Ṣé ìkankan nínu wa máa dókówò ní ilé-iṣẹ́ tuntun, aṣekúpani yẹn?


Tobacco is one of the most pressing global issues of our time, and most of us are far more complicit in the problem than we may realize.


Kùkúyè jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó ń fẹ́ àmójútó jù ní àsìkò wa, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wa sì lọ́wọ́ nínú wàhálà náà ju bóṣe yéwa lọ.


So, the super fund representative explained to me that tobacco companies would be found in the international shares portion of my portfolio.


Nítorí náà, aṣojú owó ńlá ṣàlàyé fún mi wí pé màá rí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè ní àyẹ̀ ìpín-ìdókówò ilẹ̀-òkèrè mi.


"So I asked him, ""Well, which international shares do I have?"


"Mo bi í léérè, ""ó dáa, ìpín-ìkókówò ilẹ̀-òkèrè wo ni mo ni?"


He got back to me two weeks later with this list: my number one holding in international shares was British American Tobacco.


""" Ó kàn sí mi lẹ́yìn òsẹ̀ méjì pẹ̀lú ìwé yìí: ìdókówò mi àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìpín ìdókówò ilẹ̀-òkèrè jẹ́ ti British America Tobacco."


Number two, Imperial Tobacco.


Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì, Imperial Tobacco.


Number four, Philip Morris.


Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kẹ́rin, Philip Morris.


And number five, the Swedish Match company.


Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀karùn, ilé-isẹ́ Swedish Match.


Four of the top five companies were tobacco companies, my investments, an oncologist.


Mẹ́rin nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ márùn tó wà lókè ténté jẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè, ìdókówò tèmi, onímọ̀ nípa ààrun jẹjẹrẹ.


And then I realized it wasn't just me.


Nígbà náà ni mo mọ̀ wí pé kìí ṣe èmi nìkan.


It was all members of my super fund.


Gbogbo àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ owó ńlá mi ni.


And then I realized it wasn't just my super fund, it was all of them.


Nígbà náà ni mo mọ̀ wí pé kìí ṣe owó ńlá mi nìkan, gbogbo wọn ni.


And then I realized, it wasn't just superannuation funds, it was banks, insurers and fund managers.


Nígbà náà ni mo mọ̀, kìí ṣe ilé-iṣẹ́ owó ìfẹ̀yìntì nìkan, àwọn ilé-ìfowópamọ́, abánidójútòfò àti àwọn alámòjútó owó.


And then I realized it wasn't just Australia.


Mo wá mọ̀ wí pé kìí ṣe orílẹ̀-ède Australia nìkan.


It was the entire global finance sector, completely tangled up with the tobacco industry.


Gbogbo ẹ̀ka owó lágbàyé ni, wọ́n sopọ̀ pátápátá mọ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè.


The industry that makes products that kill seven million people every year.


Ilé-iṣẹ́ tó ń pèsè èròjà tó ń pa mílíọ́nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún.


So I started discussing the issue with my superannuation fund, and I've been discussing it ever since.


Mo bẹ̀rẹ̀ síní jírórò nípa ọ̀rọ̀ náà pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ owó-ìfẹ̀yìntì mi, mo dẹ̀ ti ń sọ ọ́ látígbà náà.


Finance leaders have many challenging issues to deal with, these days.


Àwọn adarí owó ní oríṣiríṣi ìpeníjà láti kojú, lásíkò yìí.


So I suggest they adopt a framework that clearly articulates why it is reasonable to take a strong position on tobacco.


Mo dá a lábà pé kí wọ́n lo ètò-ìgbésẹ̀ kan tí yóò sọ ìdí tí ó fi bá ìrònú mu láti gbé ìgbésẹ̀ tó le lóri kùkúyè.


I suggest finance leaders ask a suite of three questions of any company in which they might invest our money.


Mo dá a lábà pé kí àwọn adarí bérè àpapọ̀ ìbéérè mẹ́ta nípa àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n lè ti kó owóo wa sí.


Question one: Can the product made by the company be used safely?


Ìbéérè àkọ́kọ́: Ǹjẹ́ èròjà tí ilé-iṣẹ́ náà ń pèsè lè di lílò láìséwu?


No is the answer for tobacco companies.


"""Rárá"" ni ìdáhùn fún àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè."


Zero is the only safe number of cigarettes for a human being.


Òdo nìkan ni iye àìléwu sìgá fún ọmọ ènìyàn.


It could not be more black and white.


Kò lè ju dúdú àti funfun lọ.


Question two: Is the problem caused by the company so significant on a global level that it is subject to a UN treaty or convention?


Ìbéérè kejì: Ǹjẹ́ wàhálà tí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ náà ń dá sílẹ̀ nípa ní ìpele àgbáyé débi pé ó wà lábẹ́ àdéhùn tàbí àpérò UN?


Yes is the answer for tobacco.


"""Bẹ́ẹ̀ ni"" ni ìdáhùn fún kùkúyè."


Indeed there is a UN tobacco treaty that has been ratified by 180 countries.


Lóòtọ́ àdéhùn kùkúyè UN kan wà tí àwọn orílẹ̀-ède bi ọgọ́sàn ti fọwọ́ sí.


The treaty was created because of the catastrophic global impact of tobacco.


Wọ́n ṣẹ̀da àdéhùn náà nítorí ipa ewu kùkúyè lágbàyé.


The current forecast is that the world is on track for one billion tobacco-related deaths this century.


Àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ ni wí pé orílẹ̀-èdè àgbáyé ń wà lójú ọ̀nà fún bílíọ́nù kan ikú tó tan mọ́ kùkúyè ní ọ̀rún odún yìí.


One billion deaths.


Bílíọ́nù ikú kan.


There's only seven billion of us.


Bílíọ́nù méje péré niwa.


Question three relates to the concept of engagement.


Ìbéérè kẹ́ta tan mọ́ èro ìsọ̀rọ̀-papọ̀.


Many financial organizations genuinely want to be good corporate citizens.


Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ owó ni wọ́n fẹ́ di ọmọ-ìlú gidi lóòtó.


They want to use their shareholder power to sit down with companies, engage with them, and encourage them to do better things.


Wọ́n fẹ́ lo agbára ìpín-ìdókówò wọn láti jókòó pẹ̀lú àoẉn ilé-iṣẹ́, bá wọn sọ̀rọ̀, kí wọ́n sì ṣe ìwúrí fún wọn láti ṣe ǹkan gidi.


So the question is: Can engagement with the company be an effective lever for change?


Ìbéérè náà ni wí pé: Ǹjẹ́ sísọ́rọ̀ papọ̀ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ náà lè jẹ́ àtẹ̀gùn fún àyípadà?


Engagement with the tobacco industry is futile.


Sísọ́rọ̀ papọ̀ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè ò le so èso rere.


The only acceptable outcome would be if tobacco companies ceased their primary business.


Àbájáde tó ṣe é gbà ni tí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè bá dáwo ́òwò ìpìlẹ wọn gangan dúró.


In fact, engagement with the tobacco industry has never led to less human death.


Lóòtọ́, sísọ́rọ̀ papọ̀ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè ò tíì yọrí sí àdínkù ikú ọmọ ènìyàn rí.


When we consider that framework, three simple questions, we can see that is reasonable and defensible to take a strong position and exclude investment in the tobacco industry.


Tí a bá wo ètò-ìgbésẹ̀ yẹn, ìbéérè tó rọrùn mẹ́ta, a lè ri wí pé ó bá ìrònú mu ó sì ṣe é dúró tì láti gbé ìgbésẹ̀ alágbára ká sì yọ ìdókówò nínu ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè kúrò.


In addition to the UN tobacco treaty, there is, in fact, another global treaty that demands that we act on tobacco.


Ní àfikún sí àdéhùn kùkúyè UN, lóòtọ́, àdéhùn àgbáyé mìíràn wà tó pè fún gbígbé ìgbésẹ̀ lóri kùkúyè.


In 2015, the UN adopted the Sustainable Development Goals.


Ní ọdún 2015, UN gba àwọn ìpinnu ìdàgbàsókè alálòpẹ́ wọlé.


Now, we're talking about tobacco, and I know you're going to jump straight to number three: good health and well-being.


Ní báyìí, à ń sọ̀rọ̀ nípa kùkúyè, mo dè mọ̀ pé e máa fò tààrà sí ẹléèkẹ́ta ni: ìlera tó dára àti wíwà lálàáfíà.


And indeed, ramping up tobacco control regulation is essential if we're going to achieve that goal.


Lóòtọ́, ìrólágbára òfin tó ń darí kùkúyè ṣe pàtàkì tí a bá fẹ́ kí ìpinnu yẹn di ṣíṣe.


However, look a bit more deeply, and you will find that 13 of the 17 goals cannot be achieved unless there is a major shake-up of the tobacco industry.


Síbẹ̀, ẹ fi ojú inú wò ó díẹ̀ si, ẹ ó sì ri wí pé ìpinnu mẹ́tàlá nínu mẹ́tà-dín-lógún ò lè di ṣíṣe àyàfi tí àtúntò tó lágbára bá débá ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè.


Personally, my favorite goal is number 17: partnerships for the goals.


Fún èmi, ìpinnu kẹtà-dín-lógún ni mo fẹ́ràn jù: àjọṣepọ̀ fún ìpinnu náà.


At present, we have the entire global health sector doing everything it can to help the tidal wave of patients suffering as a result of tobacco.


Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ yìí, a ní gbogbo ẹ̀ka ìlera àgbáyé tí wọ́n ń ṣe gbogbo ǹkan tí wọ́n lè ṣe láti ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn aláìsàn tí wọ́n ńjẹ̀ rora ìpadàbọ kùkúyè.


But that said, in the past year alone, seven million people have died, so clearly, that is not enough.


Ṣùgbọ́n lẹ́yìn tí a ti sọ èyí, ní ọdún tó lọ nìkan, mílíọ́nù méje ènìyàn ti kú, kedere ni, ìyen ò tó.


We also have governments aligned on tobacco, 180 of them, busily trying to implement the provisions of the UN tobacco treaty.


A ní àwọn ìjọba tí wọ́n tò sẹ́yìn kùkúyè, ọgọ́sàn nínu wọn, tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú láti ṣàmúlò ìpèsè àdéhun kùkúyè UN.


But that, too, is not enough.


Ṣùgbọ́n ìyẹn, bákan náà, kò tó.


If the global finance sector continues to lend money to tobacco companies, to invest in tobacco companies, and to strive to profit from tobacco companies, we are working against each other.


Tí ẹ̀ka owó lágbàyé bá tẹ̀síwájú láti máa yá àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè lówó, láti dókówò nínu kùkúyè, tó sì ń gbìyànjú láti jèrè lára ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè, à ń ṣiṣẹ́ tako arawa ni.


"Now, if we are going to disrupt what doctors call ""the global tobacco epidemic,"" we need every sector of society to stand side by side and be part of the solution."


"Ní báyìí, tí a bá fẹ́ ṣe ìdíwọ́ fún ǹkan tí àwọn oníṣégùn-òyìnbó pè ní ""àjàkálẹ̀ ààrun kùkúyè lágbàyé,"" a nílò kí gbogbo ẹka láwùjọ dúró fẹ̀gbẹ́-kẹ́gbẹ̀ kí wọ́n wà lára ìyanjú náà."


So I call on finance leaders to implement a framework to deal with sensitive issues.


Mò ń pe gbogbo adarí ẹ̀ka owó láti ṣe àmúlò ètò-ìgbésẹ̀ kan láti gbógun ti ọ̀rọ̀ ńlá yìí.


And I call on them to uphold global conventions.


Mo dẹ̀ ń kesí wọn láti ṣiṣẹ́ tọ àwọn àpérò àgbáyé.


But in addition, there are business risks.


Ṣùgbọ́n ní àfikún, ewu ìṣòwò wà níbẹ̀.


Pure financial risks, associated with being invested in the tobacco industry over the long term, and I ask finance leaders to consider them.


Àwọn ewu owó aláìlábúlà, tó níṣe pẹ̀lú ìdókówò ní ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè fún ìgbà pípẹ́, mo sì ń rọ àwọn adarí ẹ̀ka-owó láti bojú wò wọ́n.


The first risk is that fewer and fewer people will smoke, as a result of increasing tobacco regulation.


Ewu àkọ́kọ́ ni wí pé àwọn ènìyàn díẹ̀díẹ̀ ni yóò ma mu sìgá, gẹ́gẹ́ bi àbájáde ṣíṣe àfikún òfin kùkúyè.


Regulation gets noticed, regulation reduces consumption, and we have 180 countries committed to more regulation.


Wọ́n máa ń kẹ́fín òfin, òfin máa ń ṣe àdínkù ìlo rẹ̀, a sì ní ọgọ́sàn (180) orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ṣetán láti ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òfin.


Let's talk about litigation and the risk that presents.


Ẹ jẹ́ ká sọ nípa ìgbésẹ̀ òfin àti ewu tó lè fà.


At present, it's the business model of the tobacco industry that is being challenged.


Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ yìí, àto òwo ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè ni à ń takò.


Currently, the tobacco industry externalizes all of the health costs associated with tobacco.


Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ yìí, ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè ń ṣe àyọkúrò gbogbo ewu ìlera tó tan mọ́ kùkúyè.


Governments pay, communities pay, you pay, I pay.


Ìjọbá ń san, àwùjọ ń san, ìwọ́ ń san, èmí ń san.


The tobacco industry externalizes all those costs, with an estimated one trillion US dollars per year.


Ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè ń ṣe àyọkúrò gbogbo ìnáwò yìí, pẹ̀lú apapọ̀ tírílíọ́nù kan dọ́là orílẹ̀-ède US lọ́dún kànkan.


Yet they internalize and privatize the profits.


Síbẹ̀ wọ́n ń ṣe àpasílé àti àdáni àwọn èrè.


In 2015, in Quebec province, the courts determined that the tobacco industry was indeed responsible for those health costs, and ordered them to pay 15 billion US dollars.


Ní ọdún 2015, ní agbègbe Quebec, ilé-ẹjọ́ pinnu pé ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè ni wọ́n ṣe okùnfa àwọn ìnáwó ìlera wọ̀nyẹn, wọ́n sì pàṣẹ fún wọn láti san bílíọ́nù mẹ́ẹ̀dógún dọ́là orílẹ̀-ède US.


That case is under appeal.


Ẹjọ́ yẹn wà ní ilé-ẹjọ́ kò tẹ́milọ́rùn.


But it begs the question, why should any of us, in any country, be paying for the costs of the tobacco industry?


Ṣùgbọ́n ó ń bèrè ìbérè pé, kí ló dé tí ìkankan nínu wa, ní èyíkéyìí orílẹ̀-èdè, máa sanwó fún ewu ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè?


Let's move on to supply chain and the risk there.


Ẹ jẹ́ ká tẹ̀síwájú lọ sí okùn ìtajà àti ewu tó wà níbẹ̀.


It is not well known that the tobacco industry significantly relies on child labor.


Kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ jẹ́ mímọ̀ wí pé ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè gbára lé fífi ọmọ ṣọ̀wo ẹrú.


"In March 2017, the International Labour Organization issued a report which stated: ""In tobacco-growing communities, child labor is rampant."


"Ní oṣù Ẹrẹnà ọdún 2017, Àjọ àwọn Òṣìṣẹ́ Lágbàyé ṣe àgbéjáde ìjábọ̀ kan tó sọ wí pé: ""Ní àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń gbin kùkúyè, fífi ọmọ ṣọ̀wo ẹrú wọ́pọ̀."


The US Department of Labor currently lists 16 countries that use children to produce tobacco leaf.


""" Ẹ̀ka òṣìṣẹ́ orílẹ̀-ède US lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ yìí ti ka àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mẹ́rín-dìn-lógún tí wọ́n ń lo àwọn ọmọdé láti pèse ewé kùkúyè."


Scrutiny of supply chains is intensifying, and that cannot continue to escape public attention.


Ṣíṣe àyèwò okùn ìtajà fínífíní lágbára, ìyẹn ò sì lè tẹ̀síwájú láti máa fo àkíyèsi gbogbogbò.


Finally, there is also reputation risk to consider for individuals and organizations that continue to maintain an affiliation with the tobacco industry.


Lákòtán, ewu ìjẹ́-ọmọlúwàbí wà níbẹ̀ láti bojúwò fún àwọn ènìyàn àti ilé-iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ń tẹ̀síwájú láti máa ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè.


In countless surveys, the tobacco industry ranks as the world's least reputable industry.


Nínú àìmọye iṣẹ́-ìwádì, ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè ló gba ipò gẹ́gẹ́ bi ilé-iṣẹ́ tí ijẹ́-ọmọlúwàbí rẹ̀ kéré jùlọ.


Let's just look at the impact on children.


Ẹ jẹ́ ká kọ̀ wo ipa rẹ̀ lára àwọn ọmọdé.


Globally, every single day, it is estimated that 100,000 children start smoking.


Káàkiri àgbáyé, ní ọjọ́ kánkan, wọ́n ṣẹ́ ẹ wí pé ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́na ọgọ́rùn ọmọ ní wọ́n máa ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí mu kùkúyè.


That's enough children to fit inside the Melbourne Cricket Ground.


Ìyẹ́n jẹ́ iye ọmọ tí yóò kún inú pápá-ìṣeré bọ́ọ́lù aláfigigbá Melbourne.


And most of those children are from the poorest communities on earth.


Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ wọ̀nyẹn ni wọ́n wá láti àwọn àwùjọ tó kúṣẹ̀ẹ́ jùlọ lóri ilẹ̀-eèpẹ̀.


Here in Australia, the average age that people start smoking is 16 years and two months.


Ní orílẹ̀-èdè Australia níbí, àròpin ọjọ́-orí tí àwọn ènìyàn ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ síní mu kùkúyè ni ọdún mẹ́rìn-dín-lógún àti oṣù méjì.


They look pretty young to me, but the worst thing here is that while we don't have data from every country on earth, we believe that is the oldest age.


Wọ́n kéré púpọ̀ lójú mi, ṣùgbọ́n ǹkan tó burú jù níbí ni wí pé a ò ní dátà láti gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè tó wà lóri ilẹ̀-eèpẹ̀, a gbàgbọ́ wí pé ọjọ́-orí tó dágbà jùlọ nìyẹn.


Everywhere else is younger.


Ní gbogbo àyè mìíràn ó kéré.


Now for the good news.


Níbáyì fún ìròyin ayọ̀.


Things are changing.


Ǹkan ti ń yátọ̀.


The finance sector is coming to the party.


Ẹ̀ka owó náà ti ń darapọ̀.


After around 2,000 meetings with finance leaders, primarily in the caf├®s of Melbourne and Sydney and London and Paris and New York and all across the globe, momentum, moving away from investment in the tobacco industry, is starting to snowball.


Lẹ́yin bí ẹgbẹ̀rún méjì ìpàdé pẹ̀lú àwọn adarí ẹ̀ka-owó, ní ilé-ìjẹun Melbourne àti Sydney àti London àti Paris àti New York àti káàkiri àgbáyé, agbára, yíyẹ̀ kúrò níbi ìdókówò nínu ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè, ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ síní gbéra.


Finance leaders are alarmed when they're presented with the facts, and overwhelmingly, they want to be part of the solution.


Àwọn adarí ẹ̀ka-owó ti mọ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n pésè èrí fún wọn, àti lọ́pọ̀, wọ́n fẹ́ darapọ̀ mọ́ ònà-àbáyọ náà.


Here, in Australia, we now have 10,636,101 superannuation accounts that are tobacco-free.


Níbí, ní orílẹ̀-ède Australia, a ti ní mílíọ́nù mẹ́wà lé àwọn apò ifówópamọ́ owó-ìfẹ̀yìntì tí kò ní kùkúyè.


That one is mine, by the way.


Ìyẹn ni tèmi, lápá kan.


"There is still a lot of work to be done, but I've watched the conversation go from ""Should we go tobacco-free? to Why haven't we done it yet?"


"Iṣẹ́ ṣì pọ̀ láti ṣe, ṣùgbọ́n mo ti rí bí ọ̀rọ̀ náà ṣe ń lọ láti ""ṣé kí ó má sì kùkúyè mọ́ ni? ""sí ""kí ló dé tí a ò ṣe tíì ṣe é?"


In the past year alone, major tobacco-free moves have been made by leading financial organizations in eight different countries.


""" Ní ọdún tó kọjá nìkan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kòsí-kùkúyè ti di ṣíṣe ní àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ owó tí wọ́n ń léwájú ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mẹ́jọ ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀."


In Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, France, Ireland and the USA.


Ní orílẹ̀-ède Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, France, Ireland àti USA.


By sovereign wealth funds, fund managers, pension funds, banks, insurers and reinsurers.


Látọ́dọ̀ àwọn olómìnira owó ìrànwọ́, àwọn alámojútó owó, àwọn owó-ìfẹ̀yìntì, ilé-ìfowopamọ́, abáni-dójútófò àti atún-báni-dójútófò.


Since tobacco-free portfolios began, more than six billion dollars has been redirected away from investment in the tobacco industry.


Láti ìgbà tí àpò-ìfowópamọ́ tí kò ní kùkúyè ti bẹ̀rẹ̀, ó lé ní bílíọ́nù mẹ́fà dọ́là ni wọ́n ti darí kúrò nínu ìdókówò ní ilé-iṣẹ́ kùkúyè.


The case study is well and truly proven.


Àgbéyẹ́wò náà dára wọ́n sì jẹ́wọ́ rẹ̀ lóòtọ́.


"When making the tobacco-free announcement in March this year, the CEO of AMP Capital said, ""We are not prepared to deliver investment returns at any cost to society."


"Nígbà tí à ń ṣe ìkéde kòsí-kùkúyè ní oṣù Ẹ̀rẹnà odún yìí, aláṣe àti olùdarí AMP Capital sọ wí pé, ""a ò ṣetán láti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àdápadà èrè ìdókówò tí yóò pa àwùjọ lára lọ́nà kọnà."


And that is the question we need to ask ourselves.


Ìbéérè tí a ní láti bi ara wa nìyẹn.


Is there no baseline standard below which we will not sink to make profit?


Ṣé kò sí gbèdéke àwòkọ́ṣe tó jẹ́ wí pé a ò ní kọjá rẹ̀ láti jèrè ni?


Along the way, I've had a lot of help and incredible support.


Lójú ọ̀nà náà, mo ti ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìrànlọ́wọ́ àti àtìlẹ́yìn alágbára.


Now, if you're trying to do something, I highly recommend that you have a princess on your team.


Ní báyìí, tí o bá ń gbìyànjú láti ṣe ǹkan, mo rọ̀ yín pé kí ẹ ní ọmọba-bìnrin nínú ikọ̀ọ yín.


Her Royal Highness, Princess Dina Mired, is the global ambassador for this work.


Aláyélúwà, ọmọba-bìnrin Dina Mired, ni aṣojú wa káàkiri àgbáyé fún iṣẹ́ yìí.


We also have a lord, a knight, a former premier, a former federal minister and a stack of CEOs.


A tún ni olúwa, oníbìníran, olórí orílẹ̀-èdè nígbà kan rí, alákòso ìjọba àpapọ̀ nígbàkan rí àti àgbáríjọpọ̀ àwọn aláṣẹ àti olùdarí ilé-iṣẹ́.


But the capacity to change things does not rest exclusively with these highly influential people.


Ṣùgbọ́n ìkápá láti yí ǹkan padà kò sí lórí àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì wọ̀nyìí nìkan.


The power to do that is with all of us.


Agbára láti ṣe ìyẹn wà lọ́dọ gbogbo wa.


Everyone here can be part of the solution.


Gbogbo wa níbí lè darapọ̀ mọ́ ìyanjú yìí.


In fact, everyone here must be part of the solution.


Lóòtọ́, gbogbo wa níbí ni a gbọ́dọ̀ darapọ̀ mọ́ ìyanjú náà.


Most people in this room own companies via their superannuation funds, their banks and their insurers.


Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn nínu yàrá yìí ni ó ní ilé-iṣẹ́ nípasẹ̀ owó-ìfẹ̀yìnti wọn, ilé-ìfowópamọ́ wọn àti abánidójútófo wọn.


And it is time for us to ask them: Are they investing our money in companies that make products that kill seven million people every year?


Àsìkó ti tó láti bi wọ́n: ṣé wọ́n ń fi owóo wa dókówò ní àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ń ṣe èròjà tó ń pa mílíọ́nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún?


It's your money.


Owóo yín ni.


It's my money, it's our money.


Owó mi ni, owóo wa ni.


And that is a very reasonable question.


Ìbéérẹ̀ tó sì mú ọpọlọ dání nìyẹn.


Pretty cramped up here, with seven million people beside me today.


Mo fún pọ̀ níbí, pẹ̀lu mílíọ́nù méje ènìyàn ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ mi lónì.


But if we don't act now, and act together, we'll need to make way for one billion people before the end of this century.


Ṣùgbọ́n tí a ò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ nísinyìí, ká sì jọ ṣiṣẹ́ papọ̀, a máa nílò láti ṣínà fún bílíọ́nù kan ènìyàn kí ọ̀rún ọdún yìí tó parí.


And this is a very big stage.


Ìtàgé tó tóbi gan ni èyí.


But there is no more room.


Ṣùgbọ́n kò sí àyè mọ́.


How deepfakes undermine truth and threaten democracy


Bí fọ́rán ayédèrú ṣe ń ṣe ìdíwọ́ fún òtítọ́ tó sì ń dúkokò mọ́ ìjọba àwarawa.


[This talk contains mature content]


[ìjírórò yìí kún fún àwọn àkòónú fún àgbàlagbà].


Rana Ayyub is a journalist in India whose work has exposed government corruption and human rights violations.


Rana Ayyub jẹ́ akọ̀ròyìn ní orílẹ̀-ède India tí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ti tú àṣírí ìwà-ìbàjẹ́ ìjọba àti títẹ ẹ̀tọ ọmọ ènìyàn lójú mọ́lẹ̀.


And over the years, she's gotten used to vitriol and controversy around her work.


Fún àìmọye ọdún, àwọn èèbú àti awuyewuye tí ó yí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ká ti mọ́ ọ lára.


But none of it could have prepared her for what she faced in April 2018.


Ṣùgbọ́n kò sí ìkankan nínu rẹ̀ tó ṣe ìgbaradì rẹ̀ fún ǹkan tí ojúu rẹ̀ kàn ní oṣù Igbe ọdún 2018.


She was sitting in a café with a friend when she first saw it: a two-minute, 20-second video of her engaged in a sex act.


Ó jókòó ní ilé-ìjẹun pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ rẹ̀ kan nígbà tí ó kọ́kọ́ rí i: fọ́rán oníṣẹ́jú méjì àti ogún ìṣẹ́jú ààyá ara rẹ̀ tó ń ní ìbálópò.


And she couldn't believe her eyes.


Kò lè gbàgbọ́ ohun tí ojú rẹ̀ rí.


She had never made a sex video.


Kò ṣe fọ́rán ìbálòpọ̀ kankan rí.


But unfortunately, thousands upon thousands of people would believe it was her.


Ṣùgbọ́n ó ṣeni láànú, ẹgbẹ̀rún lónà ẹgbẹ̀rún àwọn ènìyàn yóò gbàgbọ́ pé òun ni.


I interviewed Ms. Ayyub about three months ago, in connection with my book on sexual privacy.


Mo ṣe ìfòrọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò fún Ms. Ayyub ní bíi oṣù mẹ́ta ṣéyìn, ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìwé mi lóri kọ̀kọ̀ ìbálópọ̀.


I'm a law professor, lawyer and civil rights advocate.


Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nípa òfin nimí, agbẹjọ́rò àti ajàfẹ́tọ ọmọ ènìyàn.


So it's incredibly frustrating knowing that right now, law could do very little to help her.


Ó ń bíni nínú láti mọ̀ wí pé lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ yìí, díẹ̀ ni òfin lè ṣe láti ràn-án lọ́wọ́.


And as we talked, she explained that she should have seen the fake sex video coming.


Bí a ṣe ń sọ́rọ̀, ó ṣálàyé wí pé ó yẹ kí òun ti rí i wí pé fọ́rán ìbálópò ayédèrú náà ń bọ̀.


"She said, ""After all, sex is so often used to demean and to shame women, especially minority women, and especially minority women who dare to challenge powerful men,"" as she had in her work."


"Ó ní, ""Fẹ̀kàn tẹ́lẹ̀ náà, ìbálópọ̀ ni wọ́n máa ń lò lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà láti ṣá obìnrin mẹ́rẹ̀ àti láti dójúti obìnrin, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn obìnrin kékèké, àti pàápàá àwọn obìnrin kékèké tí wọ́n bá ní ìgboyà láti kojú àwọn okùnrin alágbára,"" bó ṣe wà nínu iṣẹ́ rẹ̀."


The fake sex video went viral in 48 hours.


Fọ́rán ìbálópọ̀ ayédèrú náà lọ káàkiri fún wákàtí mẹ́jì-dín-láàdọ́ta (48).


All of her online accounts were flooded with screenshots of the video, with graphic rape and death threats and with slurs about her Muslim faith.


Gbogbo ìkàni ayélukára rẹ̀ ló kún fún àwòran fọ́rán náà, pẹ̀lu àwòran ìfipábánilòpọ̀ àti ìdúkokò ikú pẹ̀lu èébú nípa ìgbàgbọ mùsùlùmi rẹ̀.


"Online posts suggested that she was ""available"" for sex."


"Àwọn àtẹ̀jáde lórí ẹrọ ayélukára dá a lábà wí pé ó ""ṣí sílẹ̀"" fún ìbálópọ̀."


And she was doxed, which means that her home address and her cell phone number were spread across the internet.


Wọ́n wọnú àká rẹ̀, èyí tó túmọ̀ sí wí pé àdírẹ̀si ilée rẹ̀ àti nọ́mbà ẹ̀rọ ìbánisọ̀rọ rẹ̀ ni wọ́n fọ́nká orí ìkàni alátagbà.


The video was shared more than 40,000 times.


Wọ́n ṣe àtagbà fọ́rán náà ju ìgba ogójì ẹgbẹ̀rún (40,000) lọ.


Now, when someone is targeted with this kind of cybermob attack, the harm is profound.


Ní báyìí, tí wọ́n bá dojú kọ ẹnìkan pẹ̀lú irú àwọn èébú ìkàni ayélukára yìí, àkóbá rẹ̀ máa ń pọ̀ gan.


Rana Ayyub's life was turned upside down.


Wọ́n da ìgbésíayé Ranna Ayyub kodò.


For weeks, she could hardly eat or speak.


Fún àìmọye ọ̀sẹ̀, tipá-tipá ló fi ń jẹun tàbí sọ̀rọ̀.


She stopped writing and closed all of her social media accounts, which is, you know, a tough thing to do when you're a journalist.


Ó dáwọ kíkọ dúró ó sì ti gbogbo ìkàni ìbánidọ́rẹ rẹ̀ pa, tó jẹ́, ẹ mọ̀, ǹkan tó lágbára láti ṣe tí o bá jẹ́ akọ̀ròyìn.


And she was afraid to go outside her family's home.


Ẹ̀rú sì ń bà á láti jáde kúrò ní ilẹ́ àwọn mọ̀lẹ́bíi rẹ̀.


What if the posters made good on their threats?


Tí àwọn tí wọ́n ń dúkokò bá mú ìlérí wọn ṣe ńkó?


The UN Council on Human Rights confirmed that she wasn't being crazy.


Àjọ-ìgbìmọ UN tó ń rí sí ẹ̀tọ ọmọ ènìyàn fẹsẹ̀ rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ wí pé oríi rẹ̀ ò dàrú.


It issued a public statement saying that they were worried about her safety.


Wọ́n fi ohùn léde wí pé ọkàn àwọn ò balẹ̀ nípa ààbo rẹ̀.


What Rana Ayyub faced was a deepfake: machine-learning technology that manipulates or fabricates audio and video recordings to show people doing and saying things that they never did or said.


Ǹkan tí Rana Ayyub kojú ni fọ́rán ayédèrú: ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́-ẹ̀rọ tó máa ń ṣe ayédèrú tàbí àyídà àkálẹ̀ ohùn àti àwòrán láti ṣàfihàn àwọn ènìyàn tó ń ṣe tó sì ń sọ ohun tí wọn ò ṣe tàbí sọ.


Deepfakes appear authentic and realistic, but they're not; they're total falsehoods.


Fọ́rán ayédèrú má ń dàbí aṣégbáralé o dẹ̀ máa ń jọ tòótọ́, ṣùgbọ́n wọn ò rí bẹ́ẹ̀; irọ́ pátápáta niwọ́n.


Although the technology is still developing in its sophistication, it is widely available.


Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wí pé ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ṣì ń dàgbà sókè nínú ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, ó wà káàkiri.


Now, the most recent attention to deepfakes arose, as so many things do online, with pornography.


Ní báyìí, àkíyèsí sí fọ́rán ayédèrú dìde láìpẹ́ yìí, bí oríṣiríṣi ǹkan ṣe ń ṣe lórí ìkàni ayélukára, pẹ̀lú sinimá ìbálópọ̀.


In early 2018, someone posted a tool on Reddit to allow users to insert faces into porn videos.


Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ ọdún 2018, ẹnìkan fi irinṣẹ́ kan léde lóri Reddit láti fún àwọn aṣàmúlo rẹ̀ ní ànfàní láti gbé ojú sí fọ́rán ìbálópọ̀.


And what followed was a cascade of fake porn videos featuring people's favorite female celebrities.


Ǹkan tó tẹ̀le èyí ni ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn fọ́rán ìbálópọ̀ ayédèrú tó ń ṣàfihàn àwọn ẹni-iyì lóbìnrin tí wọ́n jẹ́ ààyò àwọn ènìyàn.


And today, you can go on YouTube and pull up countless tutorials with step-by-step instructions on how to make a deepfake on your desktop application.


Lónì, ẹ lè lọ sórí YouTube kí ẹ wo àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ tí kò ṣe é kà pẹ̀lú ìkọ́ni lẹ́sẹẹsẹ lóri bí o ṣelè ṣe fọ́rán ayédèrú lóri kọ̀mpútà alápò tíì rẹ.


And soon we may be even able to make them on our cell phones.


Láìpẹ́ a lè ma ṣéwọ́n lórí àwọn ẹ̀rọ-ìbánisọ̀rọ wa.


Now, it's the interaction of some of our most basic human frailties and network tools that can turn deepfakes into weapons.


Ní báyìí, àjọṣepọ̀ láìrín àwọn kùdìè-kudiẹ ọmọ ènìyàn àti àwọn irinṣẹ́ ojú-òpó ayélukára ni ó lè sọ fọ́rán ayédèrú di ohun-ìjà.


So let me explain.


Ẹ jẹ́ kí n ṣàlàyé.


As human beings, we have a visceral reaction to audio and video.


Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ènìyàn, a máa ń fi ẹran-ara fèsì sí ohùn àti àwòrán.


We believe they're true, on the notion that of course you can believe what your eyes and ears are telling you.


A gbàgbọ́ pé òótọ́ ni wọ́n, pẹ̀lú ìgbàgbọ́ wí pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ẹ lè nígbàgbọ́ nínu ǹkan tí ojú àti etí yín bá ń sọ fún yín.


And it's that mechanism that might undermine our shared sense of reality.


Ẹ̀ya ara yẹn náà ni ó lè ṣe ìdíwọ́ fún ìgbàgbọ wa nípa òótọ́.


Although we believe deepfakes to be true, they're not.


Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wí pé a gbàgbọ́ pé òótọ́ ni fọ́rán ayédèrú, wọn kò rí bẹ́ẹ̀.


And we're attracted to the salacious, the provocative.


A máa ń fà sí ìbàjẹ́, abíni-nínú.


We tend to believe and to share information that's negative and novel.


A máa ń gbàgbọ́ à dẹ̀ máa ń ṣe àtagbà àwọn afitóni tí ò da àti àròsọ.


And researchers have found that online hoaxes spread 10 times faster than accurate stories.


Àwọn oníṣẹ́-ìwádìí ti rí i pé ìrọ́ máa ń yára fọ́nká nígbà mẹ́wàá ju àwọn ìtàn tó péye lọ.


Now, we're also drawn to information that aligns with our viewpoints.


Ní báyìí, a máa ń fà sí àwọn afitóni tó papọ̀ mọ́ èro wa.


"Psychologists call that tendency ""confirmation bias."


"Àwọn onímọ̀ iṣẹ́-ọkàn pe ìwà yẹn ní ""ìfẹsẹ̀múlẹ̀ aṣègbè."


And social media platforms supercharge that tendency, by allowing us to instantly and widely share information that accords with our viewpoints.


Àwọn ìkànì ìbánidọ́rẹ̀ ayélukára ń ṣe àfikún ìwà yẹn, pẹ̀lu ànfàní láti ṣe àtagbà àwọn afitóni tó bá ojú-ìwòye wa mu lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ àti káríayé.


Now, deepfakes have the potential to cause grave individual and societal harm.


Ní báyìí, fọ́rán ayédèrú ní ànfàní láti fa ewu tó lágbára fún ènìyàn àti àwùjọ.


So, imagine a deepfake that shows American soldiers in Afganistan burning a Koran.


Ẹ wòye fọ́rán ayédèrú tó ń ṣàfihàn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ America ní orílẹ̀-ède Afganistan tó ń dáná sun ọmọ orílẹ̀-ède korea.


You can imagine that that deepfake would provoke violence against those soldiers.


Ẹ lè wòye pé fọ́rán ayédèrú yẹn máa fa rògbòdìyàn tako àwọn ọmọ ogun wọ̀nyẹn.


And what if the very next day there's another deepfake that drops, that shows a well-known imam based in London praising the attack on those soldiers?


Tó bá ṣe wí pé lọ́jọ́ kejì gangan fọ́rán ayédèrú mìíràn tún jáde, tó ń ṣàfihàn ìmáámù ilú-mọ̀ọ́ká kan tó ń gbé ní London tó wá ń gbóríyìn fún ìkọlù àwọn ọmọ ogun wọ̀yẹn ńkọ́?


We might see violence and civil unrest, not only in Afganistan and the United Kingdom, but across the globe.


A lè rí rògbòdìyàn àti ìfẹ̀hónúhàn, kìí ṣe ní orílẹ̀-ède Afganistan àti United kingdom nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n káàkiri gbogbo àgbáyé.


"And you might say to me, ""Come on, Danielle, that's far-fetched."


"Ẹ dẹ̀ lè sọ fúnmi wí pé, ""wá, Danielle, ìyen ò ṣe é ṣe."


But it's not.


Ṣùgbọ́n kò rí bẹ́ẹ̀.


We've seen falsehoods spread on WhatsApp and other online message services lead to violence against ethnic minorities.


A ti rí bí irọ́ ṣe ń tànká lórí ìkàni WhatsApp àti àwọn ìkànì àtẹ̀jíṣẹ́ mìíràn lórí ẹ̀rọ ayélukára ṣe ń yọrí sí rògbòdìyàn tako àwọn ìran kékèké.


And that was just text -- imagine if it were video.


Àtẹ̀jíṣẹ́ lásán nìyẹn -- ẹ wòye pé tó bá jẹ́ wí pé fọ́rán aláwòrán ni.


Now, deepfakes have the potential to corrode the trust that we have in democratic institutions.


Ní báyìí, fọ́rán ayédèrú ní ànfàní láti ba ìgbàgbọ́ tí a ní nínu orílẹ̀-ède olómìnira jẹ́.


So, imagine the night before an election.


Nítorí náà, ẹ wòye alẹ́ ìbó kọ̀la.


There's a deepfake showing one of the major party candidates gravely sick.


Tí fọ́rán ayédèrú kan wá ń ṣàfihàn ìkan nínú àwọn adíje-dupò lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú ńlá kan tí ara rẹ̀ ò yá gidi gan.


The deepfake could tip the election and shake our sense that elections are legitimate.


Fọ́rán ayédèrú náà lè sún ìbò náà kó sì gbo ọpọlọ wa pé ìdìbó bófin mu.


Imagine if the night before an initial public offering of a major global bank, there was a deepfake showing the bank's CEO drunkenly spouting conspiracy theories.


Ẹ wòye tó bá jẹ́ wí pé alẹ́ẹ ó kọ̀la tí ilé-ìfowópamọ́ àgbáyé ńlá kan fẹ́ ta ìpín ìdókówò síta, fọ́rán ayédèrú kan wá ń ṣàfihàn aláṣẹ àti olùdarí ilé-ìfowópamọ́ náà tó ń sọ àwọn tíọ́rì àgbélẹ̀rọ lẹ́yìn tó ti yó.


The deepfake could tank the IPO, and worse, shake our sense that financial markets are stable.


Fọ́rán ayédèrú náà lè bo títa ìpín ìdókówò náà mọ́lẹ̀, tó tún burú, gbo ọpọlọ wa pé àwọn ọjà owó náà dúró ṣiṣin.


So deepfakes can exploit and magnify the deep distrust that we already have in politicians, business leaders and other influential leaders.


Fọ́rán ayédèrú lè ṣàmúlò kó sì sọ àìnígbàgbọ́ tí a ti ní tẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn olóṣèlú, àwọn adarí òwò àti àwọn adarí míràn tó nífọ̀n di ńlá.


They find an audience primed to believe them.


Wọ́n máa ń wá àwọn ònwòran tí wọ́n ti dúró láti gbà wọ́n gbọ́.


And the pursuit of truth is on the line as well.


Ìṣiṣẹ́ tọ òtítọ́ náà wà nínú ewu bákan náà.


Technologists expect that with advances in AI, soon it may be difficult if not impossible to tell the difference between a real video and a fake one.


Àwọn onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ń retí wí pé pẹ̀lú ìtẹ̀síwájú nínu AI, láìpẹ́ ó lè ṣòro tàbí kó má ṣe é ṣe láti sọ ìyàtọ̀ láàrín fọ́rán aláwòrán gidi àti ayédèrú.


So how can the truth emerge in a deepfake-ridden marketplace of ideas?


Báwo ni òtítọ́ ṣe lè jẹyọ ní ọjà òye tí fọ́rán ayédèrú ń dà láàmú?


Will we just proceed along the path of least resistance and believe what we want to believe, truth be damned?


Ṣe a ó kò tẹ̀síwájú ní ọ̀nà àìṣe é gbáralé àti ìgbàgbọ ohun tí a fẹ́ gbàgbọ́, ká ṣépè fún òtítọ́?


And not only might we believe the fakery, we might start disbelieving the truth.


Kìí ṣe wí pé a lè gba ayédèrú gbọ́ nìkan, a lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí sọ ìgbàgbọ́ nù nínu òtítọ́.


We've already seen people invoke the phenomenon of deepfakes to cast doubt on real evidence of their wrongdoing.


A ti rí àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n lo fọ́rán ayédèrú láti sọ àríyànjiyàn sí èrí gidi nípa àṣìṣe wọn.


"We've heard politicians say of audio of their disturbing comments, ""Come on, that's fake news."


"A ti gbọ́ tí àwọn olóṣèlú sọ nípa fọ́rán ọ̀rọ wọn tó bani lọ́kàn jẹ́, ""Ẹ wá, ìròyìn ayédèrú nìyẹn."


You can't believe what your eyes and ears are telling you.


Ẹ ò lè gba ǹkan tí ojú àti etí yín ń sọ fún yín gbọ́.


"And it's that risk that professor Robert Chesney and I call the liar's dividend"": the risk that liars will invoke deepfakes to escape accountability for their wrongdoing."


""" Ewu yẹn ni èmi àti ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Robert Chesney pè ní ""ère onírọ́"": ewu pé àwọn onírọ́ lè lo fọ́rán ayédèrú láti sá fún ìjíyìn àṣìṣe wọn."


So we've got our work cut out for us, there's no doubt about it.


Wọ́n ti pín iṣẹ́ wa fún wa, kò sí iyèméjì nípa rẹ̀.


And we're going to need a proactive solution from tech companies, from lawmakers, law enforcers and the media.


A máa nílò ọ̀nà àbáyọ látọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ, àwọn aṣòfin, àwọn agbófinró àti ilé-iṣẹ́ ìròyìn.


And we're going to need a healthy dose of societal resilience.


A máa nílò ìfaradà àwùjọ ní ìwọn aláìléwu.


So now, we're right now engaged in a very public conversation about the responsibility of tech companies.


Ní báyìí, a ti wà nínú àpérò gbogbogbò nípa ojúṣe àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ.


And my advice to social media platforms has been to change their terms of service and community guidelines to ban deepfakes that cause harm.


Ìmọ̀ran mi fún àwọn ìkànì ìbánidọ́rẹ̀ ni láti ṣe àyípadà àdéhun iṣẹ́ wọn àti ìlànà ìtọ́sọ́nà àwùjọ láti fi òfin de fọ́rán ayédèrú tó lè fa ewu.


That determination, that's going to require human judgment, and it's expensive.


Ìpinnu yẹn, yóò gba ìdájọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn, ó dẹ̀ wọ́n.


But we need human beings to look at the content and context of a deepfake to figure out if it is a harmful impersonation or instead, if it's valuable satire, art or education.


Ṣùgbọ́n a nílò kí àwọn ènìyán wo àkónú àti ọ̀gangan ipòo fọ́rán ayédèrú láti ṣàwárí rẹ̀ bóyá ayédèrú ènìyàn tó léwu ni tàbí dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, tí ó bá jẹ́ pé èébú tó níye lóri ni, ọgbọ́n àtinúdá tàbí ẹ̀kọ́.


So now, what about the law?


Ní báyìí, òfin ńkọ́?


Law is our educator.


Olùdánilẹ́kọ̀ wa ni òfin jẹ́.


It teaches us about what's harmful and what's wrong.


Ó máa ń kọ́wa nípa ǹkan tó léwu àti ǹkan tí ò tọ́.


And it shapes behavior it deters by punishing perpetrators and securing remedies for victims.


Ó máa ń ṣàtúnṣe ìwà ó máa ń dènà ìwà-ìbàjẹ́ pẹ̀lú fífi ìyà jẹ oníwà ìbàjẹ́ àti wíwá àtúnṣe fún àwọn tọ́rọ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀ sí.


Right now, law is not up to the challenge of deepfakes.


Ní báyìí, òfin ò kápá fọ́rán ayédèrú.


Across the globe, we lack well-tailored laws that would be designed to tackle digital impersonations that invade sexual privacy, that damage reputations and that cause emotional distress.


Káàkiri àgbáyé, a ò ní òfin tó dúróo re tí wọn yóò ṣe lọ́jọ̀ láti tako ayédèrú ènìyan díjítà tó ń tú ìkọ̀kọ̀ ìbálópọ̀, tó ń ba ọmọlúwàbí ènìyàn jẹ́ tó sì ń fa ìnira inú ọpọlọ.


What happened to Rana Ayyub is increasingly commonplace.


Ǹkan tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ sí Ranna Ayyub túbọ̀ ń ṣẹlẹ̀ si lemọ́-lemọ́.


Yet, when she went to law enforcement in Delhi, she was told nothing could be done.


Síbẹ̀, nígbà tó lọ sí ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn agbófinró ní Delhi, wọ́n sọ fún un wí pé kò sí ǹkan tí wọ́n lè ṣe.


And the sad truth is that the same would be true in the United States and in Europe.


Òótọ́ tó bani lọ́kàn jẹ́ ni wí pé ǹkan kan náà ni yóò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Amẹ́ríkà àti ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù.


So we have a legal vacuum that needs to be filled.


A ní àlàfo òfin tó nílò dídí.


My colleague Dr. Mary Anne Franks and I are working with US lawmakers to devise legislation that would ban harmful digital impersonations that are tantamount to identity theft.


Èmi àti akẹgbẹ́ mi Dr. Mary Anne Franks ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn aṣòfin orílẹ̀-ède US láti ṣe òfin tí yóò fòfin de ayédèrú ènìyan díjítà tó léwu tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú jíjí ìdánimọ̀.


And we've seen similar moves in Iceland, the UK and Australia.


A sì ti ri irú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-ède Iceland, UK àti Australia.


But of course, that's just a small piece of the regulatory puzzle.


Ṣùgbọ́n bẹ́ẹ̀ ni, oríkè kékeré nìyẹn nínu ayò òfin náà.


Now, I know law is not a cure-all.


Ní báyìí, mo mọ̀ wí pé òfin kìí ṣe gbogbo nìṣe.


It's a blunt instrument.


Irinṣẹ́ tó kúnu ni.


And we've got to use it wisely.


A dẹ̀ ní láti fi ọgbọ́n lò ó.


It also has some practical impediments.


Ó tún ní àwọn ìdíwọ́ àṣeémúlò kànkan.


You can't leverage law against people you can't identify and find.


Ẹ ò lè lo agbára òfin tako àwọn ènìyàn tí ẹ ò dámọ̀ tí ẹ ò lè rí.


And if a perpetrator lives outside the country where a victim lives, then you may not be able to insist that the perpetrator come into local courts to face justice.


Tí oníwà-ìbàjẹ́ kan bá ń gbé ní ìta orílẹ̀-èdè níbi tí ẹni tọ́rọ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀ sí ń gbé, ẹ lè má lè takú wí pé kí oníwà-ìbàjẹ́ náà wá sí ilé-ẹjọ́ agbègbè láti kojú òfin.


And so we're going to need a coordinated international response.


A máa nílò ìdáhùn láti ilẹ̀-òkèrè tó létò.


Education has to be part of our response as well.


Ètò-ẹ̀kọ́ ní láti wà lára ìdáhùn wa bákan náà.


Law enforcers are not going to enforce laws they don't know about and proffer problems they don't understand.


Àwọn agbófinró ò ní lo òfin tí wọn ò mọ̀ nípa rẹ̀ kọ́ sì gba àwọn wàhálà tí ò yé wọn.


In my research on cyberstalking, I found that law enforcement lacked the training to understand the laws available to them and the problem of online abuse.


Nínu iṣẹ́-ìwádìí mi lóri ìdúkokò lórí ẹ̀rọ ayélukára, mo rí i wí pé ìgbófinró ò ní ìkọ́ni láti mọ àwọn òfin tó wà nílẹ̀ fún wọn àti wàhálà èébú lórí ẹ̀rọ ayélukára.


"And so often they told victims, ""Just turn your computer off."


"Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà wọ́n máa ń sọ fún àwọn tó lúgbàdì pé, ""kọ̀ pa ẹ̀rọ kọ̀mpútà rẹ."


Ignore it.


Mójú kúrò níbẹ̀.


It'll go away.


Ó máa lọ.


And we saw that in Rana Ayyub's case.


A dẹ̀ rí ìyẹn nínú ìgbẹ̀jọ́ọ Rana Ayyub.


"She was told, ""Come on, you're making such a big deal about this."


"Wọ́n sọ fún-un pé, ""Wá, ó ń sọ ǹkan yìí di bàbàrà."


It's boys being boys.


Àwọn ọmọkùnrin ni wọ́n ń ṣìṣe ọmọkùnrin.


And so we need to pair new legislation with efforts at training.


A nílò láti ṣe àsopọ̀ òfin tuntun pẹ̀lú ìgbìyànjú ìfikọ́ra.


And education has to be aimed on the media as well.


A gbọ́dọ̀ dojú ètò-ẹ̀kọ́ kọ àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìròyìn bákan náà.


Journalists need educating about the phenomenon of deepfakes so they don't amplify and spread them.


Àwọn akọ̀ròyìn náà nílò ẹ̀kọ́ nípa ìlàna fọ́rán ayédèrú kí wọ́n má baà pariwo rẹ̀ kọ́ sì má fọnká.


And this is the part where we're all involved.


Ibí yìí ni ó ti kan gbogbo wa.


Each and every one of us needs educating.


Ẹnìkànkan nínú wa nílò kíkọ́.


We click, we share, we like, and we don't even think about it.


A máa ń tẹ̀, a máa ń ṣe àtagbà, a máa ń fẹ́ràn, a ò dẹ̀ kín ronú nípa rẹ̀.


We need to do better.


A nílò láti ṣe ju báyìí lọ.


We need far better radar for fakery.


A nílò irinṣẹ́ aṣàwárí gidi fún ayédèrú.


So as we're working through these solutions, there's going to be a lot of suffering to go around.


À ń ṣiṣẹ́ lóri àwọn ọ̀nà-àbáyọ wọ̀nyí, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìyà ni yóó wà tí yóò sì kárí.


Rana Ayyub is still wrestling with the fallout.


Ranna Ayyub ṣì ń jíjà gùdù pẹ̀lú ìpadàbọ rẹ̀.


She still doesn't feel free to express herself on- and offline.


Ara rẹ̀ ò tíì balẹ̀ láti sọ̀rọ̀ lórí àti kúrò lórí ẹrọ ayélukára.


And as she told me, she still feels like there are thousands of eyes on her naked body, even though, intellectually, she knows it wasn't her body.


Bó ṣe sọ fún mi, ó sì ń dàbì ẹni pé ẹgbẹ̀run ojú ló ń wo ìhòhò òun, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wí pé, nínu ọpọ̀lọ, ó mọ̀ wí pé ara òun kọ́.


And she has frequent panic attacks, especially when someone she doesn't know tries to take her picture.


Ó máa ń ní ìbẹ̀rù lemọ́lemọ́, pàápàá jùlọ tí ẹnìkan tí kò mọ̀ rí bá gbìyànjú láti ya àwòran rẹ̀.


What if they're going to make another deepfake? she thinks to herself.


"""Tó bá jẹ́ wí pé wọ́n fẹ́ ṣe fọ́rán ayédèrú míràn ńkọ́? "" ó máa ń ròó lọ́kan ara rẹ̀."


And so for the sake of individuals like Rana Ayyub and the sake of our democracy, we need to do something right now.


Fún ànfàní àwọn ènìyàn bi Rana Ayyub àti fún ànfàní ìjọba àwarawa, a nílò láti ṣe ǹkan nísinyìí.


What tech companies know about your kids


Ǹkan tí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ mọ̀ nípa àwọn ọmọọ̀ yín.


Every day, every week, we agree to terms and conditions.


Lójoojúmọ́, lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀, a máa ń gba àwọn àdéhùn àti àsọtẹ́lẹ̀.


And when we do this, we provide companies with the lawful right to do whatever they want with our data and with the data of our children.


Tí a bá sì ṣe èyí, à ń fún àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ní ẹ̀tọ́ lábẹ́ òfin láti ṣe ohun-kóhun tó bá wùn wọ́n pẹ̀lu dátà wa àti dátà àwọn ọmọ wa.


Which makes us wonder: how much data are we giving away of children, and what are its implications?


Tó máa ń jẹ́ ká bèrè: dátà ni à ń fi sílẹ̀ nípa àwọn ọmọ wa, kí dè ni ìpadàbọ rẹ̀?


I'm an anthropologist, and I'm also the mother of two little girls.


Onímọ̀ nípa àjọṣepọ̀ ènìyàn láwùjọ ni mí, mo dẹ̀ tún jẹ ìyá àwọn ọmọdébìnrin méjì.


And I started to become interested in this question in 2015 when I suddenly realized that there were vast -- almost unimaginable amounts of data traces that are being produced and collected about children.


Mo bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí nífẹ̀ nínu ìbéérè yìí ní ọdún 2015 nígbà tí mo mọ̀ pé ọ̀pọ̀ -- ní iye ìtọpa dátà tí ènìyàn ò lérò tí wọ́n ń pèsè tí wọ́n sì ńgbà nípa àwọn ọmọ.


So I launched a research project, which is called Child Data Citizen, and I aimed at filling in the blank.


Mo bẹ̀rẹ̀ àkànṣe iṣẹ́-ìwádìí, tí wọ́n ń pè ní Dáta Omọ onílù, mo sì pinnu láti dí àlàfo náà.


Now you may think that I'm here to blame you for posting photos of your children on social media, but that's not really the point.


Ní báyìí ẹ lè máa rò ó wí pé mo wá síbí láti dáa yín lẹ́bi fún fífi àwòrán àwọn ọmọ yín sórí ìkàni ayélukára, ṣùgbọ́n kókó ọ̀rọ̀ ibẹ̀ kọ́ nìyẹn.


"The problem is way bigger than so-called ""sharenting."


"Wàhálà yìí tóbi ju ǹkan tí wọ́n ń pè ní ""fífi àwòran ọmọ sórí ìkàni ayélukára lọ."


This is about systems, not individuals.


Èyí jẹ́ nípa ètò, kìí ṣe àwọn ènìyàn.


You and your habits are not to blame.


Ìwọ àti ìwà rẹ ò lẹ́bi.


For the very first time in history, we are tracking the individual data of children from long before they're born -- sometimes from the moment of conception, and then throughout their lives.


Fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìtàn, à ń tọpa dátà ọmọ kaǹkan láti ìgbà pípẹ́ ká tó bíwọn -- nígbà mìíràn láti ìgbà tí wọ́n bá ti lóyún wọn, àti ní gbogbo ìgbésí ayé wọn.


"You see, when parents decide to conceive, they go online to look for ""ways to get pregnant,"" or they download ovulation-tracking apps."


"Ṣé ẹ rí i, tí àwọn òbí bá pinnu láti lóyún, wọ́n máa lọ sórí ẹ̀rọ ayélukára láti wá ""ọ̀nà tí a lè gbà lóyún,"" tàbí kí wọ́n gba àwọn irinṣẹ́ atọpa-ìrọyin."


And then, when the baby is born, they track every nap, every feed, every life event on different technologies.


Nígbà náà, tí wọ́n bá bí ọmọ náà, wọ́n máa ń tọpa gbogbo oorun, gbogbo ìjẹun, gbogbo ìṣẹ̀lẹ ojú ayé lóri oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀rọ.


And all of these technologies transform the baby's most intimate behavioral and health data into profit by sharing it with others.


Gbogbo àwọn èrọ wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣe àyídà ìwà ìkọ̀kọ ọmọ àti dátà ìlera rẹ̀ sí èrè pẹ̀lu ṣíṣe àtagbà rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn mìíràn.


So to give you an idea of how this works, in 2019, the British Medical Journal published research that showed that out of 24 mobile health apps, 19 shared information with third parties.


Láti fún yín ní òye bí èyí ṣe ń ṣiṣé, ní ọdún 2019, Jọ́nà Ìṣègun orílẹ̀-ède British ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ìwádì tó fi hàn pé nínu irinṣẹ́ ìlera lórí ẹ̀rọ-ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ alágbèká mẹ́rìn-lé-lógún, mọ́kàn-dín-lógún máa ń ṣe àtagbà afitóni pẹ̀lú ẹnìkẹ́ta.


And these third parties shared information with 216 other organizations.


Àwọn ẹnìkẹ́ta wọ̀nyí máa ṣe àtagbà ìfitónilétí náà pẹ̀lu ilé-iṣẹ́ mẹ́rìn-dín-lókóò-le-nigba mìíràn.


Of these 216 other fourth parties, only three belonged to the health sector.


Nínu mẹ́rìn-dín-lókóò-le-nigba ẹnìkẹ́rin wọ̀nyí, mẹ́ta péré ni wọ́n jẹ́ ti ẹ̀ka ìlera.


The other companies that had access to that data were big tech companies like Google, Facebook or Oracle, they were digital advertising companies and there was also a consumer credit reporting agency.


Àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ mìíràn tí wọ́n ní ànfàní sí dátà yẹn ni àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ńlá bíi Google, Facebook tàbí Oracle, ilé-iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ń ṣe ìpolówó ọjà dígítà niwọ́n bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni àwọn àjọ tí wọ́n ń jábọ̀ ẹ̀yáwó oníbárà náà wà.


So you get it right: ad companies and credit agencies may already have data points on little babies.


Nítorí náà ẹ gbà á: àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ìpolówó àti àwọn àjọ ayánilówó lè ti ni ààye dáta nípa àwọn ìkókó tẹ́lẹ̀.


But mobile apps, web searches and social media are really just the tip of the iceberg, because children are being tracked by multiple technologies in their everyday lives.


Ṣùgbọ́n kékeré lásán ni irínṣẹ́ orí ẹ̀rọ-ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ alágbèká, wíwá ǹkan lóri ìtàkùn àgbáyé àti ìkànì ìbánidọ́rẹ̀, nítorí wọ́n ń tọpa àwọn ọmọdé lórí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ lójojúmọ́ ayé wọn.


They're tracked by home technologies and virtual assistants in their homes.


Wọ́n ń tọpa wọn pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀rọ inú ilé àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ arannilọ́wọ́ nínu ilé wọn.


They're tracked by educational platforms and educational technologies in their schools.


Wọ́n ń tọpa wọn pẹ̀lú àwọn ìkànì ètò-ẹ̀kọ́ àti àwọn ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ ètò-ẹ̀kọ́ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ wọn.


They're tracked by online records and online portals at their doctor's office.


Wọ́n ń tọpa wọn pẹ̀lú àwọn àkọsílẹ lórí ìkọ̀nì ayélukára àti àwọn ẹ̀ka orí ẹ̀rọ ayélukára ní ọ́fíísì oníṣégùn-òyìnbo wọn.


They're tracked by their internet-connected toys, their online games and many, many, many, many other technologies.


Wọ́n ń tọpa wọn pẹ̀lú àwọn ǹkan-ìṣeré wọn tí wọ́n sopọ̀ pẹ̀lu ìkàni ayélukára, àwọn ayò orí ẹ̀rọ ayélukára, àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ tó pọ̀ púpọ̀ mìíràn.


"So during my research, a lot of parents came up to me and they were like, ""So what?"


"Lásíkò ìwádìí mi, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òbí ni wọ́n wá bámi wọ́n sì ń sọ pé, ""kí wá ni?"


Why does it matter if my children are being tracked?


Kí ló jẹ́ pàtàkì tí wọ́n bá ń tọpa àwọn ọmọ mi?


We've got nothing to hide.


A ò ní ǹkankan láti fi pamọ́.


Well, it matters.


Ó dáa, Ó ṣe pàtàkì.


It matters because today individuals are not only being tracked, they're also being profiled on the basis of their data traces.


Ó ṣe pàtàkì nítorí kìí ṣe pé wọ́n ń tọpa àwọn enìyàn èní nìkan, wọ́n ń ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ wọn pẹ̀lú ìtọpa dátà wọn.


Artificial intelligence and predictive analytics are being used to harness as much data as possible of an individual life from different sources: family history, purchasing habits, social media comments.


Ìmọ̀ àtọwọ́dá àti ìyànàná àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ti wọ́n ń lò láti kó dátà tó pọ̀ jọ nípa ìgbésíayé ènìyàn láti oríṣiríṣi orísun: ìtan ẹbí, bárakú ọjà rírà, àríwísí lórí ìkàni ayélukára.


And then they bring this data together to make data-driven decisions about the individual.


Wọ́n sì ń kó gbogbo dátà yìí jọ láti ṣe ìpinnu ìtọ́ni-dátà nípa ènìyàn.


And these technologies are used everywhere.


Àwọn ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí ni wọ́n ń lò níbi gbogbo.


Banks use them to decide loans.


Ilé-ìfowópamọ́ ń lò wọ́n láti ṣe ìpinnu ẹ̀yáwó.


Insurance uses them to decide premiums.


Àwọn adójútófò ń lò wọ́n láti ṣe ìpinnu owó ìdójútófò.


Recruiters and employers use them to decide whether one is a good fit for a job or not.


Àwọn tó ń gbá òṣìṣẹ́ àti àwọn tó ń gba ènìyàn sísẹ́ máa ń lò wọ́n láti ṣe ìpinnu bóyá ènìyán tọ́ fún ìṣẹ́ kan tàbí bẹ́è kọ́.


Also the police and courts use them to determine whether one is a potential criminal or is likely to recommit a crime.


Bákan náà àwọn ọlọ́pà àti ilé-ẹjọ́ máa ń lò wọ́n láti mọ̀ bóyá ó ṣe é ṣe kí ènìyán hu ìwà ọ̀daràn tàbí ó ṣe é ṣe kí ènìyán tún ìwà ọ̀daran hù.


We have no knowledge or control over the ways in which those who buy, sell and process our data are profiling us and our children.


A ò nímọ̀ kankan tàbí àkóso lórí ọ̀nà tí àwọn tó ń rà, tà tí wọ́n sì ń lo dátà wa ṣe ń ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ wa àti àwọn ọmọ wa.


But these profiles can come to impact our rights in significant ways.


Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ yìí lè nípa lórí ẹ̀tọ wa ní àwọn ọ̀nà tó ṣe pàtàkì.


"To give you an example, in 2018 the ""New York Times"" published the news that the data that had been gathered through online college-planning services -- that are actually completed by millions of high school kids across the US who are looking for a college program or a scholarship -- had been sold to educational data brokers."


"Láti fún yín ní àpẹẹrẹ, ní ọdún 2018 ""New York Times"" ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ìròyìn pé àwọn dátà tí wọ́n ti kójọ nípasẹ̀ ìfètòsí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga lórí ìkàni ayélukára -- tí mílíọ́nù àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yíká orílẹ̀-ède US tí wọ́n ń wá ètò ẹ̀kọ́ tàbí ẹ̀kọ́-ọ̀fẹ́ fi sílẹ̀ -- ni wọ́n ti tà fún àwọn oníṣówo dátà."


Now, researchers at Fordham who studied educational data brokers revealed that these companies profiled kids as young as two on the basis of different categories: ethnicity, religion, affluence, social awkwardness and many other random categories.


Ní báyìí, àwọn oníwádìí ni Fordham tí wọ́n ṣèwádìí nípa ìṣòwo dátà fi hàn wí pé àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ nípa àwọn ọmọdé láti bí ọdún méjì ní oríṣiríṣi ìsọ̀rí: ẹ̀yà, ẹ̀sìn, ọrọ̀, ìwà-ìbàjẹ́ láwùjọ àti àwọn ìsọ̀rí àdijúmú mìíràn.


And then they sell these profiles together with the name of the kid, their home address and the contact details to different companies, including trade and career institutions, student loans and student credit card companies.


Wọ́n sì ń ta àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ wọ̀nyí pẹ̀lú orúkọ ọmọ náà, àdírẹ́si ilée wọn àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìkànsíra-ẹni fún oríṣiríṣi ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ òwò àti iṣẹ́-ìṣe, àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ owó-ẹ̀yá fún akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ike ìgbawó àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́.


To push the boundaries, the researchers at Fordham asked an educational data broker to provide them with a list of 14-to-15-year-old girls who were interested in family planning services.


Láti kọjá ẹnu àlà, àwọn oníwádìí ní Fordham sọ fún oníṣòwo dátà ẹ̀kọ́ kan pé kó pèsè àkọ́jọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọbìnrin lábẹ́ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá sí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún tí wọ́n nífẹ̀ẹ́ síìfètòsẹ́bí fún wọn.


The data broker agreed to provide them the list.


Oníṣòwo dátà náà sì gbà láti pèse àkójọpọ̀ náà fún wọn.


So imagine how intimate and how intrusive that is for our kids.


Ẹ ronú sí irú àṣírí àti àyanjúràn tí èyí jẹ́ fún àwọn ọmọ wa.


But educational data brokers are really just an example.


Ṣùgbọ́n àpẹẹrẹ lásán ni àwọn oníṣòwo dátà ẹ̀kọ́ jẹ́.


The truth is that our children are being profiled in ways that we cannot control but that can significantly impact their chances in life.


Ọ̀títọ́ ibẹ̀ ni wí pé wọ́n ń ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ọmọ wa ní ọ̀nà tí a ò lè darí rẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n tí ó lẹ̀ ní ipa pàtàkì lára ànfàni wọn nílé ayé.


So we need to ask ourselves: can we trust these technologies when it comes to profiling our children?


A nílò láti birawa: ǹjẹ́ a lè fọkàn tán àwọn ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí tó bá kan àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ọmọ wa?


Can we?


Ǹjẹ́ a lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀?


My answer is no.


Ìdáhùn mi ni rárá.


As an anthropologist, I believe that artificial intelligence and predictive analytics can be great to predict the course of a disease or to fight climate change.


Gẹ́gẹ́ bi onímọ̀ nípa àjọṣepọ̀ ènìyàn láwùjọ, mo nígbàgbọ́ wí pé ìmọ̀-àtọwọ́dá àti ìyànàná àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ lè dára lóòtó láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ okùnfa ààrùn kan tàbí láti gbógun ti àyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.


But we need to abandon the belief that these technologies can objectively profile humans and that we can rely on them to make data-driven decisions about individual lives.


Ṣùgbọ́n a nílò láti ṣe àgbétì ìgbàgbọ́ wí pé àwọn ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ènìyàn láìṣẹ̀gbè àti wí pé a lè gbára léwọn láti fún wa ní ìpinnu nípasẹ̀ dátà nípa ìgbésíayé ènìyàn.


Because they can't profile humans.


Nítorí wọn ò lè ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ àwọn ènìyàn.


Data traces are not the mirror of who we are.


Ìtọpa dátà ò kí ń ṣe àwòran irú ènìyàn tí à ń ṣe.


Humans think one thing and say the opposite, feel one way and act differently.


Àwọn ènìyàn máa ń ro ǹkan kan kí wọ́n sì sọ ìdàkejì rẹ̀, á ṣewọ́n bákan wọn ó sì hu ìwà míràn.


Algorithmic predictions or our digital practices cannot account for the unpredictability and complexity of human experience.


Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ètò tàbí àwọn àṣa dígítà ò lè jíyìn fún àìlèsọ-àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ àti àmúdijú ìrírí ọmọ ènìyàn.


But on top of that, these technologies are always -- always -- in one way or another, biased.


Ṣugbọ́n lórí ìyẹn, àwọn ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣègbè -- ní gbogbo ìgbà -- lọ́nà kan tàbí kejì.


You see, algorithms are by definition sets of rules or steps that have been designed to achieve a specific result, OK?


Ṣe ẹ rí i, àwọn èto pẹ̀lú oríkì ni àkójọpọ̀ àwọn òfin tàbí ìgbésẹ̀ tí wọ́n ti ṣẹ̀da rẹ̀ láti mú èsì kan pàtó, ṣó yé?


But these sets of rules or steps cannot be objective, because they've been designed by human beings within a specific cultural context and are shaped by specific cultural values.


Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àkójọpọ̀ òfin wọ̀nyí ò lè jẹ́ òótọ́, nítorí àwọn ènìyàn ni wọ́n ṣèda wọn láàrín ọ̀gangan ipò àṣà kan ní pàtó wọ́n sì mọ


So when machines learn, they learn from biased algorithms, and they often learn from biased databases as well.


Nígbà tí àwọn ẹ̀rọ bá ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́, wọ́n máa ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ pẹ̀lu ètò aṣègbè, wọ́n sì máa ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ látara àkójọpọ̀ dátà aṣègbè.


At the moment, we're seeing the first examples of algorithmic bias.


Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ yìí, à ń rí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ètò aṣègbè àkọ́kọ́.


And some of these examples are frankly terrifying.


Díẹ̀ nínú àwọn àpẹrẹ wọ̀nyí ń dẹ́rù bani.


"This year, the AI Now Institute in New York published a report that revealed that the AI technologies that are being used for predictive policing have been trained on ""dirty"" data."


"Ní ọdún yìí, ilé-ìwe AI Now ní New York tí ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ìjábọ̀ kan tó fi hàn wí pé ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ AI tí wọ́n ń lò fún àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ọlọ́pà ní wọ́n kọ́ pẹ̀lú dátà ""onídọ̀tí."""


This is basically data that had been gathered during historical periods of known racial bias and nontransparent police practices.


Èyí jẹ́ dátà tí wọ́n ti gbà lásíkò ìtàn tí a mọ̀ fún ìṣegbè ẹlẹ́yámẹ̀yà àti àwọn ìṣesí ọlọ́pà tí ò fojú hàn.


Because these technologies are being trained with dirty data, they're not objective, and their outcomes are only amplifying and perpetrating police bias and error.


Nítorí dátà tó dọ̀tí ni wọ́n fi kọ́ àwọn ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, wọn ò sọ tòótọ́, àbájáde wọn kò ń ṣàfikún àti àtúnṣe ìṣègbe ọlọ́pà àti àṣìṣe.


So I think we are faced with a fundamental problem in our society.


Mo rò wí pé ìṣòro gidi ni à ń kojú ní àwùjọ wa.


We are starting to trust technologies when it comes to profiling human beings.


A ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí gba àwọn ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ gbọ́ tó bá kan kí á ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ nípa àwọn ọmọ ènìyàn.


We know that in profiling humans, these technologies are always going to be biased and are never really going to be accurate.


A mọ̀ wí pé láti ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ nípa àwọn ọmọ ènìyàn, àwọn ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí máa ṣègbè ní gbogbo ìgbà wọn ò sì ní péye tó bẹ́ẹ̀.


So what we need now is actually political solution.


Ǹkan tí a nìlò báyìí ni ọ̀nà-àbáyọ òṣèlú.


We need governments to recognize that our data rights are our human rights.


A fẹ́ kí ìjọba mọ̀ wí pé ẹ̀tọ ọmọ ènìyan wa ni ẹ̀to dátà wa.


(Applause and cheers)


(àtẹ́wọ́ àti ariwo).


Until this happens, we cannot hope for a more just future.


Àyàfi tí èyí bá ṣẹlẹ̀, a ò lè nírèti ọjọ́-iwájú adọ́gba.


I worry that my daughters are going to be exposed to all sorts of algorithmic discrimination and error.


Mò ń ronú wí pé àwọn ọmọbìnrin mi máa kojú onírúúrú ètò ẹlẹ́yàmẹ̀yà àti àṣìṣe.


You see the difference between me and my daughters is that there's no public record out there of my childhood.


Ṣé ẹ rí ìyàtọ̀ tó wà láàrín èmi àti àwọn ọmọbìrin mi ni wí pé kò sí àkọsílẹ̀ ìjọba níta níbẹ̀yẹn nípa ìgbà-èwe mi.


There's certainly no database of all the stupid things that I've done and thought when I was a teenager.


Dájúdájú Kò sí àkójọpọ̀ dáta nípa gbogbo ǹkan ìbàjẹ́ tí mo ti ṣe tí mo ti rò nígbà tí mo wà lábẹ́ ogún ọdún.


But for my daughters this may be different.


Ṣùgbọ́n fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin mi èyí lè yàtọ̀.


The data that is being collected from them today may be used to judge them in the future and can come to prevent their hopes and dreams.


Dátà tí wọ́n ń gbà lọ́wọ́ wọn lónì lè di lílò láti ṣe ìdájọ́ wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú ó dẹ̀ lè dèna ìrètí àti àlá wọn.


I think that's it's time.


Mo rò wí pé àsìkó ti tó.


It's time that we all step up.


Àsìkó ti tó fúnwa láti tẹ̀síwájú.


It's time that we start working together as individuals, as organizations and as institutions, and that we demand greater data justice for us and for our children before it's too late.


Àsìkó ti tó láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bi ẹnìyàn, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ àti ilé-iṣẹ́, ká sì bèèrè fún ìdájọ́ dátà tó tóbi fún àwa àti àwọn ọmọ wakó tó pẹ́jù.