[User]
Hi, I'm working on a project involving gears, and I'm looking for a parametric OpenSCAD script to generate helical gears. I've been experimenting with some existing scripts, and I like the general approach used in the 'gears_helical.scad' and 'gears_helical_v2.scad' files I've found, but I need a more flexible and robust solution.  I'm not fully happy with the hard-coded numbers and wish to create gears with more dynamic parameters.

Here’s what I’m aiming for:

**Gear Parameters (Must be fully parametric):**

*   **Double Helical:** A boolean parameter (true/false or 1/0) to toggle whether the gear should be a double helical gear. If true, the gear needs to be twice the single height and have mirrored helixes.
*   **Gear Height:**  The overall height/depth of the gear (single height in the case of single helical).
*   **Pitch Diameter:** The pitch diameter of the gear.
*   **Shaft Diameter:** The diameter of the hole in the center for the shaft.
*   **Number of Teeth:** The number of teeth on the gear.

**Tooth Parameters (Must be fully parametric):**

*   **Addendum:** The addendum of the gear teeth.
*   **Dedendum:** The dedendum of the gear teeth.
*   **Tooth Width:** The width of a single tooth.
*   **Helix Angle:** The angle of the helix. A positive value should generate right-handed gears, and a negative value should generate left-handed gears. I'm also concerned that both gear files offset the mirrored section of double-helical gears by 0.1mm.
*   **Orientation:** An integer parameter to control the orientation of the helix. While not correctly implemented in 'gears_helical.scad', this should control the "hand" of the helix (1 for left, -1 for right). This might be unnecessary if Helix Angle works correctly.

**Center Shape Parameters (Selectable Options):**

*   **Center Shape Type:** An integer to determine the shape of the center of the gear:
    *   1 = Solid core: no hole shapes.
    *   2 = Star: A star shape in the center
    *   3 = Circles: A pattern of circular holes.
*   **Star Number:** If the center shape is a star, the number of points for the star.
*   **Star Width:** If the center shape is a star, the width of the star arms.
*   **Circle Number:** If the center shape is circles, the number of circles.
*   **Circle Diameter:** If the center shape is circles, the diameter of the circles.

**Center Extrusion Parameters (Optional):**

*   **Extrude Out:** Boolean to enable/disable an extrusion around the shaft (like a hub).
*   **Extrude Out Height:** If `extrudeOut` is enabled, the height of the extrusion.
*   **Extrude Out Width:** If `extrudeOut` is enabled, the width of the extrusion (in relation to shaft diameter, maybe as a multiple?).
*   **Extrude In:** Boolean to enable/disable an extrusion inwards from gear base diameter to the shaft bore.
*   **Extrude In Diameter:** If `extrudeIn` is enabled, the diameter for the inward extrusion.
*    **Extrude In Radius:** If `extrudeIn` is enabled, the radius for the inward extrusion.
*   **Extrude In Height:** If `extrudeIn` is enabled, the height of the inward extrusion.

**Rome Gear Parameter (Optional, needs to be mutually exclusive with 'extrudeIn'):**

*   **Rome Gear:** Boolean to enable/disable a "rome gear" on top of the base gear.
*   **Rome Diameter:** If rome gear is enabled, the pitch diameter of the rome gear.
*   **Rome Height:** If rome gear is enabled, the height of the rome gear.
*   **Rome Teeth:** If rome gear is enabled, the number of teeth of the rome gear.
*   **Rome Addendum:** If rome gear is enabled, the addendum of the rome gear teeth.
*   **Rome Dedendum:** If rome gear is enabled, the dedendum of the rome gear teeth.
*  **Rome Tooth Width**: if rome gear is enabled, the tooth width of the rome gear.
*   **Rome Angle:** If rome gear is enabled, the rotation angle of the rome gear.

**Important Considerations:**

*   The code should be well-commented and easy to understand.
*   I'd like to avoid the 0.1mm offset for double-helical gears, so the mirrored teeth should be properly unioned.
*   I want the `extrudeIn` to use a diameter (as is was intended) and a radius, as the original file mistakenly did.

**Libraries:**

I am happy for you to make use of standard OpenSCAD functions and don't need any custom libraries for basic shape generation, but please avoid the need for specific OpenSCAD files within the library

Could you please generate an OpenSCAD file that fulfills these requirements? I'm aiming for a clean, well-structured, and flexible solution.

Thank you!

[Assistant]
gears_helical.scad:
```
// Helical Gears
// Catarina Mota
// catarinamfmota@gmail.com
// 20091123

//GEAR PARAMETERS
doubleHelical=1; //int: 0=no, 1=yes (will make the gear 2x taller)

gearHeight=7; //gear depth

pitchDiam=45; //pitch diameter

shaftDiam=5; //shaft diameter

//TEETH PARAMETERS
teethNum=30; //number of teeth (int)

addendum=2;

dedendum=2;

toothWidth=2;

angle=-30; //positive=right, negative=left

orientation=-1; //int: 1=left, -1=right

//CENTER SHAPE PARAMETERS
centerShape=3; //int: solid=1, star=2, circle=3

starNum=6; //number of lines for star shape (int)
starWidth=2; //width of star lines

circleNum=7; //number of circles (int)
circleDiam=7; //diameter of circles

//CENTER CIRCLE PARAMETERS
extrudeOut=1; //int: 0=no, 1=yes
extrudeOutHeight=3;
extrudeOutWidth=7; //in relationship to shaft

extrudeIn=1; //int: 0=no, 1=yes
extrudeInDiam=pitchDiam/2-dedendum*2;
extrudeInHeight=3;

//ROME (extrudeIn must be set to 0)
rome=0; //int: 0=no, 1=yes
romeDiam=pitchDiam/2; //pitch diameter for top gear
romeHeight=gearHeight; //top gear height
romeTeeth=teethNum*2/3;
romeAdd=2; //top gear addendum
romeDed=2; //top gear dedendum
romeToothWidth=2; //teeth width for top gear
romeAngle=5; //rotate top gear (angle)

//----------------------

gear();

//----------------------

//TOOTH
module tooth(heightGear, diamPitch) {

	toothHeight=addendum+dedendum*2;

	union(){
		translate([0,toothHeight/2,0]) rotateTooth(1);
		if (doubleHelical==1){
			translate([0,toothHeight/2,-heightGear+0.1]) rotateTooth(-1);
		}
	}

	module rotateTooth(direction){
		difference(){
			rotate([0,direction*angle,0])
			box(toothWidth,toothHeight,heightGear*1.5);

			translate([0,0,heightGear*0.75+dedendum/2])
			box(heightGear,toothHeight+0.5,dedendum+heightGear/2);

			translate([0,0,-heightGear*0.75-dedendum/2])
			box(heightGear,toothHeight+0.5,dedendum+heightGear/2);
		}
	}
}

//HELICAL
module helical(numTeeth, diamPitch, heightGear) {
	rootRad=diamPitch/2-dedendum;
	difference(){
	for (i = [1:numTeeth]) {
		translate([sin(360*i/numTeeth)*(rootRad-dedendum), cos(360*i/numTeeth)*(rootRad-dedendum), 0 ]){
			rotate([0,0,-360*i/numTeeth]) tooth(heightGear, diamPitch);
		}
	}
	translate([0,0,-gearHeight/2-1]) cylinder(heightGear+2, diamPitch/2-dedendum, diamPitch/2-dedendum);
	}
}

//SOLID
module solid(heightGear, diamPitch) {
	rootRad=diamPitch/2-dedendum;
	translate([0,0,-(heightGear*doubleHelical)+0.1*doubleHelical])
	cylinder(heightGear+(heightGear-0.1)*doubleHelical, rootRad, rootRad);
}

//STAR
module star() {
	starAngle=360/starNum;
	rootRad=diamPitch/2-dedendum;
	union(){
		for (s=[1:starNum]){
			translate([0,0,gearHeight/2-(gearHeight/2*doubleHelical)]){
				rotate([0, 0, s*starAngle]) dislocateBox(starWidth, (pitchDiam/2-dedendum*2)/2, gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical));
			}
		}
		translate ([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical])
		tube(gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), pitchDiam/2-dedendum, starWidth);
		translate ([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical]){
			tube(gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), pitchDiam/4+dedendum, starWidth);
			//cylinder(gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), pitchDiam/4+dedendum, pitchDiam/4+dedendum);
		}
		translate([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical])
		cylinder(gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), shaftDiam/2+starWidth, shaftDiam/2+starWidth);
	}
}

//CIRCLE
module circle() {
	rootRad=pitchDiam/2-dedendum;
	difference(){
		solid(gearHeight-0.1*doubleHelical, pitchDiam);
		for (c=[1:circleNum]){
			translate([sin(360*c/circleNum)*(rootRad/2+shaftDiam/2), cos(360*c/circleNum)*(rootRad/2+shaftDiam/2), -gearHeight*doubleHelical]){
				cylinder(gearHeight+gearHeight*doubleHelical, circleDiam/2, circleDiam/2);
			}
		}
	}
}

//ROME
module romeGear(){
	translate([0,0,romeHeight/2+gearHeight]){
		rotate([0,0,romeAngle]){
			union(){
				helical(romeTeeth, romeDiam, romeHeight);
				translate ([0,0,-romeHeight/2]) solid(romeHeight, romeDiam);
			}
		}
	}
}

//GEAR
module gear(){

	difference () {

		union() {
			translate([0,0,gearHeight/2]) helical(teethNum, pitchDiam, gearHeight);

			if (centerShape==1) solid(gearHeight, pitchDiam);

			if (centerShape==2) star();

			if (centerShape==3) circle();

			if (rome==1) romeGear();

			//extrudeOut around shaft
			if (extrudeOut==1) {
translate([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical+0.1*doubleHelical])	cylinder(gearHeight-(extrudeInHeight*extrudeIn)+extrudeOutHeight+romeHeight*rome+gearHeight*doubleHelical-0.1*doubleHelical, extrudeOutWidth/2+shaftDiam/2, extrudeOutWidth/2+shaftDiam/2);
			}

		}

	//extrudeIn around shaft
		if (extrudeIn==1) {
			difference(){
				translate([0,0,gearHeight-extrudeInHeight+0.1*doubleHelical]) cylinder(extrudeInHeight, extrudeInDiam, extrudeInDiam);
				cylinder(gearHeight+extrudeOutHeight, (extrudeOutWidth+shaftDiam)/2*extrudeOut, (extrudeOutWidth+shaftDiam)/2*extrudeOut);
			}
		}

	//shaft
	translate([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical]) cylinder(gearHeight+extrudeOutHeight+romeHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), shaftDiam/2, shaftDiam/2);
	}
}

//----------------------

//SILLY WAY TO GET AROUND ROTATION AXIS

module dislocateBox(xBox, yBox, zBox){
	translate([0,yBox,0]){
		difference(){
			box(xBox, yBox*2, zBox);
			translate([-xBox,0,0]) box(xBox, yBox*2, zBox);
		}
	}
}

//----------------------

module box(xBox, yBox, zBox) {
	scale ([xBox, yBox, zBox]) cube(1, true);
}

module cone(height, radius) {
		cylinder(height, radius, 0);
}

module oval(xOval, yOval, zOval) {
	scale ([xOval/100, yOval/100, 1]) cylinder(zOval, 50, 50);
}

module tube(height, radius, wall) {
	difference(){
		cylinder(height, radius, radius);
		cylinder(height, radius-wall, radius-wall);
	}
}

module hexagon(height, depth) {
	boxWidth=height/1.75;
		union(){
			box(boxWidth, height, depth);
			rotate([0,0,60]) box(boxWidth, height, depth);
			rotate([0,0,-60]) box(boxWidth, height, depth);
		}
}

module octagon(height, depth) {
	intersection(){
		box(height, height, depth);
		rotate([0,0,45]) box(height, height, depth);
	}
}

module dodecagon(height, depth) {
	intersection(){
		hexagon(height, depth);
		rotate([0,0,90]) hexagon(height, depth);
	}
}

module hexagram(height, depth) {
	boxWidth=height/1.75;
	intersection(){
		box(height, boxWidth, depth);
		rotate([0,0,60]) box(height, boxWidth, depth);
	}
	intersection(){
		box(height, boxWidth, depth);
		rotate([0,0,-60]) box(height, boxWidth, depth);
	}
	intersection(){
		rotate([0,0,60]) box(height, boxWidth, depth);
		rotate([0,0,-60]) box(height, boxWidth, depth);
	}
}

module rightTriangle(adjacent, opposite, depth) {
	difference(){
		translate([-adjacent/2,opposite/2,0]) box(adjacent, opposite, depth);
		translate([-adjacent,0,0]){
			rotate([0,0,atan(opposite/adjacent)]) dislocateBox(adjacent*2, opposite, depth);
		}
	}
}

module equiTriangle(side, depth) {
	difference(){
		translate([-side/2,side/2,0]) box(side, side, depth);
		rotate([0,0,30]) dislocateBox(side*2, side, depth);
		translate([-side,0,0]){
			rotate([0,0,60]) dislocateBox(side*2, side, depth);
		}
	}
}

module 12ptStar(height, depth) {
	starNum=3;
	starAngle=360/starNum;
	for (s=[1:starNum]){
		rotate([0, 0, s*starAngle]) box(height, height, depth);
	}
}

```
gears_helical_v2.scad:
```
// Helical Gears
// Catarina Mota
// catarinamfmota@gmail.com
// Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike
// 20091123

//GEAR PARAMETERS
doubleHelical=1; //int: 0=no, 1=yes (will make the gear 2x taller)

gearHeight=7; //gear depth

pitchDiam=45; //pitch diameter

shaftDiam=5; //shaft diameter

//TEETH PARAMETERS
teethNum=30; //number of teeth (int)

addendum=1;

dedendum=1;

toothWidth=1;

angle=30; //positive=right, negative=left

//CENTER SHAPE PARAMETERS
centerShape=1; //int: solid=1, star=2, circle=3

starNum=6; //number of lines for star shape (int)
starWidth=2; //width of star lines

circleNum=7; //number of circles (int)
circleDiam=7; //diameter of circles

//CENTER CIRCLE PARAMETERS
extrudeOut=0; //int: 0=no, 1=yes
extrudeOutHeight=3;
extrudeOutWidth=7; //in relationship to shaft

extrudeIn=1; //int: 0=no, 1=yes
//extrudeInDiam=pitchDiam/2-dedendum*2;
extrudeInRad=pitchDiam/2-dedendum*2;
extrudeInHeight=5;

//ROME (extrudeIn must be set to 0)
rome=0; //int: 0=no, 1=yes
romeDiam=pitchDiam/2; //pitch diameter for top gear
romeHeight=gearHeight; //top gear height
romeTeeth=teethNum*2/3;
romeAdd=2; //top gear addendum
romeDed=2; //top gear dedendum
romeToothWidth=2; //teeth width for top gear
romeAngle=5; //rotate top gear (angle)

//----------------------

gear();

//----------------------

//TOOTH
module tooth(heightGear, diamPitch) {

	toothHeight=addendum+dedendum*2;

	union(){
		translate([0,toothHeight/2,0]) rotateTooth(1);
		if (doubleHelical==1){
			translate([0,toothHeight/2,-heightGear+0.1]) rotateTooth(-1);
		}
	}

	module rotateTooth(direction){
		difference(){
			rotate([0,direction*angle,0])
			box(toothWidth,toothHeight,heightGear*1.5);

			translate([0,0,heightGear*0.75+dedendum/2])
			box(heightGear,toothHeight+0.5,dedendum+heightGear/2);

			translate([0,0,-heightGear*0.75-dedendum/2])
			box(heightGear,toothHeight+0.5,dedendum+heightGear/2);
		}
	}
}

//HELICAL
module helical(numTeeth, diamPitch, heightGear) {
	rootRad=diamPitch/2-dedendum;
	difference(){
	for (i = [1:numTeeth]) {
		translate([sin(360*i/numTeeth)*(rootRad-dedendum), cos(360*i/numTeeth)*(rootRad-dedendum), 0 ]){
			rotate([0,0,-360*i/numTeeth]) tooth(heightGear, diamPitch);
		}
	}
	translate([0,0,-gearHeight/2-1]) cylinder(heightGear+2, diamPitch/2-dedendum, diamPitch/2-dedendum);
	}
}

//SOLID
module solid(heightGear, diamPitch) {
	rootRad=diamPitch/2-dedendum;
	translate([0,0,-(heightGear*doubleHelical)+0.1*doubleHelical])
	cylinder(heightGear+(heightGear-0.1)*doubleHelical, rootRad, rootRad);
}

//STAR
module star() {
	starAngle=360/starNum;
	rootRad=diamPitch/2-dedendum;
	union(){
		for (s=[1:starNum]){
			translate([0,0,gearHeight/2-(gearHeight/2*doubleHelical)]){
				rotate([0, 0, s*starAngle]) dislocateBox(starWidth, (pitchDiam/2-dedendum*2)/2, gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical));
			}
		}
		translate ([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical])
		tube(gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), pitchDiam/2-dedendum, starWidth);
		translate ([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical]){
			tube(gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), pitchDiam/4+dedendum, starWidth);
			//cylinder(gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), pitchDiam/4+dedendum, pitchDiam/4+dedendum);
		}
		translate([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical])
		cylinder(gearHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), shaftDiam/2+starWidth, shaftDiam/2+starWidth);
	}
}

//CIRCLE
module circle() {
	rootRad=pitchDiam/2-dedendum;
	difference(){
		solid(gearHeight-0.1*doubleHelical, pitchDiam);
		for (c=[1:circleNum]){
			translate([sin(360*c/circleNum)*(rootRad/2+shaftDiam/2), cos(360*c/circleNum)*(rootRad/2+shaftDiam/2), -gearHeight*doubleHelical]){
				cylinder(gearHeight+gearHeight*doubleHelical, circleDiam/2, circleDiam/2);
			}
		}
	}
}

//ROME
module romeGear(){
	translate([0,0,romeHeight/2+gearHeight]){
		rotate([0,0,romeAngle]){
			union(){
				helical(romeTeeth, romeDiam, romeHeight);
				translate ([0,0,-romeHeight/2]) solid(romeHeight, romeDiam);
			}
		}
	}
}

//GEAR
module gear(){

	difference () {

		union() {
			translate([0,0,gearHeight/2]) helical(teethNum, pitchDiam, gearHeight);

			if (centerShape==1)  solid(gearHeight, pitchDiam);

			if (centerShape==2) star();

			if (centerShape==3) circle();

			if (rome==1) romeGear();

			//extrudeOut around shaft
			if (extrudeOut==1) {
translate([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical+0.1*doubleHelical])	cylinder(gearHeight-(extrudeInHeight*extrudeIn)+extrudeOutHeight+romeHeight*rome+gearHeight*doubleHelical-0.1*doubleHelical, extrudeOutWidth/2+shaftDiam/2, extrudeOutWidth/2+shaftDiam/2);
			}

		}

	//extrudeIn around shaft
		if (extrudeIn==1) {
			difference(){
				translate([0,0,gearHeight-extrudeInHeight+0.1*doubleHelical]) cylinder(extrudeInHeight, extrudeInRad, extrudeInRad);
				cylinder(gearHeight+extrudeOutHeight, (extrudeOutWidth+shaftDiam)/2*extrudeOut, (extrudeOutWidth+shaftDiam)/2*extrudeOut);
			}
		}

	//shaft
	translate([0,0,-gearHeight*doubleHelical]) cylinder(gearHeight+extrudeOutHeight+romeHeight+(gearHeight*doubleHelical), shaftDiam/2, shaftDiam/2);
	}
}

//----------------------

//SILLY WAY TO GET AROUND ROTATION AXIS

module dislocateBox(xBox, yBox, zBox){
	translate([0,yBox,0]){
		difference(){
			box(xBox, yBox*2, zBox);
			translate([-xBox,0,0]) box(xBox, yBox*2, zBox);
		}
	}
}

//----------------------

module box(w,h,d) {
	scale ([w,h,d]) cube(1, true);
}

module hollowBox(w,h,d,wall){
	difference(){
		box(w,h,d);
		box(w-wall*2,h-wall*2,d);
	}
}

module roundedBox(w,h,d,f){
	difference(){
		box(w,h,d);
		translate([-w/2,h/2,0]) cube(w/(f/2),true);
		translate([w/2,h/2,0]) cube(w/(f/2),true);
		translate([-w/2,-h/2,0]) cube(w/(f/2),true);
		translate([w/2,-h/2,0]) cube(w/(f/2),true);
	}
	translate([-w/2+w/f,h/2-w/f,-d/2]) cylinder(d,w/f, w/f);
	translate([w/2-w/f,h/2-w/f,-d/2]) cylinder(d,w/f, w/f);
	translate([-w/2+w/f,-h/2+w/f,-d/2]) cylinder(d,w/f, w/f);
	translate([w/2-w/f,-h/2+w/f,-d/2]) cylinder(d,w/f, w/f);
}

module cone(height, radius) {
		cylinder(height, radius, 0);
}

module oval(w,h,d) {
	scale ([w/100, h/100, 1]) cylinder(d, 50, 50);
}

module tube(height, radius, wall) {
	difference(){
		cylinder(height, radius, radius);
		cylinder(height, radius-wall, radius-wall);
	}
}

module ovalTube(w,h,d,wall) {
	difference(){
		scale ([w/100, h/100, 1]) cylinder(d, 50, 50);
		scale ([w/100, h/100, 1]) cylinder(d, 50-wall, 50-wall);
	}
}

module tearDrop(diam) {
	f=0.52;
	union(){
		translate([0,diam*0.70,depth/2]) rotate([0,0,135]) rightTriangle(diam*f,diam*f, depth);
		cylinder(depth,diam/2,diam/2);
	}
}

module hexagon(height, depth) {
	boxWidth=height/1.75;
		union(){
			box(boxWidth, height, depth);
			rotate([0,0,60]) box(boxWidth, height, depth);
			rotate([0,0,-60]) box(boxWidth, height, depth);
		}
}

module octagon(height, depth) {
	intersection(){
		box(height, height, depth);
		rotate([0,0,45]) box(height, height, depth);
	}
}

module dodecagon(height, depth) {
	intersection(){
		hexagon(height, depth);
		rotate([0,0,90]) hexagon(height, depth);
	}
}

module hexagram(height, depth) {
	boxWidth=height/1.75;
	intersection(){
		box(height, boxWidth, depth);
		rotate([0,0,60]) box(height, boxWidth, depth);
	}
	intersection(){
		box(height, boxWidth, depth);
		rotate([0,0,-60]) box(height, boxWidth, depth);
	}
	intersection(){
		rotate([0,0,60]) box(height, boxWidth, depth);
		rotate([0,0,-60]) box(height, boxWidth, depth);
	}
}

module rightTriangle(adjacent, opposite, depth) {
	difference(){
		translate([-adjacent/2,opposite/2,0]) box(adjacent, opposite, depth);
		translate([-adjacent,0,0]){
			rotate([0,0,atan(opposite/adjacent)]) dislocateBox(adjacent*2, opposite, depth);
		}
	}
}

module equiTriangle(side, depth) {
	difference(){
		translate([-side/2,side/2,0]) box(side, side, depth);
		rotate([0,0,30]) dislocateBox(side*2, side, depth);
		translate([-side,0,0]){
			rotate([0,0,60]) dislocateBox(side*2, side, depth);
		}
	}
}

module 12ptStar(height, depth) {
	starNum=3;
	starAngle=360/starNum;
	for (s=[1:starNum]){
		rotate([0, 0, s*starAngle]) box(height, height, depth);
	}
}
```


[User]
Hi! I'm trying to create a parametric L-bracket for 3D printing. I've got a couple of OpenSCAD files that do what I want, but they are getting a little clunky, and I need a really flexible solution that I can use to create different sized brackets. I want to use it to fix some old furniture.

I've attached the existing `l-bracket.scad` and `l-bracket.v1.1.scad` files to give you an idea of what I'm going for. The basic idea is an L-shape with two walls, and a couple of triangular gussets/braces for strength. The key feature is that each wall of the L-shape has a lengthwise slot for mounting. The `v1.1` version is closest to what I want, which allows for independent control of the lengths of each side.

Here are the specific design requirements I have in mind:

1.  **Parametric Dimensions:**
    *   `wall_thickness`:  The thickness of the L-bracket walls.
    *   `internal_width`:  The width of the slot/channel in each wall.
    *   `slot_width`: The width of the slot in each wall
    *   `side_length_h`: The length of the horizontal wall.
    *   `side_length_v`: The length of the vertical wall.
    *  It should also include a value to control the number of faces to use for the cylinders that form the end caps of the slots, named $fn (or a similar, logical name).
2.  **Slot Feature:** Each wall should have a slot/channel running its entire length. It should be centered on the wall and be inset from the edges of the wall by at least the wall thickness. The slot needs to be created using a `stadium3d` type shape.
3.  **Gussets/Braces:** Add triangular gussets/braces at the inner corner of the L-bracket. The gussets should extend the full length and height of their respective walls and overlap to make a solid model. They should be the same thickness as the wall.
4.  **Overlap:** Use a technique like the `abit` variable to ensure that the various parts overlap slightly when they intersect to create a single, solid manifold STL file.

I would prefer the design be as clean and efficient as possible while still being readable, so feel free to refactor or use helper functions/modules where needed. You do not need to import any libraries like MCAD.

Can you create an OpenSCAD file that meets these requirements? I'm looking for a single `.scad` file that I can open and customize with those parameters.

[Assistant]
l-bracket.scad:
```
// l-bracket.scad
//
// generates an l-bracket from the given parameters

// Copyright (c) 2015, Patrick Barrett
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
// ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

wall_thickness = 2;
internal_width = 12;
slot_width = 4;
side_length = 20;

// customizable variables end here

head_annulus = (internal_width/2) - (slot_width/2);

abit = 0.0001 * 1; //use for making overlap to get single manifold stl

module stadium3d(a, r, z, center = false){
	offset_x = center ? -(r + (a / 2)) : 0;
	offset_y = center ? -(r) : 0;
	offset_z = center ? -(z / 2) : 0;

	translate([offset_x, offset_y, offset_z])
	union() {
		translate([r, 0, 0])
			cube([a, 2*r, z]);
		translate([r, r, 0])
			cylinder(h = z, r = r, center = false);
		translate([r + a, r, 0])
			cylinder(h = z, r = r);
	}
}

union() {
	// horizontal wall
	difference() {
		cube([side_length + wall_thickness,
		      internal_width + 2*wall_thickness,
		      wall_thickness]);
		translate([wall_thickness + head_annulus,
		           wall_thickness + head_annulus,
		           -1])
			stadium3d(side_length - (2*head_annulus) - slot_width,
 			          slot_width / 2,
 			          wall_thickness + 2);
	}

	// verticle wall
	translate([wall_thickness, 0, 0])
	rotate([0,-90,0])
	difference() {
		cube([side_length + wall_thickness,
		      internal_width + 2*wall_thickness,
		      wall_thickness]);
		translate([wall_thickness + head_annulus,
		           wall_thickness + head_annulus,
		           -1])
			stadium3d(side_length - (2*head_annulus) - slot_width,
 			          slot_width / 2,
 			          wall_thickness + 2);
	}

	// bracer 1
	translate([wall_thickness - abit,
	           wall_thickness,
	           wall_thickness - abit])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	linear_extrude(height = wall_thickness) {
		polygon([[0,0],
		        [side_length,0],
		        [0,side_length]]);
	}

	// bracer 2
	translate([wall_thickness - abit,
	           2*wall_thickness + internal_width,
	           wall_thickness - abit])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	linear_extrude(height = wall_thickness) {
		polygon([[0,0],
		        [side_length,0],
		        [0,side_length]]);
	}
}

```
l-bracket.v1.1.scad:
```
//=============================================================================
// l-bracket.scad
//
// generates an l-bracket from the given parameters
//=============================================================================
// CHANGELOG
//
// v1.1 - makes side lengths independant, set $fn
// v1.0 - original release
//=============================================================================
// Written in 2018 by Patrick Barrett
//
// To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
// and related and neighboring rights to this work to the public domain
// worldwide. This work is distributed without any warranty.
//
// See <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/> for full dedication.
//=============================================================================

wall_thickness = 2;
internal_width = 12;
slot_width = 4;
side_length_v = 30;
side_length_h = 20;

// customizable variables end here

head_annulus = (internal_width/2) - (slot_width/2);

abit = 0.0001 * 1; //use for making overlap to get single manifold stl

$fn = 24;

module stadium3d(a, r, z, center = false){
	offset_x = center ? -(r + (a / 2)) : 0;
	offset_y = center ? -(r) : 0;
	offset_z = center ? -(z / 2) : 0;

	translate([offset_x, offset_y, offset_z])
	union() {
		translate([r, 0, 0])
			cube([a, 2*r, z]);
		translate([r, r, 0])
			cylinder(h = z, r = r, center = false);
		translate([r + a, r, 0])
			cylinder(h = z, r = r);
	}
}

union() {
	// horizontal wall
	difference() {
		cube([side_length_h + wall_thickness,
		      internal_width + 2*wall_thickness,
		      wall_thickness]);
		translate([wall_thickness + head_annulus,
		           wall_thickness + head_annulus,
		           -1])
			stadium3d(side_length_h - (2*head_annulus) - slot_width,
 			          slot_width / 2,
 			          wall_thickness + 2);
	}

	// vertiacle wall
	translate([wall_thickness, 0, 0])
	rotate([0,-90,0])
	difference() {
		cube([side_length_v + wall_thickness,
		      internal_width + 2*wall_thickness,
		      wall_thickness]);
		translate([wall_thickness + head_annulus,
		           wall_thickness + head_annulus,
		           -1])
			stadium3d(side_length_v - (2*head_annulus) - slot_width,
 			          slot_width / 2,
 			          wall_thickness + 2);
	}

	// bracer 1
	translate([wall_thickness - abit,
	           wall_thickness,
	           wall_thickness - abit])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	linear_extrude(height = wall_thickness) {
		polygon([[0,0],
		        [side_length_h,0],
		        [0,side_length_v]]);
	}

	// bracer 2
	translate([wall_thickness - abit,
	           2*wall_thickness + internal_width,
	           wall_thickness - abit])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	linear_extrude(height = wall_thickness) {
		polygon([[0,0],
		        [side_length_h,0],
		        [0,side_length_v]]);
	}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a small, parametric wrench for tightening M4 nylock nuts, and I need some help with the OpenSCAD code. I've already started a design, and I have some parameters that I'd like to make easily adjustable.

Here’s how I envision the wrench:

*   **Basic Shape:** The wrench should consist of two cylindrical heads connected by a rectangular body. The heads will have a hexagonal cutout for the nut.
*   **Parametric Design:**  I need to be able to change the following:
    *   `D`: The diameter of the nut (currently set to 6.94mm, but should be easily changed). This will determine the size of the hexagon cutout.
    *   `M`: The margin around the nut in the cylindrical head (currently set to `D/2`, but should be configurable).
    *   `H`: The height (or thickness) of the tool (currently set to 5mm).
    *   `Ltot`: The total length of the tool (currently set to 75mm).
*   **Specific Features:**
    *   The cylindrical heads should be at the ends of the rectangular body, with a margin (`M`) around the nut diameter (`D`).
    *   Each head should have a hexagon cutout that matches the nut size (`D`), rotated by 30 degrees to allow it to be easily used.
    *   I'd like a small, rectangular relief cut in between the two ends of the wrench to provide more clearance around the nut.
    *   The wrench should be designed so that it is positioned centered in space around 0,0,0
    *   I’d like the OpenSCAD code to use the MCAD library, specifically the `regular_shapes.scad` file in it, to easily create the hexagons and to make the code easier to read.
*   **General Goal:**  The goal is to create a functional wrench for M4 nylock nuts that is easy to customize by changing the parameters mentioned above.

I’d like the generated code to be as clear and well-commented as possible to make it easier for me to understand. Can you help me generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
mini_wrench.scad:
```
include <MCAD/regular_shapes.scad>

// DIAMETER OF NUT in mm
D = 6.94;
// MARGIN
M = D/2;
// HEIGHT (THICKNESS) OF TOOL in mm
H = 5;
// TOTAL LENGTH OF TOOL in mm
Ltot = 75;

// Length from Center of One Side to Center of Other Side
L = Ltot-2*(D/2+M);

difference() {
	union() {
		translate([0,L/2,H/2]) {
			cylinder(r = (D/2+M), h = H,center = true);
		}
		translate([0,-L/2,H/2]) {
			cylinder(r = (D/2+M), h = H,center = true);
		}
		translate([-1*D/2,-L/2,0]) {
			cube([D,L,H], center=false);
		}
	}
	translate([0,-L/2,H/2]) {
		rotate([0,0,30]) {
			hexagon(D, H);
		}
	}
	translate([0,-1*D-L/2,H/2]) {
		cube([D,2*D,H], center = true);
	}
	translate([0,L/2,H/2]) {
		rotate([0,0,30]) {
			hexagon(D, H);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I need a simple, but flexible OpenSCAD design for a washer or spacer. I need to be able to control the height, the inner diameter, and the outer diameter of the washer. I'd also like to include a small chamfer on the bottom edges of the washer – both inner and outer - to help with 3D printing and reduce the "elephant foot" effect. I'd like to be able to specify the size of those chamfers, too. It's important that the chamfer is on the bottom of the washer only.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that does this?

I want these parameters to be easily adjustable:

*   `height`: The overall height/thickness of the washer in millimeters.
*   `inner_diameter`: The diameter of the hole in the center of the washer, in millimeters.
*   `outer_diameter`: The outer diameter of the washer, in millimeters.
*   `chamfer_inner`: The size of the inner chamfer at the bottom, in millimeters.
*   `chamfer_outer`: The size of the outer chamfer at the bottom, in millimeters.

Make sure the chamfer is applied to the bottom edge and that it's a proper chamfer, not just a flat cut.
I'm also hoping to keep the code relatively clean and easy to read.
I don't need any external libraries or complex features, just basic cylinders and `difference()` operations. Thank you!

[Assistant]
washer.scad:
```

// height in mm
height = 5;

// inner diameter in mm
inner_diameter = 5;

// outer diameter in mm
outer_diameter = 10;

// inner chamfer at bottom in mm (to avoid 'elephant foot' when 3d printing)
chamfer_inner = 0.4;

// outer chamfer at bottom in mm (to avoid 'elephant foot' when 3d printing)
chamfer_outer = 0.4;

/* [Hidden] */

inner_radius = inner_diameter/2;
outer_radius = outer_diameter/2;
eps = 0.001;

$fn = 50;

difference()
{
	cylinder(h=height, r=outer_radius);
	translate([0,0,-eps]) cylinder(h=height+1, r=inner_radius);

	translate([0,0,-eps]) cylinder(h=chamfer_inner, r1=inner_radius+chamfer_inner, r2=inner_radius);

    translate([0,0,-eps]) difference()
    {
        cylinder(h=chamfer_outer, r=outer_radius);
        translate([0,0,-eps]) cylinder(h=chamfer_outer, r1=outer_radius-chamfer_outer, r2=outer_radius+eps);
    }
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to get a parametric version of this mustache design I found on Thingiverse (it's for Movember!). I'm not a big OpenSCAD expert, and I want to be able to tweak the shape and size of the mustache more easily.

Right now, it's hardcoded with these specific segment angles, widths, and lengths, defined by these variables: `a1`, `w1`, `l1`, `a2`, `w2`, `l2`, `a3`, `w3`, `l3`, `a4`, `w4`, `l4`, `a5`, `w5`, and `l5`. I'd like to be able to control each of these more directly, and maybe even add more "segments" to make longer or curlier mustaches.

Here's what I'm thinking:

1.  **Segment Parameters:** Instead of individual variables, I want to use a list (or an array of lists) that defines each segment. The parameters for each segment should include:
    *   `angle`:  The angle of the segment (like `a1`, `a2`, etc.).
    *   `start_width`: The width at the beginning of the segment (like `w1`, `w2`, etc.)
    *   `end_width`: The width at the end of the segment (like `w2`, `w3`, etc.) - this needs to be separate from `start_width` since the cylinders have differing radii.
    *   `length`: The length of the segment (like `l1`, `l2`, etc.).

2.  **Number of Segments:** I'd like to be able to specify the number of segments in the mustache, allowing me to add or remove segments easily.

3.  **Symmetry:** The current design uses `mirror()` to create the full mustache. That's good! I need to make sure that's preserved.

4.  **Center:** I like the way the center is currently made by the `sphere(15)` at `translate([12,18,0])`. That looks like it works well as a base.

5. **Scaling:** The comments in the code hint at scaling via `scale([0.8,0.8,0.4])`. I want to be able to scale the entire design with a parameter.

6.  **Base Shape:** I think the base shape created by `intersection(){ translate([12,18,0]) union(){sphere(15); ...} cube(75);}` is pretty close to what I want, so lets not change the method of producing that.

7. **Libraries:** I don't think I'll need anything beyond the core OpenSCAD features for this.

So basically, I want a parametric function that takes this list of segment parameters, generates the mustache segments, and combines them with a spherical base and mirrored structure.  I'd like to have the code be as clean and readable as possible, so it's easy to modify in the future. I would also like it to be easy to add more segments.

Can you help me create this parametric OpenSCAD file?

[Assistant]
Mo.scad:
```
// Mo.scad - a mustache ornament for Movember
// by Nicholas C. Lewis (A RepRap Breeding Program)
// www.NicholasCLewis.com
//
// It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution license
// CC-BY 2010 by Nicholas C. Lewis
// http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4648

a1 = 12;
w1 = 15;
l1 = 25;
a2 = -12;
w2 = 12;
l2 = 20;
a3 = -22;
w3 = 8;
l3 = 10;
a4 = -18;
w4 = 5;
l4 = 10;
a5 = -20;
w5 = 3;
l5 = 15;

//scale([0.8,0.8,0.4]){  // uncomment for MoSmall.stl or uncomment and change scale for other size
	union(){
		mirror()
			HalfMo();

		HalfMo();
	}
//}

module HalfMo(){
	intersection(){
		translate([12,18,0])
		union(){
			sphere(15);
			rotate([0,90,0])
			union(){
				rotate([a1,0,0]){
					cylinder(r1 = w1, r2=w2,h=l1);
					translate([0,0,l1+sin(a2)*w2]){
						rotate([a2,0,0]){
							cylinder(r1 = w2/cos(a2), r2=w3,h=l2);
							translate([0,0,l2+sin(a3)*w3]){
								rotate([a3,0,0]){
									cylinder(r1 = w3/cos(a3), r2=w4,h=l3);
									translate([0,0,l3+sin(a4)*w4]){
										rotate([a4,0,0]){
											cylinder(r1 = w4/cos(a4), r2=w5,h=l4);
											translate([0,0,l4+sin(a5)*w5])
												rotate([a5,0,0])
													cylinder(r1 = w5/cos(a4), r2=0,h=l5);
										}
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		cube(75);
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm trying to design a parametric snowflake-like ornament for 3D printing, and I've made a decent start in OpenSCAD, but I want something a little more robust and customizable. I've based my work on this design I found online: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1388, but I've noticed that the design I have doesn't print as sturdy as I'd like, and some of the original design's complexity is missing.

Here's what I'm aiming for, and what I've got so far.

My current OpenSCAD code looks like this (I'll paste it in here so you can see what I'm working with):

```
//Parametric Snowflake... and star
//common snowflake variables
//make seed 100 for a star
arm_num = 6;
branch_length =40;
branch_angle = 15;
branch_thickness = 3;
thickness = 6;
spike_num = 6; //suggest under 40
seed =1; //any number 1 -7

//snowflake starts
module tree(branch_length,branch_angle, branch_thickness, thickness,spike_num,seed){
	module half_tree(){
		cube([branch_thickness/2,branch_length,thickness]);

		for ( i = [1:spike_num]){
			translate([0, (branch_length-1.3)*cos(i*13), 0])
			rotate(branch_angle*(seed+sin(i*15)))
			cube([branch_length*sin(i*(2+seed))+0.5, branch_thickness, thickness]);
		}
	}

	half_tree(branch_length, branch_angle,branch_thickness, thickness,spike_num, seed);
	mirror()half_tree(branch_length, branch_angle, thickness, spike_num, seed);
}

module snowflake(arm_num, branch_length, branch_angle, branch_thickness, thickness, spike_num, seed){
	hole_dist = branch_length;
	translate([0,branch_length,0])cylinder(h=thickness, r=branch_length*sin(1*(2+seed))+branch_thickness, $fn=10);
		for ( i = [0:arm_num-1]){
			rotate( i*360/arm_num, [0,0,1])
			tree(branch_length,branch_angle, branch_thickness, thickness,spike_num,seed);
		}
}

translate([branch_length,branch_length,0]){
difference(){

snowflake(
	arm_num,
	branch_length,
	branch_angle,
	branch_thickness,
	thickness,
	spike_num,
	seed
);
translate([0,branch_length,-2])cylinder(h=thickness*2, r=branch_length*sin(3), $fn=10);
}
}
```

The main design is based on a central hub with a specified number of "arms" radiating outwards. Each arm is like a small "tree" with smaller branch-like features coming off of it. The number of arms, the length of the main branch, and a couple of "seed" values all affect the overall shape.

Here’s what I want the final design to have, specifically, with regard to robustness:
*   **Thicker Base:** I think the center of the snowflake, where all the arms join, needs to be thicker and more robust to prevent breakage. My current design has a simple cylinder, which isn't that strong. I want a way to create a thicker, more solid hub at the center.
*   **Thicker Arms:** I'd like to be able to control how thick the arms are individually, with a parameter; the "branch_thickness" setting affects the whole tree. The inner portion of the arms is most fragile.
*   **More Complex Branches:** The little branch-like features coming off the arms are all generated with simple cubes. This is functional but fairly basic. If possible I'd like to make them slightly less simple looking, maybe some small rounded features.
*   **Configurable Joint Style:** where the branches meet the arms, a basic connection is made, I'd like to be able to configure this.

Here's what I want the parameters to be (using my current variable names where possible):

*   `arm_num`: The number of main arms of the snowflake.
*   `branch_length`: The length of the main branch/arm.
*   `branch_angle`: The angle at which the "branches" sprout off the main arms, with respect to the main arm axis.
*   `branch_thickness`: The initial thickness of the main branch.
*   `arm_thickness`: The thickness of the main arm near the base.
*   `thickness`: Overall thickness of the snowflake (z-dimension).
*   `spike_num`: The number of "spikes" or branches on each arm.
*   `seed`: A seed value to create variation in the branches.
*   `center_hub_radius`: Radius of the main, robust center hub.
*    `center_hub_height`: Height of the main, robust center hub.
*   `branch_curve`: A value controlling curvature of the branches.
*    `joint_type`: An integer selecting between several joint styles (0, 1, 2 for example).

I want to be able to control these parameters to create a variety of snowflake/star-like ornaments and, if possible, to use some of the other functions in openscad, but I don't want it to be recursive.

I am okay with using the `MCAD` library if that would help simplify things, or if there are other libraries that would help, I can try to install those. I am also okay with using helper modules for things like making the joints.

Could you help me create an OpenSCAD file with these parameters? Thank you.

[Assistant]
snowflake.scad:
```
//Parametric Snowflake... and star
//common snowflake variables
//make seed 100 for a star
arm_num = 6;
branch_length =40;
branch_angle = 15;
branch_thickness = 3;
thickness = 6;
spike_num = 6; //suggest under 40
seed =1; //any number 1 -7

//snowflake starts
module tree(branch_length,branch_angle, branch_thickness, thickness,spike_num,seed){
	module half_tree(){
		cube([branch_thickness/2,branch_length,thickness]);

		for ( i = [1:spike_num]){
			translate([0, (branch_length-1.3)*cos(i*13), 0])
			rotate(branch_angle*(seed+sin(i*15)))
			cube([branch_length*sin(i*(2+seed))+0.5, branch_thickness, thickness]);
		}
	}

	half_tree(branch_length, branch_angle,branch_thickness, thickness,spike_num, seed);
	mirror()half_tree(branch_length, branch_angle, thickness, spike_num, seed);
}

module snowflake(arm_num, branch_length, branch_angle, branch_thickness, thickness, spike_num, seed){
	hole_dist = branch_length;
	translate([0,branch_length,0])cylinder(h=thickness, r=branch_length*sin(1*(2+seed))+branch_thickness, $fn=10);
		for ( i = [0:arm_num-1]){
			rotate( i*360/arm_num, [0,0,1])
			tree(branch_length,branch_angle, branch_thickness, thickness,spike_num,seed);
		}
}

translate([branch_length,branch_length,0]){
difference(){

snowflake(
	arm_num,
	branch_length,
	branch_angle,
	branch_thickness,
	thickness,
	spike_num,
	seed
);
translate([0,branch_length,-2])cylinder(h=thickness*2, r=branch_length*sin(3), $fn=10);
}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD file for a wrench, similar to the one I've designed before but with a few more options. The goal is to make it easily adjustable for different nut sizes and handle lengths.

My previous attempt is below:

```
include <MCAD/shapes.scad>

// http://www.engineersedge.com/iso_hex_head_screw.htm

size = 5.5;
height = 4;

bar_length = 10*size;

wall_size = max(4, size/4);

difference () {
 union () {
  // The outisde of the bit that actually holds the nut.
  rotate(a=30, v=[0, 0, 1])
   hexagon(height=height, size=size+wall_size*2);

  translate([0, size, 0])
   rotate(a=90, v=[0, 0, 1])
    cube([wall_size, size+wall_size*2, height], center=true);

  // The bar / handle
  translate([0, -bar_length/2, 0])
   cube([wall_size, bar_length, height], center=true);
 }

 union() {
  translate([-size/2, 0, -height/2-0.05])
   cube([size, size+wall_size, height+0.1]);

  rotate(a=30, v=[0, 0, 1])
   hexagon(height=height+0.1, size=size);
 }

}
```

I want to be able to control the following:

*   `nut_size`: The size of the nut the wrench is intended for (i.e., the flat-to-flat measurement of a hex nut).  I think this should drive most of the other dimensions.
*   `wrench_height`: The overall thickness of the wrench.
*   `handle_length`: The length of the wrench handle.  Ideally, there would be a default length, maybe a multiple of `nut_size`, but I want to be able to override that.
*   `wall_thickness`: The thickness of the material surrounding the nut opening. I want to calculate a default value based on `nut_size`, but I'd like an override. Maybe something that defaults to `max(4, nut_size/4)`?
*   `bar_width`: The width of the wrench handle. I'd also like this to have a default based on `wall_thickness`. I'd be happy with something like `wall_thickness`.

I'd like the wrench to be based on a difference of unions, like my example. The main body should consist of a hexagon with an added rectangular piece for the second jaw around the nut, and a bar for the handle. Then, the cut-out for the nut should be made from a second hexagon and a rectangular cut, similar to how my example works.

Please use the MCAD library, specifically `shapes.scad` for the hexagon shape.

I want to make sure that the nut hole is created with a slight tolerance; in the provided example the nut-hole hexagon is slightly taller by 0.1 than the main hexagon body (and extends below as well).

Can you provide an OpenSCAD file implementing this?

[Assistant]
wrench.scad:
```
include <MCAD/shapes.scad>

// http://www.engineersedge.com/iso_hex_head_screw.htm

size = 5.5;
height = 4;

bar_length = 10*size;

wall_size = max(4, size/4);

difference () {
 union () {
  // The outisde of the bit that actually holds the nut.
  rotate(a=30, v=[0, 0, 1])
   hexagon(height=height, size=size+wall_size*2);

  translate([0, size, 0])
   rotate(a=90, v=[0, 0, 1])
    cube([wall_size, size+wall_size*2, height], center=true);

  // The bar / handle
  translate([0, -bar_length/2, 0])
   cube([wall_size, bar_length, height], center=true);
 }

 union() {
  translate([-size/2, 0, -height/2-0.05])
   cube([size, size+wall_size, height+0.1]);

  rotate(a=30, v=[0, 0, 1])
   hexagon(height=height+0.1, size=size);
 }

}

```


[User]
Okay, here's my query for a more advanced, parametric Monolith model:

Hi, I've been playing around with the `parametric_monolith.scad` file, and it's a great start, but I'd like to push it a bit further. I'm aiming to create a more detailed, customizable Monolith, ideally something that would allow me to create different versions – maybe even hint at the different TMA variants from the 2001 series.

Here's what I'd like to add:

1.  **Bevelled Edges:** Instead of sharp corners, I want the ability to add bevelled edges to the monolith. I'd like a parameter to control the size (depth) of the bevel, and ideally another parameter to specify how many segments to use for the bevel (e.g., 1 would be a simple chamfer, more would give it a curved profile). This should apply to all 12 edges.

2.  **Surface Texture:** The perfectly smooth surface is a bit too simple. I'd like to experiment with some light texturing. I'm thinking of a subtle noise/displacement map. I'm not sure how this would best be implemented. A parameter to control the amplitude of the noise would be good. Perhaps there could also be an option to use a perlin noise function to generate the surface.

3. **Tapered Form:** In addition to the bevelled edges, I would like to add a subtle taper to the monolith along the Z axis. This would give it a more dynamic shape. I would like a parameter to control the amount of taper.

4. **Customizable Ratios:** While using prime numbers is interesting, I'd like more direct control over the dimensions. I'd like to be able to specify the x, y, and z dimensions directly, instead of relying on the ratios. The scaling parameter would still apply, just to the specified X, Y and Z values.

5.  **Optional Base/Stand:** I want to be able to optionally generate a simple base or stand for the monolith. Maybe a cylindrical base or a simple rectangular one that matches the dimensions of the monolith's base. The base should be parametric for size and thickness as well.

6.  **MCAD library**: This is important, I would like to use features from the MCAD library if it makes the code easier to read or modify. It doesn't have to use it but if it is useful, don't hesitate to use it.

I'm not too familiar with advanced OpenSCAD techniques for things like texture mapping, so I'm hoping you can help with that. I'm looking for a parametric design that will let me iterate on different versions of the Monolith. Also, I would still like the generated model to be automatically rotated into the correct printing position, as in the original file. Can you help me create an OpenSCAD file that does all this?

[Assistant]
parametric_monolith.scad:
```
//
//	Parametric Monolith
//	By Theron Trowbridge
//	2011-01-11
//	theron.trowbridge@gmail.com
//
//	Modeled after Tycho Magnetic Anomoly monoliths from the 2001: A Space Odyssey series
//	Automatic adjustment to be centered on build platform for MakerBot 3D printer
//

/////////////////////
//	Parameters	//
////////////////////
ratio = [ 1, 2, 3 ];	//	The first three primes - change for other shapes
scale_factor = 10;		//	10 is about largest for MakerBot, reduce to make smaller

/////////////////////
//	monolith()	//
////////////////////
module monolith()
{
	x = pow( ratio[0], 2 );
	y = pow( ratio[1], 2 );
	z = pow( ratio[2], 2 );

	cube([x,y,z]);
}

//	Render the monolith
rotate( a=90, v=[1,0,0] ) {	//	Rotate 90 degrees on X axis (lay it flat
	rotate( a=90, v=[0,0,1] ) {	//	Rotate 90 degrees on Z axis (make it face us)
		translate( v=[ 0,
					pow( ratio[1], 2) / 2 * scale_factor * -1,
					pow( ratio[2], 2) / 2 * scale_factor * -1 ] ) {	//	Move it to be on Y and Z axis
			scale( v=[ scale_factor, scale_factor, scale_factor ] ) {	//	Scale it to desired size
				monolith();
			}
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a parametric funnel. I've already got a basic design I've been playing around with (attached: funnel.scad), but I think there are some improvements that could be made and I'd like to make it more robust.

My current design creates a funnel using a cone section connected to a cylindrical neck. The parameters I'm currently using are: `bottom_diameter`, `cone_height`, `top_diameter`, `top_height`, and `width`, where `width` is the thickness of the funnel walls. I'm using `difference()` operations to create the hollow funnel by subtracting a smaller cylinder from a larger one.

Here’s what I’d like improved and new parameters I'd like to introduce:

1.  **Smooth Transitions:** Instead of a hard transition from the cone to the cylindrical neck, can we round that corner? I'm envisioning a fillet or a similar rounded transition there.
2.  **Base:** I'd like to have an optional base that adds stability. It should be a flat cylinder connected to the bottom of the cone.
    *   I need a new parameter, `base_diameter`, for the diameter of this base, and `base_height` for the height.
    *   I'd like a boolean parameter called `has_base` that lets the user easily turn the base on or off.
3.  **Hole in Base:** If there’s a base, it should probably have a hole centered on the funnel's central axis, for easier mounting. The size of that hole could be an additional parameter, called `base_hole_diameter`.
4.  **Top Rim:** I think a rounded or beveled rim at the top of the cylindrical section would be nice. I'd like a boolean parameter called `has_rim`, and if set to true, apply a small chamfer or bevel to the top of the cylinder. A `rim_width` parameter would control the width of that bevel or chamfer.
5. **Wall Thickness Parameter:** Could we adjust the `width` parameter to more explicitly control the overall wall thickness of the entire funnel?
6. **Units:** Could you also ensure that the generated OpenSCAD file uses the built-in `$fn` variable to control the resolution of all circular objects? Make it easily modifiable for different levels of resolution for printing versus display.

So, in summary, I'd like you to generate an OpenSCAD file for a parametric funnel using the following parameters:

*   `bottom_diameter`
*   `cone_height`
*   `top_diameter`
*   `top_height`
*   `wall_thickness` (formerly `width`)
*   `has_base` (boolean)
*   `base_diameter`
*   `base_height`
*   `base_hole_diameter`
*   `has_rim` (boolean)
*   `rim_width`
*   `$fn` (to control resolution of circles)

Please include comments to make the code easy to understand, particularly around how the rounded transition from the cone to the cylinder is created, along with the base and rim feature implementation.

I *do not* need any MCAD libraries or any other external libraries for this design. I would like it to be stand-alone as much as possible.

Thanks in advance for your help!

[Assistant]
Funnel.scad:
```
// Parametric Funnel by Coasterman

// VARIABLES
bottom_diameter = 70;
cone_height = 45;
top_diameter = 5;
top_height = 20;
width = 2.5;

// CODE
union()
{
difference()
{
cylinder(h=cone_height, r1=bottom_diameter/2 + width, r2 = top_diameter/2 + width);
cylinder(h=cone_height, r1=bottom_diameter/2, r2 = top_diameter/2);
}
translate([0, 0, cone_height])
{
difference()
{
cylinder(h=top_height, r=top_diameter/2 + width);
cylinder(h=top_height, r=top_diameter/2);
}
}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I've got this OpenSCAD script that generates a herringbone gear set, but it's a bit clunky and I'd like to make it more flexible and user-friendly. I'm looking for an assistant to help me refactor this into a more robust and parametric design.

Currently, the script uses the `involute_gears.scad` library from MCAD for the gear generation itself. I want to keep using that core library since it works great. The way the current script works, it can generate a stepper motor gear (gear1) and a drive gear (gear2), or both for visualization purposes using a `generate` variable. I'd like to get rid of this kind of selection process and have the code generate a gearset as a single unit instead.

Here are the main features and parameters I'd like to control:

*   **Gear Geometry:**
    *   `distance_between_axels`: The center-to-center distance between the two gears.
    *   `gear_h`: The height of the main gear teeth section.
    *   `gear_shaft_h`:  The height of the shaft portion of the gear.
    *   `gear1_teeth`: Number of teeth for the stepper gear (gear1).
    *   `gear2_teeth`: Number of teeth for the drive gear (gear2).

*   **Gear 1 (Stepper Gear) Details:**
    *   `gear1_shaft_d`: Diameter of the motor shaft it attaches to.
    *   `gear1_setscrew_offset`: How far from the motor face the setscrew is positioned along the shaft.
    *   `gear1_setscrew_d`: Diameter of the setscrew hole.
    *   `gear1_captive_nut_d`: Diameter of the captive nut hole for the setscrew.
    *   `gear1_captive_nut_h`: Height of the captive nut hole.

*   **Gear 2 (Drive Gear) Details:**
    *   `gear2_shaft_d`: Diameter of the main drive shaft hole.
    *   `gear2_shaft_outer_d`: Outer diameter of the shaft part of gear2.
    *   `gear2_bolt_hex_d`: Diameter of the hex bolt head that fits into the gear.
    *    `gear2_bolt_sink`: The depth the bolt is sunk into the gear.
    *   `bridge_helper_h`: Height of the bridge helper for the bolt head hole, to help bridging in printing.
    *   `gear2_rim_margin`: Margin between the teeth and the gear's outer diameter.
    *   `gear2_cut_circles`: Number of circles cut into the rim (for visual effect and material reduction)
     *  `gear2_setscrew_d`: Diameter of the (optional) setscrew hole for Gear 2.
     *  `gear2_setscrew_offset`: How far from the motor face the setscrew is positioned along the shaft.
      *  `gear2_captive_nut_d`: Diameter of the (optional) setscrew's captive nut hole.
       *  `gear2_captive_nut_h`: Height of the (optional) setscrew's captive nut hole.

*   **Tolerances:**
    *   I use `AT`, `ST`, and `TT` for additive, subtractive, and tolerance, respectively. I'd like these to be configurable as top-level variables rather than constants.

Here's what I'd like in the improved version:

1.  **Single Function:** I would like one main function or module that generates the entire gearset at once, rather than separating the gears like the current `generate` variable.
2.  **Parametric Everything:**  Every dimension should be derived from input parameters. I'd like to be able to change any of the variables above.
3.  **Clear Calculation:**  The code should clearly calculate the pitch diameters of the gears so that I can easily determine the size of the gears based on tooth count and desired axle spacing. Currently these calculations are hidden in another function.
4.  **Cleaned-Up Geometry:**  I'm not happy with the way the bridge helper is done for the bolt head hole. I feel like there is an easier or cleaner way to do it.
5.  **Flexibility:** The second gear's set screw is not commonly used so I'd like to be able to optionally add that to the design without it always being generated.
6. **No more globals:** I'd like to not rely on global variables and pass things into functions.

I'm looking for a new script that's much more robust, modular, and easy to modify while still providing the same functionality. Can you help me generate this improved OpenSCAD script? Let me know if any of this doesn't make sense, or if you need any additional clarification before starting.

[Assistant]
ParametricHerringboneGears.scad:
```
// OpenSCAD Herringbone Wade's Gears Script
// (c) 2011, Christopher "ScribbleJ" Jansen
//
// Thanks to Greg Frost for his great "Involute Gears" script.
//
// Licensed under the BSD license.
include <MCAD/involute_gears.scad>

// WHAT TO GENERATE?
generate = 0;    // GENERATE BOTH GEARS FOR VIEWING
// generate = 1;    // GENERATE STEPPER GEAR FOR PRINTING
// generate = 2;    // GENERATE DRIVE GEAR FOR PRINTING

// OPTIONS COMMON TO BOTH GEARS:
distance_between_axels = 60;
gear_h = 15;
gear_shaft_h = 15;

// GEAR1 (SMALLER GEAR, STEPPER GEAR) OPTIONS:
// It's helpful to choose prime numbers for the gear teeth.
gear1_teeth = 13;
gear1_shaft_d = 5.25;  			// diameter of motor shaft
gear1_shaft_r  = gear1_shaft_d/2;
// gear1 shaft assumed to fill entire gear.
// gear1 attaches by means of a captive nut and bolt (or actual setscrew)
gear1_setscrew_offset = 5;			// Distance from motor on motor shaft.
gear1_setscrew_d         = 3.5;
gear1_setscrew_r          = gear1_setscrew_d/2;
gear1_captive_nut_d = 6.2;
gear1_captive_nut_r  = gear1_captive_nut_d/2;
gear1_captive_nut_h = 3;

// GEAR2 (LARGER GEAR, DRIVE SHAFT GEAR) OPTIONS:
gear2_teeth = 51;
gear2_shaft_d = 8.5;
gear2_shaft_r  = gear2_shaft_d/2;
// gear2 has settable outer shaft diameter.
gear2_shaft_outer_d = 21;
gear2_shaft_outer_r  = gear2_shaft_outer_d/2;

// gear2 has a hex bolt set in it, is either a hobbed bolt or has the nifty hobbed gear from MBI on it.
gear2_bolt_hex_d       = 15;
gear2_bolt_hex_r        = gear2_bolt_hex_d/2;
// gear2_bolt_sink: How far down the gear shaft the bolt head sits; measured as distance from drive end of gear.
gear2_bolt_sink          = 15;
// gear2's shaft is a bridge above the hex bolt shaft; this creates 1/3bridge_helper_h sized steps at top of shaft to help bridging.  (so bridge_helper_h/3 should be > layer height to have any effect)
bridge_helper_h=3;

gear2_rim_margin = 0;
gear2_cut_circles  = 5;

// gear2 setscrew option; not likely needed.
gear2_setscrew_offset = 0;
gear2_setscrew_d         = 0;
gear2_setscrew_r          = gear2_setscrew_d/2;
// captive nut for the setscrew
gear2_captive_nut_d = 0;
gear2_captive_nut_r  = gear2_captive_nut_d/2;
gear2_captive_nut_h = 0;

// Tolerances for geometry connections.
AT=0.02;
ST=AT*2;
TT=AT/2;

module bridge_helper()
{
	difference()
	{
		translate([0,0,-bridge_helper_h/2])
		cylinder(r=gear2_bolt_hex_r+TT, h=bridge_helper_h+TT,$fn=6,center=true);
		translate([0,0,-bridge_helper_h/2])
		cube([gear2_bolt_hex_d+ST, gear2_shaft_d, bridge_helper_h+AT], center=true);
	}
}

module gearsbyteethanddistance(t1=13,t2=51, d=60, teethtwist=1, which=1)
{
	cp = 360*d/(t1+t2);

	g1twist = 360 * teethtwist / t1;
	g2twist = 360 * teethtwist / t2;

	g1p_d  =  t1 * cp / 180;
	g2p_d  =  t2 * cp / 180;
	g1p_r   = g1p_d/2;
	g2p_r   = g2p_d/2;

	echo(str("Your small ", t1, "-toothed gear will be ", g1p_d, "mm across (plus 1 gear tooth size) (PR=", g1p_r,")"));
	echo(str("Your large ", t2, "-toothed gear will be ", g2p_d, "mm across (plus 1 gear tooth size) (PR=", g2p_r,")"));
	echo(str("Your minimum drive bolt length (to end of gear) is: ", gear2_bolt_sink+bridge_helper_h, "mm and your max is: ", gear_h+gear_shaft_h, "mm."));
	echo(str("Your gear mount axles should be ", d,"mm (", g1p_r+g2p_r,"mm calculated) from each other."));
	if(which == 1)
	{
		// GEAR 1
		difference()
		{
		union()
		{
			translate([0,0,(gear_h/2) - TT])
				gear(	twist = g1twist,
					number_of_teeth=t1,
					circular_pitch=cp,
					gear_thickness = gear_shaft_h + (gear_h/2)+AT,
					rim_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					rim_width = 0,
					hub_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					hub_width = 0,
					bore_diameter=0);

			translate([0,0,(gear_h/2) + AT])
			rotate([180,0,0])
				gear(	twist = -g1twist,
					number_of_teeth=t1,
					circular_pitch=cp,
					gear_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					rim_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					hub_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					bore_diameter=0);
		}
			//DIFFERENCE:
			//shafthole
			translate([0,0,-TT])
				cylinder(r=gear1_shaft_r, h=gear_h+gear_shaft_h+ST);

			//setscrew shaft
			translate([0,0,gear_h+gear_shaft_h-gear1_setscrew_offset])
				rotate([0,90,0])
				cylinder(r=gear1_setscrew_r, h=g1p_r);

			//setscrew captive nut
			translate([(g1p_r)/2, 0, gear_h+gear_shaft_h-gear1_captive_nut_r-gear1_setscrew_offset])
				translate([0,0,(gear1_captive_nut_r+gear1_setscrew_offset)/2])
					#cube([gear1_captive_nut_h, gear1_captive_nut_d, gear1_captive_nut_r+gear1_setscrew_offset+ST],center=true);

		}
	}
	else
	{
		// GEAR 2
		difference()
		{
		union()
		{
			translate([0,0,(gear_h/2) - TT])
				gear(	twist = -g2twist,
					number_of_teeth=t2,
					circular_pitch=cp,
					gear_thickness = gear_shaft_h + (gear_h/2)+AT,
					rim_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					rim_width = gear2_rim_margin,
					hub_diameter = gear2_shaft_outer_d,
					hub_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					bore_diameter=0,
					circles = gear2_cut_circles);

			translate([0,0,(gear_h/2) + AT])
			rotate([180,0,0])
				gear(	twist = g2twist,
					number_of_teeth=t2,
					circular_pitch=cp,
					gear_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					rim_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					rim_width = gear2_rim_margin,
					hub_diameter = gear2_shaft_outer_d,
					hub_thickness = (gear_h/2)+AT,
					bore_diameter=0,
					circles = gear2_cut_circles);
		}
			//DIFFERENCE:
			//shafthole
			translate([0,0,-TT])
				cylinder(r=gear2_shaft_r, h=gear_h+gear_shaft_h+ST);

			//setscrew shaft
			translate([0,0,gear_h+gear_shaft_h-gear2_setscrew_offset])
				rotate([0,90,0])
				cylinder(r=gear2_setscrew_r, h=gear2_shaft_outer_d);

			//setscrew captive nut
			translate([(gear2_shaft_outer_d)/2, 0, gear_h+gear_shaft_h-gear2_captive_nut_r-gear2_setscrew_offset])
				translate([0,0,(gear2_captive_nut_r+gear2_setscrew_offset)/2])
					#cube([gear2_captive_nut_h, gear2_captive_nut_d, gear2_captive_nut_r+gear2_setscrew_offset+ST],center=true);

			//trim shaft
			difference()
			{
				translate([0,0,gear_h+AT])	cylinder(h=gear_shaft_h+ST, r=g2p_r);
				translate([0,0,gear_h])	cylinder(h=gear_shaft_h, r=gear2_shaft_outer_r);
			}

			//hex bolt shaft
			translate([0,0,-TT]) cylinder(r=gear2_bolt_hex_r, h=gear_h+gear_shaft_h-gear2_bolt_sink+AT,$fn=6);

		}

		// hex bolt shaft bridge aid.
		translate([0,0,gear_h+gear_shaft_h-gear2_bolt_sink])
			bridge_helper();
		translate([0,0,gear_h+gear_shaft_h-gear2_bolt_sink+bridge_helper_h/3])
			rotate([0,0,60]) bridge_helper();
		translate([0,0,gear_h+gear_shaft_h-gear2_bolt_sink+((bridge_helper_h/3)*2)])
			rotate([0,0,-60]) bridge_helper();

	}

}

t1 = gear1_teeth;
t2 = gear2_teeth;
cp = 360*distance_between_axels/(t1+t2);
g1p_d  =  t1 * cp / 180;
g2p_d  =  t2 * cp / 180;
g1p_r   = g1p_d/2;
g2p_r   = g2p_d/2;

if(generate == 1)
{
	gearsbyteethanddistance(t1 = gear1_teeth, t2=gear2_teeth, d=distance_between_axels, which=1);
}
else if(generate == 2)
{
	gearsbyteethanddistance(t1 = gear1_teeth, t2=gear2_teeth, d=distance_between_axels, which=2);
}
else
{

	translate([-g1p_r,0,0]) rotate([0,0,($t*360/gear1_teeth)]) gearsbyteethanddistance(t1 = gear1_teeth, t2=gear2_teeth, d=distance_between_axels, which=1);
	translate([g2p_r,0,0])  rotate([0,0,($t*360/gear2_teeth)*-1]) gearsbyteethanddistance(t1 = gear1_teeth, t2=gear2_teeth, d=distance_between_axels, which=2);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I have this OpenSCAD design for a keystone jack mount, meant to hold a standard RJ-45 jack that clips into wall plates. I'd like to make it more parametric and flexible.

Right now, the design is pretty rigid with hardcoded dimensions. Here's a breakdown of what I'd like to be able to control:

**Core Dimensions & Parameters:**

*   **`jack_length` & `jack_width`**: These define the physical size of the RJ-45 jack itself. I'd like to be able to easily adjust these since there might be slight variations in different jacks.
*   **`wall_height`**: The height of the main mounting structure.
*   **`wall_thickness`**: The thickness of the walls of the mount.
*  **`catch_overhang`**: The amount that the clip catch protrudes from the main body.

**Clip Parameters:**

*   **`small_clip_depth`**: How far the small clip extends from the main body.
*   **`big_clip_depth`**: How far the big clip extends from the main body.
*   **`big_clip_clearance`**: Vertical space between the bottom of the mount and the top of the big clip.
*   **`small_clip_clearance`**: Vertical space between the bottom of the mount and the top of the small clip.

**Overall Mount Dimensions:**

*   **`outer_length` & `outer_width`**: These are derived, but I'd like the code to calculate them automatically based on the other parameters.

**Key Features and their intended behavior:**

*   **Keystone Mount**: The primary functionality is to hold the RJ-45 keystone jack securely.
*   **Clip Catches**: These are what actually hold the jack in place. I would like them to remain angled as they are in the provided example.
*   **Clearances**: The clearances are important to ensure the jack fits and clips in correctly.

**Desired Changes:**

1.  **Parametric Design:** I want all of the dimensions mentioned above to be configurable as parameters at the top of the file.
2.  **Automatic Calculations:** The `outer_length` and `outer_width` calculations should remain, but use the parametric variables. I would like to be able to specify just the jack dimensions and the wall, clip and catch dimensions to control the entire shape.
3.  **Module:** The core logic is currently wrapped in a module named `keystone()`. This should be maintained to make it easy to use in other designs.
4.  **Clearance Calculation:** Specifically I would like the clearance values to be calculated as an offset from a single `clip_clearance` value using a second value (e.g. `small_clip_offset`)

**Important:**

*   I need to be able to adjust all of the parameters to fit different RJ-45 jacks and mounting requirements. The current design is a good starting point, but too rigid.
*   I do not need to import any external libraries, although I do use `linear_extrude` to create the catches
*   The current code makes use of `difference()`, `union()`, `translate()`, `rotate()`, `linear_extrude()`, and `polygon()` primitives. These should all still be supported in the parametric design.
*   I would also like the catches to be moved out of the `keystone` module itself as their own standalone module that can be reused elsewhere, and which is parameterized by `catch_overhang` and `wall_thickness` as well as the width of the feature they are attached to.

Could you provide an updated OpenSCAD file that achieves these requirements?

[Assistant]
keystone.scad:
```
jack_length =16.5;
jack_width = 15;

wall_height = 10;
wall_thickness = 4;

catch_overhang = 2;

small_clip_depth = catch_overhang;
big_clip_depth = catch_overhang + 2;
big_clip_clearance = 4;
small_clip_clearance = 6.5;

outer_length = jack_length + small_clip_depth + big_clip_depth +
                            (wall_thickness * 2);
outer_width = jack_width + (wall_thickness * 2);

module clip_catch() {
  rotate([90, 0, 0]) {
    linear_extrude(height = outer_width) {
      polygon(points = [[0,0],
                                       [catch_overhang,0],
                                       [wall_thickness,catch_overhang],
                                       [0,catch_overhang]],
                      paths = [[0,1,2,3]]);
    }
  }
}

module keystone() {
union() {

difference() {
  difference() {
    cube([outer_length, outer_width, wall_height]);
   translate([wall_thickness, wall_thickness, big_clip_clearance]) {
      cube([outer_length, jack_width, wall_height]);
    }
  }
  translate([wall_thickness + small_clip_depth, wall_thickness, 0]){
    cube([jack_length, jack_width, wall_height + 1]);
  }
}

cube([wall_thickness, outer_width, wall_height]);

cube([wall_thickness + small_clip_depth,
           outer_width, small_clip_clearance]);

translate([2, 23, 8]) {
  clip_catch();
}

translate([26.5,0,0]) {
  cube([4, 23, 10]);
}

translate([28.5, 0, 8]) {
  rotate([0, 0, -180]) {
    clip_catch();
  }
}

}
}

keystone();
```


[User]
Okay, I'm trying to design a gear train for a project, and I've found this great script, `spur_generator.scad`, that helps calculate the circular pitch needed for two gears to mesh at a specific center-to-center distance. It's based on the `parametric_involute_gear_v5.0.scad` library, which I have already.

The existing script (`spur_generator.scad`) has a few limitations though, and I'd like to make a more flexible and useful module. Specifically, I want to make it fully parametric. I want to specify the desired number of teeth for the two gears, the spacing between the axles, the gear thickness, rim thickness, hub thickness, and the number of circles for the internal structure of the gear. Also, I need to be able to specify the rim width.

The existing script hardcodes the gear parameters like gear thickness, rim thickness, and hub thickness in the `example_gears()` module. I want a new module where I can define these as parameters. Also, I would like the module to automatically output two gears, positioned correctly for meshing based on the spacing and number of teeth and outputting an error if the spacing does not allow for the desired number of teeth to mesh.

So, could you help me create a new OpenSCAD module that:

1.  **Imports and Uses:** Utilizes the `parametric_involute_gear_v5.0.scad` library.
2.  **Module Definition:** Has a module named `meshing_spur_gears` that accepts the following parameters:
    *   `teeth1`: The number of teeth for the first gear (integer).
    *   `teeth2`: The number of teeth for the second gear (integer).
    *   `spacing`: The desired center-to-center distance between the two gears (numeric).
    *   `gear_thickness`: The thickness of the gears (numeric).
    *   `rim_thickness`: The thickness of the gear rims (numeric).
    *   `hub_thickness`: The thickness of the gear hubs (numeric).
    *   `circles`: The number of circles used in the gear construction (integer).
	*	`rim_width`: The width of the rim (numeric)
3. **Circular Pitch Calculation:** Uses the same formula that is in `spur_generator.scad` to compute the correct circular pitch based on `teeth1`, `teeth2`, and `spacing`. This is the `fit_spur_gears` function within the example code provided.
4.  **Error Handling:** Includes an error message or warning if the computed circular pitch is not valid (e.g. resulting in a negative number or a divide by zero) because the desired spacing can't accommodate the chosen number of teeth. This error should occur within the `meshing_spur_gears` module.
5.  **Gear Generation:** Creates two gear objects using the `gear()` module from the `parametric_involute_gear_v5.0.scad` library.
6.  **Gear Positioning:** Correctly positions the two gear objects so they mesh, based on the center to center distance calculated by the formula in the provided code.
7.  **Parameter Forwarding:** Correctly applies the  `gear_thickness`, `rim_thickness`, `hub_thickness`, `circles`, and `rim_width` parameters to the generated gear objects.

I want to be able to call this module like this:

```openscad
include <parametric_involute_gear_v5.0.scad>

meshing_spur_gears(
  teeth1 = 19,
  teeth2 = 7,
  spacing = 50,
  gear_thickness = 12,
  rim_thickness = 15,
  hub_thickness = 17,
  circles = 8,
  rim_width = 2
);
```

I'd also like an example call to the `meshing_spur_gears` function with different parameters to show how it can be used.

Essentially, I want the core functionality of `spur_generator.scad` but in a modular and customizable form that can handle its own errors.

[Assistant]
spur_generator.scad:
```
// Copyright 2011 Cliff L. Biffle.
// This file is licensed Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0.
// http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

// You can get this file from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3575
use <parametric_involute_gear_v5.0.scad>

// Couple handy arithmetic shortcuts
function sqr(n) = pow(n, 2);
function cube(n) = pow(n, 3);

// This was derived as follows:
// In Greg Frost's original script, the outer radius of a spur
// gear can be computed as...
function gear_outer_radius(number_of_teeth, circular_pitch) =
	(sqr(number_of_teeth) * sqr(circular_pitch) + 64800)
		/ (360 * number_of_teeth * circular_pitch);

// We can fit gears to the spacing by working it backwards.
//  spacing = gear_outer_radius(teeth1, cp)
//          + gear_outer_radius(teeth2, cp);
//
// I plugged this into an algebra system, assuming that spacing,
// teeth1, and teeth2 are given.  By solving for circular pitch,
// we get this terrifying equation:
function fit_spur_gears(n1, n2, spacing) =
	(180 * spacing * n1 * n2  +  180
		* sqrt(-(2*n1*cube(n2)-(sqr(spacing)-4)*sqr(n1)*sqr(n2)+2*cube(n1)*n2)))
	/ (n1*sqr(n2) + sqr(n1)*n2);

// Here's an example.
module example_gears() {
	n1 = 19; n2 = 7;
	p = fit_spur_gears(n1, n2, 50);
	// Simple Test:
	gear (circular_pitch=p,
		gear_thickness = 12,
		rim_thickness = 15,
		hub_thickness = 17,
	    number_of_teeth = n1,
		circles=8);

	translate([gear_outer_radius(n1, p) + gear_outer_radius(n2, p),0,0])
	gear (circular_pitch=p,
		gear_thickness = 12,
		rim_thickness = 15,
		hub_thickness = 17,
		circles=8,
		number_of_teeth = n2,
		rim_width = 2);
}
example_gears();
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking for help designing a parametric knob in OpenSCAD. I've been using a couple of fixed-size versions, and I think it's time to make something more flexible.

Basically, I need a knurled knob that will fit around a nut, like a wingnut and washer combined. This is for attaching cameras to DIY mounts, so it needs to be sturdy and easy to grip. I've been using some of the ones I found online, but they're hardcoded for just 1/4" and 3/8" screws and I want one that I can modify for other sizes.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm looking for:

*   **Parametric Design:** I need to be able to change things like the overall knob radius, the height, the number of knurls (the dents), the radius of the dents, the offset of the dents from the main body, and the nut size (both the hole for the bolt/screw and the space for the nut to sit).
*   **Knurled Grip:** The knob should have a knurled edge for easy gripping. It is currently accomplished by using cylinders that protrude out of the side of the main cylinder. I'm open to other methods if there's a better way.
*   **Nut Accommodation:** The knob should have a hexagonal recess at its base to hold a standard nut, and an appropriately sized hole that goes all the way through for the bolt/screw.
*   **Core Features** I need the ability to adjust the radius and height of the main cylindrical body.
*   **User-Friendly:** The code should be well-commented and easy to understand. I’m not an expert in coding, but I can understand basic OpenSCAD structures.
*   **MCAD Library:** If it's possible, I'd love to leverage functions from the MCAD library for things like defining standard nuts and bolts (e.g., using `metric_bolt()` for the nut recess, if that's efficient).

Basically, I want a single scad file that will generate the same shape as I have used before, but with parameters. The code I've been using (provided below) might be helpful to look at when designing a parametric approach.

Here are the values used in my previous 1/4" knob design:

```
knob_radius = 16;
dent_radius = 5;
knob_height = 6.73;
num_dents = 6;
dent_offset = 2;
nut_hole_radius = 3.175; // half of 1/4 inch in millimeters
nut_size_radius = 6.2; // point to point size of nut
```

And here are the values for the 3/8" version:

```
knob_radius = 19.05;
dent_radius = 5;
knob_height = 9.29;
num_dents = 6;
dent_offset = 2;
nut_hole_radius = 4.8; // half of 1/4 inch in millimeters
nut_size_radius = 8.255; // point to point size of nut
```

So, can you help me generate an OpenSCAD file with these features?

[Assistant]
knob_one_quarter_inch.scad:
```
/*

Parametric knob generator
by Gian Pablo Villamil
May 2011

Makes knurled knobs that accomodate a nut in the middle, useful for things
like camera mounts.

*/

knob_radius = 16;
dent_radius = 5;
knob_height = 6.73;
num_dents = 6;
dent_offset = 2;

nut_hole_radius = 3.175; // half of 1/4 inch in millimeters
nut_size_radius = 6.2; // point to point size of nut

module knob()
{
	translate([0, 0, 0]) {
		difference() {
		cylinder(h = knob_height, r = knob_radius);
		for (i = [0:(num_dents - 1)]) {
			translate([sin(360*i/num_dents)*(knob_radius+dent_offset), cos(360*i/num_dents)*(knob_radius+dent_offset), -5 ])
			cylinder(h = knob_height+10, r=dent_radius);
			}
		translate([0,0,-5]) cylinder(h = knob_height+10, r=nut_hole_radius,$fa=10);
		translate([0,0,1.2]) cylinder(h = knob_height+10, r=nut_size_radius,$fa=60);
		}
	}
}

knob();

```
knob_three-eighths_inch.scad:
```
/*

Parametric knob generator
by Gian Pablo Villamil
May 2011

Makes knurled knobs that accomodate a nut in the middle, useful for things
like camera mounts.

version for 3/8 inch nut

*/

knob_radius = 19.05;
dent_radius = 5;
knob_height = 9.29;
num_dents = 6;
dent_offset = 2;

nut_hole_radius = 4.8; // half of 1/4 inch in millimeters
nut_size_radius = 8.255; // point to point size of nut

module knob()
{
	translate([0, 0, 0]) {
		difference() {
		cylinder(h = knob_height, r = knob_radius);
		for (i = [0:(num_dents - 1)]) {
			translate([sin(360*i/num_dents)*(knob_radius+dent_offset), cos(360*i/num_dents)*(knob_radius+dent_offset), -5 ])
			cylinder(h = knob_height+10, r=dent_radius);
			}
		translate([0,0,-5]) cylinder(h = knob_height+10, r=nut_hole_radius,$fa=10);
		translate([0,0,1.2]) cylinder(h = knob_height+10, r=nut_size_radius,$fa=60);
		}
	}
}

knob();

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a more robust and flexible Braille generator in OpenSCAD. I have two existing versions (braille.scad and brailleV2.scad), but they have some significant limitations.

Here’s what I’m trying to achieve:

**Core Functionality:**

*   **Convert English Text to Braille:** The core function is to take English text input and output the corresponding braille representation.
*   **Grade 1 Braille:** I want to stick with Grade 1 (letter-by-letter) transcription for simplicity.
*   **Parametric Design:**  The design needs to be fully parametric, allowing me to control things like dot size, character spacing, line spacing, overall text area, and the thickness of the base slab.
*   **Extensible Character Set:** I need support for a wider range of characters, including upper and lower case letters (with proper braille representation), numbers (using the appropriate prefix), and common punctuation (like commas, semicolons, colons, periods, question marks, exclamation points, parentheses, quotation marks, asterisks, apostrophes, and hyphens), and the number sign. The existing files just use lower case, but I don't want to be restricted by that.

**Specific Improvements Over Existing Designs:**

1.  **Automatic Line Breaking:** Instead of manually defining line breaks in the text array, I want the design to automatically wrap text based on a specified line length or width. I recognize that OpenSCAD may not be ideal for text manipulation but we need to try.
2.  **Proper Uppercase Handling:** Currently, uppercase letters are treated as lowercase which is incorrect for Braille. We need uppercase characters to use the "uppercase" prefix.
3. **Number Handling**: Similar to uppercase, we need to handle numbers with the appropriate number prefix.
4. **More Flexible Dot Generation:** While both versions use spheres or cylinders, I would like to be able to select the dot style with a parameter (e.g., `dotShape = "sphere"` or `dotShape = "cylinder"`).
5.  **Dynamic Slab Sizing:** The base slab should automatically resize to fit the generated Braille text (with some padding), instead of having to manually set the dimensions.
6.  **Easy Customization:** I'd like to be able to set parameters to control not only dot size, but also dot height, and dot spacing (both horizontal and vertical spacing of cells) independently.
7.  **Use of Libraries:** If there are useful OpenSCAD libraries (e.g., MCAD) that could assist in this design, please use them.

**Desired Parameters:**

*   `dotRadius`: Radius of each Braille dot.
*   `dotHeight`: Height of each Braille dot.
*   `dotShape`: Either "sphere" or "cylinder" for the dot shape
*   `charWidth`: Horizontal spacing between Braille characters (cells).
*   `charHeight`: Vertical spacing between braille characters (cells)
*   `lineHeight`: Vertical spacing between lines of text.
*   `slabThickness`: Thickness of the base slab.
*   `slabPadding`: Padding around the braille text on the slab.
*   `text`: Input text string (that is, not an array).
*   `lineWidth`: Max width of a line of text in mm, used for automatic line wrapping.

**Output:**

*   The output should be a 3D printable model where the braille dots are raised above a flat slab.

**Example Use Case:**

I should be able to pass in a long string like this:

`text = "This is a test sentence with some uppercase Letters, some numbers like 123 and some Punctuation!  Can it handle all of this?"`

and it should generate the correct braille, wrapped to the defined line length, and display it on the slab.

I'm happy to clarify anything or provide more details if needed. I expect a complete `.scad` file as the result. Thanks!

[Assistant]
braille.scad:
```
//testText = ["Feature me", "Thingiverse"];
testText = ["All human beings are born", "free and equal in dignity and", "rights. They are endowed with", "reason and conscience and", "should act towards one another", "in a spirit of brotherhood."];

dotRadius = 0.5;
charWidth = 3.5;
resolution = 10;
lineHeight = 12;
totalHeight = length(testText)*lineHeight;
//slabX = 50;
slabX = 110;
slabY = totalHeight;

module drawDot(location, dotRadius = 0.5, resolution = 10) {
	translate(location) {
		difference() {
			sphere(dotRadius, $fn = resolution);
			translate([0, 0, -dotRadius])
				cube(dotRadius*2, true);
		}
	}
}

module drawCharacter(charMap, dotRadius = 0.5, resolution = 10) {
	for(i = [0: length(charMap)-1]) {
		drawDot([floor((charMap[i]-1)/3)*dotRadius*3, -(charMap[i]-1)%3*dotRadius*3, 0]);
	}
}

charKeys = ["a", "A", "b", "B", "c", "C", "d", "D", "e", "E", "f", "F", "g", "G", "h", "H", "i", "I", "j", "J", "k", "K", "l", "L", "m", "M", "n", "N", "o", "O", "p", "P", "q", "Q", "r", "R", "s", "S", "t", "T", "u", "U", "v", "V", "w", "W", "x", "X", "y", "Y", "z", "Z", ",", ";", ":", ".", "!", "(", ")", "?", "\"", "*", "'", "-"];
charValues = [[1], [1], [1, 2], [1, 2], [1, 4], [1, 4], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 5], [1, 5], [1, 5], [1, 2, 4], [1, 2, 4], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 2, 5], [1, 2, 5], [2, 4], [2, 4], [2, 4, 5], [2, 4, 5], [1, 3], [1, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 4], [1, 3, 4], [1, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 5], [1, 3, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 5], [1, 2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 6], [1, 3, 6], [1, 2, 3, 6], [1, 2, 3, 6], [2, 4, 5, 6], [2, 4, 5, 6], [1, 3, 4, 6], [1, 3, 4, 6], [1, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5, 6], [2], [2, 3], [2, 5], [2, 5, 6], [2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 3, 6], [2, 3, 6], [3, 5], [3], [3, 6]];

module drawText(text, dotRadius = 0.5, charWidth = 3.5, resolution = 10) {
	for(i = [0: length(text)-1]) {
		translate([charWidth*i, 0, 0]) {
			for(j = [0:length(charKeys)]) {
				if(charKeys[j] == text[i]) {
					drawCharacter(charValues[j], dotRadius = 0.5, resolution = 10);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

translate([0, lineHeight/3, 0])
	cube([slabX, slabY, 1], true);
translate([0, 0, 1]) {
	for(i = [0: length(testText)]) {
		translate([-length(testText[i])*charWidth/2, totalHeight/2-lineHeight*i, 0])
			drawText(testText[i], dotRadius = dotRadius, charWidth = charWidth, resolution = resolution);
	}
}
```
brailleV2.scad:
```
//testText = ["Feature me", "Thingiverse"];
testText = [
	"All human beings are",
	"born free and equal",
	"in dignity and",
	"rights. They are",
	"endowed with reason",
	"and conscience and",
	"should act towards",
	"one another in a",
	"spirit of",
	"brotherhood."
];

dotHeight = 0.5;
dotRadius = 1;
charWidth = 7;
resolution = 10;
lineHeight = 12;
totalHeight = len(testText)*lineHeight;
//slabX = 50;
slabX = 150;
slabY = totalHeight;

module drawDot(location, dotHeight = 0.5, dotRadius = 0.5, resolution = 10) {
	translate(location) {
		difference() {
			cylinder(h=dotHeight, r=dotRadius, $fn = resolution);
		}
	}
}

module drawCharacter(charMap, dotHeight = 0.5, dotRadius = 0.5, resolution = 10) {
	for(i = [0: len(charMap)-1]) {
		drawDot([floor((charMap[i]-1)/3)*dotHeight*3*dotRadius*2, -(charMap[i]-1)%3*dotHeight*3*dotRadius*2, 0], dotHeight, dotRadius, resolution);
	}
}

charKeys = ["a", "A", "b", "B", "c", "C", "d", "D", "e", "E", "f", "F", "g", "G", "h", "H", "i", "I", "j", "J", "k", "K", "l", "L", "m", "M", "n", "N", "o", "O", "p", "P", "q", "Q", "r", "R", "s", "S", "t", "T", "u", "U", "v", "V", "w", "W", "x", "X", "y", "Y", "z", "Z", ",", ";", ":", ".", "!", "(", ")", "?", "\"", "*", "'", "-"];
charValues = [[1], [1], [1, 2], [1, 2], [1, 4], [1, 4], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 5], [1, 5], [1, 5], [1, 2, 4], [1, 2, 4], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 2, 5], [1, 2, 5], [2, 4], [2, 4], [2, 4, 5], [2, 4, 5], [1, 3], [1, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 4], [1, 3, 4], [1, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 5], [1, 3, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 5], [1, 2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 6], [1, 3, 6], [1, 2, 3, 6], [1, 2, 3, 6], [2, 4, 5, 6], [2, 4, 5, 6], [1, 3, 4, 6], [1, 3, 4, 6], [1, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5, 6], [2], [2, 3], [2, 5], [2, 5, 6], [2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 3, 6], [2, 3, 6], [3, 5], [3], [3, 6]];

module drawText(text, dotHeight = 0.5, dotRadius = 0.5, charWidth = 3.5, resolution = 10) {
	for(i = [0: len(text)-1]) {
		translate([charWidth*i, 0, 0]) {
			for(j = [0:len(charKeys)]) {
				if(charKeys[j] == text[i]) {
					drawCharacter(charValues[j], dotHeight, dotRadius, resolution);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

translate([0, lineHeight/3, 0]) {
	cube([slabX, slabY, 1], true);
}
translate([0, 0, 0.499]) {
	for(i = [0: len(testText)]) {
		translate([-len(testText[i])*charWidth/2, totalHeight/2-lineHeight*i, 0])
			drawText(testText[i], dotHeight = dotHeight, dotRadius = dotRadius, charWidth = charWidth, resolution = resolution);
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I need a parametric OpenSCAD file for a chair foot, kind of like the one I already made but more flexible. I have a chair with tube legs and one of the plastic feet broke. I was able to model a replacement, but I want to make it easier to adjust for different chairs and leg sizes.

Here's what I need:

*   **Parametric Design:** The design should be driven by parameters that can be easily changed.
*   **Base Foot:**
    *   **Bottom Diameter (foot\_DB):**  The diameter of the bottom of the foot.
    *   **Outer Diameter (foot\_DO):** The outer diameter of the main cylindrical body that contacts the floor.
    *   **Inner Diameter (foot\_DI):** The inner diameter of the cylindrical part where the chair leg tube fits in.
    *   **Foot Height (foot\_H):**  The overall height of the foot.
    *   **Bottom Thickness (foot\_T):** The thickness of the base plate of the foot.
*   **Leg Socket:** The leg socket part of the foot should have a tapered shape to ensure a snug fit.
    *  The taper should transition from the outer diameter to the inner diameter over a specified taper height, which should be a function of the input parameters.
*   **Clearance:**  There needs to be some extra space between the leg socket and the inner diameter of the base to make it easy to insert the leg.
*   **Construction:**
    *   The foot should have a base plate on the floor side.
    *   The main cylinder (foot\_DO) should be on top of the base plate and should be hollow to be a "socket" for the chair leg.
    *    The transition between the base plate and main cylinder should have a rounded shape to be smooth.
*   **Easy to Modify:** The code should be straightforward to understand and easy to modify if needed.
*   **No external Libraries:** It is important that there are no external library dependencies, I want to be able to run this in OpenSCAD standalone without any additional libraries.

I'd like the design to be based on the attached OpenSCAD file I wrote. Basically, I want the same shape, but I want it to be fully parametric, easy to change and more polished.

Essentially, I need a general-purpose parametric chair foot that I can easily adjust to fit different tubular chair legs. Can you help me create an OpenSCAD file that does this?

[Assistant]
ChairFoot.scad:
```
//-----------------------------------------------------------
//	Oli's Foot for his Chair
//
//	Copyright © 2011 by Robert H. Morrison
//-----------------------------------------------------------

$fn=100;

foot_H=16;		//  Height of the foot
foot_DB=51;		//  Diameter of the foot BOTTOM
foot_DO=47;		//  Diameter of the foot OUTER
foot_DI=43;		//  Diameter of the foot INNER
foot_T=3;		//  Thickness of the foot BOTTOM

W = foot_DB + foot_T;
SH = (foot_DB-foot_DO)/2;

union() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 100)
				translate([foot_DB/2 - foot_T, 0, 0])
					circle(r=foot_T);

			translate([0,0, -foot_T])
				cylinder(h=foot_T, r=foot_DB/2 - 3);
		}

		color([1,0,0])
			translate([-W,-W,0])
				cube(W*2, false);
	}

	difference() {
		color([0,0,1])
			cylinder(h=foot_H, r=foot_DO/2);
		color([0,1,0])
			cylinder(h=foot_H+1, r=foot_DI/2);

		translate([0,0,foot_H-SH]) color([1,0,0,0.5])
			difference() {
					cylinder(h=SH, r1=foot_DB/2+ foot_T, r2=foot_DO/2);
					cylinder(h=SH + 1, r1=foot_DO/2, r2=foot_DI/2);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a bee nesting block, and I've found an old OpenSCAD file that's a good starting point. It creates a multi-unit structure with cylindrical or hexagonal cells. I'd like to make a parametric version of this that's a bit more robust and easier to customize.

Here's what I'd like the design to include:

*   **Cell Shape:** The user should be able to choose between circular and hexagonal cells.
*   **Cell Dimensions:**
    *   The *inner diameter* of the cells should be a customizable parameter.
    *   The *wall thickness* of the cells should be a customizable parameter.
    *   The *height* of the cells (depth of the tunnels) should be a customizable parameter.
*   **Grid Layout:**
    *   The number of *rows* should be customizable.
    *   The number of *columns* should be customizable.
    *  The spacing between cells should be automatically adjusted based on the cell shape, inner diameter, and wall thickness to ensure no overlap. It should also properly stagger the rows when using hexagons to create a more efficient layout.
*   **Advanced Options (Optional):**
    *   A parameter to adjust the spacing between cells, as well as the amount of stagger in each row.
    * A parameter to control the amount of rotation for the hexagons.
*   **Construction:**
    *   The entire structure should be created as a single unioned object. This ensures it can be printed as a single piece.
    *   The script should avoid the "off-by-one" errors with rows and columns, like the original design suffered.
    * I would prefer it be done in a way that avoids manifoldness issues, to simplify 3D printing.
*   **Comments/Documentation:**
    *   The code should be clearly commented, following the style of the original, using  `@brief`, `@details`, `@author`, `@version`, `@date`, `@todo`, `@warning`, `@note`, and `@attention` tags for clarity.

I'd like to make use of OpenSCAD, and I do not want to use external libraries.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that implements these requirements?

[Assistant]
2013_03_19-Bumbled_Bee_Colony_v0.4.scad:
```
 /*!
@brief A Nest for Bees
@details This OpenSCAD script will generate a simple multi unit Bpartment to hold your Bees

@author Mark Gaffney
@version 0.4
@date 2013-03-19

@todo
Fill with Bees!

@warning
Bees should not be disturbed willy nilly!

@note
Changes from previous versions:
0.4
 - renamed some varaibles to make more easy to use with "MakerBot's Thingiverse Customizer"
 - fixed some alignment issues with hexagons
 - fixed off by 1 error for rows and columns
 - fixed some manifoldness issues with cutouts
0.3
 - fixed up some translates to properly account for the chosen wall thickness
 - added option to make hexagons...but it's not very pretty
0.2
 - added union command so all the cells are joined as one solid piece
0.1
 - First implementation

@attention
Copyright (c) 2013 Tyndall National Institute.
All rights reserved.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without written agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies of this software.

IN NO EVENT SHALL TYNDALL NATIONAL INSTITUTE BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF TYNDALL NATIONAL INSTITUTE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

TYNDALL NATIONAL INSTITUTE SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND TYNDALL NATIONAL INSTITUTE HAS NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
*/

//**************User*Variables*****************
//these values are all in millimetres... of course! Change them to suit your printer and bee population!

/* [Bpartment Size and Shape] */
// Height: How long a tunnel does your bee like?
height=40;//[20:100]
//Inner Diameter: How wide is your bee?
inner_d=9;// [5:40]
// Wall Thickness: How thin a wall call your printer produce?
wall_t=2;//[0.1:5]
// Row Count: How many floors in this Bpartment?
rows=2;//[1:10]
// Column Count: How many Bpartments per floor?
columns=4;//[1:10]
//Hexagons or Circles: What shape is each Bpartment?
use_hexagons=1;//[0:circle, 1:hexagon]
//If hexagons appear not to mesh nicely try using this
fix=0;//[0:1]

//*********************Calls*******************
/* [Hidden] */
a_bit=0.1;
$fn=6*use_hexagons;//if using circles get 0 which causes OpenSCAD to use the default value instead

union(){

translate(v=[wall_t+(inner_d/2),wall_t+(inner_d/2),height/2]){
	for (i=[0:columns-1]){
		translate (v=[i*(inner_d+(wall_t/2)) -(wall_t/2)*i*use_hexagons,(i%2)*((wall_t+inner_d)/2 -use_hexagons*0.0*wall_t ),0]){
			for (j=[0:rows-1]){
				translate (v=[0,j*(inner_d+wall_t)-j*use_hexagons*0.8*wall_t,0]){
					difference(){
						rotate(a=30*use_hexagons*fix, v=[0,0,1]) cylinder(h=height, r=(inner_d/2)+wall_t+wall_t*use_hexagons*0.15, center=true);
						rotate(a=30*use_hexagons*fix, v=[0,0,1]) cylinder(h=height+2*a_bit, r=(inner_d/2), center=true);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

}
```