set: Russell Lissack ( born March 11 , 1981 ) is a guitar player for the rock band Bloc Party and is also in the band Pin Me Down . He was born in Chingford in England , United Kingdom .

set: Russell Dean Lissack ( born 11 March 1981 in Chingford , England ) is an English musician best known as the lead guitarist of London based indie rock band , Bloc Party .


set: The first single `` Lonely Nights '' was a big hit in the US , and two other singles ` Coming Home ' and ` Fits Ya Good ' were top 40 hits in Canada .

set: Two further singles ` Coming Home ' and ` Fits Ya Good ' were very well received , the latter becoming Adams ' debut Top 40 hit in Canada .


set: The album was to be called `` Bryan Adams Has n't Heard Of You Either '' but the record company wanted him to change the title to something safer .

set: The album was originally to be titled `` Bryan Adams Has n't Heard Of You Either '' ( due to critics ' indifference to his first album and singles ) but Adams 's sense of humor did n't make it past the gate keepers at the record company , who opted for the safer title .


set: You Want It You Got It is the second album by Bryan Adams , and was released in 1981 ( see 1981 in music ) .

set: You Want It You Got It is Bryan Adams 's second solo album , and was released in 1981 ( see 1981 in music ) .


set: Many songs from this album were covered by other artists , they are `` Lonely Nights '' by Uriah Heep , `` Jealousy '' by Prism , `` Tonight '' by Randy Meisner and `` Fits Ya Good '' by Tove Naess and more others .

set: In later years , many of the songs were recorded by other artists . Some examples are `` Jealousy '' by Prism , `` Tonight '' by Randy Meisner , and `` Fits Ya Good '' by Tove Naess , to name a few .


set: Saint-Jean-de-Thurigneux is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .


set: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( FAO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger .

set: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( FAO , or ONUAA for ) is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger .


set: It serves both developed and developing countries and acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals .

set: Serving both developed and developing countries , FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy .


set: The sailors went back to Tahiti . Christian married Maimiti , the daughter of one of the chiefs on June 16 , 1789 .

set: Abandoning the island , he stopped briefly in Tahiti where he married Maimiti , the daughter of one of the local chiefs , on 16 June 1789 .


set: At Pitcairn they took everything they could from the Bounty . After that Matthew Quintal set it on fire .

set: The remaining nine mutineers , six Tahitian men , and eleven Tahitian women then settled on Pitcairn Island where they stripped the Bounty of all that could be floated ashore before Matthew Quintal set it on fire .


set: Fletcher Christian ( September 25 , 1764 - 1793 ) was an English seaman on HMS Bounty when it sailed to Tahiti to collect breadfruit trees in 1787 . He led a mutiny ( take over ) to stop Lieutenant William Bligh returning to England .

set: Fletcher Christian ( 25 September 1764 -- 20 September 1793 ) was a master 's mate on board the Bounty during William Bligh 's fateful voyage to Tahiti for breadfruit plants ( see Mutiny on the Bounty ) .


set: The sexual imbalance ( more men than women ) and the slavery of the Tahitian men by the mutineers led to fighting and the deaths of most of the men .

set: This sexual imbalance , combined with the effective enslavement of the Tahitian men by the mutineers , led to insurrection and the deaths of most of the men .


set: A stock exchange , share market or bourse is a place where people meet to buy and sell shares of company stock . Some stock exchanges are real places ( like the New York Stock Exchange ) , others are virtual places ( like the NASDAQ ) .

set: There is usually no compulsion to issue stock via the stock exchange itself , nor must stock be subsequently traded on the exchange .


set: Three of the best known movies are : Lost Horizon ( 1933 ) , Goodbye , Mr. Chips ( 1934 ) , and Random Harvest ( 1941 ) .

set: Several of his books were international bestsellers and inspired successful film adaptations , notably Lost Horizon ( 1933 ) , which won a Hawthornden Prize ; Goodbye , Mr. Chips ( 1934 ) ; and Random Harvest ( 1941 ) .


set: He disappeared while living in Japan and there were rumors that he was living secretly in a Zen Buddhist monastery .

set: He disappeared while living in Japan ( where his son was born in 1925 ) , and was reputed to be living incognito in a Zen Buddhist monastery .


set: James Hilton was born in Leigh . His father , John Hilton , was the headmaster of Chapel End School in Walthamstow .

set: Born in Leigh , James Hilton was the son of John Hilton , the headmaster of Chapel End School in Walthamstow .


set: Zhongdian is a mountain region of Southwest China that has now been renamed Shangri-La ( Xianggelila ) because it may have inspired Hilton 's book

set: Zhongdian , a mountain region of Southwest China , has now been renamed Shangri-La ( Xianggelila ) , based on its claim to have inspired Hilton 's book


set: Some say that the isolated valley town of Weaverville , California , in far northern Trinity County , was Shangri-La . However , this is a misunderstanding of a comment by Hilton in a 1941 interview .

set: Some say that the isolated valley town of Weaverville , California , in far northern Trinity County , was a source , but this is the result of a misinterpretation of a comment by Hilton in a 1941 interview , in which he said that Weaverville reminded him of Shangri-La .


set: James Hilton ( 9 September 1900 â `` 20 December 1954 ) was an English writer . He wrote several best-selling novels including Lost Horizon and Goodbye Mr. Chips .

set: James Hilton ( 9 September 1900-20 December 1954 ) was an English novelist who wrote several best-sellers , including Lost Horizon and Goodbye , Mr. Chips .


set: Hilton wrote his two most famous books while living in an ordinary semi-detached house on Oak Hill Gardens , Woodford Green .

set: Hilton wrote his two most remembered books , Lost Horizon and Goodbye , Mr. Chips while living in a rather ordinary semi-detached house on Oak Hill Gardens , Woodford Green .


set: Hilton lived and worked in Hollywood beginning in the mid-1930s . He won an Academy Award in 1942 for his work on the screenplay of Mrs. Miniver .

set: Hilton , who lived and worked in Hollywood beginning in the mid-1930s , won an Academy Award in 1942 for his work on the screenplay of Mrs. Miniver , based on the novel by Jan Struther .


set: Hilton became a success writer when he was still young .

set: Hilton found literary success at an early age .


set: Later , the US Navy gave that name to an aircraft carrier , and Roosevelt named his Maryland presidential retreat `` Shangri-La '' .

set: The Navy subsequently gave that name to an aircraft carrier , and Roosevelt named his Maryland presidential retreat `` Shangri-La '' .


set: Christian Zeeman may also have been the model for the hero of the story .

set: Christian Zeeman , the Danish father of the mathematician Sir Christopher Zeeman , has also been claimed to be the model for the hero of the story .


set: Hilton was the host of The Hallmark Playhouse ( 1948 â `` 1953 ) for CBS Radio .

set: He hosted The Hallmark Playhouse ( 1948 â `` 1953 ) for CBS Radio .


set: Hilton co-wrote the book and lyrics for Shangri-La , an unsuccessful 1956 Broadway musical adaptation of Lost Horizon .

set: Hilton co-wrote the book and lyrics for Shangri-La , a disastrous 1956 Broadway musical adaptation of Lost Horizon .


set: His father , John Hilton , was the headmaster of Chapel End School in Walthamstow . James Hilton partially based the character Mr. Chipping in Goodbye , Mr. Chips on his father .

set: Hilton 's father , the headmaster of Chapel End School in Walthamstow , was one of the inspirations for the character of Mr. Chipping in Goodbye , Mr. Chips .


set: He published his first novel , Catherine Herself , when he was 20 years old .

set: His first novel , Catherine Herself , was published in 1920 , when he was 20 .


set: After the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo , the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt told the press that the airplanes had taken off from Shangri-La .

set: After the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo , when the fact that the bombers had flown from an aircraft carrier remained highly classified , U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt told the press facetiously that they had taken off from Shangri-La .


set: ( That retreat is now called Camp David since President Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed it after his grandson .

set: ( Later , President Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed the retreat Camp David after his grandson , the name by which it is known today . )


set: He may have been inspired to write Lost Horizon and to invent Shangri-La '' by reading the National Geographic Magazine by Joseph Rock . Rock was an Austrian-American botanist and ethnologist who explored southwestern China and areas near Tibet .

set: Hilton is said to have been inspired to write Lost Horizon , and to invent `` Shangri-La '' by reading the National Geographic Magazine articles of Joseph Rock , an Austrian-American botanist and ethnologist exploring the southwestern Chinese provinces and Tibetan borderlands .


set: Skokie , Illinois is a village in the American state of Illinois . It was once known as Niles Center .

set: Skokie ( Ë skoÊ ki ; formerly Niles Center ) is a village in Cook County , Illinois , United States .


set: According the 2000 census , its population was 63,348 .

set: Its population , per the 2000 census , was 63,348 .


set: By 1910 , the spelling of this name was changed to Niles Center .

set: Around 1910 , the spelling of the village 's name was Americanized to `` Niles Center '' .


set: As a nearby village was named Niles , there was confusion , and the name of the village was changed to Skokie has in 1940 .

set: On 15 November 1940 , Niles Center became the `` Village of Skokie '' .


set: In 1888 , the community that would one day be known as `` Skokie '' was incorporated with the name Niles Centre .


set: The Five Families are the five major Italian-American Mafia crime families which have controlled organized crime in New York City since the 1930s .

set: The Five Families are the five major Italian-American Mafia crime families which have dominated organized crime in New York City since the 1930s .


set: A computer program itself is just a passive collection of instructions , while a process is the actual execution of those instructions .

set: A computer program is a passive collection of instructions , a process is the actual execution of those instructions .


set: George Bancroft ( October 3 , 1800 -- January 17 , 1891 ) was an American historian and statesman . He was important in promoting secondary education both in his home state and at the national level .

set: George Bancroft ( October 3 , 1800 -- January 17 , 1891 ) was an American historian and statesman who was prominent in promoting secondary education both in his home state and at the national level .


set: Among his best-known writings is History of the United States , from the Discovery of the American Continent .

set: Among his best-known writings is the magisterial series , History of the United States , from the Discovery of the American Continent .


set: He made the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1845 .

set: During his tenure as U.S. Secretary of the Navy , he established the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1845 .


set: Painted a maroon color , she is now the only one of twenty locomotives to remain preserved in working order .

set: Painted a maroon color , she is now the only one of the original twenty locomotives to remain preserved in working order .


set: In 1802 she left Drury Lane . She then appeared on the stage of a rival theater , Covent Garden , from time to time .

set: In 1802 she left Drury Lane and subsequently appeared from time to time on the stage of the rival establishment , Covent Garden .


set: She mixed with the literary and social elites of London society . She knew people like Samuel Johnson , Edmund Burke , Hester Thrale Piozzi , and William Windham .

set: She mixed with the literary and social elites of London society , and her acquaintances included Samuel Johnson , Edmund Burke , Hester Thrale Piozzi , and William Windham .


set: She was the older sister of John Philip Kemble , Charles Kemble , Stephen Kemble , Ann Hatton and Elizabeth Whitlock .

set: She was the elder sister of John Philip Kemble , Charles Kemble , Stephen Kemble , Ann Hatton and Elizabeth Whitlock , and the aunt of Fanny Kemble .


set: Acting was only just becoming a respectable profession for a woman .

set: Acting was only just becoming a respectable profession for a woman and initially her parents disapproved of her choice of profession .


set: For the next six years she worked in provincial companies , in particular those in York and Bath . Her next Drury Lane appearance on 10 October 1782 was very different .

set: For the next six years she worked in provincial companies ( in particular York and Bath ) , gradually building up a reputation , and her next Drury Lane appearance , on 10 October 1782 , could not have been more different .


set: Lady Macbeth was the play best adapted to her acting .

set: In Lady Macbeth she found the highest and best scope for her acting abilities .


set: Her most famous role was that of Lady Macbeth .

set: Her most famous role was that of Lady Macbeth ; it was the grandeur of her emotions as she expressed Lady Macbeth 's murderous passions that held her audiences spellbound .


set: However , there now exists the American Sarah Siddons Award for dramatic achievement in theater : a genuine and prestigious award , named in honor of Siddons .

set: However , since 1952 there exists the Sarah Siddons Award for dramatic achievement in theater : a genuine and prestigious award , named in honor of Siddons .


set: The London Underground had an electric locomotive built by Vickers named after her .

set: The London Underground had an electric locomotive built by Metropolitan-Vickers named after her .


set: Eventually , after tumultuous applause from the pit , the curtain reopened and Siddons was discovered sitting in her own clothes and character - whereupon she made an emotional farewell speech to the audience lasting eight minutes .

set: Eventually , after tumultuous applause from the pit , the curtain reopened and Siddons was discovered sitting in her own clothes and character â '' whereupon she made an emotional farewell speech to the audience lasting eight minutes .


set: Because of this , and other factors , her first appearances as Portia in the play The Merchant of Venice and in other parts were not well received . She received a note from the manager of Drury Lane saying that her services would not be required .

set: Owing to inexperience as well as other circumstances , her first appearances as Portia and in other parts were not well received and she received a note from the manager of Drury Lane stating that her services would not be required .


set: Her celebrity status has been called `` mythical '' and `` monumental '' . By `` the mid-1780s Siddons was established as a cultural icon . ''

set: Her celebrity status has been called `` mythical '' and `` monumental , '' and by `` the mid-1780s Siddons was established as a cultural icon . ''


set: She began as a ladies maid to Lady Greathead at Guyâ s Cliffe House , near the Saxon Mill , Coventry Road , Warks .

set: She began as a lady 's maid to Lady Greathead at Guyâ s Cliffe House , near the Saxon Mill , Coventry Road , Warks .


set: Garrick later sent someone to see her act as Calista in Thomas Rowe 's Fair Penitent . After this , she was engaged to appear at Drury Lane .

set: This brought her to the attention of David Garrick , who sent his deputy to see her as Calista in Nicholas Rowe 's Fair Penitent , the result being that she was engaged to appear at Drury Lane .


set: She was born Sarah Kemble in Brecon , Brecknockshire , Wales . She was the oldest daughter of Roger Kemble , an actor and manager .

set: She was born Sarah Kemble in Brecon , Brecknockshire , Wales , the eldest daughter of Roger Kemble , an actor-manager whose traveling company included most members of his family , and Sarah `` Sally '' Ward .


set: Their son John Siddons Corby , who founded the Corby trouser press company , had three children the youngest of whom was Peter John Siddons Corby ( the inventor of the Corby ` electric ' trouser press ) and was the father of Michael John Siddons Corby , born July 3rd 1951 .

set: Their son John Siddons Corby , who founded the Corby trouser press company , had three children the youngest of whom was Peter John Siddons Corby ( the inventor of the Corby ` electric ' trouser press ) and was the father of Michael John Siddons Corby , born July 3 , 1951 .


set: Mrs Siddons formally retired from the stage in 1812 , but continued to appear on special occasions .

set: Mrs. Siddons formally retired from the stage in 1812 , but occasionally appeared on special occasions .


set: In 1777 , she went to play in the provinces .

set: In 1777 , she went on `` the circuit '' in the provinces .


set: She was tall and had a striking figure , brilliant beauty , powerfully expressive eyes , and solemn dignity of demeanor . This allowed her to claim the character as her own .

set: She was tall and had a striking figure , brilliant beauty , powerfully expressive eyes , and solemn dignity of demeanor which enabled her to claim the character as her own .


set: She is very famous for the way she played the Shakespearean character Lady Macbeth .

set: She was most famous for her portrayal of the Shakespearean character , Lady Macbeth , a character she made her own .


set: At the time of the release of All About Eve , The Sarah Siddons Award was a purely fictitious award .

set: At the time of the release of the film All About Eve , the `` Sarah Siddons Award '' was a purely fictitious award .


set: In 1774 , Siddons had her first success as Belvidera in Thomas Otway 's Venice Preserved .

set: In 1774 , Siddons won her first success as Belvidera in Thomas Otway 's Venice Preserved .


set: After Lady Macbeth she played Desdemona in Othello , Rosalind in As You Like It , Ophelia and Volumnia , all with great success . In Queen Catherine she discovered a role that was almost as well adapted to her acting powers as that of Lady Macbeth .

set: After Lady Macbeth she played Desdemona , Rosalind , Ophelia and Volumnia , all with great success ; but it was as Queen Catherine in Henry VIII that she discovered a part almost as well adapted to her acting powers as that of Lady Macbeth .


set: Sarah Siddons ( 5 July 1755 -- 8 June 1831 ) was a British actress . She was the best-known actress who played tragedies of the 18th century .

set: Sarah Siddons ( 5 July 1755 â `` 8 June 1831 ) was a British actress , the best-known tragedienne of the 18th century .


set: It was the beginning of twenty years in which she was the queen of Drury Lane .

set: It was the beginning of twenty years in which she was the undisputed queen of Drury Lane .


set: Sarah Siddons died in 1831 in London . She is buried in Saint Mary 's Cemetery at Paddington Green .

set: Sarah Siddons died in 1831 in London and was interred there in Saint Mary 's Cemetery at Paddington Green .


set: Because of the strong flavor they are also an ingredient in several sauces , including Worcestershire sauce and many fish sauces , and in some versions of CafÃ de Paris butter .

set: Because of the strong flavor , they are also an ingredient in several sauces , including Worcestershire sauce , remoulade and many fish sauces , and in some versions of CafÃ de Paris butter .


set: Spawning occurs between October and March , but not in water colder than 12 Â C. The anchovy appears to spawn 100 kilometers from the shore , near the surface of the water .

set: Spawning occurs between October and March , but not in water colder than 12 Â C ( 53.6 Â F ) . The anchovy appears to spawn at least 100 kilometers ( 62 miles ) from the shore , near the surface of the water .


set: Setipinna taty or ikan bilis is the anchovy commonly used in South-East Asian cooking to make fish stock or sambals .

set: In Southeast Asian countries , dried anchovies are known as ikan bilis , setipinna taty , or in Indonesia ikan teri , with ikan being the Malay word for fish , or dilis in the Philippines .


set: The mouth is larger than those of herrings and silversides , two fish which they closely resemble .

set: The mouth is larger than that of herrings and silversides , two fish anchovies closely resemble in other respects .


set: The anchovy industry along the coast of Cantabria now dwarfs the traditional Catalan salters , though the industry was only started in Cantabria by Sicilian salters in the mid 19th century .

set: The anchovy industry along the coast of Cantabria , initiated in Cantabria by Sicilian salters in the mid 19th century , now dwarfs the traditional Catalan salters .


set: Anchovies preserved by being gutted and salted in brine , matured , then packed in oil , are an important food fish , both popular and infamous for their strong flavor .

set: When preserved by being gutted and salted in brine , matured , then packed in oil or salt , they acquire a characteristic strong flavor .


set: The anchovy eats plankton and fry ( recently-hatched fish ) .


set: The snout is blunt with small , sharp teeth in both jaws .

set: The snout is blunt with tiny , sharp teeth in both jaws .


set: Fishermen also use anchovies as bait for larger fish such as tuna and sea bass .

set: Fishermen also use anchovies as bait for larger fish , such as tuna and sea bass .


set: Anchovy is also used to produce budu , by fermentation process .

set: Anchovy is also used to produce budu , by a fermentation process .


set: It is also extremely important to marine mammals and birds ; for example , California brown pelicans and elegant terns . The breeding success of these birds is strongly connected to anchovy abundance .

set: It is also extremely important to marine mammals and birds ; for example , breeding success of California brown pelicans and elegant terns is strongly connected to anchovy abundance .


set: These reflections are due to a silver stripe that runs along the length of the fish from the base of the caudal fin .

set: Anchovies are small , green fish with blue reflections due to a silver longitudinal stripe that runs from the base of the caudal fin .


set: The anchovy is a good food source for almost every predatory fish in its environment , including the California halibut , rock fish , yellowtail , sharks , chinook , and coho salmon .

set: The anchovy is a significant food source for almost every predatory fish in its environment , including the California halibut , rock fish , yellowtail , sharks , chinook , and coho salmon .


set: In Roman times , they were the base for the fermented fish sauce called garum that was a staple of cuisine and an item of long-distance commerce produced in industrial quantities .

set: In Roman times , they were the base for the fermented fish sauce called garum that was a staple of cuisine and an item of long-distance commerce produced in industrial quantities , and were also consumed raw as an aphrodisiac .


set: It is maximum nine inches in length and body shape is variable with more slender fish in northern populations .

set: They range from 2 c to 40 c in adult length , and the body shape is variable with more slender fish in northern populations .


set: Anchovies can concentrate domoic acid which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning .

set: Anchovies can concentrate domoic acid , which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans , sea mammals , and birds .


set: The European anchovy , Engraulis encrasicolus , is the anchovy of commerce . Morocco now leads the world in canned anchovies .

set: The European anchovy , Engraulis encrasicolus , is the main commercial anchovy , with Morocco being the largest supplier of canned anchovies .


set: In English-speaking countries , alici are sometimes called `` white anchovies '' , and are often served in a weak vinegar marinade . This particular preservation method is associated with the coastal town of Collioure in south east France .

set: In English-speaking countries , alici are sometimes called `` white anchovies '' , and are often served in a weak vinegar marinade , a preservation method associated with the coastal town of Collioure in southeast France .


set:
They are also eaten by humans .
Anchovies are also eaten by humans .


set: Under British rule , the Village of Jamaica became the center of the `` Town of Jamaica '' .


set: Sandro Mazzola ( born 8 November 1942 ) is a former Italian football player .

set: Alessandro ( `` Sandro '' ) Mazzola ( born 8 November 1942 in Turin , Piedmont ) is an Italian former football player .


set: Astley recorded `` Never Gonna Give You Up '' in 1987 on his album Whenever You Need Somebody .

set: Astley recorded `` Never Gonna Give You Up '' on his 1987 album Whenever You Need Somebody .


set: On April Fools ' Day 2008 and the weeks after , many instances of Rickrolling showed up on the internet , and news media .

set: On April Fools ' Day 2008 and the following weeks , numerous seemingly uncoordinated instances of rickrolling appeared on the Internet , and news media .


set: It was also Astley 's first music video which features him performing the song while dancing .

set: As a means of promoting the song , it was also made into Astley 's first music video , which features him performing the song while dancing .


set: All of the featured videos on Youtube 's main page hyperlinked to the Rickroll .

set: All of the featured videos on YouTube 's front page hyperlinked to the rickroll .


set: Rickrolling is said to have began as a spin-off of an earlier prank called duckrolling . , which was when a link was supposed to lead to a picture or news story but would really link to an edited picture of a duck on wheels .

set: Rickrolling is said to have begun as a variant of an earlier prank from the imageboard 4chan known as duckrolling , in which a link to somewhere ( such as a specific picture or news item ) would instead lead to a thread or site containing an edited picture of a duck with wheels .


set: The victim was then said to have been duckrolled .

set: The user at that point is said to have been `` duckrolled . ''


set: This song was his debut single and was a Number One hit for him on many international charts like the Billboard Hot 100 , Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and UK Top 40 charts .

set: The song , his solo debut single , was a number one hit on several international charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 , Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and UK Singles Chart .


set: On October 27 , 2008 , at the Macy 's Thanksgiving Day Parade , Astley himself performed a live rickroll . He came out during the singing of `` Best Friends '' by the cast of Foster 's Home for Imaginary Friends and sang `` Never Gonna Give You Up '' .

set: On November 27 , 2008 , Astley participated in a live rickroll during the Macy 's Thanksgiving Day Parade while the Foster 's Home for Imaginary Friends characters were singing `` Best Friend '' , the theme from the 1970s TV series The Courtship of Eddie 's Father .


set: A poll in April 2008 by SurveyUSA guessed or estimated that at least 18 million American adults had been rickrolled .

set: An April 2008 poll by SurveyUSA estimated that at least 18 million American adults had been rickrolled .


set: The prank showed up on international YouTube portals before showing up on the main page .

set: The prank began with international YouTube portals before appearing on the main site .


set: Vicente RodrÃ guez ( born 16 July 1981 ) is a Spanish football player . He plays for Valencia .

set: Vicente RodrÃ guez GuillÃ n ( ; born 16 July 1981 in Valencia ) , simply Vicente , nicknamed El puÃ al de Benicalap ( The dagger of Benicalap ) , is a Spanish footballer who plays for Valencia CF in La Liga .


set: Sota Nakazawa ( born 26 October 1982 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Gamba Osaka .

set: Sota Nakazawa is a Japanese football player currently playing for Gamba Osaka .


set: The publication of the Seth books established her as an important person in the world of the paranormal .

set: Her publication of the Seth texts , known as the `` Seth Material '' , established her as one of the preeminent figures in the world of paranormal phenomena .


set: Jane Roberts ( May 8 , 1929 â `` September 5 , 1984 ) was an American author , psychic and trance medium who `` channeled '' a spirit named Seth .

set: Jane Roberts ( May 8 , 1929 -- September 5 , 1984 ) was an American author , poet , psychic and spirit medium , who said she had `` channeled '' a personality she called `` Seth '' .


set: Glenns Ferry is a city of Idaho in the United States .

set: Glenns Ferry is a city in Elmore County , Idaho , United States .


set: Anal Cunt are an American grindcore band , originating in Newton , Massachusetts .

set: Anal Cunt , also known as AxCx and A.C. , is an American grindcore band that formed in Newton , Massachusetts in 1988 .


set: As in all provinces on the Dominican Republic-Haiti border , there is little economic development .

set: As in all border provinces in the Dominican Republic , there is little economic development .


set: DajabÃ n is bordered to the north by the Monte Cristi province , to the east by the Santiago RodrÃ guez province and to the south by the ElÃ as PiÃ a province .

set: It is located in the northwestern part of the country , and is surrounded by the provinces Monte Cristi ( north ) , Santiago RodrÃ guez ( east ) and ElÃ as PiÃ a ( south ) .


set: The following table shows the municipalities with their populations in the 2002 census .

set: The following is a sortable table of the municipalities and municipal districts with population figures as of the 2002 census .


set: To the west DajabÃ n borders the Republic of Haiti .

set: To the west , DajabÃ n borders the Republic of Haiti .


set: It was created on 1938 with the name Province Libertador . It got its present name in 1961 .

set: It was split from Monte Cristi province in 1938 , and was called Libertador until 1961 .


set: Its capital city has the same name , DajabÃ n.

set: Its capital city is also called DajabÃ n.


set: There are five municipalities and four municipal districts in the province .

set: The province as of June 20 2006 is divided into the following municipalities ( municipios ) and municipal districts ( distrito municipal - D.M. ) within them :


set: The only important river in the province is the River DajabÃ n , also known as Masacre ( from French Massacre ) .

set: The only important river in the province is the DajabÃ n River , also known as Masacre ( from French Massacre ) .


set: DajabÃ n is a Dominican province ; it is located in the northwestern part of the country , on the border with Haiti .

set: DajabÃ n is a province of the Dominican Republic , on the border with Haiti .


set: The province takes the name from the TaÃ no name of the region , Dahaboon ; it was also the name of the main river of the region ( the River DajabÃ n ) .

set: The province takes its name from the TaÃ no name of the region , Dahaboon ; it was also the name of the main river of the region ( the DajabÃ n River ) .


set: Rice and bananas are produced in the northern part of the province , and cattle raising is important around the city of DajabÃ n.

set: Rice and banana are produced in the northern part of the province , and cattle raising is important in the savannas around the city of DajabÃ n.


set: The trade with Haiti is very important , mostly in the city of DajabÃ n. On the mountains , coffee and beans are important products .

set: The trade with Haiti is important , mostly in the city of DajabÃ n. On the mountains , production of coffee and beans is an important activity .


set: The idea of courtly love can be found in a lot of literature of that time , e.g. in works by Geoffrey Chaucer , Dante , Gottfried von Strassburg , Walther von der Vogelweide , Wolfram von Eschenbach , Malory and William Shakespeare .

set: This French tradition spread later to the German MinnesÃ nger , such as Walther von der Vogelweide and Wolfram von Eschenbach .


set: ( ( Image : KT Tunstall Seattle 2010 . jpg thumb ( 480x600 ) px right KT Tunstall ) ) Katherine Victoria `` Katie '' Tunstall , also known as KT Tunstall , is a Scottish singer and songwriter .

set: Sounds of the Season : The KT Tunstall Holiday Collection contains six exclusive tracks :


set: Gianni Rodari ( October 23 , 1920 in Omegna ( Novara ) - April 14 , 1980 in Rome ) was an Italian writer . He was famous for his books for children .

set: Gianni Rodari ( 23 October 1920 - 14 April 1980 ) was an Italian writer and journalist , most famous for his books for children .


set: A conurbation is an urban area that includes a number of cities , towns and villages which , through population growth and expansion , have physically merged to form one continuous built up area .

set: A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities , large towns , and other urban areas that , through population growth and physical expansion , have merged to form one continuous urban and industrially developed area .


set: Koya Shimizu ( born 15 June 1982 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Tokyo Verdy .

set: Koya Shimizu is a Japanese football player currently playing for Tokyo Verdy .


set: Craig Bellamy ( born 13 July 1979 ) is a Welsh football player . He plays for Manchester City and Wales national team .

set: Craig Douglas Bellamy ( born 13 July 1979 in Cardiff , Wales ) is a Welsh footballer who currently plays as a striker for Cardiff City on loan from Manchester City .


set: In 1978 , he married his college friend Cindy Costner . ( Cindy Costner later played a role in `` Dances with Wolves '' ) .

set: Kevin Costner became interested in acting while in college , and on graduation married Cindy Silva .


set: Chiasso is a municipality of the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .

set: Chiasso ( , or commonly ( Ë kjaË so ) ; in Lombard : Ciass ( tÊ as ) ) is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .


set: Guillermo Franco ( born 3 November 1976 ) is a Mexican football player .

set: Guillermo Luis Franco Farquarson ( born 3 November 1976 ) is a Argentine-born Mexican football striker who plays for VÃ lez SÃ rsfield .


set: Super Bowl XXXVI was an Super Bowl game played on February 3 , 2002 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana .

set: Super Bowl XXXVI was an American football game played on February 3 , 2002 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion following the 2001 regular season .


set: It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the VendÃ e department in the west of France .

set: Moreilles is a commune in the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


set: Martragny is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

set: Martragny is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


set: Before 1968 it was part of the Province of Udine .

set: The territory was carved out of the Province of Udine in 1968 .


set: The Province of Pordenone is a province in the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia in Italy .

set: The Province of Pordenone is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy .


set: In cryptography , a permutation box ( or P-box ) is a method of bit-shuffling used to permute or transpose bits ( rearrange or swap the order of bits ) across S-boxes inputs , maintaining diffusion while transposing .

set: In cryptography , a permutation box ( or P-box ) is a method of bit-shuffling used to permute or transpose bits across S-boxes inputs , retaining diffusion while transposing .


set: Ian MacKaye , Jeff Nelson , bassist Brian Baker , and guitarist Lyle Preslar formed Minor Threat in 1980 .

set: After that band broke up , MacKaye decided to switch from bass guitar to vocals , and organized Minor Threat with drummer Nelson , bassist Brian Baker , and guitarist Lyle Preslar .


set: Their first records were Minor Threat and In My Eyes in 1981 .

set: The band 's first 7 '' EPs , Minor Threat and In My Eyes , were released in 1981 .


set: Minor Threat was hardcore punk band from Washington DC from the 1980s .

set: Along with the fellow Washington , D.C. hardcore band Bad Brains and California band Black Flag , Minor Threat set the standard for many hardcore punk bands in the 1980s and 1990s .


set: The group toured through the United States .

set: The group became popular regionally , and toured the United States East Coast and Midwest .


set: All of Minor Threat 's records were released on the band 's own Dischord Records label .

set: All of Minor Threat 's records were released on Ian MacKaye and Jeff Nelson 's own label , Dischord Records .


set: Etzgen is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

set: Etzgen was a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


set: Juanele ( born 10 April , 1971 ) is a former Spanish football player .

set: Juan CastaÃ o QuirÃ s , aka Juanele ( born 10 April 1971 in GijÃ n , Asturias ) , is a retired Spanish footballer who played as a forward .


set: Hulluch is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

set: Hulluch is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


set: Leon Redbone is an American singer who was born on August 26 , 1949 . He is a singer and guitarist .

set: Leon Redbone ( born Dickran Gobalian , August 26 , 1949 ) is a singer and guitarist specializing in interpretations of early 20th-century music , including jazz and blues standards and Tin Pan Alley classics .


set: Giuseppe Rossi ( born 1 February 1987 ) is an Italian football player . He plays for Villarreal and Italy national team .

set: Giuseppe Rossi ( born 1 February 1987 ) is an American-born Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish club Villarreal CF and the Italian national team .


set: This idea was called biopoiesis , the process of living matter evolving from self-replicating but nonliving molecules .

set: This idea was called biopoiesis or biopoesis , the process of living matter evolving from self-replicating but nonliving molecules .


set: Besides the necessary basic organic monomers , compounds that would have prohibited the formation of polymers were formed in high concentration during the experiments .

set: Besides the necessary basic organic monomers , compounds that would have prohibited the formation of polymers were formed in high concentration during the Millerâ `` Urey and OrÃ experiments .


set: From the 17th century onwards it was gradually shown that , at least in the case of all the higher and readily visible organisms , the previous ideas were false .

set: It was gradually shown that , at least in the case of all the higher and readily visible organisms , the previous sentiment regarding spontaneous generation was false .


set: The most crucial unanswered challenge is how the relatively simple organic building blocks form more complex structures , and form a protocell .

set: More fundamentally , it can be argued that the most crucial challenge unanswered by this theory is how the relatively simple organic building blocks polymerise and form more complex structures , interacting in consistent ways to form a protocell .


set: One such approach , attempted by Craig Venter and others at The Institute for Genomic Research , involves engineering existing prokaryotic cells with progressively fewer genes , attempting to discern at which point the most minimal requirements for life were reached .

set: One such approach , successfully attempted by Craig Venter and others at The Institute for Genomic Research , involves engineering existing prokaryotic cells with progressively fewer genes , attempting to discern at which point the most minimal requirements for life were reached .


set: Despite this , the environment that existed in the Hadean was hostile to life , but how much so is not known .

set: Despite this , the Hadean environment was one highly hazardous to life .


set: The date of the zircon crystals found in the metamorphosed quartzite of Mount Narryer in Western Australia , has been pushed to 4.404 billion years . Beforehand , they were thought to be 4.1 â `` 4.2 billion years old .

set: This has been supported by Wilde who has pushed the date of the zircon crystals found in the metamorphosed quartzite of Mount Narryer in Western Australia , previously thought to be 4.1 â `` 4.2 Ga , to 4.404 Ga. .


set: Carbon entering into rock formations has a concentration of elemental Î 13C of about â ' 5.5 , where because of a preferential biotic uptake of 12C , biomass has a Î 13C of between â 20 and â ' 30 .

set: Carbon entering into rock formations has a ratio of Carbon-13 ( 13C ) to Carbon-12 ( 12C ) of about â ' 5.5 ( in units of Î 13C ) , where because of a preferential biotic uptake of 12C , biomass has a Î 13C of between â 20 and â ' 30 .


set: Mars continued to cool faster and eventually became hostile to the continued evolution or even existence of life ( it lost its atmosphere due to low volcanism ) , Earth is following the same fate as Mars , but at a slower rate .

set: Mars continued to cool faster and eventually became hostile to the continued evolution or even existence of life ( it lost its atmosphere due to low volcanism ) ; Earth is following the same fate as Mars , but at a slower rate .


set: He went on to explain that `` at the present day such matter would be instantly devoured or absorbed , which would not have been the case before living creatures were formed '' .

set: He went on to explain that `` at the present day such matter would be instantly devoured or absorbed , which would not have been the case before living creatures were formed . ''


set: It was once thought that a large amount of molecular oxygen was present in the prebiotic atmosphere , which would have stopped the formation of organic molecules ; however , this is not the case .

set: It was once thought that appreciable amounts of molecular oxygen were present in the prebiotic atmosphere , which would have essentially prevented the formation of organic molecules ; however , the current scientific consensus is that such was not the case .


set: A number of theories of modes of formation have been put forward .

set: A number of hypotheses of modes of formation have been put forward .


set: This means that oceans and continental crust existed within 150 million years of Earth 's formation .

set: This means that oceans and continental crust existed within 150 Ma of Earth 's formation .


set: Clay theory postulates that complex organic molecules arose gradually on a pre-existing non-organic platform , namely , silicate crystals in solution .

set: Clay theory postulates that complex organic molecules arose gradually on a pre-existing , non-organic replication platformâ '' silicate crystals in solution .


set: An article in a scientific publication suggests that seven different amino acids and 11 types of nucleobases formed in ice when ammonia and cyanide were left in a freezer from 1972 â `` 1997 .

set: An article in Discover Magazine points to research by the Miller group indicating the formation of seven different amino acids and 11 types of nucleobases in ice when ammonia and cyanide were left in a freezer from 1972 â `` 1997 .


set: The RNA world hypothesis suggests that relatively short RNA molecules could have spontaneously formed that were capable of catalyzing their own continuing replication .

set: The RNA world hypothesis describes an early Earth with self-replicating and catalytic RNA but no DNA or proteins . This has spurred scientists to try to determine if relatively short RNA molecules could have spontaneously formed that were capable of catalyzing their own continuing replication .


set: Freeman Dyson introduced a mathematical model in the 1980s . Stuart Kauffman developed the notion of autocatalytic sets , which was discussed later in that decade .

set: More abstract and theoretical arguments for the plausibility of the emergence of metabolism without the presence of genes include a mathematical model introduced by Freeman Dyson in the early 1980s and Stuart Kauffman 's notion of collectively autocatalytic sets , discussed later in that decade .


set: A recent experiment led by Jason Dworkin , subjected a frozen mixture of water , methanol , ammonia and carbon monoxide to UV radiation , mimicking conditions found in an extraterrestrial environment .

set: A 2001 experiment led by Jason Dworkin subjected a frozen mixture of water , methanol , ammonia and carbon monoxide to UV radiation , mimicking conditions found in an extraterrestrial environment .


set: Primitive reproduction can be envisioned when the bubbles burst , releasing the results of the experiment into the surrounding medium .

set: Primitive reproduction can be envisioned when the bubbles burst , releasing the results of the ` experiment ' into the surrounding medium .


set: The bubbles produced in these experiments were between 10 to 40 micrometers , or about the size of red blood cells .

set: The bubbles produced in these experiments were between 10 t , or about the size of red blood cells .


set: In an article entitled `` Self-Organizing Biochemical Cycles '' , Orgel summarizes his analysis of the proposal by stating , `` There is at present no reason to expect that multistep cycles such as the reductive citric acid cycle will self-organize on the surface of FeS\/FeS2 or some other mineral . ''

set: In an article entitled `` Self-Organizing Biochemical Cycles '' , the late Leslie Orgel summarized his analysis of the proposal by stating , `` There is at present no reason to expect that multistep cycles such as the reductive citric acid cycle will self-organize on the surface of FeS\/FeS2 or some other mineral . ''


set: Researchers have pointed out difficulties for the abiogenic synthesis of nucleotides from cytosine and uracil .

set: Researchers have pointed out difficulties for the abiotic synthesis of nucleotides from cytosine and uracil .


set: As of 2008 , no one has yet synthesized a `` protocell '' using basic components which would have the necessary properties of life ( the so-called `` bottom-up-approach '' ) .

set: No one has synthesized a `` protocell '' using basic components which would have the necessary properties of life ( the so-called `` bottom-up-approach '' ) .


set: Complete recirculation takes 10 million years , thus any organic compounds produced by then would be altered or destroyed by temperatures exceeding 300 Â C. They estimate that the development of a 100 kilobase genome of a DNA\/protein primitive heterotroph into a 7000 gene filamentous cyanobacterium would have required only 7 million years .

set: Complete recirculation takes 10 million years , thus any organic compounds produced by then would be altered or destroyed by temperatures exceeding 300 Â . They estimate that the development of a 100 kilobase genome of a DNA\/protein primitive heterotroph into a 7000 gene filamentous cyanobacterium would have required only 7 Ma .


set: The next most important step in research on prebiotic organic synthesis was the demonstration by John OrÃ that the nucleic acid purine base , adenine , was formed by the simple heating of solutions of ammonium cyanide .

set: Apart from the Millerâ `` Urey experiment , the next most important step in research on prebiotic organic synthesis was the demonstration by Joan OrÃ that the nucleic acid purine base , adenine , was formed by heating aqueous ammonium cyanide solutions .


set: If a protein came along that increased the integrity of its parent bubble , then that bubble had an advantage , and was placed at the top of the natural selection waiting list .

set: If a protein would increase the integrity of its parent bubble , that bubble had an advantage , and was placed at the top of the natural selection waiting list .


set: Another study suggested that adenine and guanine require freezing temperatures for synthesis , but cytosine and uracil are better synthesised at boiling temperatures .

set: Research by Stanley Miller and colleagues suggested that while adenine and guanine require freezing conditions for synthesis , cytosine and uracil may require boiling temperatures .


set: While bubbles composed mostly of water burst quickly , water containing amphiphiles forms much more stable bubbles , lending more time to the particular bubble to perform these crucial experiments .

set: While bubbles composed mostly of water burst quickly , water containing amphiphiles forms much more stable bubbles , lending more time to the particular bubble to perform these crucial reactions .


set: Whether the mixture of gases used in the Miller-Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of early Earth is a controversial topic .

set: Whether the mixture of gases used in the Millerâ `` Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of early Earth is a controversial topic .


set: This article also describes research showing the formation of RNA molecules 400 bases long under freezing conditions using an RNA template , a single-strand chain of RNA that guides the formation of a new strand of RNA .

set: This article also describes research by Christof Biebricher showing the formation of RNA molecules 400 bases long under freezing conditions using an RNA template , a single-strand chain of RNA that guides the formation of a new strand of RNA .


set: If he doubts of this let him go to Egypt , and there he will find the fields swarming with mice , begot of the mud of Nylus , to the great calamity of the inhabitants '' .

set: If he doubts of this let him go to Egypt , and there he will find the fields swarming with mice , begot of the mud of Nylus , to the great calamity of the inhabitants . ''


set: He suggested that the original spark of life may have begun in a `` warm little pond , with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts , lights , heat , electricity , etc. . A protein compound was then chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes '' .

set: In a letter to Joseph Dalton Hooker on February 1 , 1871 , Charles Darwin addressed the question , suggesting that the original spark of life may have begun in a `` warm little pond , with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts , lights , heat , electricity , etc. present , so that a protein compound was chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes '' .


set: Thomas Gold also asserted that a trickle of food from a deep , unreachable , source is needed for survival because life arising in a puddle of organic material is likely to consume all of its food and become extinct .


set: No real progress was made until 1924 when Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin reasoned that atmospheric oxygen prevented the synthesis of the organic molecules . Organic molecules are the necessary building blocks for the evolution of life .

set: No new notable research or theory on the subject appeared until 1924 , when Alexander Oparin reasoned that atmospheric oxygen prevents the synthesis of certain organic compounds that are necessary building blocks for the evolution of life .


set: Chiral molecules can be synthesized , but in the absence of a chiral source or a chiral catalyst are formed in a 50\/50 mixture of both kinds .

set: Chiral molecules can be synthesized , but in the absence of a chiral source or a chiral catalyst , they are formed in a 50\/50 mixture of both enantiomers .


set: For example , Martin and Russel show that cell membranes separating contents from the environment and self-organization of self-contained redox reactions are the most conserved attributes of living things .

set: For example Martin and Russel show that physical compartmentation by cell membranes from the environment and self-organization of self-contained redox reactions are the most conserved attributes of living things , and they argue therefore that inorganic matter with such attributes would be life 's most likely last common ancestor .


set: There are several main theories : The most notable are called iron-sulfur world theory ( also called metabolism first ) and RNA world hypothesis ( also called genetics first ) .

set: Several hypotheses about early life have been proposed , most notably the iron-sulfur world theory ( metabolism without genetics ) and the RNA world hypothesis ( RNA life-forms ) .


set: But in an environment with no pre-existing life these molecules may have accumulated and provided a rich environment for chemical evolution ( primordial soup theory ) .

set: The `` soup '' theory relies on the assumption proposed by Darwin that in an environment with no pre-existing life , organic molecules may have accumulated and provided an environment for chemical evolution .


set: A clay model for the origin of life was suggested by A. Graham Cairns-Smith .

set: A model for the origin of life based on clay was forwarded by A. Graham Cairns-Smith of the University of Glasgow in 1985 and explored as a plausible illustration by several other scientists , including Richard Dawkins .


set: Recently estimates of these sources suggest that the heavy bombardment before 3.5 Gyr ago within the early atmosphere made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by other energy sources .

set: Recently , estimates of these sources suggest that the heavy bombardment before 3.5 Ga within the early atmosphere made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by other energy sources .


set: Features of self-organization and self-replication are the hallmark of living systems . There are instances of abiotic molecules exhibiting such characteristics under proper conditions .

set: While features of self-organization and self-replication are often considered the hallmark of living systems , there are many instances of abiotic molecules exhibiting such characteristics under proper conditions .


set: In 1953 a graduate student , Stanley Miller , and his professor , Harold Urey , performed an experiment that showed how organic molecules could have formed on early Earth from inorganic precursors .

set: A graduate student , Stanley Miller , and his professor , Harold Urey , performed an experiment that demonstrated how organic molecules could have spontaneously formed from inorganic precursors , under conditions like those posited by the Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis .


set: Browne 's contemporary , Alexander Ross , wrote : `` To question this ( spontaneous generation ) is to question reason , sense and experience .

set: For example , his contemporary , Alexander Ross wrote : `` To question this ( i.e. , spontaneous generation ) is to question reason , sense and experience .


set: It is now reasonably well established that microbial life is plentiful at shallow depths in the Earth ( up to five kilometers below the surface ) in the form of extremophile archaea , rather than the better-known eubacteria ( which live in more accessible conditions ) .

set: It is now reasonably well established that microbial life is plentiful at shallow depths in the Earth , up to 5 k below the surface , in the form of extremophile archaea , rather than the better-known eubacteria ( which live in more accessible conditions ) .


set: Based on this research it was suggested the beginning of life involved freezing conditions and exploding meteorites .

set: Based on this research , Miller suggested a beginning of life involving freezing conditions and exploding meteorites .


set: Additional support comes from a recent discovery of a bacterial ecosytem whose energy source is radioactivity .

set: Additional support comes from a recent discovery of a bacterial ecosystem whose energy source is radioactivity .


set: The Spitzer Space Telescope has recently detected a star , HH 46-IR , which is forming by a process similar to the sun .

set: The Spitzer Space Telescope has recently detected a star , HH 46-IR , which is forming by a process similar to that by which the sun formed .


set: These droplets would `` grow '' by fusion with other droplets , and `` reproduce '' through fission into daughter droplets , and so have a primitive metabolism in which those factors which promote `` cell integrity '' survive , those that do not become extinct .

set: These droplets would `` grow '' by fusion with other droplets , and `` reproduce '' through fission into daughter droplets , and so have a primitive metabolism in which those factors which promote `` cell integrity '' survive , and those that do not become extinct .


set: However , the idea that a closed metabolic cycle , such as the reductive citric acid cycle , could form spontaneously ( proposed by GÃ 1\/4 nter WÃ chtershÃ user ) remains unsupported .

set: However , the idea that a closed metabolic cycle , such as the reductive citric acid cycle , could form spontaneously ( proposed by GÃ 1\/4 nter WÃ chtershÃ user ) remains debated .


set: In the 1980s and 1990s , GÃ 1\/4 nter WÃ chtershÃ user came up with the iron-sulfur world theory and Christian de Duve introduced models based on the chemistry of thioesters .

set: More recent variants in the 1980s and 1990s include GÃ 1\/4 nter WÃ chtershÃ user 's iron-sulfur world theory and models introduced by Christian de Duve based on the chemistry of thioesters .


set: These amino acids and small peptides could be encouraged to form closed spherical membranes , called microspheres .

set: These amino acids and small peptides could be encouraged to form closed spherical membranes , called proteinoid microspheres , which show many of the basic characteristics of ` life ' .


set: The discovery in the late 1990s of nanobes ( filamental structures that are smaller than bacteria , but that may contain DNA in deep rocks ) might be seen as lending support to Gold 's theory .

set: The discovery in the late 1990s of nanobes ( filamental structures that are smaller than bacteria , but that may contain DNA ) in deep rocks might be seen as lending support to Gold 's theory .


set: Evidence to support the plausibility of the concept is scant , but it finds support in recent study of Martian meteorites found in Antarctica and in studies of extremophile microbes .

set: Evidence to support the hypothesis is scant , but it finds support in recent study of Martian meteorites found in Antarctica and in studies of extremophile microbes .


set: Yet it was not until 1861 that Louis Pasteur performed a series of careful experiments . With these experiments , Pasteur proved that organisms such as bacteria and fungi do not appear in nutrient-rich media of their own accord in non-living material .

set: In 1861 , Louis Pasteur performed a series of experiments which demonstrated that organisms such as bacteria and fungi do not spontaneously appear in sterile , nutrient-rich media .


set: This combination yielded large numbers of organic material that self-organised to form bubbles when immersed in water .

set: This combination yielded large amounts of organic material that self-organised to form bubbles or micelles when immersed in water .


set: In 1668 , Redi showed that no maggots appeared in meat when flies were prevented from laying eggs .

set: The first solid evidence against spontaneous generation came in 1668 from Francesco Redi , who proved that no maggots appeared in meat when flies were prevented from laying eggs .


set: Life might also have started in a colder environment .

set: Other research suggests a colder start to life .


set: A study done in 1998 suggests that oceans may have appeared in the Hadean eon , about 200 million years after the earth had formed . According to the study , it was very hot then ( about 100 Â C at the start , dropping to 70 Â C during the Hadean ) .

set: Morse and MacKenzie have suggested that oceans may have appeared first in the Hadean eon , as soon as two hundred million years ( 200 Ma ) after the Earth was formed , in a hot 100 Â reducing environment , and that the pH of about 5.8 rose rapidly towards neutral .


set: Cytosine has a half-life of 19 days at 100 Â C and 17,000 years in freezing water .

set: Cytosine has a half-life of 19 days at 100 Â and 17,000 years in freezing water .


set: Sir Thomas Browne wrote a book called Pseudodoxia Epidemica , in 1646 . He gave it the subtitle Enquiries into very many received tenets , and commonly presumed truths .

set: In the 17th century , such assumptions started to be questioned ; for example , in 1646 , Sir Thomas Browne published his Pseudodoxia Epidemica ( subtitled Enquiries into Very many Received Tenets , and Commonly Presumed Truths ) , which was an attack on false beliefs and `` vulgar errors . ''


set: In his The Origin of Life , Oparin argued that a `` primeval soup '' of organic molecules could be created in an oxygen-less atmosphere through the action of sunlight .

set: Oparin argued that a `` primeval soup '' of organic molecules could be created in an oxygenless atmosphere through the action of sunlight .


set: Gold 's theory is that flow of food is due to out-gassing of primordial methane from the Earth 's mantle ; more conventional explanations of the food supply of deep microbes ( away from sedimentary carbon compounds ) is that the organisms subsist on hydrogen released by an interaction between water and ( reduced ) iron compounds in rocks .


set: The alternative seemed to be omne vivum ex ovo : that every living thing came from a pre-existing living thing ( literally , everything from an egg ) .

set: The alternative seemed to be biogenesis : that every living thing came from a pre-existing living thing ( omne vivum ex ovo , Latin for `` every living thing from an egg '' ) .


set: Around the same time J.B.S. Haldane also suggested that the Earth 's pre-biotic oceans , which were very different from what oceans are now , would have formed a `` hot dilute soup '' . In this soup , organic compounds , the building blocks of life , could have formed .

set: Around the same time , J. B. S. Haldane suggested that the Earth 's prebiotic oceansâ '' different from their modern counterpartsâ '' would have formed a `` hot dilute soup '' in which organic compounds could have formed .


set: For example , instead of the reductive citric acid cycle , the `` open '' acetyl-CoA pathway ( another one of the four recognized ways of carbon dioxide fixation in nature today ) would be even more compatible with the idea of self-organisation on a metal sulfide surface .

set: For example , instead of the reductive citric acid cycle , the `` open '' acetyl-CoA pathway ( another one of the five recognized ways of carbon dioxide fixation in nature today ) would be compatible with the idea of self-organisation on a metal sulfide surface .


set: The now-famous Millerâ `` Urey experiment used a highly reduced mixture of gases â `` methane , ammonia and hydrogen â `` to form basic organic monomers , such as amino acids .

set: The now-famous `` Millerâ `` Urey experiment '' used a highly reduced mixture of gasesâ `` methane , ammonia and hydrogenâ `` to form basic organic monomers , such as amino acids .


set: It is suggested that polarised light has the power to destroy one kind within the proto-planetary disk .

set: It is suggested that polarised light has the power to destroy one enantiomer within the proto-planetary disk .


set: The biologist John Desmond Bernal , coined the term Biopoesis for this process , and suggested that there were a number of clearly defined `` stages '' that could be recognized in explaining the origin of life .

set: The biologist John Desmond Bernal coined the term biopoesis for this process , and suggested that there were a number of clearly defined `` stages '' that could be recognized in explaining the origin of life .


set: In 1924 , Oparin talked about primitive vesicles that replicated themselves . This was before the structure of the DNA was found .

set: One of the earliest incarnations of this idea was put forward in 1924 with Alexander Oparin 's notion of primitive self-replicating vesicles which predated the discovery of the structure of DNA .


set: In 1768 Lazzaro Spallanzani proved that microbes came from the air , and could be killed by boiling .

set: In 1768 , Lazzaro Spallanzani demonstrated that microbes were present in the air , and could be killed by boiling .


set: Robert M. Hazen reports upon experiments conducted in which various chiral crystal surfaces , act as sites for possible concentration and assembly of chiral monomer units into macromolecules .

set: Robert M. Hazen reports upon experiments conducted in which various chiral crystal surfaces act as sites for possible concentration and assembly of chiral monomer units into macromolecules .


set: There is a theory that ascribes the first self-replicating object to be lipid-like .

set: This theory postulates that the first self-replicating object was lipid-like .


set: Bourgon is a commune of 587 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

set: Bourgon is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


set: He is an member of the Hockey Hall of Fame .

set: He is an Honoured Member of the Hockey Hall of Fame .


set: Claude Earl `` Chuck '' Rayner ( born - August 11 , 1920 in Kenora , Ontario , died - October 6 , 2002 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played nine seasons in the National Hockey League for the Brooklyn Americans and New York Rangers .

set: Claude Earl `` Chuck '' Rayner ( b. August 11 , 1920 in Sutherland , Saskatchewan - d. October 5 , 2002 ) was a Canadian professional hockey goaltender who played 9 seasons in the National Hockey League for the New York Americans and New York Rangers .


set: The remains of the storm were later taken in by a warm front around 2 am EDT ( 0600 UTC ) .

set: The remnants of the depression persisted until 2 am EDT ( 0600 UTC ) on May 30 , at which time it was absorbed by a warm front , south of Nova Scotia .


set: Around 7:30 pm EDT ( 2330 UTC ) , a QuikSCAT satellite flew over the depression and found tropical storm-force winds . But the NHC thought the depression did n't strengthen and that winds were affected by rain .

set: Around 7:30 pm EDT ( 2330 UTC ) , a QuickSCAT satellite pass over the depression found tropical storm-force winds ; however , the winds were determined to have been affected by rain and therefore not representative of the depression 's actual intensity .


set: The National Hurricane Center also reported that Tropical Depression One was also the farthest north a May tropical cyclone has ever formed .

set: Tropical Depression One was also the farthest north a May tropical cyclone is known to have formed , according to the NHC 's Tropical Cyclone Report .


set: Then on 8 pm EDT ( 0000 UTC on May 28 ) , the NHC stopped monitoring the storm , as the low was not expected to strengthen anymore .

set: The NHC issued their final outlook on the low around 8 pm EDT ( 0000 UTC on May 28 ) while the system was located about 90 mi ( 150 km ) east of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina , as development of the low was not expected .


set: At 5:00 pm EDT ( 2100 UTC ) , the NHC gave out its last advisory on Tropical Depression One .

set: At 5:00 pm EDT ( 2100 UTC ) the NHC issued their final advisory on Tropical Depression One .


set: When the storm became Tropical Depression One on May 28 , it was the third time since 1851 that an Atlantic tropical cyclone formed before June 1 , the official start of an Atlantic hurricane season . The depression followed Subtropical Storm Andrea of May 2007 and Tropical Storm Arthur of May 2008 .

set: When Tropical Depression One formed on May 28 , it marked the third time since 1851 , when reliable records in the Atlantic basin began , that a pre-season cyclone developed in three consecutive years , following Subtropical Storm Andrea which formed in May of 2007 and Tropical Storm Arthur in May of 2008 .


set: The first time this event happened was in 1932 , 1933 , and 1934 ; the second time it happened was in 1951 , 1952 , and 1953 .

set: The first occurrence of this was in 1932 , 1933 , and 1934 , and the second occurrence were the years of 1951 , 1952 , and 1953 .


set: On May 28 , the NHC started to monitor the storm again and on 11:00 am EDT ( 1500 UTC ) , they declared the storm to be a tropical cyclone and named it Tropical Depression One . At that time , the storm 's location was about 310 mi ( 500 km ) south of Providence , Rhode Island .

set: Around 11:00 am EDT ( 1500 UTC ) , they designated the system as Tropical Depression One while it was located about 310 mi ( 500 km ) south of Providence , Rhode Island .


set: After a quick burst of convection during the night , thunderstorm clouds inside the depression started to disappear by 3:00 am EDT ( 0700 UTC ) .

set: After a burst in convective activity overnight , shower and thunderstorm activity waned once more by 3:00 am EDT ( 0700 UTC ) .


set: On May 29 , the depression almost became a tropical storm , when the storm 's strength was measured at T2 .5 , or 40 mph ( 65 km\/h ) using the Dvorak technique . But some of the measurements were also low as T1 .5 , which was the reason why the NHC did n't call it a tropical storm .

set: Early on May 29 , Tropical Depression One nearly attained tropical storm status , with intensity estimates using the Dvorak Technique reaching T2 .5 , or 40 mph ( 65 km\/h ) ; however , the estimates were also as low as T1 .5 , leading to the intensity of the depression remaining at 35 mph ( 55 km\/h ) .


set: On May 27 , the storm was 120 miles ( 195 km ) south of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina when the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) decided to start monitoring the storm .

set: On May 27 , the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) began issuing Tropical Weather Outlooks for the low while it was located about 120 miles ( 195 kilometers ) south of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina .


set: During mid-May , a disorganized low pressure area formed in the Atlantic Ocean about 290 miles ( 465 kilometers ) south-southwest of Wilmington , North Carolina .

set: The following day , an area of low pressure developed along the boundary about 290 miles ( 465 km ) south-southwest of Wilmington , North Carolina .


set: The oldest anchors were just rocks , and many rock anchors have been found from a long time ago .

set: The earliest anchors were probably rocks and many rock anchors have been found dating from at least the Bronze Age .


set: Many modern moorings still use a large rock as the mooring block .

set: Many modern moorings still rely on a large rock as the primary element of their design . However , using pure mass to resist the forces of a storm only works well as a permanent mooring ; trying to move a large enough rock to another bay is nearly impossible .


set: It can be smaller and lighter than a deadweight anchor . The mushroom anchor is shaped like a mushroom , and the pyramid anchor is shaped like a pyramid with the apex pointing down .

set: The disadvantage of using deadweight anchors in conditions where a mushroom anchor could be used is that it needs to be around ten times the weight of the equivalent mushroom anchor .


set: When people talk about anchors , they are usually thinking about temporary anchors .

set: Vessels may carry a number of anchors : Bower Anchors ( formerly known as Sheet Anchors ) are the main anchors used by a vessel and normally carried at the bow of the vessel .


set: A deadweight anchors is a heavy weight . It can be used when the bottom is too hard for other types of anchors .

set: Consequently deadweight anchors are used where mushroom anchors are unsuitable , for example in rock , gravel or coarse sand .


set: There are two main types of anchors : temporary and permanent .

set: Anchors can either be temporary or permanent .


set: The Danforth style uses a stock at the crown ( see above ) , to which two large flat flukes are attached .

set: It uses a stock at the crown to which two large flat triangular flukes are attached .


set: A permanent anchor is called a mooring block and is not easily moved .

set: A permanent anchor is used in the creation of a mooring , and is rarely moved ; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain it .


set: On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and found that there were 545 people living in Coagh .

set: On Census day ( 29 April 2001 ) there were 545 people living in Coagh .


set: Articles about fictional characters of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who .

set: Articles about significant fictional characters in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .


set: ( 6 ) Magnesium compounds are used medicinally as common laxatives , antacids ( i.e. , milk of magnesia ) , and in a number of situations where stabilization of abnormal nerve excitation and blood vessel spasm is required ( i.e. , to treat eclampsia ) .


set: It is an alkaline earth metal and the eighth most abundant element in the Earth 's crust , where it constitutes about 2 % by mass , and ninth in the known Universe as a whole .

set: It is an alkaline earth metal and the seventh most abundant element in the Earth 's crust , where it constitutes about 2 % by mass , and ninth in the known Universe as a whole .


set: Magnesium ( \/ mÃ É Ë niË ziÉ m \/ mag-NEE-zee - É m ) is a chemical element with the symbol Mg , atomic number 12 and common oxidation state +2 .

set: Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg , atomic number 12 and common oxidation number +2 .


set: Magnesium ion 's high solubility in water helps ensure that it is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater .

set: Due to magnesium ion 's high solubility in water , it is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater .


set: Guam national football team is the national football team of Guam .

set: The Guam national football team is the national team of Guam , an overseas territory of the United States , and is controlled by the Guam Football Association .


set: The Aflac Duck is their mascot . Gilbert Gottfried does the voice for the Aflac Duck .

set: On March 23 , 2011 , Aflac announced that the company was taking applications for the new voice of the Aflac Duck through QuackAflac.com until April 1 .


set: Aflac helps people with insurance . The Aflac Duck is their mascot .

set: The Aflac brand has developed wide recognition recently with commercials starring the famous Aflac Duck on television which started airing in December 1999 .


set: The main town of Somerset was Somerton , but it is now Taunton . There are two cities in Somerset .

set: The districts of Somerset are West Somerset , South Somerset , Taunton Deane , Mendip and Sedgemoor .


set: Somerset is a county in South West England .

set: Somerset ( or ) is a county in South West England .


set: In 1996 Avon was split into 4 parts , which are now unitary authorities . People usually say that 2 of these parts ( named North Somerset and Bath and North East Somerset ) are part of Somerset , even though they have their own councils .

set: The two administratively independent unitary authorities , which were established on 1 April 1996 following the break up of the county of Avon , are North Somerset and Bath and North East Somerset .


set: Stephen Farrelly ( born January 28 , 1978 ) is a Irish professional wrestler who currently wrestles for World Wrestling Entertainment working on its SmackDown brand and competes under the ring name Sheamus .

set: Stephen Farrelly ( 28 January 1978 ) is an Irish professional wrestler and actor , best known by his ring names Sheamus and Sheamus O'Shaunessy . He is signed with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and competes on the Raw brand where he is the reigning King of the Ring , and the current WWE United States Champion .


set: Lead ( IV ) acetate , also known as plumbic acetate , is a chemical compound . Its chemical formula is Pb ( C2H3O2 ) 4 .

set: Lead ( IV ) acetate or lead tetraacetate is a chemical compound with chemical formula Pb ( C2H3O2 ) 4 and is a lead salt of acetic acid .


set: It can be prepared by reaction of red lead with acetic acid The other main lead acetate is lead ( II ) acetate .


set: It can be made by reacting lead ( II , IV ) oxide with acetic acid .

set: Lead ( IV ) acetate or lead tetraacetate is a chemical compound with chemical formula Pb ( C2H3O2 ) 4 and is a lead salt of acetic acid . It is commercially available often stabilized with acetic acid .


set: Chamois Niortais F.C. is a football club which plays in France .

set: The badge of Chamois Niortais features a chamois goat standing on a football , and the background of the crest is royal blue , which has featured in the club 's home colors since its foundation . When the club was founded in 1925 , Chamois Niortais adopted a white strip .


set: Zob Ahan Football Club is an Iranian football club based in Esfahan , Iran .

set: Zob Ahan Football Club is an Iranian football club based in Isfahan , Iran .


set: He was elected Governor of the state of West Virginia in the 2004 election . Manchin took office on January 17 , 2005 .

set: Manchin , a Democrat , was Governor of West Virginia from 2005 to 2010 .


set: Joseph ( Joe ) Manchin III ( born August 24 , 1947 in Farmington , West Virginia ) is an American politician .

set: Joseph `` Joe '' Manchin III ( born August 24 , 1947 ) is the junior United States Senator representing West Virginia .


set: 1 Esdras ( Greek Ë ) , Greek Ezra , is an ancient Greek version of the Biblical book of Ezra in use among ancient Jewry , the early church , and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness .

set: 1 Esdras ( Greek ) , Greek Ezra , is an ancient Greek version of the Biblical book of Ezra in use among ancient Jewry , the early church , and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness .


set: He journeyed to England for two years and returned to the colonies in 1760 , marrying again , this time to Elizabeth Corbin , and represented King William County in the Virginia House of Burgesses .

set: Braxton returned to the colonies in 1760 , marrying again , this time to Elizabeth Corbin , and represented King William County in the Virginia House of Burgesses .


set: He married a wealthy heiress named Judith Robinson at the age nineteen , but she died two years later , leaving him two daughters .

set: He married a wealthy heiress named Judith Robinson at the age nineteen , but she died two years later , leaving him two daughters , and he journeyed to England for two years .


set: He was born on Newington Plantation in King and Queen County , Virginia and educated at the William and Mary .

set: He was born on Newington Plantation in King and Queen County , Virginia and educated at the College of William and Mary .


set: Carter Braxton ( September 16 , 1736 -- October 10 , 1797 ) , was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and a representative of Virginia .

set: Carter Braxton ( September 16 , 1736 â `` October 10 , 1797 ) was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence , a planter , and a representative of Virginia .


set: Saint-Androny is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

set: Saint-Androny is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


set: In the 1950s Walt Disney created Disneyland in Anaheim California .

set: Walt Disney was the inaugural recipient of a star on the Anaheim walk of stars . The star was awarded in honor of Disney 's significant contributions to the city of Anaheim , California , specifically , Disneyland , which is now the Disneyland Resort .


set: Along with his brother Roy Disney , he was the founder of Walt Disney Productions ( now The Walt Disney Company ) .

set: As the co-founder ( with his brother Roy O. Disney ) of Walt Disney Productions , Disney became one of the best-known motion picture producers in the world .


set: Disney did not see Walt Disney World finished though because he died before it opened .

set: By the early 1960s , the Disney empire was a major success , and Walt Disney Productions had established itself as the world 's leading producer of family entertainment . Walt Disney was the Head of Pageantry for the 1960 Winter Olympics .


set: Disney even provided the voice for Mickey Mouse for many years .

set: However , Mickey 's voice and personality was provided by Disney until 1947 .


set: Walter Elias Disney ( December 5 , 1901 - December 15 , 1966 ) was a famous American entertainer , inventor , cartoonist , and entrepreneur .

set: Walter Elias `` Walt '' Disney ( December 5 , 1901 â `` December 15 , 1966 ) was an American film producer , director , screenwriter , voice actor , animator , entrepreneur , entertainer , international icon , and philanthropist .


set: In the 1950s Walt Disney created Disneyland in Anaheim California . Disneyland was the first modern theme park .

set: He is the namesake for Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the United States , as well as the international resorts Tokyo Disney , Disneyland Paris , and Disneyland Hong Kong .


set: Disney also bought the land for Walt Disney World Resort in Florida . Disney did not see Walt Disney World finished though because he died before it opened .

set: After Walt Disney 's death , Roy Disney returned from retirement to take full control of Walt Disney Productions and WED Enterprises .


set: A square kilometre ( sometimes written kmÂ ) is based on the SI unit of measurement of area , the square metre .

set: Square kilometre , symbol km2 , is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of surface area , the square metre , one of the SI derived units .


set: In this sense `` mother figure '' can be considered an archetype and instances can be found in various female characters with distinct personalities .

set: In this sense `` mother figure '' may be considered an archetype and may be identified in various characters with otherwise distinct ( non-generic ) personalities .


set: The rheas are flightless birds of the genus Rhea , native to South America .

set: The rheas are ratites ( flightless birds , with unkeeled sterna ) in the genus Rhea , native to South America .


set: Takahito Soma ( born 10 December 1981 ) is a Japanese football player .

set: Takahito Soma born December 10 , 1981 in Kawasaki , Kanagawa is a Japanese football player currently playing for German second division club FC Energie Cottbus .


set: Sodium permanganate is a chemical compound . Its chemical formula is NaMnO4 .

set: Sodium permanganate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaMnO4 .


set: The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette , which reached peak winds of 150 mph ( 240 km\/h ) .

set: The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette , which reached peak winds of 150 mph ( 240 km\/h ) , but did not significantly affect land .


set: There are some ways that help make lucid dreams more likely . Stephen LaBerge , a psychologist who studies lucid dreams , made the MILD ( mnemonic induction of lucid dreaming ) technique .

set: This practice only achieves lucid dreams as a secondary effect -- in contrast to Dream Yoga , which aims primarily at lucid dreaming .


set: There are many other ways to help someone lucid dream .

set: Many people report having experienced a lucid dream during their lives , often in childhood . Children seem to have lucid dreams more easily than adults .


set: Although some people can have lucid dreams without trying , most people do not have them often . It is important to be able to remember dreams , because if the dreamer does not remember them , he or she will not know if they were lucid dreams or not .

set: The first book to recognize the scientific potential of lucid dreams was Celia Green 's 1968 study Lucid Dreams .


set: The person can then try to control things in the dream because it is not real . In a lucid dream , it is possible to do anything the dreamer wants , such as flying .

set: A dream-initiated lucid dream ( DILD ) starts as a normal dream , and the dreamer eventually concludes it is a dream , while a wake-initiated lucid dream ( WILD ) occurs when the dreamer goes from a normal waking state directly into a dream state , with no apparent lapse in consciousness .


set: It is important to be able to remember dreams , because if the dreamer does not remember them , he or she will not know if they were lucid dreams or not . Remembering dreams becomes easier if they are written in a dream diary upon waking up .

set: Dream recall is the ability to remember dreams .


set: A lucid dream is a dream where the person knows that they are dreaming .

set: The following are common factors that influence lucid dreaming and techniques that people use to help achieve a lucid dream : Dream recall is the ability to remember dreams .


set: The dreamer should think `` the next time I am dreaming , I want to remember I am dreaming '' , and should concentrate on this while returning to sleep . There are many other ways to help someone lucid dream .

set: The first step to lucid dreaming is recognizing one is dreaming .


set: Spider monkeys have one offspring per year .

set: There are many theories about the evolution of the atelines ; one theory is that spider monkeys are most closely related to the woolly spider monkeys ( Bractyteles ) , and most likely split from the woolly monkeys ( Lagothrix and Oreonax ) in the South American lowland forest , to evolve their unique locomotory system . This theory is not supported by fossil evidence , but there are fossils showing spider monkeys living in Cuba in recent times .


set: He finished the playoffs with a 1.53 goals-against average .

set: In the playoffs , the Bruins won only one of their four games ; their only win was on the strength of Thompson 's shutout , who finished the playoffs with a 1.53 goals-against average .


set: Thompson also received $ 1000 from Boston . Art Ross , still the manager of the Bruins , predicted that Thompson would play five more years for Detroit ; however , he only played two .

set: Boston manager Art Ross predicted that Thompson , now 35 , would play for the Red Wings for at least another five seasons ; however , Thompson remained with the team for only two seasons before retiring from playing .


set: He played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He played 10 seasons with the Boston Bruins and two seasons with the Detroit Red Wings .

set: He played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , first for the Boston Bruins , and later for the Detroit Red Wings .


set: He was one of the first goaltenders in the NHL to catch the puck in order to stop it .

set: He was one of the first NHL goaltenders to catch the puck with his hand to make a save , and helped popularize the technique .


set: Early in the sixth overtime period , a pass from Boston player Eddie Shore was intercepted . Ken Doraty of the Maple Leafs went for a breakaway , meaning that he had the puck and was skating toward the other team 's net with out any defender between him and Thompson .

set: Early in the sixth overtime period , a pass from Boston defenseman Eddie Shore was intercepted , and Ken Doraty skated in on a breakaway , cleanly beating Thompson at 4:46 of the period .


set: Thompson helped to make common the technique of catching the puck as a method of making a save .

set: Thompson helped popularize the technique of catching the puck as a method of making a save .


set: In the 1920 â `` 21 season , Thompson played for Calgary Alberta Grain . In the next three seasons , he played for a team in Bellevue , Alberta .

set: After spending the 1920 â `` 21 season playing for Calgary Alberta Grain , Thompson played three seasons in Bellevue , Alberta .


set: With Thompson in goal , the Mustangs won against Currie Army , 8 â `` 4 , to tie the best-of-five series at two wins each .

set: With Thompson in goal , the Mustangs defeated Currie Army 8 â `` 4 to tie the best-of-five series at two wins apiece .


set: Throughout his entire NHL career career , Thompson made 81 shutouts , which is sixth all-time in NHL history , which was second to only George Hainsworth ( who had 94 ) when Thompson stopped playing .

set: Throughout his entire NHL career , Thompson accrued 81 shutouts , which is sixth all-time in NHL history , and was second to only George Hainsworth ( who had 94 ) when Thompson retired .


set: In the 1937 â `` 38 , Thompson played his last entire season with the Bruins . He won 30 out of the 48 games , but Boston lost to the Maple Leafs once again in the playoffs .

set: In 1937 â `` 38 , his final full season with the Bruins , he won 30 out of the 48 games , but Boston lost to the Maple Leafs once again in the playoffs .


set: He played the deciding game , but his team fell short of winning the Alberta title with a 3 â `` 1 loss .

set: He played the deciding game , but his team fell short of winning the Alberta title with a 3 â `` 1 loss to Currie Army .


set: To make space for Brimsek , Thompson was traded to the Detroit Red Wings for Normie Smith and $ 15,000 . Thompson also received $ 1000 from Boston .

set: To make space for Brimsek , Thompson was traded to the Detroit Red Wings for Normie Smith and $ 15,000 ; Thompson also received a $ 1,000 bonus from Boston .


set: During his time in the NHL , Thompson made 81 shutouts .

set: During his NHL career , he recorded 81 shutouts , the sixth highest of any goaltender .


set: During that time , he appeared in 118 games , making 33 shutouts . He had a 1.37 goals-against average , which is an average of goals surrendered in a span of sixty minutes ) .

set: In his three seasons with the Millers , he appeared in 118 games , recording 33 shutouts with a 1.37 goals against average ( average of goals surrendered in a span of sixty minutes ) .


set: Thompson was described by Johnny Bower , a former goaltender who was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , as being able to play the puck well with his stick , and one of the best of his time at passing the puck .

set: Thompson was described by Johnny Bower , a former goaltender who was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , as a good puckhandler , and one of the best of his time at forward passing .


set: Although Boston lost , their coach 's idea was described as `` amazing '' .

set: Even though Boston still lost , coach Art Ross ' maneuver was described as `` amazing '' the following day , and this technique , known as `` open net '' , caught on with the rest of the league .


set: He coached the Bisons for 56 games in two seasons .

set: He coached 56 games in two seasons . The Bisons missing the playoffs both times .


set: That season , Boston won all but six games , finishing with a 38 â `` 5 â `` 1 record , which is the highest-ever winning percentage of any team in the NHL .

set: Boston won all but six games , finishing with a 38 â `` 5 â `` 1 record , the best winning percentage for any team in a season .


set: At the start of the 1938 â `` 39 season , after ten entire seasons with Boston , he was traded to the Detroit Red Wings , where he played the rest of the season , and played another full one before stopping .

set: At the start of the 1938 â `` 39 season , after ten full seasons with Boston , he was traded to the Detroit Red Wings , where he completed the season , and played another full one before retiring .


set: In the 1940 â `` 41 season , he started to coach the Buffalo Bisons of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) .

set: After retiring from professional play , Thompson became the head coach of the Buffalo Bisons of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) in the 1940 â `` 41 season .


set: In the 1924 â `` 25 season , he joined the Duluth Hornets . He played 40 games for the Hornets .

set: In the 1924 â `` 25 season , he joined the Duluth Hornets , playing 40 games , recording a shutout in 11 of them .


set: He grew up in Calgary , Alberta . In 1906 , his brother Paul was born in Calgary .

set: Thompson grew up in Calgary , Alberta , where his brother , Paulâ '' who also became a professional ice hockey playerâ '' was born in 1906 .


set: He was the first goaltender in the NHL to record an assist by passing the puck with his stick to a player on his team .

set: A competent puckhandler , he was the first goaltender in the NHL to record an assist by passing the puck with his stick to a fellow player .


set: He won the Vezina Trophy , given to the NHL 's best goaltender , four times . He was added to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959 .

set: A four-time Vezina Trophy winner , Thompson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959 .


set: After stopping playing , he coached some lower-league teams before becoming a famous professional scout .

set: After retiring from playing , he coached lower-league teams before becoming a noted professional scout .


set: His 38 wins during that season was a Boston record that was beat only in the 1982 â `` 83 season , by Pete Peeters ; since then , no Bruins goaltender has had more than 37 wins in a season .

set: His 38 wins during that season was a Boston record that was eclipsed only in the 1982 â `` 83 season , by Pete Peeters ( who won 40 of 62 games played ) ; since then , no Bruins goaltender has had more than 37 wins in a season .


set: In the next season , Thompson joined the Minneapolis Millers of the American Hockey Association ( AHA ) .

set: The following season , Thompson joined the Minneapolis Millers of the American Hockey Association ( AHA ) .


set: When Cecil was a child , he enjoyed playing baseball and ice hockey .

set: As a child , he enjoyed playing baseball and ice hockey .


set: Thompson played only five games in the 1938 â `` 39 season , because the Bruins decided to replace him with Frank Brimsek .

set: Thompson appeared in only five games for the Bruins in the 1938 â `` 39 season , as Boston decided to replace the aging goaltender with the substantially younger Frank Brimsek .


set: In the five playoff games , Thompson made three shutouts , and gave up only three goals during the playoffs .

set: Thompson recorded three shutouts in the five playoff games , and gave only three goals .


set: At end of the fifth overtime period , managers Conn Smythe of the Maple Leafs and Art Ross of the Bruins ask the president of the NHL , Frank Calder , to stop the game , and finish it later . Calder refused .

set: After the end of the fifth overtime period , managers Conn Smythe of the Maple Leafs and Art Ross of the Bruins asked league president Frank Calder to suspend the game , but Calder refused .


set: Even though he lost the game , he was applauded loudly by the fans at Maple Leaf Gardens . This game was the second-longest ever played in the NHL .

set: The losing goaltender in the second-longest NHL game , Thompson received a standing ovation from fans at the Maple Leaf Gardens .


set: In the 1931 â `` 32 season , Boston did not play in the playoffs for the first time when Thompson played for them .

set: The Bruins missed the playoffs for the first time in Thompson 's career in the 1931 â `` 32 season .


set: Earlier in the playoffs , his streak of winning his first seven games was ended . It remains the longest winning streak to start a playoff career .

set: Earlier in the playoffs , Thompson 's winning streak of seven playoff games was snapped ; it remains , as of 2008 , the longest playoff winning streak to start a career .


set: In one game , Boston won against Toronto 6 â `` 0 , but they lost the other game 8 â `` 0 .

set: In one game , the Bruins shut out Toronto 6 â `` 0 , while they lost the other game 8 â `` 0 .


set: At end of the season , he won his fourth and last Vezina Trophy , and was named to the First All-Star team for the second time .

set: Thompson set a new record by winning his fourth Vezina Trophy , which was his last victory . He was also named to the First All-Star team for the second time .


set: Thompson got his second Vezina Trophy in the 1932 â `` 33 season , making 11 shutouts and getting a 1.76 goals-against average .

set: Thompson became the second goaltender to win his second Vezina Trophy in 1932 â `` 33 since its inception in the 1926 â `` 27 season , as he recorded 11 shutouts and a 1.76 goals-against average .


set: He is the only goaltender that is in the Hockey Hall of Fame that has made a shutout in his first game .

set: In his first game he posted a shutout , becoming the only Hockey Hall of Fame goaltender to accomplish this feat .


set: In the 1940 â `` 41 season , he played one game for the Bisons as an emergency goaltender .

set: He appeared in one game as goaltender in the 1940 â `` 41 season .


set: The next season , Boston made the playoffs again , but they lost to the Toronto Maple Leafs .

set: The next season , Boston made the playoffs once more , losing to the Toronto Maple Leafs .


set: During World War II , Thompson served in the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) . He was also the coach of the Calgary RCAF Mustangs of the Alberta Senior Hockey League .

set: During World War II , Thompson served in the Royal Canadian Air Force and doubled as the coach of the Calgary RCAF Mustangs of the Alberta Senior Hockey League .


set: Even though Thompson lost more games than he won in the playoffs , he finished wit a 1.23 goals-against average .

set: Thompson finished the playoff series with 1.23 goals-against average , despite a losing record .