set: It was delivered on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 , 1863 . This speech was made during the American Civil War , at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania .

set: It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War , on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 , 1863 , at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the decisive Battle of Gettysburg .


set: Cintas liked to collect art and manuscripts . He had bought the Bliss Copy for $ 54,000 at a public auction in 1949 .

set: Cintas , a wealthy collector of art and manuscripts , purchased the Bliss Copy at a public auction in 1949 for $ 54,000 ( $ as of ) , at that time the highest price ever paid for a document at public auction .


set: In an 1894 article , Nicolay wrote that Lincoln had brought to Gettysburg the first part of the speech written in ink . Nicolay also said that Lincoln had written the second page in pencil on lined paper before November 19 .

set: In an 1894 article that included a facsimile of this copy , Nicolay , who had become the custodian of Lincoln 's papers , wrote that Lincoln had brought to Gettysburg the first part of the speech written in ink on Executive Mansion stationery , and that he had written the second page in pencil on lined paper before the dedication on November 19 .


set: Another source of the Gettysburg Address is the copy from the Associated Press . It was copied from the notes taken by reporter Joseph L. Gilbert .

set: Another contemporary source of the text is the Associated Press dispatch , transcribed from the shorthand notes taken by reporter Joseph L. Gilbert .


set: If the election were to occur now , the result would be extremely doubtful ( not sure ) , and although most of our discreet friends are sanguine of the result , my impression is , the chances would be against us .

set: If the election were to occur now , the result would be extremely doubtful , and although most of our discreet friends are sanguine of the result , my impression is , the chances would be against us .


set: The National Public Radio ( NPR ) discovered a copy during a `` Quest for Sound '' project in 1999 .

set: A copy wound up at National Public Radio ( NPR ) during a `` Quest for Sound '' project in 1999 .


set: Webster also said , `` This the independent offspring of the popular will .

set: Webster also noted , `` This government , Sir , is the independent offspring of the popular will .


set: It is not the creature of State the whole truth must be told , the people brought it into existence , established it , and have hitherto ( until now ) supported it , for the very purpose , amongst others , of imposing certain salutary restraints on State sovereignties '' .

set: It is not the creature of State legislatures ; nay , more , if the whole truth must be told , the people brought it into existence , established it , and have hitherto supported it , for the very purpose , amongst others , of imposing certain salutary restraints on State sovereignties . ''


set: The Democratic Chicago Times said , `` The cheek of every American must tingle with shame as he reads the silly , flat and dishwatery utterances ( remarks ) of the man who has to be pointed out to intelligent foreigners as the President of the United States '' .

set: The next day the Democratic-leaning Chicago Times observed , `` The cheek of every American must tingle with shame as he reads the silly , flat and dishwatery utterances of the man who has to be pointed out to intelligent foreigners as the President of the United States . ''


set: In The American Monthly Review of Reviews , it is suggested that the writings of William Herndon , Lincoln 's law partner , much influenced Lincoln . William Herndon wrote in Abraham Lincoln : The True Story of A Great Life that he had brought some of the sermons of abolitionist minister Theodore Parker to Lincoln , who had been moved by them .

set: In a discussion `` A more probable origin of a famous Lincoln phrase , '' in The American Monthly Review of Reviews , Albert Shaw credits a correspondent with pointing out the writings of William Herndon , Lincoln 's law partner , who wrote in the 1888 work Abraham Lincoln : The True Story of A Great Life that he had brought to Lincoln some of the sermons of abolitionist minister Theodore Parker , of Massachusetts , and that Lincoln was moved by Parker 's use of this idea :


set: Gopnik felt that `` Lincoln had mastered the sound of the King James Bible so completely that he could recast ( make again ) abstract issues of constitutional law in Biblical terms ( words from the Bible ) , making the proposition ( suggestion ) that Texas and New Hampshire should be forever bound by a single post office sound like something right out of Genesis '' .

set: Lincoln had mastered the sound of the King James Bible so completely that he could recast abstract issues of constitutional law in Biblical terms , making the proposition that Texas and New Hampshire should be forever bound by a single post office sound like something right out of Genesis . ''


set: There was no applause when he stopped speaking '' .

set: There was no applause when he stopped speaking . ''


set: Also , Wills 's letter `` made it equally clear to the president that he would have only a small part in the ceremonies '' .

set: Furthermore , Wills ' letter `` made it equally clear to the president that he would have only a small part in the ceremonies '' , perhaps akin to the modern tradition of inviting a noted public figure to do a ribbon-cutting at a grand opening .


set: Lincoln 's 1863 drafts were not popular , and people became angriest with them around the time of the New York Draft Riots . This was just ten days after the Battle of Gettysburg .

set: Hatred for Lincoln 's draft climaxed just ten days after the Battle of Gettysburg with the New York Draft Riots .


set: The reporters who were there at that time included Joseph Gilbert , Charles Hale , John R. Young . There were also reporters from the Cincinnati Commercial , New York Tribune , and New York Times .

set: The reporters present included Joseph Gilbert , from the Associated Press ; Charles Hale , from the Boston Advertiser ; John R. Young ( who later became the Librarian of Congress ) , from the Philadelphia Press ; and reporters from the Cincinnati Commercial , New York Tribune , and New York Times .


set: Lincoln 's `` few appropriate remarks '' summarized the war in ten sentences .

set: With a `` few appropriate remarks '' , he was able to summarize the war in just ten sentences .


set: The Battle of Gettysburg was an important influence on the American Civil War and on the town of Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , where only 2,400 people lived .

set: The battle also had a major impact on the town of Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , which numbered only 2,400 inhabitants .


set: `` Every stenographic report , good , bad and indifferent ( poor ) , says ` that the nation shall , under God , have a new birth of freedom . '

set: `` Every stenographic report , good , bad and indifferent , says ` that the nation shall , under God , have a new birth of freedom . '


set: There are several early copies on Executive Mansion paper , and reports of Lincoln finishing his speech while he was a guest of David Wills at Gettysburg .

set: This story is at odds with the existence of several early drafts on Executive Mansion stationery as well as the reports of Lincoln 's final editing while a guest of David Wills in Gettysburg .


set: Wills was allowed to buy 17 acres ( 69,000 mÂ ) for a cemetery to honor the people who died in the battle . He paid $ 2,475.87 for the land .

set: Wills was authorized to purchase 17 a for a cemetery to honor those lost in the battle , paying $ 2,475.87 for the land ( $ as of ) .


set: The Everett Copy is also known as the `` Everett-Keyes Copy '' . It was sent by President Lincoln to Edward Everett in early 1864 .

set: The Everett Copy , also known as the `` Everett-Keyes Copy , '' was sent by President Lincoln to Edward Everett in early 1864 , at Everett 's request .


set: Lincoln 's short speech became known in history as one of the best examples of English public speeches . Everett 's two-hour oration was called the `` Gettysburg address '' that day , but his oration is not well-known today .

set: While it is Lincoln 's short speech that has gone down in history as one of the finest examples of English public oratory , it was Everett 's two-hour oration that was slated to be the `` Gettysburg address '' that day .


set: The Republican said that Lincoln 's short remarks would `` repay further study as the model speech '' .

set: The Republican predicted that Lincoln 's brief remarks would `` repay further study as the model speech '' .


set: One year before he died in 1939 , Rathvon 's remarks were recorded on February 12 , 1938 . It included his reading the address itself .

set: One year before his death in 1939 , Rathvon 's reminiscences were recorded on February 12 , 1938 at the Boston studios of radio station WRUL , including his reading the address , itself , and a 78 rpm record was pressed .


set: Both the Hay and Nicolay copies of the Address are inside the Library of Congress . They are inside specially designed , temperature-controlled , sealed containers with argon gas .

set: Both the Hay and Nicolay copies of the Address are within the Library of Congress , encased in specially designed , temperature-controlled , sealed containers with argon gas in order to protect the documents from oxidation and continued deterioration .


set: The organizing committee agreed , and the dedication was moved to Thursday , November 19 .

set: The committee agreed , and the dedication was postponed until Thursday , November 19 .


set: But Lincoln wrote on both sides of the paper , so he could not use it for this purpose . Therefore , Bancroft was allowed to keep it .

set: As this fourth copy was written on both sides of the paper , it proved unusable for this purpose , and Bancroft was allowed to keep it .


set: Lincoln 's speech was short , but he and others sat for hours during the rest of the program .

set: While Lincoln 's speech was short and may have precluded multiple pictures of him while speaking , he and the other dignitaries sat for hours during the rest of the program .


set: But some of the words and expressions in the Nicolay Copy do not match modern transcriptions of Lincoln 's speech . Because of this , some people believe that the text used at Gettysburg has been lost .

set: Others believe that the delivery text has been lost , because some of the words and phrases of the Nicolay Copy do not match contemporary transcriptions of Lincoln 's original speech .


set: The `` Hay Copy '' was probably made on the morning of the delivery of the Address . It could also have been made shortly after Lincoln came back to Washington .

set: The `` Hay Copy '' was made either on the morning of the delivery of the Address , or shortly after Lincoln 's return to Washington .


set: Moving all the bodies to the graves in the cemetery was less than half complete on the day of the ceremony .

set: Reinterment of the bodies buried from field graves into the cemetery , which had begun within months of the battle , was less than half complete on the day of the ceremony .


set: John Nicolay kept this copy of the Gettysburg Address until he died in 1901 . When he died , it was passed on to his friend John Hay .

set: This copy of the Gettysburg Address apparently remained in John Nicolay 's possession until his death in 1901 , when it passed to his friend and colleague John Hay .


set: Among the five copies , it is the only one to be privately owned .

set: It is the only one of the five copies to be privately owned .


set: Wills ' letter said , `` It is the desire , as Chief Executive of the nation , formally ( officially ) set apart these a few appropriate ( proper ) remarks '' .

set: Wills 's letter stated , `` It is the desire that , after the Oration , you , as Chief Executive of the nation , formally set apart these grounds to their sacred use by a few appropriate remarks . ''


set: `` Standing beneath this serene sky , overlooking these broad fields now reposing from the labors of the waning year , the mighty Alleghenies dimly towering before us , the graves of our brethren beneath our feet , it is with hesitation that I raise my poor voice to break of God and Nature .

set: `` Standing beneath this serene sky , overlooking these broad fields now reposing from the labors of the waning year , the mighty Alleghenies dimly towering before us , the graves of our brethren beneath our feet , it is with hesitation that I raise my poor voice to break the eloquent silence of God and Nature .


set: The other three copies of the address ( the Everett , Bancroft , and Bliss copies ) were written a long time after November 19 . They were written by Lincoln for charitable purposes .

set: Both of these drafts were written around the time of his November 19 address , while the other three copies of the address , the Everett , Bancroft , and Bliss copies , were written by Lincoln for charitable purposes well after November 19 .


set: Its text is different , however , from the written versions prepared by Lincoln before and after his speech .

set: Its text differs , however , from the written versions prepared by Lincoln before and after his speech .


set: The Illinois State Historical Library in Springfield , Illinois has it on display . It is in the Treasures Gallery of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum .

set: The draft Lincoln sent became the third autograph copy , and is now in the possession of the Illinois State Historical Library in Springfield , Illinois , where it is currently on display in the Treasures Gallery of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum .


set: The Bliss copy has become the most widely accepted text of Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address . This is partly because Lincoln gave it a title and signed and dated it .

set: In part because Lincoln provided a title and signed and dated the Bliss Copy , it has become the standard text of Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address .


set: Bancroft wanted to put this copy in Autograph Leaves of Our Country 's Authors and sell it at a Soldiers ' and Sailors ' Sanitary Fair in Baltimore .

set: Bancroft planned to include this copy in Autograph Leaves of Our Country 's Authors , which he planned to sell at a Soldiers ' and Sailors ' Sanitary Fair in Baltimore .


set: In Lincoln at Gettysburg , Garry Wills notes the similarity between Lincoln 's speech and Pericles 's Funeral Oration during the Peloponnesian War ( James McPherson and Gore Vidal also note this ) .

set: In Lincoln at Gettysburg , Garry Wills notes the parallels between Lincoln 's speech and Pericles 's Funeral Oration during the Peloponnesian War as described by Thucydides . ( James McPherson notes this connection in his review of Wills 's book .


set: In 1931 , 87-year-old Mrs. Sarah A. Cooke Myers suggested that there was a dignified silence after Lincoln finished his speech . She had been there when she was 19 years old .

set: In 1931 , the printed recollections of 87-year-old Mrs. Sarah A. Cooke Myers , who at the age of 19 was present , suggest a dignified silence followed Lincoln 's speech : `` I was close to the President and heard all of the Address , but it seemed short .


set: It will not do to say that ( Secretary of War ) Stanton suggested those words after Lincoln 's return to Washington , for the words were telegraphed by at least three reporters on the afternoon of the delivery '' .

set: It will not do to say that ( Secretary of War ) Stanton suggested those words after Lincoln 's return to Washington , for the words were telegraphed by at least three reporters on the afternoon of the delivery . ''


set: The people who believe it was completed on the morning of his address note that it has some expressions that are not in the first draft but are in the reports of the address and in later copies by Lincoln . It is likely , they say , that Lincoln used this copy when he delivered the address .

set: Those that believe that it was completed on the morning of his address point to the fact that it contains certain phrases that are not in the first draft but are in the reports of the address as delivered and in subsequent copies made by Lincoln .


set: In the fall of 1863 , he grew very concerned about keeping up the Union 's spirits toward the war effort .

set: In the fall of 1863 , one of Lincoln 's principal concerns was to sustain the Union 's spirits toward the war effort .


set: Other public reaction to the speech was different according to each party .

set: Other public reaction to the speech was divided along partisan lines .


set: The Nicolay Copy is often called the `` first draft '' . This is because it is thought to be the earliest copy that exists .

set: The Nicolay Copy is often called the `` first draft '' because it is believed to be the earliest copy that exists .


set: The title of the record was `` I Heard Lincoln That Day - William R. Rathvon , TR Productions '' .

set: The title of the 78 record was `` I Heard Lincoln That Day - William R. Rathvon , TR Productions . ''


set: Lincoln replied that he was glad the speech was not a `` total ( complete ) failure '' .

set: Lincoln replied that he was glad to know the speech was not a `` total failure '' .


set: Each of the five manuscript copies of the Gettysburg Address are named for the person who received it from Lincoln .

set: The five known manuscript copies of the Gettysburg Address are each named for the associated person who received it from Lincoln .


set: After Everett finished his speech , Lincoln spoke for two or three minutes .

set: Shortly after Everett 's well-received remarks , Lincoln spoke for but a few minutes .


set: Among these , the Bliss version , written some time after the speech for a friend , is seen by lots of people as the most reliable text .

set: Of these versions , the Bliss version , written well after the speech as a favor for a friend , is viewed by many as the standard text .


set: Because Everett 's speech was very long , and because it took a long time for 19th century photographers to prepare for taking a picture , it is likely that photographers were not prepared for how short Lincoln 's speech was .

set: Given the length of Everett 's speech and the length of time it took for 19th century photographers to get `` set up '' before taking a picture , it is quite plausible that the photographers were ill prepared for the brevity of Lincoln 's remarks .


set: He added that it is hard to find any obviously classical references in all of his speeches .

set: ( It is difficult to find a single obviously classical reference in all of his speeches . )


set: However , David Willis , a rich 32-year-old lawyer , did not like this idea . He wrote to the Governor of Pennsylvania , Andrew Gregg Curtin , asking that a National Cemetery be supported by the states .

set: However , David Wills , a wealthy 32-year-old attorney , objected to this idea and wrote to the Governor of Pennsylvania , Andrew Gregg Curtin , suggesting instead a National Cemetery to be funded by the states .


set: For example , Everett spoke directly about Marathon and Pericles . But he said that `` Lincolnâ s rhetoric is , instead , deliberately Biblical '' .

set: In contrast , writer Adam Gopnik , in The New Yorker , notes that while Everett 's Oration was explicitly neoclassical , referring directly to Marathon and Pericles , `` Lincolnâ s rhetoric is , instead , deliberately Biblical .


set: Lincoln later gave this copy to his other secretary , John Hay . Hay 's descendants gave it and the Nicolay Copy to the Library of Congress in 1916 .

set: Lincoln eventually gave this copy to his other personal secretary , John Hay , whose descendants donated both it and the Nicolay Copy to the Library of Congress in 1916 .


set: He honors the dead 's sacrifice : `` Thus choosing to die resisting , rather than to live submitting , they fled only from dishonor , but met danger face to face '' . He also warmly encourages the living to continue to fight for true democracy : `` You , their survivors , must determine to have as unfaltering a resolution in the field , though you may pray that it may have a happier issue '' .

set: Pericles ' speech , like Lincoln 's , begins with an acknowledgment of revered predecessors : `` I shall begin with our ancestors : it is both just and proper that they should have the honor of the first mention on an occasion like the present '' ; then praises the uniqueness of the State 's commitment to democracy : `` If we look to the laws , they afford equal justice to all in their private differences '' ; honors the sacrifice of the slain , `` Thus choosing to die resisting , rather than to live submitting , they fled only from dishonor , but met danger face to face '' ; and exhorts the living to continue the struggle : `` You , their survivors , must determine to have as unfaltering a resolution in the field , though you may pray that it may have a happier issue . ''


set: But the ; -- grant me , I pray sympathy '' .

set: But the duty to which you have called me must be performed ; â '' grant me , I pray you , your indulgence and your sympathy . ''


set: Historian Shelby Foote said that the applause , which came after a long time , was `` barely polite '' .

set: According to historian Shelby Foote , after Lincoln 's presentation , the applause was delayed , scattered , and `` barely polite . ''


set: It is on permanent display as part of the American Treasures exhibition of the Library of Congress in Washington , D.C.

set: It used to be on display as part of the American Treasures exhibition of the Library of Congress in Washington , D.C.


set: This included the governors of six of the 24 Union states . They were Andrew Gregg Curtin of Pennsylvania , Augustus Bradford of Maryland , Oliver P. Morton of Indiana , Horatio Seymour of New York , Joel Parker of New Jersey , and David Tod of Ohio .

set: Approximately 15,000 people are estimated to have attended the ceremony , including the sitting governors of six of the 24 Union states : Andrew Gregg Curtin of Pennsylvania , Augustus Bradford of Maryland , Oliver P. Morton of Indiana , Horatio Seymour of New York , Joel Parker of New Jersey , and David Tod of Ohio .


set: On the morning of November 19 at 9:30 a.m. , Lincoln , riding a brown horse , joined the townspeople , and widows marching out to the grounds to be dedicated .

set: On the morning of November 19 at 9:30 a.m. , Lincoln , astride a chestnut bay horse and riding between Secretary of State William H. Seward and Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase , joined in a procession with the assembled dignitaries , townspeople , and widows marching out to the grounds to be dedicated .


set: Garry Wills felt that '' ( Lincoln ) had done what he wanted to do ( at Gettysburg ) '' .

set: In Garry Wills 's view , '' had done what he wanted to do . ''


set: Martin Luther King , Jr. 's famous speech of `` I Have a Dream '' spoke of the Gettysburg Address .

set: Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address is itself referenced in another of those famed orations , Martin Luther King , Jr. 's `` I Have a Dream '' speech .


set: Craig R. Smith , In `` Criticism of Political Rhetoric and Disciplinary Integrity '' , suggested that the Gettysburg Address was influenced by the speech of Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster . In his `` Second Reply to Hayne '' , Webster had famously cried out , `` Liberty and Union , now and forever , one and inseparable '' !

set: Craig R. Smith , in `` Criticism of Political Rhetoric and Disciplinary Integrity '' , suggested Lincoln 's view of the government as expressed in the Gettysburg Address was influenced by the noted speech of Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster , the `` Second Reply to Hayne '' , in which Webster famously thundered `` Liberty and Union , now and forever , one and inseparable ! ''


set: The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln .

set: The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and is one of the best-known speeches in United States history .


set: There has been some controversy about the two earliest drafts of the Address .

set: The two earliest drafts of the Address are associated with some confusion and controversy regarding their existence and provenance .


set: Everett , who was collecting the speeches at the Gettysburg dedication into one book to sell for hurt soldiers at New York 's Sanitary Commission Fair , had asked for it .

set: Everett was collecting the speeches at the Gettysburg dedication into one bound volume to sell for the benefit of stricken soldiers at New York 's Sanitary Commission Fair .


set: Everett was a very famous orator at that time .

set: At that time , Everett was a widely famed orator .


set: The Hay Draft was different from the Gettysburg Address printed by Nicolay in 1894 in many important ways . For example , it was written on a different kind of paper , had a different number of words on every line , had a different number of lines , and had corrections in Lincoln 's handwriting .

set: The Hay Draft differed from the version of the Gettysburg Address published by John Nicolay in 1894 in a number of significant ways : it was written on a different type of paper , had a different number of words per line and number of lines , and contained editorial revisions in Lincoln 's hand .


set: At first , they planned to buy land for a cemetery and ask the families of the dead to pay for the burial .

set: Initially , the town planned to buy land for a cemetery and then ask the families of the dead to pay for their burial .


set: Others , such as Allen C. Guelzo , suggested that Lincoln 's expression `` four score and seven '' was about the King James Version of the Bible 's . There , man 's life is described as `` threescore years and ten ; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years '' .

set: Others , including Allen C. Guelzo , the director of Civil War Era studies at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania , suggested that Lincoln 's formulation `` four score and seven '' was an allusion to the King James Version of the Bible 's , in which man 's lifespan is given as `` threescore years and ten ; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years . ''


set: Many years have passed after the Address was delivered , but it is still one of the most famous speeches in American history .

set: In the many generations that have passed since the Address , it has remained among the most famous speeches in American history .


set: NPR allows people to hear the record around Lincoln 's birthday .

set: NPR continues to air them around Lincoln 's birthday .


set: That was the greatest purpose of Lincoln 's Address at Gettysburg .

set: That goal was the chief aim of Lincoln 's Address at Gettysburg .


set: In 1906 , it was first announced that the Hay Copy had been discovered . It had been found among the papers of John Hay when people were searching for the `` original manuscript '' of the Address .

set: The existence of the Hay Copy was first announced to the public in 1906 , after the search for the `` original manuscript '' of the Address among the papers of John Hay brought it to light .


set: The Castro government claimed Cintas ' properties after it became powerful in 1959 . But Cintas , who died in 1957 , had willed the Gettysburg Address to the American people , if it would be kept at the White House .

set: Cintas ' properties were claimed by the Castro government after the Cuban Revolution in 1959 , but Cintas , who died in 1957 , willed the Gettysburg Address to the American people , provided it would be kept at the White House , where it was transferred in 1959 .


set: In August 1963 , King spoke of President Lincoln and his well-known words : `` Five score years ago , a great American , in whose symbolic shadow we stand today , signed the Emancipation Proclamation .

set: Standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in August 1963 , King began with a reference to President Lincoln and his enduring words : `` Five score years ago , a great American , in whose symbolic shadow we stand today , signed the Emancipation Proclamation .


set: `` But they , I am sure , will join us in saying , as we bid farewell to the dust of these martyr-heroes , the glorious annals of our common country , there will be no brighter page than that which relates the Battles of Gettysburg '' .

set: `` But they , I am sure , will join us in saying , as we bid farewell to the dust of these martyr-heroes , that wheresoever throughout the civilized world the accounts of this great warfare are read , and down to the latest period of recorded time , in the glorious annals of our common country , there will be no brighter page than that which relates the Battles of Gettysburg . ''


set: The following day , Everett wrote a letter to Lincoln . In the letter , he praised the President for his speech , saying , `` I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central ( main ) idea of the occasion , in two hours , as you did in two minutes '' .

set: In a letter to Lincoln written the following day , Everett praised the President for his eloquent and concise speech , saying , `` I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion , in two hours , as you did in two minutes . ''


set: Scholars are not sure if the Nicolay Copy was actually the copy Lincoln read from at Gettysburg on November 19 .

set: Scholars disagree over whether the Nicolay Copy was actually the reading copy Lincoln held at Gettysburg on November 19 .


set: `` He took down what he declared was the exact language of Lincoln 's associates confirmed his testimony , which was received , as it deserved to be at its face value '' .

set: His associates confirmed his testimony , which was received , as it deserved to be at its face value . ''


set: The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it ; some system require that such keys be in a specific format .

set: The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it ; some system designs require that such keys be in a particular format .


set: In cryptography , a pre-shared key or PSK is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it is used .

set: In cryptography , a pre-shared key or PSK is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs to be used .


set: He is the first official boss of the modern Genovese crime family .

set: He was the first official boss of the modern Genovese crime family .


set: Charles `` Lucky '' Luciano ( born Salvatore Lucania ; November 24 , 1897 â `` January 26 , 1962 ) was a Sicilian mobster .

set: Charlie `` Lucky '' Luciano ( born Salvatore Lucania ; November 24 , 1897 â `` January 26 , 1962 ) was an Italian mobster born in Sicily .


set: As a historical region , it includes Parthia , Media and eastern Persia , the heartlands of Greater Persia ( mainly Iran , Afghanistan , and Pakistan west of the River Indus ) .

set: As a historical region , it includes Parthia , Media and eastern Persia , the heartlands of Greater Iran ( mainly Iran , Afghanistan and Pakistan ) .


set: The Stadium of Light is a football stadium in Sunderland , England .

set: The Stadium of Light is an all-seater football stadium in Sunderland , England .


set: It is the current home stadium of Sunderland A.F.C. .

set: The stadium primarily hosts Sunderland A.F.C. matches .


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set: The oil that is pumped from the ground is then shipped via oil tanker to an oil refinery .


set: Charles Bradford `` Brad '' Henry ( born June 10 , 1963 ) is the Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma .

set: Charles Bradford `` Brad '' Henry ( born July 10 , 1963 ) was the 26th Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma .


set: Thus , the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in line to be President .

set: Thus , the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in Presidential succession .


set: Carmit Bachar ( born September 4 , 1974 ) is an American singer and actress .

set: Carmit Bachar ( ; born September 4 , 1974 ) is an American singer , dancer , model and actress .


set: Xiahou Dun was an important general under Cao Cao .

set: His noted accomplishments included conquest of Xiaopei and the subsequent victory over a relief force led by Xiahou Dun , a prominent general under Cao Cao .


set: In the later period of the Han dynasty , Gao Shun served LÃ 1\/4 Bu .

set: Gao Shun ( died 198 ) was a military general serving under the warlord LÃ 1\/4 Bu during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history .


set: Gao Shun was execution with his lord , LÃ 1\/4 Bu .

set: The heads of LÃ 1\/4 Bu , Chen Gong , Gao Shun and others were sent to Xuchang and subsequently were buried .


set: In the same year , however , Cao Cao himself came and attacked LÃ 1\/4 Bu 's base city , Xiapi .

set: In the same year , however , Cao personally laid a siege on LÃ 1\/4 Bu 's base in Xiapi , and defeated and captured LÃ 1\/4 .


set: In the later period of the Han dynasty , Gao Shun served LÃ 1\/4 Bu . He grew to be known as one of LÃ 1\/4 Bu 's best commanders .

set: Although LÃ 1\/4 Bu knew Gao Shun was very loyal , his advice was not always welcome .


set: Xiahou Dun was an important general under Cao Cao . In the same year , however , Cao Cao himself came and attacked LÃ 1\/4 Bu 's base city , Xiapi .


set: He grew to be known as one of LÃ 1\/4 Bu 's best commanders .

set: He then seized Xiao 's treasure and provisions , and promised to present them to LÃ 1\/4 Bu . When he reneged on his words , however , LÃ 1\/4 Bu went to ask for the goods himself .


set: Alternative metal is a type of heavy metal in the alternative music genre .

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set: Prof. Dr. Norbert Lammert ( born November 16 , 1948 in Bochum ) is a German politician , and a member of the CDU party .

set: Norbert Lammert ( born 16 November 1948 in Bochum ) is a German politician ( CDU ) .


set: Vltava is a river which flows through the Czech Republic and its capital city , Prague . Composer BedÅ ich Smetana wrote a symphonic poem about this river , sometimes called `` The Moldau '' .

set: The best-known of the classical Czech composer BedÅ ich Smetana 's set of six symphonic poems MÃ vlast ( `` My Motherland '' ) is called Vltava ( or The Moldau ) , and is a musical depiction of the river 's course through Bohemia .


set: Hermaville is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: Hermaville is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


set: On February 11 , Vice President Omar Suleiman made an announcement . He said that Mubarak agreed to leave office .

set: On 11 February 2011 , the Vice President of Egypt Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak had stepped down as President of Egypt as a result of the popular protests starting on January 25 .


set: The Japanese equivalent of a sash , called an obi , serves to hold a kimono together .

set: The Japanese equivalent of a sash , obi , serves to hold a kimono or yukata together .


set: A sash is of a cloth belt used to hold a robe together , and usually tied about the waist .

set: A sash ( , shash ) is a cloth belt used to hold a robe together , and is usually tied about the waist .


set: Cotton Plant is a city of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America .

set: Cotton Plant is a city in Woodruff County , Arkansas , United States .


set: `` Evolution consists mainly of changes in the frequencies of alleles between one generation and another '' .

set: Formulations such as ` evolution consists primarily of changes in the frequencies of alleles between one generation and another ' were proposed rather later .


set: It bridged the gap between different types of biologists : geneticists , naturalists , and palaeontologists .

set: The modern synthesis bridged the gap between experimental geneticists and naturalists , and between palaeontologists . It states that :


set: Key biologists who contributed work to the synthesis included : Julian Huxley , Theodosius Dobzhansky , Ernst Mayr , Ronald Fisher , J.B.S. Haldane , Sewall Wright , G.G. Simpson , E.B. Ford , Bernhard Rensch and G. Ledyard Stebbins .

set: Julian Huxley invented the term , when he produced his book , Evolution : The Modern Synthesis ( 1942 ) . Other major figures in the modern synthesis include R. A. Fisher , Theodosius Dobzhansky , J. B. S. Haldane , Sewall Wright , E. B. Ford , Ernst Mayr , Bernhard Rensch , Sergei Chetverikov , George Gaylord Simpson , and G. Ledyard Stebbins .


set: Ahab or Ach ` av or Achab in Douay-Rheims was King of Israel and the son of Omri .

set: Ahab or Ach ` av or Achab in Douay-Rheims was king of Israel and the son and successor of Omri according to the Hebrew Bible .


set: He continually rebukes Ahab for being so disobeying to the LORD , and when Ahab summoned all the prophets of Baal against Elijah at Mount Carmel , and set two altars for them , Elijah won by calling on God and letting fire come and burn the sacrifice , and the prophets of Baal were immediately killed by the Israelites .

set: This encounter ends with Elijah victorious over the official Baal prophets of Israel in a contest held for the sake of the Israelites and their king , Ahab . The contest ends when Elijah 's God consumes the offering which the Baal worshipers could not induce their god to touch , after which Elijah slaughters the Baal prophets ( 1 Kings 18:17 -40 ) .


set: People with a lactose intolerance or a milk allergy often replace milk by a substitute .

set: Lactose intolerance or a milk allergy can prompt the use of milk substitutes ; they are also consumed by vegans .


set: In milk substitutes many of the ingredients of milk are replaced : A milk substitute may contain fat and proteins obtained from plants .

set: Some milk substitutes are more healthy than milk , by being lower in cholesterol and\/or saturated fat .


set: The rings of Uranus were discovered on March 10 , 1977 , by James L. Elliot , Edward W. Dunham , and Douglas J. Mink .

set: The ring system was definitively discovered on March 10 , 1977 by James L. Elliot , Edward W. Dunham , and Douglas J. Mink using the Kuiper Airborne Observatory .


set: The newly discovered outer rings of Uranus are similar to the outer G and E rings of Saturn .

set: These new rings are so far from the planet that they are called the `` outer '' ring system .


set: Two additional rings were discovered in 1986 in images taken by the Voyager 2 , and two outer rings were found in 2003 â `` 2005 by the Hubble Space Telescope .

set: The rings were directly imaged when Voyager 2 passed Uranus in 1986 . Voyager 2 also discovered two additional faint rings bringing the total number to eleven .


set: As of 2010 people know that the Uranian ring system have 13 rings .

set: The new rings bring the total number of Uranian rings to 13 .


set: OpenZaurus is a Debian-based embedded Linux distribution for the Sharp Zaurus personal mobile tool PDA .

set: OpenZaurus is a defunct embedded operating system for the Sharp Zaurus personal mobile tool PDA .


set: The basement of folded metamorphic shales intruded by the Cape Granite are of late Precambrian age .

set: This has been intruded by the Cape Granite . Both rocks are of late Precambrian age .


set: Below the sandstone is a layer of micaceous shale , which weathers quite readily .

set: Below the sandstone is a layer of micaceous basal shale , which weathers quite readily and is therefore not well exposed .


set: The upper part of the mountain mesa ( table ) consists Silurian\/Ordovician quartzitic sandstone , commonly referred to as Table Mountain Sandstone ( TMS ) . It is highly resistant to weathering and forms steep gray crags .

set: The upper part of the mountain mesa consists of Ordovician quartzitic sandstone , commonly referred to as Table Mountain Sandstone ( TMS ) , which is highly resistant to erosion and forms characteristic steep gray crags .


set: The three classes of United States Senators are made up of 33 or 34 senators .

set: The three classes of United States Senators are currently made up of 33 or 34 Senate seats , with the groups staggered so that one of three classes is up for election every two years .


set: The particle in a 1-dimensional well is the most simple example showing that the energy of a particle can only have specific values .

set: The particle in a 1-dimensional potential energy box is the most simple example where restraints lead to the quantization of energy levels .


set: Quantum mechanics is important to physics and chemistry .

set: The application of quantum mechanics to chemistry is known as quantum chemistry .


set: It turned out that quantum mechanics was right , and that what Einstein had used as a reason to reject quantum mechanics actually happened .

set: For details , see the article on measurement in quantum mechanics . Generally , quantum mechanics does not assign definite values .


set: The well has zero potential energy inside a range and has infinite potential energy everywhere outside that range .

set: The box is defined as having zero potential energy inside a certain region and infinite potential energy everywhere outside that region .


set: In the early days of quantum mechanics , Albert Einstein suggested that if it were right then quantum mechanics would mean that there would be `` spooky action at a distance . '' It turned out that quantum mechanics was right , and that what Einstein had used as a reason to reject quantum mechanics actually happened .

set: According to the correspondence principle between classical and quantum mechanics , all objects obey the laws of quantum mechanics , and classical mechanics is just an approximation for large systems ( or a statistical quantum mechanics of a large collection of particles ) .


set: This led to a theory about subatomic particles and electromagnetic waves called wave-particle duality . This is where particles and waves were neither one nor the other , but had certain properties of both .

set: This led to a theory of unity between subatomic particles and electromagnetic waves called waveâ `` particle duality in which particles and waves were neither one nor the other , but had certain properties of both .


set: The festival happens on a weekend in early August .

set: The event occurs on a weekend in early August .


set: Free gifts and information are also given from here .

set: Free gifts and information are also available from here .


set: There are plans to hold the festival every year .

set: There are plans to hold the festival annually .


set: A bus was parked at the festival , by Myspace .

set: An inactive bus was parked at the festival grounds , provided by Myspace , in which the artists and bands were available to meet .


set: Electric Gardens Festival , sometimes called Electric Gardens , ` EGFestival ' , ` EGFest ' , or ` EG ' , is a medium sized music festival at Mount Ephraim , Faversham in Kent .

set: Electric Gardens , ( Electric Gardens Festival ) , sometimes abbreviated to ` EGFestival ' , or ` EGFest ' , or sometimes simply ` EG ' , is a medium sized ` Boutique ' Music Festival situated at Mount Ephraim , Faversham in Kent .


set: The first time the festival took place was in 2006 .

set: The first occurrence of the festival was in 2006 , and so far the festival has since been held in 2007 as well .


set: Yasunori Takada ( born 22 February 1979 ) is a Japanese football player .

set: Yasunori Takada é `` ç '' ä å ( born 22 February 1979 in Aoba-ku , Yokohama , Kanagawa ) is a Japanese football player .


set: Chivy-l Ã s - Ã touvelles is a commune .

set: Chivy-l Ã s - Ã touvelles is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


set: ; Before changing links , read the discusion here ; these are all top-importance Christianity articles .

set: ; Before changing links , read the discussion here ; these are all top-importance Christianity articles .


set: Before making changes , please ensure that they will work within the context of that template .


set: Lehaucourt is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

set: Lehaucourt is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


set: It includes the following extant orders :


set: The name comes from the thinking that these mammals evolved on the supercontinent of Laurasia , after it split from Gondwana when Pangaea broke up .

set: The name comes from the theory that these mammals evolved on the supercontinent of Laurasia , after it split from Gondwana when Pangaea broke up .


set: It is the home of Texas Tech University .

set: Lubbock is home to Texas Tech University , which was established on February 10 , 1923 , as Texas Technological College . It is the leading institution of the Texas Tech University System and has the sixth largest student body in the state of Texas .


set: Eschlikon is a municipality of the district of MÃ 1\/4 nchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

set: Eschlikon is a municipality in the district of MÃ 1\/4 nchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .


set: Anna Maria Luisa was the only daughter of Cosimo III de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , and Marguerite Louise d'Orl Ã ans , a niece of Louis XIII of France .

set: Anna Maria Luisa de ' Medici , the only daughter and second child of Cosimo III de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , and his consort , Marguerite Louise d'Orl Ã ans , was born in Florence on 11 August 1667 .


set: When Gian Gastone died in 1737 , Francis Stephen 's envoy offered Anna Maria Luisa the position of regent of Tuscany but she declined .

set: Gian Gastone died from `` an accumulation of diseases '' on 9 July 1737 , surrounded by prelates and his sister . Anna Maria Luisa was offered a nominal regency by the Prince de Craon , the Grand Duke 's envoy , until Francis III could arrive in Florence , but declined .


set: Anna Maria Luisa de ' Medici ( 11 August 1667 â `` 18 February 1743 ) was the last of the House of Medici .

set: Anna Maria Luisa de ' Medici ( 11 August 1667 â `` 18 February 1743 ) was the last scion of the House of Medici .


set: A patron of the arts , she gave the Medici 's large art collection ( including the contents of the Uffizi , Palazzo Pitti and Medici villas ) which she inherited upon her brother Gian Gastoneâ s death in 1737 , and her Palatine treasures to the Tuscan state , on the condition that none of it be removed .

set: A patron of the arts , she bequeathed the Medici 's large art collection , including the contents of the Uffizi , Palazzo Pitti and the Medicean villas , which she inherited upon her brother Gian Gastone 's death in 1737 , and her Palatine treasures to the Tuscan state , on the condition that no part of it could be removed from `` the Capital of the grand ducal ( sic ) State ... ( and from ) the succession of His Serene Grand Duke . ''


set: Berhet is a commune . It is found in the region Bretagne in the CÃ tes-d ` Armor department in the west of France .

set: Berhet is a commune located in the CÃ tes-d ` Armor department in Bretagne in north-western France .


set: The Cascade Range is a mountain range that spreads from Northern California , through Oregon and Washington , and ends in British Columbia , Canada .

set: The Cascade Range ( or Cascades ) is a major mountain range of western North America , extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California .


set: It has other names such as the Cascade Mountains , the High Cascades , and in British Columbia , the Canadian Cascades .

set: It includes both non-volcanic mountains , such as the North Cascades , and the notable volcanoes known as the High Cascades . The small part of the range in British Columbia is locally called the `` Coastal Mountains '' but is also known as the Canadian Cascades or Cascade Mountains ; the latter term is also sometimes used by Washington residents to refer to the Washington section of the Cascades in addition to North Cascades , the more usual American term , as in North Cascades National Park .


set: There are two levels of protection . Every country which has signed the treaty must give all qualifying languages the lower level of protection .

set: There are two levels of protection -- all signatories must apply the lower level of protection to qualifying languages .


set: For example , Catalan is only official within a region of Spain , so could benefit from the treaty but Irish can not because it is an official language in Republic of Ireland , even though it is a minority language .

set: Languages that are official within regions or provinces or federal units within a State ( for example Catalan in Spain ) are not classified as official languages of the State and may therefore benefit from the Charter . On the other hand , the Republic of Ireland has not been able to sign the Charter on behalf of the Irish language ( although a minority language ) as it is defined as the first official language of the state .


set: It was designed by the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe .

set: The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ( ECRML ) is a European treaty ( CETS 148 ) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe .


set: It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties which have a lot of differences from the majority or official language . This means that the treaty does not protect languages used by recent immigrants from other countries .

set: It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties ( thus excluding languages used by recent immigrants from other states ) , which significantly differ from the majority or official language ( thus excluding what the state party wishes to consider as mere local dialects of the official or majority language ) and that either have a territorial basis ( and are therefore traditionally spoken by populations of regions or areas within the State ) or are used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole ( thereby including such languages as Yiddish and Romani , which are used over a wide geographic area ) .


set: The best thing of the festivals is the music .


set: DICASTILLO Dicastillo is a village in Navarra .


set: Willebroek is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .

set: Willebroek ( old spelling : Willebroeck ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .


set: Hartwick is a city of Iowa in the United States .

set: Hartwick is a city in Poweshiek County , Iowa , United States .


set: The population was 83 at the 2000 census .


set: Some have glass panels that can be opened , in order for the spectators to feel closer to the action of the sporting event .

set: Some have glass panels that can be retracted , in order for the spectators to feel closer to the action of the sporting event .


set: They are usually in the mid-section of the stadium . The seats have usually the best views of the sporting event .

set: They are typically in the mid-section of the stadium , affording the best views of the sporting event .


set: The inside of a luxury box usually has a bar , several televisions sets , a row of seats and a private bathroom .

set: The inside of a luxury box typically includes a bar , several televisions sets , a row of seats and a private bathroom .


set: Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan , Ohio . When Edison was 7 , he moved with his family to Port Huron , Michigan .

set: Thomas Edison was born in Milan , Ohio , and grew up in Port Huron , Michigan .


set: When Edison was 7 , he moved with his family to Port Huron , Michigan .

set: In Beaumont , Texas , there is an Edison Museum , though Edison never visited there . The Port Huron Museum , in Port Huron , Michigan , restored the original depot that Thomas Edison worked out of as a young newsbutcher .


set: Edison started school late , because of an illness . Three months later , Edison was removed from school , because he could not pay attention to his teacher .

set: There are numerous high schools named after Edison ; see Edison High School .


set: His mother , who was a teacher in Canada , taught Edison at home . Edison 's mother helped him become motivated and he was a good student with her .

set: Edison recalled later , `` My mother was the making of me .


set: When he was 35 , Edison married Mina Miller , who was 19 . He had 3 children in that marriage : Madeleine Edison , Charles Edison ( who took over the company when his father died and was later elected Governor of New Jersey ) , and Theodore Miller Edison .

set: In Beaumont , Texas , there is an Edison Museum , though Edison never visited there .


set: He had 3 children in that marriage : Madeleine Edison , Charles Edison ( who took over the company when his father died and was later elected Governor of New Jersey ) , and Theodore Miller Edison .

set: Edison even contributed technology to the automobile . They were friends until Edison 's death .


set: Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan , Ohio .

set: The Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Tower and Museum is in the town of Edison , New Jersey .


set: Chicheboville is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

set: Chicheboville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


set: Wilson served on the United States Supreme Court from 1789 to 1798 .

set: Only nine cases were heard by the court from his appointment in 1789 until his death in 1798 .


set: James Wilson was born in Carskerdo , near St. Andrews , Scotland . His parents were William Wilson and Alison Landall .

set: Born in Carskerdo , near St. Andrews , Scotland to William Wilson and Alison Landall .


set: He was a leading legal thinker , and he was one of the first six justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States .

set: A leading legal theoretician , he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States .


set: After two years of studying , he got the bar in Philadelphia , and , in the following year ( 1767 ) , set up his own practice in Reading , Pennsylvania .

set: After two years of study he attained the bar in Philadelphia , and , in the following year ( 1767 ) , set up his own practice in Reading , Pennsylvania .


set: Wilson was elected two times to the Continental Congress , and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution .

set: Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress , and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution .


set: Wilson started reading the law at the office of John Dickinson a short time later .

set: Wilson began to read the law at the office of John Dickinson a short time later .


set: James Wilson ( September 14 , 1742 -- August 21 , 1798 ) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence .

set: James Wilson ( 1742 -- 1798 ) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence .


set: Imbued with the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment , he moved to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in British America in 1766 , carrying valuable letters of introduction .

set: Imbued with the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment he moved to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in British America in 1766 , carrying valuable letters of introduction .


set: Vocalion Records was a record label which made records in the United States and in the United Kingdom .

set: Vocalion Records is a record label active for many years in the United States and in the United Kingdom .


set: Les Loges , Calvados is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

set: Les Loges is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


set: Willerval is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: Willerval is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


set: In 1603 Philip II of Spain captured Porto Azzurro and built two fortresses there .

set: In 1596 Philip II of Spain captured Porto Azzurro and had two fortresses built there .


set: Napoleon stayed on Elba for 300 days before he escaped and returned to France on February 26 for the Hundred Days .

set: Napoleon stayed on Elba for 300 days . He returned to France on February 26 , 1815 for the Hundred Days .


set: French troops landed on Elba on June 17 1944 , freeing the island from the Germans in World War II .

set: French troops landed on Elba on June 17 , 1944 , liberating the island from the Germans .


set: In the early 11th century it became a part of the Republic of Pisa .

set: In the early 11th century it became a possession of the Republic of Pisa .


set: After the end of the Roman Empire , the island knew barbarians and Saracens .

set: After the Roman period , the island was ravaged by barbarians and Saracens .


set: The French island of Corsica lies about 50 km to the west .

set: It is located between the Tyrrhenian Sea and Ligurian Sea , about 50 k east of the French island of Corsica .


set: Mines were created by the Etruscans first and ( after 480 BC ) the Romans .

set: The island was then invaded , first by the Etruscans and later ( after 480 BC ) by the Romans .


set: In 1398 , was sold to the Visconti family of Milan . After a few years , the island was acquired by the Appiani , Lords of Piombino , who kept it for two centuries .

set: When the latter was sold to the Visconti of Milan in 1398 , the island was acquired by the Appiani , Lords of Piombino , who retained it for two centuries .


set: He fortified Portoferraio and renamed it `` Cosmopoli '' . In 1577 , the rest of the island was returned to the Appiani .

set: In 1546 part of the island was handed over to Cosimo I de ' Medici , who fortified Portoferraio and renamed it `` Cosmopoli '' , while in 1577 the rest of the island was returned to the Appiani .


set: There is an airport on the island , the `` Airport Marina di Campo '' , that can connect the island with the big cities of : Friedrichshafen , Munchen and ZÃ 1\/4 rich .

set: There is an airport on the island , Marina di Campo Airport . It is served by Intersky , with flights to Friedrichshafen , Munich and ZÃ 1\/4 rich , and ElbaFly by internal flights .


set: Elba and the other islands ( Gorgona , Capraia , Pianosa , Montecristo , Giglio and Giannutri ) of the Tuscan Archipelago are protected in the National Park of the Tuscan Archipelago .

set: The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago , Elba is also part of the National Park of the Tuscan Archipelago and the third largest island in Italy after Sicily and Sardinia .


set: The island is divided into eight communes : Portoferraio , Campo nell ` Elba , Capoliveri , Marciana , Marciana Marina , Porto Azzurro , Rio Marina and Rio nell ` Elba .

set: The island is divided into eight municipalities , of which Portoferraio is the main one , the others ; Campo nell ` Elba , Capoliveri , Marciana , Marciana Marina , Porto Azzurro , Rio Marina , and Rio nell ` Elba , are part of the province of Livorno , with a total of about 30,000 inhabitants , which increases considerably during the summer .


set: Thanks to Napoleon Elba is well-known around the world .

set: Napoleon 's stay on Elba is the basis for the famous English language palindrome : `` Able was I ere I saw Elba . '' Internationally , Elba is best known for its connection to Napoleon .


set: Saint-Germain-de-Coulamer is a commune of 393 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

set: Saint-Germain-de-Coulamer is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


set: JosÃ Zorrilla y Moral ( February 21 , 1817 - January 23 , 1893 ) , was a Spanish Romantic poet and dramatist .

set: JosÃ Zorrilla y Moral ( 21 February 1817 - 23 January 1893 ) , was a Spanish Romantic poet and dramatist .


set: Tennis elbow or archer 's elbow is a condition where the outer part of the elbow becomes sore and tender .

set: Lateral epicondylitis also known as ( tennis elbow , shooter 's elbow and archer 's elbow ) is a condition where the outer part of the elbow becomes sore and tender .


set: It is often associated with playing tennis , golf or other kinds of sport that use a racquet .

set: It is commonly associated with playing tennis and other racquet sports , though the injury can happen to almost anybody .


set: Petroleum coke is a solid that is mainly made of carbon .

set: Calcined petroleum coke ( CPC ) is the product from calcining petroleum coke .


set: It is similar to coke , but it is gained from petroleum ( coke is made from coal ) .

set: This green coke is called fuel grade coke .


set: Pass Christian is a city in Harrison County , Mississippi , United States , along the Gulf of Mexico .

set: Pass Christian ( pronounced `` kris-CHAN '' or `` kris-chee-ANN '' ( rather than `` KRIS-chin '' as in an adherent to Christianity ) ) , nicknamed The Pass , is a city in Harrison County , Mississippi , United States , along the Gulf of Mexico .


set: Miranda is the smallest and innermost of Uranus ' five major moons .


set: Gerard Kuiper discovered it in 1948 and named it after Miranda , Prospero 's daughter in William Shakespeare 's play The Tempest .

set: It was discovered by Gerard Kuiper on February 16 , 1948 at McDonald Observatory . It was named after Miranda from William Shakespeare 's play The Tempest by Kuiper in his report of the discovery .


set: Cadempino is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .

set: Cadempino is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .


set: JoaquÃ n Alonso ( born 9 June , 1956 ) is a former Spanish football player .

set: JoaquÃ n Alonso GonzÃ lez ( born 9 June 1956 in Oviedo , Asturias ) , simply JoaquÃ n , is a former Spanish footballer , who played as an attacking midfielder .


set: Zambia national football team is the national football team of Zambia .

set: The Zambia national football team represents the country of Zambia in the sport of association football and is governed by the Football Association of Zambia . Before independence they were known as the Northern Rhodesia national football team .


set: La HerliÃ re is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: La HerliÃ re is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


set: The name `` Safeway '' came from a contest that was held in 1925 to devolpe a name for the store and Safeway was chosen .

set: As a result of Seelig 's departure , the company held a contest in 1925 to develop a new name , the result of which was Safeway . The original slogan was `` an admonition and an invitation '' to `` Drive the Safeway ; Buy the Safeway . ''


set: Safeway stores also have a Safeway ATM Network .

set: Safeway would close Food Barn or rebrand stores as Safeway before the decade was over .


set: Safeway stores also have a Safeway ATM Network . The name `` Safeway '' came from a contest that was held in 1925 to devolpe a name for the store and Safeway was chosen .

set: The company expanded into Canada in 1929 ( which became Canada Safeway Limited ) ; into the United Kingdom in 1962 ( which became Safeway plc ) ; into Australia in 1963 ( which became Safeway Australia ) ; and into Germany in 1964 .


set: The Atlanta Flames were an ice hockey team in the NHL from Atlanta , Georgia , USA from 1972 to 1980 .

set: The Atlanta Flames were a professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta , Georgia , USA from 1972 to 1980 .


set: The team was moved to Calgary , Alberta , Canada for the start of the 1980 â `` 81 NHL season and were renamed the Calgary Flames .

set: The team , a member of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , was relocated to Calgary , Alberta , Canada for the start of the 1980 â `` 81 NHL season and were re-named the Calgary Flames , leaving Atlanta without an NHL team , before the Thrashers were formed 19 years later .


set: This page is about the city of Rio de Janeiro .

set: Rio de Janeiro is a center of the urban music movement in Brazil .


set: On October 2 , 2009 , the city was named by the International Olympic Committee as the host for the 2016 Games .

set: On October 2 , 2009 , the International Olympic Committee selected Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Summer Olympic Games .


set: This page is about the city of Rio de Janeiro . For information about the Brazilian state , see Rio de Janeiro ( state ) .

set: The International Airport of Rio de Janeiro ( GaleÃ # o â `` AntÃ nio Carlos Jobim International Airport , named after the famous Brazilian musician AntÃ nio Carlos Jobim ) , the main campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro at the FundÃ # o Island , and the State University of Rio de Janeiro , in MaracanÃ # , are also located in the Northern part of Rio .


set: Jena is a city in the middle of Germany , in the state of Thuringia . About 103,000 people live there .

set: It has a population of 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia , after Erfurt .


set: The 21st Independent Spirit Awards , given by Film Independent on 4 March , 2006 , will honor the best in film for 2005 .

set: The 21st Independent Spirit Awards , given by Film Independent on 4 March 2006 , will honor the best in film for 2005 .


set: Strange quarks are the third lightest quarks , which are subatomic particles that are so small , they are believed to not be able to be divided .

set: Strange quarks are found in hadrons , which are subatomic particles .


set: Streamwood is a city of Illinois in the United States .

set: Streamwood is a village of Cook County , Illinois , United States .


set: Accrington is home to the Accrington Stanley Football Club .

set: Accrington Stanley Football Club has officially had its own pub in the town , the Crown , since July 2007 .


set: Zillah is a city of Yakima County in the state of Washington in the United States . 2,198 people were living in Zillah as of 2000 .

set: Zillah is a city in Yakima County , Washington , United States , with a population of 2,198 at the 2000 census .


set: Humphrey Bogart ( December 25 , 1899 - January 14 , 1957 ) was an American actor who starred in seventy-five movies .

set: Humphrey DeForest Bogart ( December 25 , 1899 â `` January 14 , 1957 ) was an American actor .


set: It is between Gemini to the west and Leo to the east , Lynx to the north and Canis Minor and Hydra to the south .

set: It lies between Gemini to the west and Leo to the east , Lynx to the north and Canis Minor and Hydra to the south .


set: Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as such .


set: Cancer is small and its stars are faint .


set: This category is for articles about anthropogenic effects on the natural environment .

set: This category is for articles about anthropogenic effects on the environment .


set: Escaudes is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .


set: Melodic hardcore is a subgenre of hardcore punk . Exploring melodies are an important part of melodic hardcore .

set: Melodic hardcore initially emerged out of the L.A. hardcore scene , with the Descendents .


set: In 1985 , the Descendents worked with two new singers , Dave Smalley of DYS and Dag Nasty .

set: In 1985 , the Descendents worked with a new vocalist , Dave Smalley of DYS and Dag Nasty .


set: Sports View also produced the Ohio State-Michigan Football game on PPV in November of 1983 .

set: Sports View also produced the Ohio State-Michigan Football game on PPV in November 1983 .


set: Viacom 's Marketing Director , Pat Thompson , put together the fight . He later put together other PPV fights , wrestling matches , and even a Broadway play .

set: Viacom 's Marketing Director was Pat Thompson who put together the fight and subsequently put together additional PPV fights , wrestling matches , and even a Broadway play .


set: Sky Pacific in Fiji and other Pacific Island Nations started using it in 2006 .

set: Sky Pacific started a service in Fiji and in other Pacific Island nations in 2006 .


set: The first major pay-per-view event was on September 16 , 1981 . This event was Sugar Ray Leonard and Thomas `` Hitman '' Hearns boxing for the Welterweight Championship .

set: A major pay-per-view event occurred on September 16 , 1981 , when Sugar Ray Leonard fought Thomas `` Hitman '' Hearns for the Welterweight Championship .


set: Sports View was important in creating pay-per-view networks . It was a part of creating TigerVision for LSU , TideVision for Alabama , and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee .

set: Sports View played a role in building pay-per-view networks and became the early pioneer in developing TigerVision for LSU , TideVision for Alabama , and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee .


set: After leaving Viacom , Thompson became head of Sports View . He produced the first pay-per-view football game on October 16 , 1983 .

set: After leaving Viacom , Thompson became head of Sports View and produced the first pay-per-view football game on October 16 , 1983 : Tennessee versus Alabama from Birmingham , Alabama .


set: In 1950 , Skiatron tested its system on WOR in New York City .

set: In 1950 , Skiatron tested its Subscriber-Vision system on WOR in New York City .


set: In 1949 , it used telephone lines to take and receive orders .

set: Developed in 1949 , it used telephone lines to take and receive orders as well as to de-scramble a broadcast signal .


set: Pay-per-view was first used by Foxtel to home television in Australia and New Zealand in the early 2000s .

set: Foxtel introduced pay-per-view direct to home television in Australia in the early 2000s .


set: In Demand would show movies , concerts , and other events at prices between $ 3.99 to $ 49.99 . HBO and Showtime would offer championship boxing , with prices between $ 14.99 to $ 54.99 .

set: Prices ranging from $ 3.99 to $ 49.99 , while HBO and Showtime , with their legs TVKO and SET Pay Per View , would offer championship boxing with prices ranging from $ 14.99 to $ 54.99 .


set: The term `` pay-per-view '' became more well known in the 1990s when companies like iN DEMAND , HBO , and Showtime started using it to show movies and other things .

set: The term `` pay-per-view '' did not come into general use until the late 1980s when companies like iN DEMAND , HBO , and Showtime started using the system to show movies and some of their productions .


set: Both systems showed that they could be used but were not allowed to be used by the FCC .

set: Both systems showed promise , but the FCC denied them permits .


set: In 1985 , the first U.S. cable channels to show only pay-per-view , Viewers Choice , Cable Video Store , and Request TV began operation within days of each other .

set: In 1985 , the first U.S. cable channels devoted to pay-per-view , Viewer 's Choice , Cable Video Store , and Request TV began operation within days of each other .


set: Pay-per-view is also a very important way for professional wrestling companies like World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) , Ring of Honor ( ROH ) and Asistencia AsesorÃ a y AdministraciÃ n to earn money .

set: Pay-per-view has provided a revenue stream for professional wrestling companies like World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) , Ring of Honor ( ROH ) and Asistencia AsesorÃ a y AdministraciÃ n.


set: Viacom Cablevision in Nashville , Tennessee , was the first system to offer the event . Over fifty percent of its customers paid to see the fight .

set: Viacom Cablevision in Nashville , Tennessee , the first system to offer the event , sold over fifty percent of its subscribers for the fight .


set: The first pay-per-view system tested in the United states was the Zenith Phonevision system .

set: The Zenith Phonevision system became the first pay-per-view system tested in the United States of America .


set: Viewers Choice was available to both home satellite dish and cable customers . Request TV was available to only cable viewers at first .

set: Viewer 's Choice serviced both home satellite-dish and cable customers , while Request TV , though broadcasting to cable viewers , would not become available to dish-owners until the 1990s .


set: One of the first pay-per-view systems on cable was the Optical Systems . It was first used in 1972 in San Diego .

set: One of the earliest pay-per-view systems on cable , the Optical Systems Channel 100 , first entered service in 1972 in San Diego through Mission Cable ( acquired by Cox Communications ) and TheaterVisioN , which operated out of Sarasota , Florida .


set: These early systems quickly went out of business , as the cable industry started using satellite technology . This caused systems , for example Home Box Office , which had people pay a constant amount of money each month to became popular .

set: These early systems quickly went out of business , as the cable industry adopted satellite technology and as flat-rate systems like Home Box Office became popular .


set: Essoyes is a commune of the Aube dÃ partement in the north-central part of France .

set: Essoyes is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .


set: Huntington is a city in the state of Indiana , in the United States .

set: Huntington , known as the `` Lime City '' , is the largest city in and the county seat of Huntington County , Indiana , United States .


set: George Leake ( 3 December 1856 â `` 24 June 1902 ) was the 3rd Premier of Western Australia from 27 May 1901 to 21 November 1901 and then from 23 December 1901 to24 June 1902 .

set: George Leake CMG ( posthumous ) QC ( 3 December 1856 -- 24 June 1902 ) was Premier of Western Australia from 27 May 1901 to 21 November 1901 , and again from 23 December 1901 until his death on 24 June 1902 .


set: William de Wiveleslie Abney ( 24 July 1843-3 December 1920 ) was an English astronomer , chemist , and photographer .

set: William de Wiveleslie Abney FRS ( 24 July 1843 â `` 3 December 1920 ) was an English astronomer , chemist , and photographer .


set: Masashi Watanabe ( born 11 January 1936 - died 1995 ) is a former Japanese football player .

set: Masashi Watanabe ( January 11 , 1936 -- 1995 ) was a Japanese football player who won the bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics .


set: Washington 's Reagan National Airport , Baltimore-Washington International Airport , Philadelphia International Airport , and LaGuardia Airport in New York were closed , and Dulles Airport had one runway open .

set: Washington 's Reagan National Airport , Baltimore-Washington International Airport , Philadelphia International Airport , and LaGuardia Airport in New York were shut down completely , and Dulles Airport had one runway open .


set: Blizzard Warnings were given in New York City and Boston , and the snow began in Boston that day .

set: Blizzard Warnings were issued , and the snow began in Boston that day .


set: But early on February 16 , lots of snow started falling in those two cities , and the snow started in Philadelphia .

set: However , early on February 16 , heavy snow started falling in those two cities , and the snow later developed in Philadelphia .


set: In the evening , the heavy snow ended in New York City , and it ended in Boston on the morning of February 18 .

set: In the evening , the heavy snow ended in New York City , and ended in Boston the morning of February 18 .


set: The Blizzard of 2003 , also called the Presidents ' Day Storm of 2003 , or Presidents ' Day Storm II , was a very big snowstorm on the East Coast of the United States and Canada , which started on February 15 and ended on February 18 , 2003 .

set: The Blizzard of 2003 , also known as the Presidents ' Day Storm II or simply PDII , was a historical and record-breaking snowstorm on the East Coast of the United States and Canada , which lasted from February 14 to February 19 , 2003 .


set: The heavy snow continued all day , and it reached New York City in the evening .

set: The heavy snow continued all day , and it developed in New York City by the evening .


set: In the rest of the Northeast , however , the snow stayed for much of the night .

set: Throughout the rest of the Northeast , however , the snow continued for much of the night .


set: This snowstorm slowed down much of the East Coast with its heavy snow .

set: This snowstorm paralyzed much of the East Coast with its heavy snow .


set: Lots of snow fell in the big cities in the Northeast US , making it the biggest snowstorm of the snowy winter of 2002-2003 .

set: It spread heavy snow across the major cities of the Northeastern US , making it the defining snowstorm of the very snowy winter of 2002-2003 .


set: At about the same time , the snow changed to sleet in Washington , D.C. , and that 's why the city got less snow than other cities .

set: At about the same time , the snow changed to sleet in Washington , D.C. , and significantly lowered the accumulation .


set: Special arteries connect between arterioles and venules and are important in bypassing the flow of blood through the capillaries . True capillaries come from mainly from metarterioles and provide movement between cells and the circulation .

set: Metarterioles provide direct communication between arterioles and venules and are important in bypassing the bloodflow through the capillaries .


set: Capillaries are small , and smaller than any other blood vessels .

set: Capillaries are the smallest of a body 's blood vessels and are parts of the microcirculation .


set: They are about 5-10 Î 1\/4 ms big , which connect arterioles and venules , and enable the moving of water , oxygen , carbon dioxide , and many other nutrient and waste chemical between blood and surrounding tissues .

set: These microvessels , measuring 5-10 Î 1\/4 m in diameter , connect arterioles and venules , and enable the exchange of water , oxygen , carbon dioxide , and many other nutrient and waste chemical substances between blood and surrounding tissues .


set: After oxygen has been moved to the tissue , capillaries join and widen to become small veins and then widen more to become veins , which return blood to the heart .

set: After the tissue has been perfused , capillaries join and widen to become venules and then widen more to become veins , which return blood to the heart .


set: The width of 8 Î 1\/4 m forces the red blood cells to partly fold into bullet-like shapes in order to bypass them in single file .

set: The internal diameter of 8 Î 1\/4 m forces the red blood cells to partially fold into bullet-like shapes and to go into single file in order for them to pass through .


set: The `` capillary bed '' is the network of capillaries supplying an organ .

set: The `` capillary bed '' is an interweaving network of capillaries supplying an organ .


set: The more metabolically active the cells , the more capillaries it will require to supply nutrients and carry away waste products .

set: The more metabolically active the cells , the more capillaries they will require to supply nutrients and carry away waste products .


set: Precapillary muscles are rings of smooth muscles at the start of true capillaries that handle blood flow into true capillaries and control blood flow through a body part or area .

set: Precapillary sphincters are rings of smooth muscles at the origin of true capillaries that regulate blood flow into true capillaries and thus control blood flow through a tissue .


set: Blood moves from the heart to arteries , which branch and narrow into smaller arteries , and then branch more into capillaries .

set: Blood flows from the heart to the arteries , which branch and narrow into the arterioles , and then branch further still into the capillaries .


set: The Queen wrote : `` She is ( and who would some years ago have thought it ? )

set: Louise , however , proved to be good at the job : Victoria wrote shortly afterwards : â She is ( and who would some years ago have thought it ? )


set: In 1862 , Louise 's sister , Princess Alice , married Prince Louis of Hesse ; in 1863 , Albert Edward , Prince of Wales married Princess Alexandra of Denmark ; and in 1866 , Princess Helena married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein .

set: Princess Alice was married to Prince Louis , the future Grand Duke of Hesse , at Osborne on 1 June 1862 . In 1863 , Edward , the Prince of Wales , married Princess Alexandra of Denmark .


set: The Princess Louise ( Louise Caroline Alberta : Marquess of Lorne and Duchess of Argyll by marriage ; 18 March 1858 -- 3 December 1939 ) was the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert .

set: The Princess Louise ( born Louise Caroline Alberta , also known as Marchioness of Lorne and Duchess of Argyll by marriage ; 18 March 1848 â `` 3 December 1939 ) was a member of the British Royal Family , the sixth child and fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and her husband , Albert , Prince Consort .


set: a clever dear girl with a fine strong character , unselfish and affectionate . ''


set: Louise 's father , Prince Albert , became ill with typhoid fever , and died on 14 December 1861 .

set: Louise 's father , Prince Albert , died at Windsor on 14 December 1861 .


set: Some stem groupstem metatherians persisted well into the Neogene period before becoming extinct .

set: Some stem metatherians persisted well into the Neogene Period before becoming extinct .


set: Metatherians first appeared in the Cretaceous period .

set: Metatherians first appeared in the Cretaceous Period , with such forms as Deltatheridium and Asiatherium .


set: Both are conventionally united as infraclasses within the subclass Theria , which contains all living mammals except monotremes .

set: Both are conventionally united as infraclasses within the subclass Theria ( Parker and Haswell , 1897 ) , which contains all living mammals except monotremes .


set: During development , metatherians produce a yolk sac placenta and give birth to ` larval-like ' offspring .

set: During development , metatherians produce a yolk sac placenta and give birth to `` larval like '' offspring .


set: First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880 , it is nearly synonymous with the earlier taxon Marsupialia , but it also contains the nearest fossil relatives of marsupial mammals .

set: First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880 , it is nearly synonymous with the earlier taxon Marsupialia ( Illiger , 1811 ) though it is slightly wider since it also contains the nearest fossil relatives of marsupial mammals .


set: Crown group marsupials , the one branch of Metatheria that survives today , diversified close to the time of extinction at the end of the Cretaceous .

set: Crown marsupials , the one branch of Metatheria that survives today , diversified close to the time of extinction at the end of the Cretaceous .


set: These offspring have underdeveloped rear limbs , and after birth they migrate to the marsupium where they attach to a nipple .

set: These offspring have under developed posterior limbs ( the pes can be webbed ) , and following birth they migrate to the marsupium where they attach to a nipple .


set: The mouth of newly born metatherians forms an `` O '' shape into which the mother 's nipple fits . Then it swells to secure the offspring into place .

set: The mouth of newly born metatherians is fused laterally , but open medially ; this forms an `` O '' shaped mouth in which the mothers nipple fits , then swells to secure the offspring into place for further development and growth .


set: Salva Ballesta ( born 22 May 1975 ) is a Spanish football player .

set: Salvador Ballesta Vialco , aka Salva ( born 22 May 1975 ) is a retired Spanish footballer who played as a striker .


set: Many food chains , such as Burger King , Wendy 's and McDonald 's , serve hamburgers .

set: Many burger chains from the United States can be found all over Mexico , including Carl 's Jr. , Sonic , as well as global chains such as McDonald 's and Burger King . Hamburgers in the UK and Ireland are very similar to their US cousins , and the High Street is dominated by the same big two chains as in the U.S. -- McDonald 's and Burger King .


set: While it was built in history for other reasons , its modern use is to calm down the traffic .

set: While historically built for other reasons , its modern use is to calm vehicle traffic .


set: A cul-de-sac ( literally `` bottom of bag '' ) is a word that came from the French language . It is also used in Catalan and Occitan , origin meaning to a dead end , close , or no through road ( United Kingdom , Australian and Canadian English ) .

set: A cul-de-sac ( literally `` bottom of bag '' ) is a word of French origin referring to a dead end , close , no through road ( UK , Australian and Canadian English ) or court ( American English and Australian English ) meaning dead-end street with only one inlet\/outlet .


set: The combined rivers then flow eastwards into Pakistan . Then it becomes known as the Chitral River , joining the Indus River at the city of Attock .

set: The combined rivers then flow eastwards into Pakistan , joining the Indus River at the city of Attock .


set: The Lutkho River joins the Mastuj River just north of the important regional center of Chitral in Pakistan and is then called the Chitral River , before flowing south into the upper Kunar Valley in Afghanistan , where it is referred to as the Kunar River .

set: From there to its confluence with the Lutkho River just north of the important regional center of Chitral it is called the Mastuj River . It is then called the Chitral River , before flowing south into the upper Kunar Valley in Afghanistan , where it is referred to as the Kunar River .


set: It includes the Kunar River , which rises in Nuristan province of Afghanistan , and the main Kunar River , which rises in the eastern Pamir Mountains before flowing through Chitral in Pakistan into the upper Kunar Valley in Afghanistan .

set: It is then called the Chitral River , before flowing south into the upper Kunar Valley in Afghanistan , where it is referred to as the Kunar River .


set: Louchats is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

set: Louchats is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


set: Q-Productions and EMI Latin teamed up and are now promoting La Leyenda around the world , La Leyenda will also feature personal messages from Selena 's family , friends , and fans across the world .

set: The Box-sets will contain an exclusive `` Selena '' charm and four booklets that include messages from Selena 's family , friends , and fans from around the world . Selena fans around the world were told to collaborate pictures of themselves to be part of the La Leyenda bound books , but in early February 2010 , Q-Productions and EMI Latin decided to cancel the transaction due to legal actions with copyrighted images from fans .


set: La Leyenda will be released on March 9 , 2010 as four different box-sets .

set: The album was released on March 9 , 2010 .


set: Playback experiments show that C. leucoviridis is able to attract males of many cicada species , even though cicada mating signals are species-specific .

set: This example of acoustic aggressive mimicry is similar to the Photuris firefly case in that the predator 's mimicry is remarkably versatile â `` playback experiments show that C. leucoviridis is able to attract males of many cicada species , including Cicadettine cicadas from other continents , even though cicada mating signals are species-specific .


set: Female fireflies of the genus Photuris emit the same light signals that females of other genera use as a mating signal .

set: Beginning in the 1960s , James E. Lloyd 's investigation of female fireflies of the genus Photuris revealed they emit the same light signals that females of the genus Photinus use as a mating signal .


set: The Australian katydid Chlorobalius leucoviridis can attract male cicadas by imitating the species-specific reply clicks of sexually receptive female cicadas .

set: The listrosceline katydid Chlorobalius leucoviridis of inland Australia is capable of attracting male cicadas of the Tribe Cicadettini by imitating the species-specific reply clicks of sexually receptive female cicadas .


set: Further research showed male fireflies from several different genera are attracted to these mimics , and are subsequently captured and eaten .

set: Further research showed male fireflies from several different genera are attracted to these `` femmes fatales '' , and are subsequently captured and eaten .


set: Willencourt is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: Willencourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


set: The term gribble was originally used for the wood-boring species , especially the first species described from Norway by Rathke in 1799 , Limnoria lignorum .

set: The term `` gribble '' was originally assigned to the wood-boring species , especially the first species described from Norway by Jens Rathke in 1799 , Limnoria lignorum .


set: There are three genera , Paralimnoria , Limnoria and Lynseia . Limnoria has species in most seas .

set: Lynseia are so far known only from Australia , while Limnoria has species in most seas .


set: A gribble is any species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae .

set: A gribble ( or gribble worm ) is any of about 56 species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae .


set: Children 's tricycles and most adult tricycles made for the recreational market use the upright layout . From a design point of view , the difference between children 's and adult tricycles is that whereas children 's tricycles are usually direct-drive and have no brakes , adult trikes usually have a gear-drive with multiple speeds and front and rear brakes .


set: He served as both National Security Advisor and later as Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration and the Ford Administration .

set: He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford .


set: Henry Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger ( born Heinz Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger on May 27 , 1923 ) , , is a German-born American political scientist , diplomat , and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize .

set: Henry Alfred Kissinger ( ; born May 27 , 1923 ) is a German-born American political scientist , diplomat , and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize .


set: Of these 46 , 41 were pupils , two teachers , one was a mother who traveled with the children , and two were working for the railway .

set: 41 pupils , two teachers , a mother and two railway staff were killed nonetheless .


set: The dispatcher had seen what happened and tried to hold the train back with emergency signals , but he failed and the train disappeared behind a curve . He went into his office to call the station in Wuppertal-Beyenburg , but the passenger train had already left Beyenburg .

set: Meanwhile , the dispatcher at Dahlerau , who tried to hold back the departing locomotive by running along the passing train and giving emergency signals , but failed to get the driver 's attention , had tried to reach the dispatcher in Wuppertal-Beyenburg by telephone to hold back the passenger train .


set: The dispatcher died a few weeks after the crash . He had a car accident , but police said it was not suicide .

set: It has been proven that the car accident was not caused by the dispatcher , therefore ruling out suicide .


set: The driver of the freight train later told that the dispatcher in the station had shown him a green light .

set: The dispatcher would normally step onto the platform and show the driver a green light , giving them permission to proceed . However , as the freight train was supposed to stop and wait for the special service still on the line , a red light would have to be shown .


set: The Dahlerau train disaster was a railway disaster that happened on 27 May 1971 . It happened in Dahlerau , which is a part of Radevormwald in Germany .

set: The Dahlerau train disaster was a severe railway accident that took place on May 27 , 1971 in Dahlerau , a small town belonging to Radevormwald in then-West Germany , in which a freight train and a passenger train crashed into each other .


set: Johann StrauÃ II ( born Vienna , October 25 1825 ; died Vienna June 3 1899 ) was an Austrian composer , conductor and violinist . His father , also called Johann , was also a very famous composer , and is now known as Johann Strauss I ( or Johann Strauss Snr ) while his eldest son is called Johann Strauss II ( or Johann Strauss Jnr ) .

set: Johann Strauss II ( October 25 , 1825 -- June 3 , 1899 ) , also known as Johann Baptist Strauss or Johann Strauss , Jr. , the Younger , or the Son , was an Austrian composer of light music , particularly dance music and operettas .


set: Sainte-Genevi Ã ve , Aisne is a commune .

set: Sainte-Genevi Ã ve is a commune in the Aisne dÃ partment in Picardy in northern France .


set: Christian theologians use rational analysis and argument to understand , explain , test , critique , defend or promote Christianity .

set: Christian theologians use Biblical exegesis , rational analysis , and argument to understand , explain , test , critique , defend or promote Christianity .


set: It is a tributary of the River Great Ouse .

set: It is a tributary of the River Great Ouse , and is navigable to Jude 's Ferry .


set: The River Lark is a river in England , which crosses the border between Suffolk and Cambridgeshire .


set: The London County Council Tramways was a large network of public street tramways . They were formed in 1899 .

set: The London County Council Tramways was an extensive network of public street tramways that was operated by the council throughout the County of London , UK , from 1899 to 1933 , when they were taken over by the London Passenger Transport Board .


set: They were run by the council in the County of London , UK . In 1933 they were taken over by the London Passenger Transport Board .

set: On 1 July 1933 the London County Council Tramways passed to the London Passenger Transport Board ( LPTB ) , known as London Transport .


set: There are several interesting places to visit and see in JÃ rÃ mie and near the city .

set: The city has an airport , JÃ rÃ mie Airport .


set: JÃ rÃ mie is also called the City of Poets because of the many writers , poets , and historians that were born or live there , such as Etzer Vilaire and Ã mile Roumer .

set: JÃ rÃ mie is also called the city of the poets because of the numerous writers , poets , and historians born there , such as Etzer Vilaire and Emile Roumer .


set: The father of the French writer Alexandre Dumas , pÃ re , General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas , was born at MadÃ re , near JÃ rÃ mie .

set: The author Alexandre Dumas , pÃ re 's father , General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas , was born in JÃ rÃ mie .


set: JÃ rÃ mie ( KrÃ yÃ l : Jeremi ) is a city in southwest Haiti . It is the capital city of the Grand ` Anse DÃ partement .

set: JÃ rÃ mie ( Jeremi in KrÃ yÃ l ) is the capital city of the department of Grand ` Anse , in Haiti , with a population of about 31,000 ( 2003 census ) .


set: Like their higher-powered sisters , the BRCW Classes 27 and 33 , they did not have fibreglass cab ends .

set: Like their higher-powered sisters , the BRCW Classes 27 and 33 , they had all-steel bodies and cab ends .


set: Viá '' t Nam ( commonly spelled Vietnam ; Viá '' tnamese for `` Southern Viá '' t '' i.e. , the nation of the Viet people in the South ) is a country in Southeast Asia .

set: The name Viá '' t Nam is a variation of `` Nam Viá '' t '' , a name that can be traced back to the Triá '' u Dynasty ( 2nd century BC ) . The word `` Viá '' t '' originated as a shortened form of BÃ ch Viá '' t , a word applied to a group of peoples then living in southern China and Vietnam .


set: Swamp blues is often linked to J. D. `` Jay '' Miller 's , recording studio in Crowley , Louisiana .

set: Swamp blues is often associated with recordman\/producer J. D. `` Jay '' Miller 's Crowley , Louisiana , recording studio .


set: Showing the impact of Swamp Blues on other music , the Rolling Stones played a version of Slim Harpo 's `` I 'm a King Bee , '' and Neil Young recorded Slim Harpo 's `` Rainin ' In My Heart . ''

set: Attesting to the impact of swamp blues on popular music , the Rolling Stones covered swamp bluesman Slim Harpo 's `` I 'm a King Bee '' , while Neil Young , among others , recorded Harpo 's `` Rainin ' In My Heart . ''


set: Swamp blues is a form of blues music that is highly evolved and specialized .