---
license: cc-by-4.0
---
# 📰 multiCred: A Dataset of News Organization Credibility on Twitter

**multiCred** is a research dataset collected and used in the paper  
> **“Multilevel User Credibility Assessment in Social Networks.”**  

It contains Twitter (X) accounts belonging to **news organizations** and their associated **tweet and comment IDs**.  
The dataset is designed to support studies in **media credibility**, **information reliability**, and **news dissemination patterns** on social media.

This dataset follows the [Twitter Developer Agreement and Policy](https://developer.twitter.com/en/developer-terms/policy).  
It includes only **Tweet IDs** and **User IDs** — no tweet text, usernames, or personal data are shared.

---
## 🧩 Dataset Summary

| Aspect | Description |
|---------|--------------|
| **Paper** | *Multilevel User Credibility Assessment in Social Networks* |
| **Entities** | 1,233 Twitter accounts belonging to news organizations |
| **Fields per entry** | `user`, `tweets`, `comments`, `label_available` |
| **Data Type** | Tweet and User IDs only |
| **Labels** | Some accounts have credibility labels from NewsGuard (not publicly shared) |
| **Language** | Various (depending on the organization) |
| **License** | CC BY-NC 4.0 |
| **Use Case** | Research on news credibility, media bias, and misinformation |

---
## 💾 Data Structure

Each entry in `multiCred.json` follows this structure:

```json
{
  "user": "1234567890",
  "tweets": ["111111111111111111", "222222222222222222"],
  "comments": ["333333333333333333", "444444444444444444"],
  "label_available": true
}
```

---
# 📰 Dataset Composition

- **Accounts:** 1,233 verified or recognized news organizations  
- **Tweets:** IDs of posts authored by these organizations  
- **Comments:** IDs of replies directed at those accounts  
- **Labels:** Some organizations are labeled according to NewsGuard’s credibility ratings (labels not publicly released)  

---
# ⚖️ Ethical and Legal Considerations

- All accounts represent institutional, public news outlets, **not private individuals**.  
- Only **Tweet IDs** and **User IDs** are shared — no tweet text, usernames, bios, or images.  
- The dataset fully complies with:  
  - Twitter Developer Policy  
  - NewsGuard Terms of Use  

---
# 🔒 Access to Credibility Labels

- A portion of this dataset includes credibility labels derived from NewsGuard.  
- Due to copyright restrictions, these labels **cannot be publicly shared**.  
- Researchers interested in accessing the labeled subset may contact for **non-commercial, academic research purposes**.  

**Contact:** [mohammad.moradi9775@gmail.com]  
Please include your affiliation and intended use.

---
# 🧰 How to Rehydrate Tweets

You can rehydrate Profile IDs, Tweet IDs and IDs of replies to obtain profile, tweet text and their metadata using tools like twarc2 and snscrape.

# 🧠 Intended Uses

- Studying news credibility and trustworthiness on social media  
- Modeling information diffusion from credible vs. non-credible sources  
- Developing and evaluating automatic credibility assessment systems  

---
# 🚫 Limitations

- The dataset does **not include tweet text or NewsGuard ratings**  
- Some accounts may be inactive or removed since data collection  
- NewsGuard data remains proprietary and **cannot be redistributed**  
- Tweet IDs may no longer resolve if the tweet or account has been deleted  
- Labels are only available for a subset of accounts and must be requested separately  

---
# 🪪 License

- **License:** CC BY-NC 4.0  
- You may share and adapt the dataset for **non-commercial research** with proper attribution, and in full compliance with Twitter and NewsGuard policies  

---
# 🧾 Citation

Please cite both the dataset and the original paper:

```bibtex
@dataset{multicred_2025,
  author    = {Mohammad Moradi},
  title     = {multiCred: A Dataset of News Organization Credibility on Twitter},
  year      = {2025},
  publisher = {Hugging Face Datasets},
  url       = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/mamad97/MultiCred-Dataset}
}

@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2309-13305,
  author       = {Mohammad Moradi and
                  Mostafa Haghir Chehreghani},
  title        = {Multilevel User Credibility Assessment in Social Networks},
  journal      = {CoRR},
  volume       = {abs/2309.13305},
  year         = {2025},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.13305},
  doi          = {10.48550/ARXIV.2309.13305},
}
```