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README.md
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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pretty_name: EntityNet
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size_categories:
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- 10M<n<100M
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---
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# EntityNet
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{
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author = {Simon Ging and Sebastian Walter and Jelena Bratuli{\'c} and Johannes Dienert and Hannah Bast and Thomas Brox},
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title = {Using Knowledge Graphs to Harvest Datasets for Efficient {CLIP} Model Training},
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booktitle = {Pattern Recognition, 47th {DAGM} German Conference, {DAGM} {GCPR} 2025, Freiburg, Germany, September 23--26, 2025, Proceedings},
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series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
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publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
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year = {
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pages = {287--302},
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isbn = {978-3-032-12840-9},
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doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-12840-9_19}
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}
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```
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---
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license: mit
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task_categories:
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- zero-shot-image-classification
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- image-classification
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- image-to-text
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- text-to-image
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language:
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- en
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size_categories:
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- 10M<n<100M
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tags:
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- clip
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- vision-language
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- knowledge-graph
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- wikidata
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- image-text
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- biodiversity
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- species-recognition
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- fine-grained-classification
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pretty_name: EntityNet
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---
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# EntityNet
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**33M web images paired with 46M texts, harvested by querying image search with 135k visual entities from Wikidata.**
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EntityNet is the training set from *Using Knowledge Graphs to Harvest Datasets for Efficient CLIP Model Training* (GCPR 2025). Instead of scraping the web and filtering afterwards, we start from a knowledge graph: we extract visual entities and their attributes from Wikidata, turn them into search queries, and collect the returned images together with their alt texts.
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[Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02746) · [Code](https://github.com/lmb-freiburg/entitynet) · [Project page](https://entity-net.github.io) · [Models](https://huggingface.co/collections/lmb-freiburg/entitynet-6810b98ea9288fef9b6c09ca)
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## Why use it
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- **Compute-efficient CLIP training.** CLIP models trained from scratch on EntityNet reach strong ImageNet and fine-grained results with a fraction of the compute of models trained on billion-scale web crawls.
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- **Structured labels, not just alt text.** Every image traces back to the Wikidata entity and query that found it. Mixing these entity labels with the alt texts during training works better than either alone.
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- **Domain experts from a subset.** A 10M-image subset of living organisms (animals, plants, fungi) trains a species-recognition model that outperforms BioCLIP (trained on the same order of data, TreeOfLife-10M) on the Rare Species benchmark.
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## What's covered
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135k entities from 21 Wikidata super-categories:
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product, substance, physical tool, animal, plant, material, vehicle, geographical feature, food, architectural structure, anatomical structure, facility, physical activity, clothing, building, musical instrument, organ, furniture, body of water, weather, precipitation
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The full entity list with Wikidata IDs, attributes and parent relations is in [`entitynet-entities.parquet`](https://github.com/lmb-freiburg/entitynet/blob/main/entitynet-entities.parquet), and the generated search queries are in [`entitynet-queries.parquet`](https://github.com/lmb-freiburg/entitynet/blob/main/entitynet-queries.parquet).
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## Data format
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This repository contains **URLs and texts, not image files.** Use the download scripts in the GitHub repo to fetch the images and build webdataset shards.
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| Split | Rows |
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|---|---|
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| train | 31.7M |
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| validation | 19.4k |
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| test | 19.3k |
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Each row is one unique (deduplicated) image:
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| Column | Description |
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|---|---|
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| `key` | Unique sample ID |
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| `qh` | Hashes of the search queries that returned this image (join with `entitynet-queries.parquet`) |
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| `texts` | Alt texts and page titles collected for the image |
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| `images_link` | Image URLs (several URLs can point to the same image) |
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| `images_contextlink` | URLs of the pages the image appeared on |
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| `images_width`, `images_height` | Image size per URL |
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## Quickstart
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Browse the metadata:
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("lmb-freiburg/entitynet", split="validation")
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print(ds[0]["texts"], ds[0]["images_link"])
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```
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Download images and build training shards (see the [GitHub README](https://github.com/lmb-freiburg/entitynet) for setup):
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```bash
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python -m entitynet.cli.urlbuild_step1_metadata --splits val,test,train
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python -m entitynet.cli.urlbuild_step2_images
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python -m entitynet.cli.urlbuild_step3_tars
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```
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Or skip training and use a pretrained model with open_clip:
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```python
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import open_clip
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model, _, preprocess = open_clip.create_model_and_transforms("hf-hub:lmb-freiburg/CLIP-ViT-B-16-EntityNet-33M")
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```
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## Limitations
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- Images come from the open web. URLs go stale over time, so a fresh download will recover fewer than 33M images.
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- Image copyright stays with the original owners. The MIT license covers our metadata and code, not the images.
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- Web images carry web biases: stock photos and product shots are over-represented, and artistic or sketch-style depictions are under-represented.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{ging2026entitynet,
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author = {Simon Ging and Sebastian Walter and Jelena Bratuli{\'c} and Johannes Dienert and Hannah Bast and Thomas Brox},
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title = {Using Knowledge Graphs to Harvest Datasets for Efficient {CLIP} Model Training},
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booktitle = {Pattern Recognition, 47th {DAGM} German Conference, {DAGM} {GCPR} 2025, Freiburg, Germany, September 23--26, 2025, Proceedings},
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series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
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publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
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year = {2026},
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pages = {287--302},
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isbn = {978-3-032-12840-9},
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doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-12840-9_19}
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}
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```
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