln to participate in the ceremony .


set: Wills was interested in how Lincoln used the ideas of birth , life , and death . Lincoln had described the nation as `` brought forth '' , `` conceived '' , and that shall not `` perish '' .

set: Wills observed Lincoln 's usage of the imagery of birth , life , and death in reference to a nation `` brought forth , '' `` conceived , '' and that shall not `` perish . ''


set: Republican newspaper printed the entire speech , calling it `` a perfect gem '' that was `` deep in feeling , compact ( simple ) in thought and expression , and tasteful and elegant in every word and comma '' .

set: Republican newspaper printed the entire speech , calling it `` a perfect gem '' that was `` deep in feeling , compact in thought and expression , and tasteful and elegant in every word and comma . ''


set: The Bliss Copy was named for Colonel Alexander Bliss , Bancroft 's stepson .

set: The Bliss Copy , named for Colonel Alexander Bliss , Bancroft 's stepson and publisher of Autograph Leaves , is the only draft to which Lincoln affixed his signature .


set: The Nicolay Copy is often called the `` first draft '' .

set: After appearing in facsimile in an article written by John Nicolay in 1894 , the Nicolay Copy was presumably among the papers passed to Hay by Nicolay 's daughter Helen upon Nicolay 's death in 1901 . Robert Lincoln began a search for the original copy in 1908 , which resulted in the discovery of a handwritten copy of the Gettysburg Address among the bound papers of John Hayâ '' a copy now known as the `` Hay Draft . ''


set: Lincoln came by train to Gettysburg on November 18 . He spent the night in Wills 's house on the Gettysburg town square .

set: Lincoln arrived by train in Gettysburg on November 18 , and spent the night as a guest in Wills ' house on the Gettysburg town square , where he put the finishing touches on the speech he had written in Washington , D.C. Contrary to a common myth , Lincoln neither completed his address while on the train nor wrote it on the back of an envelope .


set: Robert Lincoln began a search for the first copy in 1908 . He discovered a handwritten copy of the Gettysburg Address among the papers of John Hay -- a copy now known as the `` Hay Draft '' .

set: Robert Lincoln began a search for the original copy in 1908 , which resulted in the discovery of a handwritten copy of the Gettysburg Address among the bound papers of John Hayâ '' a copy now known as the `` Hay Draft . ''


set: In this 1830 speech , Webster had also described the Federal Government as `` made for the people , made by the people , and answerable to the people '' . This expression was very similar to Lincoln 's `` government of the people , by the people , for the people . ''

set: Specifically , in this January 26 , 1830 speech before the United States Senate , Webster described the federal government as : `` made for the people , made by the people , and answerable to the people , '' foreshadowing Lincoln 's `` government of the people , by the people , for the people . ''


set: William R. Rathvon is the only known eyewitness of the Gettysburg Address to have left an audio recording of what he remembered .

set: William R. Rathvon is the only known eyewitness of both Lincoln 's arrival at Gettysburg and the address itself to have left an audio recording of his recollections .


set: Lincoln was officially asked to join only 17 days before the ceremony , while Everett had received his invitation 40 days earlier . `` Although there is some evidence Lincoln expected Wills 's letter , its late date makes the author ( writer ) appear days was extraordinarily ( remarkably ) short notice for presidential participation even by nineteenth-century standards '' .

set: Lincoln received formal notice of his invitation to participate only seventeen days before the ceremony , whereas Everett had been invited 40 days earlier : `` Although there is some evidence Lincoln expected Wills 's letter , its late date makes the author appear presumptuous ... Seventeen days was extraordinarily short notice for presidential participation even by nineteenth-century standards . ''


set: It is now kept by the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections in the Carl A. Kroch Library at Cornell University .

set: It is now held by the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections in the Carl A. Kroch Library at Cornell University .


set: The only known and confirmed photograph of Lincoln at Gettysburg was taken by David Bachrach . It was identified in the Mathew Brady collection of photographic plates in 1952 .

set: The only known and confirmed photograph of Lincoln at Gettysburg , taken by photographer David Bachrach was identified in the Mathew Brady collection of photographic plates in the National Archives and Records Administration in 1952 .


set: Then , it was sold to different dealers and bought by Nicholas and Marguerite Lilly Notes . They donated it to Cornell in 1949 .

set: This copy remained in the Bancroft family for many years , was sold to various dealers and purchased by Nicholas and Marguerite Lilly Noyes , who donated the manuscript to Cornell in 1949 .


set: In this copy , like in the Nicolay Copy , the words `` under God '' are not there .

set: However , in this copy , as in the Nicolay Copy , the words `` under God '' are not present .


set: Yet at least three reporters telegraphed the words of the Gettysburg Address with the words `` under God '' included .

set: However , at least three reporters telegraphed the text of Lincoln 's speech on the day the Address was given with the words `` under God '' included .


set: The Constitution of France spoke of France as a `` gouvernement du peuple , par le peuple et pour le peuple '' ( `` government of the people , by the people , and for the people '' ) . This was a direct translation of Lincoln 's words .

set: The Constitution of France ( under the Fifth Republic established in 1958 ) states that the principle of the Republic of France is `` gouvernement du peuple , par le peuple et pour le peuple '' ( `` government of the people , by the people , and for the people , '' ) a literal translation of Lincoln 's words .


set: This version has been described as `` the most inexplicable '' of the drafts . It is sometimes referred to as the `` second draft '' .

set: This version has been described as `` the most inexplicable '' of the drafts and is sometimes referred to as the `` second draft . ''


set: Canadian politician William McDougall came as Lincoln 's guest .

set: Canadian politician William McDougall attended as Lincoln 's guest .


set: The words `` under God '' , for example , are missing in this copy from the phrase `` that this nation ( under God ) shall have a new birth of freedom ... '' If the Nicolay draft was the copy Lincoln read from , either the modern transcriptions are not correct , or Lincoln spoke differently from his written text several times .

set: The words `` under God '' , for example , are missing in this copy from the phrase `` that this nation ( under God ) shall have a new birth of freedom ... '' In order for the Nicolay draft to have been the reading copy , either the contemporary transcriptions were inaccurate , or Lincoln would have had to depart from his written text in several instances .


set: Today , this copy hangs in the Lincoln Room of the White House . It is a present from Oscar B. Cintas , who used to be a Cuban Ambassador to the United States .

set: This draft now hangs in the Lincoln Room of the White House , a gift of Oscar B. Cintas , former Cuban Ambassador to the United States .


set: Historian William E. Barton argues that :


set: In September 1863 , Pennsylvania 's Governor Curtin told Lincoln that people were turning against the war effort :

set: In September 1863 , Pennsylvania 's Governor Curtin warned Lincoln that political sentiments were turning against the war effort :


set: The Nicolay Copy appeared as a copy in an article written by Nicolay in 1894 . After that , it was thought to be among the papers passed to Hay by Nicolay 's daughter Helen when Nicolay died in 1901 .

set: After appearing in facsimile in an article written by John Nicolay in 1894 , the Nicolay Copy was presumably among the papers passed to Hay by Nicolay 's daughter Helen upon Nicolay 's death in 1901 .


set: It is the only version Lincoln put his signature on . It is also the last he is known to have written .

set: It is the only version to which Lincoln affixed his signature , and the last he is known to have written .


set: He had also served as Secretary of State , U.S. Senator , U.S. Representative , Governor of Massachusetts , president of Harvard University , and Vice Presidential candidate .

set: Wills originally planned to dedicate this new cemetery on Wednesday , October 23 , and invited Edward Everett , who had served as Secretary of State , U.S. Senator , U.S. Representative , Governor of Massachusetts , president of Harvard University , and Vice Presidential candidate , to be the main speaker .


set: Matching folds can still be seen on the two pages , suggesting it could be the copy that eyewitnesses say Lincoln took from his coat pocket and read at the ceremony .

set: Matching folds are still evident on the two pages , suggesting it could be the copy that eyewitnesses say Lincoln took from his coat pocket and read at the ceremony .


set: About 172,000 American soldiers fought in the Battle of Gettysburg from July 1 -- 3 , 1863 .

set: From July 1 â `` 3 , 1863 , 172,000 American soldiers clashed in the Battle of Gettysburg , in what would prove to be a turning point of the Civil War .


set: The Nicolay and Hay copies do not have the words `` under God '' , but they appear in the three later copies ( Everett , Bancroft , and Bliss ) .

set: The words `` under God '' do not appear in the Nicolay and Hay drafts but are included in the three later copies ( Everett , Bancroft , and Bliss ) .


set: came as a of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames '' .

set: This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice . ''


set: It is the source of most modern copies of Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address .

set: Lincoln is not known to have made any further copies of the Gettysburg Address .


set: There are many theories about where Lincoln 's expression of `` government of the people , by the people , for the people '' came from .

set: Several theories have been advanced by Lincoln scholars to explain the provenance of Lincoln 's famous phrase `` government of the people , by the people , for the people . ''


set: The speech is very important in the popular culture of the United States . However , people are not sure about the exact words of the speech .

set: Despite the speech 's prominent place in the history and popular culture of the United States , the exact wording of the speech is disputed .


set: The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address are different from one another in some details .

set: The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address differ in a number of details and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech .


set: Lincoln 's son , Robert Todd Lincoln , made Nicolay and Hay the legal guardians of Lincoln 's papers in 1874 .

set: Nicolay and Hay were appointed custodians of Lincoln 's papers by Lincoln 's son Robert Todd Lincoln in 1874 .


set: There is a story that Lincoln turned to his bodyguard Ward Hill Lamon and said that his speech `` wo n't scour ( would n't be successful ) '' .

set: In an oft-repeated legend , Lincoln is said to have turned to his bodyguard Ward Hill Lamon and remarked that his speech , like a bad plow , `` wo n't scour . ''


set: The crowd was hushed into silence because the President stood before was so Impressive !

set: The crowd was hushed into silence because the President stood before them ... It was so Impressive !


set: But the governor of Pennsylvania , Curtin , said , `` He pronounced ( said ) that speech in a voice that all the multitude ( people ) heard .

set: In contrast , Pennsylvania Governor Curtin maintained , `` He pronounced that speech in a voice that all the multitude heard .


set: The Bancroft Copy of the Gettysburg Address was written by President Lincoln in February 1864 . The famous historian George Bancroft , the `` father of American History '' , who wrote History of the United States , had asked him to write it for him .

set: The Bancroft Copy of the Gettysburg Address was written out by President Lincoln in February 1864 at the request of George Bancroft , the famed historian and former Secretary of the Navy whose comprehensive ten volume History of the United States later led him to be known as the `` father of American History . ''


set: The battlefield had more than 7,500 bodies of dead soldiers and 5,000 horses .

set: The battlefield was left with the bodies of more than 7,500 soldiers and 5,000 horses of the Army of the Potomac and the Confederacy 's Army of Northern Virginia , and the stench of rotting bodies in the humid July air was overpowering .