a spotify exclusive if you enjoyed this episode with sid warrior actually you know what i'll say that in the outro because i know you're going to enjoy it very technical biology meets physics i think you're going to enjoy this one [Music] dr sid wario another epic podcast with you we gotta talk about the dangers of future tech the uh fears that a lot of people have when it comes to the metaverse or after seeing a lot of black mirror episodes you're a black mirror fan i'm a black mirror fan so is harari and harari said about black mirror that it's weird how i know he talks but you know what i mean he said it's weird that black mirrors showing these things because they are very close to what's happening in reality these black mirror style technologies are actually going to come up very soon we've had a lot of entrepreneurs on the show speaking about the metaphors and technology we've had some kind of coders speak about it we've never had


kind of coders speak about it we've never had a doctor speak about these things and i also feel that a huge part of future tech that's near us is this machine body interface kind of tech where uh earlier we used to look at computer screens uh and you know do everything you want on a computer then the computer screen team came closer to us in our phones and now the computer screen gradually will make its way into our bodies what's up where do we even begin it's a brave new world as a doctor firstly do you agree okay this is all this is happening yes okay i do uh do you know why black mirror is named what it is so we are spending all day looking at the screen and when you turn off the screen you're looking at yourself and then that's green cracks so it's your own reality cracking it's a crazy concept so when i looked at when i saw black mirror for the first time i realized that this is a horror show actually and the


that this is a horror show actually and the reason why it's a horror show is because earlier horror stories used to be about ghosts scary witches ghosts bhooth prayed which at a time people believed was possible right so all good horror stories need to have that possibility of truth today conjuring will not be a horror story because it is fictional we know that is not happening black mirror is possible black mirror can happen today we believe that black mirror can happen and it is scary so 2022 horror story is black mirror let's kind of make this an everyday example people talk about data being the new oil everyone knows that uh the big companies in the world uh have access to a lot of our data probably know about our minds better than we do yeah if you don't know what this concept please or social dilemma on netflix i would also like to say that there's an episode of black mirror where the main character is in a world where she's rating everyone she meets and


a world where she's rating everyone she meets and she's rating all the experiences she has and people are rating her back therefore she's forced to be nice but then when the human element kicks in and emotions kick in and she flips out somewhere people start negatively rating her and her whole life is built around ratings yeah and therefore her self image uh what's called self uh the image of herself and her mind also starts slipping off now we think that's the future but that's happening in two places already one the social media you use and two the taxi drivers that you rate they also rate you back how is this rider yeah you think you're just giving them five stars they also give you five stars or three stars it's starting yeah and the algorithm will assign you a correct driver or a wrong driver based on your rating right and this is one business but every business that you interact with gradually is going to do this what is dystopian is that in that episode she may or may not


is that in that episode she may or may not get a house loan depending on how others rate you so already banks are doing that based on your spending capital and your uh the ability for you to pay off your past credit card loans you get a score a sible score is that the better your score the better your loans but now we're talking of social capital now even if today all your friends hate you your bank will still give you money if there is enough evidence that you will pay it off suppose we enter a society where your bank will not give you money because nobody trusts you your friends don't trust you and they know that because they can see your friends rating of you this is i had read this article about how china was running this experiment where on an app you can rate and you can inform the government of crimes that you see in your neighborhood essentially you rat out your neighbors so if they have parked the car wrong or if they have thrown out the trash in the


or if they have thrown out the trash in the wrong way if you point it out you get points so it's kind of like social policing where you encourage everybody to police each other it is dystopian it is already happening and the more we are connected to each other the more these things can happen [Music] okay because you're a neurologist let's talk specifically about the brain let's begin with say neuralink yeah i think there's one company called synchron yeah which has achieved a lot of progress in uh this computer brain interface why don't you explain what these things are someone who's never heard these words neuralink and synchron sure and then why don't you explain the possibilities all right uh the best way to understand the purpose of neuralink is to think about the speed of data transfer okay so you and i are talking uh i can hear you my brain is processing it my brain is telling my mouth and my lips and my tongue to speak words and you can hear it


tongue to speak words and you can hear it so we are communicating at a rate of say five words per second two words per second right now if i have to tell some other friend what you have told me i have to physically go and tell them this is 5000 years ago then you increase this rate of communication by creating a postal network now i can write a letter and send it across then you come up with telephones now it's even faster rate of communication is faster then you come up with emails then you come up with wi-fi so the rate of communication between all of us is increasing better and better now i have to interact with a mobile how quickly can i get a message to you depends on how quickly i can type so that is the rate of communication if i can type 50 words in a minute that is the rate of communication what if i can type as quickly as i can speak that is the next step voice detection what if i can type as quickly as i


what if i can type as quickly as i can think so that is where brain machine interfacing comes in we are already living in a brain machine interface except that right now the interface what is interface it is the barrier between two things so right now the interface between me and my mobile is my thumb how quickly my thumb moves is how quickly i can interact with the machine but if there is a chip in my brain which can read my thoughts theoretically and i can directly think out words that can get typed so that the interface becomes my thinking so how quickly can i think will decide how quickly i can type also how quickly i can move things so right now if i have to start a car the interface is that i have to move my arm and turn the ignition but what if there is a link directly from my brain to the car engine that means that i don't need a key i don't need that key ignition none of that it's a direct interface so brain machine


none of that it's a direct interface so brain machine interfacing essentially means connecting your brain to all the other equipment around you which right now it is already connected except it is connected through your arms and physical movement so you are side stepping that okay um engineering question engineering student medical student okay brain machine interface yeah uh the question do you every parents dream oh man if only if only you weren't a guy two content creators talking about how we made our parents proud yeah uh okay now uh when you study computers at a very basic level terms of the softwares we use are created using code decoded what are the codes created with what is the building block of code or what is the building block of a computer building block of a computer something called a microchip or a microprocessor we had a subject called muppy mu c microchips and microprocessors right all right the basic logic of that is that everything inside a computer is built up of zeros and ones yeah the binary yeah the binary so if you type in a


binary yeah the binary so if you type in a the computer doesn't read it as an a right the language of the computer speaks is only 0 1 0 1 0 1 so it will code the a as a combination of zeros and ones and that's the basic logic of binary a b is another combination a c is another combination right numerals symbols they all have their own combinations and then you put letters together you get words you put words together you get sentences sentences are uh basically the building blocks of a a code right okay but when you boil it down to its basic it's zeros and ones if you boil that down even further it means there's a lot of circuits inside a computer and every time it reads a one it fires an electrical volt right and every time it reads zero it doesn't right or the other way but my point is i'm asking you about the biological version of this does your brain work in the same way like does it understand binary only is that the logic behind


it understand binary only is that the logic behind them creating brain machine interfaces no so brain machine interfaces is to directly map which areas of the brain are firing okay so we are not going into the molecular level yet we don't have the technology to do that at the molecular level it is very similar except that it's more like a qubit not a bit where it's not a binary so there is a open state a closed state and a semi open state for receptors it's too much it's too deep but sort of a binary there's a trinary or whatever sort of something like that so when a sign when two neurons are talking to each other there are receptors that can let sodium ions in calcium ions in and that is what determines whether that neuron will fire or not now you can either have a closed state so that means a neuron will not fire and open state but it is going to fire or a semi-open state where it may fire depending on all the other variables wow so it's


fire depending on all the other variables wow so it's a much more complex system than of just ones and zeros my question is synchron this company that we read about they were able to get a paralyzed man to write a sentence using just his thoughts yeah how did that happen like i understand what happened on the computer side but what happened on the biology side so when um i'll take the example of the monkey it's easier to understand uh when neuralink was able to train a monkey to play a video game with just his thoughts so initially what he did was what the company did was they gave a monkey a remote okay and with the remote he has to move a block around the screen and it has to he has to bounce a ball around the screen so every time the ball would hit the the block the monkey would be able to get a spurt of strawberry or it's like a sweet liquid so that's a reward mechanism right so now the monkey knows that okay i have to


so now the monkey knows that okay i have to keep on doing this in order to keep getting that dopamine kick but without that monkey being aware uh the computer was detecting every time he would move his hand to the right which area would fire move to the left which area would fire up which area would fire down which area would fire and the company was just reading all of that and correlating with the actual hand movement once it has figured that out it disconnected the remote from the screen and directly connected the brain to the screen the monkey didn't know that the monkey is still moving the remote but now every time that particular area will fire the screen will automatically move and the monkey still thinks that i'm moving it with my remote so every time you want to execute a particular action like for example if i want to move my index finger a separate area of my brain is firing if i want to move my little finger a separate area is firing so if i can map that onto a code


firing so if i can map that onto a code i don't need my hand right so if i'm pressing a remote the only reason i have to press the remote is because there is no way for my brain to directly press the remote but if i can connect my brain to this it is direct same for words same for language if i have although language is more complex than just moving a particular finger but it is still possible that if you have to come up with certain words you can map your brain accordingly what is more easy suppose if i have 10 words in front of me i can move my eyes to a particular point and that can pick up the word that is what stephen hawking did uh he experimented with multiple things um so you're able to pick up words with your eyes that is another way of brain machine interfacing what about dreams i actually read about this research that's being done to showcase dreams visually so if you're dreaming uh they are trying to work on technologies which


uh they are trying to work on technologies which will actually be able to showcase sort of what the dream looks as far as i know it's not been successful yet um because there is there is actually no not a big screen that is playing in your brain and you can just uh output it onto a real-world screen it's just neural networks firing together coming up with an image and then it disintegrating um but you can map which areas are getting fired and if you are successful enough and if you go down deep enough you can map which areas represent which memories as far as i know so far they have not been successful in doing that but i have no doubt that it will happen so from all this what i gather is that on the biology side when they're trying to uh get the brain part of the computer brain interface or the machine brain interface it's basically a device a machine that maps out your entire brain with all its details yeah and then takes out parts to construct something on the


and then takes out parts to construct something on the computer side yes okay it tries to decode what this part firing means now the complicated part is that the same part can fire for multiple reasons like for example if i'm walking and certain parts of my brain are firing those same parts could also fire if i'm listening to say a michael jackson song so now if that part fires what will the computer interpret it as so it has to understand the complexity it has to understand the context of a particular pattern of network firing which is why the challenge is there okay deeper question if i move my left hand and if you're and if you move your left hand uh is this same part of both our brains firing or is it different for me and different for you it's it'll be very very similar so if you're if you're moving your left arm the right motor cortex is moving same for me okay so that much homogeneously is there like both of our brains will be wired that similarly which


of our brains will be wired that similarly which is why movement is probably the easiest one to monitor initially language is more difficult memories emotions are even more difficult so i think what elon musk said on our jorgan experience podcast was that the main purpose of neuralink initially is to fix all the neurological problems that we find in the brain you're a neurologist it's your job to do this now how do you one feel about a technology like that coming in and maybe i won't say taking away your job but sort of affecting your profession and second is that actually possible speaking as a neurologist yeah absolutely and it's not taking away my profession there's already devices that do this there's something called as deep brain stimulation so if a part of your brain isn't working as well for example in parkinson's you've heard of parkinson's a part of the brain where dopamine is supposed to be acting that part disintegrates or doesn't work as well so we put in a


or doesn't work as well so we put in a stimulator like a battery operated stimulator and that will give electric impulses to that area to stimulate it like surgically over surgically you put it into the brain so that is called deep brain stimulation so it is like battery charging a car you know you you kick start a car if it's not working so that's how deep brain stimulation works uh it's already happening and it is part of the treatment options that we offer to parkinson's patients who who have become tolerant to medicines who have whose disease has advanced so much there are other surgical solutions like for example seizure you have it you have an epilepsy disorder epilepsy is when there is uncontrolled electrical activity so you can put in an implant that can cancel out a seizure so there's electrical activity coming from here you cancel it out so that the seizure stops spreading that is also one of the ways in which you can treat an epilepsy patient got


in which you can treat an epilepsy patient got it um in terms of and there's so many more questions i have about biohacking uh the genome project all that we're going to get into but for now i want to actually just talk to the doctor in you um when we talk about things like brain surgery uh say just for the medical profession it's the most difficult field to get into anything related to the brain um neurosurgeon no so neurosurgery is definitely one of the most complex fields to you know become um it's not about difficulty it's a cardiac surgeon you know it's undergoing training that is as intensive and doing procedures that are as complex um it is the difficulty in getting the post is not the not what the conversation is about the complexity of what they're doing definitely as a surgeon as a surgeon because we understand the heart a lot more than we understand the brain okay so a neurosurgeon like a neurosurgeon a brain surgeon a what a


neurosurgeon a brain surgeon a what a brain surgeon does is definitely one of the most complex procedures in medical science why because of this because our understanding of the brain is still evolving we are still learning how different parts of the brain communicate with each other we are still learning how one part of the brain will affect a patient's health overall so because of that i believe it is challenging and also because we are still understanding how neuroplasticity works so how much of a brain can we remove that is problematic and still give the patient a quality of life that is good these are things that we are still learning about okay for people who are listening into dr said wario on the show the first time neuroplasticity is your brain's ability to build up further parts of itself or break down old parts of itself over the course of your life it's possible for you through habit formation and good sleep that's thank you this is why i need someone like renview to explain things because


why i need someone like renview to explain things because i sometimes get carried away no no fair i also think by this point if people haven't checked out the other episodes with you it's a crime it's a crime please go check it out but we'll come back to biohacking yeah so it's beyond biohacking i feel like people talk about crypto web three metaverse and we'll get there as well uh what people don't talk about as an upcoming modern day technology is all the advancements we're seeing in biohacking two questions firstly what is biohacking secondly other than neural link what are some things that are coming up and i'm talking about the next five to ten years right the most exciting things that are coming up is ways in which you can get feedback from your body so think about it explain what biohacking is first okay there are two ways to look at biohacking one is some techniques that you use to improve your own efficiency of your body of your body so what are some breathing


your body of your body so what are some breathing exercises what are some daily meditation exercises what are some physical exercises that you can do what are things that you can eat what are things that you can what are ways in which you can sleep better all of these are ways of biohacking your body the other way of biohacking is through technology so what kind of music are you listening to is there any evidence for binaural beats is there any evidence for the correct or a particular kind of lighting in your house a particular kind of uh shades of curtains in your house all of these what are the loops that they set up that affect your behavior they're all different ways in which you can think of biohacking so sort of you get an insight into how your personal unique brain is reacting to different real world scenarios or things you put inside your body manipulating your neurobiological reactions okay like oh one example is that patch that people have started putting you know those patches which


that people have started putting you know those patches which give you feedback on your glucose levels that's one sort of biohacking because you're getting feedback on your glucose so the word for that would be biofeedback okay so there is a difference biofeedback is incredibly useful we have biofeedback inbuilt in us at any given point of time your brain is aware of your body temperature which is a biofeedback your brain is aware of where your legs are which is biofeedback uh how full your stomach is how full your bladder is are you sexually turned on are you sexually turned off are you is your stomach paining is there any pain anywhere in your body this is all biofeedback your brain needs constant information about your body what we are doing through technology is adding another level of biofeedback so now we have a glucometer for example now my i am consciously aware not just subconsciously my subconscious brain is already aware of my glucose levels but am i consciously aware of my glucose levels that adds another level


aware of my glucose levels that adds another level am i consciously aware of my heartbeat through my apple watch i will be able to know that my oxygen level my uh my weight so all of these things are ways of getting bio feedback the more feedback you get the more your conscious decision making can change so your daily life choices correct exactly so people who are doing 24 hour glucose monitoring have found that they can now see when their glucose levels go above 110 120 and then when they reach out for that cake they will not eat it because now they don't want it to cross 125 because that is a target that they've set for themselves it can also have an opposite effect because i have had patients with diabetes whose sugars were not very well controlled 200 220 they're doing their best they're dieting they're taking their medicines they're exercising but even then initially the sugar levels can still fluctuate now normally what would happen is they would check their blood sugar after 15 days which means their


check their blood sugar after 15 days which means their bio feedback would come every 15 days and then okay this point come okay but with 24 hour glucose monitoring every single rise is documented now their full attention is on that app and that gives them anxiety so too much feedback is also a problem and this is a very interesting phenomenon that we have noticed black mirror there we go full circle wow okay what else what other cool is around the corner other than just feedback i recently did a workshop on neuro marketing okay which is what so traditional marketing the purpose of traditional marketing is that if i'm selling something to you i need to know what was your experience i need to know that next time when you go out how likely you are to buy my product how likely you are to recommend it to other people and if i sell something completely different how likely it is that you might like that one right the only way that i can know that is by asking you there's no other way i can know that so


you there's no other way i can know that so i will ask you this is called traditional uh taking a questionnaire taking group forums taking random phone calls just you know asking people hey listen we have come up with a new product what is your take on this do you like this one what neuro marketing does is a try to understand consumer behavior why is it that they picked one thing about another and b predict consumer behavior how likely is it that they will buy it through biofeedback so all the things that a consumer's body is telling them if the company can know in some way it gives them valuable information so for example if the next time you open your phone and you open amazon you're scrolling right in every page there will be three four five products how many of them will you consciously register one maybe nothing you scroll past it sometimes you may register something but you didn't really pause there you might not even know that you've registered it but suppose if the camera is tracking your eye the camera has noticed that


camera is tracking your eye the camera has noticed that you have paused on this 0.23 seconds more than other things now why did you do that there is a reason your brain for some reason values that thing more maybe you like it maybe you hate it either way you can pause on that but it is information about you next time we will show you more of that product let's see how it goes if you end up buying it that means that you like that show it more this could be a reason that netflix thumbnails are different for everyone absolutely you think they're using neural marketing even of course they are but the level of feedback isn't that advanced yet so most phones uh still don't have eye tracking at least as far as we know the only thing that they have is the speed of scrolling and where your fingers are going but the next big thing that is going to happen is eye tracking is going to become universal this is something that i believe in okay and probably just like how fingerprints became


in okay and probably just like how fingerprints became universal face id became universal it's going to be a technological advantage that is going to be pitched to us this is my prediction that imagine if they give you scrolling through ice as a feature now you don't even have to touch it you have to look as you look down the scroll goes up automatically you don't have to click on it just blink on it or just keep your eyes paused on a particular point and it just selects itself what if the screen becomes that intuitive that you don't need your hands at all so you will give permission to the phone to track your eyes you know everything that you're saying about technology i'm trying to see the engineering side of it which is actually we've done so many conversations but this is the first time a biotech conversation is happening and that's what i'm really enjoying this is a very unique one yeah uh what i will say is mathematics is the language of the universe everything we see


is the language of the universe everything we see around us is mathematics there's numbers all around us there's numbers even in deep biology in what you do because biology in its core is chemistry which is physics which is mathematics of course so um keeping that in mind and also from some of the books i've read about futurism etc etc there's a concept of big data and everything that you've said based on neuralink plus um neuromarketing plus i think what was the other one we spoke about the eye tracker synchronous yeah you name it bio feedback yeah it's all data based of course yeah and that's the key word here that can you get biological data off a human being and even when you say moving your eye down it's by how many centimeters as the person like can you quantify it yeah cameras will get that advance i'll be able to quantify in using trigonometry like you know what uh you're staring at at the screen this is where trigonometry is used in life anyway kidding but


trigonometry is used in life anyway kidding but coming back to the point it's all data based the more data you're able to get about the analog world or the biological world the better your biotech becomes keeping that in mind people keep talking about big data as a massive part of biotech going forward yeah and what big data basically means is big data like a huge infinitely huge um number of data points so an kind of tangible way to understand that is hypothetical hypothetical scenario 50 years into the future we have something like nanobots okay which are very tiny microscopic robots that you inject into your skin now they will be able to get data about your body how much zinc is present in your bloodstream how much ion is there how much vitamin a do you have they can even tell when the first cancer cell will be created and before that cancer blows up into something they'll actually be able to go then shoot that cancer cell down now this is the power of the future of big


now this is the power of the future of big data keeping that mind do you have anything to add what big data i love what you said about number of data points because that is exactly how marketing has evolved uh when 50 years ago when you look at a particular population you would say that there are say for example 1 000 men 900 women of this much age group and roughly these many people watch cricket these many people watch football that's like that's what you know now based on this you have to decide if you have a soap brand how do you sell it to and who do you sell it to so this is all the data you have as opposed to that today you could technically say that in this particular building there are these many people who have paused at a or who have bought soaps that are very similar to your competition or very similar to your brand in the last one month now that is data that they have today in 10 years they could have data about each individual person and the percentage


could have data about each individual person and the percentage likelihood of them buying your product so as the number of data points keep increasing the predictability of a human being keeps increasing i remember we spoke about seeing the future and this is exactly what it is the more data points you have and the more your processing power is the more you can see the future yeah collect data from the past applied in the present you'll predict a likely future um i want to know about nanobots actually is that uh going to happen according to you because they say that computers are constantly getting smaller yeah effectively another water is a very very tiny computer i think technologically it is inevitable uh whether it gets used practically depends on multiple variables depends on the ethical concerns depends on the the fear concerns you know people might have uh trouble accepting injury yeah correct so there needs to be like a social shift in how we perceive robots in how we perceive these kind of gadgets because i believe when


these kind of gadgets because i believe when google glass had come out with their glasses people felt a little strange to put a computer so close to their face but then they became comfortable with apple watch having something on their wrist all the time which is a mobile computing device so would you be comfortable having a computer injected into your blood today probably not but if there's a social shift then probably yes so before that happens i believe a lot of other things have to happen for example uh computerized lenses is what is more likely to happen first where everything you see will literally be through the lens of a computer so there's augmented reality on top of everything so when i see you if i want to i can just and if you're a facebook friend of mine then i can see your name your age your gender all of that stuff on the side i can have information about you and i can add you as a friend right there from my eyes so these are things that i think would


my eyes so these are things that i think would happen before nanobots in your blood okay um let's talk about something that's going on right now while we're talking about uh bio neck would you go on stem cells as biotech and what are stem cells stem cells are bio they are not they're more bio than tech so stem cells are cells in your body that have not differentiated into a particular organ i think they can become anything they can become anything so okay hold on to explain this better your brain has a particular kind of cell either a particular kind of cell your lips have a particular kind of cell your bones have a particular yes think about it all the way back when you when you start off as a sperm and an egg and they come together and they form a zygote and that zygote will go and implant into a uterus now that zygote will eventually become a full human baby so essentially everything about you has come from that cell so that cell is capable


has come from that cell so that cell is capable of differentiating into a heart into a lung into a brain into a kidney whatever so at different stages in that journey from a cell to a baby there are different types of cells that you can pick up and some of those cells remain like that even in an adult form okay so deep inside your bones you have cells that can become any of your blood cells it could become a white blood cell it could become a red blood cell similarly in your brain there are areas which can become a neuron but it hasn't become a neuron yet okay wow right so there are stem cells that are still there in your body which you can pick up and so this is great for you know different types of treatments i didn't know that these cells are present in adult bodies as well i was under the assumption for some reason that it's something to do with umbilical cords of babies that is one way to do it but there are stem cells present


way to do it but there are stem cells present in hume adult humans also doesn't mean that umbilical cords contain a lot of stem cells yes okay when they're saying that stem cell research is happening all over the world are they trying to make stem cells in labs is that the logic they are also trying to do that uh they are also trying to see if they can grow organs from other animals in vitro that is in a lab and then try to transplant that into a human being so these are all different kinds of research stem cell therapy is so promising because it can it opens the door to creating organs from scratch quite literally so if you can do that the the possibility of help is huge and even in cancer treatment there is a lot of potential for stem cell because in a way cancer cells divide like stem cells because they divide and they grow and they grow and they grow so when you understand stem cells a lot you actually have insight into cancer as well didn't they


actually have insight into cancer as well didn't they just come up with some drug that is being very promising in cancer yeah so but it was a very small group though it was just 12 people okay so um i think there was a warning in the study as well that you know before until they do a much bigger study uh you can't you can't be too celebratory but definitely a huge news again i'm asking the doctor and you are there other angles like this whole stem cell research angle which interests you a lot so neurogenesis is a very interesting one because earlier we used to believe that a baby wants bond brain cells don't grow i don't know if you've heard of this thing yeah we we are born with all the neurons that we will ever have and if neuron dies it dies but that's not true now we know that there are areas in the brain especially in the around the nose and in deep in the hippocampus there are areas where new brain cells can grow and


there are areas where new brain cells can grow and there are certain things that we can do to make them grow even more exercise being one of them interestingly where you can actually create new neurons so that is a very interesting field of research so exercise technically makes you smarter it does wow quite literally possibly even meditation quite literally it does yeah okay uh and and there's more research being done about these dormant neurons that's what yes yes how do you even do research about it you take like dead people's brains or something these are all animal studies most of what we know about human brains comes from animal and monkey studies wow ironically um so i i remember talking to a researcher about this that it is possible that um the human brain is completely different [Music] than animals yeah i mean from all the things that we say it is very possible that the human brain is different because most of what we know about the human brain comes from animal studies and we are assuming that it gets carried forward


and we are assuming that it gets carried forward into human beings as well what will it take to do studies on human brains instead that's the biggest challenge right so now until very very recently we didn't have imaging techniques how do i know what's in your head the only way was to cut open your brain and take it out and study which is not fair for you but now we have things like mri and that the strength of the mri is getting better and better so now with an mri machine i can see very very clear parts of your brain there is a one tesla mri the three tesla mri so that's the strength of the mri now they've come up with seven tesla mri it is so powerful that you can almost see the cells each individual neuron so they are coming up with something called radio pathology so pathology is when you cut open a tissue take it out put it under a microscope and look at the cells the only way to look at the cells was to


the only way to look at the cells was to do that but imagine if a camera or an mri is so powerful that you don't need to cut it open just through that mri machine you can look at a brain and look at the cells of the brain now suddenly the whole brain appears different so i've seen images of a seven tesla mri and it looks nothing like a three tesla mri so our our relationship with the brain is going to change as technology changes and therefore with this speed of technology changing maybe a speed of learning about the brain also 100 100 there is something called mr spectroscopy and mr tractography now these are two new techniques you can see the fibers of the brain and if you haven't seen it guys you should check it out just google mr tractography it is one of the most beautiful images that you can see all the fibers of the brain in different colors your brain looks so gorgeous that's actually my desktop wallpaper we were just talking about how engineers and


wallpaper we were just talking about how engineers and doctors don't talk to each other enough but that's changing biotech is a great example of it okay we gotta move on to talking about spoke about stem cells we spoke about um what we just figured bio feedback we spoke about neurogenesis uh 3d printing organs that's another one that's coming up like 3d printing is getting better and better constantly jose koako yeah joe's he gifted me that groot which is lying behind us is that 3d printer yes so that's just the beginning of 3d printing amazing i recently read an article of somebody uh 3d printing a human ear and it's an actual human ear you when you say human ear you mean with the eardrum with everything no the external here okay so just this part okay but it has actual cartilage in it which means that after that if it gets injured if i get a small cut it will heal so we are there what's the raw material for that too complicated


there what's the raw material for that too complicated like a lot of bio cellulose and yeah with some stem cell masala inch of stem cells you have to do this like organ raw material dude but that's that's where we are we are i think we are five six years away from 3d printing a liver or a heart it's also a hope for uh the world's non-vegetarians because yeah can you believe that's not meat yeah 3d print nice chicken batters correct without killing chicken yep vegans will be very conflicted um i don't think i think they'll be happy they'll be happy yeah dude like even since i've gone vegetarian the one there's two downsides to going between one's loss in like muscle and size and i no matter how many vegetarians bad for the fact that you know no strength is the same it's not okay your explosive strength is less and the second one is lack of options in food like uh and and there'll be some happy vegetarians out there who will


there'll be some happy vegetarians out there who will say no you need to try food with me there's no lag but there is a lack they have done that right like they have they have those beef that is not beef which apparently tastes exactly i said that in dubai right now it's called impossible impossible burger correct i swear to god it tastes just like red meat you can't tell the difference crazy uh but the case against that from non-vegetarians or the meat lobby like the animal husbandry lobby all over the world is that uh you don't know what they're putting inside which is also true because i believe in the ingredients they write some code word and they write just like comma stabilizer that stabilizer could contain a bunch of whatever it is yeah so no one really knows what's inside and and these beyond meat and impossible meat people have not come out and said that listen we have these things yeah i also believe they were they successfully made stem cell uh generated


believe they were they successfully made stem cell uh generated meat like they made prawns or something yeah it's very expensive yeah uh like it was very expensive to produce and all that stuff but there is hope for non-vegetarians who don't want to kill for food so technology is a rate limiting factor the possibility is the rate limiting factor price is going to come down of everything it is that first initial leap that is the most difficult once you know that it is possible and the market realizes that there is a market for it price is going to come down so 3d printing definitely the next best the next big thing somebody 3d printed a bridge i think in china they built an entire bridge out of 3d printed materials so see this is another technology that doesn't get spoken about in this hype of metals and nfts and all right that's the kind of technology that's popping in the world right now because it's near social media and it's near fintech the industries are already very central to


fintech the industries are already very central to our lives yeah you have anything to say about metals a lot actually uh but let's let's do one more uh one more minute on 3d printing sure we are 3d printing is a way of decentralizing production too complex a thought all right the way i think about it is usually what happens there is a company the company will produce um produce a shoe produce a phone produce whatever it is there is a distribution chain logistics there's a truck there's a delivery guy it'll come to your place gotcha 3d printer at home in every home all you have to do is to download the software and you 3d print whatever it is that you want is a crazy future to think about yeah so there's no there's no big industry there's no big factory anywhere your experience of online shopping will change you selected it could be in your hand in a minute right there my question always is what is the raw material here i don't know is it some kind of


material here i don't know is it some kind of plastics yeah if yes how does it affect the environment et cetera but i don't know yeah again then we're talking about 3d printing years so will you pull out a baby's umbilical cord like throw it into the 3d print hopefully not yeah let's go let's go virtual reality where everything is okay how do you look at this as a doctor other than the whole eyes will get strained angle because i have used a virtual reality device it's good i won't say it's oh bro it's not like that level yet it's good i mean yeah i found it a little hard on the hard on the head uh after you use it for an hour especially if it's an intense game you mean it causes headaches okay uh it's no quite literally you feel stuffed and you feel a little claustrophobic after some time especially if you want noise-cancelling headphones you do get lost and then you just want to get out and plus you're sweating inside


want to get out and plus you're sweating inside you know if you're playing a shooter game holy you know just looking all around you're physically moving you're jumping up and down uh and you're trying to shoot shoot people can't take it for more than 40 minutes 45 minutes so definitely the hardware part has to improve it has to become a lot more comfortable but conceptually inevitable i feel um that we will move on to virtual reality we may not move on to it exclusively it's not like reality will stop and everything will go virtual augmented reality has a much more chance of becoming mainstream than virtual reality um but there are some things that virtual reality can do which is very very cool like having virtual meetings or you know having virtual games is going to be a huge thing like you could have we already have online fifa tournaments imagine having online fifa virtual reality tournaments would you be able to tell the difference between that and going to old trafford live and seeing


that and going to old trafford live and seeing a football match that is the level that we are thinking about so definitely exciting very very uh i'm looking forward to that there's two last uh things i want to address on this show the first is the genome project what was it what significance does it hold and the second one we'll get to later okay but the second one is very black mirror risk and that's the highlight part for me all right but let's talk about this gene mapping gene hacking um i say it because again michio kaku said that in the last 100 years it could be one of the biggest scientific discoveries that mankind has ever made yeah and the angle is designer babies you'll be able to design [Music] he should be so tall his eyes should be colored this way his whatever voice should be like this yeah she should look like that yeah that's the angle no so for me uh it always starts off with a more let's prevent diseases okay that is how all health


let's prevent diseases okay that is how all health advancements start similarly for neural link you would notice let's treat patients of alzheimer's parkinson's seizures it's never about let's make people superheroes that will happen but you can't sell that so initially the whole genome product project would be about let us be able to identify problems before they start let us identify all the genes that can cause say diabetes or alzheimer's see if they are there or not but the baby is still in the womb and if at some point we become advanced enough that we can correct it wouldn't you right if you know that your baby will have alzheimer's at the age of 50 and if you can change it now in a safe way would you probably because it's not nothing is stopping you from treating the alzheimer's when it comes so why not prevent it similarly for diabetes so things that are obviously diseases you will most likely treat i think most parents would and then that opens the door to ethical problems


would and then that opens the door to ethical problems now i want my child to be fair i want my child to be dark i want my child to be tall i want my child to be short now these are their problems no are they diseases no can a parent change it it's a difficult question because we are changing children as soon as they are born anyway we are giving them a name we are telling them their gender we are sending them to the school of our choice to hang out with kids that we think will influence them in a particular way we are giving them books to influence them to think in a particular way all of that is influencing so till what level is it good parenting and at what level is it unethically changing somebody's genes so this is a human story that we tell ourselves we are going against god's will till where is god's will if a child is born we shouldn't interfere at all then so both extremes are bad and at some point


so both extremes are bad and at some point we will come to a consensus that either it is ethical beyond this it is not and the strange thing is that that line will keep changing as society evolves we will keep on re-evaluating what is right what is wrong so no telling where it will go but the human genome project is essentially understanding the whole genetic makeup of a human being okay let's break down the biology a little bit more okay why did it take so long to complete this human genome project what was the difficulty and correct me if i'm wrong but they're basically mapping out what a dna strand looks like am i right yeah okay so if you take out one hair of mine or one cell of my skin it'll be made up of cells and those cells will have one part that contains your dna strand yes and a dna stand is a small physical thing yes very tiny smaller than a cell correct inside a cell is a nucleus okay inside the nucleus is the dna and


okay inside the nucleus is the dna and it's one strand two strands two strands of dna one from your mom one from your dad yes okay yeah um okay one of them is altered and then one of them stays the same from the parent right so there are 23 chromosomes uh so we have those chromosomes and inside each chromosome there are many many many many base pairs so that is combinations of amino acids so you need to know the sequence of those amino acids because in one particular like for example if you heard of something called down syndrome down syndrome is when your 21st chromosome uh there is a trisomy so there is an extra copy of that now that is a problem so if that is there then you have chances of getting down syndrome so that is a very simple one to diagnose so this was known very early on but if the problem is much more specific and hidden inside one of the base pairs of one of the genes one of the chromosome then the diagnosis


the genes one of the chromosome then the diagnosis of that is much more complex which is why it took so long and we have still not done yet the project is still going on we are still trying to understand where all the diseases are coming from at a genetic level because even this is mathematics it's a framework for how your body will function when that little cell becomes one full human being it's kind of a prediction for the future correct uh and based on the different combinations within that dna stand i'm sure it'll lead to new um possibilities and reality yeah also because it's not always one is to one it's not that eight problem okay a problem because multiple genes will interact with each other so you need to have this combination of problems to have this effect okay so that increases the complexity so it's a very complex problem on a very microscopic scale that's what that's why it's taking so long okay and now correct me if i'm wrong but i've heard people say things like i think they


but i've heard people say things like i think they experimented with the part of the dna sequence which is responsible for aids or cancer i can't remember which one but when they pulled it out and they made that cell sort of cancer-free or that that human being that would form from the cell cancer free or aids-free i can't remember which one it was uh it also affected muscular growth possible i don't remember this particular study um it was something related to muscular growth it is definitely possible because um most of the things that can go wrong with the body it has originally developed so that something can go right so if you influence the wrong thing many times the right thing also gets affected maybe in a more positive way yeah or in a negative way exactly okay so that's that's the reason why most of these treatments are difficult so um like for example if you have a disease called rheumatoid arthritis for example so that is where your joints get affected because your immune system is


where your joints get affected because your immune system is attacking itself your immune system attacks our own body now to treat that you have to give medicines to shut down the immune system right because the immune system was misbehaving but the immune system developed for a reason to fight infections now that you've shut down the immune system infections can come this give and take is a part of every medical treatment you know so that will happen here also in this domain one last question before we move on to the final leg which is that when you actually want to alter a dna sequence if there's some technology i'm assuming yes what is that technology it's like a machine the latest one is crispr uh which is a pretty cool technology it's literally that you go in and at a molecular level you can select it's like cut and paste so you say that out of this whole sentence of genes i don't like these three words so let me go in cut it off take it out and put in another three


it off take it out and put in another three words that i liked which is how you can alter the height yeah uh the look of the baby over simplification but yeah technically you can if you have cracked the code to that level you can change snippets of somebody's genetic sequence and technically change who they are what's the engineering of crispr is it uh is it like actually two scissors no though these are chemical scissors so there are okay chemical molecules that you can add to the gene and then it can go in and do that wow this is deep biochemistry yeah wow man and the beautiful thing about crispr is that you don't need a huge lab to do this apparently the technology has already evolved to a point where you could do it in a small lab like every city or every village could have a crispr lab so this is actually a win of the world of chemistry yeah a huge one i think uh it won the nobel prize i forget which year but yeah that's insane


prize i forget which year but yeah that's insane okay and one last okay a round of discussion again from that michio podcast which i highly recommend you check out that person's work he's yeah uh like he's a astrophysicist who has knowledge about a lot of subjects yeah they asked him that uh what's the most fascinating technology in recent times that you love he spoke about this crispr and the genome project and they said that after you pass away very soon after you pass away what would you be excited about so he said that in the same way that dna has started to get mapped completely they are trying to map the human brain as well uh now the human brain is made up of neurons what if you can represent each of those neurons using a transistor right okay i don't know how to explain a transistor in layman's terms because i don't know uttanamo transit i've forgotten i mean i wasn't a good engineering student honestly but think of it in the same way that


honestly but think of it in the same way that you'd think of a neuron a cell that can pass electricity from one side to another right so say if i have to take runway's brain and represented and recreated using transistors that fill up a big cricket stadium okay now maybe this will take years to create it'll occupy a lot of space etc maybe it'll be as big as bandra all of bandra will my brain will like be there in in physical form now once you have that brain network and you fire electricity from one side and switch it on the question he raised is does that become a conscious being does that brain give rise to consciousness say now rather than just the brain occupying bandra what if you build a robotic body with that brain inside with the functioning liver etc whatever does that become a massive giant your building you wouldn't need a liver um in fact the interesting thing is that you wouldn't need any of the other organs just a brain and a kali


the other organs just a brain and a kali button just a brain and something for movement because essentially that's what you are you are a brain that can move your heart exists to pump blood into the brain which a robot will not need your lungs exist to take in oxygen so that it can oxygenate the blood to give to the brain which your brain would not need liver is to digest food which you don't need kidneys to put out urine which you don't need so your whole body all of your systems will be unnecessary if you have a robotic brain right it's a non-organic brain it's not a biological brain so you don't need any of that it could literally be a brain on wheels for movement his further question in the same domain as see this is likely going to happen it's a matter of computers uh becoming faster okay uh the reason that i don't think it will happen is because it's not just about mapping each individual neuron it is also about figuring out how


individual neuron it is also about figuring out how each individual individual neuron is connected to each other which is extremely difficult okay extremely difficult because if it's difficult to map one billion neurons to one billion transistors imagine how difficult it is to figure out how those one billion transistors are connecting to each other over one trillion synapses look think of the logistics of that and it's not even that it's a one is to one connection it's that if a neuron a is talking to neuron b for some reason because neuron is talking to neuron b neuron c can't talk to neuron d so the whole loop has so many negative feedbacks positive feedbacks and you know back channels that it is the communication that makes the difference our neurons are actually very very similar but the connections are different can i play devil's advocate sure go ahead let's talk about the past technologies we've spoken about in this podcast itself we spoke with the high quality mri machine that maps out your


with the high quality mri machine that maps out your brain then that cross section yes now i'm sure those technologies will also advance yeah apparently 3d printing will also advance boom you combine them too and you have yeah deeply connected yeah i'm i don't think it is um impossible in fact i think it is inevitable if you're going to say infinite time right okay if you say 500 years i would say yeah it's it's possible to map out a human brain so that's what i think i also think that our understanding of brains are always increasing so much and these other tertiary technologies which are unrelated to the brain but can be applied to like 3d printing right like those powerful scans all that's also going to advance and i just i i would like to believe that the human race is at the brink of technological revolution yeah yeah one we are in the midst of one uh we don't realize it because it's happening around us but um yeah we're in the midst of


us but um yeah we're in the midst of a huge technological boom that is only going to get exponentially quicker yeah and it's terrifying and exciting so the the last thing that michio kaku brought up about this concept that if you can take a copy of your own brain and build it in the real world using metal um it's likely that that will be a great home for all the data that's already running in your brain interesting because your memories are also a big connection of uh neurons all that's already there in that metal is there any way to transfer your own electricity there is that call transferring consciousness is that the black mirror episode where they upload the consciousness onto a computer so it is technically possible to take a screenshot of who you are and map it onto a brain into a artificial brain but every time you experience a new situation those neurons are changing now can those transistors can those metallic wires have the capacity to automatically unhook themselves and hook onto another


to automatically unhook themselves and hook onto another one wow can those transistors have the capacity to divide into new transistors because that's what the brain is doing so even if you map ranveer today into a robot five minutes later you guys are going to be different because that ranveer is going to remain runway of today and you will be different in five minutes so evolutionarily you are still at an advantage and this is where i bring in stem cells yes so when the day we can come up with biological organic computers we have a chance of replicating our consciousness onto a computer and biological organic computers are a combination of all these technologies we just spoke about correct because biological organic computers are what we are [Music] so basically we are trying to replicate ourselves and if you think this podcast was fun you should check out the others even the hindi episodes we've done so currently the best way to create a biological organic computer is to have sex [Laughter] which was the


computer is to have sex [Laughter] which was the topic for our last episode it's about 1am doctor said body of crazy episodes again crazy how does it feel at the end of this uh brain sex situation no insane man insane we have um we have we've talked about too many intellectual things without getting too tired so i i love that i love the vibe that you've created you're a great podcaster man no thank you bro i think you're switching it off maybe maybe i'll 3d print my own train and make that that runway do the international gig dr said warrior thank you thank you for having me man this was a lot of fun see you see you that was the episode for today especially for international audiences if you enjoyed this conversation with sid warrior you have to check out the entire series we've done with him some incredible topics that we've touched upon this was only the recent episode from our series with dr sid warrior for more episodes of trs make sure you follow


for more episodes of trs make sure you follow us on spotify every episode's available on spotify 48 hours before it's available anywhere else in the world and if you're a regular listener or watcher of trs i'd love to know what other episodes you'd like with the master dr said warrior comment below tell us on our social media this podcasting journey has only just begun [Music] you


does obama have blood on his hands more than bush more than bush more than bush if you talk about total tonnage the total amount of ammunition that was dropped on innocent civilians you'd add up the totals for george w bush you add up the totals for obama obama comes up on top i think it was called two india's when he spoke about one great aspect of it about the culture and spiritualism and they backed it up with like islamophobia and all that the world knows india as today i disagree with this completely and veer das in order to become famous there went there and made all these statements on a public stage which i think is shameful they should be ashamed of himself namaste from india if you're an american watching or listening to this podcast firstly this is not meant to offend you in any form i'm patriotic about india because i'm an indian you're patriotic about usa because you were born there in saying that modern


usa because you were born there in saying that modern day news media doesn't give us the news that's actually happening out there modern day textbooks teach us a slightly altered form of history and media in general is very likely showing us what powerful people in powerful places want us to see and listen to that's the point of podcast today we have abhijit chavra bringing part three of our world history special this one is about america america has always been a country that's inspired me in countless ways but it's also important to talk about some real world scenarios now what are those scenarios you will get to know them over the course of this episode for now make sure you follow us on spotify drs is a spotify exclusive every episode is available on spotify 48 hours before it's available anywhere else in the world this is historian amity chawla who returns on the ranvier show [Music] this one's called dear america and i sincerely hope that it reaches out to all our american friends keep in


it reaches out to all our american friends keep in mind as with any episode with mr abhijit chawda we will be talking about controversial subjects subjects that will offend some people that is not our intention our intention is to correct the history that you were possibly taught in an alternative way and our intention is to put real news out there not the news that's fed to you by traditional media portals but the real news that you could get through podcasts like the joe rogan experience or lex friedman this time it's an indian podcast it's the rnv show welcome to the ranvi show abhijit chavra sir thank you ranvi thank you how was part one and two for you very interesting good talking okay it was all about the world war the cold war uh before that i think we started recording episodes since a year ago and we've done a bunch of episodes on geopolitics you're a scientist you're a historian so we've covered a range of topics today we're specifically going to


a range of topics today we're specifically going to talk about america before we get into the geopolitical details i'm going to chalk out a 32-year time period from about 1990 till 2022. uh i learned all my geopolitics from you and one of the first things you ever told me about geopolitics is that you can only truly understand geopolitics when you view things in a 20 to 30-year time frame what's happened in the last 30 years in america a whole lot has happened in america in the world first of all we had the end of the cold war the tearing down of the berlin wall the iron curtain came down communism was defeated the ussr broke up the u.s won and everything was supposed to be great even after all the world's problems were over there would be democracy and peace and love and liberalism everywhere and the world would the greatest place ever for the for forever essentially but that's not quite what happened uh we are an aggressive


not quite what happened uh we are an aggressive warlike species and we have had wars after war after war you had the gulf war uh the first gulf war in the early 90s i think it was 91 then you had a war in the balkans the the the it was part of the soviet bloc then the entire country yugoslavia disintegrated and all these small little nations came out of that it was a continuation of a very old conflict that began even before world war one so that's what happened the u.s had a major role to play in that then you had the uh second gulf war in which the damasan was finally ousted and eventually he was dispatched then you had libya and you had all kinds of other things that happened you had unipolarity for quite some time after 1991 the the world was the uniportal place there was only one superpower and then he saw the rise of china the continuing ascent of china to a major role to play in the


of china to a major role to play in the geopolitical global scenario china is not quite a superpower yet but it aspires to be one it aspires to ris to replace the us as the sole superpower in the next 20 30 years maximum okay after dial back a little bit uh to the start of this podcast and the end of the last one we spoke about the cold one broke down the geopolitical angles and the psychology behind the cold war as always it was for money and it was of power and it was for territory but it was masked as a fight between two ideologies on one side we have the capitalistic democratic usa and on the other side we have the communist russia basically eventually russia loses now this is the gimmick that we're speaking about do you think that american american officials actually believed that their ideology would sustain in the long term that's one question and two what was the need to go to war if your main rival has already been ousted if that


your main rival has already been ousted if that main rival is already crumbling and is dying why should a country go to war is it for further expansion is it to strengthen your position at the top what's the logic and the psychology of american officials in the early 90s according to you so it's all about consolidating power and accessing the most amount of resources so what was happening is that saddam hussein was an ally of the u.s he was essentially a client of the u.s the americans had this dispute this conflict with the iranians that dates back to 1979 the uh the islamic revolution in iran in which the u.s backed puppet shah of iran was ousted and islamic government came into power led by by the ayatollahs and so on and they uh took lots of americans hostage the american embassy was stormed and all that so iran became a big enemy of the us and the u.s wanted uh retribution they wanted uh they wanted to take revenge for


they wanted uh they wanted to take revenge for them they wanted to punish iran for behaving in this manner so they utilized iraq as the proxy for bleeding iran and then you had a long-standing conflict a long conflict the iran-iraq war it went on for the best part of a decade so that is why that is how they use of dharma so they give saddam hussein everything he wanted uh western support arms ammunition money most likely and they propped him up and they used him as the tool to blunt iran with now uh the war eventually ground out into a stalemate and they eventually had a ceasefire and then i i think saddam hussein started becoming too big for his boats and too big for the americans liking he wanted to he essentially what he did the americans led him to believe that they were in favor of him invading and taking over kuwait kuwait is a major small little country but a major oil producer and saddam hussein wanted to take over


oil producer and saddam hussein wanted to take over and enrich himself at their expense so the americans kind of led him led the thousand to believe that it was okay to go ahead and do this and the moment he did that they declared warning so they created this entire coalition of multi multiple parties multiple powers i believe india was also invited india refused most likely at the time india was not a major geopolitical player at the time so there was this war in 1991 i think it was in february 91 i was a kid at the time but i kind of remember that that so there was an invasion of iraq a massive shock and oh campaign i don't even know how many civilians were wiped out in that but yeah it's all right as long as the u.s does it massive aerial bombardment of of of baghdad there was bombardment in other places as well civilian targets were wiped out flattened to the ground basilar was targeted many other places were


the ground basilar was targeted many other places were targeted and the iraqi country was devastated the nation of iraq was devastated there was there was massive destruction lots of casualties saddam hussein remained remained in power and then there was the final act of the war was the highway of death in which massive convoys of iraqi military vehicles retreating from kuwait going back into iraq were just wiped out from the air massive just a massacre just a massacre all across the highway the photographs are horrible it was a plain massacre they were not trying to fight back but that's what happened but as long as you're killing the bad guy it's all right right so that's what the us did and uh they were not able to dislodge the saddam hussein that thing was done later on in 2003. do american citizens know about the truths of the nation i'm assuming most don't because they follow traditional news media just like india uh traditional news media is always


media just like india uh traditional news media is always going to be slightly biased if not completely biased i don't know how many americans are aware of the atrocities committed by the governments not them i think the average american is an extremely friendly knowledgeable person at least the ones i have met on the coasts but often the government and geopolitical agendas are not a correct representation of the people do the people know that the country has been sitting on the top and kind of orchestrating a lot of things all over the world see i've lived in the u.s on multiple locations or at least three three times and the american americans are nice people they are very nice people they are friendly uh it's a very open society they believe in democracy they believe in freedom all those things and most of them believe that their country is a force for good i'm not saying it's entirely an evil country or a force for evil but there are many questionable things and things that are not great


are many questionable things and things that are not great that the country has done i think it's now quite openly available on the public domain in social media it's available on wikipedia if you read wikipedia the number of regime changes regime change operations the us has done the number of undemocratic coups they have orchestrated i mean it's not the hallmark of a country that believes in freedom and democracy and human rights the track record of the u.s right so i think most americans are not aware of this most americans are taught a certain version of history they are taught to be patriotic which is a great which is good everybody should love their nation everybody should be patriotic but you should also know the truth about your nation and what it has it has well what its track record has been like so i i believe most americans are not quite aware of the entirety of what uh the historical record is they are taught history in a certain manner as people are across


history in a certain manner as people are across the world everybody has taught history in a certain way we in india are taught history in a very distorted manner so we have a wrong understanding of our own history and i think the same goes for the us i believe many of them still believe that christopher columbus was a great hero a conquering hero a good man which is not the case he he was the one of the first perpetrators of genocide in the americas a very evil person and the entirety of the us that's this land has been stolen stolen from the true inhabitants the native americans it's been built on the backs of the slave labor of the african-american people and so on so many of these facts have been varnished or whitewashed out of history nowadays people are beginning to become aware of this but i think there's still some way to go okay let's go back again to the early 90s uh we were speaking about the


the early 90s uh we were speaking about the gulf war what else happened in the 90s uh america was trying to strengthen its position again chase economic growth wherever it could as would any geopolitical power in my eyes i in that position yes uh do you wish to speak about bill clinton do you wish to speak about his tenure and what he did and how do you view him ah bill clinton is an interesting person so he would be best remembered for that infamous monica lewinsky episode but that's not part of that's not very interesting for me that's no big deal i would say that uh his major contribution is the the balkan war the balkan crisis that happened in the in the mid 90s the expansion of nato which actually began with george bush the senior so in 1991 or whatever it was they gave a verbal assurance to the ussr that if you agree to the reunification of germany we will we give you an assurance that nato will


will we give you an assurance that nato will not expand one inch eastward from wherever the lines were and by the mid 90s that was that agreement was breached obviously it was a verbal agreement it was not signed and that's the that's the excuse they found that we don't have a formal agreement it was just a verbal promise and verbal prison promises are meant to be broken so that's the kind of approach they had nato started expanding eastwards into the former soviet block territories that began the the initial phase of that was under george bush the senior it continued under the presidency of uh bill clinton then there was this entire conflict in the balkan region the former yugoslavia the bombing of various of the the the ancient enmity between these various ethnic groups it all came out burst out into the open the serbs the croats the atrocities that happened in world war ii world war one the neo-nazi elements within that then the religious angle between


neo-nazi elements within that then the religious angle between the bosniaks who were muslims and the croats and the serbs who are christian it's a mess the balkans are a mess the problems that they should have resolved in world war one and two still exist those wounds are still open and the americans went ahead and kind of reopened the wounds they took sides they bombed civilians lots of atrocities happened there it's all available in the public domain it's known to it's known it's it's a fact the american army took part the nato took part so you don't say the americans did it you said nato did it but who owns nato it's the u.s so you had dutch air force pilots who were bombing civilians on behalf of nato that sort of thing so that gives you kind of plausible deniability but it is it is we took a decision as a consensus you know there is no leadership by consensus if you know leadership leadership is about


by consensus if you know leadership leadership is about one person it's about the biggest fish in the pond that decides what's to be done but in order to spread responsibility you say it's nato that has decided this and nato is a coalition of a number of countries or the whole of western europe so you can say that it was if there is guilt it is collective building collective responsibility so human rights violations happen though we deplore that it's unfortunate but you know no one person is responsible for that that sort of approach you know it's always been that way uh dialing back a little bit this concept of precedence firstly i don't think one human being can rule an entire country that is definitely not the case no it's not um let's kind of burst that precedent bubble for non-americans who don't understand it too well or americans who believe a little bit too much in it what's the actual standpoint that you have as a geopolitical observer on this whole


you have as a geopolitical observer on this whole one precedent system why isn't there a group of people running america instead of just one president or the alternative question is is there a secret group actually running america and is the president just one of those people is he just the face of it you know sometimes life imitates fiction sometimes fiction imitates life there is this very interesting book that i read a long time ago maybe two decades ago it's called the hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy it's by douglas adams one of the most celebrated science fiction comedies of all time in this story in this fictional universe there is a character called zafud biebel brox who is the president of the galaxy the galactic president his job as president is to divert attention from where the real power lies with his antics so i know it's fiction but there is always a grain of truth in a fictional story so i am not putting forth any conspiracy theory but power is a mysterious


forth any conspiracy theory but power is a mysterious substance it's not always what it appears to be there is this book called the dictator's handbook read that that actually goes to the root of what power is power is never about one single person you may have a single person who is the figurehead the dictator saddam hussein's joseph stalin mao satong but that person can never be in power unless there is a group of people around him or her who are the trusted inner circle the rule of power the first rule of power is that the indispensable people whom you need to rule the country keep that group as small as possible and you need a larger pool of people who are the expendable dispensable minions but who on whose loyalty you can count make that group as large as possible so one group says you to minimize the other group size you to maximize and that's typically how power works now when it comes to the us we say that the us president is the leader of the


say that the us president is the leader of the free world the most powerful man in the world thus far it's been a man well we currently have mr joe biden how powerful does he appear to be does he even appear to be conscious fully conscious in in full control of his faculties it does not appear to be the case and his deputy the lady what's her name kamala madam kamala harris she doesn't have to appear to have any leadership qualities at all so then the question is who's truly ruling the country because the country is being ruled it's being administered it's been run governed whatever who is who's really doing that so in the u.s there is it's no longer quite a conspiracy theory the concept of the deep state there is an unelected core body of unlike unelected officials or whatever it is who are part of the government they call it the deep state whether it's it's a pentagon or whatever these people come to office they are inducted in this


people come to office they are inducted in this organization the pentagon or whatever whatever the core of of this governance system is and they are there for life they're there for life they're not elected by anyone how do they reach that i think there's a whole uh vetting process and various criteria for example if you want to be an fbi agent thousands of people apply but only one out of a few thousand ever gets inside the same thing was there with the kgb it was an elite organization the kgb and similarly for the deep state the the pentagon et cetera the cia fbi you would have a very strict rigorous vetting process and only if you fulfill very stringent criteria you know your aptitude your uh all of those things then you would be inducted into that and once you're in you're in after you have proven yourself up to a certain extent there may be a probation period on all that but once you're part of the inner circle you're in and you nobody can


the inner circle you're in and you nobody can dismiss you you're not elected and you essentially are in some cases maybe accountable to no one may be only accountable to your inner circle and all that so there seems to be a deep state in the u.s i think uh people have been noticing that and pointing this out since the 1960s since the days of the assassination of john f kennedy right there was 1966 was it when he was assassinated yeah that was the same year allah was also mysteriously found dead it was a strange year so from that time itself and there are various books about this uh the devil's chessboard uh that's one that comes to mind there's plenty of literature about this so for instance in the john f kennedy assassination the official version is that the president of the us in dallas was shot by a single lone gunman from behind that's the official version that has that is put out even today now the video the film of the


out even today now the video the film of the assassination the the actual recording is available it's even there on youtube they say that he was shot from behind from from up there on a building if you see the film the film of the assassination you will find that when the motorcade comes into view he's already clutching his throat like some things hit him here and then there is the kill shot which is something i would not recommend anybody should watch it's it's terrible his head explodes in a cloud of blood and brain and the impact of the bullet is from the front it his head whiplashes backwards like this so clearly he was not shot from behind clearly i mean it's there for everybody to see so they have been hiding the truth about the assassination of their own president and what god knows what else they've been hiding why did they want to kill him now these are conspiracy theories i don't have the answer but people have various theories one theory is that uh


people have various theories one theory is that uh it is his own government deep state that had him killed off for whatever reason maybe he was getting too powerful maybe he was too close to the mafia maybe it was nepotism that they didn't want or maybe he was too much in favor of peace and not in favor of military expansionism there are lots of theories because there's money in military expansionism the military-industrial complex is what rules the u.s that's another component of the deep state the military-industrial complex the one of the biggest industries in the us apart from pharma is the military complex yeah and they sell weapons to the to the entire world the saudis are one of the biggest clients which is why saudi arabia is a client state of the us okay so there's a whole lot of murkiness going on here so john f kennedy was in favor of peace he was not in favor of military expansionism so for instance the cia had the african nationalist


so for instance the cia had the african nationalist leader patrice lumumba assassinated he was deposed in a military coup and then he was executed very unfortunately this was done without the knowledge of john f kennedy the invasion of cuba the bay of pig's invasion was done without the approval of john f kennedy because the u.s wanted to invade cuba and get rid of fidel fidel castro the invasion failed because kennedy did not provide the necessary uh military backup after the invasion was launched without his permission so there were these tensions between the deep state and john f kennedy and some people said that is why the american deep state had john f kennedy assassinated there is no evidence clear evidence for this it's just speculation theory some would call it a conspiracy theory but hey is anybody able to prove this wrong not quite you can't prove this right you can't prove this wrong so that's where we are in limbo so that is what we mean about by the deep


so that is what we mean about by the deep state there is something deep down there which actually runs the country perhaps and that's where the power really may lie some people even talk about what you call the illuminati that there is a much deeper and much older network of very influential people that dates back to the east india communities all of this incredible amount of wealth that was taken from india the wealth that tipu sultan had stolen from the natives of india that was taken over by the british he was a very wealthy man tipo sultan he had stolen all the wealth from the various temples they destroyed in southern india mysore region and all that wealth disappeared who took it somebody took it so much of this ancient wealth from india people some people claim is now in the hands of certain very old wealthy families that never reveal themselves and maybe that's what we call the illuminati and these people may be distributed across europe and the americas because the most


across europe and the americas because the most powerful people don't recognize any boundaries or borders that's only for common small people like us right and they also say the actual richest people in the world aren't on the world's rich lists no of course they won't be on the rich list those are the chota motel the small the small fry the small fish the ones who are on the rich list and the ones who are in the rich list the top top two person they aspire to move to the next level to achieve nirvana and go to the higher plane of existence i'm on the true rich so that's what people claim you know these are the conspiracy theories out there okay let's do you wish to talk a little bit more about bill clinton or do you wish to talk about george w bush well george w bush has been one of the most uh entertaining presidents of the u.s bill clinton was the uh well the red-blooded democrat but george w bush was the


red-blooded democrat but george w bush was the gaff pawn prone president really funny guy unintentionally so yeah it all he came to power after george w bush uh which year was it 99 2000 and it was a very very very narrow election victory against uh al gore it went on it went down to the wire but eventually george george w bush junior uh came to power and uh well he spent the first few months playing golf and doing whatever and then 9 11 happened and then 9 11 happened uh those planes flew themselves apparently into the world trade tower of world trade center towers terrible night i remember it very vividly because i i kind of saw it almost live almost live the second one the second plane so yeah so that happened and so that's when george w bush had to man up become the president finally and he said that we're going to smoke them out you're either with us or against us he launched an invasion of


us or against us he launched an invasion of afghanistan first and pakistan was the linchpin behind that invasion it all went through pakistan yeah and i gotta stop this conversation for just a bit um have you seen the netflix documentary on 911 so it's called turning point 911 very heavy watch where they have actual uh witness accounts etc etc um makes you really understand the gravity of how intense that terrorist attack was oh yeah uh we had a pretty intense terrorist attack back in 2008 in india yes or the 26 11 attack um this was also very brutal in its own way in saying that and you know i'm i'm trying to say this in the most empathetically aware uh state of mind there are conspiracy theories spoken about all over the world that possibly even this was an orchestrated attack to be able to fuel or hasten up the next big geopolitical move and i know this is a very controversial statement and i say this with deep uh empathy as well as


say this with deep uh empathy as well as sensitivity to the situation uh but i would also like to have a bit of a commentary on this angle um do you have anything to say so yes so many people they would be termed conspiracy theorists they have alleged that maybe this was an inside job some people claim some people have claimed i've seen this in various documentaries at some point in time that uh it there were [Music] you know those demolition charges were placed in the building and when it came down it was like a controlled divination demolition number it did not come down at an angle it came down like as if it was a controlled demolition that's what they have alleged some people said there was another building right next to the world trade center towers that also came down mysteriously for no reason whatsoever then they say that the when the pentagon was hit where is the evidence of the plane you don't see a single engine you do you don't see any superstructure of


engine you do you don't see any superstructure of the tail or whatever any wings you just see a destroyed building when it comes to the other flight that went down in a field you don't see any trace of an aircraft when an aircraft crashes for for whatever reason you see traces of aircraft parts engines typically wings windows you would see luggage you would see bodies of people there was nothing there so these are some claims people have made and from the photographs it looks like they are accurate claims so the question truly is what really happened now i am not one of those people who claim that this is true because i don't have sufficient evidence to prove it this way or that way so i think one would have to stick with the official theory or the official claim is that the planes there were four planes two were the world trade center towers one at the pentagon and one went down in the field because the people uh wrestled the pilots down and they made the plane crash so


pilots down and they made the plane crash so yeah there is a lot of ambiguity the pentagon doesn't show any images the photographs of the pentagon don't show any evidence of a plane there there's even a video you know a static camera video uh closed circuit tv camera or whatever which captured the moment of impact you just see a big orange explosion you don't see any plane there so that's kind of very very perplexing again in the field there's no plane debris there's just a big hole in the ground which is burned up so kind of makes you wonder what it is but there's not sufficient evidence to prove that something else happened but yeah some people claim it's an inside job and who knows i have to ask you about afghanistan iraq and even syria do you think that there's anything that ties these three countries together ooh dangerous question your news media is not going to tell you these things well iraq was about the unfinished business of world of the first world


about the unfinished business of world of the first world war iraq is an oil-rich place so is kuwait now kuwait was liberated in 1991 922 their robots iraq was still under saddam hussein so the son wanted to finish what his father could not finish george w bush george it's like a family thing it looks like it was a family thing so george bush the junior wanted to finish what his dad could not finish his dad defeated the iraqis but he could not oust saddam hussein so 2003 was the new invasion and eventually saddam was captured the next year and he was executed the year after that and the americans got full control of iraq they brought democracy into the country they bombed democracy into the people and they exploited all the oil riches and all that yeah i don't think the atrocities of the iraq war are spoken about by american news media i remember as a kid my grandparents would watch a lot of cnn and bbc and it was a


a lot of cnn and bbc and it was a very unilateral narrative war on terror war on terrorism saddam this terrorist here it would always portray uh the opponent in a very negative light and even as a kid has to question the nature of war that no human being can be completely evil or completely good there's got to be grey on both sides i want to ask you about the grey on the side of iraq on the side of afghanistan and on the side of syria and in fact i want to ask you about the grey or the good on the side of all these countries that were supposedly ruled by dictators like libya like egypt all these dictatorial stories that we hear in the recent past what's the truth america has been involved directly indirectly with all these countries let's let's give our american viewers some sort of an objective neutral narrative so when it comes to dictatorships there is political stability as long as the dictator is in power properly in power


as the dictator is in power properly in power it's got a iron iron grip on the country that can go on for decades if you have the right person in power and that is great if you want a client state if you have a country that's rich in resources let's say full of oil then you would want a monarchy to be there a dynasty so even when the dad dies his son will come to power and continue the same policies or you may want to have a dictator like a hussein or muammar gaddafi or whoever else or or what's his name um in egypt for instance so such people are great if you want that country as a client state that gives you long-term political stability democracy is messy you never know what's going to happen in the next election cycle somebody may come to power who's against you in that case you cannot continue the same relationship you had with them earlier that's why the u.s has always invested in tyrants and uh henry kissinger


invested in tyrants and uh henry kissinger the former secretary of state during nixon's time infamously said that he may be a son of a referring to somebody but he's arsenal he's our son of a that's why we must support him we must never say anything bad about him i don't remember whom he was referring to but clearly one of those in part dictators that the u.s props up from time to time uh chile is another example argentina is another example dictators everywhere and the u.s it's good for the u.s if you have dictators like that so they talk about democracy and they preach democracy but they prop up dictators that's been their track record over the past 50 60 years it's like having a goon if you're the godfather yeah going to do your job goon to give you the extortion money that he's taken off of his country people so typically what you do is you install a dictator in power you give them certain wonderful perks and benefits that


give them certain wonderful perks and benefits that as a human as an individual you would treasure but in exchange for that they have to sell their soul they have to sell their country's resources to the us that's what happened in iraq that's what happened in the case of egypt it was the suez canal which was vitally important as a geopolitical choke point and various other places in africa some places you had uranium like patrice lubumba was killed off and some other dictator was put in place for uranium uh in other places it's diamond some places it's gold it's always resources it's always control and that's what goes on that's a play i gotta speak to the scientist in you here um you're someone who does study our planet as well have we kind of maxed out our search for resources or do you think there's still a lot of resources to be found i think there is still a lot more to be found for instance we are in the age of electric


found for instance we are in the age of electric vehicles and every single battery that you have in your cell phone in your electric car electric vehicle or whatever it's a lithium ion battery correct now lithium is something that's quite abundantly available but it's very messy to extract out of the earth so it causes a lot of environmental damage now there's a new technology coming up it's called sodium ion batteries sodium is also plenty of plentifully available but you don't need to mine it you just go to the sea and pull it out of the sea salt sodium chloride so there's new technology always coming up and there's more to extract there's so many more resources in the planet that we are not aware of yet there are still to be found so there is a lot more exploitation that's going to happen there could be lots of major oil and gas reserves that we in india have not discovered yet it's very much possible so there's a whole lot that still is going to happen okay