[User]
Okay, I'm looking for a customizable servo pulley design in OpenSCAD. I need it to have a few key features:

1.  **Pulley Parameters:**
    *   I need to be able to specify the *pulley diameter*.
    *   I need to control the *size of the groove* where the string or cable will sit.
    *   There should be a cutout section on the pulley that allows the string to exit or enter. I need to be able to adjust the *angle of this cutout* and also its *depth*.
    *   I need to specify the *diameter of the hole* where the string passes through the side of the pulley.

2. **Servo Horn Compatibility:**
    *   I need the design to be able to accommodate different styles of servo horns, specifically:
        *   Rounded horns (like on the Futaba 3003)
        *   4-arm horns (Futaba 3003 style)
        *   6-arm horns (Futaba 3003 style)
    *   There should be parameters for things like the *drill diameter* used on the servo horns, the overall *horn height*, and the *height of the mounting plate*.

3. **Detailed Parametric Control:**
    *   I need parameters to control the specific dimensions for each horn style:
        *   For rounded horns: Small and large diameters, and the drill distance.
        *   For 4-arm horns: end diameter, center diameter, arm length, and drill distance.
        *   For 6-arm horns: end diameter, center diameter, arm length, base diameter, and drill distance.
    *   I want to be able to specify the *overall wheel height*.

4.  **OpenSCAD Implementation**
    * I expect this to be a single file, and I will expect to be able to render it as is, without needing to include additional code from any external libraries, though I understand you may use functions within OpenSCAD itself.

Can you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file that implements all of these features?

[Assistant]
Servo-pulley.scad:
```
//-------oraginal ------------------------------------------------------
//-- Servo wheel
//-- (c) Juan Gonzalez (obijuan) juan@iearobotics.com
//-- March-2012
//-------------------------------------------------------------
//-- moded to servo pulley and to work with makerbot custiomizer
//-- by Joel hackett (jhack) 1/4/2013
//-------------------------------------------------------------

// pulley parameters
 //pulley diameter
pulley_diameter = 25;  //[20:150]
  //size of the grove
grove_size=3; //[3:6]
// the angel to cut out
OpeningAngle = 100; //[10: 180]
// the depth of the cut out
cutout=5; //[4:150]
// the hole size for the string to go though
hole_diam=2;//[1:6]
// horn type based off Futaba 3003 horns
horn_type = 1; //[1:round,2:4-arm,3:6-arm]

//-- Parameters common to all horns
// default is 1.5
horn_drill_diam = 1.5;
 //-- Total height: shaft + plate, default is 6
horn_height = 6;
   //-- plate height, default is 2
horn_plate_height = 2;

/* [hidden] */
wheel_or_idiam = pulley_diameter;
wheel_or_diam = grove_size;

wheel_height = 2*wheel_or_diam+0;     //-- Wheel height: change the 0 for

//-- Futaba 3003 servo rounded horn parameters
rh_diam1 = 8.5;  //-- Rounded horn small diameter
rh_diam2 = 21.5; //-- Rounded horn big diameter
rounded_horn_drill_distance = 7.3;

//-- Futaba 3003 horn drills

//-- Futaba 3003 4-arm horn parameters
a4h_end_diam = 5;
a4h_center_diam = 10;
a4h_arm_length = 15;
a4h_drill_distance = 13.3;

//-- Futaba 3003 6-arm horn parameters
a6h_end_diam = 5;
a6h_center_diam = 10;
a6h_arm_length=10;
a6h_arm_base_diam=7.5;
a6h_drill_distance = 10.9;

//-------------------------------------------------------
//--- Parameters:
//-- or_idiam: O-ring inner diameter
//-- or_diam: O-ring section diameter
//-- h: Height of the wheel
//--
//--  Module for generating a raw wheel, with no drills
//--  and no servo horn
//-------------------------------------------------------
module raw_wheel(or_idiam=50, or_diam=3, h=6)
{
   //-- Wheel parameters
   r = or_idiam/2 + or_diam;   //-- Radius

  //-- Temporal points
  l = or_diam*sqrt(2)/2;

  difference() {
    //-- Body of the wheel
    cylinder (r=r, h=h, $fn=100,center=true);

    //--  wheel's inner section
 difference() {
    rotate_extrude($fn=100)
      translate([r-or_diam/2,0,0])
      polygon( [ [0,0],[l,l],[l,-l] ] , [ [0,1,2] ]);
rotate([0,0,-OpeningAngle/2]) translate([-1,wheel_or_idiam/2-hole_diam/2,-wheel_height/2]) cube([wheel_height/2+1,wheel_height,wheel_height]);
rotate([0,0,OpeningAngle/2]) translate([-wheel_height/2+1,wheel_or_idiam/2-hole_diam/2,-wheel_height/2]) cube([wheel_height/2+1,wheel_height,wheel_height]);
}

 translate([0,0,-wheel_height/2-1]){
rotate([0,0,OpeningAngle/4-0.05]) intersection() {
			rotate([0,0,OpeningAngle/4]) cube([wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1,wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1,wheel_height+2]);
			rotate ([0,0,-OpeningAngle/4]) translate([-(wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1),0,0]) cube([wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1,wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1,wheel_height+2]);
difference() {
			cylinder(r=wheel_or_idiam/2+wheel_or_diam+1,h=wheel_height+2);
cylinder(r=(wheel_or_idiam/2+wheel_or_diam+1)-cutout,h=wheel_height+2);
}
		}

rotate([0,0,-OpeningAngle/4+0.05]) intersection() {
			rotate([0,0,OpeningAngle/4]) cube([wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1,wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1,wheel_height+2]);
			rotate ([0,0,-OpeningAngle/4]) translate([-(wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1),0,0]) cube([wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1,wheel_or_idiam+wheel_or_diam+1,wheel_height+2]);
difference() {
			cylinder(r=wheel_or_idiam/2+wheel_or_diam+1,h=wheel_height+2);
cylinder(r=(wheel_or_idiam/2+wheel_or_diam+1)-cutout,h=wheel_height+2);
}
		}

}
rotate([0,-90,OpeningAngle/2]) translate([0,wheel_or_idiam/2+hole_diam/2,-1]) cylinder(r = hole_diam/2, h = wheel_or_idiam,$fn=100);
rotate([0,90,-OpeningAngle/2]) translate([0,wheel_or_idiam/2+hole_diam/2,-1]) cylinder(r = hole_diam/2, h = wheel_or_idiam,$fn=100);

  }

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------
//-- Generic module for the horn's drills
//-- Parameters:
//--  d = drill's radial distance (from the horn's center)
//--  n = number of drills
//--  h = wheel height
//--------------------------------------------------------------
module horn_drills(d,n,h)
{
  union() {
    for ( i = [0 : n-1] ) {
        rotate([0,0,i*360/n])
        translate([0,d,0])
        cylinder(r=horn_drill_diam/2, h=h+10,center=true, $fn=6);
      }
  }
}

//-----------------------------------------
//-- Futaba 3003 horn4 arm
//-- This module is just one arm
//-----------------------------------------
module horn4_arm(h=5)
{
  translate([0,a4h_arm_length-a4h_end_diam/2,0])
  //-- The arm consist of the perimeter of a cylinder and a cube
  hull() {
    cylinder(r=a4h_end_diam/2, h=h, center=true, $fn=20);
    translate([0,1-a4h_arm_length+a4h_end_diam/2,0])
      cube([a4h_center_diam,2,h],center=true);
  }
}

//-----------------------------------------
//-- Futaba 3003 horn6 arm
//-- This module is just one arm
//-----------------------------------------
module horn6_arm(h=5)
{
  translate([0,a6h_arm_length-a6h_end_diam/2,0])
  //-- The arm consist of the perimeter of a cylinder and a cube
  hull() {
    cylinder(r=a6h_end_diam/2, h=h, center=true, $fn=20);
    translate([0,-a6h_arm_length+a6h_end_diam/2,0])
    cube([a6h_arm_base_diam,0.1,h],center=true);
  }
}

//-------------------------------------------
//-- Futaba 3003 4-arm horn
//-------------------------------------------
module horn4(h=5)
{
  union() {
    //-- Center part (is a square)
    cube([a4h_center_diam+0.2,a4h_center_diam+0.2,h],center=true);

    //-- Place the 4 arms in every side of the cube
    for ( i = [0 : 3] ) {
      rotate( [0,0,i*90])
      translate([0, a4h_center_diam/2, 0])
      horn4_arm(h);
    }
  }

}

//-------------------------------------------
//-- Futaba 3003 6-arm horn
//-------------------------------------------
module horn6(h=5)
{
  union() {
    //-- The center part is a cylinder
    cylinder(r=15/2,h=h,center=true);

    //-- Place the 6 arms rotated 60 degrees
    for ( i = [0 : 5] ) {
      rotate( [0,0,i*60])
      translate([0, 15/2*cos(30), 0])
      horn6_arm(h);
    }
  }
}

//-------------------------------------------------------
//--  A Wheel for the futaba 3003 rounded horns
//--------------------------------------------------------
module Servo_wheel_rounded_horn()
{
  difference() {
      raw_wheel(or_idiam=wheel_or_idiam, or_diam=wheel_or_diam, h=wheel_height);

      //-- Inner drill
      cylinder(center=true, h=2*wheel_height + 10, r=rh_diam1/2+0.2,$fn=100);

      //-- Carved circle for the Futaba rounded horn
      translate([0,0,-wheel_height/2+horn_height-horn_plate_height])
       cylinder(r=rh_diam2/2+0.25, h=2*wheel_height+10,$fn=30);

      //-- small drills for the rounded horn
      horn_drills(d=rounded_horn_drill_distance, n=4, h=wheel_height);
  }

}

//-------------------------------------------------------
//--  A Wheel for the futaba 3003 4-arm horns
//--------------------------------------------------------
module Servo_wheel_4_arm_horn()
{
  difference() {
      raw_wheel(or_idiam=wheel_or_idiam, or_diam=wheel_or_diam, h=wheel_height);

      //-- Inner drill
      cylinder(center=true, h=2*wheel_height + 10, r=a4h_center_diam/2,$fn=20);

      //-- substract the 4-arm servo horn
      translate([0,0,horn_height-horn_plate_height])
        horn4(h=wheel_height);

      //-- Horn drills
      horn_drills(d=a4h_drill_distance, n=4, h=wheel_height);

  }
}

//-------------------------------------------------------
//--  A Wheel for the futaba 3003 6-arm horns
//--------------------------------------------------------
module Servo_wheel_6_arm_horn()
{
  difference() {
      raw_wheel(or_idiam=wheel_or_idiam, or_diam=wheel_or_diam, h=wheel_height);

       //-- Inner drill
      cylinder(center=true, h=2*wheel_height + 10, r=a6h_center_diam/2,$fn=20);

      //-- substract the 6-arm horn
      translate([0,0,horn_height-horn_plate_height])
      horn6(h=wheel_height);

      //-- Horn drills
      horn_drills(d=a6h_drill_distance, n=6, h=wheel_height);
  }
}

//-- select
if( horn_type== 1) Servo_wheel_rounded_horn();
if( horn_type== 2) Servo_wheel_4_arm_horn();
if( horn_type== 3) Servo_wheel_6_arm_horn();

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a centrifugal fan for 3D printing, and I'm looking for a parametric OpenSCAD file. I'd like to control several aspects of the fan through variables.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm after:

**General Shape:** The fan will essentially be a truncated cone, with a smaller circle at the top than the bottom. This will act as the main structural component to which the blades are attached.

**Dimensions:** I need to control the following dimensions through variables:

*   `FAN_WIDTH`: The diameter of the base of the cone in millimeters.
*   `FAN_HEIGHT`: The overall height of the cone in millimeters.
*   `RING_HEIGHT`: The height of the reinforcing rings at the top and bottom in millimeters.
*   `RING_WIDTH`: The width of the reinforcing rings at the top and bottom in millimeters.
*   `SHAFT_DIAMETER`: The diameter of the central shaft hole in millimeters.

**Rings:** There should be two reinforcing rings, one at the top and one at the bottom of the cone. These will have the same width and height and should be concentric with the cone, i.e., they will follow the same cylindrical shape. The rings should be positioned such that their outer edge is aligned with the edge of the cone, and their inner edge forms a circular channel to make the structure more rigid.

**Blades:** I need a series of curved blades attached to the inside of the bottom ring. The blades should:

*   `BLADE_COUNT`: Have a variable number of blades.
*   `BLADE_WIDTH`: Have a variable width for each blade.
*   `BLADE_ANGLE`: Have a variable angle in degrees to control blade curvature. The angle should be relative to the radius. A negative angle will indicate a blade that curves backward relative to the direction of rotation.
*   Be oriented such that they attach to the center of the bottom ring and are flush with it in the Z direction. They should extend vertically to the top of the cone.
*   Be attached along the inner circumference of the channel created by the ring.

**Parameter Behavior:** I want to be able to change these variables and have the design update appropriately. For example, if I increase the `FAN_WIDTH`, the entire cone and ring diameters need to grow proportionally.  Also, the number of blades should be variable.

**Output:** I'd like the output to be a single 3D solid model, suitable for 3D printing, with all features properly merged. I'm using OpenSCAD, so I don't expect to have to import any external CAD files. I do not want to use any external libraries.

Could you provide me with an OpenSCAD file that accomplishes this?

[Assistant]
centrifugal_fan.scad:
```
// USER-DEFINED VARIABLES (IN MILLIMETERS)
FAN_WIDTH = 40;
FAN_HEIGHT = 13;
RING_HEIGHT = 2;
RING_WIDTH = 4;
BLADE_COUNT = 35;
BLADE_WIDTH = 1;
BLADE_ANGLE = -45;	// Degrees
SHAFT_DIAMETER = 2;

// CALCULATED VALUES (DO NOT CHANGE)
bottomRadius = FAN_WIDTH / 2;
topRadius = bottomRadius * 0.25;
ringCenterRadius = bottomRadius - RING_WIDTH;
shaftRadius = SHAFT_DIAMETER / 2;

// CONE
difference()
{
	cylinder(r1 = bottomRadius, r2 = topRadius, h = FAN_HEIGHT, $fn = 100);
	cylinder(r1 = shaftRadius, r2 = shaftRadius, h = FAN_HEIGHT, $fn = 100);
}

// TOP RING
translate([0, 0, FAN_HEIGHT - RING_HEIGHT])
difference()
{
	cylinder(r1 = bottomRadius, r2 = bottomRadius, h = RING_HEIGHT, $fn = 100);
	cylinder(r1 = ringCenterRadius, r2 = ringCenterRadius, h = RING_HEIGHT, $fn = 100);
}

// BOTTOM RING
difference()
{
	cylinder(r1 = bottomRadius, r2 = bottomRadius, h = RING_HEIGHT, $fn = 100);
	cylinder(r1 = ringCenterRadius, r2 = ringCenterRadius, h = RING_HEIGHT, $fn = 100);
}

// BLADES
rotate( 90, [0, 1, 0] )
for ( i = [0 : BLADE_COUNT - 1] )
{
    rotate(i * 360 / BLADE_COUNT, [1, 0, 0])
    translate([-FAN_HEIGHT, bottomRadius - RING_WIDTH, 0])
	 rotate(BLADE_ANGLE, [1, 0, 0])
    cube([FAN_HEIGHT, RING_WIDTH, BLADE_WIDTH], center = false);
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design some chainmail in OpenSCAD, and I'd like it to be fairly quick and easy to print. I've got some ideas based on an existing design, but I'd like it to be more flexible and parametric.

Here's what I'm thinking based on the existing design:

*   **Basic Link Shape:** I want to stick with the simple square links for speed and printability.
*   **Bridges:** The straight bridges connecting the links are also good for simplicity, so let's keep those.
*   **Extensibility:** I like the idea that I can knit pieces together, so I definitely want open links on some edges for that.
*   **Ditto Printing:** I would like an option for ditto printing, like the original design.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **Overall Dimensions:** I need to be able to specify the width (`x_dim`) and length (`y_dim`) of the chainmail sheet.
*   **Thickness:** I need to specify the thickness of the links (`T`).
*   **Vertical Tolerance:** I'll need to adjust the vertical spacing between the bridges (`vtol`). This is important to allow the pieces to move.
*   **Nozzle Separation:** For ditto printing I need a `nozzle_separation` parameter, and related parameters.
*   **Links Between Nozzles:**  When ditto printing, we will specify how many links will be generated between nozzles (`np`).
*   **Cut Width:** I'd like to specify the gap for the open links (`gap`).
*  **Link Size:** This should be derived or parameterized from other variables.

Here are some features I'd like the design to include:

*   **Ditto Printing Option:** I want a boolean switch (`ditto`) to enable or disable ditto printing. If ditto printing is disabled, there should be a single repeating section. If enabled, it should generate sections of links offset in the x-axis, based on the number of links between the nozzles and nozzle separation.
*   **Open Link Options:** I would like to specify which edges of the mesh have open links using booleans `openX` and `openY`.
*   **Build Plate Display:** I'd like to include a build plate visualization from the `utils/build_plate.scad` file. I need to be able to specify some common printer sizes and also a manual size.

I'm looking for an OpenSCAD file that is clean, easy to understand, and fully parametric according to these specifications. I would also like to avoid complex math and functions if possible. The more modular the code, the better. I do not need you to include any functions that can be found in common libraries; I can handle those on my own.

Could you please provide me with the OpenSCAD code that fulfills these requirements?

[Assistant]
chainmail.scad:
```
// Dual head ditto printing
ditto=true;//[true:Enabled,false:Disabled]
//Width of chainmail
x_dim=220;
//Length of chainmail
y_dim=140;
// thickness
T=2;
// vertical spacing
vtol=0.6;
// number of links between nozzles
np=3;
// for ditto printing, also controls size of links
nozzle_separation=33;
// cut width for open links
gap=0.2;

use <utils/build_plate.scad>

//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 1; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]
build_plate_manual_x = 220; //[100:400]
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

pitch=nozzle_separation/np;
w=pitch-(pitch/2-2*T)/2;
echo(w);

if(ditto)
	dittomesh(stripes=round(x_dim/(np*2*pitch)-0.5-1/(4*np)),m=round(y_dim/pitch-1));
else
	mesh(n=round(x_dim/pitch-1),m=round(y_dim/pitch-1));

module dittomesh(stripes,m)
for(i=[1:stripes])assign(o= i==stripes ? 1 : 0)
	translate([(i-stripes/2-1/4)*np*2*pitch,0,0])mesh(np,m,openX=o);

module mesh(n=2,m=2,openX=1,openY=1){
translate([pitch/4,pitch/4,T/2])grid(n,m,openX,openY);
translate([-pitch/4,-pitch/4,T/2])grid(n,m);
}

module grid(n=2,m=2,openX=0,openY=0)
for(i=[1:n]){
	for(j=[1:m]){
		assign(open= ((i==n && openX) || (j==m && openY)) ? 1 : 0)
		translate([(i-n/2-1/2)*pitch,(j-m/2-1/2)*pitch,0])link(open);
	}
}

module link(open=0)
difference(){
	cube([w,w,T],center=true);
	translate([0,0,T/2-vtol/2])cube([w+T,w-2*T,T],center=true);
	translate([0,0,-T/2+vtol/2])cube([w-2*T,w+T,T],center=true);
	translate([w/2,-w,vtol/2])rotate([0,-45,0])cube(2*w);
	translate([-w/2,-w,vtol/2])rotate([0,-45,0])cube(2*w);
	translate([-w,w/2,-vtol/2])rotate([-135,0,0])cube(2*w);
	translate([-w,-w/2,-vtol/2])rotate([-135,0,0])cube(2*w);
	if(open==1)translate([w,0,0])cube([2*w,gap,2*T],center=true);
}
```


[User]
Okay, so I've got this storage rack system I'm working on, and I'd like to make it more flexible and parametric. Right now, it's a bit rigid.

Here's what I have: I've got a rack that can hold four different types of storage bins: half-height bins, standard height bins, double-width bins, and quad-width bins. The current SCAD code defines how many rows of each type there are, but the number of columns is fixed. I'd like to change this.

Here are the current bin sizes (external, approximately):
*   Half Bin: 30 x 14 x 68
*   Bin: 30 x 28 x 68
*   Double Bin: 60 x 28 x 68
*   Quad Bin: 120 x 28 x 68

The current system uses a grid-based approach to position the bins.

Here's what I'd like the parametric design to achieve:
*   **Adjustable Columns:**  I need to be able to specify the number of *columns* for each type of bin. Currently, there are always 4 columns for half-height and standard bins, 2 columns for double bins and 1 for quad bins and this is set in the for loops. I need to be able to change this.
*   **Adjustable Rows:** I want to keep being able to set the number of rows for each bin type as I have in my current file, so `half_row`, `normal_row`, `double_row`, and `quad_row`.
*   **Overall Rack Width:** I'd like to be able to specify an overall rack width. This would ideally determine the column numbers for the various bin types.
*   **Adjustable Bin Spacing:** I'd like to have a parameter to control spacing between bins and also have a parameter to control the width of each wall between bins. I'd also like to have these parameters for the bottom and sides of the bins for the surrounding frame.

Ideally the code will use the following parameters:

*   `half_row` - Number of rows of half-height bins
*   `normal_row` - Number of rows of standard height bins
*   `double_row` - Number of rows of double-width bins
*   `quad_row` - Number of rows of quad-width bins
*   `rack_width` - Desired width of the entire rack
*    `bin_spacing` - Spacing between bins.
*   `wall_width` - Width of bin walls.
*   `frame_spacing_x` - Side frame gap
*   `frame_spacing_z` - bottom frame gap

My current code uses simple `cube()` commands with some `translate()` and `difference()` operations and doesn't really use any libraries beyond what is included in the basic OpenSCAD installation. I'm happy to keep it like this if it's easier, though I'm comfortable with libraries if they make the code cleaner (like the MCAD library). I have no preference between using BOSL and MCAD, either would be fine.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that meets these requirements?

[Assistant]
RackV1.5.scad:
```
// Half height row(s)
half_row = 1; // [0:10]

// Standard height/width row(s)
normal_row = 1; // [0:10]

//Double width row(s)
double_row = 1; // [0:10]

//Quad width row(s)
quad_row = 1; // [0:10]

grid();

module grid (){
rotate(a=[270,0,0]){
	if (half_row > 0) {
		for (row = [1:half_row]) {
			for (col = [1 : 4]) {
				translate(v = [col*30, 0, row*13.5]) {
						half_box();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if (normal_row > 0) {
		for (row = [1:normal_row]) {
			for (col = [1 : 4]) {
				translate(v = [col*30, 0, row*27+(half_row*13.5-6.75)]) {
						box();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if (double_row > 0) {
		for (row = [1:double_row]) {
			for (col = [1 : 2]) {
				translate(v = [col*60-15 , 0, row*27+(half_row*13.5-6.75)+(normal_row*27)]) {
						double_box();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if (quad_row > 0) {
		for (row = [1:quad_row]) {
			translate(v = [75 , 0, row*27+(half_row*13.5-6.75)+(normal_row*27)+(double_row*27)]) {
					quad_box();
			}
		}
	}
}
}

module half_box(){
	difference() {
		cube(size = [31,68,14.5], center = true);
		cube(size = [29,70,12.5], center = true);
	}

	translate(v = [0,33.5,0]) {
		cube(size = [31,1,3], center=true);
	}

}

module box(){
	difference() {
		cube(size = [31,68,28], center = true);
		cube(size = [29,70,26], center = true);
	}

	translate(v = [0,33.5,0]) {
		cube(size = [31,1,6], center=true);
	}
}

module double_box(){
	difference() {
		cube(size = [61,68,28], center = true);
		cube(size = [59,70,26], center = true);
	}

	translate(v = [0,33.5,0]) {
		cube(size = [61,1,6], center=true);
	}
}

module quad_box(){
	difference() {
		cube(size = [121,68,28], center = true);
		cube(size = [119,70,26], center = true);
	}

	translate(v = [0,33.5,0]) {
		cube(size = [121,1,6], center=true);
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable wrench in OpenSCAD, and I'd like it to have some specific features and flexibility. I've seen some designs online, but I want to refine and combine some of the best ideas.

Here's what I'm aiming for:

**Core Functionality:**

*   **Parametric Nut Size:** The wrench should be designed around a specified nut size (in millimeters). This value should drive the dimensions of the wrench opening.
*   **Automatic Tool Thickness:** The wrench's thickness (height) should be automatically determined based on the nut size, probably something like half the nut size.
*   **Adjustable Length:** I want a parameter to control the overall length of the wrench, but it should also be somewhat related to the nut size. It'd be great if I could adjust it by a multiplier.
*   **Open and Closed Ends:** The wrench should have both an open-end and a closed-end, and I want the option to choose: only open end, only closed end or both.
*   **Text Engraving:**  I need to be able to engrave text on the wrench, specifically the nut size it fits. I'd like the font to be configurable using dxf files, and for the text height to scale with the nut size.
*   **Dual Extrusion Support:** It needs to support dual extrusion, so that I can print the main body in one color and the text in another if I want to.

**Detailed Design Requests:**

*   **Open End Geometry:** The open-end of the wrench should have a typical jaw shape with an angled entry. The opening should be sized appropriately for the specified nut size, and have rounded edges.
*   **Closed End Geometry:** The closed-end should be a hexagonal shape sized to fit the nut. This hexagon should also have rounded edges.
*   **Rounded Edges:** All the edges of the wrench should be rounded, to give it a more refined look.
*  **Printer Margin:** There should be a parameter to adjust the printer margin, to account for variation in print tolerances on different machines.

**Parameters:**

I want these parameters to be easily adjustable:

*   `Nut_Size`:  (Integer, in millimeters) - The size of the nut the wrench is designed for.
*   `Tool_Length`: (Integer) - A multiplier that determines overall length based on nut size.
*   `ToolOptions`: (Integer: 1, 2, or 3) - 1 = Open End Only, 2 = Both Sides, 3 = Closed End Only
*   `Font`: (String, filename of DXF file) - The font file to use for text engraving.
*   `DualExtrusion`: (String, "Extruder1" or "Extruder2") - Which extruder to use for the text.
*   `kerf`: (Float, in mm) - The margin for printing tolerances
*  `message`: (String) the message printed on the wrench (ideally the Nut_Size value as a string)

**Libraries:**
I am expecting that you'll use the `MCAD/shapes.scad` library for basic shapes, and the `write/Write.scad` library for text. I don't expect you to include these files, but I am mentioning them for clarity.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code to fulfill these requests? I'm looking for a parametric design that I can easily adjust.

[Assistant]
Wrench_v1_3.scad:
```
include <MCAD/shapes.scad>
include <write/Write.scad>

//(max 12 characters if using default tool lenght)
message = "13mm";

// Typeface
Font = "write/Letters.dxf";//["write/Letters.dxf":Basic,"write/orbitron.dxf":Futuristic,"write/BlackRose.dxf":Fancy]

//Nut size in mm
Nut_Size = 13;

//Height (thickness) of tool
Tool_Height = Nut_Size/2;

//Length adjust for tool (Nutsize)
Tool_Length = 10;//[4:20]

// Choose Extruder2 if you want the text to be filled in with another color
DualExtrusion = "Extruder1";//[Extruder1,Extruder2]
ToolOptions = 2;//[1:Open End Only,2:Both Sides,3:Closed End Only]

// Printer margin (because some printers print a little bit thicker)
kerf = 0.3; // Printing margin

D = Nut_Size + kerf; 	// DIAMETER OF NUT
M = D/4; 	// MARGIN
H = Tool_Height; 	// HEIGHT (THICKNESS) OF TOOL
Ltot = D * Tool_Length; 	// TOTAL LENGTH OF TOOL
Text_Height = Nut_Size*0.7 ;

// Length from Center of One Side to Center of Other Side
L = Ltot-2*(D/2+M);

rotate([0, 0, -45]){

if (DualExtrusion == "Extruder1"){
difference() {
	union() {
if(ToolOptions > 1){	translate([0,L/2,H/2]) rcylinder(r1 = (D*0.85),r2 = (D*0.85), h = H,center = true,b=Nut_Size*0.1);
		}
		if(ToolOptions < 3){translate([0,-L/2,H/2]) rcylinder(r1 = (D*1.1),r2 = (D*1.1), h = H,center = true,b=Nut_Size*0.1);}

		translate([0,0,H/2]) rcube([D*1,L,H],b=Nut_Size*0.1);
	}
	if(ToolOptions < 3){translate([0,-L/2 - D / 4,H/2 - 0.5]) rotate([0,0,30]) hexagon(D, H + 2);}

	translate([0,-L/2 - D - D / 4,H/2 - 0.5]) {
		cube([D,2*D,H + 2], center = true);
	}
	if(ToolOptions > 1){ translate([0,L/2,H/2 - 0.5]) rotate([0,0,30]) hexagon(D, H + 2);

	}
	translate([0, 0, H - .4]){
		rotate([0,0,90]) WriteText();
	}
}
}
if (DualExtrusion == "Extruder2"){
	translate([0, 0, H - .4]){
		rotate([0,0,90]) WriteText();}
}
}

module WriteText() {minkowski(){cube([0.1,0.1,0.1]);
		write(message,t=.5,h=Text_Height,center=true,font=Font);}}

// Rounded primitives for openscad
// (c) 2013 Wouter Robers

// Syntax example for a rounded block
// translate([-15,0,10]) rcube([20,20,20],2);

// Syntax example for a rounded cylinder
// translate([15,0,10]) rcylinder(r1=15,r2=10,h=20,b=2);

module rcube(Size=[20,20,20],b=1)
{hull(){for(x=[-(Size[0]/2-b),(Size[0]/2-b)]){for(y=[-(Size[1]/2-b),(Size[1]/2-b)]){for(z=[-(Size[2]/2-b),(Size[2]/2-b)]){ translate([x,y,z]) sphere(b);}}}}}

module rcylinder(r1=10,r2=10,h=10,b=1)
{translate([0,0,-h/2]) hull(){rotate_extrude() translate([r1-b,b,0]) circle(r = b); rotate_extrude() translate([r2-b, h-b, 0]) circle(r = b);}}

```


[User]
Okay, I need an OpenSCAD design for drawer dividers. I've been using this script I found online, but it's a bit clunky, and I'd like something more flexible and easier to customize.

Here's what I need:

The design should create a set of interlocking dividers for a rectangular drawer or box. It needs to be fully parametric, so I can adjust the box dimensions, divider height, material thickness, and the layout of the compartments.

**Here are the parameters I'd like to control:**

*   **`drawer_width`:** The width of the drawer or box (integer value, in mm).
*   **`drawer_depth`:** The depth of the drawer or box (integer value, in mm).
*   **`divider_height`:** The height of the dividers (integer value, in mm).
*   **`material_thickness`:** The thickness of the material used for the dividers (integer value, in mm).
*   **`layout_mode`:** A choice between two layout methods:
    *   **`fixed_number`:** Specify the exact number of horizontal and vertical compartments.
    *   **`fixed_size`:** Specify the desired width and depth of each compartment, and the design should calculate how many fit.
*   **`boxes_horizontal`:** (Only used in `fixed_number` mode) The number of horizontal compartments. (integer, minimum 1)
*   **`boxes_vertical`:** (Only used in `fixed_number` mode) The number of vertical compartments (integer, minimum 1)
*  **`boxes_width`**: (Only used in `fixed_size` mode) The width of a single compartment (integer value in mm).
*  **`boxes_depth`**: (Only used in `fixed_size` mode) The depth of a single compartment (integer value in mm).
*   **`output_mode`**: A choice between outputting just the major parts (horizontal and vertical dividers) or all individual pieces.
*   **`part_separation`**:  The distance to leave between the parts when outputting them all. (integer, in mm)

**How the dividers should work:**

*   The dividers should be interlocking with slots that are the width of the material thickness, placed halfway up the divider height.
*   The horizontal dividers should run the full width of the drawer.
*   The vertical dividers should run the full depth of the drawer.
*   In `fixed_number` mode, the compartments should be as close to evenly spaced as possible.
*   In `fixed_size` mode, the design should create as many compartments of the specified size as possible, the last compartment is allowed to be smaller.

**Output:**
I need a design that can be exported as a 2D drawing (like a DXF or SVG) so I can laser cut or CNC mill the dividers. I'd also like to be able to see a 3D preview in OpenSCAD as well.

Can you create an OpenSCAD file that provides these parameters and produces this design?

[Assistant]
parametric-box-divider.scad:
```
/* drawer_divider
 * ==============
 *
 * a open scad project that lets you create dxf files to
 * laser cut or cnc mill dividers for any drawer
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2013  ToM Krickl <thomas@krickl.eu>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * The latest version can be found here:
 * http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:70338
 * https://github.com/ToM-Korn/drawer_divider
 *
 * contibutions welcome! please send me pull requests!
 *
 * Changelog:
 *
 * 2013-04-06, ToM
 * generated - posted
 *
 * ToDo:
 * Test with different materials - add a material chooser for balancing
 * inaccuracy in cutting different materials
 */

/* [Drawer/Box Size and Divider] */

// The width of your drawer/box
drawer_width_int = 300;
// The depth of your drawer/box
drawer_depth_int = 150;
// The hight of the dividers
divider_hight_int = 50;

// The thickness of the material you are cutting the dividers out
material_thickness_int = 4;

/* [Separation Settings] */

// Choose if you want to have fixed number of boxes with all the same size or a fixed value for a box that will be repeated as often as possible
fixed_number_b = 1; // [0:FixedSize, 1:FixedNumber]

// Choose how many horizontal boxes you want to have
boxes_horizontal_int = 2;
// Choose how many vertical boxes you want to have
boxes_vertical_int = 4;
// Choose the fixed width of a box (only works with fixed_number set to FixedSize (0))
boxes_width_int = 10;
// Choose the fixed depth of a box (only works with fixed_number set to FixedSize (0))
boxes_depth_int = 10;

/* [Output] */

// Choose if you want just the two major (horizontal and vertical) parts or all parts that will be needed to cut the box dividers
all_parts_b = 0; // [0:JustMajorParts, 1:AllParts]

// Choose distance between parts
distance_int = 5;

module comb_hor(parts_int) {
	for (multiplyer_int = [0:parts_int]){
	difference(){
		translate(v=[0,(-divider_hight_int/2-distance_int/2)-(multiplyer_int*(divider_hight_int+distance_int)),0]) square(size=[drawer_width_int,divider_hight_int],center=true);
		if (fixed_number_b){
			for (x=[1:boxes_vertical_int-1]){
				translate(v=[-(drawer_width_int/2)+(drawer_width_int/boxes_vertical_int)*x,(-divider_hight_int/2-distance_int/2)+(divider_hight_int/4)-(multiplyer_int*(divider_hight_int+distance_int)),0]) square(size=[material_thickness_int,divider_hight_int/2+2],center=true);

			}
		}
		else {
			for (x=[1:round(drawer_width_int/boxes_width_int)-1]){
				translate(v=[-(drawer_width_int/2)+boxes_width_int*x,(-divider_hight_int/2-distance_int/2)+(divider_hight_int/4)-(multiplyer_int*(divider_hight_int+distance_int)),0]) square(size=[material_thickness_int,divider_hight_int/2+2],center=true);
			}
		}
	}
    }
}

module comb_ver(parts_int) {
	for (multiplyer_int = [0:parts_int]){
		difference(){
			translate(v=[0,(divider_hight_int/2+distance_int/2)+(multiplyer_int*(divider_hight_int+distance_int)),0]) square(size=[drawer_depth_int,divider_hight_int],center=true);
		if (fixed_number_b){
			for (x=[1:boxes_horizontal_int-1]){
				translate(v=[-(drawer_depth_int/2)+(drawer_depth_int/boxes_horizontal_int)*x,((divider_hight_int/2+distance_int/2)-(divider_hight_int/4))+(multiplyer_int*(divider_hight_int+distance_int)),0]) square(size=[material_thickness_int,divider_hight_int/2+2],center=true);

			}
		} else {
			for (x=[1:round(drawer_depth_int/boxes_depth_int)-1]){
				translate(v=[-(drawer_depth_int/2)+boxes_depth_int*x,((divider_hight_int/2+distance_int/2)-(divider_hight_int/4))+(multiplyer_int*(divider_hight_int+distance_int)),0]) square(size=[material_thickness_int,divider_hight_int/2+2],center=true);
			}
		}
		}
	}

}

if (all_parts_b) {
	if (fixed_number_b){
		comb_hor(boxes_horizontal_int-2);
		comb_ver(boxes_vertical_int-2);
	} else {
		comb_hor(round(drawer_depth_int/boxes_depth_int)-2);
		comb_ver(round(drawer_width_int/boxes_width_int)-2);
	}

} else {
	comb_hor(0);
	comb_ver(0);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design to help me stack cans in my pantry. I've got a bunch of cans that don't have that little indented lip at the bottom, so they're always toppling over. I've made a basic version of this already, but I'd really like something more flexible and user-friendly.

Basically, I need a disc-shaped platform with a raised edge to hold the bottom can and a flat top surface for the next can to sit on. Here's what I'm thinking about for parameters:

*   **Can Diameter:** This should be a variable so I can adjust the platform to fit different sized cans. I'd like to be able to specify this as a single diameter value, and the design should automatically calculate the overall size.
*   **Stacker Height:**  I need to be able to adjust the overall height of the stacker plate.
*   **Inner Spacing:** The amount of space between the can and the inner wall of the stacking plate; this is related to the wall thickness. I need to be able to adjust this parameter.
*   **Wall Thickness:** The thickness of the outer wall that keeps the can from sliding off. I'd like to specify this as a parameter rather than have it calculated.
*   **Plate Thickness:** The thickness of the supporting plate itself. I'd also like to be able to specify this directly.
*   **Plate Height:** This is where the flat surface of the plate will be, and it'll also determine the distance between the edge of the container, and the flat surface of the plate.

It would be great if the design could handle a small amount of overhang by using a gradual angle on the outer walls. I was using a 45-degree angle in my current design, but it's not really necessary to specify this angle. What matters most is the final height and the size of the inner lip.

I'd like the design to be efficient to print, so keeping the inner support simple is important; it doesn't need to be a complex lattice or anything. I was just using a single cylinder for my support structure.

I need the generated file to be well-commented, and make it easy to adjust the dimensions for different cans. I'm thinking I may need to vary the inner spacing and height to fit cans of different sizes.

I'm not using any special libraries, just vanilla OpenSCAD should be fine for this design.

[Assistant]
Can_Stacking_Plate._V1.0.scad:
```
// Can Stacking Plate:
//
//	Simple Cylinder with plate to help stacking cans in the pantry.
//   We use 45 degree settings to allow overhang printing if required.
//

// In mm.
	DiameterOfCan = 75;

// In mm.
	HeightOfStacker = 20;

	InnerSpacing = 1 * 1;
	ThicknessOfCylinder = DiameterOfCan/7;
	ThicknessOfPlate = 2 * 1;
	HeightOfPlate = ( HeightOfStacker - ThicknessOfPlate)/2 ;

// Offset and rotate for build platform.

	translate([0,HeightOfStacker/2,(DiameterOfCan + InnerSpacing+ThicknessOfCylinder)/2.165 ])
	rotate([90,45/2,0])

// Generate outer cylinder

	difference() {

		cylinder( h=HeightOfStacker, r=(DiameterOfCan + InnerSpacing + ThicknessOfCylinder)/2, $fa = 45);
 		cylinder( h=HeightOfStacker, r=(DiameterOfCan + InnerSpacing)/2, $fs = 1 );
	}

// Offset and rotate for build platform.

	translate([0,HeightOfStacker/2,(DiameterOfCan + InnerSpacing+ ThicknessOfCylinder)/2.16 ])
	rotate([90,45/2,0])
	translate([0,0,HeightOfPlate ])

// Generate inner support.

	difference() {
		cylinder( h=ThicknessOfPlate, r=(DiameterOfCan + InnerSpacing)/2, $fs = 1);
		cylinder( h=ThicknessOfPlate, r=(DiameterOfCan + InnerSpacing)/2.2, $fs = 30);
	}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to generate a customizable thumbnut design in OpenSCAD. I want to be able to control various aspects of its shape and dimensions using parameters. Here's what I need:

The basic shape will be a central nut with a number of "wings" radiating outwards.

**Key Parameters:**

*   **`total_d`**: The overall diameter of the thumbnut, encompassing the wings.
*   **`wing_count`**: The number of wings extending from the central nut. This needs to be a variable I can adjust.
*   **`wing_thick_d`**: The diameter of the wing at its outer edge.
*   **`wing_thin_d`**: The diameter of the wing where it meets the central nut.
*   **`wing_h`**: The height (thickness) of the wing at its outer edge.
*   **`nut_d`**: The diameter of the nut part from corner to corner.  This can be set to zero to disable the nut shape entirely and just use a cylindrical hole.
*   **`hex_nut`**: A boolean (1 or 0) to select between a hexagonal nut shape (1) and a simple cylindrical hole (0).
*   **`nut_th`**: The thickness of the nut itself.
*   **`thread_d`**: The diameter of the thread hole inside the nut.
*   **`nut_shoulder_z`**: The thickness of the shoulder below the central nut. This is added to the nut's thickness to calculate how far it protrudes from the main body.
*   **`nut_shoulder_x`**: The extra width around the central nut, effectively controlling how wide the base of the wing is.
*    **`roundness_ratio`**: A percentage (1-99) that affects the roundness of the transitions between parts, controlling the curvature of the wing edges and their connection to the nut. This ratio should also affect the radius used for the torus-based "rcyl" function.

**Functional Requirements:**

*   **Wings:**  The wings should be created using a `hull` operation, connecting a thicker outer circle to a thinner inner one. The inner circle's diameter and location should be affected by `nut_shoulder_x`. The wing's shape should use `rcyl` (which I think is a custom function using `torus`?) to achieve smooth curves.
*   **Central Nut:**
    *   The central nut needs a hole for a bolt. The shape should be a hexagon if `hex_nut` is 1, otherwise, it should be a cylinder. The hole's diameter is specified by `nut_d`.
    *   The `nut_th` parameter determines the thickness of the nut. `nut_shoulder_z` determines the distance the nut protrudes from the main body of the thumbnut.
    *   There should be a thread hole passing through everything, with the diameter given by `thread_d`.
*   **Smooth Transitions:** The shape should be smooth. I want to use torus shapes (`rcyl`, `torus` functions) to ensure round edges where possible, and be able to influence the roundness.
*   **Tolerance:** I'd like a slight tolerance on the thread and nut holes for printing. This tolerance is represented by the `tol` variable.
*   **Custom Functions**: A custom function `rcyl` (using `torus`) is used to create smoothly rounded cylinders and should be preserved. The `torus` function is also needed.
*   **Subtractive Manufacturing**: The script should be designed for 3D printing (i.e. it should remove volumes to create final shape, not use minkowski operations).

**Additional Notes:**

*   The design is meant to be printed, so small details are less important than overall strength and the customizability of the parameters.
*   The code uses an `$fs` parameter for the `circle` and I assume for `torus`. I'd like to keep this in the code and set to 0.3.
*   I'd like to have all parameters easily changeable at the top of the script.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code that implements this design? I don't need any external libraries. I'd like the custom functions `torus` and `rcyl` to be part of the script.

[Assistant]
thumbnut.scad:
```

// Total diameter
total_d = 60;

// Number of wings
wing_count = 3; //[1:16]

// Wing diameter on the outside
wing_thick_d = 8;

// Wing diameter on the inside
wing_thin_d = 5;

// Wing height (on the outside)
wing_h = 7;

// Nut diameter (from corner to corner). eg. 14.6 for a M8 or 8 for a M4. Zero to disable.
nut_d = 14.6;

// Hex nut vs. just a cylindrical hole
hex_nut = 1; //[1:Hexagonal,0:Cylindrical]

// Nut thickness or lower for the nut to protrude, eg. 6.6 for M8 or 3.1 for M4.
nut_th = 6.6;

// Thread diameter, eg. 8 for M8 or 4 for M4
thread_d = 8;

// Thickness below the central nut (core thickness is the nut thickness added to this)
nut_shoulder_z = 2;

// Thickness around the central nut
nut_shoulder_x= 2.8;

// Overall roundness ratio (100 produces fully rounded wings)
roundness_ratio = 30; // [1:99]

roundness= roundness_ratio * min(wing_h, nut_th + nut_shoulder_z) / 100;

$fs=0.3+0;
tol= 0.05+0;

module torus(r,rnd)
{
	translate([0,0,rnd/2])
		rotate_extrude(convexity= 10)
			translate([r-rnd/2, 0, 0])
				circle(r= rnd/2, $fs=0.2);
}

module rcyl(r,h, zcenter=false, rnd=1)
{
	translate([0,0,zcenter ? -h/2 : 0])
	hull()
	{
		translate([0,0,0]) torus(r=r, rnd=rnd);
		translate([0,0,h-rnd]) torus(r=r, rnd=rnd);
	}
}

module one_wing()
{
	hull()
	{
		translate([total_d/2 - wing_thick_d/2, 0, 0])
			rcyl(r= wing_thick_d/2, h= wing_h, rnd= roundness);
		translate([nut_d/2+nut_shoulder_x-roundness, 0, 0])
			rcyl(r= wing_thin_d/2, h= nut_shoulder_z+nut_th, rnd= roundness);
	}
}

difference()
{
	for(rot=[0:360/wing_count:359])
	{
		rotate([0,0,rot])
			one_wing();
		rcyl(r= nut_d/2+nut_shoulder_x, h= nut_shoulder_z+nut_th, rnd= roundness);
	}

	translate([0,0,nut_shoulder_z - tol])
		cylinder(r=nut_d/2, h=nut_th+nut_shoulder_z+2*tol, $fn=(hex_nut?6:60));

	translate([0,0,-tol])
		cylinder(r=thread_d/2, h=nut_th+nut_shoulder_z+2*tol);
}
```


[User]
Okay, I have a basic OpenSCAD file that I'm using to explore generating 3D height maps from pixel data, and I'd like to take it a few steps further. I'm essentially using a grid of cylinders where the height of each cylinder is based on the x and y coordinates of its position on the grid.

Currently, I have a `grid_height` and `grid_width` that define the size of the grid in terms of the number of cylinders, and `grid_overall_diameter`, `grid_lower_diameter`, `grid_upper_diameter`, and `grid_maximum_height` that set the dimensions of the cylinders themselves. The number of sides to each cylinder, `$fn`, is dynamically set based on position, too. Finally, I also have `grid_base_height` for an underlying base.

What I'd like is to create a parametric module that will allow me to import a PNG file, use its grayscale values to control the height of each cylinder, and further customize the result. Here are my specific needs and requests for the new module:

1. **Image Input:** I need to be able to specify an image file path. The module should read a PNG file and treat each pixel as a point in the grid, using the pixel's grayscale value (0-255) to determine the cylinder's height within a maximum height range.
2. **Height Mapping:** The grayscale values should be mapped to the height of each cylinder. Ideally, I would have a parameter to control the maximum height so a grayscale value of 255 maps to `max_cylinder_height`.
3. **Grid Resolution:** The grid should be automatically generated based on the image dimensions. If the image is 64x64, my grid should be 64x64, with each cylinder representing a pixel. I shouldn't need `grid_height` or `grid_width` parameters anymore.
4. **Cylinder Parameters:** The cylinder dimensions should be parametric. I should be able to control `cylinder_lower_diameter`, `cylinder_upper_diameter`, and `cylinder_polygon_count` with a single value that sets the polygon count for all cylinders. The `cylinder_base_height` should be separate, as well.
5. **Scaling and Offset:** I need parameters to scale the size of the grid (`grid_scale`) and provide an x/y offset (`grid_offset`) for positioning the result.
6.  **Optional Base:** I'd like an optional base underneath the cylinder array. I should have a `base_height` to control the thickness of the base, and a `draw_base` boolean to enable/disable it.
7. **Image Preprocessing:** Ideally, I could specify a `grayscale_invert` boolean that would invert the grayscale values of the image (so 0 becomes 255 and vice-versa), and a `grayscale_offset` which would shift the grayscale value from 0-255 to a new starting point in the range of -255 to 255. I'd also like a `grayscale_scale` to amplify or attenuate the height of the cylinders based on the image's pixel values. The overall math should look like `final_grayscale_value = (original_grayscale_value * grayscale_invert * grayscale_scale) + grayscale_offset`.
8. **Module Output:** The result should be a single module, that would allow me to render the final model. This module would handle all the parameters above.

So, to summarize, I would like a parametric module that takes an image, converts its grayscale values into a height map, and renders that as an array of cylinders, with adjustable scale, offset, height mapping parameters, and cylinder dimensions. I'd also like an optional base beneath the cylinders. I think it would be appropriate to use the `images` library for this, but I don't have that included with my current code. Could you help me implement this?

[Assistant]
PixSCAD_poc.scad:
```
//Makerbot Hackathon 2013
//PixSCAD
//Proof Of Concept for a picture to OpenSCAD Customizable Thingi
//Team - Alex Tanchoco (LionAlex)
//	Cameron Stern (SternDesignworks)
//	Allister McKenzie (Dion)

grid_height = 8;
grid_width = 8;

grid_overall_diameter = 4;
grid_lower_diameter = 3.5;
grid_upper_diameter = 2; //
grid_maximum_height = 5; //

grid_polygons = 3;

grid_base_height = 1;

translate( [-grid_overall_diameter/2, -grid_overall_diameter/2,0] )
	cube( [grid_overall_diameter*(grid_width+1), grid_overall_diameter*(grid_height+1),grid_base_height] );

for ( x=[0:1:grid_height] ) {
	for( y=[0:1:grid_width] ) {
		translate( [x*grid_overall_diameter,y*grid_overall_diameter,grid_base_height] )
			cylinder( h=(x+y)/4, r1=grid_lower_diameter/2, r2=grid_upper_diameter/2, $fn=grid_polygons+x/2+y/2 );
			//cylinder( h=(x+y)/4, r=grid_lower_diameter/2, $fn=grid_polygons+x/2+y/2 );
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a test piece for evaluating 3D printer overhang performance, and I'd like it to be parametric. I've got a starting point in mind, but I want to make it much more flexible.

The core idea is a hollow, angled, partial torus section attached to a cylindrical base. The torus section is formed by extruding a rectangle along an arc. Here are the key parameters I want to control:

*   **`innerRadius`**:  The radius of the inner edge of the torus.
*   **`depth`**: The thickness of the torus section (the radial dimension of the rectangle that's extruded).
*   **`width`**: The height of the rectangular cross-section of the torus.
*   **`startAngle`**:  The angle in degrees that defines the starting position of the torus section. This will determine how much of a curve is actually created.
*   **`baseRadius`**: The radius of the cylindrical base.
*    **`baseHeight`**: The height of the cylindrical base.

The part needs to be hollow, meaning that after the extrusion, I cut away a large part of the initial torus section. For now, I'm essentially removing everything but the overhanging section, but this should be adjustable in the future.

Here are the important features that should be implemented in the code:

1.  **Parametric Torus Section:** The main body of the model should be generated using a `rotate_extrude` operation on a rectangular `square`.  The rectangle should be properly positioned such that the resulting part represents a section of a torus.
2.  **Hollowed Body:**  Use `difference` to remove material from the torus section, keeping only the intended overhang.
3.  **Parametric Base:** Add a cylindrical base to support the overhanging section.  The base needs to be correctly positioned below the start of the torus.
4.  **Modularity & Comments:** The code should be well-commented to explain what each section of the code does. The parameters should be defined at the top of the file, which makes it easy to modify.

I'd like the code to be clean and easy to modify. I'd also like to use BOSL2 for its `linear_extrude_along` and other functions, so I don't have to figure out all of the math myself. If possible I'd prefer to do the same operation on the cylindrical base with an operation that is less hardcoded with respect to the position in the base. I'd also like you to keep track of the intermediate parts of the object during construction in order to make future debugging easier.

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file that fulfills these requirements?

[Assistant]
overhang_test.scad:
```
$width=10;
$depth=5;
$innerRadius=30;
$startAngle=35;

$baseRadius=8;

$block1=$innerRadius+$depth+1;
$block2=$block1*2;

rotate([-90,0,0])
 difference()
 {
  translate([0,$innerRadius*sin($startAngle),0])
  rotate_extrude(convexity=6,$fn=150)
   translate([$innerRadius,0,0])
    square([$depth,$width]);

  // Now remove 3/4 of the 'donut'
  // remove below
  translate([-$block1,0,-1])
   cube([$block2,$block2,$width+2]);

  // remove side
  translate([0,-$block1,-1])
   cube([$block1,$block2,$width+2]);
 }

// base
translate([-($innerRadius*cos($startAngle)+$depth/2),
             $width/2,0])
  cylinder(h=$baseHeight,r=$baseRadius);

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a parametric round box and lid using OpenSCAD. I've found a good starting point, but it needs some improvements and I need a few more options.

Here's what I want:

**Core Functionality:**

*   **Parametric Round Box and Lid:** I need a design for a round box and a matching lid. Both parts should be parametric, meaning I can adjust their dimensions using variables.
*   **Customizable Dimensions:** I need to be able to control the following:
    *   **Diameter:** The overall diameter of the box and lid.
    *   **Height:** The height of the box (the lid's height should be related to the wall thickness).
    *   **Number of Sections:** This should control how many "ribs" or supports are around the inside of the box.
    *  **Wall Thickness**: The thickness of the walls of the box, which should also drive the lid's height.
*   **Lid Attachment Options:**
    *   **Pin Connector:** A "click" style pin connector for the lid, like the one from the included code.
    *   **M3 Screw Option:** The option for a hole sized for an M3 screw if I don't want to use the pin connector.

**Specific Design Requirements:**

*   **Pin Connector Dimensions:** The pin connector and hole should be parametric based on the wall thickness. The pin should be 3 times the wall thickness.
*   **Pin Connector Improvements:**
    *   **Tolerance Control:** I'd like a way to easily adjust the tolerance for the pin and hole connection, maybe with a global variable. I want to be able to choose a tight fit or a loose fit.
    *   **Improved Pin Design:** I'd like to use the improved pin connector design from the included code, which includes the lip and cutouts.
*   **Customizer Compatibility:** The design should be fully customizable using OpenSCAD's customizer.

**User Interface:**

*   **Dropdown for Part:**  I need a dropdown menu to select if I want to render just the box, just the lid, or both together.
*   **Input fields:**  I need number input fields for the Diameter, Height, and Number_of_Sections.
*   **Dropdown for Pin/Hole:**  I need a dropdown to select between the "pin" connector and the screw "hole" for the lid.

**Libraries:**

I'm providing the pin connector code, so we don't need to pull that from a library, but I'm *not* providing a `pins.scad` file; this code is self contained.  There are no other libraries to include.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
round_box_0.3.scad:
```

//include <pins.scad>;

// Parametric round box by camperking v0.2
// http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:12134
// added option to screw the lid with a M3 screw
// improved thickness of the pin connectors
// usage is round_box(diameter, height, sections, wall_thickness, pin)
// diameter - is the diameter of your box
// height - defines the height of the box
// sections - how many sections you want
// wall_thickness - define your wallthickness, the pins height is 3 times the wallthickness
// pin - set to true if you want tbusers pin connector for the lid, set to false if you want to mount the lidwith a M3 screw
//
//usage for the lid is round_box_cover(diameter, sections, wall_thickness, pin)
// wall_thickness - this should be same value you have used at the box because the pinhole and pin height are calculated with this
//
//uncomment the following lines to test
//round_box(80, 20, 6, 1.2, true);
//round_box_cover(80, 6, 1.2, true);

/* [Global] */
part = "both"; // [first:Round Box only,second:Lid only,both:Box and lid]

Diameter = 80; // [10:250]
Height = 20; // [5:120]
Number_of_Sections = 6; // [0:32]
Pin_or_Hole = "Pin"; // [Pin, Hole]

/* [Hidden] */
diameter = Diameter;
height = Height;
sections = Number_of_Sections;
wall_thickness = 1.2;
pin = Pin_or_Hole;

if (part == "first") {
		round_box(diameter, height, sections, wall_thickness, pin);
	} else if (part == "second") {
		round_box_cover(diameter, sections, wall_thickness, pin);
	} else if (part == "both") {
      round_box(diameter, height, sections, wall_thickness, pin);
		translate([0, diameter+10, 0]) round_box_cover(diameter, sections, wall_thickness, pin);
	} else {
		both();
	}

module round_box(diameter, height, sections, wall_thickness, pin) {
	difference() {
		cylinder(h=height, r=diameter/2);
		if (pin == "Hole") {
			cylinder(h=height, r=1.25);
		}
		difference() {
			translate([0, 0, wall_thickness]) cylinder(h=height, r=diameter/2-wall_thickness);
			cylinder(h=height, r=4);
		}

	}
	for(i=[1:sections]) {
		rotate([0, 0, i * 360/sections]) translate([-wall_thickness/2, wall_thickness*2, 0]) cube([wall_thickness, diameter/2-wall_thickness*3, height]);
	}
	if (pin == "Pin") {
		translate([0, 0, height]) pin(h=wall_thickness*3);
	}
}

module round_box_cover(diameter, sections, wall_thickness, pin) {
	difference() { union() {
		difference() {
			cylinder(h=wall_thickness*3, r=diameter/2);
			difference() {
				cube([diameter, diameter, wall_thickness*3]);
				rotate([0, 0, 360/sections]) cube([diameter, diameter, wall_thickness*3]);
			}
		}
			cylinder(h=wall_thickness*3, r=6);
		}
		if (pin == "Pin") {
			pinhole(h=wall_thickness*3);
		} else {
			cylinder(h=wall_thickness*3, r=1.5);
		}
	}
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Pin Connectors V2
// Tony Buser <tbuser@gmail.com>

// pinhole(h=5);

// test();
// pintack(h=10);
// pinpeg(h=20);

module test() {
  tolerance = 0.3;

  translate([-12, 12, 0]) pinpeg(h=20);
  translate([12, 12, 0]) pintack(h=10);

  difference() {
    union() {
      translate([0, -12, 2.5]) cube(size = [59, 20, 5], center = true);
      translate([24, -12, 7.5]) cube(size = [12, 20, 15], center = true);
    }
    translate([-24, -12, 0]) pinhole(h=5, t=tolerance);
    translate([-12, -12, 0]) pinhole(h=5, t=tolerance, tight=false);
    translate([0, -12, 0]) pinhole(h=10, t=tolerance);
    translate([12, -12, 0]) pinhole(h=10, t=tolerance, tight=false);
    translate([24, -12, 15]) rotate([0, 180, 0]) pinhole(h=10, t=tolerance);
  }
}

module pinhole(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, t=0.3, tight=true) {
  // h = shaft height
  // r = shaft radius
  // lh = lip height
  // lt = lip thickness
  // t = tolerance
  // tight = set to false if you want a joint that spins easily

  union() {
    pin_solid(h, r+(t/2), lh, lt);
    cylinder(h=h+0.2, r=r);
    // widen the cylinder slightly
    // cylinder(h=h+0.2, r=r+(t-0.2/2));
    if (tight == false) {
      cylinder(h=h+0.2, r=r+(t/2)+0.25);
    }
    // widen the entrance hole to make insertion easier
    translate([0, 0, -0.1]) cylinder(h=lh/3, r2=r, r1=r+(t/2)+(lt/2));
  }
}

module pin(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, side=false) {
  // h = shaft height
  // r = shaft radius
  // lh = lip height
  // lt = lip thickness
  // side = set to true if you want it printed horizontally

  if (side) {
    pin_horizontal(h, r, lh, lt);
  } else {
    pin_vertical(h, r, lh, lt);
  }
}

module pintack(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, bh=3, br=8.75) {
  // bh = base_height
  // br = base_radius

  union() {
    cylinder(h=bh, r=br);
    translate([0, 0, bh]) pin(h, r, lh, lt);
  }
}

module pinpeg(h=20, r=4, lh=3, lt=1) {
  union() {
    translate([0, -h/4+0.05, 0]) pin(h/2+0.1, r, lh, lt, side=true);
    translate([0, h/4-0.05, 0]) rotate([0, 0, 180]) pin(h/2+0.1, r, lh, lt, side=true);
  }
}

// just call pin instead, I made this module because it was easier to do the rotation option this way
// since openscad complains of recursion if I did it all in one module
module pin_vertical(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1) {
  // h = shaft height
  // r = shaft radius
  // lh = lip height
  // lt = lip thickness

  difference() {
    pin_solid(h, r, lh, lt);

    // center cut
    translate([-r*0.5/2, -(r*2+lt*2)/2, h/4]) cube([r*0.5, r*2+lt*2, h]);
    translate([0, 0, h/4]) cylinder(h=h+lh, r=r/2.5, $fn=20);
    // center curve
    // translate([0, 0, h/4]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(h=r*2, r=r*0.5/2, center=true, $fn=20);

    // side cuts
    translate([-r*2, -lt-r*1.125, -1]) cube([r*4, lt*2, h+2]);
    translate([-r*2, -lt+r*1.125, -1]) cube([r*4, lt*2, h+2]);
  }
}

// call pin with side=true instead of this
module pin_horizontal(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1) {
  // h = shaft height
  // r = shaft radius
  // lh = lip height
  // lt = lip thickness
  translate([0, h/2, r*1.125-lt]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) pin_vertical(h, r, lh, lt);
}

// this is mainly to make the pinhole module easier
module pin_solid(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1) {
  union() {
    // shaft
    cylinder(h=h-lh, r=r, $fn=30);
    // lip
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh]) cylinder(h=lh*0.25, r1=r, r2=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.25]) cylinder(h=lh*0.25, r2=r, r1=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.50]) cylinder(h=lh*0.50, r1=r, r2=r-(lt/2), $fn=30);

    // translate([0, 0, h-lh]) cylinder(h=lh*0.50, r1=r, r2=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.50]) cylinder(h=lh*0.50, r1=r+(lt/2), r2=r-(lt/3), $fn=30);

    translate([0, 0, h-lh]) cylinder(h=lh*0.25, r1=r, r2=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.25]) cylinder(h=lh*0.25, r=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.50]) cylinder(h=lh*0.50, r1=r+(lt/2), r2=r-(lt/2), $fn=30);

    // translate([0, 0, h-lh]) cylinder(h=lh, r1=r+(lt/2), r2=1, $fn=30);
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh-lt/2]) cylinder(h=lt/2, r1=r, r2=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
  }
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to get a customizable 9G servo model designed in OpenSCAD. I've already got a pretty good base model I found online, but it's hardcoded with specific dimensions. I'd like to be able to easily adjust the key dimensions to accommodate different, similar sized servos.

Here's what I need:

1.  **Overall Dimensions:** The base model is mostly a rectangular prism with a few cylinders and other features attached. I want to be able to adjust the `length`, `width` (or depth), and `height` of the main body of the servo. Additionally, the "bottom cap" (the small block at the bottom) should have an adjustable `bottom_cap` height.

2.  **Flanges:**  The servo has flanges on the sides for mounting. I need to be able to adjust the `flange_lengths`, `flange_thickness`, and `flange_position` (the height of the flange on the servo body).

3.  **Cylinders:** The servo has a main cylinder on top and a smaller sub-cylinder.  I don't necessarily need to adjust the diameters of these right now, but I _would_ like to be able to adjust their *height* separately.  Let's call these `main_cyl_height` and `sub_cyl_height`. Also, the axle (the cylinder right on top) needs its `axle_height` to be adjustable.

4.  **Wire Entry:** The wire entry point needs to be parameterized by width, height, and offset. We should parameterize the wire entry's `wire_entry_width`, `wire_entry_height`, `wire_entry_offset`, `wire_entry_depth`, and `wire_entry_z_position` to allow for changes in wire size or position.

5. **Pin Indication:** The pins for the signal, ground, and vcc should be parameterizeable by radius, length, and offset from the side of the main body. Let's call the radius `pin_radius`, the length `pin_length` and `pin_offset`. The `pin_z_position` should also be adjustable.

6.  **Colors:**  I'd like to keep the color definitions as variables (e.g., `color_main`, `color_bottom`, etc.) to easily change the color scheme.

7. **Cut-outs:** There are cut-outs for the mounting points and other areas that should remain in the design. Make sure the mounting holes are included, and that they are adjustable (e.g., position and radius) for each of the four holes. Lets call these `mount_hole_radius` and `mount_hole_offset_x` and `mount_hole_offset_y` and `mount_hole_z` for each hole. Note that the current model has all the mount holes the same radius and z position. We should ensure that these can be adjusted for all four mounting holes, so each will need their own parameters for x, y, z and r. There should also be cutouts for the screw heads. Lets call the radius `screw_head_radius`.

8. **No dependencies:**  I don't want to use any libraries if possible, but would consider them if absolutely necessary. If you need to include a library I'd prefer to keep it to standard libraries like the `MCAD` library if necessary.

Essentially, I want a fully parametric version of the provided 9g servo model. I need to be able to adjust all the key dimensions, positions, and colors through variables. Can you provide me with an OpenSCAD file that does this?

[Assistant]
9g_servo.scad:
```
length = 23.28; // length
width = 12.5; // width (or depth)
height = 23.3; // height of main body
bottom_cap = 6; // bottom "cap" height
flange_lengths = 5; // length of flange
flange_thickness = 2.36; // thickness of flange
flange_position = 16.44 + (flange_thickness/2); // position of flange

// based on:
// http://www.hobbyking.com/hobbyking/store/__34112__HK15178_Analog_Servo_10g_1_4kg_0_09s_USA_Warehouse_.html

module 9g_servo() {
	$fn=100;

	l = length; // length
	w = width; // width (or depth)
	h = height; // height of main body
	c = bottom_cap; // bottom "cap" height
	f = flange_lengths; // length of flange
	fz = flange_thickness; // thickness of flange
	fh = flange_position; // position of flange

	a = "White";
	b = "Dimgray";
	g = "SaddleBrown";
	v = "DarkRed";
	s = "Orange";

	mc = 3.75; // main cyl height
	ax = 2.75; // axle height
	ar = 2.455; // axle radius
	ah = h+ax; // axle pos
	sx = -0.89; // sub cyl center
	sr = 2.905; // sub cyl radius

	l2 = l/2;
	l4 = l/4;
	w2 = w/2;

	wy = 4.66; // wire entry width
	wx = 2;
	wz = 2.4;
	wh = wy/2;
	wp = 4 + wz/2;
	wd = 1;
	lw = l2+wx;

	difference() {
		union() {
			color(a) translate( [-l2, -w2,  c] ) cube([l,w,h-c]); // main body
			color(a) translate( [-l2, -w2,  0] ) cube([l,w,  c]); // bottom cap
			color(a) translate( [  0,   0, fh] ) cube([l+f+f,w,fz], center=true); // flange
			color(a) translate( [ l4,   0,  h] ) cylinder(r=l4, h=mc); // main cyl
			color(a) translate( [ sx,   0,  h] ) cylinder(r=sr, h=mc); // sub cyl
			color(b) translate( [ l4,   0, ah] ) cylinder(r=ar, h=ax); // axle
			color(a) translate( [ l2, -wh,  4] ) cube(size=[wx, wy, wz]); // wire entry
			color(g) translate( [ lw, -wd, wp] ) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(r=wd/2, h=8); // ground
			color(s) translate( [ lw,   0, wp] ) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(r=wd/2, h=8); // signal
			color(v) translate( [ lw,  wd, wp] ) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(r=wd/2, h=8); // vcc
		}
		translate([ 13.89,0,16.44]) cylinder(r=1, h=10, center=true);
		translate([-13.89,0,16.44]) cylinder(r=1, h=10, center=true);
		translate([ 13.89+1.5,0,16.44]) cube([3,1,10], center=true);
		translate([-13.89-1.5,0,16.44]) cube([3,1,10], center=true);
		translate([-l2+1,-w2+1,-1]) cylinder(r=0.5, h=10);
		translate([l2-1,w2-1,-1]) cylinder(r=0.5, h=10);
		translate([-l2+1,w2-1,-1]) cylinder(r=0.5, h=10);
		translate([l2-1,-w2+1,-1]) cylinder(r=0.5, h=10);

		translate([-l2+0.5,-w2+0.5,-0.01]) cylinder(r=1.75, h=0.25);
		translate([l2-0.5,w2-0.5,  -0.01]) cylinder(r=1.75, h=0.25);
		translate([-l2+0.5,w2-0.5, -0.01]) cylinder(r=1.75, h=0.25);
		translate([l2-0.5,-w2+0.5, -0.01]) cylinder(r=1.75, h=0.25);
	}

}

9g_servo();
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a parametric NFC keyfob that I can 3D print. I've got an existing design in OpenSCAD (attached: NFCkey-param7.scad) that I've been working with, but I need a more flexible and well-structured version.

The current design allows for a circular or square fob, and has a cavity to hold an NFC sticker, plus a lid. The main parameters to customize are:

*   **CavityDiameter**: The diameter of the cavity where the NFC sticker sits.
*   **Part**: An integer, 0 for the case/base, 1 for the lid.
*   **Shape**: An integer, 0 for circular, 1 for square.
*   **LidThickness**: Thickness of the lid.
*   **CavityThickness**: Thickness of the cavity (the depth into the base where the sticker fits).
*   **BottomThickness**: Thickness of the base below the cavity.
*   **SideWidth**: Width of the material around the perimeter of the case/base.
*   **LidSupportWidth**: The extra width added to the lid where it sits on the base
*   **RingOutsideDiameter**: The outer diameter of the ring for attaching to a keyring.
*   **RingHoleDiameter**: The diameter of the hole in the ring.
*   **Tolerance**: The tolerance between the lid and the cavity, to allow the lid to fit.
*   **RoundingRadius**: Only relevant for square fobs, the radius of the rounded corners.

The existing code calculates some additional values automatically, like `OutsideRadius`, `CavityRadius`, `RingHoleRadius`, `RingOutsideRadius`, `TotalThickness`, and `RingThickness`.  I'd like those calculations to remain in place.

Here's what I'd like the new design to be capable of:

1.  **Maintain the circular and square options** just like the existing code.
2.  **Use modules more effectively** for clarity and reusability. The provided `RoundedBox` module is a good start.  I'd like to see things like the ring and it's connection handled with their own modules.
3.  **Improve the parameter handling.** I'd like to use named variables more directly in the module definitions. For example, if I set  `CavityDiameter` I want that directly used to generate the cavity. I think the existing code sets up the variables, but then uses things like `CavityRadius` which isn't as clear.
4.  **Make the scad files more modular.**  I'd like a main file that instantiates the case or lid, and a module file that includes all of the core functionality for the ring, cavity, etc... So that if I later want to make a different kind of NFC fob case, I have a solid library I can build on.
5.  **Use libraries when appropriate**. I've used a few of the BOSL libraries for other projects. If they offer functionality that would help, then that would be great!
6.  **Include comments**.  Well-commented code is a must!
7.  **Consider a separate file for parameter definitions.** That might make it easier to manage if I decide to add more.

So, could you generate the improved parametric OpenSCAD files for me? I'm really hoping to get a more organized structure and make good use of modules, named parameters, and any helpful libraries.

[Assistant]
NFCkey-param7.scad:
```
// Pasutx, 7.4.2013
// NFC keyfob
//
// Change these parameters:

CavityDiameter=39;
Part=0; // [0:Case, 1:Lid]
Shape=0;  // [0:Circle, 1:Square]

LidThickness=0.8;
CavityThickness=0.6;
BottomThickness=0.8;

SideWidth=2;
LidSupportWidth=0.7;

RingOutsideDiameter=8.5;
RingHoleDiameter=4.5;

Tolerance=0.15;

//Only relevant for square fobs
RoundingRadius=3;

// Do NOT change these parameters:
OutsideRadius=CavityDiameter/2+SideWidth;
CavityRadius=CavityDiameter/2;
RingHoleRadius=RingHoleDiameter/2;
RingOutsideRadius=RingOutsideDiameter/2;
TotalThickness=LidThickness+CavityThickness+BottomThickness;
RingThickness=RingOutsideRadius-RingHoleRadius;

// Create a cube([X,Y,Z]) with rounded vertical edges (radius R)
module RoundedBox (X,Y,Z,R)
{
	intersection()
   {
	   minkowski()
		{
		 cube([X-2*R,Y-2*R,Z],center=true);
		 cylinder(r=R,h=Z,$fn=16,center=true);
		}
		cube([2*X,2*Y,Z],center=true);
	}
}

if (Shape==0)
{
	if (Part==0)
	{
		//Show Case
		difference()
		{
			union()
			{
				//main body
				cylinder(r=OutsideRadius,h=TotalThickness,center=true,$fn=50);
				//ring
				translate([OutsideRadius+RingOutsideRadius-SideWidth,0,0])
					cylinder(r=RingOutsideRadius,h=TotalThickness,center=true,$fn=20);
				//ring connection
				translate([OutsideRadius-SideWidth,0,0])
					cube(size=[2*RingOutsideRadius,2*RingOutsideRadius,TotalThickness],center=true);
			}
			//ring hole
			translate([OutsideRadius+RingOutsideRadius-SideWidth,0,0])
				cylinder(r=RingHoleRadius,h=2*TotalThickness,center=true,$fn=20);
			//nfc cavity
			translate([0,0,BottomThickness])
				cylinder(r=CavityRadius,h=TotalThickness,center=true,$fn=50);
			//lid cavity
			translate([0,0,BottomThickness+CavityThickness])
				cylinder(r=CavityRadius+LidSupportWidth,h=TotalThickness,center=true,$fn=50);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		//Show Lid
		cylinder(r=CavityRadius+LidSupportWidth-Tolerance, h=LidThickness);
	}
}
else
{
	if (Part==0)
	{
		//Show Case
		difference()
		{
			union()
			{
				//main body
				RoundedBox (2*OutsideRadius,2*OutsideRadius,TotalThickness,RoundingRadius);
				//ring
				translate([OutsideRadius+RingOutsideRadius-SideWidth,0,0])
					cylinder(r=RingOutsideRadius,h=TotalThickness,center=true,$fn=20);
				//ring connection
				translate([OutsideRadius-SideWidth,0,0])
					cube(size=[2*RingOutsideRadius,2*RingOutsideRadius,TotalThickness],center=true);
			}
			//ring hole
			translate([OutsideRadius+RingOutsideRadius-SideWidth,0,0])
				cylinder(r=RingHoleRadius,h=2*TotalThickness,center=true,$fn=20);
			//nfc cavity
			translate([0,0,BottomThickness])
				RoundedBox(2*CavityRadius,2*CavityRadius,TotalThickness,RoundingRadius);
			//lid cavity
			translate([0,0,BottomThickness+CavityThickness])
				RoundedBox(2*(CavityRadius+LidSupportWidth),2*(CavityRadius+LidSupportWidth),TotalThickness,RoundingRadius);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		//Show Lid
		RoundedBox(2*(CavityRadius+LidSupportWidth-Tolerance),2*(CavityRadius+LidSupportWidth-Tolerance),LidThickness,RoundingRadius);
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a Tower of Hanoi puzzle, and I've seen a design that I really like, but I want something a bit more flexible.

The current design (I've attached the .scad file) allows you to specify the number of rings, the diameter and height of the largest ring, whether to stack the rings or lay them out for printing, and whether the sides of the rings are angled or flat. I'd like to keep all of those parameters.

However, I'd also like to be able to adjust a few other things.

First, instead of just calculating the ring heights and radii linearly, I'd like to have separate curves that I can manipulate. Specifically, I'd like to be able to adjust the slope and intercept of the line defining each set of ring measurements. I'm imagining two additional sets of parameters for this:
*   `ringHeightSlope`: this would control the rate at which ring heights decrease.
*   `ringHeightIntercept`: this would offset the starting ring height.
*   `ringRadiusSlope`: this would control the rate at which the ring radii decrease.
*   `ringRadiusIntercept`: this would offset the starting ring radii.

Second, I'd like more control over the pegs. Right now they're always the same diameter and extend the height of the stacked rings. I want parameters for:
* `pegRadius`: this should define the radius of the pegs.
* `pegHeight`: this should be independent of the rings and specify the peg height.
* `pegSpacing`: to define how far apart the pegs are.

Third, right now, the base is always a simple rectangular block. I'd like the option to have a circular base and also parameters to adjust the base size:
* `baseShape`: a selection between "rectangular" and "circular".
* `baseWidth`: if the base is rectangular, this would specify its width.
* `baseDepth`: if the base is rectangular, this would specify its depth.
* `baseRadius`: if the base is circular, this would specify its radius.
* `baseHeight`: this should determine the height of the base.

Finally, it would be great if the code used descriptive variable names and was well-commented to make it easier to understand and modify. I want the design to be completely customizable using variables at the top of the file so I don't have to dig through the code to tweak anything.

I would like to have this be a completely new file, don't worry about trying to modify the one I provided.

I expect this will be a more complex design, so I don't have a strong preference on specific libraries, but I do prefer simpler to complex, so if possible use a library that would make the design easy to understand.

[Assistant]
BlocksAndSticks.scad:
```
/* [Parameters] */
// How many rings do you want to make? (This determines the difficulty of the game)
numberOfRings = 10; // [3 : 20]
// How wide should the bottom ring be?
largestRingDiameter = 50.0; // [5 : 100]
// How tall should the bottom ring be?
largestRingHeight = 8.0; // [6 : 16]
// Stack the rings or lay them out for easier printing?
stackTheBlocks = 1; // [1:Stack the Rings, 0:Layout the Rings]
// Have angled sides on the rings or flat sides? (Angled sides are harder to grab)
angledBlockSides = 0; // [0:Flat Sides, 1:Angled Sides]

/* [Hidden] */
offsetMargin = 0.1;
$fn = 100;

createBlocksAndSticks(numberOfBlocks = numberOfRings, largestBlockRadius = largestRingDiameter / 2.0, largestBlockHeight = largestRingHeight, stacked = stackTheBlocks, angledPieces = angledBlockSides);

module createBlocksAndSticks(numberOfBlocks = 10, largestBlockRadius = 25.0, largestBlockHeight = 6.0, stacked = true, angledPieces = false)
{
    //* These are our 'private' variables */

    marginBetweenBlocks = largestBlockRadius * 2.0 * 0.1;

    // Stacking Hole Variables
    stackingHoleRadiusScale = 0.2;
    stackingHoleFemaleMargin = 0.5; //mm

    // Height Variables
    smallestBlockHeight = largestBlockHeight * 0.5;
    blockHeightEquationSlope = (smallestBlockHeight - largestBlockHeight) / (numberOfBlocks - 1);
    blockHeightEquationB = largestBlockHeight - blockHeightEquationSlope;
    blockHeights = [blockHeightEquationSlope * 1 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 2 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 3 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 4 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 5 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 6 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 7 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 8 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 9 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 10 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 11 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 12 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 13 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 14 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 15 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 16 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 17 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 18 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 19 + blockHeightEquationB, blockHeightEquationSlope * 20 + blockHeightEquationB,
        blockHeightEquationSlope * 21 + blockHeightEquationB];

    // Radius Variables
    smallestBlockRadius = largestBlockRadius * 0.5;
    blockRadiusEquationSlope = (smallestBlockRadius - largestBlockRadius) / (numberOfBlocks - 1);
    blockRadiusEquationB = largestBlockRadius - blockRadiusEquationSlope;
    blockRadiuss = [blockRadiusEquationSlope * 1 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 2 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 3 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 4 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 5 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 6 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 7 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 8 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 9 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 10 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 11 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 12 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 13 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 14 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 15 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 16 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 17 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 18 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 19 + blockRadiusEquationB, blockRadiusEquationSlope * 20 + blockRadiusEquationB,
        blockRadiusEquationSlope * 21 + blockRadiusEquationB];

    for(i = [0 : numberOfBlocks - 1])
    {
        if(stacked)
        {
            translate(v = [0, 0, largestBlockHeight * i + offsetMargin * i + offsetMargin])
            {
                union()
                {
                    if(angledPieces)
                    {
                        difference()
                        {
                            // Main body
                            cylinder(r1 = blockRadiuss[i], r2 = blockRadiuss[i + 1], h = blockHeights[i]);

                            translate(v = [0, 0, -offsetMargin])
                            {
                                // Stacking Hole cutout
                                cylinder(r1 = blockRadiuss[0] * stackingHoleRadiusScale + stackingHoleFemaleMargin, r2 = blockRadiuss[0] * stackingHoleRadiusScale + stackingHoleFemaleMargin, h = blockHeights[0] + offsetMargin * 2);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        difference()
                        {
                            // Main body
                            cylinder(r = blockRadiuss[i], h = blockHeights[i]);

                            translate(v = [0, 0, -offsetMargin])
                            {
                                // Stacking Hole cutout
                                cylinder(r = blockRadiuss[0] * stackingHoleRadiusScale + stackingHoleFemaleMargin, h = blockHeights[0] + offsetMargin * 2);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            translate(v = [0, (largestBlockRadius * 2) * i + largestBlockRadius * 3, offsetMargin])
            {
                union()
                {
                    if(angledPieces)
                    {
                        difference()
                        {
                            // Main body
                            cylinder(r1 = blockRadiuss[i], r2 = blockRadiuss[i + 1], h = blockHeights[i]);

                            translate(v = [0, 0, -offsetMargin])
                            {
                                // Stacking Hole cutout
                                cylinder(r1 = blockRadiuss[0] * stackingHoleRadiusScale + stackingHoleFemaleMargin, r2 = blockRadiuss[0] * stackingHoleRadiusScale + stackingHoleFemaleMargin, h = blockHeights[0] + offsetMargin * 2);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        difference()
                        {
                            // Main body
                            cylinder(r = blockRadiuss[i], h = blockHeights[i]);

                            translate(v = [0, 0, -offsetMargin])
                            {
                                // Stacking Hole cutout
                                cylinder(r = blockRadiuss[0] * stackingHoleRadiusScale + stackingHoleFemaleMargin, h = blockHeights[0] + offsetMargin * 2);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Base
    translate(v = [-((blockRadiuss[0] * 2) * 3 + marginBetweenBlocks * 4) / 2, -(blockRadiuss[0] * 2 + marginBetweenBlocks * 2) / 2, -marginBetweenBlocks])
    {
        cube(size = [(blockRadiuss[0] * 2) * 3 + marginBetweenBlocks * 4, blockRadiuss[0] * 2 + marginBetweenBlocks * 2, 5.0]);
    }

    // Sticks
    for(i = [-1 : 1])
    {
        translate(v = [(blockRadiuss[0] * 2) * i + i * marginBetweenBlocks, 0, 0])
        {
            cylinder(r = blockRadiuss[0] * stackingHoleRadiusScale, h = blockHeights[0] * numberOfBlocks);
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking for a more customizable flash diffuser for my camera flash, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD so I can easily tweak the parameters. I've been playing around with a design I found, but I need a more flexible parametric version.

Here's what I'm trying to achieve, based on the existing design I've been modifying:

**Core Design Idea:** The diffuser should essentially be a hollow, rounded shell that slides onto the flash. The light will bounce off the interior surfaces. The key features are:

*   **Main Body:** The main body should have a rounded, almost pill-shaped form, achieved by combining cylinders and a sphere, like in my current attempt. Think of two rounded-edge cylinders joined together, with a central section that's also rounded, and a spherical top.
*   **Flash Mount:**  There needs to be a rectangular opening that matches the dimensions of my flash unit, so the diffuser can slide onto it. The opening needs to have some tolerance built in (I used `saddle` in my test code, but it could be made more controllable).
*   **Bounce Plane:** Inside the diffuser, I'd like a large surface tilted to act as a bounce plane. This will direct the light forward in a more diffused manner, not just letting it blast out the front.
*   **Parametric Dimensions:**  All dimensions need to be easily controlled via variables: flash width, flash depth, diffuser overall width and depth, mounting tolerance (saddle), and a resolution setting for the curvature.

**Specific Parameters:**

*   `flashWidth`: The width of the flash unit.
*   `flashDepth`: The depth of the flash unit.
*   `flashHeight`: (Derived, but important) Height of the flash unit section the diffuser needs to fit over.
*   `diffuserWidth`: Overall width of the diffuser (can be linked or not to flashWidth, but it needs to be variable.)
*   `diffuserDepth`: Overall depth of the diffuser (also variable).
*   `diffuserHeight`: Overall height of the diffuser, may be linked to other vars (should be tunable).
*   `saddle`: Tolerance around flash opening for easy mounting.
*   `resolution`: Controls the smoothness/fineness of the curves (number of facets).
*   `bouncePlaneAngle`: Angle of the internal bounce plane.
*   `bouncePlaneOffset`: Offset of the bounce plane from the center.
*   `bouncePlaneSize`: Size of the bounce plane.

**Current Issues with my Attempt:**

*   The way I'm joining the cylinders and the sphere isn't that flexible; I'd like to be able to tweak their dimensions and positions more easily.
*   I’d like the ability to control the tilt of the bounce plane and how much of the flash is enclosed.
*   The overall look of the diffuser needs to be more adjustable.
*   My original idea had some internal scaling to make the diffuser slightly thicker than the exterior shape that I'd like to reintroduce. This will also need to be controlled by a variable.

**Libraries:**

I don't think I need any special libraries, just standard OpenSCAD functions, but please let me know if you think a specific library might be useful.

**Request:**

Could you design a parametric OpenSCAD file that implements this functionality? I need to be able to change all the parameters I've listed and see the resulting diffuser shape update automatically. The code should be well-commented so I can understand how the design is built up, and it should be easy to modify the overall look of the diffuser later on if I need to.

[Assistant]
FlashSCAD.scad:
```
//FlashSCAD™ Flash Diffuser by Appxela
//
//nissin width=74.6 depth=46.8
//Sigma EF-500 DG Super SA-STTL width=76 depth=44
flashWidth = 76.7;
flashDepth = 44.7;
resolution = 5; //[1:10]

flashHeight = flashDepth*0.75;

ht = flashWidth*1;
wd = flashDepth*0.65;
fn = resolution*2+3;

saddle = 2;

module diffuser() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			//left
			translate( [-wd,0,0] )
				cylinder( h=ht, r1=wd, r2=wd*.75,$fn=fn );
			//right
			translate( [wd,0,0] )
				cylinder( h=ht, r1=wd, r2=wd*.75, $fn=fn );
			//middle
			translate( [0,-wd/4,0] )
				scale( [1,0.7,1] )
					cylinder( h=ht, r1=wd*2, r2=wd*1.75, $fn=fn*2 );
			//top
			translate( [0,-wd/3,ht] )
				rotate( 90,[0,1,0] )
					scale( [1.7,1.5,1.94] )
						sphere( r=wd, $fn=fn*4 );

			}
		//bounce plane

		translate( [-wd*5,wd*2.5,wd*.8] )
			rotate( 45,[1,0,0] )
				cube( [wd*10,wd*10,wd*10] );

	}
}

difference() {

	union() {
	//make it hollow
	//difference() {
		diffuser();
	//	translate( [0,0,1] )
	//		scale( 0.95,[1,1,1] )
	//			diffuser();
	//	}
	//	//add flash mounting box
	//	translate( [-(flashWidth+saddle)/2,-(flashDepth+saddle)/1.6,0] )
	//	cube([flashWidth+saddle,flashDepth+saddle,flashHeight+saddle]);

	}

		//hole for the flash unit
		translate( [-flashWidth/2,-flashDepth/1.6,0] )
		cube([flashWidth,flashDepth,flashHeight]);

		//hole for the light to pass through
		//translate( [-(flashWidth-saddle)/2,-(flashDepth-saddle)/1.6,0] )
		//cube([flashWidth-saddle,flashDepth-saddle,flashHeight+saddle]);

}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a vase with a wavy, bubbly texture, and I'd like to make it parametric so I can easily tweak the dimensions and appearance.

Essentially, the vase should be built up of layers, each a cylinder with a certain radius. On the circumference of each layer, there should be a series of spherical bubbles.  The radius of the vase itself will follow a sine wave pattern as you go up the z-axis, so it gets wider and narrower, making for a wavy effect.

Here are the specific parameters I'd like to control:

*   **`thetaStep`**: The angle, in degrees, between each bubble on a layer. This will determine how many bubbles there are per layer. For instance, `thetaStep=10` will give you 36 bubbles per layer.
*   **`bubbleSize`**:  The radius of the spherical bubbles.
*   **`bubbleRes`**:  The `$fn` value for the sphere, which controls the "resolution" or number of facets of the bubbles. I'd like to keep this adjustable, but understand that lower values will be quicker to render.
*   **`radMin`**: The minimum radius of the vase.  The radius should then vary based on the sine wave amplitude and cycle.
*   **`layerHeight`**: The height of each cylindrical layer.
*   **`waveCycles`**:  The number of sine wave cycles from the bottom to the top of the vase, controlling how many "wiggles" there are vertically.
*   **`waveAmp`**: The amplitude of the sine wave. This will control how wide the vase becomes at its widest points and how narrow at its narrowest. The vase radius will vary between `radMin` and `radMin+waveAmp`.
*   **`totalLayerHeight`**: The total height of the vase.  The number of layers will be calculated from this value and the `layerHeight`.
*  **`twist`**: The total angle that the vase should be twisted from the bottom to the top.

I'd like the code to generate this vase, taking all those parameters.  I'm not using any special libraries currently, so just standard OpenSCAD code would be great.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I think it should be a good base to build on.

[Assistant]
TwistedBubbleVase002.scad:
```
// This is the angle in degrees at which there will be a faceton the vase. The number of facets is 360/thetaStep.
thetaStep = 10;
// The size of the bubbles. There is one bubble per thetaStep in each layer of the vase.
bubbleSize = 20;
// The "resolution" of each bubble. This is the $fn value for the sphere. Use low values or wait a long time!
bubbleRes = 5;
// The minimum radius of the vase.
radMin = 100;
// The height of each layer in the vase.
layerHeight = 10;
// The number of cycles of sinewave from bottom to top of the vase.
waveCycles = 0.8;
// The amplitude of the sinewave. The maximum radius of the vase is radMin + waveAmp.
waveAmp = 100;
// The sum total height of all of the layers. The number of layers is totalLayerHeight/layerHeight.
totalLayerHeight = 390;
// The angle that each layer is rotated through around the z axis.
twist = 0;

function cylToCar(r, theta, z) = [r*cos(theta), r*sin(theta), z];

module bubbleDisk( thetaStep, rad, height, bubbleSize, bubbleRes)
{
	union()
		{
		translate([0, 0, height])cylinder( r1 = rad, r2 = rad, h = 2*bubbleSize + 0.001, center = true, $fn = 100);
		for (theta=[0:thetaStep:360])
			{
			translate(cylToCar(rad, theta, height))sphere(r = bubbleSize, center = true, $fn = bubbleRes);
			}
		}
}

module bubbleVase( thetaStep, radMin, layerHeight, bubbleSize, waveAmp, waveCycles, totalLayerHeight, layerHeight, bubbleRes )
{
	union()
		{
		for( height= [0:layerHeight:totalLayerHeight])
			{
			rotate( a = [0, 0, height * twist/layerHeight])bubbleDisk( thetaStep, radMin + waveAmp/2 + waveAmp*sin(waveCycles*height), height, bubbleSize, bubbleRes);
			}
		}
}

bubbleVase( thetaStep, radMin, layerHeight, bubbleSize, waveAmp, waveCycles, totalLayerHeight, layerHeight, bubbleRes);
```
TwistedBubbleVase001.scad:
```
// This is the angle in degrees at which there will be a faceton the vase. The number of facets is 360/thetaStep.
thetaStep = 10;
// The size of the bubbles. There is one bubble per thetaStep in each layer of the vase.
bubbleSize = 20;
// The "resolution" of each bubble. This is the $fn value for the sphere. Use low values or wait a long time!
bubbleRes = 5;
// The minimum radius of the vase.
radMin = 100;
// The height of each layer in the vase.
layerHeight = 10;
// The number of cycles of sinewave from bottom to top of the vase.
waveCycles = 0.8;
// The amplitude of the sinewave. The maximum radius of the vase is radMin + waveAmp.
waveAmp = 100;
// The sum total height of all of the layers. The number of layers is totalLayerHeight/layerHeight.
totalLayerHeight = 390;
// The angle that each layer is rotated through around the z axis.
twist = 0;

function cylToCar(r, theta, z) = [r*cos(theta), r*sin(theta), z];

module bubbleDisk( thetaStep, rad, height, bubbleSize, bubbleRes)
{
	union()
		{
		translate([0, 0, height])cylinder( r1 = rad, r2 = rad, h = 2*bubbleSize + 0.001, center = true, $fn = 100);
		for (theta=[0:thetaStep:360])
			{
			translate(cylToCar(rad, theta, height))sphere(r = bubbleSize, center = true, $fn = bubbleRes);
			}
		}
}

module bubbleVase( thetaStep, radMin, layerHeight, bubbleSize, waveAmp, waveCycles, totalLayerHeight, layerHeight, bubbleRes )
{
	union()
		{
		for( height= [0:layerHeight:totalLayerHeight])
			{
			rotate( a = [0, 0, height * twist/layerHeight])bubbleDisk( thetaStep, radMin + waveAmp/2 + waveAmp*sin(waveCycles*height), height, bubbleSize, bubbleRes);
			}
		}
}

bubbleVase( thetaStep, radMin, layerHeight, bubbleSize, waveAmp, waveCycles, totalLayerHeight, layerHeight, bubbleRes);
```


[User]
Okay, I've been playing around with OpenSCAD and made a little cylinder to use as a projector booster, and I'm pretty happy with how it's turning out, but it feels like the code could be better organized, and I’d like to make it more parametric.  I'm not super happy with my hardcoding of the logo size either, so I think that could be better.

Here’s what I want:

I need a cylinder that can be used as a booster, so its primary function is to raise something up by a certain amount. It needs to be a simple cylinder with a diameter and height, but I also want to be able to easily add a circular cutout on the top for holding whatever I am boosting -- like a projector leg.  I also want to add the OSHW logo to the side of the cylinder. I want to be able to control the depth of this logo cutout with a parameter, including turning the logo cutout off completely with a zero value.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I think I need to control:

*   **`d`**: The diameter of the main cylinder.
*   **`h`**: The height of the main cylinder.
*   **`cutout_diameter`**: The diameter of the circular cutout on the top of the cylinder. If this is 0, then no cutout should be made.
*    **`cutout_depth`**: The depth of the circular cutout on the top of the cylinder.
*   **`logo_height`**: The depth of the OSHW logo cutout. Setting this to 0 would mean the logo is not included.
*   **`layer_height`**:  The layer height of the printer I am using. This should be used to determine the number of layers for the logo cutout.
*   **`logo_offset`**: The offset from the bottom of the cylinder where the logo starts.

I want to make sure the logo's size is proportional to the main cylinder diameter.  So I think the logo's diameter should scale to be roughly 80% of the `d` parameter if the logo_height is set. The final logo cutout should be made with a series of stacked 2D cutouts at varying diameters, growing larger and larger the deeper the cutout is. I think I'm okay with the linear extrusion method to cut out the logo with that scaling, though I'm open to suggestions. I’d like it if I didn’t need to manually calculate how big the logo gets at each layer.

I'm currently using the following code to generate the logo:

```openscad
module gear_tooth_2d(d) {
	polygon( points=[
			[0.0,10.0*d/72.0], [0.5*d,d/15.0],
			[0.5*d,-d/15.0], [0.0,-10.0*d/72.0] ] );
}

module oshw_logo_2d(d=10.0) {
	rotate(-135) {
		difference() {
			union() {
				circle(r=14.0*d/36.0,$fn=20);
				for(i=[1:7]) assign(rotAngle=45*i+45)
					rotate(rotAngle) gear_tooth_2d(d);
			}
			circle(r=10.0*d/72.0,$fn=20);
			intersection() {
	  			rotate(-20) square(size=[10.0*d/18.0,10.0*d/18.0]);
	  			rotate(20)  square(size=[10.0*d/18.0,10.0*d/18.0]);
			}
    		}
  	}
}

```

I'd like to use the BOSL2 library, but if another is more appropriate I'm open to that too. I'd also like the code to be well-documented and easy to understand.  I prefer that `$fs` and `$fa` be set in the parametric parameters using the BOSL2 options for `set_global_detail()` module.

Can you help me rewrite my code to be more organized, parametric, and use the BOSL2 library?

[Assistant]
plate.scad:
```
//Part to render
part="base"; // [plate,base,top]

//Plate dia
d=40;
//Plate height
h=12;

// What is one layer height?
layer_height=.25;

// How thick to inset the logo (0 to turn off logo)
logo_height=1.5;

$fs=1/10;
$fa=10/10;

// OSHW Logo Generator
// Open Source Hardware Logo : http://oshwlogo.com/
// -------------------------------------------------
//
// Adapted from Adrew Plumb/ClothBot original version
// just change internal parameters to made dimension control easier
// a single parameter : logo diameter (millimeters)
//
// oshw_logo_2D(diameter) generate a 2D logo with diameter requested
// just have to extrude to get a 3D version, then add it to your objects
//
// cc-by-sa, pierre-alain dorange, july 2012

module gear_tooth_2d(d) {
	polygon( points=[
			[0.0,10.0*d/72.0], [0.5*d,d/15.0],
			[0.5*d,-d/15.0], [0.0,-10.0*d/72.0] ] );
}

module oshw_logo_2d(d=10.0) {
	rotate(-135) {
		difference() {
			union() {
				circle(r=14.0*d/36.0,$fn=20);
				for(i=[1:7]) assign(rotAngle=45*i+45)
					rotate(rotAngle) gear_tooth_2d(d);
			}
			circle(r=10.0*d/72.0,$fn=20);
			intersection() {
	  			rotate(-20) square(size=[10.0*d/18.0,10.0*d/18.0]);
	  			rotate(20)  square(size=[10.0*d/18.0,10.0*d/18.0]);
			}
    		}
  	}
}

// usage : oshw_logo_2d(diameter)

// END OSHW Logo Generator
// Downloaded from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:27097

logo_layers = ceil(logo_height / layer_height);
difference(){
	cylinder(r=d/2, h=h+logo_height);

	union(){
		for(i =  [0:logo_layers-1])
			translate([0,0,h+layer_height*i])
				linear_extrude(height=-layer_height)
					oshw_logo_2d(d/1.2 + (5/logo_layers)*i);
	}

}

```