set: In pre-release interviews , Manson pointed out that final recording took place in a Hollywood Hills mansion that once belonged to the escape artist Harry Houdini `` because it 's got big rooms to record drums in , which I could n't really do at home . ''

set: In a brief pre-release interview with the singer in its July 20 , 2000 issue , Rolling Stone magazine pointed out that final recording took place in a Hollywood Hills mansion that once belonged to the escape artist Harry Houdini .


set: Barry Walters from Rolling Stone supported both assessment by stating that the `` The band truly rocks : Its malevolent groove fleshes out its leader 's usual complaints with an exhilarating swagger that 's the essence of rock & roll ... On Holy Wood , Manson is as ambitious , personal and heavy as he 's ever been , but the album is not , as he has proclaimed , the band 's White Album .

set: Barry Walters from Rolling Stone commented that `` The band truly rocks : Its malevolent groove fleshes out its leader 's usual complaints with an exhilarating swagger that 's the essence of rock & roll ... On Holy Wood , Manson is as ambitious , personal and heavy as he 's ever been , but the album is not , as he has proclaimed , the band 's White Album .


set: It is the band 's second rock opera , following American Idiot , and its first record to be produced by Butch Vig .

set: It is the band 's second rock opera , following American Idiot , and their first album to be produced by Butch Vig .


set: The writing and recording process was three years long . The band used four recording studios and was finished in April 2009 .

set: The writing and recording process spanned three years and four California recording studios and was finished in April 2009 .


set: The band started work on the record in January 2006 .

set: Green Day commenced work on the record in January 2006 .


set: 45 songs were written by vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong by October 2007 , but the band members did not start studio work with the producer , Butch Vig until January 2008 .

set: Forty-five songs were written by singer and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong by October 2007 , but the band members did not enter studio work with Vig until January 2008 .


set: 21st Century Breakdown is the eighth studio album by the punk rock band Green Day .

set: 21st Century Breakdown is the eighth studio album by the American punk rock band Green Day .


set: The Royal Surrey Gardens ( Surrey Music Hall ) were gardens in Kennington , London , during the Victorian period .

set: Royal Surrey Gardens were pleasure gardens in Kennington , London in the Victorian period , slightly east of The Oval . The gardens occupied about 15 a to the east side of Kennington Road , including a lake of about 3 a. It was the site of Surrey Zoological Gardens and Surrey Music Hall .


set: Professor Peter Andreas GrÃ 1\/4 nberg is a German physicist who was born on May 18 , 1939 . Professor GrÃ 1\/4 nberg won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of giant magnetoresistance which made gigabyte hard disk drives easier to produce .

set: Peter Andreas GrÃ 1\/4 nberg ( born 18 May 1939 ) is a German physicist , and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his discovery with Albert Fert of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disk drives .


set: Later he joined the Institute for Solid State Physics at the JÃ 1\/4 lich Research Centre , where he became a leading researcher of magnetism until he retired in 2004 .

set: He later joined the Institute for Solid State Physics at Forschungszentrum JÃ 1\/4 lich , where he became a leading researcher in the field of thin film and multilayer magnetism until his retirement in 2004 .


set: Then he studied at the Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany , where he received his diploma in physics in 1966 and his Ph. D. in 1969 .

set: He then attended the Darmstadt University of Technology , where he received his diploma in physics in 1966 and his Ph. D. in 1969 .


set: GMR has been used in many modern hard drives .

set: It has been used extensively in read heads of modern hard drives .


set: Another use of the GMR effect is in magnetic random access memory .

set: Another application of the GMR effect is non-volatile , magnetic random access memory .


set: GrÃ 1\/4 nberg received a diploma in 1962 from the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University .

set: GrÃ 1\/4 nberg received his intermediate diploma in 1962 from the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt .


set: GrÃ 1\/4 nberg was born in Pilsen , Bohemia , which was controlled by the Nazis . They called the country the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and it is known now as the Czech Republic .

set: GrÃ 1\/4 nberg was born in Pilsen , Bohemia , which at the time was in the Nazi-occupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( now the Czech Republic ) to the Sudeten German family of Anna and Feodor A. GrÃ 1\/4 nberg which first lived in Dysina ( DÃ 1\/2 Å ina ) to the East of Pilsen .


set: Apart from the Nobel Prize , Professor GrÃ 1\/4 nberg has been awarded with shared prizes in the APS International Prize for New Materials , the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Magnetism Award , the Hewlett-Packard Europhysics Prize , the Wolf Prize in Physics in and the 2007 Japan Prize .

set: Apart from the Nobel Prize , GrÃ 1\/4 nberg 's work also has been rewarded with shared prizes in the APS International Prize for New Materials , the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Magnetism Award , the Hewlett-Packard Europhysics Prize , the Wolf Prize in Physics and the 2007 Japan Prize .


set: Daniel Sanabria ( born 2 February 1977 ) is a former Paraguayan football player .

set: Daniel Horacio Sanabria Gueyraud ( born February 8 , 1977 ) is a Paraguayan football defender .


set: The prefrontal cortex is a part of the brain that helps to control behavior .

set: It is also widely believed that the size and number of connections in the prefrontal cortex relates directly to sentience , as the prefrontal cortex in humans occupies a far larger percentage of the brain than any other animal . And it is theorized that as the brain has tripled in size over 5 million years of human evolution , the prefrontal cortex has increased in size sixfold .


set: The Slovak Wikipedia ( In Slovak : SlovenskÃ WikipÃ dia ) is the Slovak-language edition of Wikipedia .

set: The Slovak Wikipedia ( SlovenskÃ WikipÃ dia ) is the edition of Wikipedia in the Slovak language .


set: It was created by id Software and published by Apogee Software .


set: Wolfenstein 3D was one of the first first person shooter games .

set: Spear of Destiny , a prequel to Wolfenstein 3D , was released a short time after the original game , using the same engine . A first person shooter called Rise of the Triad was going to be the sequel to Wolfenstein 3D , but the idea was postponed , and the game took off in a different direction .


set: The game was based on the 1980s Muse Software computer games Castle Wolfenstein and Beyond Castle Wolfenstein .

set: Released on May 5 , 1992 for MS-DOS , the game was inspired by the 1980s Muse Software computer games Castle Wolfenstein and Beyond Castle Wolfenstein .


set: The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade ( 1209 â `` 1229 ) was a 20-year military campaign . It was initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the Cathar heresy in Languedoc .

set: The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade ( 1209 â `` 1229 ) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by the Catholic Church to eliminate the Cathar heresy in Languedoc .


set: The Crusade was prosecuted by the French and resulted in a reduction in the number of practicing Cathars . It also resulted in a realignment of Occitania , bringing it into the sphere of the French crown .

set: The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French and promptly took on a political flavor , resulting in not only a significant reduction in the number of practicing Cathars but also a realignment of Occitania , bringing it into the sphere of the French crown and diminishing the distinct regional culture and high level of Aragonese influence .


set: Hennie Meijer ( born 17 February 1962 ) is a former Dutch football player .

set: Hennie Meijer ( born 17 February 1962 ) is a retired Dutch football player .


set: The family gets its name from Yellow Fever virus , a type virus of Flaviviridae ; flavus means `` yellow '' in Latin .

set: The family gets its name from Yellow Fever virus , a type virus of Flaviviridae ; flavus means yellow in Latin .


set: He was the 1983 Nascar Winston Cup champion . He is on the list of the 50 greatest NASCAR drivers .

set: Robert Arthur Allison ( born December 3 , 1937 ) is a former NASCAR Winston Cup driver and was named one of NASCAR 's 50 greatest drivers .


set: Morbio Inferiore is a municipality of the canton of Ticino in the country of Switzerland in the hills above Chiasso .

set: Morbio Inferiore is a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland in the hills above Chiasso .


set: On November 2 , 1889 , North Dakota ( and South Dakota ) became part of the United States .

set: North Dakota was carved out of the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with South Dakota .


set: North Dakota is south of Manitoba and Saskatchewan , east of Montana , north of South Dakota , and west of Minnesota . Manitoba and Saskatchewan are provinces - part of Canada .

set: The state shares the Red River of the North with Minnesota on the east ; South Dakota is to the south , Montana is to the west , and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba are north .


set: North Dakota was one of the last US states to be settled .

set: North Dakota sits essentially in the middle of North America , and in fact a stone marker in Rugby , North Dakota , identifies itself as being the `` Geographic Center of the North American Continent '' . With 70762 s , North Dakota is the 19th largest state .


set: BÃ thonsart is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: BÃ thonsart is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


set: Aesop 's Fables or Aesopica refers to a collection of fables credited to Aesop .

set: Scholars speculate that `` there probably existed in the fifth century ( BC ) a written book containing various fables of Aesop , set in a biographical framework . '' We do not know who authored such a book or what it said about Aesop , but by the time of Classical Greece Aesop and the fables attributed to him seem to have been widely known .


set: This village has different religions including Hinduism , Christianity and Islam .

set: People in the village belong to various religions including Hinduism and Christianity .


set: Integrated Services Digital Network is an international standard for a communication network . It is often shortened to ISDN .

set: Integrated Services Digital Network ( ISDN ) is a set of communications standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice , video , data , and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network .


set: The data channels are completely independent , and can be used independently . The usual setup has two such data channels .

set: B channels are used for data ( which may include voice ) , and D channels are intended for signaling and control ( but can also be used for data ) .


set: ISDN offers a number of services , which use the telephone line to transport data .

set: Prior to ISDN , the phone system was viewed as a way to transport voice , with some special services available for data . The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines , adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system .


set: With ISDN , this view changes . ISDN offers a number of services , which use the telephone line to transport data .

set: ISDN is designed to provide access to voice and data services simultaneously .


set: Meanwhile , features that were first available with ISDN ( such as Three-Way Call , Call Forwarding , Caller ID , etc. ) are now commonly available for ordinary analog phones as well , eliminating this advantage of ISDN . Another advantage of ISDN was the possibility of multiple simultaneous calls ( one call per B channel ) , e.g. for big families , but with the increased popularity and reduced prices of mobile telephony this has become less interesting as well , making ISDN unappealing to the private customer .


set: After playing major-junior he played in the ECHL and American Hockey League before returning to his hometown of Thunder Bay to play for the Lakehead Thunderwolves .

set: He then went on to play for in the ECHL and American Hockey League before returning to his hometown of Thunder Bay to play for the Lakehead Thunderwolves .


set: Sadie Frost ( born 19 June 1965 ) is an English actress . She currently runs the fashion label Frost French .

set: Sadie Frost ( born 19 June 1965 ) is an English actress , who currently runs fashion label Frost French and has designed the kitchens for a new development in the East End of London .


set: In 2004 , she wrote and presented a short lived series What Sadie did next ... for E4 . In 2005 , she appeared in Eating with ... Sadie Frost on BBC2 .

set: In 2004 , she wrote , presented and produced a short lived series What Sadie did next ... for E4 , and in 2005 appeared in Eating with ... Sadie Frost on BBC2 .


set: She won a scholarship to the Italia Conti Academy . But after an early eating disorder , she gave up acting at 13 .

set: She attained a scholarship to the Italia Conti Academy , but after an early eating disorder , she gave up acting at 13 and attended Hampstead School .


set: Frost and Kemp were married for 5 years . They divorced on 19 August 1995 .

set: Frost and Kemp were married for 5 years and separated for 2 ; they divorced on 19 August 1995 .


set: Sadie starred in a Jelly Tots advertisement at the age of 3 .

set: Sadie appeared in a Jelly Tots advertisement at age 3 and appeared with Morecambe and Wise at age 5 .


set: She met Jude Law when they were both working on the film Shopping .

set: She met Jude Law during the work on the film Shopping .


set: For the midnight Christmas meal of 1870 , Choron proposed a menu mostly of the best parts of the animals kept in the Jardin d'acclimatation ( one of Paris ' zoos ) -- stuffed head of donkey , elephant consommÃ , roasted camel , kangaroo stew , bear shanks roasted in pepper sauce , wolf in deer sauce , cat with rat , and antelope in truffle sauce -- has become legendary .

set: For the midnight Christmas meal of 1870 , Choron proposed a menu principally composed of the best parts of the animals kept in the Jardin d'acclimatation ( one of Paris ' zoos ) -- stuffed head of donkey , elephant consommÃ , roasted camel , kangaroo stew , bear shanks roasted in pepper sauce , wolf in deer sauce , cat with rat , and antelope in truffle sauce -- has become legendary .


set: Alexandre Ã tienne Choron ( 1837 , Caen , -- 1924 ) was a French chef .

set: Alexandre Ã tienne Choron ( 1837 , Caen , Calvados -- 1924 ) was a French chef .


set: After the elephant at the Jardin d'acclimatation were used at the Christmas table , the two elephants ( Castor and Pollux ) at the Paris ' jardin zoologique were consumed on December 31 , 1870 at Voisin .

set: After the elephant at the Jardin d'acclimatation graced the Christmas table , the two elephants ( Castor and Pollux ) at the Paris ' jardin zoologique were consumed on December 31 , 1870 at Voisin .


set: Choron is also remembered for the food he served during the Siege of Paris by the Prussians in which began on September 19 , 1870 .

set: Choron is also remembered for his dishes served during the Siege of Paris by the Prussians in which began on September 19 , 1870 .


set: As chef de cuisine of the celebrated restaurant Voisin on the rue Saint HonorÃ , Choron is best known for his invention of Choron sauce , a bÃ arnaise sauce enriched with tomato concentrate .

set: As chef de cuisine of the celebrated restaurant Voisin on the rue Saint HonorÃ , Choron is best known for his invention of Choron sauce , a sauce bÃ arnaise enriched with tomato concentrate before reduction .


set: She had several printing ads and commercials such as : `` Mary Kate and Ashley Online Clothing '' , `` Every Girl '' , `` Stand Up '' , and `` Bratz-Pretty 'n' Punk & Treasures '' .

set: She landed several print ads and television commercials , including Mary Kate & Ashley Online Clothing , Every Girl , Stand Up , and Bratz Pretty 'n' Punk & Treasures .


set: Nicole had won a scholarship to the Barbizon modeling school in Atlanta , Georgia at the age of 13 .

set: Anderson was awarded a scholarship to Georgia 's Barbizon modeling school at the age of 15 .


set: The Luna Moth ( Actias luna ) is a species of moth .

set: Actias luna , commonly known as the Luna Moth , is a lime-green , Nearctic Saturniid moth in the subfamily Saturniinae .


set: Saint-Hilaire-du-Maine is a commune of 664 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

set: Saint-Hilaire-du-Maine is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


set: is a song from John Lennon 's 1971 album Imagine , where he attacks his former Beatles songwriting partner and close friend Paul McCartney .

set: is a song from John Lennon 's 1971 album Imagine , which is an attack aimed at his former Beatles songwriting partner and close friend Paul McCartney .


set: The song has a slide guitar part played by George Harrison .

set: The song features a slide guitar part played by George Harrison .


set: Santana do ParaÃ so is a Brazilian city in the Vale do AÃ o metropolitan area , state of Minas Gerais .

set: Santana do ParaÃ so is a Brazilian municipality situated in the state of Minas Gerais which was founded in 1992 . It forms part of the Vale do AÃ o metropolitan area .


set: The Treaty of Amritsar marked the beginning of Dogra rule in Kashmir , which was to end in 1948 after the rebellion of the Muslim tribal militia .

set: The Treaty of Amritsar marked the beginning of Dogra rule in Kashmir , which was to end in 1948 after an attack by the Pakistani army which led to Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 .


set: The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16 , 1846 to settle a dispute over territory in Kashmir after the First Sikh War with the United Kingdom .

set: The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16 , 1846 , to settle a dispute over territory in Kashmir after the First Sikh War with the United Kingdom , ceding some land to Maharaja Gulab Singh Dogra .


set: The 1978 FIFA World Cup was a football ( soccer ) sporting event that was held in Argentina in 1978 . Argentina won the trophy after beating Holland 3 - 1 in the final .

set: The 1978 World Cup was won by Argentina who beat the Netherlands 3 -- 1 after extra time in the final .


set: O Canada is the national anthem of Canada .

set: The next year , Pearson put to the House of Commons a motion that `` the government be authorized to take such steps as may be necessary to provide that ' O Canada ' shall be the National Anthem of Canada while ` God Save the Queen ' shall be the Royal Anthem of Canada , '' of which parliament approved .


set: PojorÃ cents ta is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania .

set: PojorÃ cents ta is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .


set: Thiago Motta ( born 28 August 1982 ) is a Brazilian football player . He plays for Internazionale Milano .

set: Thiago Motta Santon Olivares ( born 28 August 1982 ) is a Brazilian-born Italian footballer who plays for F.C. Internazionale Milano in Serie A , as a central midfielder .


set: Lurcy is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .


set: Attin is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: Attin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France .


set: The former county now forms part of the districts of South Lakeland and Eden .

set: The former administrative county now forms part of the districts of South Lakeland and Eden .


set: The historic county borders are with Cumberland to the north , County Durham and Yorkshire to the east , and Lancashire to the south and west .

set: The historic county boundaries are with Cumberland to the north , County Durham and Yorkshire to the east , and Lancashire to the south and west .


set: In 1974 , under the Local Government Act 1972 , the county was abolished and its former area was combined with Cumberland and parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire to form the new county of Cumbria .

set: In 1974 , under the Local Government Act 1972 , the county council was abolished and its former area was combined with Cumberland and parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire to form the new county of Cumbria , administered by a new Cumbria County Council .


set: Westmorland ( an older spelling is Westmoreland , an even older spelling is Westmerland ) is an area of north west England and one of the 39 historic counties of England .

set: Westmorland ( ; formerly also spelt Westmoreland , an even older spelling is Westmerland or Westmereland ) is an area of North West England and one of the 39 historic counties of England .


set: It was an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 and now is part of Cumbria .

set: It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 , after which the entirety of the county was absorbed into the new county of Cumbria .


set: According to the 1971 census , Westmorland was the second least administrative county with people in England , after Rutland .

set: According to the 1971 census , Westmorland was the second least populated administrative county in England , after Rutland .


set: 1968 was the first year that the International Olympic Committee let East and West Germany enter separately , and the first time the IOC ever ordered drug and gender testing of the athletes .

set: The year 1968 marked the first time the IOC first permitted East and West Germany to enter separately , and the first time the IOC ever ordered drug and gender testing of competitors .


set: The games have been credited with making the Winter Olympics more popular in the United States , largely because of ABC 's coverage of Fleming and Killy , who became very popular among teenage girls .

set: The games have been credited with making the Winter Olympics more popular in the United States , not least of which because of ABC 's extensive coverage of Fleming and Killy , who became overnight sensations among teenage girls .


set: The 1968 Winter Olympics , officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games , were celebrated in 1968 Grenoble , France and opened on February 6 .

set: The 1968 Winter Olympics , officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games , were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1968 in Grenoble , France and opened on February 6 .


set: , known in Japan as Mawaru Made in Wario is a video game for Game Boy Advance by Nintendo .


set: comes with a gyro sensor . The cartridge is a lot larger than in most Game Boy Advance games .

set: The cartridge utilizes a gyro sensor and players must spin and twist in order to play the games .


set: His start as poet Heine made with Gedichte ( `` Poems '' ) in 1821 .


set: Then Heine started to study laws at the universities of GÃ ttingen , Bonn and at the Humboldt University of Berlin , but he was more interested in literature than in laws .

set: After a year at Bonn , Heine left to continue his law studies at the University of GÃ ttingen .


set: Christian Johann Heinrich Heine ( born as Harry Heine December 13 , 1797 â `` died February 17 , 1856 ) was one of the most significant German poets of the 19th century .

set: Christian Johann Heinrich Heine ( 13 December 1797 â `` 17 February 1856 ) was one of the most significant German poets of the 19th century .


set: Heine himself said , his conversion was `` the ticket of admission into European culture '' .

set: As Heine said in self-justification , his conversion was `` the ticket of admission into European culture '' .


set: After his father 's business failed , Heine was sent to Hamburg . His uncle in Hamburg was a very successful banker , so Heine started learning his business , but he droped it later on .

set: The most successful member of the Heine family was his uncle Salomon , who was a millionaire banker in Hamburg .


set: Heine was born into an assimilated Jewish family in DÃ 1\/4 sseldorf , Germany .

set: In 1814 Heine went to a business school in DÃ 1\/4 sseldorf where he learned to read English , the commercial language of the time .


set: Savoonga is a city in Nome Census Area , Alaska , one of two on St Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea . As of the 2000 census , Savoonga 's population was 643 .


set: Eye of GNOME is the official image viewer for the GNOME desktop environment .

set: Eye of GNOME ( EOG ) is the official image viewer for the GNOME desktop environment .


set: Unlike some other image viewers , Eye of GNOME will only view images .

set: Unlike some other image viewers , Eye of GNOME will only display images .


set: It came with new album art , which features a green toned background instead of the original 's gray toned background .

set: In the United States , the album 's artwork features a green toned background instead of the original 's gray toned background .


set: Rihanna did a worldwide concert tour on September 15 , three months after the release of the album .

set: Rihanna embarked on a worldwide concert tour , The Good Girl Gone Bad Tour , on September 15 , 2007 , three months after the release of the album .


set: In the UK , the background is a white-gray toned background instead of the green .

set: In the United Kingdom , the background is a white-gray toned background instead of the green .


set: The new version of the album was released in most countries on June 17 , but the CD version was released on June 2 in the UK ( with the DVD version following on June 16 ) and on June 21 in Australia .

set: The revamped version of the album was released in most countries on June 17 , but the album version was released on June 2 , 2008 , in the UK ( with the DVD version following on June 16 ) and on June 21 in Australia .


set: It included eleven shows across the country with Akon . The tour later went through United States and Europe without Akon .

set: The first leg began in Canada , consisting of eleven shows across the country with Akon , and it later passed ( without Akon ) through United States , Europe , Oceania , Africa and Asia .


set: Saint-Pierre-Canivet is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

set: Saint-Pierre-Canivet is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


set: Shin Kanazawa ( born 9 September 1983 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Omiya Ardija .

set: Shin Kanazawa is a Japanese football player currently playing for Omiya Ardija .


set: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl was born on the 15 September 1911 in Frankfurt on Oder , Germany .

set: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl was born on 15 September 1911 in Frankfurt on Oder , Germany .


set: He died on the 21 August 1970 in Dortmund , Germany .

set: He died on the 21 August 1970 in Dortmund .


set: He was chosen to be an officer and sent to the SS officer school , the SS-Junkerschule at Bad TÃ lz , in 1934 .

set: He was selected to become an officer and posted to the SS-Junkerschule at Bad TÃ lz in the class of 1934 .


set: The SS Regiment Germania was used as the start of the new SS Division , 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland and Karl was given command of the 11th SS Panzer Artillery Regiment being awarded the German Cross in Gold in August 1944 , and then the Knight 's Cross in December 1944 .

set: The SS Regiment Germania was used as the basis for the new SS Division , 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland and Karl was given command of the 11th SS Panzer Artillery Regiment , being awarded the German Cross in Gold in August 1944 , followed by the Knight 's Cross in December 1944 .


set: Who was given the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross , which was given to for great combat bravery or good military command by Nazi Germany during World War II .

set: Who was awarded the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross , which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by Nazi Germany during World War II .


set: He was one of the first people to join the SS ( SS service number 101 983 ) and the NSDAP ( party number 1591713 ) .

set: He was one of the early volunteers for the SS ( SS service number 101 983 ) and the NSDAP ( party number 1591713 ) .


set: During World War II he was awarded the Iron Cross medal 1st and 2nd level during the Battle of France in 1940 as part of the 13th Company , SS Infantry Regiment called Germania which was armed with small caliber artillery guns .

set: During World War II he was awarded the Iron Cross I & II class during the Battle of France in 1940 as part of the 13th Company , SS Infantry Regiment Germania , which was armed with small caliber Artillery guns .


set: Karl lived after the war and for ten years was a captive of the Russians from 1945 to 1955 .

set: Karl survived the war and ten years as a captive of the Russians from 1945 to 1955 .


set: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl was a StandartenfÃ 1\/4 hrer in the Waffen SS during World War II .

set: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl was a StandartenfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( Colonel ) in the Waffen SS during World War II .


set: Elias LÃ nnrot was a man who collected these poems and made a book of them . Kalevala has been translated into many languages .

set: The Kalevala Day is celebrated in Finland on the 28 February , to match Elias LÃ nnrot 's first version of The Kalevala in 1835 .


set: The Land of Kalevala is the land of Heroes .

set: She has many daughters whom the heroes of Kalevala make many attempts ( some successful ) at seducing . Louhi plays a major part in the battle to prevent the heroes of Kalevala from stealing back the Sampo which as a result is ultimately destroyed .


set: Kalevala has been translated into many languages . There is also an English Kalevala .

set: This new Kalevala contains fifty poems , and is the standard text of The Kalevala read and translated to this day .


set: However , the place names in Kalevala seem to transfer the Kalevala further south , which has been interpreted as reflecting the Finnic settlement expansion from the South that came to push the Samis further to the north . Some scholars locate the lands of Kalevala to East Karelia , where most of the Kalevala stories were written down .


set: The most important heroes are VÃ inÃ mÃ inen , Ilmarinen , LemminkÃ inen and Kullervo . The enemies of heroes are Louhi and Joukahainen .

set: Louhi at one point saves VÃ inÃ mÃ inen 's life .


set: To make space for more farms , large areas of forest were cut down , taking away its living space .

set: To make space for more agricultural land , large areas of forest were cut down , taking away its habitat .


set: The colorful feathers ( green body , yellow head , and red around the bill ) were in demand as decorations in ladies ' hats , and the birds were kept as pets .

set: The bird 's colorful feathers ( green body , yellow head , and red around the bill ) were in demand as decorations in ladies ' hats .


set: Even though the birds were bred easily in captivity , little was done to make sure enough birds were bred to avoid their dying out .

set: The birds were also kept as pets and could be bred easily in captivity .


set: The Carolina Parakeet is an extinct species of parrot .

set: The extinction of the Carolina Parakeet represents the irrevocable loss of eastern North America 's only truly indigenous parrot . However , populations of a South American parrot species , Myiopsitta monacha , the Monk Parakeet , or Quaker Parrot , began to breed in the same region from the 1960s onwards .


set: This was the male bird called `` Incas , '' who died within a year of his mate `` Lady Jane . ''

set: This was the male specimen `` Incas , '' who died within a year of his mate `` Lady Jane . ''


set: The last wild Carolina Parakete was killed in Okeechobee County in Florida in 1904 , and the last bird kept by people died at the Cincinnati Zoo in 1918 .

set: The last wild specimen was killed in Okeechobee County , Florida , in 1904 , and the last captive bird died at the Cincinnati Zoo on February 21 , 1918 .


set: The Carolina Parakeet died out for a number of reasons .

set: The Carolina Parakeet died out because of a number of different threats .


set: Ollezy is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

set: Ollezy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


set: In the United States , there is a kind of spaghetti called `` Alvaro 's spaghetti '' which is served with alfredo sauce . In some countries , like United States or Canada , meatballs are often in the spaghetti sauce .

set: Canned spaghetti , kits for making spaghetti , and spaghetti with meatballs became popular , and the dish has become a staple in the U.S.


set: It comes from Italian spaghetto , which means `` string , twine '' .

set: Spaghetti is the plural form of the Italian word spaghetto , which is a diminutive of spago , meaning `` thin string '' or `` twine '' .


set: -- ADD IT BACK WHEN FINDING THE REFERENCES The manner of eating spaghetti varies according to local customs , but it is traditionally eaten by twisting the spaghetti around a fork .


set: The Three Choirs Festival is a festival of classical music which is held every year in August . The choirs from three cathedrals take part in many of the concerts .

set: The Three Choirs Festival is a music festival held each August alternately at the cathedrals of the Three Counties ( Hereford , Gloucester and Worcester ) and originally featuring their three choirs , which remain central to the week-long program .


set: This key is not used much in orchestral music , and usually only to modulate . It is used in some keyboard pieces and has been most popular in Russian pieces .

set: Despite the key rarely being used in orchestral music other than to modulate , it is encountered in a small fraction of keyboard music , and has been most popular in Russian pieces .


set: The second movement to Gustav Mahler 's Eighth Symphony has a long orchestral and choral introduction in E-flat minor .

set: The second movement to Gustav Mahler 's Eighth Symphony has an extended orchestral and choral introduction in E-flat minor .


set: If piano music in this key must be arranged for orchestra , some people recommend transposing it into D minor or E minor .

set: For orchestration of piano music , some theorists recommend transposing to D minor or E minor .


set: These pieces are noted for being dark and mysterious , a mood this key has . This mood is shown even in the later jazz music '' ` Round Midnight '' and `` Take Five '' , which are also in the key .

set: These pieces are noted for being dark and mysterious ( a characteristic of this key ) , as shown even in the later jazz compositions '' ` Round Midnight '' and `` Take Five '' , which are also in the key .


set: A few other Soviet composers also wrote symphonies in this key , such as Eshpai , Janis Ivanovs ( fourth symphony Atlantis , 1941 ) , Ovchinnikov and Myaskovsky .

set: A few other less well-known Soviet composers also wrote symphonies in this key , such as Eshpai , Janis Ivanovs ( fourth symphony Atlantis , 1941 ) , Ovchinnikov and Myaskovsky .


set: The Battle of Iwo Jima was the American capture of island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese during the Pacific Campaign of World War II . The USA need to capture Iwo Jima to be able to capture Japan if they needed to .

set: The capture of Iwo Jima would eliminate these problems and provide a staging area for the eventual invasion of the Japanese mainland .


set: The Battle of Iwo Jima was the American capture of island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese during the Pacific Campaign of World War II .

set: The Battle of Iwo Jima ( 19 Februaryâ `` 26 March 1945 ) , or Operation Detachment , was a battle in which the United States fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Empire of Japan . The U.S. invasion , charged with the mission of capturing the three airfields on Iwo Jima , resulted in some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign of World War II .


set: This category is for surnames coming from Slavic peoples , i.e. , peoples who speak Slavic languages .

set: This category is for surnames originated among Slavic peoples , i.e. , peoples who speak Slavic languages .


set: Often the beginnings of these surnames are difficult to know for sure because their cultures have common origins and a lot of influence on each other .

set: Often the origins of these surnames is difficult to pinpoint , since the three cultures have common origins and heavy mutual influence .


set: Later she was rumored to have dated a younger Lu Siyuan before the relationship ended in 2003 .

set: Later she was rumored to have dated a younger John Kim before the relationship ended in 2003 .


set: She is wife of Nicholas Tse and daughter-in-law of Patrick Tse and Deborah Lee .

set: She is the wife of Nicholas Tse , thus being the daughter-in-law of Patrick Tse ( è è cents ) and Deborah Lee ( ç æ cents æ ) . She and Nicholas have two sons , Lucas and Quintus Tse .


set: A March episode of Entertainment Scoop ( æ å 1\/4 è æ ) said that their child is due in August .

set: Around March 2007 on the episode of TVB 's Entertainment Scoop ( æ å 1\/4 è æ ) it was said that their child , a baby boy , is due in August .


set: Cheung and Tse were first reported to be `` getting back together '' in early 2006 and on July 31 that year , Tse officially admitted dating Cheung in an interview with Commercial Radio Hong Kong 881\/903 .

set: Cheung and Tse were first reported to be `` getting back together '' in early 2006 and on 31 July 2006 , Tse officially admitted dating Cheung in an interview with Commercial Radio Hong Kong 881\/903 .


set: In January and February 2008 many explicit photos were found online involving Cecilia Cheung and Edison Chen .

set: In January and February 2008 , many explicit photos were found online involving Cecilia Cheung and Edison Chen .


set: Her role in Fly Me to Polaris got her the award for Best Newcomer at the Hong Kong Film Awards .

set: The latter role earned her the award for Best Newcomer at the Hong Kong Film Awards .


set: She then dated Nicholas Tse in early 2002 , but they split up late that year .

set: She then dated Nicholas Tse in early 2002 , but then split with Tse late that year when Tse got back with his ex-girlfriend , singer Faye Wong .


set: In 1998 , while helping a hair stylist friend at a catwalk show , she was offered to appear in a TV CM advertising lemon tea .

set: Her career began in 1998 , when she was offered to appear in a TV commercial advertising lemon tea .


set: Cheung suffered serious depression and eating disorder after the break up .

set: Cheung suffered serious depression and eating disorders after the break-up with Tse .


set: Cheung has been linked to Hong Kong singer-actor Edison Chen and has also dated another Hong Kong singer-actor Daniel Chan .

set: Cheung has been linked to Hong Kong male singers such as Daniel Chan and Jordan Chan .


set: On 8 January 2007 episode of TVB 's Entertainment Scoop ( æ å 1\/4 è æ ) , Cheung was publicly confirmed by Nicholas ' father , Patrick Tse to be approximately three months pregnant with the couple 's first child .

set: On the 8 January 2007 episode of TVB 's Entertainment Scoop ( æ å 1\/4 è æ ) , Nicholas ' father , Patrick Tse , confirmed that Cheung was approximately three months pregnant with the couple 's first child .


set: In the same year , Cheung launched her singing career with her first C-pop album Any Weather .

set: In the same year , Cheung launched her singing career with her first Cantopop album Any Weather ( 1999 ) .


set: Later , Cheung made her movie debut as a young nightclub hostess in Stephen Chow 's King of Comedy in 1999 , followed soon after by Fly Me to Polaris .

set: Later , Cheung made her film debut as a young nightclub hostess in Stephen Chow 's King of Comedy ( 1999 ) , followed soon after by Fly Me to Polaris ( 1999 ) .


set: Orion is one of the largest constellations in the sky .

set: It is one of the most conspicuous , and most recognizable constellations in the night sky . Its name refers to Orion , a hunter in Greek mythology .


set: Orion includes the prominent asterism known as the Belt of Orion : three bright stars in a row .


set: This includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA .

set: The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA\/RNA .


set: The term genome can be applied specifically to mean the complete set of nuclear DNA ( the ` nuclear genome ' ) but can also be used of organelles that contain their own DNA , as with the mitochondrial genome or the chloroplast genome .

set: The term genome can be applied specifically to mean that stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA ( i.e. , the `` nuclear genome '' ) but can also be applied to that stored within organelles that contain their own DNA , as with the `` mitochondrial genome '' or the `` chloroplast genome '' .


set: The genome of an organism is the whole of its hereditary information encoded in its DNA ( or , for some viruses , RNA ) .

set: In modern molecular biology and genetics , the genome is the entirety of an organism 's hereditary information . It is encoded either in DNA or , for many types of virus , in RNA .


set: Note : The DNA from a single human cell has a length of ~ 1.8 m ( but at a width of ~ 2.4 nanometers ) .

set: Note : The DNA from a single ( diploid ) human cell if the 46 chromosomes were connected end-to-end and straightened , would have a length of ~ 2 m and a width of ~ 2.4 nanometers .


set: Ska is a kind of popular music from Jamaica that was developed in the 1950s . Ska music played at a slower tempo turned into reggae in the late 1960s .

set: Ska ( , Jamaican ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s , and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae .


set: The lead singer of the group is Armen Grigoryan ( Ð Ñ Ð 1\/4 Ð Ð 1\/2 Ð `` Ñ Ð Ð Ð 3\/4 Ñ Ñ Ð 1\/2 ) .

set: The groupâ s front man ( and main song writer ) is Armen Grigoryan ( Ð Ñ Ð 1\/4 Ð Ð 1\/2 Ð `` Ñ Ð Ð Ð 3\/4 Ñ Ñ Ð 1\/2 ) .


set: Krematorij ( Russian : Ð Ñ Ð Ð 1\/4 Ð Ñ Ð 3\/4 Ñ Ð Ð ) is a Russian rock band .

set: Krematorij ( Ð Ñ Ð Ð 1\/4 Ð Ñ Ð 3\/4 Ñ Ð Ð - `` Crematory '' ) is a Russian rock group .


set: NordstrÃ m is not well-known in his own home country , but what he has done is known well in other countries . Some Finnish authors call NordstrÃ m as Finnish Einstein .

set: This can be seen from NordstrÃ m 's public admiration of Einstein 's work , as demonstrated by the two occasions on which NordstrÃ m nominated Einstein for the Nobel prize in physics for his theory of relativity .


set: He is best known for his theory of gravitation , which was a competitor of Albert Einstein 's general relativity .

set: The theory for which NordstrÃ m was arguably most famous in his own lifetime , his theory of gravitation , was for a long time considered as a competitor to Einstein 's theory of general relativity which was published in 1915 , after NordstrÃ m 's theory .


set: Gunnar NordstrÃ m ( 12 March 1881 , Helsinki -- 24 December 1923 , Helsinki ) was a Finnish physicist . He is best known for his theory of gravitation , which was a competitor of Albert Einstein 's general relativity .

set: Gunnar NordstrÃ m ( 12 March 1881 , Helsinki -- 24 December 1923 , Helsinki ) was a Finnish theoretical physicist best remembered for his theory of gravitation , which was an early competitor of general relativity .


set: In 1914 , NordstrÃ m added a space dimension to his theory . This described gravity and electromagnetism at the same time .

set: In 1914 NordstrÃ m introduced an additional space dimension to his theory , which provided coupling to electromagnetism .


set: Some people think he is the father of the other smurfs , because in English he 's called `` Papa Smurf '' .

set: Papa Smurf is a male fictional character from the Smurfs .


set: While Papa Smurf would sometimes prefer not to have to constantly fix problems , he came to realize it was his calling . One time he said that because he may not be able to be the village leader forever , every Smurf should have a brief experience of commanding the village , which was signified by him handing over his signature red hat and having the designated Smurf wear it and direct others on a construction project .


set: He is the leader of all the other smurfs .

set: He serves as the Smurfs ' leader and as a paternal figure to whom the Smurfs usually go to when they require counsel .


set: Toulis-et-Attencourt is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

set: Toulis-et-Attencourt is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


set: All of the nominees are published in a book called The Rhysling Anthology , and members of the Association then vote on the final winners .

set: The nominated works are then compiled into an anthology called The Rhysling Anthology , and members of the Association then vote on the final winners .


set: Two awards are given : `` Best Long Poem '' , for poetry of 50 or more lines , and `` Best Short Poem '' , for works of 49 or fewer lines .

set: The award is given in two categories : `` Best Long Poem '' , for works of 50 or more lines , and `` Best Short Poem '' , for works of 49 or fewer lines .


set: The Rhysling Awards are a prize given each year for the best poem from science fiction , fantasy , or horror .

set: The Rhysling Awards are an annual award given for the best science fiction , fantasy , or horror poem of the year .


set: The members of the Science Fiction Poetry Association ( SFPA ) choose several possible winners ( nominees ) for each year 's Rhysling Awards .

set: The nominees for each year 's Rhysling Awards are chosen by the members of the Science Fiction Poetry Association ( SFPA ) .


set: Most awards for writing are named for the creator of the award , the subject of the award , or an important person . The Rhyslings are named for a character in a science fiction story : the blind poet Rhysling , in Robert A. Heinlein 's short story The Green Hills of Earth .

set: Unlike most literary awards , which are named for the creator of the award , the subject of the award , or a noted member of the field , the Rhyslings are named for a character in a science fiction story : the blind poet Rhysling , in Robert A. Heinlein 's short story The Green Hills of Earth .


set: As of May 2003 , 200000 LinEx CDs had been distributed free by local newspapers , and 70000 copies of the operating system had been downloaded from the web site .

set: 200,000 LinEx CDs have been distributed for free by local newspapers and 70,000 copies of the operating system have been downloaded from the website as of May 2003 .


set: It consists of three user profiles , each for a cycle of primary .


set: About 10 % of the inhabitants of Extremadura might use LinEx .

set: About 10 % of the inhabitants of Extremadura are estimated to use LinEx .


set: It is promoted and created by the regional government of Extremadura , Spain , gnuLinEx is intended to be used in all schools in Extremadura , as well as in government offices .

set: An initiative of the regional government of Extremadura , Spain , gnuLinEx is intended to be used in all schools in Extremadura , as well as in official institutions .


set: Dobryanka was founded in 1623 and became a town in 1943 . It is one of the oldest settlements of Perm Krai .

set: Dobryanka is considered to be one of the oldest inhabited localities of Perm Krai .


set: However , while ground nutrients are needed for a tree 's growth the majority of its biomass comes from carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere ( see photosynthesis ) .

set: However , while ground nutrients are essential to a tree 's growth the majority of its biomass comes from carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere ( see photosynthesis ) .


set: It is also only possible for trees which are solid to the center of the tree ; many very old trees become hollow as the dead heartwood decays away .

set: It is also only possible for trees that are solid to the center . Many very old trees become hollow as the dead heartwood decays .


set: Even though that is true , most people and construction professionals do not realize how easily a tree can be killed .

set: However , lay people and construction professionals are seldom cognizant of how easily a tree can be killed .


set: Even though that is true , no precise differentiation between shrubs and trees is possible .

set: However , no precise differentiation between shrubs and trees is possible .


set: As a result , protocols ( standard ways ) for tree management prior to , during and after construction activities are well established , tested and refined ( changed ) .

set: As a result , protocols for tree management prior to , during and after construction activities are well established , tested and refined .


set: For young or small trees with minimal crowns ( and trunks less than 4 inches in diameter ) a TPZ equal to 1 foot for every inch of trunk diameter may be good enough .

set: For young or small trees with minimal crowns ( and trunks less than 4 i in diameter ) a TPZ equal to 1 f for every inch of trunk diameter may suffice .


set: The oldest reported age for an angiosperm tree is 2293 years for the Sri Maha Bodhi Sacred Fig ( Ficus religiosa ) planted in 288 BC at Anuradhapura , Sri Lanka ; this is said to be the oldest human-planted tree with a known planting date .

set: The oldest reported age for an angiosperm tree is 2293 years for the Sri Maha Bodhi Sacred Fig ( Ficus religiosa ) planted in 288 BC at Anuradhapura , Sri Lanka . This is also the oldest human-planted tree with a known planting date .


set: Biotic sources would include insects which might bore into the tree , deer which might rub bark off the trunk , or fungi , which might attach themselves to the tree .

set: Biotic sources include insects that bore into the tree , deer that rub bark off , and fungi .


set: The oldest known European Yew is the Llangernyw Yew in the Churchyard of Llangernyw village in North Wales which is estimated to be between 4,000 and 5,000 years old .

set: The oldest known European Yew is the Llangernyw Yew in the Churchyard of Llangernyw village in North Wales , which is estimated to be between 4,000 and 5,000 years old .


set: Not all trees have all the plant organs or parts as mentioned above .

set: Not all trees have all the plant organs or parts mentioned above .


set: Trees show many growth forms , leaf type and shape , bark traits and organs .

set: Trees show a variety of growth forms , leaf type and shape , bark characteristics and reproductive organs .


set: The oldest trees are determined by growth rings , which can be seen if the tree is cut down or in cores taken from the edge to the center of the tree .

set: The oldest trees are determined by growth rings , which can be seen if the tree is cut down , or in cores taken from the bark to the center of the tree .


set: As an exogenous ( growing from outside ) tree grows , it creates growth rings as new wood is laid down concentrically over the old wood .

set: As an exogenous tree grows , it creates growth rings as new wood is laid down concentrically over the old wood .


set: A plant form that is similar to a tree , but generally having smaller , multiple trunks and\/or branches that arise near the ground , is called a shrub ( or a bush ) .

set: A plant form that is similar to a tree , but generally having smaller , multiple trunks and\/or branches that arise near the ground , is called a shrub .


set: Both can take a lot of some types of damage and survive , but even small amounts of certain types of trauma can result in death .

set: Both can withstand massive amounts of some types of damage and survive , but even small amounts of certain types of trauma can result in death .


set: For mature to fully mature trees , the accepted TPZ comprises a 1.5-foot clearance for every 1 inch diameter of trunk .

set: For mature to fully mature trees , the accepted TPZ comprises a 1.5 f set-off for every 1 i diameter of trunk .


set: Tree stems are mainly made of support and transport tissues ( xylem and phloem ) .

set: Tree stems consist mainly of support and transport tissues ( xylem and phloem ) .


set: The two major ( big ) sources of tree damage are biotic ( from living sources ) and abiotic ( from non-living sources ) .

set: The two sources of tree damage are either biotic ( from living sources ) or abiotic ( from non-living sources ) .


set: Most tree species grow in tropical parts of the world and many of these areas have not been surveyed yet by botanists ( they study plants ) , making species difference and ranges not well understood .

set: The majority of tree species grow in tropical regions of the world and many of these areas have not been surveyed yet by botanists , making species diversity and ranges poorly understood .


set: The roots of a tree are generally down in earth , providing anchorage for the above-ground biomass and absorbing ( taking in ) water and nutrients from the soil .

set: The roots of a tree are generally embedded in earth , providing anchorage for the above-ground biomass and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil .


set: That means for a 3 inch tree , the TPZ would extend 3 feet in all directions from the base of the trunk at ground level .

set: That means for a 3 i tree , the TPZ would extend 3 f in all directions from the base of the trunk at ground level .


set: The process of finding the danger a tree presents is based on a process called the Quantified Tree Risk Assessment .

set: Evaluating the danger a tree presents is based on a process called the Quantified Tree Risk Assessment .


set:
A very young tree is called a sapling .
A young tree is called a sapling .


set: Some trees develop multiple trunks ( whether from an individual tree or multiple trees ) which grow together .

set: An additional problem lies in instances where multiple trunks ( whether from an individual tree or multiple trees ) grow together .


set: White proposes a method of estimating the age of large and veteran trees in the United Kingdom through the correlation between a tree 's stem diameter , growth character and age .

set: White ( 1998 ) proposes a method of estimating the age of large and veteran trees in the United Kingdom through the correlation between a tree 's stem diameter , growth character and age .


set: The tree form has changed separately in classes of plants that are not related , in response to similar problems ( for the tree ) .

set: The tree form has evolved separately in unrelated classes of plants , in response to similar environmental challenges , making it a classic example of parallel evolution .


set: A common mistake ( wrong thing ) is that trees get most of their mass from the ground .

set: A common misconception is that trees get most of their mass from the ground .


set: Hazard trees are trees which due to disease or other factors are more susceptible to falling during windstorms , or having parts of the tree fall .

set: Hazard trees are trees that , due to disease or other factors , are more susceptible to falling in windstorms , or having parts of the tree fall .


set: Various organizations have long recognized the importance of construction activities that impact tree health .

set: Various organizations , such as the International Society of Arboriculture , the British Standards Institute and the National Arborist Association ( about 2007 renamed the Tree Industry Association ) , have long recognized the importance of construction activities that impact tree health .


set: In many trees , the order of the branches makes exposure of the leaves to sunlight better .

set: In many trees , the arrangement of the branches optimizes exposure of the leaves to sunlight .


set: A tree is a plant form that can be found in many different orders and families of plants .

set: A tree is a plant form that occurs in many different orders and families of plants .


set: That means for a 10 inch tree , the TPZ would extend 15 feet in all directions from the base of the trunk at ground level .

set: That means for a 10 i tree , the TPZ would extend 15 f in all directions from the base of the trunk at ground level .


set: For some of these species , age estimates have been made on the basis of extrapolating current growth rates , but the results are usually little better than guesses or wild speculation .

set: For some of these species , age estimates have been made on the basis of extrapolating current growth rates , but the results are usually largely speculation .


set: Correct determination is only possible for trees which make growth rings , generally those which occur in seasonal climates ; trees in uniform non-seasonal tropical climates are always growing and do not have distinct growth rings .

set: Accurate determination is only possible for trees that produce growth rings , generally those in seasonal climates . Trees in uniform non-seasonal tropical climates grow continuously and do not have distinct growth rings .


set: Port St. Joe is the county seat of Gulf County , Florida in the United States .

set: Port St. Joe became the county seat of Gulf County in 1965 .


set: The international avoirdupois pound is equal to exactly 453.59237 grams .

set: An avoirdupois pound is equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces and to exactly 7,000 grains . The conversion factor between the kilogram and the international pound was therefore chosen to be divisible by 7 , and an ( international ) grain is thus equal to exactly


set: Edward N. `` Ed '' Rappaport , Ph. D. is the acting director of the National Hurricane Center .

set: Edward N. `` Ed '' Rappaport , Ph. D. was the acting director of the National Hurricane Center .


set: Kaolinite is a clay mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5 ( OH ) .

set: Kaolinite is a clay mineral , part of the group of industrial minerals , with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5 ( OH ) 4 .


set: Waasmunster is a municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders .

set: Waasmunster is a municipality located in the Flemish province of East Flanders , in Belgium .


set: Capron is a town of Virginia in the United States .

set: Capron is a town in Southampton County , Virginia , United States .


set: RÃ villon is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

set: RÃ villon is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


set: Olaf Thon ( born 1 May 1966 ) is a former German football player .

set: Olaf Thon ( born 1 May 1966 in Gelsenkirchen ) is a retired German footballer , and a current coach .


set: Eustress is positive or good stress , opposite to distress .

set: When attached to the word stress , it literally means `` good stress '' . The term eustress was first used by endocrinologist Hans Selye in 1975 , when he published a model dividing stress into two major categories : eustress and distress .


set: Villeret is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


set: Bricqueville is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

set: Bricqueville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


set: The East Division of the National Hockey League existed from 1967 , when the NHL was made up of a single division , until 1974 when the league changed its format into two conferences of two divisions each .

set: The East Division of the National Hockey League existed from 1967 until 1974 when the league realigned into two conferences of two divisions each .


set: He was the great-grandson of BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h who founded the religion known as the BahÃ ' Ã Faith .

set: During his leadership the BahÃ ' Ã religion developed into a global faith .


set: After BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h died , Shoghi Effendi 's grandfather , ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã lead the BahÃ ' Ã s. ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã died , he left a `` will and testament '' that said that Shoghi Effendi was the `` Guardian '' , and that his job was to guard and lead the BahÃ ' Ã Faith .

set: Born in ` AkkÃ in March 1897 , Shoghi Effendi was related to the BÃ b through his father , MÃ rzÃ HÃ dÃ ShÃ rÃ zÃ , and to BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h through his mother , á Ã yÃ ' Ã yyih KhÃ num , the eldest daughter of ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã . From the early years of his life , Shoghi Effendi was greatly influenced by ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã , who provided much of his initial training .


set: ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's will said that only Shoghi Effendi could interpret ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's or BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h 's books and letters .

set: He also was concerned with matters dealing with BahÃ ' Ã belief and practice â '' as Guardian he was empowered to interpret the writings of BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h and ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã , and these were authoritative and binding , as specified in ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's will . His leadership style was however , quite different than that of ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã , in that he signed his letters to the BahÃ ' Ã s as `` your true brother '' , and he did not refer to his own personal role , but instead to the institution of the guardianship .


set: After BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h died , Shoghi Effendi 's grandfather , ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã lead the BahÃ ' Ã s. ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã died , he left a `` will and testament '' that said that Shoghi Effendi was the `` Guardian '' , and that his job was to guard and lead the BahÃ ' Ã Faith . ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's will said that only Shoghi Effendi could interpret ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's or BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h 's books and letters .

set: ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's Will and Testament is considered one of the three charters of the BahÃ ' Ã administrative order , and in it ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã laid down the authority of the Guardian and the Universal House of Justice , the elected governing body of the BahÃ ' Ã Faith that had been written about by BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h , and had not yet been established :


set: ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's will said that only Shoghi Effendi could interpret ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's or BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h 's books and letters . This was to prevent different people from splitting the religion up because they thought BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h or ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã meant different things , the way many other religions have split up .

set: Other branches of BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h 's family had already been declared Covenant-breakers in ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã 's Will and Testament .


set: Odense is the third largest city in Denmark with about 146,000 inhabitants and the capital of the island of Funen ( Danish : Fyn ) .

set: The city of Odense is the third largest city in Denmark . Odense city has a population of 166,305 ( As of 2010 ) and is the main city of the island of Funen .


set: Baldwin was chosen as they could deliver the engine -- built mainly from standard parts -- more quickly than British builders , who had a backlog of orders , caused by a national engineering dispute from July 1897 to January 1898 .

set: Baldwin was selected as they could deliver the loco -- based largely on standard components -- more quickly than domestic suppliers , who had a backlog of orders , caused by a national engineering dispute over the 8 hour working day resulting in a lock-out by employers from July 1897 and January 1898 .


set: The remaining track was lifted by June 1936 , and in September , Lew was shipped to South America - probably Brazil .

set: The remaining track was lifted by June 1936 , and in September , surviving loco Lew was shipped to Brazil .


set: These were supplemented by a 2-4-2T , Lyn , built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia , USA , as the company realized that three engines would not be enough .

set: These were supplemented by a 2-4-2T , Lyn , built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia , USA , as the Company realized that three locos would be insufficient .


set: The Trust owns three industrial diesel engines . One of these - Heddon Hall - is some times used in place of the steam engines , and for engineering trains .

set: The Trust owns three industrial diesel locomotives , one of which - Heddon Hall - is often used in support of Axe , and for engineering trains .


set: This was extended in 2006 and a year later , plans were announced to open nine miles ( 14 km ) of track , linking the station at Woody Bay to both Lynton and Blackmoor Gate , and eventually to a new station at Wistlandpound Reservoir .

set: This was extended in 2006 ; and the following year plans were announced to open nine miles ( 14 km ) of track , linking the station at Woody Bay to both Lynton ( at a new terminus on an extension to the original line , closer to the town ) and Blackmoor Gate , and to a new station at Wistlandpound Reservoir .


set: Starting at 15 f above sea level , The first 3 +3 \/ 4 m , through Barnstaple , and along the Yeo Valley stays nearly level .

set: Starting at 15 f above sea level , The first 3 +3 \/ 4 m , through Barnstaple , and along the Yeo Valley stays relatively level .


set: Chelfham and Woody Bay are both owned by the new L&B .

set: Chelfham and Woody Bay both serve the new L&B .


set: The engine headlamps which had been black were re-painted red .

set: The loco headlamps which had been black under the L&B were re-painted red .


set: The journey of nearly twenty miles normally took about one and a half hours .

set: The journey of nearly twenty miles took on average an hour and a half .


set: The Lynton & Barnstaple Railway Association was created in 1979 . A short section of the line opened again in 2004 .

set: The Lynton & Barnstaple Railway Association was formed in 1979 ; and a short section was reopened to passengers in 2004 .


set: The Southern Railway introduced several new goods wagons , and also bought two ex-War Department traveling cranes for the line .

set: The Southern Railway introduced several new items of goods stock , and also purchased two ex-War Department traveling cranes for the line .


set: The Lynton & Barnstaple Railway Association ( since 2000 , a charity ) was formed in 1979 .

set: The Lynton & Barnstaple Railway Association ( since 2000 , a charitable trust ) was formed in 1979 .


set: Restored to working order in 2008 , Axe now pulls most of the passenger trains at Woody Bay .

set: Restored to working order in 2008 , Axe now works most passenger trains at Woody Bay .


set: Coach 15 , recovered from Snapper Halt in 1959 and rebuilt by the Ffestiniog Railway in North Wales , has been running there ( now as FR Coach 14 ) for longer than it did on the L&B .

set: Coach 15 , recovered from Snapper Halt in 1959 and restored by the Ffestiniog Railway in North Wales , has been running there ( now as FR Coach 14 ) for longer than it did on the L&B .


set: It is thought that it was left behind by James Nuttall , because of the financial problems and legalcase between the railway and the builder .

set: It is believed to have been left behind by James Nuttall , as a result of the financial problems and litigation between railway and contractor .


set: Although there has been some minor building on parts of the route , and Wistlandpound Reservoir has flooded the track bed close to its middle , much is still in open countryside , with many sections identifiable .

set: Although there has been minor development on parts of the route , and Wistlandpound Reservoir has flooded the track bed close to its mid-point , much is still in open countryside , with many sections identifiable .


set: Almost 70 years later , the design was used as the basis for a new set of carriages built by the Ffestiniog Railway , suggesting how good the original design was .

set: Almost 70 years later , the design was used as the basis for a new rake of carriages built by the Ffestiniog - testament to the excellence of the original design .


set: Unusually , some of the temporary track was wider than the final gauge - the section around Parracombe Bank for example , crossing the Heddon valley , was built to gauge , with an engine known as Winnie .

set: Unusually , some of the temporary track was wider than the final gauge - the section around Parracombe Bank for example , spanning the Heddon valley , was built to gauge , with a locomotive known as Winnie .


set: Slightly longer than the earlier coaches , it had both smoking and non-smoking compartments for first and third class passengers , as well as the brake van space .

set: Marginally longer than the earlier coaches , it contained both smoking and non-smoking accommodation for first and third class passengers , as well as the brake van space .


set: Coach 7 and Coach 17 are being rebuilt .

set: Coach 7 and Coach 17 are under restoration off-site .


set: The railway ordered three 2-6-2Ts from Manning Wardle & Co of Leeds .

set: In 1896 , the Hunslet Engine Company submitted two designs ( a 2-4-2T and a 4-4-0T ) , but eventually an order was placed for three 2-6-2Ts from Manning Wardle & Co of Leeds .


set: After it was built by Baldwin , the engine was shipped across the Atlantic in parts , and re-assembled at Pilton by railway staff .

set: After construction by Baldwin , the loco was shipped across the Atlantic in parts , and re-assembled at Pilton by railway staff .


set: The Lynton & Barnstaple Railway Bill was passed on 27 June 1895 , and the line was officially opened on 11 May 1898 . Public services started on 16 May .

set: The Lynton & Barnstaple Railway Bill was passed on 27 June 1895 , and the line opened on 11 May 1898 with public service commencing on 16 May , connecting with trains from Waterloo on the Ilfracombe Branch Line at Barnstaple Town .


set: Third class seats became garden furniture , and first class seats were used in local public halls .

set: Third class seats became garden furniture , and first class seats found their way into local snooker halls and Masonic Lodges .


set: This work was completed by July 1936 and in September , Lew was moved by rail to Swansea and then shipped to South America where Lew just disappeared .

set: This work was completed by July 1936 and in September , Lew was moved by rail to Swansea and loaded onto the S.S. Sabor destined for the port of Pernambuco ( since renamed Recife ) , Brazil . Most of the relevant shipping records were destroyed in World War II , Lew then just disappeared and despite several attempts , no trace of the locomotive , or evidence of its fate , has so far been found .


set: A number of other visiting diesel and steam engines have also seen service on the line .

set: A number of other visiting diesel and steam locomotives have also seen service on the line .


set: The engines were named after local rivers : Yeo , Exe , and Taw .

set: The locos were named after local rivers : Yeo , Exe , and Taw .


set: A slight down-gradient follows , about 2 mm long , towards Parracombe Bank , and the start of another climb , about 2 +1 \/ 2 m , to Woody Bay -- at 1000 f , the highest railway station in southern England .

set: A shallower down-gradient follows , of about 2 m , towards Parracombe Bank , and the start of another climb , of about 2 +1 \/ 2 m , to Woody Bay -- at 1000 f , the highest railway station in southern England .


set: Most of the carriages and wagons , and every engine apart from Lew , were scrapped at Pilton .

set: Most rolling stock , and every loco except for Lew , was scrapped at Pilton .


set: An 0-4-0 engine built by Maffei of Germany in 1925 , now named Sid , is owned by several L&B members , and is also sometimes used on the L&B steam service .

set: An 0-4-0WT Maffei named Sid , owned by several L&B members , is also used on the L&B steam service .


set: The Southern Railway removed everything they could use on other lines , and by 8 November , they had lifted the track from Lynton to the Barnstaple side of Woody Bay station .

set: The Southern removed everything they could use elsewhere , and by 8 November , had lifted the track from Lynton to milepost 15 â `` - on the Barnstaple side of Woody Bay station .


set: Collard Bridge marks the start of an 8 m climb , mainly at one in fifty ( 2 % ) , to Blackmoor Gate .

set: Collard Bridge marks the start of an 8 m climb , mainly at one in fifty , to Blackmoor Gate .


set: The traveling cranes were bought from the War Department , and were fitted with outriggers , they could lift up to 4 Â 1\/2 tons . They were intended to be used as recovery cranes if there3 was a derailment , but they were not used much .

set: The traveling cranes were ex-WD stock , and fitted with outriggers , rated at 3 tons with a fifteen-foot radius , 4 Â 1\/2 tons at 11 f Intended as recovery cranes in the event of a derailment , neither saw much use .


set: The painting was simplified as each vehicle was repainted .

set: The schemes were simplified as individual vehicles were repainted .


set: Despite many cost-saving changes , and extra money being spent on the line , the Southern Railway was still unable to make money , so they closed the line .

set: Despite numerous cost-saving measures and extra investment in the line , the Southern Railway was unable to reverse the trend , and closed the line .


set: More than seventy-five years after it closed , much of the line can still be seen .

set: Some seventy-five years after its closure , much of the line is still in evidence .


set: Snapper Halt was purchased in 2010 by Exmoor Associates - a private company dedicated to securing trackbed for restoring the railway .

set: Snapper Halt was purchased in 2010 by Exmoor Associates - a private company dedicated to securing trackbed for the restoration of the railway .


set: Although much of the track bed survives intact , several obstacles -- including Wistlandpound Reservoir -- must be overcome to restore most of the old route .

set: Although much of the track bed survives intact , several obstacles -- including Wistlandpound Reservoir -- must be overcome if the greater part of the route is to be restored , fulfilling the hopes expressed in a card left at Barnstaple on the day after the line closed -- Perchance it is not dead , but sleepeth ...


set: A fifth engine , Lew was bought in 1925 , with a few improvements to the original Manning Wardle design .

set: A fifth locomotive , Lew was purchased in 1925 , with improvements to the original Manning Wardle design .


set: This was extended to over a mile in 2006 , with steam and diesel trains running between Woody Bay and the new , temporary station at Killington Lane Station .

set: This was extended to over a mile in 2006 , with steam and diesel-hauled trains running between Woody Bay and the new , temporary terminus at Killington Lane .


set: The stations and track bed were sold in 1938 .

set: The stations and track bed were auctioned in 1938 .


set: The Manning Wardles were delivered before the dispute , and Yeo and Taw were used to help build the line .

set: The Manning Wardles were delivered ahead of the lock-out , and Yeo and Taw were used in the final stages of construction .


set: A fifth engine - perhaps named Spondon - may also have been used , although little is known of either of these .

set: A fifth locomotive - perhaps named Spondon - may also have been used , although little is known of either of these .


set: To make things worse , to satisfy several powerful local people , Lynton station was built quite a long way from the town itself , and from the cliff railway to Lynmouth .

set: To satisfy several influential residents , the terminus at Lynton was some distance from the town itself , and from the cliff railway to Lynmouth .


set: In 1923 the L&B became part of the Southern Railway , and began an upgrade program .

set: In 1923 the L&B was absorbed into the Southern Railway , and began an upgrade program .


set: A `` Joffre '' class 0-6-0 steam engine built by Kerr Stuart in 1915 was bought in 1983 , and named Axe .

set: A 1915 Kerr Stuart `` Joffre '' class 0-6-0T loco was bought in 1983 , and named Axe .


set: The stations at Lynton and Bratton Fleming are now private homes , Blackmoor Gate is a restaurant and Barnstaple Town is a school .

set: The stations at Lynton and Bratton Fleming are now private residences , Blackmoor Gate is a restaurant and Barnstaple Town a school .


set: One crane was kept at Pilton , the other was used in Lynton goods yard .

set: One crane , with its match truck , was kept in the long headshunt at Pilton , the other was put to use in Lynton goods yard .


set: These were of comprised six different types , all the same size , being 39 f long , 6 f wide , ( 7 f over steps ) and 8 f high -- large by narrow gauge standards -- and certainly better than any earlier British narrow gauge stock .

set: Ltd. , these comprised six different types , all the same size , being 39 f long , 6 f wide , ( 7 f over steps ) and 8 f high -- large by narrow gauge standards -- and certainly superior to any previous British narrow gauge stock .


set: On 13 November a sale was held , but the railway did not attract much interest .

set: On 13 November an auction was held , although the railway failed to attract much interest .


set: Unlike other railways , the track bed was sold off in many pieces - often to the original owners , who paid much less than they had sold it for originally .

set: Unlike the Welsh Highland Railway , the track bed was sold off piecemeal - often reverting to the original owners , paying much less than they had sold it for originally .


set: The body for coach 17 was built in 1911 by a local firm , Shapland and Petter , and fitted to a steel underframe made by the railway at Pilton .

set: The body for coach 17 was built in 1911 , by local firm Shapland and Petter , and mounted on a steel underframe constructed by the railway in its own workshops at Pilton .


set: The line then falls , again mostly at one in fifty - to Lynton & Lynmouth station , still 700 f above the sea , and hidden by the landscape from the town of Lynton .

set: The line then falls , again mostly at one in fifty ( 2 % ) - to Lynton & Lynmouth station , still 700 f above the sea , and hidden by the landscape from the town of Lynton .


set: Although bought at the auction by December 1935 , Lew was working for Sidney Castle , the dismantler of the railway .

set: Although bought at the auction ( it is believed by Barwicks of London ) by December 1935 , Lew was working for Sidney Castle , the dismantler of the railway .


set: Most of the original rail vehicles did not survive , but Van 23 is on display at Woody Bay .

set: Little original rolling stock survives , but Van 23 is on display at Woody Bay .


set: Chelfham station is used for storage , and Woody Bay is the main center of operations .

set: Chelfham station is used for volunteer accommodation , while Woody Bay is the main center of operations .


set: The coaching stock was very solidly made , and offered levels of accommodation far better that any others at the time - certainly compared to any other narrow gauge railway .

set: The coaching stock was extremely solidly constructed , and offered levels of accommodation far in advance of anything else at the time - certainly compared to any other narrow gauge railway .


set: The L&B was taken over by the Southern Railway in 1923 , and finally closed in September 1935 .

set: In 1922 the L&B was taken over by the Southern Railway , and eventually closed in September 1935 .


set: The railway believes that the scheme will generate over Â # 70 million for the south west economy within five years .

set: The railway 's management predicts the scheme will generate over Â # 70 million for the south west economy within five years .


set: Exmoor Enterprise is likely to cost around Â # 30 million , including the building of replica vehicles and improving the line as an important local tourist attraction .

set: Exmoor Enterprise is likely to cost around Â # 30 million , including the building of replica rolling stock and improving the line as an important local tourist attraction .


set: In September 2010 , Coach 15 visited the L&B with the Lew replica engine , Lyd .

set: In September 2010 , Coach 15 visited the L&B with the Lew replica loco , Lyd .


set: The most spectacular is Bridge 22 - the brick-built Chelfham Viaduct , which was fully restored in 2000 .

set: The most spectacular edifice is Bridge 22 - the brick-built Chelfham Viaduct .


set: One of the most obvious features of the L&B was its rail vehicles , with the engines appearing first in a plain lined Holly green color , later on a black base , with chestnut under-frames , pulling passenger carriages colored terra-cotta with cream upper panels , and light gray goods wagons .

set: One of the most distinctive aspects of the L&B was its rolling stock , with the locomotives appearing originally in a livery of plain lined Holly green , later on a black base , with chestnut under-frames , hauling passenger carriages colored terracotta with off-white upper panels , and light gray goods wagons .


set: The L&B used only coal-fired steam engines .

set: The L&B used only coal-fired steam motive power .


set: The L&B had a very good safety record , and no members of the public were killed or injured , although accidents at Braunton Road and Chumhill did take the lives of three workers .

set: The L&B had an exemplary safety record , and no members of the public were killed or injured during its 37-year existence , although accidents at Braunton Road and Chumhill did claim the lives of three track workers .


set: Coach 2 was sold and used as a summer house . It is now on show at the National Railway Museum in York , with nameplates from the original engines .

set: Coach 2 , used as a summer house , is on display ( unrestored ) at the National Railway Museum York along with the nameplates of the original locos .


set: Woody Bay Station was bought by the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway Company in 1995 and , after much effort , a short section of railway reopened to passengers in 2004 .

set: Woody Bay Station was purchased by the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway Company in 1995 and , after much effort , a short section of railway reopened to passengers in 2004 .


set: This plan was supported by Sir George Newnes who became chairman of the company .

set: This scheme was supported by Sir George Newnes who became chairman of the company .


set: Its eight 42 f wide arches reach 70 f above the Stoke Rivers valley -- the largest narrow-gauge railway structure in England .

set: Fully restored in 2000 , its eight 42 f wide arches reach 70 f above the Stoke Rivers valley -- the largest narrow-gauge railway structure in England .


set: Straussâ s operetta Die Fledermaus ( â The Batâ ) has been performed more than any other operetta . In Spain the Zarzuela was a kind of operetta .

set: His third operetta , Die Fledermaus ( 1874 ) , became the most performed operetta in the world , and remains his most popular stage work .


set: Seohyun ( born on June 28 , 1991 in Seoul as Seo Joo-Hyun ì ì # 1\/4 í ) is a South Korean K-pop singer and entertainer as a member of the girl group Girls ' Generation .

set: Seohyun ( ; born on June 28 , 1991 in Seoul as Seo Joo-Hyun ì ì # 1\/4 í ) is a South Korean K-pop singer and entertainer as a member of the girl group Girls ' Generation .


set: In 1750 , two brothers called Plott left Germany to live in America .

set: Johannes Plott left his native Germany and came to this country in 1750 .


set: G.P. Ferguson , a neighbor of the Plott family in North Carolina in those days , was a major influence on the Plott breed . He made a careful study of the Blevins hounds and the Cable hounds of that era .


set: One brother , Jonathon Plott , settled in North Carolina with his five dogs .

set: Plott and his family settled in the mountains of western North Carolina .


set: Heart and Souls is a 1993 fantasy\/comedy film about the souls of four deceased people who are trapped on earth and can only be seen by a single living human being who is recruited to help them take care of their unfinished business .


set: He has been the leader of the Victorian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia since May 2006 and Premier of Victoria since 2 December 2010 after the Liberal\/Nationals Coalition defeated the Brumby-led Australian Labor Party government with 45 seats to 43 in the Legislative Assembly .

set: He has been the leader of the Victorian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia since May 2006 and Premier of Victoria since 2 December 2010 after the Liberal\/Nationals Coalition defeated the Brumby-led Labor Party government with 45 seats to 43 in the Legislative Assembly .


set: The middle finger ( also called `` the bird '' , `` the fickle finger of fate '' , `` the curse finger '' , or `` the finger '' is a common insulting hand signal in some countries .

set: The middle finger ( also the long finger , and usually the longest finger ) is the third digit of the human hand , located between the index finger and the ring finger .


set: As cities grew during the bronze age , a class of professional craftsmen appeared .

set: As cities grew during the Bronze Age , a class of professional craftsmen , like bricklayers and carpenters , appeared .


set: Stuffed toys are made in many different shapes and sizes . They often look like animals or cartoon characters .

set: Stuffed toys are made in many different forms , often resembling animals , legendary creatures , cartoon characters or inanimate objects .


set: They are often given as gifts for birthdays or holidays such as Valentine 's Day .

set: They are often used as comfort objects , for display or collecting and given as gifts , such as for graduation , Valentine 's Day or birthdays .


set: Alex Song ( born 9 September 1987 ) is a Cameroonian football player . He plays for Arsenal and Cameroon national team .

set: Alex Dimitri Song Billong ( born 9 September 1987 ) , more commonly known as Alex Song , is a Cameroonian footballer who plays for English Premier League side Arsenal and the Cameroon national team as a midfielder .


set: St. Donatus is a city of Iowa in the United States .

set: St. Donatus is a city in Jackson County , Iowa , United States .


set: Richlawn is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

set: Richlawn is a city in eastern Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States .


set: A Booby prize is a prize of low value or a joke prize . It is sometimes given for a terrible performance or last-place finish .

set: A booby prize is a joke prize usually given in recognition of a terrible performance or last-place finish .


set: Booby prizes are sometimes humorously and jokingly seen as an object of pride as being noticed for doing something special - losing or coming in last-place .

set: Booby prizes are sometimes humorously and jokingly coveted as an object of pride .


set: Any material that can not be grown must be mined .

set: Any material that can not be grown through agricultural processes , or created artificially in a laboratory or factory , is usually mined .


set: Mining things from the ground is called extraction .

set: These are , oil and gas extraction , coal mining , metal ore mining , nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying , and support activities for mining . Out of all these categories , oil and gas extraction remains one of the largest in terms of its global economic importance .


set: This is called underground mining . Some mining , such as gold mining , is done in other ways .

set: These are , oil and gas extraction , coal mining , metal ore mining , nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying , and support activities for mining .


set: JuvignÃ is a commune of 1 340 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

set: JuvignÃ is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


set: It most commonly manifests in the appearance of individuals within a group whose behavior ( and sometimes anatomy -- body shape and function ) is modified for group defense , including self-sacrifice ( altruism ) .

set: It can manifest in the appearance of individuals within a group whose behavior ( and sometimes anatomy ) is modified for group defense , including self-sacrificing ( `` altruism '' ) .


set: Sisters are more related to each other than to any offspring they might have .

set: Sisters are more related to each other than to their offspring .


set: This model does not require that individuals are highly related , though high relatedness will reduce expected levels of resistance to manipulation .

set: This model does not require that individuals be highly related , though high relatedness will reduce expected levels of resistance to manipulation .


set: Even though workers often do not reproduce , they are potentially passing on more of their genes by caring for sisters than they would by having their own offspring .

set: Even though workers often do not reproduce , they are potentially passing on more of their genes by caring for sisters than they would by having their own offspring ( each of which would only have 50 % of their genes ) .


set: On average , two supersisters have 75 percent of the same genes .

set: This mechanism of sex determination gives rise to what W. D. Hamilton first termed `` supersisters '' who share 75 per cent of their genes on average . Sterile workers are more closely related to their supersisters than to any offspring they might have , if they were to breed themselves .


set: Reeve and Holldobler have put forward a theory of a superorganism . They elaborate this model further , by also looking at competition and co-operation between groups as well as within groups .

set: Reeve and Holldobler 's version of superorganism theory further elaborates this model by considering competition and co-operation between groups as well as within groups .


set: If the theory of inclusive fitness is applied , ants will evolve eusociality more easily . Haplodiploidy makes kin selection easier .

set: According to inclusive fitness theory , eusociality may be easier for species like ants to evolve , due to their haplodiploidy , which facilitates the operation of kin selection .


set: In a hymenopteran colony with one breeder ( queen ) and many workers as described above , the evolutionarily stable state is for each individual to invest entirely in helping the group . This leads to a perfect `` superorganism '' .

set: In a hymenopteran colony with one breeder ( queen ) and many workers as described above , the evolutionarily stable state is for each individual to invest entirely in helping the group , leading to a perfect `` superorganism '' , which implies the stability of eusociality in this case .


set: Eusociality with biologically sterile individuals represents the most extreme form of kin altruism .

set: Eusociality with biologically sterile individuals represents the most extreme form of kin selection .


set: However , they further demonstrate that any group of relatives may show high `` superorganismness '' , provided that there are many groups competing for the same resources .

set: However , they further show that any group of relatives may show high `` superorganismness '' , provided that there are many groups competing for the same resources .


set: Similarly , eusociality has been found among some crustaceans and other arthropods .

set: Similarly , eusociality has arisen among some crustaceans and other arthropods .


set: Darwin thought that the resolution to the paradox would lie in the close family relationship .

set: Darwin anticipated that a possible resolution to the paradox might lie in the close family relationship , but specific theories ( e.g. kin selection or inclusive fitness ) had to wait for the discovery of the mechanisms for genetic inheritance .


set: The term `` eusocial '' was introduced in 1966 by Suzanne Batra .

set: The term `` eusocial '' was introduced in 1966 by Suzanne Batra and given a more definitive meaning by E. O. Wilson .


set: In 2009 , there were only two known mammal species with this form of organization , the naked mole rat and the Damaraland mole rat .

set: The only mammalian examples are the naked mole rat and the Damaraland mole rat .


set: They can show this result , even without considering between-group interactions .

set: This is implied even without considering between-group interactions .


set: Theories of parental manipulation point out that the transition from solitary to eusocial appears to involve some stages where dominance interactions are required to suppress the reproductive tendencies of group members ; that is , females are manipulated into acting as workers , even if it is against their own self-interest .

set: Theories of parental manipulation point out that the transition from solitary to eusocial appears to involve intermediate stages where dominance interactions are required to suppress the reproductive tendencies of group members ; that is , females are manipulated into acting as workers , even if it is against their own self-interest .


set: Indeed , a non-zero level of inter-group co-operation is predicted , even if the group members are entirely unrelated , as long as there is competition between groups .

set: Indeed , a non-zero level of intra-group co-operation is predicted , even if the group members are entirely unrelated , as long as there is competition between groups .


set: In their model , an individual 's inclusive fitness varies depending on how much it invests in within-group competition ( e.g. hoarding a private food cache ) versus between-group competition ( e.g. contributing to common foraging ) ; and on its relatedness to the other group members .

set: In this case , an individual 's inclusive fitness varies depending on how much it invests in within-group competition ( e.g. hoarding a private food cache ) versus between-group competition ( e.g. contributing to common foraging ) ; and on its relatedness to the other group members .


set: On some tropical reefs , several species of minute Synalpheus pistol shrimp that depend on certain sponges for the survival of their colony , live eusocially , with a single breeding female and a preponderance of male defenders , armed with enlarged snapping claws .

set: On some tropical reefs several species of minute Synalpheus pistol shrimp , that depend on certain sponges for the survival of their colony , live eusocially with a single breeding female and a preponderance of male defenders , armed with enlarged snapping claws .


set: A narrower definition specifies the requirement for irreversibly distinct behavioral groups or castes ( with respect to sterility and\/or other features ) . The newer definition excludes all social vertebrates ( including mole rats ) , because they do not have distinct castes that are different .

set: A narrower definition specifies the requirement for irreversibly distinct behavioral groups or castes ( with respect to sterility and\/or other features ) , and such a definition excludes all social vertebrates ( including mole rats ) , none of which have irreversible castes .


set: From the selfish gene 's point-of-view , it is better to raise more sisters .

set: From the `` selfish gene 's '' point-of-view , it is advantageous to raise more sisters .


set: Andrew Zachary Fire ( born April 27 , 1959 in Palo Alto , California ) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine .

set: Andrew Zachary Fire ( born April 27 , 1959 ) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine .


set: He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of RNA interference .

set: He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine , along with Craig C. Mello , for the discovery of RNA interference ( RNAi ) .


set: After 25 years she became maid in the house of the composer Ruth Crawford Seeger and Charles Seeger .

set: The child was Penny Seeger , and the mother was composer Ruth Crawford Seeger . Soon after this , Elizabeth again began working as a maid , caring for Ruth Crawford Seeger and Charles Seeger 's children , Mike , Peggy , Barbara , and Penny .


set: She was the youngest of five children of a musical family .

set: Elizabeth was the youngest of five children .


set: At the age of seven she started playing her older brothers banjo .

set: At age seven , Cotten began to play her older brother 's banjo . By eight years old , she was playing songs .


set: At the age of 15 she worked as maid along with her mother . Soon after her 15th birthday she married Frank Cotten .

set: Soon after at age 15 , she was married to Frank Cotten .


set: They had a daughter named Lillie and Libba gave up music for church and child .

set: The couple had a daughter named Lillie , and soon after young Elizabeth gave up guitar playing for family and church .


set: She was born as Elizabeth Nevills in Carrboro , North Carolina .

set: Elizabeth Nevills was born in Carrboro , North Carolina , at the border of Chapel Hill , to a musical family .


set: In her early teens she bought her own guitar and started writing own songs . At the age of eleven she wrote a song called `` Freight train '' , which was later her signature song .

set: By her early teens she was writing her own songs , one of which , `` Freight Train '' , would go on to be one of her most recognized .


set: The organist can choose whether to play loud pipes or soft pipes , flute-sounding pipes or brassy pipes , sweet pipes or harsh-sounding pipes .

set: An action connects the keyboards to the pipes . Stops allow the organist to control which ranks of pipes sound at a given time .


set: In modern times Francis Poulenc wrote an organ concerto .

set: Frequently the organ is given a soloistic part , such as in Joseph Jongen 's Symphonie Concertante for Organ & Orchestra , Francis Poulenc 's Concerto for Organ , Strings and Tympani , and Frigyes Hidas ' Organ Concerto .