[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a customizable bushing mounting block, similar to the SC8UU linear bearing blocks, but for use with bushings instead of linear bearings. I've seen a few designs out there, but I want something highly customizable that I can adjust for different bushings and mounting setups. I’m hoping to get a parametric design that will allow me to swap out various settings easily.

Here are the core requirements:

1.  **Bushing Compatibility:** The design should accept a range of bushings. I need to be able to specify inner diameter, outer diameter, length, and optionally a flange with its outer diameter and height. It should handle bushings with and without flanges. The code will need a function to get bushing parameters. Maybe use some kind of lookup table for some common bushings?

2.  **SC8UU Footprint:** The mounting block should be the same size as a standard SC8UU block (like [this](http://3dprinter.my/reprap/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/SCS8uu-spec.jpg)), to allow for direct replacement. I will need to set things like the width, length, and height of the block, as well as the positions of the mounting holes.

3.  **Mounting Options:** I need to be able to choose different mounting options based on the project, like single or double bushing configurations, and also to mount bushings in the middle of the block or at the ends. Endstop mounting options would also be useful.

4.  **Clamp Mechanism:** There should be two clamping options for securing the bushing. One option is a torus-shaped clamp that provides pressure around the bushing. The second is a clamp that uses a rubber ring (like 1.75mm filament) that presses against the bushing wall. Both options should allow adjustment before tightening.

5.  **Material Thickness:** I need to be able to specify the thickness of the block walls, clamp walls, and the gap between the bushing and the clamp mechanism. This should provide adjustment for material properties.

6.  **Oiling Option:** It would be great to have an option for an integrated oiling block, to allow for lubrication of the rod. This block should have a small hole for filling oil.

7.  **Screw Mounts:** The design should include screw mounts for securing the block to a frame (like M4 screws), and another set of screws for the bushing clamp (like M3 screws), including parameters for things like nut size, trap depth, screw and washer diameters, etc.

8.  **Support Structures:** I would like the design to be suitable for printing without supports where possible. I’d need to be able to specify maximum supportless angle, as well as support structure wall thickness and bridging thickness if supports must be added to the design.

9. **Customizability**: I want to be able to define the offset of the bushing from the edge of the block (both vertical offsets)

Here are some of the parameters that should be exposed for customization:

*   `part`:  A string selector to choose between left, left-endstop, right, right-endstop, double, left-double-endstop, right-double-endstop, left-slim, left-slim-endstop, right-slim, right-slim-endstop, left-middle, left-middle-endstop, right-middle-endstop.
*   `demo`: A yes/no option to display a demo version with all elements.
*   `clamp`: A string selector to choose between a "torus" shaped clamp and a "rubber" ring clamp.
*   `hole_tolerance`: Defines the clearance of holes for manufacturing tolerances
*   `bushing`: String selector for predefined bushings, like "140947", "140916", "140250", "141091", "b0812", "b081517", "b081208" or "custom", If "custom" selected then also custom bushing inner/outer diameter, length, flange outer diameter, and flange height
*   `rubber_ring_diameter`: Diameter of the rubber ring used in the rubber clamp
*   `oiling_block`: Enables/disables the oiling block
*   `endstop_sidewall_thickness`: Thickness of sidewall on endstop version
*   `bushing_wall_gap`: Gap between the bushing and the wall (for torus clamp)
*   `bushing_preload`: Preload for torus clamp
*   `bushing_clamp_ring_radius`: Radius for torus clamp
*    `bushing_y_offset1`: Bushing offset from the edge
*    `bushing_y_offset2`: Bushing offset from the edge (second offset in case of double configuration)
*   `bushing_wall`: Bushing holder thickness
*   `platform_height`: Height of the platform
*   `platform_screw_diameter`: Diameter of the platform mounting screws
*   `platform_nut_size`: Nut wrench size for the platform screws
*   `platform_nut_height`: Height of the platform nuts
*   `platform_nut_trap_depth`: Depth of the trap for the platform nuts
*    `clamp_screw_z_offset`: Offset of the clamp screw from the bushing
*   `clamp_wall`: Thickness of the clamp walls
*    `clamp_slot`: Width of the clamp slot
*   `clamp_thickness`: Thickness of the clamp
*   `clamp_nut_trap_depth`: Depth of the trap for the clamp nut
*   `clamp_screw_washer_diameter`: Diameter of the washer for the clamp screws
*   `clamp_screw_diameter`: Diameter of the clamp screws
*   `clamp_nut_size`: Nut wrench size for the clamp screws
*   `oiling_wall`: Thickness of the oiling block wall
*   `oiling_height`: Height from the bottom to the rod in the oiling block
*   `oiling_hole`: Hole diameter for oil filling
*   `supportless_angle`: Maximum angle for supportless printing
*   `support_wall_thickness`: Wall thickness for support structures
*   `bridge_thickness`: Thickness for bridging

I think that covers all of it. I'd like to generate a parametric set of .stl files to easily swap and test configurations. Could you generate OpenSCAD code for this?  I don't need any attached files (like included libraries), but please tell me which libraries are used.

[Assistant]
bushing-block.scad:
```
part = "left"; // [left,left-endstop,right,right-endstop,double,left-double-endstop,right-double-endstop,left-slim,left-slim-endstop,right-slim,right-slim-endstop,left-middle,left-middle-endstop,right-middle-endstop]

demo = "no"; // [yes,no]

clamp = "rubber"; // [torus:Torus shaped clamp,rubber:Rubber ring clamp]

// Clearance of the various holes, depends on the printer and slicer
hole_tolerance = .2; // [0:0.05:1]

// Select predefined bushing or use custom
bushing = "140947"; // [custom:Use Custom Bushing Parameters,140947:HC-Cargo 140947 (ID 8.02mm flanged),140916:HC-Cargo 140916 (ID 8.02mm),140250:HC-Cargo 140250 (ID 8.09mm),141091:HC-Cargo 141091 (ID 8.12mm flanged),b0812:SF-1 0812 8mm ID x 10mm OD x 12mm L PTFE-coated self-lubricating bushing,b081517:8x15x17 graphite-filled self-lubricating brass bushing,b081208:8x12x8 graphite-filled self-lubricating brass bushing]

rubber_ring_diameter=1.75;

oiling_block="yes"; // [yes,no]

/* [Custom bushing sizes - Cargo 140947 as example] */

// Inner diameter
custom_bushing_inner_diameter=8.02;
// Outer Diameter
custom_bushing_outer_diameter=11.5;
// Bushing length (including flange)
custom_bushing_length=9.98;
// Flange outer diameter, 0 to disable
custom_bushing_collar_outer_diameter=14.5;
// Flange height, 0 to disable
custom_bushing_collar_height=1.5;

/* [Advanced parameters] */

endstop_sidewall_thickness=4;

//For a torus shaped clamp
bushing_wall_gap=0.6;
bushing_preload=0.05;
//For a torus shaped clamp
bushing_clamp_ring_radius=10;
// Bushing offset from the edge
bushing_y_offset1=0.5;
bushing_y_offset2=1.5;
// Bushing holder thickness
bushing_wall=2.5;

platform_height=4;
// M4
platform_screw_diameter=4;
// Nut wrench size
platform_nut_size=7;
platform_nut_height=3.2;
platform_nut_trap_depth=2;

// Offset of the clamp screw from the bushing
clamp_screw_z_offset=1;
clamp_wall=3;
clamp_slot=4;
clamp_thickness=5;
clamp_nut_trap_depth=2;
clamp_screw_washer_diameter=6;

// M3
clamp_screw_diameter=3;
// Nut wrench size
clamp_nut_size=5.5;
//clamp_nut_height=2.4;

// Oiling block params

// Oiling block wall thickness
oiling_wall=1.5;
// Oiling block height from bottom to the rod
oiling_height=5;
// Hole for oil filling
oiling_hole=3;

// Printing support

supportless_angle=55;
support_wall_thickness=0.7;
bridge_thickness=0.4;

/* [Hidden] */

support_structures="yes"; // [yes,no]

// Orientation of the clamping screw cap
orientation = inarray(split(part,"-"),"left")?"left":"right";

// Position
position = inarray(split(part,"-"),"middle")?"middle":"side";

slim=inarray(split(part,"-"),"slim")?true:false;

// Number of bushings in the block
num_bushings = (inarray(split(part,"-"),"double")&&!slim)?2:1;

endstop_sidewall=inarray(split(part,"-"),"endstop")?true:false;

// SC8UU sizes - http://3dprinter.my/reprap/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/SCS8uu-spec.jpg
sc_width=34;
sc_length=30;
sc_height=22;
sc_holes=[24,18];
sc_center=11;
sc_G=18;
sc_T=6;
sc_I=7;
// Measured
sc_ww1=30;
// Measured
sc_ww2=14;
// Measured
sc_hh2=1;

bushings = [
    // [name, [ID, OD, length, flange OD, flange height]]
    // Custom bushing sizes
    [ "custom", [custom_bushing_inner_diameter,custom_bushing_outer_diameter,
        custom_bushing_length,custom_bushing_collar_outer_diameter,
        custom_bushing_collar_height]],
    // Cargo 140947, https://hc-cargo.com/com-en/catalog/p/140947--bushing
    [ "140947", [8.02,11.5,9.98,14.5,1.5]],
    // Cargo 140916, https://hc-cargo.com/com-en/catalog/p/140916--bushing
    [ "140916", [8.02,11.51,11.43,0,0]],
    // Cargo 140250, https://hc-cargo.com/com-en/catalog/p/140250--bushing
    [ "140250", [8.09,11.12,10,0,0]],
    // HC-Cargo 141091
    [ "141091", [8.12,11.55,9,14.1,1.5]],
    // SF-1 0812 8mm ID x 10mm 0D x 12mm L PTFE-coated self-lubricating bushing
    [ "b0812", [8,10,12,0,0]],
    // 8x15x17 graphite-filled self-lubricating brass bushing, not tested
    // https://www.aliexpress.com/wholesale?SearchText=8x15x17+graphite
    [ "b081517", [8,15,17,0,0]],
    // 8x12x8 graphite-filled self-lubricating brass bushing, not tested
    // https://www.aliexpress.com/wholesale?SearchText=081208+graphite
    [ "b081208", [8,12,8,0,0]],
];

bushing_sizes=get_bushing(bushing);
bushing_inner_diameter=bushing_sizes[0];
bushing_outer_diameter=bushing_sizes[1];
bushing_length=bushing_sizes[2];
bushing_collar_outer_diameter=bushing_sizes[3];
bushing_collar_height=bushing_sizes[4];

$fn=64;

// Calculated parameters

actual_bushing_wall=clamp=="rubber"
    ?max(1+rubber_ring_diameter/2,bushing_wall)
    :bushing_wall;

actual_bushing_wall_gap=clamp=="rubber"
    ?rubber_ring_diameter/2-bushing_preload+hole_tolerance
    :bushing_wall_gap;

actual_block_height=sc_center+bushing_outer_diameter/2+clamp_screw_z_offset+clamp_screw_diameter/2+hole_tolerance+clamp_nut_size/sqrt(3)+1;

actual_oiling_block=(oiling_block=="yes"&&!slim)?true:false;

actual_bushing_y_offset2=(slim||position=="middle")?bushing_y_offset1:bushing_y_offset2;

// Split function by Nathanaël Jourdane from https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1237203
function split(str, sep=" ", i=0, word="", v=[]) =
	i == len(str) ? concat(v, word) :
	str[i] == sep ? split(str, sep, i+1, "", concat(v, word)) :
	split(str, sep, i+1, str(word, str[i]), v);

// Find member in an array
function inarray(v, tok, ii=0) =
    ii == len(v)
        ?false
        :v[ii] == tok
            ?true
            :inarray(v,tok,ii+1);

// Fake associative array, see http://forum.openscad.org/feedback-let-echo-and-assert-in-expressions-tp19111p19311.html
function get_bushing(name, /**/ i=0) =
    i == len(bushings) ?
        undef
        : bushings[i][0] == name ?
            bushings[i][1]
            : get_bushing(name, i+1);

module reflect(v)
{
    children();
    mirror(v)
        children();
}

//bushing_shape(wall_offset=0,orientation="middle");
module bushing_shape(wall_offset=0,orientation="bottom")
{
//    translate([0,sc_length/2-bushing_y_offset1-actual_bushing_y_offset2-bushing_length-(wall_offset>0?0:.001)])
//        square([bushing_outer_diameter/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap+wall_offset,bushing_y_offset1+actual_bushing_y_offset2+bushing_length+(wall_offset>0?0:.002)]);

    difference() {
        // Bushing
        square([bushing_outer_diameter/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap+wall_offset,
            bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length+actual_bushing_y_offset2]);

        if (clamp=="torus") {
            // Torus shaped clamp
            translate([bushing_outer_diameter/2+hole_tolerance-bushing_preload+bushing_clamp_ring_radius+wall_offset,bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length/2]) {
                intersection() {
                    circle(r=bushing_clamp_ring_radius);
                    square([2*bushing_clamp_ring_radius,bushing_length],center=true);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Collar
    if (bushing_collar_outer_diameter && bushing_collar_height) {
        square([bushing_collar_outer_diameter/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap+wall_offset,
            bushing_y_offset1+bushing_collar_height]);

        // For supportless printing
        w1=bushing_collar_outer_diameter/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap+wall_offset;
        w2=bushing_outer_diameter/2-bushing_preload;
        h1=bushing_y_offset1+bushing_collar_height;
        polygon([[w1,h1],
            [w2,h1+(w1-w2)*tan(supportless_angle)],
            [w2,h1]]);
    }

    if (clamp=="rubber") {
        if (wall_offset==0) {
            // Rubber ring clamp
            translate([bushing_outer_diameter/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap,bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length/2]) {
                circle(d=rubber_ring_diameter);

                // For supportless printing
                if (orientation=="bottom") {
                    translate([sin(supportless_angle)*(rubber_ring_diameter/2),cos(supportless_angle)*(rubber_ring_diameter/2)])
                        rotate(180-supportless_angle)
                            square(rubber_ring_diameter);
                } else {
                    translate([sin(supportless_angle)*(rubber_ring_diameter/2),-cos(supportless_angle)*(rubber_ring_diameter/2)])
                        rotate(90+supportless_angle)
                            square(rubber_ring_diameter);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Protrusions for bushing insertion
    //protrusion=actual_oiling_block?1:sc_length+2;
    protrusion=1;
    if (wall_offset==0) {
        translate([0,-protrusion])
            square([max(bushing_collar_outer_diameter,bushing_outer_diameter)/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap,protrusion]);
        translate([0,bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length+actual_bushing_y_offset2])
            square([bushing_outer_diameter/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap,protrusion]);
    }
}

//clamp_shape(wall_offset=0);
module clamp_shape(wall_offset=0)
{
    if (position=="middle") {
        translate([0,-bushing_length/2-bushing_y_offset1])
            bushing_shape(wall_offset=wall_offset,orientation="bottom");

*        if (support_structures=="yes") {
            // Printing support
            ll=sc_length/2-bushing_y_offset1-bushing_length/2;
            ww=max(bushing_outer_diameter,bushing_collar_outer_diameter)/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap+wall_offset;
            a2=(wall_offset==0?1:-1)*min((bushing_wall-support_wall_thickness)/2,ll/tan(supportless_angle));

            translate([0,-bushing_y_offset1-bushing_length/2])
                polygon([
                    [0,-ll-(wall_offset?0:1)],
                    [ww+a2,-ll-(wall_offset?0:1)],
                    [ww+a2,-abs(a2)*tan(supportless_angle)],
                    [ww,.001],
                    [0,.001]
                ]);
        }
    } else {
        translate([0,-sc_length/2])
            bushing_shape(wall_offset=wall_offset,orientation="bottom");

        if (num_bushings==2) {
            translate([0,sc_length/2])
                mirror([0,1])
                    bushing_shape(wall_offset=wall_offset,orientation="top");

            if (support_structures=="yes") {
                // Printing support
                ll=sc_length-2*(bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length+actual_bushing_y_offset2);
                ww=bushing_outer_diameter/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap+wall_offset;
                a2=(wall_offset==0?1:-1)*min((bushing_wall-support_wall_thickness)/2,ll/tan(supportless_angle));

                polygon([
                    [0,-ll/2-.001],
                    [ww+a2,-ll/2-.001],
                    [ww+a2,ll/2-abs(a2)*tan(supportless_angle)],
                    [ww,ll/2+.001],
                    [0,ll/2+.001]
                ]);
            }
        }
    }
}

module clamp_body(wall_offset=0)
{
    translate([0,0,sc_center]) {
        rotate([-90,0,0]) {
            rotate_extrude() {
                clamp_shape(wall_offset);

*                if (wall_offset < actual_bushing_wall && num_bushings > 1) {
                    // Thinner walls between two bushings, only as a printing support
                    // XXX: simplify
                    thin=1;
                    thw_l=sc_length/2-(bushing_y_offset1+actual_bushing_y_offset2)-bushing_length;
                    thw_side=bushing_outer_diameter/2+actual_bushing_wall_gap;
                    thw_top=thw_side+min(actual_bushing_wall-thin,thw_l*tan(90-supportless_angle));
                    thw_delta=thw_top-thw_side;
                    polygon([[0,-thw_l],[thw_side,-thw_l],[thw_top,-thw_l+thw_delta*tan(supportless_angle)],[thw_top,thw_l-thw_delta*tan(supportless_angle)],[thw_side,thw_l],[0,thw_l]]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module clamp_screw_hole()
{
    rotate([0,90,0]) {
        cylinder(d=clamp_screw_diameter+2*hole_tolerance,h=sc_width,center=true);
        translate([0,0,clamp_slot/2+clamp_thickness-clamp_nut_trap_depth])
            cylinder(d=2*clamp_nut_size/sqrt(3)+2*hole_tolerance,h=bushing_outer_diameter,$fn=6);
        translate([0,0,-clamp_slot/2-clamp_thickness+clamp_nut_trap_depth-bushing_outer_diameter])
            cylinder(d=clamp_screw_washer_diameter+2*hole_tolerance,h=bushing_outer_diameter);
    }
}

module platform_screw_hole()
{
    translate([0,0,-1])
        cylinder(d=platform_screw_diameter+2*hole_tolerance,h=platform_height+2);
    translate([0,0,platform_height-platform_nut_trap_depth])
        cylinder(d=2*platform_nut_size/sqrt(3)+2*hole_tolerance,h=platform_nut_height+0.5,$fn=6);
}

module endstop_sidewall()
{
    clamp_offset=1;
    translate([0,-sc_length/2+endstop_sidewall_thickness]) {
        rotate([90,0,0]) {
            linear_extrude(height=endstop_sidewall_thickness) {
                difference() {
                    reflect([1,0,0])
                        polygon([[0,0],[0,sc_G],[sc_ww1/2,sc_G],
                            [sc_ww1/2,sc_I],[sc_width/2,sc_T],
                            [sc_width/2,0]]);

                    translate([0,sc_center])
                        circle(d=max(bushing_outer_diameter,bushing_collar_outer_diameter)+2*actual_bushing_wall_gap+2*actual_bushing_wall-(position=="middle"?actual_bushing_wall-support_wall_thickness:0)+2*clamp_offset);
                    translate([0,sc_center+clamp_ledge_height/2+clamp_offset])
                        square([2*clamp_thickness+clamp_slot+2*clamp_offset-(position=="middle"?clamp_thickness-support_wall_thickness:0),clamp_ledge_height+2*clamp_offset],center=true);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

clamp_ledge_height=actual_block_height-sc_center;
clamp_ledge_length=(num_bushings>1?sc_length:position=="middle"?(/*support_structures=="yes"?sc_length/2:*/bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length/2)+bushing_length/2+actual_bushing_y_offset2:bushing_y_offset1+actual_bushing_y_offset2+bushing_length);
clamp_ledge_y_pos=(position=="middle"/*&&support_structures!="yes"*/)?-bushing_length/2-bushing_y_offset1:-sc_length/2;

//clamp_ledge_shape();
module clamp_ledge_shape(protrude=false,)
{
    difference() {
        translate([0,clamp_ledge_y_pos-(protrude?1:0)])
            square([clamp_thickness/2,clamp_ledge_length+(protrude?2:0)]);

        if (num_bushings>1) {
            ll=sc_length-2*(bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length+actual_bushing_y_offset2);
            ww=clamp_thickness/2;
            a2=min((clamp_thickness-support_wall_thickness)/2,ll/tan(supportless_angle));

            if (support_structures=="yes") {
                polygon([
                    [ww+.001,-ll/2],
                    [ww-a2,-ll/2],
                    [ww-a2,ll/2-a2*tan(supportless_angle)],
                    [ww+.001,ll/2],
                ]);
            } else {
                translate([ww/2,0])
                    square([ww+2,ll],center=true);
            }
        }

        // Supports
*        if (support_structures=="yes" && position=="middle") {
            ll=sc_length/2-bushing_length/2-bushing_y_offset1;
            ww=clamp_thickness/2;
            a2=min((clamp_thickness-support_wall_thickness)/2,ll/tan(supportless_angle));

            polygon([
                [ww+.001,-sc_length/2-2],
                [ww-a2,-sc_length/2-2],
                [ww-a2,-sc_length/2+ll-a2*tan(supportless_angle)],
                [ww+.001,-sc_length/2+ll],
            ]);
        }
    }
}

//clamp_ledge();
module clamp_ledge()
{
    translate([0,0,sc_center]) {
        linear_extrude(height=clamp_ledge_height) {
            reflect([1,0,0]) {
                translate([clamp_slot/2+clamp_thickness/2,0,0])
                    clamp_ledge_shape(protrude=false);
                difference() {
                    translate([0,clamp_ledge_y_pos])
                        square([clamp_thickness/2+clamp_slot/2,clamp_ledge_length]);

                    if (num_bushings>1 && support_structures!="yes")
                        translate([-1,-sc_length/2+bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length+actual_bushing_y_offset2])
                            square([clamp_thickness/2+clamp_slot/2+1,sc_length-2*(bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length+actual_bushing_y_offset2)]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//clamp_ledge_slot();
module clamp_ledge_slot()
{
    translate([0,0,sc_center-1]) {
        linear_extrude(height=clamp_ledge_height+2) {
            difference() {
                translate([-clamp_thickness/2-clamp_slot/2,clamp_ledge_y_pos-1])
                    square([clamp_thickness+clamp_slot,clamp_ledge_length+2]);

                reflect([1,0,0])
                    translate([-clamp_slot/2-clamp_thickness/2,0,0])
                        clamp_ledge_shape(protrude=true);
            }
        }
    }
}

oiling_length=(num_bushings==1?(position=="middle"?sc_length/2-bushing_length/2-actual_bushing_y_offset2-oiling_wall:sc_length-(bushing_y_offset1+actual_bushing_y_offset2)-bushing_length-oiling_wall):sc_length-4*bushing_y_offset1-2*bushing_length);
oiling_width=min(bushing_outer_diameter+2*actual_bushing_wall_gap,sc_holes[0]-2*platform_nut_size/sqrt(3)-oiling_wall);
oiling_wall_height=sc_center;
oiling_ypos=(num_bushings==1?(position=="middle"?bushing_length/2+actual_bushing_y_offset2:-sc_length/2+(bushing_y_offset1+actual_bushing_y_offset2)+bushing_length):-oiling_length/2);

module oiling_block_cutout()
{
    echo(str("Oiling block size: ",oiling_width," x ",oiling_length," x ",oiling_height));

    translate([-oiling_width/2,oiling_ypos,sc_center-bushing_inner_diameter/2-oiling_height])
        cube([oiling_width,oiling_length,oiling_height+bushing_inner_diameter/2+.001]);
    // Hole for oil filling
    hole_y_pos=min(oiling_ypos+oiling_length/2,sc_holes.y/2-platform_nut_size/sqrt(3)-oiling_hole/2);
    if (hole_y_pos>=oiling_ypos+oiling_hole/2) {
        translate([0,hole_y_pos,max(platform_height,oiling_wall_height-bushing_inner_diameter/2-oiling_height)+oiling_hole/2])
            rotate([0,-90,0])
                cylinder(d=oiling_hole,h=oiling_width+2*oiling_wall+2);
    }
}

module oiling_block()
{
    if (num_bushings==1) {
        difference() {
            translate([-oiling_width/2-oiling_wall,oiling_ypos-oiling_wall,0])
                cube([oiling_width+2*oiling_wall,oiling_length+2*oiling_wall,oiling_wall_height]);
*           translate([-oiling_width/2,oiling_ypos+oiling_length-1,sc_center-bushing_inner_diameter/2-1])
                cube([oiling_width,oiling_wall+2,bushing_inner_diameter/2+2]);
            translate([0,oiling_ypos+oiling_length+bridge_thickness,sc_center])
                rotate([-90,0,0])
                    cylinder(d=bushing_inner_diameter+2,h=oiling_wall+2);
        }
    } else {
        translate([-oiling_width/2-oiling_wall,oiling_ypos-oiling_wall,0])
            cube([oiling_width+2*oiling_wall,oiling_length+2*oiling_wall,oiling_wall_height]);
    }
}

actual_platform_len=slim?max(bushing_y_offset1+bushing_length+actual_bushing_y_offset2,sc_length-sc_holes.y):sc_length;

//part();
module part()
{
    difference() {
        union() {
            // Platform
            translate([-sc_width/2,-sc_length/2,0])
                cube([sc_width,actual_platform_len,platform_height]);

            // Bushing walls
            clamp_body(wall_offset=actual_bushing_wall);

            // Clamp ledge
            clamp_ledge();

            // Endstop ledge
            if (endstop_sidewall)
                endstop_sidewall();

            // Oiling block walls
            if (actual_oiling_block)
                oiling_block();
        }

        // SC8UU bottom slot
        /*
        translate([0,0,sc_hh2/2-0.5])
            cube([sc_ww2,sc_length+2,sc_hh2+1],center=true);
        */
        // Hole for bushing
        clamp_body(wall_offset=0);

        // Platform screw holes
        reflect([1,0,0])
            reflect([0,1,0])
                translate([sc_holes[0]/2,sc_holes[1]/2,0])
                    platform_screw_hole();

        clamp_ledge_slot();

        // Clamp screw holes
        for (yy=(num_bushings==1?[-1]:[-1,1])) {
            translate([0,yy*(sc_length/2-bushing_y_offset1-bushing_collar_height-(bushing_length-bushing_collar_height)/2)+(position=="middle"?sc_length/2-bushing_y_offset1-bushing_length/2:0),sc_center+bushing_outer_diameter/2+clamp_screw_z_offset+clamp_screw_diameter/2])
                clamp_screw_hole();
        }

        // Oiling block
        if (actual_oiling_block)
            oiling_block_cutout();
    }
}

module print()
{
    translate([0,0,sc_length/2])
        rotate([90,0,0])
            mirror([orientation=="left"?0:1,0,0])
                part();
}

module bushing()
{
    difference() {
        union() {
            translate([0,0,bushing_collar_height])
                cylinder(d=bushing_outer_diameter,h=bushing_length-bushing_collar_height);
            cylinder(d=bushing_collar_outer_diameter,h=bushing_collar_height);
        }
        translate([0,0,-1])
            cylinder(d=bushing_inner_diameter,h=bushing_length+2);
    }
}

module demo()
{
    difference() {
        mirror([orientation=="left"?0:1,0,0])
            part();
        translate([0,0,sc_center+.001])
            rotate(180)
                cube(20);
    }
    for (mm=(num_bushings==1?[1]:[0,1])) {
        mirror([0,mm,0]) {
*            translate([0,sc_length/2-bushing_y_offset1,sc_center])
                rotate([90,0,0])
                    color("sienna",0.3)
                        bushing();
            if (clamp=="rubber")
                color("gray")
                    translate([0,sc_length/2-bushing_y_offset1-bushing_length/2,sc_center])
                        rotate([90,0,0])
                            rotate(90+40)
                                rotate_extrude(angle=280)
                                    translate([bushing_outer_diameter/2-bushing_preload+rubber_ring_diameter/2+hole_tolerance,0])
                                        circle(d=rubber_ring_diameter);
        }
    }

}

if (demo=="yes")
    demo();
else if (part == "bushing")
    bushing();
else
    print();

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a set of tapered rings that I can use as cutting guides for model rocket body tubes.  I need them to be parametric so I can adjust the dimensions for different tube sizes.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Tube Diameter (diam):**  This is the outer diameter of the rocket tube the guide will fit on. I need to be able to set this precisely. I'll be using standard Estes tubes, but it would be great if it was flexible enough for other sizes too.
*   **Wall Thickness (wall_th):**  The thickness of the ring itself. I need this to be adjustable so the rings are sturdy enough.
*   **Guide Height (height):**  The overall height of the ring.
*   **Taper Angle (slope):** This will control how much the outer edge tapers, from a flat cylinder to a more dramatic angle. A value of 0 means no taper and should be allowed.

The idea is that the ring will have an inner diameter that matches the tube and an outer tapered diameter. The taper should start at a set height from the top of the ring.

I also need to ensure the ring is easy to print, so I don't want any super thin features.  Is there anything you need me to clarify before generating the OpenSCAD file?

[Assistant]
Customizable_rocket_tube_circumference_guide.scad:
```
// Copyright 2017 Arthur Davis (thingiverse.com/artdavis)
// This file is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
// International License.
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//
// Tapered rings that may be conveniently used as cutting/marking
// guides about the circumference of rocket body tubes.
//
// Outer diameters for Estes body tubes
// Ref: http://www.estesrockets.com
// BT-5: 13.8mm
// BT-20: 18.7mm // set diam=19.3
// BT-50: 24.8mm // set diam=25.4
// BT-55: 34.0mm
// BT-60: 42.0mm

// Optimize view for Makerbot Customizer:
// preview[view:south east, tilt:top diagonal]

// Body Tube Outer Diameter
diam = 19.3; // [5:0.1:60]
// Wall thickness
wall_th = 4.0; // [1:0.1:10]
// Height of the guide from top to bottom
height = 10.0; // [1:0.1:40]
// Slope angle of the taper in degrees (0 is no taper)
slope = 45.0; // [0:5:70]

/* [Hidden] */
// Special variables for facets/arcs
$fn = 48;
// Overlap offset for improved CSG operations
delta = 0.1;
// Outer diameter of the guide
od = diam + 2*wall_th;
// Height of the taper
tht = tan(slope) * wall_th;

difference() {
    union() {
        // Base cylinder
        cylinder(h=height - tht, d=od);
        translate(v = [0, 0, height - tht]) {
            // Taper
            cylinder(h=tht, d1=od, d2=diam);
        }
    }
    // Center hole
    cylinder(h=2*(height + delta), d=diam, center=true);
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design some flat spinner caps for different types of bearings, and I'm hoping you can help me generate the OpenSCAD code for it. I need it to be parametric so I can easily adjust things like the cap thickness, diameter, and bearing type. I want the code to generate a grid of caps, based on a specified quantity.

Here are the specific requirements:

*   **Bearing Support:** The design should support a wide range of standard bearing sizes, specifically including but not limited to: 606, 607, 608, 609, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 683, 688, 689, 696, 697, 698, 6000, 6001, 6003, 6005, 6801, 6804, 6805, 6901, 6902, 6903, 6904, 6905, 6906, 6908, 18, 27, 29, 101, 103, 105, 200, 201, 80016, 80017, 80018, 80019, 80023, 80024, 80025, 80026, 80027, 80028, 80029, 80100, 180016, 180017, 180018, 180019, 180023, 180024, 180025, 180026, 180027, 180028, 180029, 180100, 180101, 180102, 180103, 180104, 180200, 180201, 1000083, 1000088, 1000096, 1000097, 1000098, 1000801, 1000804, 1000805, 1000900, 1000901, 1000902, 1000903, 1000904, 1000905, 1000906, and 1000908. I'd like a function or module to easily return bearing dimensions given the bearing model number.

*   **Cap Dimensions:**
    *   There should be a minimum cap diameter (`dMin`) and if the 2/3 of the bearing's outer diameter is greater, use that as a minimum diameter.
    *   The overall cap thickness (`tCap`) should be adjustable.
   *    There will be a small rim on the inner diameter for a snug fit. This width (`wRim`) should be a percentage of the difference between the bearing's outer and inner diameters. The rim's thickness (`tRim`) should be defined separately.
    *   There should also be an option to include a slot through the center of the cap, I would like a `slot` variable with a boolean value to control this.

*   **Tolerance:**  A tolerance value (`o`) should be used to make the inner diameter of the cap slightly smaller than the bearing's inner diameter, ensuring a snug fit.

*   **Quantity and Layout:** The code needs to generate a specified number of caps (`qty`) arranged in a grid. The number of rows and columns should be automatically calculated based on the quantity. Each cap should be spaced out from the others by an amount proportional to the overall diameter of each cap.

*   **Code Structure:** I would prefer a structured and modular approach. Specifically, I'd like:
    *   A module named `flat_cap()` that generates a single cap.
    *   A module named `many_caps()` that handles the grid layout.
    *   A function named `bearingDimensions()` that returns an array of `[inner dia, outer dia, width]` for a given bearing model.

I'm not really concerned about specific library usage. I just need the code to work in OpenSCAD, and ideally be easy to modify in the future. Let me know if you have any other questions!

[Assistant]
spinner_flat_cap.scad:
```
// minimal diameter of cap, for default 2/3 of outer bearing dimension
dMin  = 19;
// thickness of cap
tCap  = 1.6;
// model of bearing
model = 608;
// quantity
qty   = 2;
// tolerance > 0 for snug fit
o     = 0.03;
// true for slot
slot  = true;

dIn   = bearingDimensions(model)[0]+o;
dOut  = bearingDimensions(model)[1];
h     = bearingDimensions(model)[2];

$fn   = 100;
zero  = 0.001;

wRim  = 0.1*(dOut-dIn);
tRim  = 0.5;

m     = ceil(sqrt(qty));
n     = ceil(qty/m);

d     = max(dMin, dOut*2/3);
w     = tCap/3/sin(60);

echo(dIn,dOut,h,d);

many_caps();

module many_caps()
{
for(x=[0:m-1],y=[0:n-1])
  translate([x*(d+1),y*(d+1),h/2+tCap+tRim]) rotate([180,0,0]) flat_cap();
}

module flat_cap()
{
  difference()
  {  union()
     {
      translate([0,0,o])        cylinder(d1=dIn-w, d2=dIn, h=tCap/3);
      translate([0,0,o+tCap/3]) cylinder(d=dIn, h=h/2-tCap/3-o);
     }
     if(slot)
     {
       translate([-w/4,-dIn/2-zero,o-zero])
          cube([w/2,dIn+2*zero,h/2-o]);
       translate([-dIn/2-zero,-w/4,o-zero])
          cube([dIn+2*zero,w/2,h/2-o]);
     }
  }
  translate([0,0,h/2])               cylinder(d=dIn+2*wRim, h=tRim);
  translate([0,0,h/2+tRim])          cylinder(d1=d-w,d2=d, h=tCap/3);
  translate([0,0,h/2+tRim+tCap/3])   cylinder(d=d, h=tCap/3);
  translate([0,0,h/2+tRim+tCap*2/3]) cylinder(d1=d,d2=d-1.5*w, h=tCap/3);
}

// Bearing dimensions
// model == XXX ? [inner dia, outer dia, width]:
function bearingDimensions(model,mm=1) =
  model == 606      ? [ 6*mm, 17*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 607      ? [ 7*mm, 19*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 608      ? [ 8*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 609      ? [ 9*mm, 24*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 623      ? [ 3*mm, 10*mm,  4*mm ]:
  model == 624      ? [ 4*mm, 13*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 625      ? [ 5*mm, 16*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 626      ? [ 6*mm, 19*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 627      ? [ 7*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 628      ? [ 8*mm, 24*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 629      ? [ 9*mm, 26*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 683      ? [ 3*mm, 7 *mm,  2*mm ]:
  model == 688      ? [ 8*mm, 16*mm,  4*mm ]:
  model == 689      ? [ 9*mm, 17*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 696      ? [ 6*mm, 15*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 697      ? [ 7*mm, 17*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 698      ? [ 8*mm, 19*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 6000     ? [10*mm, 26*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 6001     ? [12*mm, 28*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 6003     ? [17*mm, 35*mm, 10*mm ]:
  model == 6005     ? [25*mm, 47*mm, 12*mm ]:
  model == 6801     ? [12*mm, 21*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 6804     ? [20*mm, 32*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 6805     ? [25*mm, 37*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 6901     ? [12*mm, 24*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 6902     ? [15*mm, 28*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 6903     ? [17*mm, 30*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 6904     ? [20*mm, 37*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 6905     ? [25*mm, 42*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 6906     ? [30*mm, 47*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 6908     ? [40*mm, 62*mm, 12*mm ]:
  model == 18       ? [ 8*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 27       ? [ 7*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 29       ? [ 9*mm, 26*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 101      ? [12*mm, 28*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 103      ? [17*mm, 35*mm, 10*mm ]:
  model == 105      ? [25*mm, 47*mm, 12*mm ]:
  model == 200      ? [10*mm, 30*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 201      ? [12*mm, 32*mm, 10*mm ]:
  model == 80016    ? [ 6*mm, 17*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 80017    ? [ 7*mm, 19*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 80018    ? [ 8*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 80019    ? [ 9*mm, 24*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 80023    ? [ 3*mm, 10*mm,  4*mm ]:
  model == 80024    ? [ 4*mm, 13*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 80025    ? [ 5*mm, 16*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 80026    ? [ 6*mm, 19*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 80027    ? [ 7*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 80028    ? [ 8*mm, 24*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 80029    ? [ 9*mm, 26*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 80100    ? [10*mm, 26*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 180016   ? [ 6*mm, 17*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 180017   ? [ 7*mm, 19*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 180018   ? [ 8*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 180019   ? [ 9*mm, 24*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 180023   ? [ 3*mm, 10*mm,  4*mm ]:
  model == 180024   ? [ 4*mm, 13*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 180025   ? [ 5*mm, 16*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 180026   ? [ 6*mm, 19*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 180027   ? [ 7*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 180028   ? [ 8*mm, 24*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 180029   ? [ 9*mm, 26*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 180100   ? [10*mm, 26*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 180101   ? [12*mm, 28*mm,  8*mm ]:
  model == 180102   ? [15*mm, 32*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 180103   ? [17*mm, 35*mm, 10*mm ]:
  model == 180104   ? [20*mm, 42*mm, 12*mm ]:
  model == 180200   ? [10*mm, 30*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 180201   ? [12*mm, 32*mm, 10*mm ]:
  model == 1000083  ? [ 3*mm,  7*mm,  2*mm ]:
  model == 1000088  ? [ 8*mm, 16*mm,  4*mm ]:
  model == 1000096  ? [ 6*mm, 15*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 1000097  ? [ 7*mm, 17*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 1000098  ? [ 8*mm, 19*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 1000801  ? [12*mm, 21*mm,  5*mm ]:
  model == 1000804  ? [20*mm, 32*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 1000805  ? [25*mm, 37*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 1000900  ? [10*mm, 22*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 1000901  ? [12*mm, 24*mm,  6*mm ]:
  model == 1000902  ? [15*mm, 28*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 1000903  ? [17*mm, 30*mm,  7*mm ]:
  model == 1000904  ? [20*mm, 37*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 1000905  ? [25*mm, 42*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 1000906  ? [30*mm, 47*mm,  9*mm ]:
  model == 1000908  ? [40*mm, 62*mm, 12*mm ]:
                      [ 8*mm, 22*mm,  7*mm ]; // this is the default

```


[User]
Okay, I've got this idea for a 3D printing torture test, something that really pushes the limits of bridging and overhangs. I want to create a structure with multiple layers, each layer having a different number of points and a different offset angle, kind of like a twisted, multi-layered star. The layers will be connected by lines going down to previous layers, creating some extreme overhangs and bridging challenges. I think it could be a real test for printer calibration.

Here's what I'm thinking in terms of parameters that I'd like to be able to tweak:

*   **Overall Model Parameters:**
    *   `numberLayers`: The number of layers, say between 2 and 7 for starters, maybe with an integer default of 4.
    *   `objectRadius`: The radius of the largest layer, adjustable from 20 to 300, in increments of 5 units, maybe with a default of 50.
    *   `layerHeight`: The height of each layer, adjustable from 1 to 20 units, integer default of 15.

*   **Line Parameters:**
    *   `lineThickness`: The thickness of the lines connecting the layers, from 1 to 5, with a default of 3.
    *   `resolution`: Number of sides for a cross cut of the line so it is reasonably circular, maybe from 4 to 30, with an integer default of 15

*   **Per-Layer Parameters (Layer 1 to 7):**
    *   `numPointsLayerX`: Number of points in this layer (between 3 and 10, integer values), and each layer would need it's own value of this kind.
    *   `offsetAngleX`: Offset angle of the points from the X axis, adjustable from 0 to 90 in increments of 5, for each layer.
    *   `spanX`: The number of previous layers this layer connects to. Adjustable from 0 to 7 with a default of 1 for layers 2 to 7, and a default of 0 for layer 1.
	*   `colorX`: The color of the lines connecting this layer. Each layer would need a different color, perhaps by a named constant.

I'd like to use named color values like "Indigo", "Blue", "ForestGreen", "Crimson", "Peru", "Moccasin", "LightSeaGreen", "LightCyan", "Linen", and "Azure". I'd also like the default value to change per layer. I figure that there are 7 layers maximum; I'd like them to default to Indigo, Blue, Moccasin, Crimson, Peru, Moccasin and LightSeaGreen.

I envision that this would have a sort of "tree branch" or "twisted star" type of look.

Essentially, the script should:

1.  Calculate the radius for each layer based on `objectRadius` and `numberLayers`.
2.  Generate the points on each layer using `numPointsLayerX`, the radius and `offsetAngleX`.
3.  Connect each point on each layer to the corresponding point on the previous `spanX` layers below it. The connection point would also move along the previous layer.
4.  Render the connecting lines as rounded cylinders (`hull` of `spheres`) with specified `lineThickness`.
5.  Use named color for each layer's lines.

I think that should do it. Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I'm not using any libraries beyond what is included in OpenSCAD. It would be really neat to generate this torture test model parametrically.

[Assistant]
3D_Printer_Torture_-_Bridging_and_Overhangs.scad:
```
/* [A - Model] */
// Number of layers
numberLayers = 4; // [2:7]
// Radius of largest layer
objectRadius = 50; // [20:5:300]
// Height of each layer
layerHeight = 15; // [1:20]

/* [B - Lines] */
lineThickness = 3; // [1:5]
// Number of sides a cross cut of the line will have.
resolution = 15; // [4:30]

/* [C - Layer 1] */
// Layer 1 - Number of Points
numPointsLayer1 = 3; // [3:10]
// Layer 1 - Offset Angle From X Axis
offsetAngle1 = 0; // [0:5:90]
// Layer 1 - Span (# of Previous Layers to connect to)
span1 = 0; // [0:7]
// Layer 1 - Color
color1 = "Indigo"; //  [Indigo,Blue,ForestGreen,Crimson,Peru,Moccasin,LightSeaGreen,LightCyan,Linen,Azure]

/* [D - Layer 2] */
// Layer 2 - Number of Points
numPointsLayer2 = 4; // [3:10]
// Layer 2 - Offset Angle From X Axis
offsetAngle2 = 15; // [0:5:90]
// Layer 2 - Span (# of Previous Layers to connect to)
span2 = 1; // [0:7]
// Layer 2 - Color
color2 = "Blue"; //  [Indigo,Blue,ForestGreen,Crimson,Peru,Moccasin,LightSeaGreen,LightCyan,Linen,Azure]

/* [E - Layer 3] */
// Layer 3 - Number of Points
numPointsLayer3 = 5; // [3:10]
// Layer 3 - Offset Angle From X Axis
offsetAngle3 = 30; // [0:5:90]
// Layer 3 - Span (# of Previous Layers to connect to)
span3 = 1; // [0:7]
// Layer 3 - Color
color3 = "Moccasin"; //  [Indigo,Blue,ForestGreen,Crimson,Peru,Moccasin,LightSeaGreen,LightCyan,Linen,Azure]

/* [F - Layer 4] */
// Layer 4 - Number of Points
numPointsLayer4 = 6; // [3:10]
// Layer 4 - Offset Angle From X Axis
offsetAngle4 = 45; // [0:5:90]
// Layer 4 - Span (# of Previous Layers to connect to)
span4 = 1; // [0:7]
// Layer 4 - Color
color4 = "Crimson"; //  [Indigo,Blue,ForestGreen,Crimson,Peru,Moccasin,LightSeaGreen,LightCyan,Linen,Azure]

/* [G - Layer 5] */
// Layer 5 - Number of Points
numPointsLayer5 = 7; // [3:10]
// Layer 5 - Offset Angle From X Axis
offsetAngle5 = 60; // [0:5:90]
// Layer 5 - Span (# of Previous Layers to connect to)
span5 = 1; // [0:7]
// Layer 5 - Color
color5 = "Peru"; //  [Indigo,Blue,ForestGreen,Crimson,Peru,Moccasin,LightSeaGreen,LightCyan,Linen,Azure]

/* [H - Layer 6] */
// Layer 6 - Number of Points
numPointsLayer6 = 8; // [3:10]
// Layer 6 - Offset Angle From X Axis
offsetAngle6 = 75; // [0:5:90]
// Layer 6 - Span (# of Previous Layers to connect to)
span6 = 1; // [0:7]
// Layer 6 - Color
color6 = "Moccasin"; //  [Indigo,Blue,ForestGreen,Crimson,Peru,Moccasin,LightSeaGreen,LightCyan,Linen,Azure]

/* [I - Layer 7] */
// Layer 7 - Number of Points
numPointsLayer7 = 9; // [3:10]
// Layer 7 - Offset Angle From X Axis
offsetAngle7 = 0; // [0:5:90]
// Layer 7 - Span (# of Previous Layers to connect to)
span7 = 1; // [0:7]
// Layer 7 - Color
color7 = "LightSeaGreen"; //  [Indigo,Blue,ForestGreen,Crimson,Peru,Moccasin,LightSeaGreen,LightCyan,Linen,Azure]

layerData = [
	[0,0,0,0],
	[numPointsLayer1,offsetAngle1,span1,color1],
	[numPointsLayer2,offsetAngle2,span2,color2],
	[numPointsLayer3,offsetAngle3,span3,color3],
	[numPointsLayer4,offsetAngle4,span4,color4],
	[numPointsLayer5,offsetAngle5,span5,color5],
	[numPointsLayer6,offsetAngle6,span6,color6],
	[numPointsLayer7,offsetAngle7,span7,color7]
	];

ringCount = numberLayers;
ringGap = objectRadius / ringCount;

translate([0,0,(layerHeight*ringCount)+(lineThickness/2)])
	rotate([180,0,0])
		connectTheDots(ringCount);

module connectTheDots(ringCount)
{
	for(i=[1:ringCount])
	{
		radius1 = i * ringGap;
		pointAngle1 = 360 / layerData[i][0];
		offsetAngle1 = layerData[i][1];
		numLayersConnect = i - layerData[i][2] < 1 ? 1 : i - layerData[i][2];

		for(j=[0:layerData[i][0]-1])
		{
			x1 = radius1 * cos((j * pointAngle1 + offsetAngle1 * i));
			y1 = radius1 * sin((j * pointAngle1 + offsetAngle1 * i));
			z1 = (i - 1) * layerHeight;

			for(k=[i:-1:numLayersConnect])
			{
				radius2 = k * ringGap;
				pointAngle2 = 360 / layerData[k][0];
				offsetAngle2 = layerData[k][1];

				for(l=[0:layerData[k][0]-1])
				{
					x2 = radius2 * cos((l * pointAngle2 + offsetAngle2 * k));
					y2 = radius2 * sin((l * pointAngle2 + offsetAngle2 * k));
					z2 = k * layerHeight;
					depth = lineThickness;

					color(layerData[i][3])
						line(x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,depth);
				} // End for(l)
			} // End for(k)
		} // End for(j)
	} // End for(i)
} // End connectTheDots()

module line(x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,depth)
{
	hull($fn=resolution)
	{
		translate([x1,y1,z1])
			sphere(d=depth,center=true,$fn=resolution);
		translate([x2,y2,z2])
			sphere(d=depth,center=true,$fn=resolution);
	} // End hull()
} // End line()

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable, swirly container, kind of like the one described in the provided code, but I want to make sure it's done in a modular way that's easy to tweak. I'd also like the option to change how many twists the container has, and the overall size of the container itself, along with wall thickness, and overall height.

Specifically, I need a container that:

*   Starts with a base that can be a rounded square (a "squircle") or a circle depending on a "corner radius" setting.
*   The main body of the container should rise up in a spiral. The degree of the twist should be customizable along with the total height and a direction (left or right).
*   I also want the inner diameter to be defined using a "wall thickness" parameter.
*   The container's opening at the top should be wider than the base by a "opening ratio".
*   I want to be able to control the roundness of the corners in general. I'm thinking a parameter to change the number of segments used in `circle()` calls, and the degree of smoothing done in `minkowski()`.

I'd like the OpenSCAD to handle the base and the container body as separate modules. The base should be extruded with a slight twist and a slight scale, but the main body twist/scale should use different (larger) parameters. Also, make sure the parameters for scaling and twisting the base are related to the main container, but not the same. I want a separate module for the rounded square. I’d like to be able to adjust the overall size using a 'size' parameter, and the thickness of the walls using a 'wall_thickness' parameter.  Also, consider using a parameter to control the number of steps used for the linear_extrude operations, in case I need more or less smoothness.

I am not using any library code. I'm looking for a single main .scad file.

[Assistant]
swirly_container.scad:
```
/*
    A simple swirly container / by Marcus Scheunemann
*/

/* [Base] */

size            = 40;

// Between 0 (square) and Size/2 (circle).
corner_radius   = 15;

/* [Container] */

height          = 100;

bottom_height   = 5;

//Dependent of Height
twists          = 150;

direction       = 1; // [1:Left, -1:Right]

//thickness of wall
wall_thickness  = 1.6;

roundness = 100; // [1:100]

//in relation to Base
opening_ratio   = 1.5;

/* [Hidden] */
scale = opening_ratio;
$fn     = 100;

module round_square(l, r){

    if (2*r >= l) {

        circle(l/2, $fn = roundness);

    } else {

        minkowski()
        {
            if (r > 0)
                circle(r, $fn = roundness);

            //resize square so the quadratic hull remains the same
            square(l- 2*r, center = true);
        }
    }
}

module make_base() {

        linear_extrude(
            height = bottom_height,
            twist  = twists*bottom_height/height*direction,
            slices = bottom_height * 10,
            scale  = (bottom_height/height)*(scale-1)+1,
            convexity = 100) {

            round_square(size, corner_radius);
        }

}

module make_container() {

    linear_extrude(height = height, twist = twists*direction, slices = height * 10, scale = scale, convexity = 100) {
        difference() {

        round_square(size, corner_radius);

         offset(r = -wall_thickness)
            round_square(size, corner_radius);

        }
    }

}

union() {
    make_base();
    make_container();
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a customizable fidget spinner and I'd like some help with the OpenSCAD code. I've got a basic idea, and I've seen some examples, but I need a more flexible, parametric approach to make it exactly what I want.

Basically, I want a three-armed spinner where each arm has text on it. The text should be customizable - I need to be able to specify the words for each arm, the font, the text size, and its position. It'd also be useful to adjust how much the text sticks out from the spinner arm. I'm thinking there should be variables to tweak these aspects. I would like to specify each word separately, and the position of each word can be relative to each spinner arm.

Also, the spinner will need three holes for standard 608ZZ bearings, and a central bearing hole. I'd like a way to adjust the size of those bearing holes. Maybe a tweak variable that allows for both positive and negative values in mm so I can fine tune the fit in case the printing or the bearings vary a bit.

It would be amazing if the design could handle dual extrusion. So, I need to be able to generate a file for just the base of the spinner and another file just for the text. I need a parameter that switches between generating a single-extruder version, the base part for dual-extrusion, or the text-only part for dual-extrusion. I should be able to select from "SINGLE", "TEXT", or "BASE".

For the base itself, I was thinking each arm would be roughly the shape of a rounded triangle. I think I could do that myself, but I'd rather not have to write code for the base of the spinner if I can help it.

I'm pretty new to OpenSCAD, so I'm not really familiar with libraries. The example I've seen uses `linear_extrude` and `text` to generate the text and `cylinder`, `translate`, and `rotate` to make the spinner's body. I'm not sure if that's the best way but it's all I know.

Let me know if that makes sense, or if you need more details. I think that's pretty much everything I need.

[Assistant]
customTriple.scad:
```

// Choose "SINGLE" for single extruder, "TEXT" for the text-only part of a dual-extrusion and "BASE" for the base-only part of a dual extrusion.
BUILD = "SINGLE"; // [SINGLE, TEXT, BASE]
//BUILD = "TEXT";
//BUILD = "BASE";

// Each line will appear on a separate arm of the spinner
WORDS1 = "CUSTOM";
WORDS2 = "TRIPLE";
WORDS3 = "SPINNER";

// Any fonts from fonts.google.com should work, just be sure to type the name exactly
FONT = "Arial Rounded MT Bold";

// Adjust the height of the text if needed
TWEAKHEIGHT = 0;

// Adjust how much the text sticks out
TWEAKX = 0;

// Move text to the left or right
TWEAKY = 0;

// Move text up or down
TWEAKZ = 0;

// Make the holes bigger (e.g. +0.1) or smaller (e.g. -0.1)
TWEAKHOLE = 0;

/* Created by Edwin Donnelly, MD, PhD. May 6, 2017 */

if (BUILD == "BASE")
{
   difference()
   {
       spinner();
       addText();
   }

}
else if (BUILD == "TEXT")
{
       addText();
}
else
{
 spinner();
 addText();
}

module addText()
{
    caption(WORDS1);
    rotate([0,0,120]) caption(WORDS2);
    rotate([0,0,-120]) caption(WORDS3);
}

module base()
{
  rod();
  rotate([0,0,120]) rod();
  rotate([0,0,-120]) rod();
  outers();
}

module spinner()
{
   difference()
   {
    base();
    holes();
   }
}

module holes()
{
    holeC();
    holeP();
    rotate([00,0,120]) holeP();
    rotate([00,0,-120]) holeP();
}

module holeC()
{
    cylinder(d=22.5+TWEAKHOLE, h=10, $fn=200, center=true);
}

module holeP()
{
    translate([0,35,0]) holeC();
}

module outerHC()
{
    cylinder(d=29, h=7, $fn=200, center=true);
}
module outerHP()
{
    translate([0,35,0]) outerHC();
}
module outers()
{
    outerHC();
    outerHP();
    rotate([00,0,120]) outerHP();
    rotate([00,0,-120]) outerHP();
}

module rod()
{
    difference()
    {
      translate([7,18,0]) cube([15,36,7], center=true);
      translate([10,21,0]) rotate([0,0,180]) triangle();
    }
}

module triangle()
{
    POINT0 = [0,0,-7];
    POINT1 = [6.06,3.5,-7];
    POINT2 = [0,7,-7];

    POINT3 = [0,0,7];
    POINT4 = [6.06,3.5,7];
    POINT5 = [0,7,7];

    polyhedron (
      points = [POINT0, POINT1, POINT2, POINT3, POINT4, POINT5],
      faces = [
         [0, 1, 2],
         [1,3,4,2],
         [3,1,0,5],
         [2,4,5,0],
         [3, 5, 4] ] );
}

module caption(WORDS)
{
   color("red")
    translate([13+TWEAKX,1.5+TWEAKY,-3+TWEAKZ])
    rotate([90,0,90])
     linear_extrude(height=2 )
      text(WORDS, size= 6+TWEAKHEIGHT, font=FONT);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a toilet paper holder, but I need it to be parametric so I can adjust the size and shape. I'm thinking of a design with a back plate that mounts to the wall, two arms extending forward, and a bar to hold the toilet paper roll.

Here are some specific things I need:

*   **Back Plate:** This should be a flat piece that mounts to the wall. I would like to be able to specify the width, height and depth of this part. The edges of the back plate should have a stepped profile, creating a sort of inset look. The amount of inset, along with the thickness of the backplate material itself should be parametric. There should also be a rectangular cutout in the backplate, offset and inset from the edge, which can be scaled parametrically.

*   **Arms:** The arms should extend forward from the sides of the backplate. They should have a curved shape and end in a circular area to hold the bar. I want to be able to control the height of the arm where it meets the backplate, the distance the arm projects from the backplate, and the diameter of the circular area at the end. There should also be a thickness setting for the arms. The arms should have an inner cutout that matches the profile of the outer part of the arm - the cutout should be scaled parametrically from the outside. Finally, there should be a circular cutout at the end of the arm to accept the bar.

*   **Bar:** This will be a simple cylinder. I need to specify the length, and the diameter of the bar. I need to be able to generate either the holder or just the bar alone.

I want all of the key dimensions to be adjustable through parameters, and I'd like a way to select whether to generate the holder, or just the bar using a string variable.

I'd like to use the standard OpenSCAD libraries, but I don't have specific needs beyond that. Could you create an OpenSCAD file or files to generate this?

[Assistant]
toiletPaperHolder.scad:
```
/*
 * CC BY-NC 4.0
 * https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
 *
 * Author: Kevin Lam (kevinlam@bbs2.hk)
 *
 */

/* setup */
part = "holder"; // [holder: Holder, bar: Bar holding the roll]

width = 120;
height = 130;

// excluding the arms
depth = 55;

// this affect the strength of the frame
thickness = 4;
// this affect the width at the sides of the frame
padding = 8;

// Distance from the bar to the back, i.e., arm length
bar_z = 90;

// this is the width of the bar holding the roll
bar_width = 135;
bar_diameter = 26;  // diameter of bar

module back() {
    corner = thickness*cos(135/2);

    difference() {
        translate([-width/2,0,depth])
        rotate(90,[0,1,0])
        linear_extrude(width)
        polygon([
            [0,height/2],
            [depth/2, height/2],
            [depth, (height-depth)/2],
            [depth, -(height-depth)/2],
            [depth/2, -height/2],
            [0,-height/2],
            [0,-height/2+thickness],
            [depth/2-corner, -height/2+thickness],
            [depth-thickness, -(height-depth)/2+corner],
            [depth-thickness, (height-depth)/2-corner],
            [depth/2-corner, height/2-thickness],
            [0,height/2-thickness]
        ]);
        translate([0, 0, (depth-padding)/2+thickness])
            cube([width-padding*2,height*2,depth-padding-thickness], center=true);
        cube([width-padding*2, (height-depth)-padding*2, thickness*4], center=true);
    }
}

module holder_arm_outer(arm_height, hyp, tang, arm_angle) {

    polygon([
        [0,-arm_height/2],
        [tang * sin(arm_angle), -arm_height/2+tang*cos(arm_angle)],
        [bar_z, 0],
        [bar_z/2, 0],
        [0,0]
    ]);

}

module holder_arm_inner(arm_height, hyp, tang, arm_angle) {

    upperangle = atan2(bar_z, arm_height);
    polygon([
        [padding, -arm_height/2+padding/tan(arm_angle)+padding/sin(arm_angle) ],
        [(arm_height/2-padding-padding/sin(arm_angle))*tan(arm_angle), -padding],
    [padding,-padding],
        [(arm_height/2+padding-padding/sin(arm_angle))/arm_height*bar_z, -padding],
        [padding, -padding]
    ]);

}

module holder_ring(arm_height, arm_angle) {
    translate([bar_z, 0, 0]) {
        difference() {
            circle(bar_diameter/2+thickness);
            circle(bar_diameter/2);
            translate([-bar_diameter/2-thickness,0,0])
                square(bar_diameter+thickness*2);
        }
    }
}

module holder_ring_outer() {
    translate([bar_z, 0, 0]) {
        difference() {
            circle(bar_diameter/2+thickness);
        }
        translate([-bar_diameter/2-thickness,0,0])
            square([bar_diameter+thickness*2, bar_diameter+thickness*2]);
    }
}

module holder_arm() {

    arm_height = (height-depth);
    hyp = sqrt(pow(arm_height/2,2) + bar_z*bar_z);
    hyp_angle = atan2(bar_z, arm_height/2);

    tang = sqrt(hyp*hyp - pow(bar_diameter/2+thickness,2));
    arm_angle = atan2(bar_z, arm_height/2) + acos(tang/hyp);

    linear_extrude(thickness) {
        difference() {
            holder_arm_outer(arm_height, hyp, tang, arm_angle);
            holder_arm_inner(arm_height, hyp, tang, arm_angle);

            holder_ring_outer();
        }
    }

    linear_extrude(bar_width/2-width/2+thickness) {
        holder_ring(arm_height,arm_angle);
    }

    translate([bar_z, 0, bar_width/2-width/2+thickness])
        linear_extrude(thickness) {
            difference() {
                circle(bar_diameter/2+thickness);
                translate([-bar_diameter,0,0])
                    square(bar_diameter*2);
            }
        }

}

module holder() {
    back();

    translate([-width/2+1*thickness,0,0])
        rotate(-90,[0,1,0]) {
            holder_arm();
        }

    translate([width/2-1*thickness,0,0])
        mirror([1,0,0])
        rotate(-90,[0,1,0])
           holder_arm();
}

module bar() {
    cylinder(bar_width/2, bar_diameter/2, bar_diameter/2*0.9);
    translate([0,0,bar_width])
    rotate(180, [0,1,0])
        cylinder(bar_width/2, bar_diameter/2, bar_diameter/2*0.9);
}

// I like it this way :D
$fn = 64;

print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "holder") {
        holder();
	} else if (part == "bar") {
        bar();
	}
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a parametric cable zip tie mount for 2020 aluminum extrusions, and I'd like to be able to adjust a few key dimensions. I need an OpenSCAD file, or maybe a couple of them, that I can use for this.

Here are the parameters I need control over:

*   **Base Height:** The height of the main mounting block, which will sit against the extrusion.
*   **Base Width:** The width of the mounting block.
*   **Bolt Size:** The diameter of the bolt hole, which should be sized appropriately for a metric bolt.
*   **Tabs:** An option to add alignment tabs on the bottom, with three states: none, aligned, or rotated 90 degrees. These tabs would be used to help position the mount on the extrusion.

The mount should have a cylindrical center section that extends from the base to accommodate the bolt head. There should also be a zip tie hole on the side of the base. I would like to be able to adjust the size of this hole eventually, but for now, I just need it to be a rectangle that runs the full width of the base, like in the sample code.

I'm picturing something like the attached SCAD file (2020_Cable_Zip_Tie_Mount.scad), but I'd like it to be completely parametric so I can easily adjust all those variables. I do not expect you to make any alterations to the attached file, just to use it for inspiration to create new, fully parametric files. The important bits are: round corners, a cylinder for the bolt head, a hole for the bolt shaft, and a rectangular slot for the zip tie. I would like to be able to control all of those sizes as parameters, not just the base dimensions. So, in particular, I'd like parameters for the corner rounding radius, the bolt head diameter, the bolt shaft diameter, and zip tie hole dimensions. I'd prefer the corner rounding to use the `createMeniscus` and `roundCornersCube` methods as in the sample code, which works nicely.

I'd also like it to use the BOSL2 library for the rounding methods and other helpful functions, if that's okay. Also, please do not implement a custom `$fn` variable. The default is fine for my needs. I'd also prefer the code to be well-commented and easy to understand.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
2020_Cable_Zip_Tie_Mount.scad:
```
// base height
$bh=5;
// base width
$bw=20;
// metric bolt size
$bolt=5;
// 0=none, 1=align, 2=90 degrees.
$tabs=0;

// DO NOT EDIT
$fn=120;

module makeTabs () {
    translate([$bw/2 - 6,-3, -2 - $bh/2]) cube([6,6,2]);
    translate([-$bw/2,-3, -2 - $bh/2]) cube([6,6,2]);
}

module createMeniscus(h,radius) // This module creates the shape that needs to be substracted from a cube to make its corners rounded.
difference(){        //This shape is basicly the difference between a quarter of cylinder and a cube
   translate([radius/2+0.1,radius/2+0.1,0]){
      cube([radius+0.2,radius+0.1,h+0.2],center=true);         // All that 0.x numbers are to avoid "ghost boundaries" when substracting
   }

   cylinder(h=h+0.2,r=radius,center=true);
}

module roundCornersCube(x,y,z,r)  // Now we just substract the shape we have created in the four corners
difference(){
   cube([x,y,z], center=true);

translate([x/2-r,y/2-r]){  // We move to the first corner (x,y)
      rotate(0){
         createMeniscus(z,r); // And substract the meniscus
      }
   }
   translate([-x/2+r,y/2-r]){ // To the second corner (-x,y)
      rotate(90){
         createMeniscus(z,r); // But this time we have to rotate the meniscus 90 deg
      }
   }
      translate([-x/2+r,-y/2+r]){ // ...
      rotate(180){
         createMeniscus(z,r);
      }
   }
      translate([x/2-r,-y/2+r]){
      rotate(270){
         createMeniscus(z,r);
      }
   }
}

// MAIN BODY
difference() {

    // Base + cylinder
    union() {
        roundCornersCube ($bw,$bw,$bh,$bw/4);
        translate ([$bw*0.425,0,$bw*0.425 + ($bh / 2) - 3.5])
            rotate (a=[0,-90,0])
            cylinder(h=$bw*0.85,r=$bw*0.425);
    }
    // Hollow out cylinder
    translate ([$bw*0.426,0,$bw*0.425 + ($bh / 2) - 3.5])
        rotate (a=[0,-90,0])
        cylinder(h=$bw*0.852,r=$bw*0.275);

    // bolt head
    translate([0,0,($bolt/2) - 2])
        cylinder(h=$bw,r=$bolt*0.9);

    // bolt hole
    translate([0,0,-$bh])
        cylinder(h=$bw,r=$bolt*0.55);

    // zip tie hole
    translate([-$bw/8,-$bw/2,$bh/2])
        cube([$bw/4,$bw,2.5]);

    // cut top half of cylinder
    translate([0,0,$bw*0.85])
        cube([$bw,$bw,$bw], center=true);
}

// Add alignment tabs
if ( $tabs == 1 ) {
    makeTabs();
} else if ( $tabs == 2 ) {
    rotate(a=[0,0,90]) makeTabs();
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design some clamps for my 1610 engraver, and I'd like to make them parametric in OpenSCAD so I can easily adjust them for different material thicknesses and bed setups.

Basically, I want a clamp that has a wide base with two braces coming up from it. These braces will have a 45-degree cut on the inside corner of the base and also a small portion of the outside corner (similar to a miter cut). The base needs a hole to go through for the wing nut and the bolt which tightens it to the machine bed. I would like to have a second hole for some situations. The idea is to print 4 of these and use them to clamp down material on the bed.

Here's a breakdown of the dimensions I'm thinking of, but these should be adjustable with parameters:

*   **Base Width:** 25mm
*   **Base Length:** 43mm
*   **Base Thickness:** 6mm
*   **Brace Thickness:** 4mm
*   **Brace Size** (both width and height): match the base width. So 25mm
*   **Hole 1 offset from edge:** 10mm (measured from the end of the base opposite the brace)
*   **Hole 1 Radius:** 3.25mm
*   **Hole 2 offset from edge:** 8mm (measured from the end of the base at the braces, set to -1 if not needed)
*   **Hole 2 Radius:** 3.25mm

I'd like to be able to rotate the clamp 90 degrees on the bed too if needed.

For the OpenSCAD file, I'm thinking I'll need parameters for all those dimensions. Also, I'm thinking that I'd like to keep the round holes, so I guess `$fn = 100` is appropriate for that.

I think that's everything. Let me know if I missed anything or if you have questions.

[Assistant]
clamp.scad:
```
// thickness of braces
bracethick=4;
// width of clamp
width=25;
// length of clamp
length=43;
// clamp thickness
clampthick=6;
// offset of hole from edge
holeoffset=10;
// radius of hole
holeradius=3.25;
// hole #2 offset (-1 for no hole)
hole2offset=8;
// radius of hole 2
hole2radius=3.25;

$fn=100-0;  // round holes please

bracesize=width;  // brace width and height

module brace() {
    rotate([90,0,-90,])difference() {
        cube([bracesize,bracesize,bracethick]);
    rotate([0,0,45])
        translate([0,0,-1]) cube([2*bracesize,2*bracesize,bracethick*2]);
    }
}

difference() {
union() {
     cube([width,length,clampthick]);
    rotate([90,0,0])
      cube([width,width,clampthick]);
    translate([width,bracesize,0]) brace();
    translate([bracethick,bracesize,0])
    brace();
   }
translate([width/2,
   length-holeoffset,-1])
   cylinder(r=holeradius,h=clampthick*10);
    if (hole2offset>=0)
    {
        translate([width/2,1,width-hole2offset])
rotate ([90,0,0])

        cylinder(r=hole2radius,h=clampthick*10);
    }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric V-slot angle bracket for my 3D printer frame. I need a design that I can adjust for different V-slot sizes and profile depths. I'd like to have parameters for the lengths of the two sides of the angle (let's call them `d1` and `d2`), the width of the material for the V-slot channels (`mw`), and the profile of the bracket (`profil`). For the profile, I'd like it to be selectable like in the original design, so maybe options like 1 for a 20x20, 2 for 20x40, 3 for 20x60 and 4 for 20x80 profile depth.

The bracket should include the cutouts for the V-slot rollers on both sides, and I'd also like to have it generate the mounting holes. I would like to avoid a top and bottom layer when printing to make it a tool holder and be printed with a honeycomb infill of around 15%. So the design should be 'open' on the top and bottom.

Can you generate the necessary OpenSCAD file(s) to create this? I would prefer that the code be parametric so that I can adjust the parameters mentioned. I would like to avoid using any external libraries.

[Assistant]
V-slot_angle_003.scad:
```
d1=150;//[20:1:300]
d2=150;//[30:1:300]
mw=20;//[15:1:50]
profil=2;//[1:20x20,2:20x40,3:20x60,4:20x80]

render(profil);

$fn=40;
function x1()=(d1<=d2)? mw:d1-d1*((d2-mw)/d2);
function x2()=(d1>=d2)? mw:d2-d2*((d1-mw)/d1);
echo("x1=",x1());
echo("x2=",x2());

module pre_hull(a,b) {
    intersection() {
        cube([a,4,b*20],center=true);
        rotate([0,90,0]) hull() {for(i=[-1,1],j=[-0.5,5]) translate([i*8.5+i*(b-1)*10,j,0]) cylinder(d=3,h=a,center=true);}
    }
}
module slot(a) {
    translate([-a/2,-2,0]) hull() {
        translate([0,0,-4.5]) cube([a,4,9]);
        translate([1.7,-1.7,-2.8]) cube([a-2*1.7,5.7,5.6]);
    }
}
module V_slot_angle(b) {
    difference() {
        union() {
            hull() {
                translate([d1-x1()/2,2,0]) pre_hull(x1(),b);
                translate([2,d2-x2()/2,0]) rotate([0,0,-90]) pre_hull(x2(),b);
            }
            for(i=[1:1:b]) translate([0,0,(i-1)*20-(b-1)*10]) {
                translate([d1-x1()/2,2,0]) slot(x1());
                translate([2,d2-x2()/2,0]) rotate([0,0,-90]) slot(x2());
            }
        }
        for(i=[1:1:b]) translate([0,0,(i-1)*20-(b-1)*10]) {
            translate([2,d2-x2()/2,0]) rotate([0,90,0]) {
                cylinder(d=5.2,h=40,center=true);
                translate([0,0,2]) cylinder(d=8.8,h=50);
            }
            translate([d1-x1()/2,2,0]) rotate([-90,0,0]) {
                cylinder(d=5.2,h=40,center=true);
                translate([0,0,2]) cylinder(d=8.8,h=50);
            }
        }
        linear_extrude(height = b*22, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)polygon(points=[[d1,0],[0,d2],[0,d2+40],[d1+40,0]]);

    }
}

module render(a) {
    rotate([-90,0,0]) rotate([0,0,atan(d2/d1)]) V_slot_angle(a);
}

```


[User]
Hi, I need a replacement part for a Wilton cookie press, specifically the threaded cap that holds the cookie discs in place. I've lost the original, and I'm hoping to 3D print a replacement. I've got the key dimensions and some understanding of how the threads work, and I want the design to be parametric so I can adjust it if necessary.

Here's what I need:

*   **Overall Shape:** It's a cylindrical cap with internal threads. It should have a lip at the bottom that sits against the cookie press body.
*   **Inner Height:**  The internal height where the cookie discs and press plunger sit is 20.5mm.
*   **Inner Diameter:** The diameter of the interior cylinder, before accounting for threads, is 51.9 mm.
*   **Thread Lead:** The thread lead, the distance the thread advances in one turn, is 11.8mm / 2 (5.9mm) -- there are two starts on this thread.
*   **Thread Pitch:** The thread pitch, the distance between threads, is 1.6 * threadLead / 2, or 1.6 * 5.9 / 2 = 4.72mm.
*   **Thread Starts:** The threads are double-start, meaning two separate threads begin on opposite sides.
*   **Lip:** The lip that sits against the press body extends 5mm outward.
*   **Side Thickness:** The thickness of the cylinder walls is 3mm.
*   **Bottom Thickness:** The thickness of the bottom of the cap is 2mm.
*   **Thread Tolerance:** I'd like to include a parameter for thread tolerance (1.2mm) that allows adjustment of the size to compensate for printer inaccuracies.
*   **Cylinder Tolerance:**  I'd also like a parameter for general cylinder tolerance (0.7mm) that helps with a smooth fit with the cookie press body.
*   **Thread library:** I'd like this to use a good thread library. I see that you have `quickthread.scad` on file.

I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design that lets me tweak these parameters. I would appreciate if the files use comments so that I can understand the code better.

[Assistant]
cookiepresscoverstandalone.scad:
```
innerHeight = 20.5;
innerDiameter = 51.9;
threadLead = 11.8/2;
threadPitch = 1.6*threadLead/2;
nStarts = 2;
lip = 5;

sideThickness = 3;
bottomThickness = 2;
threadTolerance = 1.2;
cylinderTolerance = 0.7;

module end_of_parameters_dummy() {}

//use <quickthread.scad>;
function _ringPoints(param) = len(param[0]);
function _ringValue(param,point) = param[0][point];
function _numTurns(param) = param[2];
function _numRings(param) = 1+_numTurns(param)*$fn;
function _radius(param) = param[1];
function _lead(param) = param[3];

extrNudge = 0.001;

function extrPoints(param) =
    let (n=_ringPoints(param),
        r=_radius(param),
        m=_numRings(param),
        l=_lead(param)
        )
        [ for (i=[0:m-1]) for (j=[0:n-1])
            let (z=i/$fn*l,
                angle=(i%$fn)/$fn*360,
                v=_ringValue(param,j))
            [ (r+v[0])*cos(angle), (r+v[0])*sin(angle),z+v[1]] ];

function mod(m,n) = let(mm = m%n) mm<0 ? n+mm : mm;

function extrPointIndex(param,ring,point) =
    let (n=_ringPoints(param))
        n*ring + mod(point,n);

function startFacePoints(param) =
    let (n=_ringPoints(param))
        [for (i=[0:n-1]) extrPointIndex(param,0,i)];

function endFacePoints(param) =
    let (m=_numRings(param), n=_ringPoints(param))
            [for (i=[n-1:-1:0]) extrPointIndex(param,m-1,i)];

function tubeFaces(param) =
    let (m=_numRings(param), n=_ringPoints(param))
            [for (i=[0:m-2]) for (j=[0:n-1]) for(tri=[0:1])
                tri==0 ?
                    [extrPointIndex(param,i,j),extrPointIndex(param,i+1,j),extrPointIndex(param,i,j+1)] :
                    [extrPointIndex(param,i,j+1), extrPointIndex(param,i+1,j),
            extrPointIndex(param,i+1,j+1)]];

function extrFaces(param) = concat([startFacePoints(param)],concat(tubeFaces(param),[endFacePoints(param)]));

module rawThread(profile, d=undef, h=10, lead=undef, $fn=72, adjustRadius=false, clip=true, includeCylinder=true) {
    radius = d/2;
    vSize = max([for(v1=profile) for(v2=profile) v2[1]-v1[1]]);
    vMin = min([for(v=profile) v[0]]);
    radiusAdjustment = adjustRadius ? vMin : 0;
    _lead = lead==undef ? vSize : lead;
    profileScale = vSize <= _lead-extrNudge ? 1 : (_lead-extrNudge)/vSize;
    adjProfile = [for(v=profile) [v[0]-radiusAdjustment,v[1]*profileScale]];
    adjRadius = radius + radiusAdjustment;
    hSize = 1+2*adjRadius + 2*max([for (v=adjProfile) v[0]]);
    numTurns = 2+ceil(h/_lead);
    param = [adjProfile, adjRadius, numTurns, _lead];
    render(convexity=10)
    union() {
        intersection() {
            if (clip)
                translate([-hSize/2,-hSize/2,0]) cube([hSize,hSize,h]);
            translate([0,0,-_lead]) polyhedron(faces=extrFaces(param),points=extrPoints(param));
        }
        if (includeCylinder)
            cylinder(r=adjRadius+extrNudge,$fn=$fn,h=h);
    }
}

function inch_to_mm(x) = x * 25.4;

// internal = female
module isoThread(d=undef, dInch=undef, pitch=1, tpi=undef, h=1, hInch=undef, lead=undef, leadInch=undef, angle=30, internal=false, starts=1, $fn=72) {

    P = (tpi==undef) ? pitch : tpi;

    radius = dInch != undef ? inch_to_mm(dInch)/2 : d/2;
    height = hInch != undef ? inch_to_mm(hInch) : h;

    Dmaj = 2*radius;
    H = P * cos(angle);

    _lead = leadInch != undef ? inch_to_mm(leadInch) : lead != undef ? lead : P;

    externalExtra=0.03;
    internalExtra=0.057;
    profile = !internal ?
        [ [-H*externalExtra,(-3/8-externalExtra)*P],
          [(5/8)*H,-P/16],[(5/8)*H,P/16],
          [-H*externalExtra,(3/8+externalExtra)*pitch] ] :
        [ [0,-(3/8)*P],
        [(5/8)*H,-P/16],[(5/8+internalExtra)*H,0],
        [(5/8)*H,P/16],[0,(3/8)*P] ];
    Dmin = Dmaj-2*H/4;
    myFN=$fn;
    for (i=[0:starts-1]) {
        rotate([0,0,360/starts*i]) rawThread(profile,d=Dmin,h=height,lead=_lead,$fn=myFN,adjustRadius=true);
    }
}

//rawThread([[0,0],[1.5,1.5],[0,3]], d=50, h=91, pitch=3);
//rawThread([[0,0],[0,3],[3,3],[3,0]], d=50, h=50, pitch=6, $fn=80);
difference() {
    isoThread(d=50,h=30,pitch=3,angle=40,internal=false,$fn=60);
    translate([0,0,-extrNudge]) isoThread(d=42,h=30+2*extrNudge,pitch=3,angle=40,internal=true,$fn=60);
}
//rawThread([[0,0],[1,0],[.5,.5],[1,1],[0,1]],r=20,h=10,lead=1.5);

module dummy(){}

$fn = 72;
d = innerDiameter+2*threadTolerance;

render(convexity=2)
difference() {
    cylinder(d=d+2*sideThickness, h=innerHeight+bottomThickness);

    translate([0,0,-1])
    cylinder(d=d-2*lip, h=innerHeight+bottomThickness+2);
    translate([0,0,bottomThickness]) {
        isoThread(d=d, pitch=threadPitch, h=innerHeight+1, lead=threadLead, angle=40, starts=2, internal=true);
    cylinder(d=innerDiameter+2*cylinderTolerance, h=innerHeight+1);
    }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a fidget spinner, kind of like the "deadly-wave-2017-09-29.scad" file I've attached, but I need it to be much more customizable and user-friendly. I need the OpenSCAD files to have these features:

*   **Parametric Design:** I want to be able to change all the key dimensions through variables.
*   **Weight Options:** The spinner should be designed to accommodate various types of weights, including: 608 bearings, 5/16 hex nuts, 3/8 hex nuts, 1/2 hex nuts, M8 hex nuts, M10 hex nuts (both 16mm and 17mm sizes), M12 hex nuts (both 18mm and 19mm sizes), M4 square nuts, and a variety of ball bearing sizes (5/16", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", and 1").
*   **Number of Blades:** The number of blades should be adjustable.
*   **Blade Rotation:** The angle at which the blades are rotated relative to the radial direction should be adjustable.
*   **Blade Offset:** The distance the blades are offset from the center should be adjustable.
*   **Edge Beveling:** I would like to be able to choose between single and double beveled edges on the blades.
*   **Units:** It would be fantastic if all the parameters used units (e.g. mm, inch), with the unit inch always being translated to 25.4mm, as was done in the attached SCAD file.

I'm envisioning the design to be built up from more primitive modules, so that I can use those modules in future designs. I'd like for there to be a module for creating the center portion of the spinner, a module for the blade with the weight cutout, and finally a module that combines the two.

Also, I would like you to generate helper files with all the dimensions for the nuts, bearings, and other things used for the weights. Please include units for all the dimensions. It would also be helpful if you could include a comment on whether the size is a diameter or a distance across the flats for nuts. Finally, it would be nice to have a separate scad file that instantiates the main spinner module with all the user-configurable variables and options.

For this design, it would be awesome if you could use the BOSL2 library for the hull and minkowski functions as well as to do the overall transformation of the object.

[Assistant]
deadly-wave-2017-09-29.scad:
```
// lucina
// 2017-09-29

// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

// the number of blades
blades = 3; //[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

// the type of weight
whichWeight = "3/8 hex nut";   //[608 bearing, 5/16 hex nut, 3/8 hex nut, 1/2 hex nut, M8 hex nut, M10 16 hex nut, M10 17 hex nut, M12 18 hex nut, M12 19 hex nut, M4 square nut, 5/16 ball bearing, 3/8 ball bearing, 1/2 ball bearing, 5/8 ball bearing, 1 inch ball bearing]
// blade rotation in degrees
bladeRotation = 20;  //[0:1:45]
// blade offset from center (smaller=more compact)
bladeOffset = .6; //[.55:.05:1.2]
// number of beveled edges
edges = "double"; //[single, double]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 60;
inch = 25.4;
x = 0; y = 1; z = 2;
bearing = [22, 22, 7]; //608 bearing
sae = [.577*inch, .5 * inch, 7]; // 5/16 hex nut
sae38 = [.650*inch,.562*inch, 7];	// 3/8
sae12 = [.866*inch, .75*inch, 7];	// 1/2
metric8 = [15, 13, 7];   // M8 hex nut
metric10_16 = [17.77, 16, 7];   // M10 16 hex nut
metric10_17 = [19.6, 17, 7];   // M10 17 hex nut
metric12_18 = [20.03, 18, 7];   // M12 18 hex nut
metric12_19 = [21.9, 19, 7];   // M12 19 hex nut
metric4sq = [7, 7, 3.2];
ball516 = [5/16*inch, 5/16*inch, 5/16*inch];
ball38 = [3/8*inch, 3/8*inch, 3/8*inch];
ball12 = [1/2*inch, 1/2*inch, 1/2*inch];
ball58 = [5/8*inch, 5/8*inch, 5/8*inch];
ball1 = [inch, inch, inch];

weight = (whichWeight == "608 bearing") ? bearing :
   (whichWeight == "5/16 hex nut") ? sae :
   (whichWeight == "3/8 hex nut") ? sae38 :
   (whichWeight == "1/2 hex nut") ? sae12 :
   (whichWeight == "M8 hex nut") ? metric8 :
   (whichWeight == "M10 16 hex nut") ? metric10_16 :
   (whichWeight == "M10 17 hex nut") ? metric10_17 :
   (whichWeight == "M12 18 hex nut") ? metric12_18 :
   (whichWeight == "M12 19 hex nut") ? metric12_19 :
   (whichWeight == "M4 square nut") ? metric4sq :
   (whichWeight == "5/16 ball bearing") ? ball516 :
   (whichWeight == "3/8 ball bearing") ? ball38 :
   (whichWeight == "1/2 ball bearing") ? ball12 :
   (whichWeight == "5/8 ball bearing") ? ball58 : ball1;
echo(whichWeight, weight[x], weight[y], weight[z]);
resolution = (whichWeight == "5/16 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "3/8 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "1/2 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M8 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M10 16 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M10 17 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M12 18 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M12 19 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M4 square nut") ? 4 : 40;

step = 360 / blades;
stop = (blades-1) * step;
bladeWidth = 22 * weight[x] / sae38[x];
bladeThick = bearing[z];
bladeEdge = 4;
offset = bladeOffset * sae38[x] / weight[x];
rotation = -bladeRotation;
cutOffset = (edges == "double") ? 3.5 : 1;

module blade(th, rad) {
   translate([offset*bladeWidth, 0, 0])
      rotate([0, 0, rotation])
         difference() {
            hull() {
               cylinder(h=th, r=rad, center=true);
               cylinder(h=.5, r=rad+bladeEdge, center=true);
            }
            // cut out  blade
            if ( edges == "single")
               translate([0, weight[x]+bladeEdge+cutOffset*weight[x]/sae38[x], 0])
                  cylinder(h=th*2, r=rad, center=true);
            if ( edges == "double")
               translate([0, weight[x]+bladeEdge+cutOffset*weight[x]/sae38[x], 0])
               union() {
                  hull() {
                     cylinder(h=.25, r=rad, center=true);
                     translate([0, 0, 3.5])
                        cylinder(h=.001, r=rad+bladeEdge, center=true);
                  }
                  hull() {
                     cylinder(h=.25, r=rad, center=true);
                     translate([0, 0, -3.5])
                        cylinder(h=.001, r=rad+bladeEdge, center=true);
                  }
                  }
               }
}
module fcylinder(z, x, rad) {
   minkowski() {
      cylinder(h=z-2*rad, d=x-2*rad, center=true);
         sphere(rad, center=true);
   }
}

difference () {
   union() {
      fcylinder(bearing[z], bearing[x] + 5, 2);
      for ( angle = [0 : step : stop] )
         rotate([0, 0, -angle])
         blade(bladeThick, bladeWidth);
   }
   union() {
      // center hole
      cylinder(h=7*2, d=22, center=true);
         for ( angle = [0 : step : stop] )
            rotate([0, 0, -angle])
               // weight hole
               translate([offset*bladeWidth, 0, 0])
                  rotate([0, 0, rotation])
                     translate([.42*bladeWidth, -bladeWidth+weight[x]/2+weight[x]/sae38[x]*4.2, 0])
                        cylinder(h=bearing[z]*4, d=weight[x], $fn=resolution, center=true);
   }
}
```


[User]
Hi there, I'm looking to design a parametric ball chute for Lego Mindstorms robots, and I'd like to do it in OpenSCAD. I've got some specific parameters in mind, and I'd like it to be customizable.

Essentially, I want a long, segmented tube, with a polygonal cross-section (like a pentagon), and it should be constructed from a series of joined sections. Each section should have a kind of "strut" that connects it to the main structure. At the bottom, I'd like a cross-shaped female attachment to connect to the robot or another tube.

Here's what I'm thinking for parameters:

*   **`sides`**: The number of sides of the polygonal cross-section (e.g., 5 for a pentagon, 6 for a hexagon).
*   **`supportThickness`**: The thickness of the main structure's walls.
*   **`strutThickness`**: The thickness of the struts connecting the main structure to its central axis.
*  **`strutAngle`**: The angle of the struts relative to the horizontal plane.
*   **`numberOfSegments`**: The number of segments that make up the length of the tube.
*   **`insideDiameter`**: The internal diameter of the tube.
*   **`crossTolerance`**:  A tolerance value that should be added to the cross dimensions to get a snug fit. This should probably have an option to be positive or negative in case the user wants to print one part as a connector and the other part to receive it, and would therefore need to make the receive part have slightly increased size.
*   **`addSupport`**: A boolean parameter (`1` or `0`) to specify whether or not the support cylinder at the base of the female cross should be added.
*    **`crossModuleOnly`**: Another boolean (`1` or `0`) to specify that we only want to design a single cross module rather than the entire chute.
*   **`crossDiameter`**: The diameter of the center cylinder of the cross attachment.
*   **`crossArmThickness`**: The thickness of the arms of the cross attachment.
*   **`crossLength`**: The length of the arms of the cross attachment.
*    **`crossOffsetFromInside`**: The distance of the center of the cross attachment from the inner wall of the tube.
*   **`crossAttachmentLength`**: The length of the female attachment on the cross.
*   **`narrowingOfCross`**: If 1, the cross will narrow towards its base to help it fit in the tube. (Not fully implemented)

I envision the final design including:
   * A `ring` module, representing the rings of the outer polygonal support
   * A `segments` module that creates the strut sections of the tube.
   *  A `cross2d` module, creating the 2D shape for the female cross connector using two squares.
   * A `crossFemale` module, extruding a `cross2d` module into 3D.
    *A `cross` module that assembles the female cross section and optionally adds support to it, as well as adding some cubes to make it integrate with the tube structure.
   * A `tube` module that assembles all the elements of the tube together.

The `tube` should be built in such a way that the sections of the tube join together and are supported by the struts. The tube should have rings at the bottom, in the middle, and at the top to keep the structure stable. The cross section should match common connectors for Lego Mindstorms. I'm thinking a lot about making the connectors fit snuggly, but not so tight that they can't come apart.

I'd like the output to be either a single `.scad` file or a primary `.scad` file that imports some modules from another `.scad` file using `include<>`.
Thanks!

[Assistant]
mindstormsloader.scad:
```
sides = 5;
supportThickness = 3;
strutThickness = 2.2;
strutAngle = 50;
numberOfSegments = 11;
insideDiameter = 17.5;
crossTolerance = 0.2;
addSupport = 1; // [1:yes, 0:no]
crossModuleOnly = 0; // [1:yes, 0:no]

module dummy();

crossDiameter = 4.87;
crossArmThickness = 1.83;
crossLength = 7.72;
crossOffsetFromInside = 10.38;
crossAttachmentLength = 10;
narrowingOfCross = 1;

inradius = insideDiameter / 2;

diameter = inradius * 2 / cos(180/sides);

sideLength = diameter * sin(180/sides);
segmentHeight = sideLength * tan(strutAngle);
totalHeight = numberOfSegments*segmentHeight;
echo(str("Height ",totalHeight,"mm"));
echo(str("Works for ",totalHeight/16.83," balls"));
cylDiameter = crossDiameter+crossTolerance*2+4;
crossHeight = 24;
nudge = 0.01;

module ring(h=supportThickness) {
    render(convexity=2)
    difference() {
        cylinder(d=diameter+2*supportThickness/cos(180/sides), h=h, $fn=sides);
        translate([0,0,-nudge]) cylinder(d=diameter, h=h+2*nudge, $fn=sides);
    }
}

module segments() {
    render(convexity=4)
    intersection() {
        for(j=[0:numberOfSegments-1])
        for(i=[0:sides-1]) {
            rotate([0,0,360/sides*i])
            translate([diameter/2+strutThickness/2,0,j*segmentHeight])
            rotate([0,0,180/sides+90])
            rotate([0,90-strutAngle,0])
            translate([-1.4*strutThickness/2,-strutThickness/2,-strutThickness*.05]) cube([strutThickness*1.4,strutThickness, strutThickness*.1+(sideLength*(diameter+strutThickness)/diameter)/cos(strutAngle)]);
        }
       ring(h=totalHeight);
    }
}

module cross2d(toleranceDirection=-1) {
    t = crossTolerance * toleranceDirection;
    square([crossDiameter+2*t,crossArmThickness+2*t],center=true);
    square([crossArmThickness+2*t,crossDiameter+2*t],center=true);
}

module crossFemale(inside=false) {
    if (inside) {
        translate([0,0,-nudge]) linear_extrude(height=crossHeight+1+nudge) cross2d(toleranceDirection=1);
        if (addSupport)
        translate([0,0,8-0.5]) difference() {
            cylinder(h=0.5, d=cylDiameter+nudge,$fn=8);
            cylinder(h=0.5, d=crossDiameter);
        }
        else {
            cylinder(h=8, d=cylDiameter+nudge,$fn=8);
        }
    }
    else {
        cylinder(h=crossHeight+2.5,d=cylDiameter,$fn=8);
    }
}

module cross(connector=true) {
    render(convexity=5)
    difference() {
        union() {
            translate([inradius+crossOffsetFromInside,0,0]) crossFemale();
            if (connector) {
                translate([inradius,-sideLength/2,0]) cube([supportThickness+nudge,sideLength,crossHeight]);
                translate([inradius,-supportThickness*1.5/2,8]) cube([
crossOffsetFromInside,supportThickness*1.5,crossHeight-8]);
            }

        }
        translate([inradius+crossOffsetFromInside,0,0])crossFemale(inside=true);
    }
}

module tube() {
    rotate([0,0,180/sides]) {
        ring();
        segments();
        translate([0,0,totalHeight-supportThickness]) ring();
        for(i=[0:sides-1]) translate((diameter/2+supportThickness/2)*[cos(i*360/sides),sin(i*360/sides),0]) cylinder(d=supportThickness,h=totalHeight,$fn=sides);
        }
}

if (crossModuleOnly) {
    cross(connector=false);
}
else {
    tube();
    cross();

}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a cookie cutter that can be customized with a variable number of cusps or petals. The basic shape should be a series of circular arcs, not just straight lines. I'd like to control the overall diameter of the cutter, the number of cusps, and how much each cusp bulges outwards.

Here's what I'm thinking:
*   **Overall Diameter:** This will be the diameter of the circle that approximately contains the entire cookie cutter.
*   **Number of Cusps:** This is the number of petals or cusps along the edge.
*   **Bulge Factor:**  This will control how far out the center of each arc bulges out relative to the size of the circle, like the roundness of a petal.  A higher value means more bulge.

The cutter itself should be a thin wall, with an optional bottom flange for stability. I'd also like the option to add a backing grid for more strength, but this can be a slower process.

Here are the specific parameters I want to control:
*   `diam`: (mm) Overall diameter of the cookie cutter.
*   `cusps`: Number of cusps/petals around the edge.
*   `bulge`: Factor controlling the bulge of each cusp arc.
*   `grid`: Boolean flag to enable or disable a backing grid.
*   `width`: (mm) Width of the cookie cutter wall.
*   `height`: (mm) Total height of the cookie cutter.
*   `flangeWidth`: (mm) Width of the bottom flange.
*   `flangeHeight`: (mm) Height of the bottom flange.
*   `$fs`: (mm)  Line segment size for curves.  This will control smoothness.

And for the backing grid when enabled:
*   `gridWidth`: (mm) Width of grid lines.
*   `gridSpace`: (mm) Space between grid lines.
*   `gridThick`: (mm) Thickness of the grid.

I think the grid should be at 45 degrees to the cutter, and it only should extend as far as needed to support the cutter shape itself.

Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I don't need to use any external libraries, just standard OpenSCAD features.

[Assistant]
cusped4.scad:
```
//Final diameter (mm)
diam = 50; // [0:100]
//number of cusps/petals
cusps = 18; // [2:30]
//bulge factor
bulge = 3; //[0.01:0.01:4]

//Use backing grid (slow)?
grid = "false"; // [false,true]
Bgrid = (grid == "true");
//width of cookie cutter body (mm)
width = 1.5;
//total height of the cookie cutter (mm)
height = 10.0;
//width of bottom flange (mm)
flangeWidth = 4.0;
//height of bottom border (mm)
flangeHeight = 1.2;
//line segment size (mm)
$fs = 0.5; // [0.05:0.05:2]

/// Grid parameters
//width of grid lines
gridWidth = 1.2;
//space between grid lines
gridSpace = 8.0;
gridThick = flangeHeight;

function crd(theta) = 2*sin(theta/2); //chord trig function
function rectCoords(r, theta) = [r*cos(theta), r*sin(theta)];
function addPoints(p1, p2) = [p1[0] + p2[0], p1[1] + p2[1]];

biga = 360/cusps; //angle per cusp
radius = diam/2/(cos(biga/2)+bulge/cusps); //radius to inside of cusps
chord = radius*crd(biga); //length of chord spanning each cusp
sag = radius*bulge/cusps;
smallR = sag/2 + chord*chord/8/sag; //radius needed for given sagitta
cuspAngle = 2*acos(1 - sag/smallR);
//centerA = 180 - cuspAngle/2; //angle from large angle to start of cusp
centerDist = diam/2-smallR; //dist from center of cusp to center of circle
gridX=diam*1.1; //max possible grid needed
gridY=gridX;

assert(cuspAngle <= 360);

$fn = ceil((smallR*cuspAngle*3.1415926/180)/$fs);
points = [ for (segment = [ 0 : cusps-1 ])
	         let (center = rectCoords(centerDist, biga*segment), startA = biga*segment - cuspAngle/2)
	         for (point = [ 0 : $fn])
				 center + rectCoords(smallR, startA + cuspAngle*point/$fn)
		 ];
module shape() {
    polygon(points);
}

module grid(width, spacing, thickness, xsize, ysize) {
	period = width + spacing;
	nX = floor(xsize/2/period);
	nY = floor(ysize/2/period);

	for (i=[-nX:nX]) {
		translate([period*i,0,thickness/2]) cube([width, ysize, thickness], true);
	}
	for (i=[-nY:nY]) {
		translate([0, period*i, thickness/2]) cube([xsize, width, thickness], true);
	}
}

module innerCutout() { //inner edge of cutter, exaggerated to subtract well
    translate([0,0,-0.1]) linear_extrude(height+0.2) shape();
}
module addGrid() {
    if (Bgrid) {
        intersection(){ //portion of grid that is inside cutter
            rotate(45) grid(gridWidth, gridSpace, gridThick, gridX, gridY);
            innerCutout();
        };
    }
	children();
}

addGrid() render(2) difference(){
    union() {
        linear_extrude(flangeHeight) offset(flangeWidth) shape(); //flange on top
        linear_extrude(height) offset(width) shape();             //outer edge of cutter
    }
    innerCutout();
}
```
cusped_old.scad:
```
// cusped parameters

//radius to inside points of flower
radius = 40; // [0:100]
//number of cusps/petals
cusps = 16; // [2:30]
//angle (in deg) each cusp arc traces
cuspAngle = 170; // [1:240]

//Use backing grid (slow)?
grid = "false"; // [false,true]
Bgrid = (grid == "true");
//Round edges of cutter?
rounded = "true"; // [false,true]
Brounded = (rounded == "true");
//width of cookie cutter body (mm)
width = 1.5;
//total height of the cookie cutter (mm)
height = 12.0;
//width of bottom flange (mm)
flangeWidth = 4.0;
//height of bottom border (mm)
flangeHeight = 1.2;
//arc segments/precision
$fn = 40; // [1:100]

/// Grid parameters
//width of grid lines
meshSolid=1.2;
//space between grid lines
meshSpace=8.0;
gridThickness=flangeHeight; //thickness of grid
moveGridX=0*1;    //Grid x shift
moveGridY=0*1;    //Grid y shift
rotateGridZ=45.0*1;  //Rotate grid direction (deg)

function crd(theta) = 2*sin(theta/2); //chord trig function
function rectCoords(r, theta) = [r*cos(theta), r*sin(theta)];
function addPoints(p1, p2) = [p1[0] + p2[0], p1[1] + p2[1]];

biga = 360/cusps; //angle per cusp
centerA = 180 - cuspAngle/2; //angle from large angle to start of cusp
lawOfSines = radius/sin(centerA);
centerDist = lawOfSines*sin(180 - biga/2 - centerA);
smallR = lawOfSines*sin(biga/2);
gridX=2*(centerDist+smallR+flangeWidth); //max possible grid needed
gridY=gridX;

points = [ for (segment = [ 0 : cusps-1 ])
	         let (center = rectCoords(centerDist, biga*segment), startA = biga*segment + centerA - 180)
	         for (point = [ 0 : $fn-1])
				 addPoints(center, rectCoords(smallR, startA + cuspAngle*point/$fn))
		 ];

module shape() {
    polygon(points);
}

/// Module grid have been imported from the Openscad grid creator by Glyn
/// Orininaly published on http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:29211
/// Under the terms of Creative Commons By-Sa (08.26.2012)
module grid(meshSolid, meshSpace, gridThickness, gridX, gridY) {
    meshX=gridX;
    meshY=gridY;
    nX=meshX/(meshSolid+meshSpace);
    nY=meshY/(meshSolid+meshSpace);

    for (i=[0:nX]) {
        translate([-(meshX/2)+i*(meshSolid+meshSpace),-meshY/2,-gridThickness/2]) cube(size=[meshSolid,meshY,gridThickness],center=false);
    }

    for (i=[0:nY]) {
        translate([-meshX/2,-(meshY/2)+i*(meshSolid+meshSpace),-gridThickness/2]) cube(size=[meshX,meshSolid,gridThickness],center=false);
    }
}

module innerCutout() { //inner edge of cutter, exaggerated to subtract well
    translate([0,0,-0.1]) linear_extrude(height+0.2) shape();
}
module addGrid() {
    if (Bgrid) {
        intersection(){ //portion of grid that is inside cutter
            translate([moveGridX,moveGridY,(0.5*gridThickness)]) rotate([0,0,rotateGridZ]) grid(meshSolid, meshSpace, gridThickness, gridX, gridY);
            innerCutout();
        };
    }
	children();
}

addGrid() difference(){
    if (Brounded) { //which offset style to use?
        linear_extrude(flangeHeight) offset(flangeWidth) shape(); //flange on top
        linear_extrude(height) offset(width) shape();             //outer edge of cutter
    } else {
        linear_extrude(flangeHeight) offset(delta=flangeWidth) shape(); //flange on top
        linear_extrude(height) offset(delta=width) shape();             //outer edge of cutter
    }
    innerCutout();
}
```