[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric dispenser for cylindrical objects, and it needs to be configurable for different sizes and object types (like nuts). I've got a basic idea of what I want, but I need some help with the OpenSCAD code.

Here's what I'm thinking:

The dispenser will have two main parts: a hopper (where the objects are stored) and a tray (where they're dispensed from). Both parts will be rectangular-ish in shape, with the cylinders arranged along the length dimension. I need to be able to specify:

*   **`obj_len`:** The length of the cylindrical object (or the desired width of the dispenser for non-cylindrical items).
*   **`obj_dia`:** The diameter of each cylindrical object (or the size of the small objects).
*   **`hopper_height`:** The number of cylinders tall the hopper should be.
*   **`hopper_depth`:** The number of cylinders deep the hopper should be.
*   **`num_tray`:** The number of cylinders deep the tray should be.
*   **`obj_dia_margin_percentage`:** A percentage representing the extra space around each cylinder in the Y and Z axes. This should be used to calculate a margin around the cylinder.
*   **`obj_len_margin_percentage`:** A percentage representing the extra space around each cylinder in the X axis (length direction). This too should be converted to a margin.
*  **`wall_thickness`:** The thickness of the walls.
*   **`hopper_gap_percentage`:** The percentage of the hopper's front that should be open, for allowing cylindrical objects to roll out more easily. Set to zero if I'm storing little non-cylindrical items.
*  **`dip_type`:** How the tray's front opening is shaped, either "front_round", "front_square", or "front_square+bottom_round".
*   **`dip_gap_percentage`:**  The percentage of the tray's front opening that should have a rounded/square gap cut out, to allow for easy picking or dispensing of cylinders. If storing little objects, this should be zero.

The dispenser's internals should be created with these variables.

The `tray` module should:
* Create a rectangular cube with the given margins and `wall_thickness`.
* Subtract a cube from the interior so that the objects are held by walls and the tray base.
* Subtract the front "dip", as determined by the `dip_type` and `dip_gap_percentage` parameters.

The `hopper` module should:
* Create a rectangular cube with the given margins and `wall_thickness`.
* Subtract a cube from the interior of this main region to act as the storage area, using `wall_thickness`.
* Subtract a slot from the bottom where objects can fall down into the tray.
* Cut a gap out of the middle of the front face (as determined by `hopper_gap_percentage`).
* Ensure the back of the hopper's bottom edge is rounded.

It'd also be great if you could generate some placeholder cylinders at the right positions to visualize how the real cylinders will fit in the hopper and tray. These should be rendered in a semi-transparent color and should not be part of the final output model, like in the original code.

I’m not looking to use any libraries for this, so please generate all of the required `.scad` files.

[Assistant]
dispenser.scad:
```
// What is the length of the cylindrical object being stored OR what is the width you want the dispenser of little thingies to be (mm)?
obj_len = 44.5;

// What is the diameter of each cylindrical object OR what is the size of the little thingies (mm)?
obj_dia = 10.5;

// How many cylinders/thingies tall should the hopper be? The hopper can hold about depth*height cylinders.
hopper_height = 3; // [2:50]

// How many cylinders/thingies deep should the hopper be?
hopper_depth = 1; // [1:15]

// How many cylinders/thingies deep should the tray be?
num_tray = 1; // [1:15]

// How much extra margin do you want around the cylinders/thingies in the Y/Z axes?
obj_dia_margin_percentage = 30; // [0:100]
obj_dia_margin = obj_dia_margin_percentage/100;

// How much extra margin do you want around the cylinders/thingies in the X axis?
obj_len_margin_percentage = 10; // [0:100]
obj_len_margin = obj_len_margin_percentage/100;

// Thickness of the walls, increase for more strength but requiring more material (mm).
wall_thickness = 1.2;

// What percentage of the hopper front should be open? Set to zero if storing little thingies instead of cylinders.
hopper_gap_percentage = 40; // [0:100]
hopper_gap_fraction = hopper_gap_percentage/100;

dip_type = "front_square+bottom_round"; // [front_round,front_square,front_square+bottom_round]

// What percentage of the tray front should have a rounded gap cut out of it? Set to zero if storing little thingies instead of cylinders.
dip_gap_percentage = 70; // [0:100]
dip_gap_fraction = dip_gap_percentage/100;

// dimensions of the empty space (not including walls)
space_w        = obj_len*(1             + obj_len_margin);
space_d_hopper = obj_dia*(hopper_depth  + obj_dia_margin);
space_d_tray   = obj_dia*(num_tray      + obj_dia_margin + 0.5);
space_h_hopper = obj_dia*(hopper_height + obj_dia_margin);
space_h_tray   = obj_dia*(1             + obj_dia_margin);

// make the tray
tray([space_w,space_d_tray,space_h_tray],wall_thickness,dip_gap_fraction);

// make the hopper
translate([0,space_d_tray,0]) hopper([space_w,space_d_hopper,space_h_hopper],wall_thickness,hopper_gap_fraction,space_h_tray);

// render virtual tray cylinders for display purposes
for (i = [0:num_tray-1]) {
    %translate([obj_len*obj_len_margin/2,(obj_dia+obj_dia_margin)*(0.5+i+0.25),(obj_dia+obj_dia_margin)/2])
        rotate([0,90,0])
        cylinder(d=obj_dia,h=obj_len);
}

// render virtual hopper cylinders for display purposes
translate([0,space_d_tray,0]) {
    for (i = [0:hopper_height-1], j = [0:hopper_depth-1]) {
        %translate([obj_len*obj_len_margin/2,(obj_dia+obj_dia_margin)*(0.5+j),(obj_dia+obj_dia_margin)*(0.5+i)])
            rotate([0,90,0])
            cylinder(d=obj_dia,h=obj_len);
    }
}

module tray(size,wall_thickness,dip_gap_fraction) {
    difference() {
        translate([-1,-1,-1]*wall_thickness)
            cube(size + [2,2,2]*wall_thickness);
        cube(size + [0,wall_thickness*2,wall_thickness*2]);
        if (dip_gap_fraction) {
            if (dip_type=="front_round") {
                translate([size[0]/2,wall_thickness/2,size[2]])
                    rotate([90,0,0])
                    resize([size[0]*dip_gap_fraction, size[2]*2, wall_thickness*2])
                    cylinder(h=10,d=10);
                translate([size[0]*(1-dip_gap_fraction)/2,-1.5*wall_thickness,size[2]])
                    cube([size[0]*dip_gap_fraction,wall_thickness*2,wall_thickness*2]);
            } else if (dip_type=="front_square") {
                translate([size[0]*(1-dip_gap_fraction)/2,-1.5*wall_thickness,0])
                    cube([size[0]*dip_gap_fraction,wall_thickness*2,(size[2])+wall_thickness*2]);
            } else if (dip_type=="front_square+bottom_round") {
                translate([size[0]*(1-dip_gap_fraction)/2,-1.5*wall_thickness,0])
                    cube([size[0]*dip_gap_fraction,wall_thickness*2,(size[2])+wall_thickness*2]);
                translate([size[0]/2,-wall_thickness,-wall_thickness*1.5])
                    resize([size[0]*dip_gap_fraction, size[2]*2, wall_thickness*2])
                    cylinder(h=10,d=10);
            }
        }
    }
}

module hopper(size,wall_thickness,hopper_gap_fraction,tray_gap) {
    difference() {
        translate([-1,-1,-1]*wall_thickness)
            cube(size + [2,2,2]*wall_thickness);
        cube(size + [0,0,wall_thickness*2]); // main cavity plus open top
        translate([0,-wall_thickness*2,0])
            cube([size[0], size[1]+wall_thickness*2,tray_gap]); // bottom slot
        translate([size[0]*(1-hopper_gap_fraction)/2,-wall_thickness*2,0])
            cube(
                [size[0]*hopper_gap_fraction,size[1],size[2]] +
                [0,wall_thickness*2,wall_thickness*2]
            ); // gap in the middle
    }
    // curved back bottom edge
    difference() {
        translate([0,size[1]-tray_gap/2,0]) cube([size[0],tray_gap/2,tray_gap/2]); // cube filling the back region
        translate([0,size[1]-tray_gap/2,tray_gap/2]) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(d=tray_gap,h=size[0]); // neg. cylinder carving the curve out
    }

}
```


[User]
Hey, so I'm looking to get some custom insole designs made, and I'd like to do it parametrically using OpenSCAD. I found this old design online, "Parametric_Insole_V1.0.scad", and it's got a lot of the functionality I'm after, but I need something more flexible and easier to modify. I am trying to design orthotic insoles that can be fabricated using common FDM 3D printers.

Basically, I need a way to define the insole shape based on a few key measurements, then have it generate a printable model. I'd like to have a couple of different versions - a full insole, an upper part, and a lower part, for different use cases.

Here are the core parameters I think I need:

*   **Length:** Overall insole length.
*   **Heel_Radius:** Radius of the heel curve.
*   **Toe_Radius:** Radius of the toe curve.
*   **Inside_Width:** Width at the instep on the inside of the foot.
*   **Inside_Length:** Length to the instep on the inside of the foot.
*   **Outside_Width:** Width at the instep on the outside of the foot.
*   **Outside_Length:** Length to the instep on the outside of the foot.
*   **Instep_Offset:** How far the instep protrudes inward, relative to the insole's center.
*   **Foot:**  Whether it's a "Left" or "Right" insole.
*   **STL_Type:**  Should output "Joined", "Upper", or "Lower" for various use cases.
*   **Lattice:** An option to turn on or off a lattice structure on the insole.
*   **Number_of_Hinge_Lines:** Defines the number of hinge lines.
*   **Thickness:**  The total thickness of the insole.
*   **Rigid_Layer_Thickness:** Thickness of the rigid layer (for dual material prints).
*   **Chamfer_Width:**  Width of the chamfer around the edge.

I'm looking to incorporate some features from the old design like the tangential arc calculations and circle intersection calcs, as well as the basic shape creation. I really want to nail down the ability to create that smooth, custom insole profile, and the way that the old design used `hull()` is a good basis for that.

Also, I'd like to be able to specify the joint lines parametrically, and have the grid pattern be customisable too. The old design used a function called `tangentialCircleRadius()` that I'd like to preserve, as well as `dotProduct()`, `mag()`, `circleCircleIntersection()`, and some support functions `ccid()`, `ccil()`, and `ccih()`. I'd like to be able to set the parameters using the OpenSCAD customizer interface.

It would be good to have these features in a well-organized way, maybe using modules for the different parts and a main module for the overall insole. The code should be easy to understand and modify.

I don't have any specific libraries that I need to use, so please assume we're just sticking to standard OpenSCAD functionality.

Can you help me create the SCAD file or files for this?

[Assistant]
Parametric_Insole_V1.0.scad:
```
// Flexy-Form Insole v1.0 by Gyrobot
// http://www.gyrobot.co.uk
//
// Thanks to Swindon Hackspace member "Axford" http://axrap.blogspot.co.uk/
//
// preview[view:east, tilt:top]
// User Parameters

Length = 260 ;              // See Drawing
Heel_Radius = 35 ;          // See Drawing
Toe_Radius = 35 ;           // See Drawing
Inside_Width = 40;          // See Drawing
Inside_Length = 190;        // See Drawing
Outside_Width = 55;         // See Drawing
Outside_Length = 165;       // See Drawing
Instep_Offset = 25;         // See Drawing
Foot = "Right" ;            // [Left, Right]
STL_Type = "Joined" ;       // [Joined, Upper, Lower]
Lattice = "On" ;            // [On, Off]
Number_of_Hinge_Lines = 3;  // Number of breaks in the rigid layers
Thickness = 5;              // Overall thickness of the insole
Rigid_Layer_Thickness = 2.5;// thickness of rigid thermoformable layer
Chamfer_Width = 7;          // determines the slope round the edges

// Start of Code

module sector2D(r, a, center = true) {
    intersection() {
            circle(r = r, center = true);
                polygon(points = [
                    [0, 0],
                    [2 * r * cos(0),  2 * r * sin(0)],
                    [2 * r * cos(a * 0.2),  2 * r * sin(a * 0.2)],
                    [2 * r * cos(a * 0.4),  2 * r * sin(a * 0.4)],
                    [2 * r * cos(a * 0.6),  2 * r * sin(a * 0.6)],
                    [2 * r * cos(a * 0.8),  2 * r * sin(a * 0.8)],
                    [2 * r * cos(a), 2 * r * sin(a)],
                ]);
        }
}

// pass u and v as vectors
function dotProduct(u,v) = u[0]*v[0] + u[1]*v[1];
function mag(u) = sqrt(pow(u[0],2) + pow(u[1],2));

// calculate the radius of a circle that is tangential to a circle at the origin or radius r, with a center offset by x,y
function tangentialCircleRadius(r,x,y) = ( pow(y,2) + pow(r,2) +pow(x,2) - 2*r*x ) / ( 2*x - 2*r) + r;

// calculate the intersection of two circles, returns a vector - support functions for intermediate calcs
function ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2) = mag([x1-x2, y1-y2]);
function ccil(r1,r2,d) = (pow(r1,2) - pow(r2,2) + pow(d,2)) / (2*d);
//function ccih(r1, l) = sqrt(pow(r1,2) - pow(l,2));
function ccih(r1, l) = 0;

function circleCircleIntersection(x1,y1,r1, x2,y2,r2) = [
    (ccil(r1,r2,ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2)) / ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2)) * (x2-x1) + (ccih(r1, ccil(r1,r2,ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2))) / ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2))*(y2-y1) + x1,
    (ccil(r1,r2,ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2)) / ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2)) * (y2-y1) + (ccih(r1, ccil(r1,r2,ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2))) / ccid(x1,y1,x2,y2))*(x2-x1) + y1
];

module pocket(w,r) {
    // pill shape, centred on the origin
    hull() {
        translate([w/2,0,0])
            circle(r);
        translate([-w/2,0,0])
            circle(r);
    }
}

// i,j are number of repetitions
// x,y are spacing
// pass child profile to be laid out
// always starts from origin and expands along x+, y+
module grid(i,j,x,y, stagger=false) {
    for (a=[0:i-1], b=[0:j-1])
        translate([a*(stagger ? x/2 : x), b*y + ((stagger && (a % 2 == 0)) ? y/2 : 0), 0])
        children();
}

module Profile (l, hr, tr, iw, il, ow, ol, io) {

    // calculate radii for inside/outside arcs that contact the toe
    ir = tangentialCircleRadius(tr, iw, l-il-tr);
    or = tangentialCircleRadius(tr, ow, l-ol-tr);

    // calculate the intersection points for associated arcs
    // first for the inside arc, first circle is the toe, second circle is the inside arc
    ii = circleCircleIntersection(0, l-tr, tr, -ir+iw, il, ir);
    xi = ii[0];
    yi = ii[1];

    // debug the intersection point
    *translate([xi,yi,1])
        circle(1);

    u1 = [xi- (-ir+iw), yi- il];
    v1 = [ u1[0], -u1[1]];
    ia2 = acos(dotProduct(u1,v1) / (mag(u1) * mag(v1)));   // angle of segment
    ia1 = atan2(yi - il, xi - (-ir+iw)) - ia2;  // angle from x-axis, CCW when viewed down Z

    // do the same for the outside arc
    ci = circleCircleIntersection(0, l-tr, tr, or-ow, ol, or);
    xo = ci[0];
    yo = ci[1];

    // debug the intersection point
    *translate([xo,yo,1])
        circle(1);

    u2 = [xo- (or-iw), yo- ol];
    v2 = [ u2[0], -u2[1]];
    oa2 = acos(dotProduct(u2,v2) / (mag(u2) * mag(v2)));   // angle of segment
    oa1 = atan2(yo - ol, xo - (or-ow));  // angle from x-axis, CCW when viewed down Z

    difference () {

        union() {

            // toe and ball of foot
            hull (){
                //Toe
                translate ([0,l-tr,0])
                     circle (tr);

                // inside
                difference() {
                    translate ([-ir+iw,il,0])
                        rotate([0,0,ia1])
                        sector2D(ir, ia2, $fn=100);

                    translate([-ir,il-ir,0])
                         square([ir, 2*ir]);
                }
                // outside
                difference() {
                    translate ([or-ow,ol,0])
                        rotate([0,0,oa1])
                        sector2D(or, oa2, $fn=100);

                    translate([0,ol-or,0])
                        square([or, 2*or]);
                }
                //Heel
                translate ([0,hr,0])
                    circle (hr, $fn=32);
            }
        }
        // cut away inside arc
        //
        // two tangency arcs solutions exist for each set of inputs, need to reject +h value and keep -h solution (hopefully)
        //
        // r3     = radius of bi-tangent arc
        // alt_r3 = alternate solution for r3
        // h      = height offset in y from bi-tangency arc centre point to centre of Heel_Radius
        // alt_h  = alternate solution for h
        //
        delx = ir-iw;
        dely = -il+hr;

        h = (dely*(hr - io) + sqrt(-(hr - io)*(delx + io - ir)*(pow(delx,2) + pow(dely,2) - pow(hr,2) + 2*hr*ir - pow(ir,2))))/(delx + hr - ir);

        r3 = (dely*(dely*(hr - io) + sqrt(-(hr - io)*(delx + io - ir)*(pow(delx,2) + pow(dely,2) - pow(hr,2) + 2*hr*ir - pow(ir,2)))) - (delx + hr - ir)*(pow(delx,2) + 2*delx*io + pow(dely,2) + pow(hr,2) - pow(ir,2))/2)/pow((delx + hr - ir),2);

        alt_h = (dely*(hr - io)*(delx + hr - ir) + sqrt(-(hr - io)*(delx + io - ir)*(pow(delx,2) + pow(dely,2) - pow(hr,2) + 2*hr*ir - pow(ir,2)))*(-delx - hr + ir))/pow((delx + hr - ir),2);

        alt_r3 = (dely*(dely*(hr - io)*(delx + hr - ir) + sqrt(-(hr - io)*(delx + io - ir)*(pow(delx,2) + pow(dely,2) - pow(hr,2) + 2*hr*ir - pow(ir,2)))*(-delx - hr + ir)) + pow((delx + hr - ir),2)*(pow(-delx,2) - 2*delx*io - pow(dely,2) - pow(hr,2) + pow(ir,2))/2)/pow((delx + hr - ir),3);

        //
        // solution [1]
        //
        translate ([r3+io,-h+hr,0])
        circle(r3,$fn=100);
        //
        // solution [2]
        //
*       translate ([alt_r3+io,-alt_h+hr,0])
*       circle(alt_r3,$fn=100);
        //
        // cut away outside arc
        //
        // calculate outstep radii (otr) for outstep arc that contacts the heel
        otr = (pow(or,2) - pow(hr - ol,2) - pow(hr + or - ow,2))/(2*(hr - ow));
        translate ([-otr-hr,hr,0])
        circle(otr,$fn=100);

        union() {
            // inside upper tangency tidy up
            difference(){
                polygon(points=[[iw-ir,il],[r3+io,-h+hr],[r3+io,l],[iw-ir,l]]);
                translate ([-ir+iw,il,0])
                circle(ir,$fn=100);
                translate ([r3+io,-h+hr,0])
                circle(r3,$fn=100);
            }
        }
        union() {
            // inside lower tangency tidy up
            difference(){
                polygon(points=[[0,0],[0,hr],[r3+io,-h+hr],[r3+io,0]]);
                translate ([0,hr,0])
                circle(hr,$fn=100);
                translate ([r3+io,-h+hr,0])
                circle(r3,$fn=100);
            }
        }
        union() {
            // outside upper tangency tidy up
            difference(){
                polygon(points=[[or-ow,ol],[-otr-hr,hr],[-otr-hr,l],[or-ow,l]]);
                translate ([or-ow,ol,0])
                circle(or,$fn=100);
                translate ([-otr-hr,hr,0])
                circle(otr,$fn=100);
            }
        }
    }
};

module bevel_extrude(height=20, length=5, width=100, cw=5)
{
    xscale = (width-(2*cw))/width;
    yscale = (length-(2*cw))/length;
    translate ([0,length/2,0])
		linear_extrude(height=height, convexity=5, scale=[xscale,yscale])
        translate ([0,-length/2,0])
		children();
}

// to be differenced away from the insole to produce a joint line
module joint(w=4, t=5, rlt=2.5, num_hl=3) {
    minhinge_dist = -5*(num_hl-1);
    maxhinge_dist = 5*(num_hl-1);
    translate([0,0,t-rlt])
        for (yoff=[minhinge_dist:10:maxhinge_dist]){
            linear_extrude(t+rlt)
            hull() {
                translate([Inside_Width, Inside_Length+yoff, 0])
                    circle(w/2);

                translate([-Outside_Width, Outside_Length+yoff, 0])
                    circle(w/2);
            }
        }
}

// to be differenced away from the insole
module gridPattern(gs, t, rlt, num_hl) {

    intersection() {
        // grid
        translate([-Outside_Width, -20, t-rlt])
            grid(2*round((Outside_Width + Inside_Width)/gs), round(Length/gs)+2, gs, gs, true)
            linear_extrude(t+rlt) {
                pocket(6,0.5);

                translate([0, gs/2, 0])
                    rotate([0,0,90])
                    pocket(6,0.5);
            }

        // inset sole, less joint
        difference() {
                bevel_extrude(height=t+0.3, length=Length, width=Inside_Width+Outside_Width, cw=Chamfer_Width, $fn=20)
                offset(delta = -3, join_type = "round")
                Profile (Length, Heel_Radius, Toe_Radius, Inside_Width, Inside_Length, Outside_Width, Outside_Length, Instep_Offset);
                joint(w=2 + 4, t=t, rlt=rlt, num_hl=num_hl);
        }

    }

}

module Shoe() {
    t = Thickness;
    rlt = Rigid_Layer_Thickness;
    num_hl = Number_of_Hinge_Lines;
    inset = Chamfer_Width;
    gs = 14;  // grid spacing

    if (STL_Type=="Joined")
        difference() {
            bevel_extrude(height=t, length=Length, width=Inside_Width+Outside_Width, cw=Chamfer_Width, $fn=20)
                Profile (Length, Heel_Radius, Toe_Radius, Inside_Width, Inside_Length, Outside_Width, Outside_Length, Instep_Offset);

            // joint line
            joint(2, t, rlt, num_hl);

            // grid
            if (Lattice == "On") gridPattern(gs, t, rlt, num_hl);
        }
    if (STL_Type=="Upper")
        difference() {
            bevel_extrude(height=t, length=Length,width=Inside_Width+Outside_Width, cw=Chamfer_Width, $fn=20)
                Profile (Length, Heel_Radius, Toe_Radius, Inside_Width, Inside_Length, Outside_Width, Outside_Length, Instep_Offset);

            // joint line
            joint(2, t, rlt+0.2, num_hl);

            // grid
            if (Lattice == "On")
                translate ([0,0,-0.2])
                gridPattern(gs, t, rlt, num_hl);

            // Remove Lower
            translate ([-Outside_Width-5,-5,-5])
            cube([Outside_Width+Inside_Width+10,Length+10,Rigid_Layer_Thickness+5]);
        }
    if (STL_Type=="Lower")
        difference() {
            bevel_extrude(height=t, length=Length,width=Inside_Width+Outside_Width, cw=Chamfer_Width, $fn=20)
                Profile (Length, Heel_Radius, Toe_Radius, Inside_Width, Inside_Length, Outside_Width, Outside_Length, Instep_Offset);

            // Remove Upper
            translate ([-Outside_Width-5,-5,Rigid_Layer_Thickness])
            cube([Outside_Width+Inside_Width+10,Length+10,Thickness]);
    }
}

if (Foot == "Right") Shoe();
if (Foot == "Left") mirror([1,0,0]) {Shoe();}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a large, customizable 7-segment display. I've seen some similar projects, but I need something that I can really tweak for different sizes and mounting options. I have a rough idea, but I need your help to flesh out the OpenSCAD files.

Here's the breakdown of what I'm envisioning:

**Core Elements:**

*   **Seven Segments:** Obviously, we need the seven individual segments that make up the digit. These should be well-defined polygons, not just simple rectangles, and have a bit of depth for the LED diffusers.
*   **Case:** I need a case to hold the segments, and it should have a few different mounting options. Also the case should be able to have a "cutout" for each segment.
*   **Diffusers (Lenses):** These should fit inside the segments, acting as diffusers to spread out the light of the LEDs. These are optional.

**Parametric Controls:**

I want to be able to control all of this through variables in the SCAD file. Here's a breakdown of the variables I need:

*   **`char_height`:** The overall height of the digit. The actual segment height will derive from this. I will want to use metric for this. I'm thinking the default should be 200mm. The case height will be the `char_height` + some thickness. The total thickness from the "back" of the case to the outermost part of the lens is called `char_thick`
*   **`wall_thickness`:** The thickness of the walls/supports of the case, probably about 1.6mm, but I need the option to adjust that.
*   **`segment_width`:** The width of each segment, as a *percentage* of the `char_height`. So if the height is 200 and this is 15, the width would be 30.
*  **`char_thick`:** How thick the case should be, for screw depth. Default 25mm.
*   **`diff_thick`:** The thickness of the diffuser lenses, around 1.2 mm.
*   **`tap_hole_size`:** The tap drill size for mounting screws. I'm using 3.454mm.
*   **`cutouts`:** A boolean flag (`true` or `false`) to determine if the case should have the segment shapes "cut out". If false, the case will have solid internal supports.
*   **`chamfer`:** A boolean for if the case should follow the edge of the segment pattern on the outside edge or be just rectangular.
*   **`mounting_holes`:** Boolean for adding mounting holes or not.
*   **`mounting_type`:**  A string to select where mounting holes are located: "topbottom", "corners", "centersides", and "insides". Not all of these will be applicable to every case. Default: corners.
*   **`expand_case`:** A boolean for whether the case should extend past the edges of the segments or not.

**Specific Design Details:**

*   The segments should have a defined width and height that is *derived* from the `char_height` and `segment_width`. They are not just simple rectangles - They should have a "stepped" appearance. The `segment_width` will be the "base" width.
*   The case should have variable thickness controlled by `char_thick` and a wall thickness as specified by `wall_thickness`.
*   The lens parts should be extruded polygons of the segment.
*   Mounting holes should have a depth based on `char_thick` plus a little bit for bolt depth.

**Output:**

I'd like the output to be flexible. I'd like to specify one of three parts:

*   **`DigitParts`**: Output both the case and the lenses.
*   **`DigitCase`**: Output only the case, with mounting options.
*   **`DigitLens`**: Output only the lens pieces.

I'm not expecting any specific libraries for this, but let me know if that changes.

I think that's everything. Let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
Large7Seg.scad:
```
// Character Height.  Default = 7".  Includes wall thickness (below) in this measurement.  But does not include screws, if you mount them at the top/bottom edges.
char_height = 200;

// Wall Thickness in mm
wall_thickness = 1.6;

// Which part would you like to see?
part = "DigitCase"; // [DigitParts:Diffused 'Lenses' and Case,DigitCase:Case Only,DigitLens:Diffused Segments Only]

// *Percent* of char_height that the segment's width will be.
segment_width = 15; //[5:30]

// How thick (from the mounting surface) should the case be?
char_thick = 25;

// How thick should the lens layer be? (mm)
diff_thick = 1.2;

// What is the Tap Drill size of the screws you will mount with?  (mm)
tap_hole_size = 3.454;

// Do you want the centers of the 8 removed?
cutouts = true;   // [true,false]

// should the case follow the edge of the segments?
chamfer = false;  // [true,false]

// do you want mounting holes?
mounting_holes = true; // [true,false]

// Where would you like the holes placed?
mounting_type = "corners";  // [topbottom,corners,centersides,insides]

// Do you want the digit to expand the case size?
expand_case = true; // [true,false]

segwidth = char_height * segment_width / 100;
walltriangle = sqrt( pow(wall_thickness,2) / 2);
segheight = (char_height - wall_thickness * 2 - segwidth - walltriangle * 4) / 2;
segriser = segheight - segwidth;
case_x_out = segheight/2 + segwidth/2 + walltriangle + wall_thickness;
case_y_out = segheight + segwidth/2 + walltriangle*2 + wall_thickness;

print_part();

module print_part(){
    if(part == "DigitParts"){
        diffuse_segments();
        case();
    } else if (part == "DigitCase"){
        if (mounting_holes == true){
            if(mounting_type == "centersides"){
                case();
                sidetabs();
            }
            if(mounting_type == "corners"){
                difference(){
                    case();
                    cornertaps();
                }
            }
        }
    } else if (part == "DigitLens"){
        diffuse_segments();
    }

}

module sidetabs(){
    difference(){
        translate([0,0,char_thick-wall_thickness]){
            linear_extrude(height=wall_thickness){
                polygon([[segheight/2,0],
                    [case_x_out, -segwidth/2-wall_thickness],
                    [case_x_out, segwidth/2+wall_thickness]]);
                polygon([[-segheight/2, 0],
                    [-case_x_out, -segwidth/2 -wall_thickness],
                    [-case_x_out, segwidth/2+wall_thickness]]);
            }
        }
        translate([-segheight/2-segwidth/2+wall_thickness,0,char_thick])
        cylinder(r=tap_hole_size/2,h=1, center=true);
        translate([-segheight/2-segwidth/2+wall_thickness,0,char_thick])
        cylinder(r=1,h=1.5, center=true);
        translate([segheight/2+segwidth/2-wall_thickness,0,char_thick])
        cylinder(r=tap_hole_size/2,h=1, center=true);
        translate([segheight/2+segwidth/2-wall_thickness,0,char_thick])
        cylinder(r=1,h=1.5, center=true);
    }
}

module cornertaps(){
    tapx = case_x_out - wall_thickness - tap_hole_size*2;
    tapy = case_y_out - wall_thickness - tap_hole_size*2;
    translate([tapx,0,char_thick/2+1])
    cylinder(r=tap_hole_size/2, h=char_thick, center=true, $fs = 1);
    translate([-tapx,0,char_thick/2+1])
    cylinder(r=tap_hole_size/2, h=char_thick, center=true, $fs = 1);
    translate([tapx,tapy,char_thick/2+1])
    cylinder(r=tap_hole_size/2, h=char_thick, center=true, $fs = 1);
    translate([-tapx,tapy,char_thick/2+1])
    cylinder(r=tap_hole_size/2, h=char_thick, center=true, $fs = 1);
    translate([tapx,-tapy,char_thick/2+1])
    cylinder(r=tap_hole_size/2, h=char_thick, center=true, $fs = 1);
    translate([-tapx,-tapy,char_thick/2+1])
    cylinder(r=tap_hole_size/2, h=char_thick, center=true, $fs = 1);
}

module case(){
    difference(){
        linear_extrude(height = char_thick)
        if (cutouts == true) {
            if (chamfer == true) {
                difference(){
                    chamfered_case();
                    case_cutouts();
                }
            } else {
                difference(){
                    straight_case();
                    case_cutouts();
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (chamfer == true){
                chamfered_case();
            } else {
                straight_case();
            }
        }
        linear_extrude(height = char_thick*3, center=true)segments_poly();
    }

}

module case_cutouts(){
    translate([0,segheight/2+walltriangle,0])square(segheight-segwidth-wall_thickness, center = true);
    translate([0,-segheight/2-walltriangle,0])square(segheight-segwidth-wall_thickness, center = true);
}

module chamfered_case(){
	/* Old polygon - close, but not perfect
	polygon( points = [
	        [-segheight/2-walltriangle*2, 0],
	        [-case_x_out, segwidth/2],
	        [-case_x_out, segheight-segwidth/2 + walltriangle*2],
	        [-segheight/2 +segwidth/2 -walltriangle, case_y_out],
	        [segheight/2 - segwidth/2 + walltriangle, case_y_out],
	        [case_x_out, segheight-segwidth/2 + walltriangle*2],
	        [case_x_out, segwidth/2],
	        [segheight/2+walltriangle*2, 0],
	        [case_x_out, -segwidth/2],
	        [case_x_out, -segheight+segwidth/2-walltriangle*2],
	        [segheight/2 - segwidth/2 + walltriangle, -case_y_out],
	        [-segheight/2 + segwidth/2 - walltriangle, -case_y_out],
	        [-case_x_out, -segheight + segwidth/2 - walltriangle*2],
	        [-case_x_out, -segwidth/2]
	    ], paths = [
	        [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
	    ]);
	*/
	offset(r=wall_thickness){
		segments_poly();
	}
}

module straight_case(){
    square([case_x_out*2, case_y_out*2], center = true);
}

module diffuse_segments(){
    linear_extrude(height = diff_thick)segments_poly();
}

module segments_poly(){ // returns polygons!
    translate([-segheight/2-walltriangle,-segheight/2-walltriangle,0])segment();
    translate([-segheight/2-walltriangle,segheight/2+walltriangle,0])segment();
    translate([segheight/2+walltriangle,-segheight/2-walltriangle,0])segment();
    translate([segheight/2+walltriangle,segheight/2+walltriangle,0])segment();
    rotate([0,0,90])segment();
    translate([0,segheight+walltriangle*2,0])rotate([0,0,90])segment();
    translate([0,-segheight-walltriangle*2.,0])rotate([0,0,90])segment();
}

module segment(){  // returns polygon.
    polygon (points = [
            [-segwidth/2, -segriser/2], [-segwidth/2, segriser/2], [0,segheight/2],
            [segwidth/2, segriser/2], [segwidth/2, -segriser/2], [0,-segheight/2]],
            paths = [[ 0,1,2,3,4,5]]);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a little stand for my flat papercraft people, like Flat Stanley. I'm thinking a simple, shoe-like design would work best.

Here’s what I’m envisioning: It should be a basically rectangular platform, kind of like a very shallow box, with a couple of upright walls spaced apart to hold the paper figure securely. I'm not worried about making it look like an actual shoe.

I need it to be parametric so I can adjust the size for different figures. I'd like to be able to set the following variables:

*   `width`: The overall width of the shoe/platform, in millimeters.
*   `length`: The overall length of the shoe/platform, in millimeters. I'd like this to default to 1.5 times the `width`.
*   `wall`: The thickness of the platform walls and the holding walls, in millimeters.
*   `holderheight`: The height of the holding walls, in millimeters. This should be the same as the `width` by default.
*   `holderplace`: A percentage value (between 0 and 1) that determines where the holders are placed along the length of the shoe. For example, 0.3 means that they start 30% of the way along the platform.
*   `holdergap`: The gap between the two holders, in millimeters.

I’d like a cylinder for the platform, a rectangular box for the main base, and two rectangular boxes for the holder walls. The cylinder should be used to make the base of the platform and the box should be used to create the sides. The holders should be placed as the `holderplace` dictates, with a gap of `holdergap` between them. The entire thing should be rotated 90 degrees along the x-axis so that it is standing upright.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file for this, please?

[Assistant]
shoes.scad:
```
//Set shoe width in mm
width=20;
length=width*1.5;

//Set shoe wall width in mm
wall=1.5;
holderheight=width;

//Set shoe holder in percent of the shoe length
holderplace=.3;

//Set gap for the holder so the paper is held tight in mm
holdergap=.5;

rotate([90,0,0])
union()
{
    cylinder(r=width/2,h=wall);
    translate([0,-width/2,0])
    {
        cube([length,width,wall]);

        //holders
        translate([length*holderplace,0,0])
            cube([wall,width,holderheight]);
        translate([length*holderplace+wall+holdergap,0,0])
            cube([wall,width,holderheight]);
    }
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric pulley system for a counterweight setup, similar to what's described in the provided file. The idea is to have a pulley wheel and a mounting bracket, both customizable. I'm aiming for the kind of design where the pulley can be used with different rope diameters and shaft sizes, and the mount can be adjusted for different mounting bolt sizes.

Here's what I envision:

**Pulley Wheel:**

*   The pulley should be a cylindrical shape with a groove for the rope.
*   The rope groove needs to be parametric based on the rope diameter.
*   The shaft hole should be parametric based on standard metric bolt sizes, and I also want to be able to use a standard skate bearing size instead.
*   I want to be able to set the overall radius of the pulley wheel.
*   The pulley height should be a function of the rope diameter, let's say `ropeDiameter + 5`.

**Mounting Bracket:**

*   The mount should have a base that can be attached to a surface using screws. I'd like to be able to set a parameter for the size of these mounting holes based on metric bolts.
*   The mount needs a hole for the pulley shaft that matches the pulley's shaft hole, using that same parameter of metric bolts.
*   The mount should have an arm to hold the pulley. The arm's size should be related to the pulley's size to ensure good support.
*   I like the idea of having a small lip or catch on either side of the pulley to help keep the rope from slipping off the pulley. Please parameterize the size and position of these catches based on rope diameter.

**Parametric Options:**

*   Rope Diameter (in mm)
*   Shaft Bolt Size (metric, plus an option for a standard skate bearing)
*   Mount Bolt Size (metric)
*   Pulley Radius (in mm)
*   I also need to be able to control the height of the pulley.

**Output Options:**

*   I'd like to be able to generate either just the pulley, just the mount, or both parts together.

I think that's all the important details. I'm looking for this to be a parametric design, so I should be able to easily change parameters to fit different counterweight setups.

I'm not familiar with any specific libraries that would be helpful here so you can implement this with the core OpenSCAD functions.

[Assistant]
customizablepulley.scad:
```
// Parametric Pulley

// Which part would you like to print?
printSelection = "Both";//[Pulley:Pulley only, Pulley Mount:Pulley Mount only, Both:Both]

// Choose the desired rope diameter in millimeters
ropeDiameter = 5;//[5:30]

// Choose a metric bolt size for the shaft
shaftBoltSize = 10;//[4.8:M4, 5.8:M5, 7:M6, 8:M7, 10:M8, 12:M10, 22:skate bearing]

// Choose a metric bolt size for mounting
mountBoltSize = 10;//[4.8:M4, 5.8:M5, 7:M6, 8:M7, 10:M8, 12:M10]

pulleyHeight = ropeDiameter+5;
// Choose the desired pulley radius in millimeters
pulleySize = 16;

print_part();

// This module chooses which part to display
module print_part()
{
	if (printSelection == "Pulley")
	{
		translate([0,0,pulleyHeight/2]) Pulley();
	}
	else if (printSelection == "Pulley Mount")
	{
	translate([0,2*pulleyHeight+pulleySize+15,pulleyHeight+25+pulleySize])rotate([-90,0,0])PulleyMount();
	}
	else if (printSelection == "Both")
	{
		both();
	}
	else
	{
		both();
	}
}

// This module populates both parts
module both()
{
	translate([0,0,pulleyHeight/2]) Pulley();
	translate([0,2*pulleyHeight+pulleySize+15,pulleyHeight+25+pulleySize])rotate([-90,0,0])PulleyMount();
}

// The module is the pulley wheel
module Pulley()
{

	$fn = 100;
	difference()
	{
		cylinder(r = pulleyHeight+pulleySize, h = pulleyHeight, center = true);
		rotate_extrude(convexity = 10)
		translate([pulleyHeight+1+pulleySize, 0, 0])
		circle(r = ropeDiameter/2);

		// This is the hole for the shaft
		cylinder(r = shaftBoltSize/2, h = pulleyHeight+1, center = true);
	}
}

// This module is the pulley mount
module PulleyMount()
{
	$fn = 100;
	difference()
	{
		union()
		{
			translate([0, (pulleyHeight+25+pulleySize)/2, 0])
            //I want the pulley to extend past the mount
			cube(size = [1*pulleyHeight+pulleySize, pulleyHeight+25+pulleySize, pulleyHeight+16],
					center = true);
			cylinder(r= pulleySize+12.5, h = pulleyHeight+16, center = true);
            //Added catch to help keep rope on pulley
        translate([(pulleySize*2)-ropeDiameter, 0, 0])
		cylinder(r = ropeDiameter, h = pulleyHeight+16, center = true);
        translate([(pulleySize*-2)+ropeDiameter, 0, 0])
		cylinder(r = ropeDiameter, h = pulleyHeight+16, center = true);
		}
        //Modified to hopefully work with variable pulley sizes
		cube(size  = [2*(pulleySize+12.5),2*pulleyHeight+pulleySize+pulleySize+27.5, pulleyHeight+2],
				center = true);

		// This is the hole for the shaft
		cylinder(r = mountBoltSize/2, h = pulleyHeight+26, center = true);

        //Removing a bit of the catch to make the bridge less severe
        translate([0,ropeDiameter,0])
        rotate([0,90,0])
        cylinder(r = ropeDiameter, h = 4*(pulleySize+12.5), center = true);
		// These are the holes for mounting
        //Since I'm not mounting with screws I'm commenting out this section
		//translate([pulleyHeight/2+5,0,0])
		//rotate([90,0,0])
		//cylinder(r=mountBoltSize/2, h = 1000, center = true);

		//translate([-pulleyHeight/2-5,0,0])
		//rotate([90,0,0])
		//cylinder(r=mountBoltSize/2, h = 1000, center = true);

	}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a parametric webcam mount for my 3D printer, specifically a Printrbot Simple Metal with a heated bed. I'd like it to attach to the front right corner of the bed.

The design should have two main parts: a test piece for sizing the groove that grips the bed, and the final mount. The final mount will also have a tab for attaching the webcam, probably with rubber bands.

For the groove, I need to be able to adjust its width to get a snug fit. It should slide onto the bed wing without too much force but stay put. I think a good starting point for the width might be around 3.75 mm, but I need to be able to tweak that easily using parameters. The test piece should be a simplified version of the groove to quickly test out the fit. For now, let's just test the grove.

The overall size of the bracket is approximately 23mm x 23mm as viewed from the front of the printer. I'd also like a module that moves a child object to the top of the bracket by translating, rotating around x and then rotating around y, and one that limits the child object to the space on top of the mount.

The camera tab should be a flat rectangle that sticks out, sized to accommodate rubber bands securing the camera. Its length will be based on the 23mm outer size, with a height of 20mm and a thickness of 3mm.

I'm aiming to use OpenSCAD to make this design, so the generated code needs to be parametric, easy to adjust, and modular. I don't have any preference on whether this is split into multiple files.

I do want to use `minkowski()` to create the rounded corners of the groove pieces. Could you make sure you use that function in the design?

[Assistant]
simple_metal_webcam_mount.scad:
```
// Print the size tester or the full bracket? Start with the Size Tester.
part = "test"; // [test:Size Tester,bracket:Camera Bracket]

// How wide should the groove be for the bed wing? Print Sizer Tester objects until you find a good value for this number. You want a fit that slides on with a tiny amount of force, without scratching and stays there.
cut_thickness = 3.75;

/* [Hidden] */

// How big is the mounting bracket when seen from the front of the
// machine?
outer_size = 23;

// Any small value used to slightly offset faces when
// using difference() to avoid artifacting.
epsilon = 1;

if (part == "bracket") {
    bed_corner_mount(cut_thickness=cut_thickness);

    clip_to_top(outer_size)
    move_to_top(outer_size)
    camera_tab();

    // I'd like to try this in a later version.
    //c525_camera_box();
} else {
    bed_corner_mount(cut_thickness=cut_thickness, cut_depth=5);
}

// A single, flat tab to which the camera can be attached using rubber
// bands.
module camera_tab() {
    tab_thickness = 3;
    tab_height = 20;
    tab_length = outer_size * sqrt(2);

    translate([0, -tab_thickness/2, 0])
    cube([tab_length, tab_thickness, tab_height]);
}

// Holds the lower articulation a Logitech C525 webcam.  This is an
// an excellent camera for this application, because it can focus on
// objects as close as 7cm, and it has both rotation and position
// adjustments.
module c525_camera_box(x=60, y=7, depth=20) {
    wall_thickness = 3;
    translate([0, -(y+2*wall_thickness)/2, 0])
    linear_extrude(depth)
    difference() {
        square([x+2*wall_thickness, y+2*wall_thickness]);

        translate([wall_thickness, wall_thickness])
        square([x, y]);
    }
}

// Slides nicely onto the right bed corner of a Printrbot Simple Metal.
module bed_corner_mount(cut_thickness=3.75, cut_depth=25) {
    depth = cut_depth + 3;

    outer_size = 23;
    cut_size = 20;
    inner_size = 12;

    cut_radius = 5;

    translate([outer_size, outer_size, 0])
    mirror([1, 1, 0])
    difference() {
        // Our main block.
        cube([outer_size, outer_size, depth]);

        // Cut our groove.
        translate([-epsilon, -epsilon, depth-cut_depth])
        linear_extrude(cut_depth+epsilon)
        bent_sheet(cut_size+epsilon,
                   radius=cut_radius,
                   thickness=cut_thickness);

        // Cut out an inside block
        translate([-epsilon, -epsilon, -epsilon])
        cube([inner_size+2*epsilon, inner_size+2*epsilon, depth+2*epsilon]);
    }
}

// Move something from the x, y plane to the top of the bracket.
module move_to_top(outer_size) {
    translate([0, outer_size, 0])
    rotate([45, 0, 0])
    rotate([0, -90, 0])
    children();
}

// Clip a part to fit within the aispace on top of the bracket.
module clip_to_top(outer_size) {
    airspace = 50;
    intersection() {
        translate([-airspace, 0, 0])
        cube([airspace, outer_size, outer_size]);

        children();
    }
}

// A square with one rounded corner at the upper right.
module round_corner_square(size, radius) {
    intersection() {
        square(size);

        translate([-radius,-radius])
        minkowski() {
            square(size);
            circle(radius);
        }
    }
}

// Simulates a bent steel sheeet with the rounded corner at the upper
// right.
module bent_sheet(size, radius, thickness) {
    difference() {
        round_corner_square(size, radius);

        translate([-thickness, -thickness])
        round_corner_square(size, max(1, radius-thickness));
    }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable cat toy ball using OpenSCAD. I have some specific parameters in mind, and I'd like it to be fairly flexible.

Essentially, I need to be able to control the overall diameter of the sphere, the thickness of its walls, and the cutouts that are made in the surface. I'd like to be able to choose between slots and holes for the cutouts.

For the sphere itself, I'd like to be able to specify the diameter, and a wall thickness as a percentage of the diameter. So if the diameter is 100mm and the wall thickness is set to 10%, the wall thickness would be 10mm and the internal diameter of the hollow sphere would be 80mm.

If I choose "slots" as the cutout style, I would want to control the size of the slots themselves, as well as the space between each slot and, ideally, a way to make them go all the way around the ball or stop before they reach the poles.

If I choose "holes" as the cutout style, I'd like to control the size of the holes and the spacing between them. Crucially, I also want to be able to pick between several hole shapes: round, triangle, square, diamond and hexagon. If you go with holes, I'd want them to be somewhat evenly distributed over the sphere's surface, and perhaps slightly more dense at the equator than at the poles.

I'm thinking this will require two main files: a master file defining all of the main parameters, and a second module to handle the sphere cutouts. The master file can call the cutouts module with the needed parameters.

For libraries, I know the sphere generation is pretty basic, but please use BOSL2 if you use any libraries.

I think that should cover it - please let me know if anything is unclear.

[Assistant]
catball.scad:
```
// cat toy sphere maker, by Tyler Bletsch

$fn=32*1; // << decent quality spheres

// Diameter of sphere (mm)
dia = 35; // [10:120]

// Thickness of the walls (1% for almost nonexistant, 100% for solid)
wall_thickness_percentage = 5; //[1:100]
wall_thickness = wall_thickness_percentage/100 * dia;

// Minimum space between gaps (percentage of circumference). Smaller = more holes, bigger means fewer holes.
gap_space_percent = 2; // [1:15]
gap_space = PI*dia*gap_space_percent/100;
//gap_space =20;

// Size of gaps.
gap_size_percent = 3; // [1:15]
gap_size = PI*dia*gap_size_percent/100;
//gap_size = 1;

// Type of cutaway
style="holes"; // [slots,holes]

// Type of hole (if cutaway style is "holes")
hole_type="round"; // [round,triangle,square,diamond,hexagon]

// hole math:
// number of holes per longitude
n_theta = ceil(PI*dia/(gap_space+gap_size));
// number of longitudes to chop holes in
n_phi = n_theta/2;

// rough heuristic to put thingies on a sphere
// thingies are fairly uniform if n_phi == n_theta/2
module at_sphere_holes(n_phi,n_theta) {
        for (j = [0:(n_phi-1)]) {
            phi = 180/(n_phi-1)*j;
            this_n_theta = floor((1-abs(phi-90)/90)*(n_theta-1))+1; // linear interpolate so we have full n_theta holes at the equator and max of 1 at the poles
            for (i = [0:(this_n_theta-1)*1]) {
                theta = 360/this_n_theta*i;
                rotate([phi,0,theta]) children();
            }
        }
}

difference() {
    sphere(d=dia,$fn=$fn*2); // initial sphere
    sphere(d=dia-wall_thickness*2);  // make hollow

    if (style=="slots") {
        n_gaps = floor(dia/(gap_size+gap_space)*0.95);
        gap_total_z = n_gaps*(gap_size+gap_space)-gap_space;
        for (i = [0:n_gaps-1]) {
            for (m = [0:1]) mirror([m,0,0])
                translate([gap_space/2,-dia/2,(gap_size+gap_space)*i-gap_total_z/2])
                    cube([dia,dia,gap_size]);
            translate([0,0,-dia/2]) cylinder(d=gap_size, h=dia);
        }
    } else if (style=="holes") {
        if (hole_type=="square") {
            at_sphere_holes(n_phi,n_theta) translate([-gap_size/2,-gap_size/2,0]) cube([gap_size,gap_size,dia/2+1]);
        } else {
            hole_fn =
                hole_type=="round" ? $fn :
                hole_type=="triangle" ? 3 :
                hole_type=="diamond" ? 4 :
                hole_type=="hexagon" ? 6 :
                $fn;
            dia_adj =
                hole_type=="round" ? 1 :
                hole_type=="triangle" ? 1.4 :
                hole_type=="diamond" ? 1.3 :
                hole_type=="hexagon" ? 1.2 :
                1;
            at_sphere_holes(n_phi,n_theta) cylinder(d=gap_size*dia_adj,h=dia/2+1, $fn=hole_fn);
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to create a parametric box with a lid, and I'm thinking something with a kind of "girder" or helix look. I have some specific ideas about the shape and how it should be customizable.

I need an OpenSCAD design that allows me to control the following:

*   **Overall Shape:** The box should generally be cylindrical, but I want to be able to flatten the sides. I need parameters for the radius of the overall cylinder. I also need the ability to cut off the top, bottom, left and right of the cylinder so that it has flat faces. I'll need x_max, x_min, y_max, y_min for this.

*   **Girder Structure:** The box walls should be made of a series of helixes, like a girder frame. I need to control the number of helixes going around the cylinder, and the number of turns they take going up, and finally a parameter for the width/thickness of the helix members. It is important to me that the helixes are all the same thickness. The helixes will be built using the hull() operation.

*   **Box Height:** I need to be able to set the total height of the box.

*   **Lid:** The lid should be a similar flattened cylinder shape and should be mirrored and slightly smaller so that it fits into the box. It needs to have a small "guard" or lip that extends down into the box a little bit to help hold it in place. I will also need a parameter to specify this lid guard height.
*   **Part Selection:** I'd like the option to be able to render only the box, only the lid, or both at the same time. This will make it easier to work with.

I also want a preview feature, where if I specify which part I'm previewing, then it will be rendered in red, the other part will be rendered in the default color.

The code should be parameterized so I can adjust all these dimensions and the helix parameters. I'd like to be able to control the number of fragments ($fn) too.

It would be great if the design uses a custom module for the basic helix shape and another for the flat cutoffs and a module to draw the box and a module to draw the lid.

[Assistant]
girderbox.scad:
```

/*
 *  Girder Box
 * by Bo Boye
 * All copyrights reserved.
 *
 * published under Gnu public licens.
 *
 *
 */

/*
    default values
*/
/* [Global] */

// Which one would you like to see?
part = "both"; // [first:Box Only,second:Lid Only,both:Box and Lid]
// Radius
radius=50; // [10:100]
// Thickness
thick=4;
// X Max cutoff. Where the flatness starts(from center). If larger then the radius, its all round.
xmax=50; // [0:100]
// X Min cutoff. Where the flatness starts(from center). If larger then the radius, its all round.
xmin=-35; // [-100:0]
// Y Max cutoff. Where the flatness starts(from center). If larger then the radius, its all round.
ymax=35; // [0:100]
// Y Min cutoff. Where the flatness starts(from center). If larger then the radius, its all round.
ymin=-30; // [-100:0]
// Number of fragments, wich also means number of calcs per turn.
fn=100;

/* [Box] */
// Height of box.
height=80;  // [5:100]
// Number of helixes(Below 4 is not printable without support).
nhelixes=8; // [4:64]
// Number of turns
turns=0.25;

/* [Lid] */
// Lid guard height.
lid_guard = 3;  // [0:10]

/* [Hidden] */
preview_tab = "";
$fn=fn;
step = 360/fn;
div =  (360*turns) / height;
rev = height / (360 / div);

print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "first") {
		highlight("Box") box();
	} else if (part == "second") {
		highlight("Lid") lid();
	} else if (part == "both") {
		both();
	} else {
		both();
	}
}

function maxx(x) = max(xmin,min(xmax,x));
function maxy(y) = max(ymin,min(ymax,y));
module helem(thick=2) {
    cube(thick);
    //cylinder(r=thick/2,h=thick);
    }
module helix(start=0,step=5,rev=.75,r=20,div=3,thick=4) {
	translate([-thick/2,-thick/2,0])  {
    for(a=[step:step:360*rev]) {
        x=maxx(sin(a+start)*r);
        y=maxy(cos(a+start)*r);
        x2=maxx(sin((a+start)-step)*r);
        y2=maxy(cos((a+start)-step)*r);
		hull() {
			translate([x,y,a/div])
                helem(thick);
			translate([x2,y2,(a-step)/div])
                helem(thick);
		}
	}
}
}
module helixc(start=0,step=5,rev=.75,r=20,div=3,thick=4) {
    translate([-thick/2,-thick/2,0]) union() {
        for(a=[0:-step:-(360-step)*rev]) {
            x=maxx(sin(a+start)*r);
            y=maxy(cos(a+start)*r);
            x2=maxx(sin((a+start)-step)*r);
            y2=maxy(cos((a+start)-step)*r);
            hull() {
                translate([x,y,-a/div])
                    helem(thick);
                translate([x2,y2,-(a-step)/div])
                    helem(thick);
            }
        }
    }
}

module helixgrid(n=7,rev=1,r=20,div=3,thick=2) {
    for(v=[0:360/n:360]) {
        helix(v,rev=rev,r=r,div=div,thick=thick);
        helixc(v,rev=rev,r=r,div=div,thick=thick);
        //top(v+(360/(n*2)),n,((360*rev)/div)-4);
    }

}
module topcut(r=57.5,adj=1.5) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r,h=20);
        translate([-r+xmin+adj,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax-adj,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([-r,ymax-adj,-1]) cube([r*2,r*2,20]);
        translate([-r,-r*2+ymin+adj,-1]) cube([r*2,r*2,20]);
    }
}

module guard(r=60,h=10,adj=1) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r,h=h);
        translate([0,0,-1]) topcut(r-thick,adj*2);
        translate([-r*2+xmin+adj,-r,-1]) cube([r*2,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax-adj,-r,-1]) cube([r*2,r*2,20]);
        translate([-r,ymax-adj,-1]) cube([r*2,r*2,20]);
        translate([-r,-r*2+ymin+adj,-1]) cube([r*2,r*2,20]);
    }
}
module top(r=60,h=10,adj=1) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r,h=h);
        translate([0,0,-1]) topcut(r-thick,adj*2);
        translate([-r+xmin-adj,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax+adj,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([-r,ymax+adj,-1]) cube([r*2,r,20]);
        translate([-r,-r+ymin-adj,-1]) cube([r*2,r,20]);
    }
}
module bottom(r=60) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r,h=2.5);
        //translate([0,0,-1]) topcut(r-2.5);
        translate([-r+xmin-1,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax+1,-r,-1]) cube([r*2,r*2,20]);
        translate([-r,ymax+1,-1]) cube([r*2,r,20]);
        translate([-r,-r+ymin-1,-1]) cube([r*2,r,20]);
    }
}
module highlight(this_tab) {
  if (preview_tab == this_tab) {
    color("red") child(0);
  } else {
    child(0);
  }
}
module box() {
    bottom(radius);
    helixgrid(nhelixes,rev,radius-2.5,div,thick);
    translate([0,0,height]) top(radius,thick);
}
module lid() {
    mirror([1,0,0]) {
        bottom(radius);
        guard(radius-thick*2,lid_guard+thick,thick);
    }
}
module both() {
    box();
    translate([radius*2 + 10,0,0]) lid();
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a card tray, something I can use for board games. I need it to be parametric so I can adjust it for different sized cards and numbers of stacks.

Specifically, I'd like to be able to define:

*   The width of the card stack area
*   The height of the card stack area
*   The depth of the card stack area (how tall the cards can be)
*   The material thickness of the tray
*   The number of rows of card stacks I want
*   The number of columns of card stacks I want

The tray itself should have a base and walls that form the card stack areas. Each of these individual card stack areas needs to have cutouts on the sides for easier access to the cards. I was thinking maybe cylindrical cutouts centered on each side of the stack area? Maybe I could choose to cut out the center of the face of each compartment as well.

I'm not using any particular libraries, so please include everything needed for the design. I'm also fine with the default OpenSCAD settings for `$fa` and `$fs`, but maybe you could make those customizable parameters as well.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
card_tray.scad:
```
//
// Parametric card tray for board games
//
// Copyright 2015 Magnus Kvevlander <magu@me.com>
//
// Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0)
// http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
//

// The width of the card stack cutout
w = 70;

// The height of the card stack cutout
h = 97;

// The depth of the card stack cutout
d = 70;

// The number of rows
rows = 1; // [1:10]

// The number of columns
cols = 2; // [1:10]

// Material thickness
thk = 2;

/* [Hidden] */

$fa = 3;
$fs = 0.5;

// draw code with sanity check if wider than tall, not to bork draw code
if ( w <= h )
    card_tray(x = w, y = h, z = d, thk = thk, rows = rows, cols = cols);
else
    rotate ([0, 0, 90]) mirror ([0, 1, 0])
        card_tray(x = h, y = w, z = d, thk = thk, rows = cols, cols = rows);

// Arcane Tinmen Small (red) 46 x 72
// Arcane Tinmen Standard (grey) 67 x 94
// Arcane Tinmen Medium (green) 59 x 93
// Arcane Tinmen Large (blue) 63 x 97
// FFG Square (Power Grid) 73 x 73
// FFG Yellow (Eldritch horror) 44 x 67.3
// Mayday War of the Ring 71 x 122

module card_tray (x = 50, y = 100, z = 50, thk = 2, rows = 1, cols = 2)
union ()
    for (i = [0:cols-1]) for (j = [0:rows-1])
        translate ([i * (x + thk), j * (y + thk), 0])
            card_holder (x, y, z, thk);

module card_holder (x, y, z, thk)
difference () {
    // body
	cube ([x + 2 * thk, y + 2 * thk, z + thk]);
    // card stack cutout
	translate ([thk, thk, thk])
		cube ([x, y, z + thk]);
    // slot cutouts
	for (i = [0, 1]) {
        // mid x cutouts
		translate ([(2 * thk + x) / 2, i * (2 * thk + y), -thk])
			cylinder ( r = (x + 2 * thk)/4, h = z + 3 * thk );
        // mid y cutouts' edges
		for ( j = [-1, 1] )
			translate ([i * (2 * thk + x), (2 * thk + y) / 2 + j * ((2 * thk + y)-(x + 2 * thk))/2, - thk])
				cylinder ( r = (x + 2 * thk)/4, h = z + 3 * thk );
        // mid y cutouts' center
		translate ([i * (2 * thk + x), (2 * thk + y) / 2, (z + 3 * thk)/2 - thk])
			cube ([2 * (x + 2 * thk)/4, ((2 * thk + y)-(x + 2 * thk)), z + 3 * thk], center = true);
	}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric pencil holder. I want it to be a circular base with angled holes for the pencils to sit in.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **Number of Pencils:** The number of pencils the holder can accommodate. This should be a variable, say `num_pencils`.
*   **Pencil Diameter:** The diameter of the pencils. This should be a variable, say `pencil_diameter`.
*   **Slope Angle:** The angle at which the pencils lean in, relative to vertical. Let's call this variable `slope_angle`.
*   **Base Radius:** The radius of the cylindrical base of the holder. This should be calculated based on the number of pencils and their diameter so the pencils don't overlap, but it should also be able to be set directly with a variable `base_radius_override`. The code should default to automatic calculation of `base_radius` based on `num_pencils` and `pencil_diameter` if `base_radius_override` is not set.
*   **Base Height:** The height of the cylindrical base. This is just a constant, let's say, `base_height`, defaulting to 10 mm if not set.
*   **Pencil Hole Height:** The depth of the pencil holes. This should be a variable called `hole_height` defaulting to `3 * pencil_diameter`.

I'd like the pencil holes to be cylindrical. Please use BOSL2 for the needed functions for circular arrangement and rotation, and I'd like to use `difference()` to cut the holes into the main base. I'd also like it if the bottom of the pencil holes was a flat surface, not the cylinder end, so the pencils can rest properly.

I'd like to be able to preview the holder with some 'test pencils' in place, represented as simple cylinders extending above the top of the holder. There should be a variable, say `test_pencils`, that controls how many pencils are shown for the preview, defaulted to 0 so that they are not shown. There should also be a variable called `test_pencil_height` defaulted to `20*pencil_diameter`, which controls the height of these preview pencils.

[Assistant]
PencilHolder-48.scad:
```
// Laurie Gellatly
// Holder for 48 (or you choose) pencils
// v1.1 2018/07/29 Allow for much larger pencil diameters

// to be held?
number_of_pencils = 48;	// [8:48]
// of pencils?
slope_angle = 35;	// [20:40]
// (8.1 default, but you can try other values at your own risk)
pencil_diameter = 8.1;   //
// Set to None before printing
number_test_pencils = 0; // [0:None - ready for STL,4:Some filled]

/* [Hidden] */
pencil_rad = pencil_diameter/2;
slope_in = 5-slope_angle;

base_rad = pencil_diameter + (number_of_pencils * (((48-number_of_pencils)/20)+1.5*pencil_diameter))/(2*3.141);

difference(){
	cylinder(r1=base_rad+4, r2 = base_rad - 3, h=1.5+2*pencil_diameter,$fn = 360);
	translate([0,0,-.1]) cylinder(r2=base_rad -(2+ 2*pencil_diameter), r1 = base_rad - 2*(pencil_diameter-1), h=2*pencil_diameter+1.5+.2,$fn = 3*number_of_pencils);
	for(ang=[0:360/number_of_pencils:360]){
		rotate([0,0,ang]) translate ([base_rad - pencil_rad, 0,pencil_diameter/2]) rotate([slope_angle,slope_in,0]) cylinder(r=pencil_rad, h=4*pencil_diameter, $fn = 90);
	}
}
if(number_test_pencils != 0){
	%color("red") for(ang=[0:360/number_of_pencils:(number_test_pencils-1)*360/number_of_pencils]){
		rotate([0,0,ang]) translate ([base_rad - pencil_rad, 0,4.5]) rotate([slope_angle,slope_in,0]) cylinder(r=pencil_rad, h=20*pencil_diameter, $fn = 8);
	}
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a custom dart cup for a blowgun, and I want to be able to adjust all the parameters easily. I've seen some designs using OpenSCAD, and that seems like the way to go.

Specifically, I need a cup that has a cone-shaped base and a cylindrical neck. Here are the parameters I need to control:

*   **Cone Base:**
    *   Outside diameter of the cone's base.
    *   Height of the cone.
    *   Thickness of the cone's wall.
*   **Neck:**
    *   Outside diameter of the cylindrical neck.
    *   Height of the neck.
*   **Dart Hole:**
    *   Diameter of the hole going through the neck for the dart shaft.
    *   The depth of this hole should always be 2mm less than the neck height.

The whole thing should be a single, printable object. I want to be able to adjust all of these parameters in OpenSCAD's Customizer to easily iterate on the design. Can you generate a SCAD file that will do this for me? I'd prefer to not rely on any libraries if possible - just pure OpenSCAD code would be best.

[Assistant]
dart_cup_customizer.scad:
```
// Outside diameter of cone base. (All measurements are in millimeters!!)
cone_diameter = 16;
// Height of cone.
cone_height = 10;
//Thickness of cone walls.
wall = 0.6;
// Outside diameter of neck.
neck_diameter = 4;
// Height of neck.
neck_height = 5;
// Diameter of hole for dart. (Depth of hole is automatically 2mm less than neck height.)
hole_size = 2;
union() {
difference() {
    // bottom cylinder
    cylinder(h = cone_height, r1 = cone_diameter/2, r2 = neck_diameter/2, center = false, $fn=100);
    // inside cylinder
    cylinder (h = cone_height - wall, r1 = cone_diameter/2 - wall, r2 = neck_diameter/2 - wall, center = false, $fn=100);
}
difference() {
    // neck
    translate([0,0,cone_height]) cylinder(h = neck_height, r = neck_diameter/2, $fn=100);
    // shaft hole
    translate([0,0,cone_height + 2]) cylinder(h = neck_height - 2, r = hole_size/2, $fn=100);
}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I've got a design idea for a tile storage box, inspired by the storage solution I made for Galaxy Trucker tiles. I want to make it parametric so I can adjust it for different tile sizes and stack counts.

Here's the basic concept: The box will have multiple stacks of tiles, side by side, each angled at a specified rotation. The box itself will be a simple rectangular structure enclosing these angled stacks. There will be finger cutouts on the top face to make it easy to access the tiles in each stack. I would like to be able to generate a matching lid as well.

Here are the parameters I need:

*   **`tokenwidth`**: Width of a single tile.
*   **`tokenheight`**: Height of a single tile.
*   **`tokenstack`**: The number of tiles in a stack (depth of the stack).
*   **`numstack`**: The number of tile stacks in the box.
*   **`doublerev`**: A boolean to make a mirrored copy of the stacks; the original and mirrored copies should have a wall separating them.
*   **`rotation`**: The rotation (in degrees) of the stack.
*   **`wallsize`**: The thickness of the walls.
*   **`wobble`**: A small amount added to the tile dimensions for loose fit (width, height, depth of the tile).
*   **`fingersize`**: The size of the cutout for fingers on the top face.
*    **`text`**: Optional text to add to the top of the lid.
*   **`font`**: The font to use for text.
*   **`textsize`**: Size of the text.
*   **`print`**:  A string that is either `"box"` or `"lid"` to specify which part is printed.

For the "mirrored" design, I want the second mirrored version to be rotated 90 degrees around the Z axis, then translated so that it matches on the other side of the first box, the second box should be mirrored along the x and y axis at the same time. There should be an internal wall between the two boxes as well.
The lid should match the box and be able to be printed in the same configuration as the box. The lid should have the text on the lid itself, be a tight fit over the box (with the finger cutout holes), and have a small tab on the lip of the lid to make a better fit.

I'd like the design to be created in OpenSCAD. I don't have any libraries to use right now. The output should be two files one each for the box and the lid. Could you generate the files?

[Assistant]
tilebox.scad:
```

// Token width
tokenwidth = 45;
// Token height
tokenheight= 45;
// Token stack depth
tokenstack = 36;
// Number of stacks to create
numstack = 2;
// Create a mirrored line of stacks
doublerev = "yes"; // [yes:yes,no:no]
// Rotation of the stacks
rotation = 10; // [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40]
// Wall size
wallsize = 1.6;
// Wobble (added to width, height and depth)
wobble = 1.5;
// Size of the holes cutout
fingersize = 24;
// Text you want to add
text = "";
// The font you want to use
font = "Slabo 27px"; // [Slabo 27px,Oswald,Indie Flower,Yanone Kaffeesatz,Titillium Web,Arvo,Lobster,Fjalla One,Bree Serif,Muli,Pacifico,Anton,Maven Pro,Monda,Lobster Two,Bangers,Sigmar One,Courgette,Fugaz One,Patrick Hand,Viga,Fredoka One,Damion,Audiowide,Black Ops One,Montserrat Alternates,Jockey One,Lily Script One]
// Size of the text
textsize = 18;
// Print the box or lid
print = "lid"; // [box:Box,lid:Lid]

$fn = 100;

basex = (tokenwidth+wobble)*numstack+wallsize*numstack+wallsize;
basey = cos(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+cos(rotation-90)*(tokenheight+wobble);
topy = cos(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2);

module inline(){
    difference(){
        union(){
             translate([-wallsize,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),-2]) cube([basex, basey, sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+2]);
            translate([-wallsize,0,0]) rotate([rotation,0,0]) cube([basex, tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2, tokenheight+wobble]);
            translate([-wallsize,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),0]) cube([basex, tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2, cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)]);
        }
        for(i = [0:numstack-1]) {
            translate([i*(wallsize+tokenwidth+wobble),wallsize,0]) rotate([rotation,0,0]) cube([tokenwidth+wobble, tokenstack+wobble, tokenheight+wobble+2]);
            hull(){
                rotate([90+rotation,0,0]) translate([(tokenwidth+wobble)/2+(i*(tokenwidth+wobble+wallsize)),tokenheight/2,-tokenstack-wobble-(2.15*wallsize)]) cylinder(d=fingersize,h=wallsize*2);
                rotate([90+rotation,0,0]) translate([(tokenwidth+wobble)/2+(i*(tokenwidth+wobble+wallsize)),tokenheight+wobble,-tokenstack-wobble-(2.15*wallsize)]) cylinder(d=fingersize,h=wallsize*2);
            }
        }
    }
}

module cover(){
    difference(){
        union(){
             //translate([-wallsize,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),-2]) cube([basex, basey, sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+2]);
           difference(){
               translate([-wallsize,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)]) cube([basex, topy, sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+2]);
            translate([-wallsize-0.1,-0.1,wobble/10]) rotate([rotation,0,0]) cube([basex+0.2, tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2+0.2, tokenheight+wobble]);
           }
            //translate([-wallsize,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),0]) cube([basex, tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2, cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)]);

        for(i = [0:numstack-1]) {
            //translate([i*(wallsize+tokenwidth+wobble),wallsize,0]) rotate([rotation,0,0]) cube([tokenwidth+wobble, tokenstack+wobble, tokenheight+wobble+2]);
            difference(){
            hull(){
                rotate([90+rotation,0,0]) translate([(tokenwidth+wobble)/2+(i*(tokenwidth+wobble+wallsize)),tokenheight,-tokenstack-wobble-(2.15*wallsize)]) cylinder(d=fingersize-0.8,h=wallsize-0.2);
                rotate([90+rotation,0,0]) translate([(tokenwidth+wobble)/2+(i*(tokenwidth+wobble+wallsize)),tokenheight+wobble*10,-tokenstack-wobble-(2.15*wallsize)]) cylinder(d=fingersize-0.8,h=wallsize-0.2);
            }
           translate([-wallsize,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)+sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+2]) cube([basex, topy*1.1, tokenheight+wobble]);
        }
        }
        }

    }
}

if(print == "box"){
if(doublerev == "yes") {
    union(){
        translate([0,0,0]) inline();
    rotate([0,0,90]) translate([-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)*2+0.1,0,0]) mirror([1,1,0]){ inline(); };
}
    echo(str("Dimensions are : ", basex, " mm * ", basey*2, "mm"));
} else {
    translate([0,0,0]) inline();
    echo(str("Dimensions are : ", basex, " mm * ", basey, "mm"));
}
}

if(print == "lid"){
if(doublerev == "yes") {
    rotate([-90,0,180]) difference(){
    union(){
        translate([0,0,0]) cover();
    rotate([0,0,90]) translate([-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)*2+0.1,0,0]) mirror([1,1,0]){ cover(); };
}
translate([basex/2-wallsize,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)+sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+1.1]) rotate([0,0,180]) linear_extrude(height = 50, center = false, convexity = 10) text(text,size=textsize,font=font,valign="center",halign="center");
translate([0,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)-wallsize]) cube([basex-wallsize*2, topy-wallsize, sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+1.7]);

rotate([0,0,90]) translate([-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)*2+0.1,0,0]) mirror([1,1,0]) translate([0,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble),cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)-wallsize]) cube([basex-wallsize*2, topy-wallsize, sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+1.7]);
}
    //echo(str("Dimensions are : ", basex, " mm * ", basey*2, "mm"));
} else {
    rotate([-90,0,180]) difference(){
    translate([0,0,0]) cover();
        translate([basex/2-wallsize,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)+topy/2,cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)+sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+1.1]) rotate([0,0,180]) linear_extrude(height = 50, center = false, convexity = 10) text(text,size=textsize,font=font,valign="center",halign="center");
        translate([0,-sin(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)+wallsize,cos(rotation)*(tokenheight+wobble)-wallsize]) cube([basex-wallsize*2, topy-wallsize*2, sin(rotation)*(tokenstack+wobble+wallsize*2)+1.7]);
    }
    //echo(str("Dimensions are : ", basex, " mm * ", basey, "mm"));
}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a skewed funnel, something that would let me connect two differently sized circular openings that aren't directly above each other. Think of it like a pipe that's angled to the side as it goes up. I've got some specific needs, and I need it to be fully customizable.

Here’s what I’m envisioning:

*   **Diameters:** I need to be able to set both the outer diameter of the large opening and the outer diameter of the small opening independently.
*   **Wall Thickness:** I need to be able to adjust the wall thickness.
*   **Height:** I need to set the overall height of the funnel.
*   **Top Band:** I want to have a cylindrical section at the top of the funnel before the funnel shape starts, and I need to be able to set the height of that band.
*   **Bottom Spout:** Similarly, I need to specify how long a straight spout at the bottom (after the funnel part ends) should be.
*   **Offset:** Crucially, I need to specify the horizontal offset between the center of the small opening and the center of the large opening.

I'm looking for an OpenSCAD file that lets me define all those variables, and produces a smoothly blended, hollow funnel. I'd like the code to use the standard OpenSCAD libraries. No need for any extra libraries. Could you generate that for me?

[Assistant]
Customizable_Skewed_Funnel.scad:
```
// preview[view:south, tilt:top diagonal]

//*********Declaration of customization variables************

//What outer diameter should the large opening have?
Large_End_Diameter = 100;

//What outer diameter should the small opening have?
Small_End_Diameter = 20;

//How thick should the walls be?
Wall_Thickness = 2; // [1:5]

//What's the overall height of the funnel?
Funnel_Height = 100;

//How tall should the band on the top be before the funnel begins?
Top_Band = 10;

//How long should the spout on the bottom be after the funnel ends?
Bottom_Spout_Length = 5;

//How much offset between the middle of the top and bottom of the funnel?
Offset = 30;

//**********Assignment of customization vars to original scad vars***

spout_or = Small_End_Diameter/2;  //outer radius of bottom opening / spout
wall = Wall_Thickness; //wall thickness
flare_percentage = Large_End_Diameter / Small_End_Diameter * 100; // ratio of funnel opening (top) to spout (bottom), expressed as percentage
height = Funnel_Height; //total height
bottom_band=Bottom_Spout_Length;

res = 100/2; //resolution for cylinders
plane = 0.01/1;

//**********calculated variables*******************

spout_ir = spout_or - wall;
top_or = spout_or*flare_percentage/100;
top_ir = top_or - wall;

h1 = bottom_band;
h2 = height - Top_Band;
funnel_rise = height - bottom_band - Top_Band;
hi_adjust_ang = atan((top_or-spout_or)/funnel_rise)/2;
hi_adjust = wall*tan(hi_adjust_ang);
skew=Offset/funnel_rise;

//**********begin build****************************

translate([0,0,height])mirror([0,0,1])
//union()
//{
//difference(){
//}
difference(){

//**********outer shape****************************

union(){

translate([-Offset,0,0])cylinder(h=bottom_band,r=spout_or,$fn=res);
translate([0,0,h1])
translate([0,0,funnel_rise])
multmatrix(m = [ [1, 0, skew , 0],
                 [0, 1, 0, 0],
                 [0, 0, 1, 0],
                 [0, 0, 0,  1]
               ])
translate([0,0,-funnel_rise])
cylinder(h=funnel_rise,r1=spout_or,r2=top_or,$fn=res);

translate([0,0,h2])cylinder(h=Top_Band,r=top_or,$fn=res);

}

//**********inner shape****************************

union(){

translate([-Offset,0,0])cylinder(h=bottom_band+plane+hi_adjust,r=spout_ir,$fn=res);
translate([0,0,h1+hi_adjust])
translate([0,0,funnel_rise])
multmatrix(m = [ [1, 0, skew , 0],
                 [0, 1, 0, 0],
                 [0, 0, 1, 0],
                 [0, 0, 0,  1]
               ])
translate([0,0,-funnel_rise]){
cylinder(h=funnel_rise,r1=spout_ir,r2=top_ir,$fn=res);
}
translate([0,0,h2])cylinder(h=Top_Band+hi_adjust+plane,r=top_ir,$fn=res);
//translate([-2*Large_End_Diameter,0,0])cube([4*Large_End_Diameter,Large_End_Diameter,Funnel_Height]); //cut for inspection of inner geometry

}
}

```


[User]
Hey, I've been having some stringing issues with my 3D printer and I made this little SCAD file to help me test and dial in my settings. I wanted to see if you could create a more robust version that's a bit more flexible and feature-rich.

Here's what my current design does: It creates two rectangular towers separated by a specific distance, all sitting on a base plate. It also includes a text label that shows the test gap distance, centered in the gap between the towers.

I'd like to be able to customize the following:

*   **Margin:** The empty space around the entire test piece.
*   **Base Thickness:** The thickness of the base plate that the towers sit on.
*   **Distance:** The distance between the two towers. This is the gap I'm actually testing.
*   **Tower Width:** The width of each of the two towers.
*   **Tower Depth:** The depth of each of the two towers.
*   **Tower Height:** The height of each of the two towers.
* **Text Height:** The height of the extruded text label.

Here are a few specific things I'd like the new design to have:

1.  **Multiple Gaps:** Instead of just one gap distance, I'd like to be able to specify a *list* of distances. The design should then generate a series of tower pairs each with a different gap from the list, all on a single base. I'd prefer if these were laid out linearly, so that each test distance is easily seen in a row.
2.  **Text Labels for Each Gap:** Each gap should have its own text label, just like in my original design, but with the corresponding gap distance.
3.  **Base Plate Extends:** The base plate should extend to under all of the towers. This means the base plate will be wider with multiple gaps than with a single gap.
4.  **Optional Text:** Make the text optional using a parameter, with the text defaulting to on if no parameter is given.
5. **Parameter Limits:** It would be cool if there was an easy way to define max and min values for any of the parameters. The way I did it in my example was simple, but I'd be interested in what you would do here.
6. **Units:** Make sure the units are in millimeters, this is very important.

I'm not concerned about which library you use (if any), but I'd like to know if you intend to include them. I think this is a pretty basic use case and should be able to be accomplished with just OpenSCAD. Let me know if you need any clarifications!

[Assistant]
gaptest.scad:
```
// preview[view:south, tilt:top diagonal]

// Extra space around the test (mm)
margin=2; // [0:10]

// Thickness of the bottom plate (mm)
base_thickness=0.4;

// Distance between the two towers (i.e. the distance to be tested) (mm)
distance=20; // [1:150]

// Width of the two towers (mm)
tower_width=4; // [1:10]

// Depth of the two towers (mm)
tower_depth=7; // [1:20]

// Height of the two towers (mm)
tower_height=9; // [0:100]

text_height = 1*1;

total_width = margin + tower_width + distance + tower_width + margin;
total_depth = margin + tower_depth + margin;

translate([0,0,-base_thickness]) cube([total_width,total_depth,base_thickness]);
translate([margin,margin,0]) cube([tower_width,tower_depth,tower_height]);
translate([margin+tower_width+distance,margin,0]) cube([tower_width,tower_depth,tower_height]);

linear_extrude(text_height) translate([total_width/2,margin,0]) resize([distance,tower_depth,0]) text(str("<",distance,"mm>"),halign="center");

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like a new OpenSCAD design for a customizable base plate, kind of like the one in that file I gave you (admg_non_curl_base.scad), but I want it to be a bit more robust and allow for more flexibility. The main idea is to create a base that won't curl up during printing, especially at the corners.

Here's what I'm thinking:

1.  **Basic Shape:** The base should be a rectangular cuboid, but its dimensions (width, depth, and height) need to be parametric. I need to be able to specify those easily. So `base_width_x`, `base_depth_y`, `base_height_z` are good names for those parameters.
2.  **Waffle Grid:** Instead of just a flat base, I want a waffle-like grid of cutouts on the bottom to reduce the amount of continuous flat surface area. That seems to be the core concept here. The cutouts should be rectangular, and the spacing and size of these cutouts need to be configurable. So maybe `x_segments` and `y_segments` to control the number of cutouts along each dimension, and a `thickness` parameter to control both the thickness of the base itself and the width of the supports between the cutouts. This way the cutouts will adjust to the `base_width_x`, `base_depth_y` and `thickness`.
3. **Support Structure:** Instead of the cylinders used in the original example, I would prefer to use some other structure for support posts. I don't have a specific idea about the best type of structure here, but it should be something that is easy to print and offers support to the base while not increasing the likelihood of warping. They should be evenly spaced in the waffle pattern, where the intersection of the grid would occur, so you will need a way to determine the `xpos` and `ypos` of the supports.
4. **Corner Reinforcements**: It would be great to add some extra structure, or reinforcement to the corners, since this is the area that will have the most tendency to curl. Maybe we can add a rounded corner structure to add some extra support, or to change the rate of heat transfer from the corners. Let's try a chamfered corner to start with.
5.  **Parametric Control:** All the dimensions, especially the number of waffle segments, should be controlled by parameters at the top of the file. I should be able to change any of these parameters without having to dig into the code too deeply.
6.  **No Imported Models:** I don't need to import external STL files in this case.
7. **Library Usage**: I am not asking for anything too complex, so no external libraries should be required.

I'm not sure about the best way to do the corner structures, but I'm happy to experiment with some options. I think the core of what I'm looking for here is the base, waffle grid, and support structures. Let me know if you need any more information.

[Assistant]
admg_non_curl_base.scad:
```
// Customisable non-curl base plate
// v1.0
// (c)Alex Gibson 30/04/2015
// admg consultancy
// Please credit any use, and tweet @alexgibson3d

//model_name = "House_Scale_1-87_repaired.stl";
//resize_model_percent = 80;

base_width_x = 150;
base_depth_y = 100;
base_height_z = 10;

thickness = 1.5;
tower_radius = 1.5*thickness;

x_segments = 5;//	[0:6]
y_segments = 4;//	[0:6]

$fn=50;

x_space = (base_width_x-thickness)/x_segments;
y_space = (base_depth_y-thickness)/y_segments;

waffle_cutout_x = (base_width_x-(thickness*(x_segments+1)))/x_segments;
waffle_cutout_y = (base_depth_y-(thickness*(y_segments+1)))/y_segments;

//translate([0,0,-0.01])
//	scale([resize_model_percent/100,resize_model_percent/100,resize_model_percent/100])
//		import(model_name);

module base_block()
	{
	translate([0,0,-base_height_z/2])
		cube([base_width_x,base_depth_y,base_height_z],center=true);
	}

xpos_limit_squares = (x_segments/2)-0.5;
ypos_limit_squares = (y_segments/2)-0.5;

echo ("xpos_limit_squares =", xpos_limit_squares);
echo ("ypos_limit_squares =", ypos_limit_squares);

xpos_limit_cones = (x_segments/2);
ypos_limit_cones = (y_segments/2);

module base_waffle_cutouts()
	{
	for
		(
		xpos = [-(x_space*xpos_limit_squares) : x_space : x_space*xpos_limit_squares],
		ypos = [-(y_space*ypos_limit_squares) : y_space : y_space*ypos_limit_squares]
		)
			translate([xpos, ypos,-(base_height_z/2+thickness)])
				cube([waffle_cutout_x,waffle_cutout_y,base_height_z],center = true);

	}

module base_waffle()
	{
	difference()
		{
		base_block();
		base_waffle_cutouts();
		}
	}

module cones()
	{
	for
		(
		xpos = [-(x_space*xpos_limit_cones) : x_space : x_space*xpos_limit_cones],
		ypos = [-(y_space*ypos_limit_cones) : y_space : y_space*ypos_limit_cones]
		)
			translate([xpos, ypos, -(base_height_z/2+thickness/2)])
				cylinder(base_height_z-thickness,tower_radius,thickness/2,center = true);
	}
module cones2()
	{
	for
		(
		xpos = [-(x_space*xpos_limit_cones) : x_space : x_space*xpos_limit_cones],
		ypos = [-(y_space*ypos_limit_cones) : y_space : y_space*ypos_limit_cones]
		)
			translate([xpos, ypos, -(base_height_z/2+thickness)])
				cylinder(base_height_z-thickness,tower_radius-thickness/2,0,center = true);
	}

module waffle_with_cones()
	{
	difference()
		{
		union()
			{
			base_waffle();
			cones();
			}
		cones2();
		}
	}

//cones();

waffle_with_cones();

```