[User]
I'm looking to create a 3D model of a tesseract, or hypercube, using OpenSCAD, but I need it to be fully parametric so I can adjust the size and thickness easily. I’ve seen designs that use a kind of "skeleton" approach, where the tesseract is represented by connected lines or bars with spheres at the joints, which is the style I'd like.

Specifically, I'd like to be able to control:

1.  **Overall Size:** The overall length of one side of the outer cube. This would affect the entire structure's scale. Let's call this parameter `sideLength`.
2.  **Post Radius:** The radius of the spheres at each vertex (corner) of the tesseract. I'll need to be able to set this. Let's call it `postR`.
3. **Inside Cube Length:** This will control how far from the outside cube the inner cube is. Let’s call this `insideLength_`.

Essentially, I’d want a way to visualize both an outer and an inner cube connected in the 4D-ish tesseract way. The connections between the vertices are also important, using the `hull()` function. I want all the connections between both the inner and outer cube and between each cube's vertices.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for me? I'm not using any special libraries or anything right now, so I'd prefer to stick to the basic OpenSCAD functionality.

[Assistant]
tesseract_v2.scad:
```
// Resolution
$fn=30;
// Side Length
sideLength=40;
// Post Radius
postR=2;
// Inside Cube Length
insideLength_=20;

module hidden(){}
insideLength=insideLength_-postR-postR;
il=sideLength/2;
os=il-insideLength/2;

//bottom
module Corner1a(){
    translate([postR,postR,postR]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner2a(){
    translate([sideLength-postR,postR,postR]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner3a(){
    translate([sideLength-postR,sideLength-postR,postR]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner4a(){
    translate([postR,sideLength-postR,postR]) sphere(postR);
}
//top
module Corner5a(){
    translate([postR,postR,sideLength-postR]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner6a(){
    translate([sideLength-postR,postR,sideLength-postR]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner7a(){
    translate([sideLength-postR,sideLength-postR,sideLength-postR]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner8a(){
    translate([postR,sideLength-postR,sideLength-postR]) sphere(postR);
}

// INSIDE //

//bottom
module Corner1b(){
    translate([os,os,os]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner2b(){
    translate([os+insideLength,os,os]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner3b(){
    translate([os+insideLength,os+insideLength,os]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner4b(){
    translate([os,os+insideLength,os]) sphere(postR);
}

//top
module Corner5b(){
    translate([os,os,os+insideLength]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner6b(){
    translate([os+insideLength,os,os+insideLength]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner7b(){
    translate([os+insideLength,os+insideLength,os+insideLength]) sphere(postR);
}

module Corner8b(){
    translate([os,os+insideLength,os+insideLength]) sphere(postR);
}

//--Outside--//
//bottom
hull(){
    Corner1a();
    Corner2a();
}

hull(){
    Corner2a();
    Corner3a();
}

hull(){
    Corner3a();
    Corner4a();
}

hull(){
    Corner4a();
    Corner1a();
}
//top
hull(){
    Corner5a();
    Corner6a();
}

hull(){
    Corner6a();
    Corner7a();
}

hull(){
    Corner7a();
    Corner8a();
}

hull(){
    Corner8a();
    Corner5a();
}
//sides
hull(){
    Corner1a();
    Corner5a();
}

hull(){
    Corner2a();
    Corner6a();
}

hull(){
    Corner3a();
    Corner7a();
}

hull(){
    Corner4a();
    Corner8a();
}
//--Inside--//
//bottom
hull(){
    Corner1b();
    Corner2b();
}

hull(){
    Corner2b();
    Corner3b();
}

hull(){
    Corner3b();
    Corner4b();
}

hull(){
    Corner4b();
    Corner1b();
}

//top
hull(){
    Corner5b();
    Corner6b();
}

hull(){
    Corner6b();
    Corner7b();
}

hull(){
    Corner7b();
    Corner8b();
}

hull(){
    Corner8b();
    Corner5b();
}
//sides
hull(){
    Corner1b();
    Corner5b();
}

hull(){
    Corner2b();
    Corner6b();
}

hull(){
    Corner3b();
    Corner7b();
}

hull(){
    Corner4b();
    Corner8b();
}

//connectors
hull(){
    Corner1a();
    Corner1b();
}

hull(){
    Corner2a();
    Corner2b();
}

hull(){
    Corner3a();
    Corner3b();
}

hull(){
    Corner4a();
    Corner4b();
}

hull(){
    Corner5a();
    Corner5b();
}

hull(){
    Corner6a();
    Corner6b();
}

hull(){
    Corner7a();
    Corner7b();
}

hull(){
    Corner8a();
    Corner8b();
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create some custom holders for my Twilight Imperium game tiles, and I need some help with the OpenSCAD design. I've got a pretty good idea of what I want, and I even found a project on Thingiverse that's close to what I need, so I can use that as a reference.

Basically, I need a holder for hexagonal game tiles. I need to be able to specify the diameter of the hexagon (point to point), the internal height (how tall the stack of tiles will be), the thickness of the walls, base, and cover, whether or not to use a minimalistic design, and whether to add some reinforced support struts for taller holders. Perforations are important too, and I need to control the percentage of the cut-out and if I should include any text. Also I need the option to turn off printing the base for faster testing. I’d also like the option to either print just a holder, just a cover, or a holder with a cover.

For the cover, I need to ensure it fits with a little bit of extra space (the original code uses radius * 0.35), and I’d like to add some optional accents, like stars, planets, or a border. I'd like the accents to be easily customizable too.

I know it’s a fair bit, but I believe it can be done parametrically, as demonstrated in the original code I was using.  I'd like all dimensions to be in millimeters.  I’m thinking I can use a `linear_extrude` for text and accents and `cylinder` for the main body.  The original code also used a `polygon` for creating the stars, which I'm fine with.

Can you help me create this?

[Assistant]
Ti_Tile_holders.scad:
```
//================================================
// Twilight Imperium Map Hex holders by mhendricks
// v1.3
//================================================
// All sizes are mm.
/*  Based on: Parametric tile holder for boardgame tiles
    By: satanin
    URL: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2762883
*/

/* Notes:
    See the "Control text and customization" section
    to choose see the settings used to create the
    example .stl files.
*/

// preview[view:south east, tilt:top]

/* [General] */
// Create the holder or cover
part="both"; //[both, cover, holder]
// Add pre-defined accents
accent="None";//[None,Stars,Planets,Border]
// Text displayed in perferation
display_text="TI";
// Height of the tiles this will contain
internalHeight=33;//[1:200]
// Hexagonal Tile Diameter (point to point) Ti3=114, Ti4=118
diameter=114;//[1:200]

/* [Structure] */
// Wall, base and cover thickness
wall=3;//[1:5]
// use minimalistic structure for holder (fewer vertical sides)
minimalistic="no";//[yes,no]
// Add more support to holder uprights for taller holders.
use_reinforced_structure="no";//[yes,no]
// use perforations?
use_perforation="yes";//[yes,no]
// Perforation percentage
perforation_percentage=60;//[1:86]
// For quicker prints when testing the holder walls set to no. If set to no, just the walls are printed
create_base="yes";//[yes,no]
// Set to no if you don't want the cover cutout or cover
use_cover="yes"; //[yes,no]

/*[Text]*/
// Display text in perforation
use_text="yes";//[yes,no]
// Change the font. See the Help menu -> Font List dialog for values. Default: "Liberation Sans:style=Regular"
font = "";
// The size passed to text
text_size=14;//[1:50]

//===============================================
//       Control text and customization
//===============================================
/* internalHeight is the total thickness of the stack of tiles
    contained by the holder and cover. I would recommend adding
    1 mm to the measured value. These values are including all
    the tiles from all 3 expansions.
    I chose to use a single holder for planets so I'm using
    use_reinforced_structure just for that one.
*/

//Comment out all of the lines other than the one you want to print.

// Ti3 Holders
//display_text="Homes"; internalHeight=44; accent="Border";
//display_text="Planets"; internalHeight=89; use_reinforced_structure="yes"; accent="Planets";
//display_text="Space"; internalHeight=33; accent="Stars";
//display_text="Special"; internalHeight=33; accent="Border";
//use_text="no"; internalHeight=33; // No customization

// Ti4 Holders
//diameter=118; // The hexes are larger in 4th edition
//display_text="Homes"; internalHeight=36; accent="Border";
//display_text="Planets"; internalHeight=33; accent="Planets";
//display_text="Space"; internalHeight=23; accent="Stars";
//===============================================
/* [Hidden] */

sides=6;
spacer=1;
radius=diameter/2;

just_the_cover = part=="cover";

// internalHeight is the total space being contained vertically
$height=internalHeight + (use_cover=="yes" ? wall*2 : wall);

cover_position_spacer=radius*0.35;

$reinforced_structure_z= use_reinforced_structure=="yes" ? diameter/5 : wall;

// https://gist.github.com/coolsa/819a7863115a06df33e77bee8862b866
// points = number of points (minimum 3)
// outer  = radius to outer points
// inner  = radius to inner points
module Star(points, outer, inner) {

	// polar to cartesian: radius/angle to x/y
	function x(r, a) = r * cos(a);
	function y(r, a) = r * sin(a);

	// angular width of each pie slice of the star
	increment = 360/points;

	union() {
		for (p = [0 : points-1]) {

			// outer is outer point p
			// inner is inner point following p
			// next is next outer point following p

			x_outer = x(outer, increment * p);
            y_outer = y(outer, increment * p);
            x_inner = x(inner, (increment * p) + (increment/2));
            y_inner = y(inner, (increment * p) + (increment/2));
            x_next  = x(outer, increment * (p+1));
            y_next  = y(outer, increment * (p+1));

			linear_extrude(height=wall, center=true) {
                polygon(
                    points = [[x_outer, y_outer],
                        [x_inner, y_inner],
                        [x_next, y_next],
                        [0, 0]],
                    paths  = [[0, 1, 2, 3]]
                );
            }
		}
	}
}

module perforation(perforation_percentage){
	perforation_radius = (radius*perforation_percentage)/100;
    cylinder(
        $height,
        perforation_radius,
        perforation_radius,
        center=true,
        $fn=200
    );
}

module perforation_text(bgColor) {
    if(use_text=="yes"){
        color("blue"){
            linear_extrude(wall*0.75){
                text(
                    display_text,
                    text_size,
                    valign="center",
                    halign="center",
                    font=font
                );
            }
        }
        color(bgColor){
            translate([0, 0, wall/4]) cube(size=[
                diameter*perforation_percentage/100,
                text_size*1.75,
                wall/2],
            center=true);
        }
    }
}

module gap (){
	factor=2;
	slot=radius/2;
	rotate([0,0,0], center=true){
		translate([
            -(slot)/2,
            - diameter*(factor/2),
            wall+$reinforced_structure_z
        ]){
			cube([slot,diameter*factor,$height*factor]);
		}
	}

	rotate([0,0,60], center=true){
		translate([
            -(slot)/2,
            - diameter*(factor/2),
            wall+$reinforced_structure_z
        ]){
			cube([slot,diameter*factor,$height*factor]);
		}
	}
	rotate([0,0,120], center=true){
		translate([
            -(slot)/2,
            - diameter*(factor/2),
            wall+$reinforced_structure_z
        ]){
			cube([slot,diameter*factor,$height*factor]);
		}
	}

	if(minimalistic=="yes"){
		rotate([0,0,30], center=true){
			translate([
                -(slot),
                - diameter*(factor/2),
                wall+$reinforced_structure_z
            ]){
				cube([radius,diameter*factor,$height*factor]);
			}
		}
	}
}

module holder() {
	z=wall;
	difference(){
		difference(){
			// Outter holder body
            cylinder($height+0.6,radius+wall,radius+wall,center=false,$fn=sides);
			// Cut out the inside of the holder body
            translate([0,0,z]){
				cylinder($height+100,radius,radius,center=false,$fn=sides);
			}
		}
		gap();
		if(use_perforation=="yes"){
			perforation(perforation_percentage);
		}
        if(create_base=="no"){
            // Remove the base. Useful for quick wall testing.
            translate([0,0,-0.9]) cylinder(z+1, r=radius+wall+1,$fn=sides);
        }
	}
    if(create_base!="no"){
        perforation_text("Green");
    }
}

module cover(){
	// Translation allows both to fit on a 200mm bed
    translate([radius+cover_position_spacer,radius+cover_position_spacer,0]){
		if(use_cover=="yes"){
			spacer=0.1;
            difference() {
                color("red"){
                    difference(){
                        cylinder(
                            wall,
                            (radius+wall-spacer)-(wall/2),
                            (radius+wall-spacer)-(wall/2),
                            center=false,
                            $fn=sides
                        );
                        if(use_perforation=="yes"){
                            perforation(perforation_percentage);
                        }
                    }
                }
                accents(perforation_percentage);
            }
            perforation_text("DarkRed");
		}
	}
}

module cover_(){
	spacer=0.5;
    newRadius = (radius+wall)-(wall/2);
	color("red"){
		translate([0,0,$height-wall]){
            difference(){
                cylinder(wall+0.01, r=newRadius,center=false,$fn=sides);
                if (use_perforation=="yes"){
                    translate([0,0,$height-wall]){
                        cylinder($height,radius/2, radius/2, center=true);
                    }
                }
            }
            translate([0,0,wall]){
                cylinder(1, newRadius, newRadius-1, $fn=sides);
            }
        }
	}
}

module final_holder(){
	if(!just_the_cover){
		if (use_cover=="yes") {
			difference(){
				holder();
				cover_();
                accents(perforation_percentage);
			}
		}else{
            difference() {
                holder();
                accents(perforation_percentage);
            }
		}
	}
}

module accents(perforation_percentage) {
    color("Orange") {
        if (accent=="Planets") {
            base_planet_radius = 5;
            translate([radius-base_planet_radius*2, 0, wall*1.25]) {
                cylinder(
                    wall,
                    r=base_planet_radius,
                    center=true,
                    $fn=200
                );
            }
            translate([
                radius-base_planet_radius*6.25,
                radius-base_planet_radius*5,
                wall*1.25
            ]) {
                cylinder(
                    wall,
                    r=base_planet_radius*2,
                    center=true,
                    $fn=200
                );
            }
            translate([
                -(radius-base_planet_radius*4),
                radius-base_planet_radius*7.75,
                wall*1.25
            ]) {
                cylinder(
                    wall,
                    r=base_planet_radius*1.3,
                    center=true,
                    $fn=200
                );
            }
            translate([
                -(radius-base_planet_radius*8),
                -(radius-base_planet_radius*4),
                wall*1.25
            ]) {
                cylinder(
                    wall,
                    r=base_planet_radius*1.7,
                    center=true,
                    $fn=200
                );
            }
        }
        else if (accent=="Border") {
            name_plate_radius = (radius*(100-perforation_percentage))/100;
            translate([0,0,wall*0.75]) {
                difference() {
                    // Outter ring
                    cylinder(
                        $height,
                        radius-wall,
                        radius-wall,
                        center=false,
                        $fn=sides
                    );
                    cylinder(
                        $height,
                        radius-wall*2,
                        radius-wall*2,
                        center=false,
                        $fn=sides
                    );
                }
                intersection() {
                    // Cutout for the bottom
                    translate([-radius, -radius-wall, 0]) {
                        cube([diameter, name_plate_radius, wall]);
                    }
                    cylinder($height,r=radius-wall,center=false,$fn=sides);

                }
                difference() {
                    // Inner Ring
                    cylinder(
                        $height,
                        radius-wall*3,
                        radius-wall*3,
                        center=false,
                        $fn=sides
                    );
                    cylinder(
                        $height,
                        radius-wall*4,
                        radius-wall*4,
                        center=false,
                        $fn=sides
                    );
                }
            }
        }
        else if (accent=="Stars") {
            base_star_radius = 5;
            scale([-1,-1,1]) {
                translate([radius-base_star_radius*2, 0, wall*1.25]) {
                    Star(4,base_star_radius,1);
                }
                translate([
                    radius-base_star_radius*6,
                    radius-base_star_radius*5,
                   wall*1.25
                ]) {
                    Star(4,base_star_radius*.75,1.5);
                }
                translate([
                    -(radius-base_star_radius*4),
                   radius-base_star_radius*7,
                    wall*1.25
                ]) {
                    Star(4,base_star_radius*1.2,1);
                }
                translate([
                    -(radius-base_star_radius*7),
                    -(radius-base_star_radius*4),
                    wall*1.25
                ]) {
                    Star(4,base_star_radius*2,1);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

if (part=="cover"){
    // Remove built in cover translation
    translate([
        -radius-cover_position_spacer,
        -radius-cover_position_spacer,
        0
    ]){
        cover();
    }
}else{
    if (part=="both" || part=="holder") {
        final_holder();
    }
    if (part=="both" || part=="cover") {
        cover();
    }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a custom, articulated object from an SVG file, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD. I've seen examples of this where the SVG gets extruded and then segmented with hinges to make it flexible, and I'm hoping you can help me generate that. I have some specific requirements for the hinges and the segmentation process.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

1.  **SVG Import & Extrusion:** The design should start by importing an SVG file. The user will specify the filename. This SVG will then be extruded to a specified height.
2.  **Scaling:** The design must allow scaling of the extruded SVG, both larger and smaller. There should be separate parameters for scaling up (`stretch`) and scaling down (`squish`), to avoid unintended inversions or strange values. If `stretch` is greater than 1, the design should scale by `stretch`, otherwise if `squish` is greater than 1, then it should scale by `1/squish`, and finally default to a scale of 1 otherwise.
3.  **Rotation:** I want to be able to rotate the entire extruded SVG along the Z-axis by a specified number of degrees.
4.  **Segmentation:** The extruded SVG needs to be segmented along the X-axis. The user should be able to control the distance between these separations, the x-coordinate of the leftmost separation and the x-coordinate of the rightmost separation. The separations themselves should be thin cuboids.
5.  **Hinges:** At each separation location, I'd like a hinge mechanism to be created. The hinge should have a rotating part and a bracket part that attaches to each segment. I would like to set the y-coordinate of the hinge center along the x-axis using a quadratic formula: y = ax^2 + bx + c. I want to be able to specify `a`, `b`, and `c` as parameters. I'd like the hinge to be based on a cylindrical pin rotating inside a circular cutout with fillets.
6. **Hinge Dimensions** The hinge must have parameterized dimensions including hinge_hole_x, hinge_hole_y, hinge_rotor_radius_xz, hinge_rotor_distance_x, hinge_hole_radius_xz, hinge_bracket_x, hinge_bracket_y, hinge_fillet_radius_xz.

Essentially, I need a parametric model where an SVG is extruded, scaled, rotated, segmented, and then hinged according to these parameters. The parameters should be controllable through the OpenSCAD customizer. I am not using or familiar with any OpenSCAD libraries, so everything should be self-contained.

[Assistant]
Custom_Articulated_Anything.scad:
```
/*
    Custom Articulated Anything

    Create an articulated "thing" to be 3D printed

    Sentamugo7 2018

    License: CC-NC (Non commercial)

*/
// name of .svg file
filename=".svg";

// height
height=8; // [1:20]

// smaller (if too large)
squish = 1; // [1:0.1:30]

// larger (if too small)
stretch = 1; // [1:0.1:30]

// rotate (degrees)
rotate=0; // [-180:180]

// distance between separations (x axis)
separation_distance = 12; // [7:0.5:18]

// leftmost separation (x axis)
leftmost_separation = -150; // [-150:0.5:0]

// rightmost separation (x axis)
rightmost_separation = 150; // [0:0.5:150]

// hinge offset a from center for y=ax^2+bx+c (y axis)
hinge_offset_a = 0; // [-0.02:0.002:0.02]

// hinge offset b from center for y=ax^2+bx+c (y axis)
hinge_offset_b = 0; // [-1:0.05:1]

// hinge offset c from center for y=ax^2+bx+c (y axis)
hinge_offset_c = 0; // [-30:0.5:30]

/* [Hidden] */

MAX_DISTANCE = 300;
FILLET_DELTA = 0.001;
DELTA = 0.1;
// width of separation
SEPARATION_WIDTH = 1;

hinge_hole_x = 5;
hinge_hole_y = 4;
hinge_rotor_radius_xz = 1.0;
hinge_rotor_distance_x = 0.2;
hinge_hole_radius_xz = 1.5;
hinge_bracket_x = 4.7;
hinge_bracket_y = 2.5;
hinge_fillet_radius_xz = 1;

scale = (stretch > 1) ? stretch : (squish > 1) ? 1/squish : 1;

module caa() {
    rotate([0,0,rotate])
    linear_extrude(height=height)
    scale(scale)
    import(filename);
}

// create fillet
module Fillet(radius,xSign,ySign) {
    translate([-xSign*FILLET_DELTA,-ySign*FILLET_DELTA,0])
    offset(r=-(radius-FILLET_DELTA),$fn = 90)
    offset(delta=(radius-FILLET_DELTA),$fn = 90)
    polygon([[0,0],[xSign*radius,0],[xSign*radius,ySign*FILLET_DELTA],[xSign*FILLET_DELTA,ySign*FILLET_DELTA],[xSign*FILLET_DELTA,ySign*radius],[0,ySign*radius]],[[0,1,2,3,4,5,0]]);
}

function hinge_offset(x) =
    hinge_offset_a*x*x+hinge_offset_b*x+hinge_offset_c;

module separation(x) {
    direction = (x < 0 ? -1 : +1);
    union() {
        // separation along y axis
        cube([SEPARATION_WIDTH,MAX_DISTANCE,MAX_DISTANCE],center=true);
        // hole for hinge
        translate([direction * (SEPARATION_WIDTH + hinge_hole_x) / 2.0,hinge_offset(x),height/2])
        cube([hinge_hole_x,hinge_hole_y,height + DELTA],center=true);
    }
}

module hinge(x) {
    direction = (x < 0 ? -1 : +1);
    union() {
        // spin piece
        translate([direction * (hinge_rotor_distance_x + hinge_rotor_radius_xz + SEPARATION_WIDTH / 2.0),0,height/2.0])
        rotate([90,0,0])
        cylinder(h = (hinge_hole_y + DELTA), r1 = hinge_rotor_radius_xz, r2 = hinge_rotor_radius_xz, $fn=90, center = true);
        // spin hole
        difference() {
            // base
            translate([direction * (hinge_bracket_x - SEPARATION_WIDTH) / 2.0,0,height/2.0])
            cube([hinge_bracket_x,hinge_bracket_y,height],center=true);
            union() {
                // hole
                translate([direction * (hinge_rotor_distance_x + hinge_rotor_radius_xz + SEPARATION_WIDTH / 2.0),0,height/2.0])
                rotate([90,0,0])
                cylinder(h = (hinge_hole_y + DELTA), r1 = hinge_hole_radius_xz, r2 = hinge_hole_radius_xz, $fn=90, center = true);
                // top fillet
                translate([direction * (hinge_bracket_x - SEPARATION_WIDTH/2.0),0,height])
                rotate([90,0,0])
                linear_extrude(height = (hinge_hole_y + DELTA), center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
                Fillet(hinge_fillet_radius_xz,-direction,-1);
                // bottom fillet
                translate([direction  * (hinge_bracket_x-SEPARATION_WIDTH/2.0),0,0])
                rotate([90,0,0])
                linear_extrude(height = (hinge_hole_y + DELTA), center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
                Fillet(hinge_fillet_radius_xz,-direction,+1);
            }
        }
    }
}

union() {
    difference() {
        // user image stretched
        caa();
        union() {
            // repeat separations along x axis - reversed if x < 0
            for (x=[leftmost_separation:separation_distance:rightmost_separation])
                translate([x,0,0])
                separation(x);
        }
    };
    intersection() {
        // only hinges in original volume
        caa();
        // repeat hinge along x axis - reversed if x < 0
        for (x=[leftmost_separation:separation_distance:rightmost_separation])
            translate([x,hinge_offset(x),0])
            hinge(x);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'd like to design a parametric snap-fit enclosure for electronics projects using OpenSCAD. I've seen some good examples and have a basic idea of what I need, but I need it to be flexible and easy to customize.

Here's what I'm thinking:

**Core Functionality:**

1.  **Parametric Box:** I need a box with adjustable outer dimensions (x, y, and z). I'd also like to be able to set the corner radius for rounded corners.
2.  **Wall Thickness:** The wall thickness needs to be parametric and should ideally be based on the number of walls and the printer nozzle size. For example, `wall_thickness = nozzle_size * number_of_walls`.
3.  **Snap Fit Mechanism:** The box needs a snap-fit lid (top cover). This should be on all four sides, using hook-like features that interlock. The hooks should be a set thickness based on the nozzle size as well (e.g., `hook_thickness = 3 * nozzle_size`). The top cover will need the equivalent grooves to accommodate the hooks. I will need a tolerance parameter to adjust the fit.
4. **Customizable number of walls** I need to be able to adjust the number of walls in the design, as well as the tolerance
5.  **Separate Parts:** I'd like the design to be broken into modules for the base box and the top cover. Also, I should be able to select to render only the box, only the top cover, or both together.

**Parameters I need to control:**

*   `part` (String, "box", "top", or "both"): To select which part to render.
*   `nozzle_size` (Float, in mm):  The printer's nozzle size.
*   `number_of_walls` (Integer): The number of walls the enclosure should have.
*   `tolerance` (Float, in mm): The tolerance for the snap fit.
*   `x` (Float, in mm): The outer x-dimension of the box.
*   `y` (Float, in mm): The outer y-dimension of the box.
*   `z` (Float, in mm): The outer z-dimension of the box.
*   `radius` (Float, in mm): The radius of the rounded corners.

**Details for the snap-fit:**

* The hooks should extrude on the outside of the box, from the top edge and lock into corresponding grooves on the top.
* I was thinking the hook would be triangular, with a 45 degree angle on the corner to improve stiffness.
* Please keep the design simple so it is easily editable later.

I think that covers everything. Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for this design?

[Assistant]
enclosure_snap.scad:
```

// Which one would you like to see?
part = "both"; // [box:Box only, top: Top cover only, both: Box and top cover]

// Size of your printer's nozzle in mm
nozzle_size = 0.4;

// Number of walls the print should have
number_of_walls = 2; // [1:5]

// Tolerance (use 0.2 for FDM)
tolerance = 0.2; // [0.1:0.1:0.4]

// Outer x dimension in mm
x=40;

// Outer y dimension in mm
y=30;

// Outer z dimension in mm
z=20;

// Radius for rounded corners in mm
radius=5; // [1:20]

/* Hidden */
$fn=100;
wall_thickness=nozzle_size*number_of_walls;
hook_thickness = 3*nozzle_size;

top_cover_wall_thickness = hook_thickness + wall_thickness;

module bottom_box () {
    difference(){
        // Solid box
        linear_extrude(z-wall_thickness){
            minkowski(){
                square([x-radius*2,y-radius*2], center=true);
                circle(radius, center=true);
            }
        }

        // Hollow out
        translate([0,0,wall_thickness]) linear_extrude(z){
            minkowski(){
                square([x-radius*2-wall_thickness*2+wall_thickness*2,y-radius*2-wall_thickness*2+wall_thickness*2], center=true);
                circle(radius-wall_thickness);
            }
        }
    }
    left_hook(); // left hook
    rotate([180,180,0]) left_hook(); // right hook
    front_hook(); // front hook
    rotate([180,180,0]) front_hook(); // back hook
    // TODO: hooks on the other two sides
}

module left_hook () {
    translate([(x-2*wall_thickness)/2,-y/2+radius*2,z-wall_thickness]) rotate([0,90,90]) linear_extrude(y-2*radius*2){
    polygon(points=[[0,0],[2*hook_thickness,0],[hook_thickness,hook_thickness]], center=true);
    }
}

module front_hook () {
    translate([(-x+4*radius)/2,-y/2+wall_thickness,z-wall_thickness]) rotate([90,90,90]) linear_extrude(x-2*radius*2){
    polygon(points=[[0,0],[2*hook_thickness,0],[hook_thickness,hook_thickness]], center=true);
    }
}

module right_grove () {
    translate([-tolerance/2+(x-2*wall_thickness)/2,-y/2+radius,wall_thickness+hook_thickness*2]) rotate([0,90,90]) linear_extrude(y-2*radius){
    polygon(points=[[0,0],[2*hook_thickness,0],[hook_thickness,hook_thickness]], center=true);
    }
}

module front_grove () {
    translate([(-x+2*radius)/2,-y/2+wall_thickness+tolerance/2,wall_thickness+hook_thickness*2]) rotate([90,90,90]) linear_extrude(x-2*radius){
    polygon(points=[[0,0],[2*hook_thickness,0],[hook_thickness,hook_thickness]], center=true);
    }
}

module top_cover () {

    // Top face
    linear_extrude(wall_thickness){
        minkowski(){
            square([x-radius*2,y-radius*2], center=true);
            circle(radius, center=true);
        }
    }

    difference(){
        // Wall of top cover
        linear_extrude(wall_thickness+hook_thickness*2){
            minkowski(){
                square([x-radius*2-wall_thickness*2-tolerance+wall_thickness*2,y-radius*2-wall_thickness*2-tolerance+wall_thickness*2], center=true);
                circle(radius-wall_thickness, center=true);
            }
        }

        // Hollow out
        // TODO: If radius is very small, still hollow out

        translate([0,0,wall_thickness]) linear_extrude(z){
            minkowski(){
                square([x-radius*2-wall_thickness*2-2*top_cover_wall_thickness-tolerance+wall_thickness*2+top_cover_wall_thickness*2,y-radius*2-wall_thickness*2-2*top_cover_wall_thickness-tolerance+wall_thickness*2+top_cover_wall_thickness*2], center=true);
            circle(radius-wall_thickness-top_cover_wall_thickness);
            }
        }
    right_grove();
    rotate([180,180,0]) right_grove();
    front_grove();
    rotate([180,180,0])  front_grove();
    }

}

print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "box") {
		bottom_box();
	} else if (part == "top") {
		top_cover();
	} else if (part == "both") {
		both();
	} else {
		both();
	}
}

module both() {
	translate([0,-(y/2+wall_thickness),0]) bottom_box();
    translate([0,+(y/2+wall_thickness),0]) top_cover();
}
```
enclosure_snap.scad:
```

// Which one would you like to see?
part = "both"; // [box:Box only, top: Top cover only, both: Box and top cover]

// Size of your printer's nozzle in mm
nozzle_size = 0.4;

// Number of walls the print should have
number_of_walls = 3; // [1:5]

// Tolerance (use 0.2 for FDM)
tolerance = 0.2; // [0.1:0.1:0.4]

// Outer x dimension in mm
x=52+2*number_of_walls*nozzle_size+2*3*nozzle_size;

// Outer y dimension in mm
y=42+2*number_of_walls*nozzle_size+2*3*nozzle_size;

// Outer z dimension in mm
z=12+2*number_of_walls*nozzle_size+2*3*nozzle_size;

// Radius for rounded corners in mm
radius=4; // [1:20]

/* Hidden */
$fn=100;

wall_thickness=nozzle_size*number_of_walls;
hook_thickness = 3*nozzle_size;

top_cover_wall_thickness = hook_thickness + wall_thickness;

module bottom_box () {
    difference(){
        // Solid box
        linear_extrude(z-wall_thickness){
            minkowski(){
                square([x-radius*2,y-radius*2], center=true);
                circle(radius, center=true);
            }
        }

        // Hollow out
        translate([0,0,wall_thickness]) linear_extrude(z){
            minkowski(){
                square([x-radius*2-wall_thickness*2+wall_thickness*2,y-radius*2-wall_thickness*2+wall_thickness*2], center=true);
                circle(radius-wall_thickness);
            }
        }
    }
    left_hook(); // left hook
    rotate([180,180,0]) left_hook(); // right hook
    front_hook(); // front hook
    rotate([180,180,0]) front_hook(); // back hook
    // TODO: hooks on the other two sides
}

module left_hook () {

    translate([(x-2*wall_thickness)/2,-y/2+radius*2,z-wall_thickness]) rotate([0,90,90]) {
        difference(){
            linear_extrude(y-2*radius*2){
    polygon(points=[[0,0],[2*hook_thickness,0],[hook_thickness,hook_thickness]], center=true);
        }
             translate([hook_thickness, hook_thickness, 0]) rotate([45,0,0]) cube(2*hook_thickness, center=true);
             translate([hook_thickness, hook_thickness, y-2*radius*2]) rotate([45,0,0]) cube(2*hook_thickness, center=true);
        }
    }
}

module front_hook () {
    translate([(-x+4*radius)/2,-y/2+wall_thickness,z-wall_thickness]) rotate([90,90,90]) {
        difference(){
        linear_extrude(x-2*radius*2){
    polygon(points=[[0,0],[2*hook_thickness,0],[hook_thickness,hook_thickness]], center=true);
    }
             translate([hook_thickness, hook_thickness, 0]) rotate([45,0,0]) cube(2*hook_thickness, center=true);
             translate([hook_thickness, hook_thickness, x-2*radius*2]) rotate([45,0,0]) cube(2*hook_thickness, center=true);
        }
    }
}

module right_grove () {
    translate([-tolerance/2+(x-2*wall_thickness)/2,-y/2+radius,wall_thickness+hook_thickness*2]) rotate([0,90,90]) linear_extrude(y-2*radius){
    polygon(points=[[0,0],[2*hook_thickness,0],[hook_thickness,hook_thickness]], center=true);
    }
}

module front_grove () {
    translate([(-x+2*radius)/2,-y/2+wall_thickness+tolerance/2,wall_thickness+hook_thickness*2]) rotate([90,90,90]) linear_extrude(x-2*radius){
    polygon(points=[[0,0],[2*hook_thickness,0],[hook_thickness,hook_thickness]], center=true);
    }
}

module top_cover () {

    // Top face
    linear_extrude(wall_thickness){
        minkowski(){
            square([x-radius*2,y-radius*2], center=true);
            circle(radius, center=true);
        }
    }

    difference(){
        // Wall of top cover
        linear_extrude(wall_thickness+hook_thickness*2){
            minkowski(){
                square([x-radius*2-wall_thickness*2-tolerance+wall_thickness*2,y-radius*2-wall_thickness*2-tolerance+wall_thickness*2], center=true);
                circle(radius-wall_thickness, center=true);
            }
        }

        // Hollow out
        // TODO: If radius is very small, still hollow out

        translate([0,0,wall_thickness]) linear_extrude(z){
            minkowski(){
                square([x-radius*2-wall_thickness*2-2*top_cover_wall_thickness-tolerance+wall_thickness*2+top_cover_wall_thickness*2,y-radius*2-wall_thickness*2-2*top_cover_wall_thickness-tolerance+wall_thickness*2+top_cover_wall_thickness*2], center=true);
            circle(radius-wall_thickness-top_cover_wall_thickness);
            }
        }
    right_grove();
    rotate([180,180,0]) right_grove();
    front_grove();
    rotate([180,180,0])  front_grove();
    }

}

// left_hook();
print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "box") {
		bottom_box();
	} else if (part == "top") {
		top_cover();
	} else if (part == "both") {
		both();
	} else {
		both();
	}
}

module both() {
	translate([0,-(y/2+wall_thickness),0]) bottom_box();
    translate([0,+(y/2+wall_thickness),0]) top_cover();
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a replacement band for a Xiaomi Mi Band 2, and I want it to be fully customizable. I've seen some designs out there, but I'd like to have one generated from scratch so I can really tweak it to my liking. The band needs to be flexible, so it should be designed with a flexible filament in mind.

Here are the main features I'm looking for:

*   **Adjustable Length:** I need to be able to easily change the total length of the band, both from the tip to the watch holder and also to the start of the holes.
*   **Customizable Hole Pattern:** I want to control the number of holes in the band, the spacing between them, and the distance of the first hole from the tip.
*   **Band Dimensions:** I need to control the band's width and thickness, as well as the curvature radius and angle, where it connects to the watch face.
*   **Comfort:**  It needs to be comfortable to wear, so the transition between the watch holder and the band should have a nice, blended curve.
*   **Reuse Original Stud:** I need to design it so I can reuse the original stud from the Mi Band 2.

Specifically, I want to be able to adjust these parameters:

*   `snap_band_length`: Total band length from the tip to the watch holder.
*   `hole_band_length`: Total band length from the tip to the end of the holes.
*   `band_width`:  The width of the band.
*   `band_thickness`: The thickness of the band.
*   `band_radius`: The radius of the curved part of the band near the watch holder.
*   `band_angle`: How many degrees to curve the band.
*   `hole_spacing`: The center-to-center distance between the holes.
*   `hole_count`: Maximum number of holes in the band.
*   `hole_start`: Distance from the tip to the start of the first hole.
*   `holder_blend_length`: The length of the blended area where the band meets the watch holder.

There are some advanced parameters, I guess these can probably be fixed or hardcoded:

*   `hole_diameter`
*   `hole_seat_diameter`
*   `ring_diameter`
*   `ring_inner_width`
*   `ring_inner_length`
*   `watch_holder_thickness`
*   `watch_max_length`
*   `watch_max_width`
*   `watch_max_depth`
*  `watch_face_width`
*  `watch_face_depth`
*   `snap_base_diameter`
*   `snap_base_thickness`
*   `snap_post_diameter`
*   `snap_ring_diameter`
*   `snap_ring_top_height`
*   `snap_ring_depth`

I need to make sure the design uses the MCAD library. Specifically, I need the following files from it:
`constants.scad` and `2Dshapes.scad`. I'd like to keep all the design parameters customizable through the OpenSCAD Customizer.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD file(s) for this?

[Assistant]
MiBand2_Replacement_1.0.scad:
```
/*
LICENSE
-------
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)
<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0> by Green Ellipsis LLC. This
license lets you distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even
commercially, as long as you credit me for the original creation.

Copyright 2018 Green Ellipsis LLC. www.greenellipsis.org

Written by ALittleSlow

Included Libraries
------------------
MCAD libraries (https://github.com/openscad/MCAD):
This library was created by various authors as named in the individual files' comments. All the files except those ThingDoc are licensed under the LGPL 2.1 (see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/LGPL/2.1/ or the included file lgpl-2.1.txt), some of them allow distribution under more permissive terms (as described in the files' comments).

This MiBand2 Replacement is intended to be a close but customizable replacement to the
original Xiomi Mi Band 2 band. Re-use the original stud. Print it with flexible filament.

Features include:
* Customizable band length
* Cusomizable hole pattern in the band.

Version 1.0
------------
* Initial release

Version 0.3
------------
* Allow band to be rotated downward as far as 90 degrees where it attaches to watch.
* Add a radius to the interface between the watch and the band for comfort.

Version 0.2
------------
* Set "watch_face_depth" to 0 and reduced watch_max_depth by 1.7 accordingly, in the MiBand 2 replacement preset.
* Added curvature to the band near the watch holder. Needs more.

To customize your band
-------------------------------
1. Download and extract the .zip file.
2. Install the Development version of OpenSCAD (http://www.openscad.org/downloads.html#snapshots)
3. Enable the Customizer according to https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/WIP#Customizer
4. Open the .scad file
5. Preview it the model (Design-->Preview)
5. Pick your preset or set your customizations in the Customizer tab
6. Render (Design-->Render)
7. Export as an STL file (File-->Export)

Get more Customizer help from DrLex: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2812634.

TO DO
-----
* This the band at the radius tangential to the build plate so that when bent the other way it isn't so thick.
* Create a version that can be printed on its side so it prints with the desired curvature.
*/
//use <GreenEllipsis/convenience.scad>;
include <MCAD/constants.scad>;
use <MCAD/2Dshapes.scad>;

/* [Customize] */
// from the tip to the watch
snap_band_length = 94.70; // [50:0.1:150]
// from the tip to the watch
hole_band_length = 118.00; // [50:0.1:175]
// width of the band
band_width = 15.00; // [5:30]
// thickness of the band
band_thickness = 2.95; // [1.00:0.05:5.00]
// radius of curvature of the band
band_radius = 20; // [5:50]
// how many degrees to curve band
band_angle = 60; // [0:90]
// center-to-center distance between holes
hole_spacing=6.92; // [3.00:0.04:12.00]
// maximum number of holes
hole_count = 9; // [0:20]
// distance from very end of strap to start holes
hole_start = 16.30; // [13:0.1:100]
// how far down strap to make the transition
holder_blend_length=0.4;
/* [Advanced] */
hole_diameter = 2.60;
hole_seat_diameter = 3.10;
ring_diameter = 2.80;
ring_inner_width= 16.82;
ring_inner_length= 7.75;
watch_holder_thickness = 2.00;
watch_max_length=40.20;
watch_max_width=15.80;
watch_max_depth=8.70;
watch_face_width=13.70;
watch_face_depth=0.00;
snap_base_diameter=8.36;
snap_base_thickness=0.90;
snap_post_diameter=1.75;
snap_ring_diameter=2.98;
snap_ring_top_height=1.89;
snap_ring_depth=0.50; //estimated

/* [Rendering ] */
$fs = 0.1;
$fa = 5;
EPSILON=0.01;
debug=true;
/* [Hidden] */
PI=3.1415926;
watch_max_radius=watch_max_width/2; // assume its circular
watch_face_radius=watch_face_width/2;
snap_ring_distance=band_width/2;

curve_y_length = sin(band_angle)*band_radius;
curve_z_height = (1-cos(band_angle))*(band_radius+band_thickness/2);
end_length=band_width/2;
snap_straight_length = snap_band_length - band_radius*GE_radians(band_angle) - end_length;
hole_straight_length = hole_band_length - band_radius*GE_radians(band_angle) - end_length;
if (snap_straight_length<0) echo(str("Error! Can't fit curve in snap band length of ", snap_band_length));
if (hole_straight_length<0) echo(str("Error! Can't fit curve in hole band length of ", hole_band_length));

// convert degrees to radians
function GE_radians(degrees) = TAU*(degrees/360);

module bandProfile() {
	translate([band_width/4,0,0]) complexRoundSquare([band_width/2,band_thickness],rads3=[1,1],rads2=[1,1]);
}

// create a curved strap segment center is on the origin and
module bandCurve(r=band_radius, angle=band_angle) {
		// curved part
	rotate([0,90,0]) translate([-r,0,0])
	rotate_extrude(angle=angle)
		translate([r,0,0]) rotate([0,0,90])
		{
		bandProfile();
		mirror([1,0,0]) bandProfile();
	}
}

//make the side of the band with the snap,
//and position it at the origin
//FIXME translations are wrong
module snapBand() {
	translate([0, curve_y_length, 0]) difference() {
		union() {
			// curved part
			//translate([0, -0, -band_radius+curve_z_height*2]) rotate([0,-90,0]) bandCurve();
			translate([0, 0, 0]) rotate([0,0,180]) bandCurve();
			// straight part
			translate([0, snap_straight_length, 0])
				rotate([90,0,0]) linear_extrude(snap_straight_length) 	{
				bandProfile();
				mirror([1,0,0]) bandProfile();
			}
			// rounded end
			translate([0, snap_straight_length, 0]) rotate_extrude(angle=180)
				bandProfile();
		}
		// through hole for snap
		translate([0, snap_straight_length, 0]) {
			cylinder(d=snap_post_diameter,h=band_thickness*2,center=true);
			// hole for base
			translate([0,0,band_thickness/2-snap_base_thickness+EPSILON]) cylinder(d=snap_base_diameter,h=snap_base_thickness+EPSILON);
			// hole for ring
			translate([0,0,-band_thickness/2-EPSILON]) cylinder(d=snap_ring_diameter,h=snap_ring_depth+EPSILON);
		}
	}

}

// half of the strap loop
module halfRing(ringstraight_length) {
	ringMajorRadius =ring_inner_length/2+ring_diameter/2;
	rotate_extrude(angle=180) translate([ringMajorRadius,0]) circle(d=ring_diameter);
	translate([ringMajorRadius,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(d=ring_diameter,h=ringstraight_length);
}

// strap loop
module ring() {
	ringOuterRadius = ring_inner_length/2 + ring_diameter;
	ringstraight_length = ring_inner_width-ring_inner_length;
	translate([-ringstraight_length/2,ringOuterRadius]) rotate([0,0,90]) halfRing(ringstraight_length);
	translate([+ringstraight_length/2,ringOuterRadius]) rotate([0,0,-90]) halfRing(ringstraight_length);
}

//make the side of the band with the holes,
//and position it at the origin
module holeBand() {
	ringOuterLength=ring_diameter*3/2+ring_inner_length;
	linearLength=hole_band_length-ringOuterLength;
	translate([0, curve_y_length, 0]) {
		// curved part
		rotate([0,0,180]) bandCurve();
		// straight part
		difference() {
			translate([0, hole_straight_length, 0])
				rotate([90,0,0]) linear_extrude(hole_straight_length) 	{
				bandProfile();
				mirror([1,0,0]) bandProfile();
			}
			// through holes
			HoleCount=min(hole_count, floor(hole_straight_length/hole_spacing));
			if (HoleCount < hole_count) echo("Warning! Unable to put holes on the curved part (yet)");
			for(i=[0:HoleCount-1]) {
				translate([0, hole_straight_length-(hole_start+hole_spacing*i-ringOuterLength)]) {
					cylinder(d=hole_diameter,h=band_thickness*2, center=true);
					translate([0,0,-band_thickness/2-EPSILON])
						cylinder(d=hole_seat_diameter,h=snap_ring_depth+EPSILON);
				}
			}
		}
		// ring. Overlap the ring with the band by 1/2 ring diameter
		translate([0, hole_straight_length-ring_diameter/2]) ring();
	}

}

// define holder profile
module watchHolderProfile() {
	WatchHolderRadius = watch_max_radius + watch_holder_thickness;
	ContactAngle=asin((watch_max_depth/2-watch_face_depth)/watch_max_radius);
	intersection () {
		difference() {
			pieSlice(WatchHolderRadius, -85, 85);
			pieSlice(watch_max_radius, -90, 90);
		}
		translate([0,-watch_max_depth/2])
		square([WatchHolderRadius,watch_max_depth]);
	}
	//FIXME There isn't supposed to be a raised lip. Don't know what's wrong with my math
	translate([watch_max_radius*cos(ContactAngle)-(watch_max_radius-watch_face_radius),watch_max_depth/2-watch_face_depth]) square([watch_max_radius-watch_face_radius,watch_face_depth]);
}

//FIXME hull needs to follow curvature
module watchHolderEnd(SideWallLength) {
	difference () {
		hull()
		{
			// extrude the ends
			rotate_extrude(angle=180) watchHolderProfile();
			// extrude a bid of strap

			#translate([0, watch_max_radius-band_thickness/2+holder_blend_length*cos(band_angle), -watch_max_depth/2])
			rotate([90+band_angle,0,180])
				translate([0,watch_holder_thickness,0]) linear_extrude(holder_blend_length)
				scale([1,0.3,1]) {
					bandProfile();
					mirror([1,0,0]) bandProfile();
				}
		}
		// subtract the part of hull() we didn't want
		rotate_extrude(angle=360) pieSlice(watch_max_radius,-90,90);
	}
}

// make the watch holder part,
// and position it at the origin
module watchHolder() {
	SideWallLength=watch_max_length-watch_max_width;
	translate([0,SideWallLength+watch_max_width/2+watch_holder_thickness]) {
		// extrude the side walls
		rotate([90,0,0]) linear_extrude(SideWallLength) 	watchHolderProfile();
		mirror([1,0,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) linear_extrude(SideWallLength) watchHolderProfile();
		watchHolderEnd(SideWallLength);
		translate([0,-SideWallLength,0]) mirror([0,1,0]) watchHolderEnd(SideWallLength);
	}
}
//bandProfile();
//snapBand();
//watchHolderProfile();
//watchHolderEnd();
//ring();
//holeBand();
//bandCurve();

translate([0, -watch_holder_thickness, watch_max_depth/2]) watchHolder();
// overlap the band with the blend area
color("green") translate([0, watch_max_length, -curve_z_height+band_thickness/2]) snapBand();
color("green") translate([0, 0, -curve_z_height+band_thickness/2]) rotate([0,0,180]) holeBand();

```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to design some custom cams for a laser show project, and I need some help creating the OpenSCAD files. I've got a pretty good idea of what I want, but I'm not the best with 3D modeling from scratch, and I'm not completely fluent in all the nitty-gritty parts of OpenSCAD.

Essentially, I want to create two cams that will move a laser pointer along a path I define. I need to be able to specify a 2D path as a series of coordinates, and the cams should then be generated to make the laser follow that path as they rotate. I want to be able to adjust the overall size of the cam, the thickness, the diameter of the laser pointer, and a few other parameters.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

**Core Functionality:**

1.  **Path Input:** I need to be able to define the 2D path. I should be able to enter a list of points for this, like `[[0, 1], [-1, -0.866], [1, -0.866]]`. I'd prefer to define the path as the index into an array of points. Something like `[[0, 1], [-1, -0.866], [1, -0.866]], [[0, 1, 2]]`.

2.  **Cam Generation:** The script should generate two cams, one on the left and one on the right, that will move the laser along the defined path as they rotate. The rotation should be in opposite directions from each other.

3.  **Cam Offsets:** The cams are not centered on the origin. I need to be able to specify a baseline distance between the centers of the cams, and also a nominal radius for the cam. I need the laser pointer to contact the cam about a nominal radius distance away.

4. **Laser Simulation:** I'd like to also have a visual laser pointer object that shows how the laser moves as the cams rotate, which can optionally be hidden.

**Parameters:**

*   `normalized_path`:  The 2D path as a list of lists of floats. The first sub-list is the list of points to use in the path. The second sub-list is the order the points are used in the path (should be integers).
*   `scale_factor`: A scaling factor for the overall size of the cam.
*   `laser_pointer_diameter`: The diameter of the laser pointer at the cam surface.
*   `cam_radius`: Nominal radius of the cams.
*   `cam_baseline`:  The baseline distance between the centers of the cams.
*  `nom_delta`: Nominal distance between interpolated path points.
*   `cam_thickness`: The thickness of the cams.
*   `recess_depth`: The depth of a small recess in the cam for a mounting plate.
*   `a_flange_thickness`: The thickness of the flange on the left cam.
*   `b_flange_thickness`: The thickness of the flange on the right cam.
*   `flange_diameter`: The diameter of the flanges on the cams.
*   `axle_hole_diameter`:  The diameter of the axle holes.
*   `alignment_notch_diameter`: The diameter of the alignment notches.
*   `$fn`: Number of facets for circles.
*   `sim_rotate`: A parameter to simulate the rotation of the cam for an animation. Should be `$t * 360`.

**Modules/Functions:**

I'll need the following functions:
*  `interpolate(pt1, pt2)`: A function that interpolates between two points and creates a series of points between them.
*  `flatten(l)`: A function that flattens a list of lists into a single list.
*  `offset(l, p)`: A function that offsets a list of points by a given vector.

And the following modules:
*   `motion_cam(src_points, position, dir)`: This will create the cam itself. It needs to take the list of points, the center location of the cam, and the direction of rotation (+1 or -1)
*   `laser_pointer(src_points)`: This will create the visual laser pointer object using the cam points and a simulation parameter.
*  `alignment_notch(diameter, thickness)`: Creates the alignment notch for the cam, based on diameter and thickness.

**Output:**

The output should be two cam parts that can be 3D printed. One is on the left with the positive rotation and one on the right with negative rotation, with appropriate flanges, axle holes, and alignment notches. There should be an optional laser pointer that displays its position based on a simulated rotation. I would like an optional part parameter to render the left cam, the right cam, or both along with the laser pointer.

I think I've covered most of it. I'm not sure if there are any established libraries for cam generation or not, but if not, I'm assuming you'll be able to generate all of the code needed. I think this will be a really cool project! Let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
MLS_Cams.scad:
```
// Begin parameters
//preview[view:south, tilt:top]

// Draw a path here.
normalized_path = [[[0, 1], [-1, -0.866], [1, -0.866]],[[0, 1, 2]]]; //[draw_polygon:2x2]

// Modify this to produce large deviation without overly-convex points in the cam.
scale_factor = 5; //[1:25]

// Diameter of laser pointer at cam surface.
laser_pointer_diameter = 12; //[5:30]

// Parts to display.
part = "all"; //[left:Cam A,right:Cam B,all:Cams and Laser]

/* [Hidden] */
// Used in OpenSCAD to simulate cam rotation
sim_rotate = $t * 360;

// Nominal radius of cams
cam_radius = 30;

// Baseline distance between center of cams
cam_baseline = 43.5;

// Nominal distance between path points
nom_delta = 0.05;

// Cam scale parameters
cam_thickness = 2.5;
recess_depth = 0.5;
a_flange_thickness = 5.5;
b_flange_thickness = 1.5;
flange_diameter = 17.5;
axle_hole_diameter = 9;
alignment_notch_diameter = 12.5;

// Circle smoothness
$fn = 100;

// End parameters
// Begin functions / modules

// Divides path into parts no larger than nom_delta
function interpolate(pt1, pt2) = let (
    dist = norm(pt2 - pt1),
    delta = dist / round(dist / nom_delta),
    incr = (pt2 - pt1) / dist
) [ for (j = [0 : delta : dist]) pt1 + j * incr ];

// Flattens a list of lists into a single list
function flatten(l) = [ for (a = l) for (b = a) b ];

// Offsets a list of points by a pair of distances
function offset(l, p) = [ for (i = l) i + p ];

module motion_cam(src_points, position, dir) {
    points = offset(src_points, position);

    // Divide cam into angular increments
    angle_increment = dir * 360 / len(points);
    nom_theta = [ for (i = [0 : len(points) - 1]) i * angle_increment ];

    // Calculate angle and radius to each tangent point
    theta = [ for (i = points) atan2(i[1], i[0]) ];
    radii = [ for (i = points) norm(i) - laser_pointer_diameter / 2 ];

    // Apply angles as offsets to nominal, then deform cam in polar coordinates
    adj_theta = nom_theta + theta;
    cam_points = [ for (i = [0:len(points) - 1])
        [radii[i] * cos(adj_theta[i]), radii[i] * sin(adj_theta[i])]
    ];

    // Extrude cam & features
    difference(){
        linear_extrude(height = cam_thickness) polygon(cam_points);

        translate([0, cam_radius / 2, cam_thickness - recess_depth])
            linear_extrude(height = 1.1 * recess_depth) polygon(src_points);

        translate([0, 0, cam_thickness])
            cube(size = [cam_radius * 3, 2, 2.2 * recess_depth], center=true);
    }
}

module laser_pointer(src_points) {
    // Create lookup table for simulation
    angle_increment = 360 / len(src_points);
    nom_theta = [ for (i = [0 : len(src_points) - 1]) i * angle_increment ];
    lut = [ for (i = [0 : len(nom_theta) - 1]) [nom_theta[i], i] ];

    // Get points via lookup table and interpolate position
    rotate_index = lookup(sim_rotate, lut);
    p1 = points[floor(rotate_index)];
    p2 = points[ceil(rotate_index)];

    translate(concat(p1 + norm(p2 - p1) * (rotate_index - floor(rotate_index)) * (p2 - p1), 0)) {
        color("gray") cylinder(h = 2.1 * cam_thickness, r = laser_pointer_diameter / 2);
        color("red") cylinder(h = 3 * cam_thickness, r = 1);
    }
}

module alignment_notch(diameter, thickness) {
    translate([0, 0, -0.1 * thickness]) difference() {
        cylinder(h = thickness * 1.1, d = diameter);
        translate([-diameter / 2, 0, 0]) cube([diameter, 2 * diameter, 4 * thickness], center = true);
    }
}

// End functions / modules
// Begin final instantiation

// Ensure path is closed curve
path_points = normalized_path[0];
dwg_path = normalized_path[1][0];
path = (dwg_path[0] != dwg_path[len(dwg_path)-1]) ? concat(dwg_path, dwg_path[0]) : dwg_path;

// Interpolate between points, scale, then offset to nominal location
interpolated_points = [ for (i = [0:len(path)-2]) let (
    pt1 = path_points[path[i]],
    pt2 = path_points[path[i+1]]
    ) interpolate(pt1, pt2)
];
points = scale_factor * flatten(interpolated_points);

// Nominal location of laser pointer center on undeformed cam
x0 = cam_baseline / 2;
y0 = sqrt(pow(cam_radius + (laser_pointer_diameter / 2), 2) - pow(x0, 2));

// Draw parts
if (part != "right") color("blue")
    rotate([0, 0, -sim_rotate]) {
        difference() {
            union() {
                motion_cam(points, [x0, y0], 1);
                translate([0, 0, cam_thickness]) cylinder(h = a_flange_thickness, d = flange_diameter);
            }
            cylinder(h = 100, d = axle_hole_diameter, center = true);
            alignment_notch(alignment_notch_diameter, cam_thickness / 2);
        }
    }

if (part != "left") color("green") translate([cam_baseline, 0, 1.6 * cam_thickness])
    rotate([0, 0, sim_rotate]) {
        difference() {
            union() {
                motion_cam(points, [x0 - cam_baseline, y0], -1);
                translate([0, 0, cam_thickness]) cylinder(h = b_flange_thickness, d = flange_diameter);
            }
            cylinder(h = 100, d = axle_hole_diameter, center = true);
            alignment_notch(alignment_notch_diameter, cam_thickness / 2);
        }
    }

if (part == "all") translate([x0, y0, 0]) laser_pointer(points);
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric cable clip that can attach to either a square or circular object, and I need it to be flexible enough to handle various cable and object sizes. I also want to be able to optionally add internal tabs for clipping onto aluminum extrusions and include a side hole for screwing or riveting it down.

Here are the details of what I'm imagining:

**Core Functionality:**

*   **Shape of Attachment:** The clip should have a parameter to switch between a rectangular, circular, or open rectangular opening to fit around the object it's attaching to.
*   **Object Size:**  I need a way to specify the size (either side length for rectangles or diameter for circles) of the object the clip is gripping.
*   **Main Opening Width:** The opening of the clip that wraps around the object needs to be adjustable as a percentage of the object size, allowing for a snug or looser fit.
*   **Cable Diameter:**  I need to specify the diameter of the cable, tube, or hose that the clip will hold.
*   **Cable Opening Width:**  The opening in the loop holding the cable should be adjustable to accommodate various cable thicknesses, perhaps with a bit of clearance for ease of use, but not too loose.
*   **Clip Height:** I need a parameter to define the overall height or thickness of the clip.
*   **Wall Thickness:** A parameter to control the thickness of the clip walls.
*   **Hole for Fasteners:** The ability to include a hole on the side for screws or rivets, along with a size parameter.
*   **Internal Tabs:**  I need an option to add internal tabs, useful for clipping into aluminum extrusions, including parameters for tab depth and width.
*   **Clearance:**  It would be great to have a universal clearance parameter so I can make small adjustments to all openings.

**Specific Parameters (that should be adjustable):**

*   `shape`:  (0: rectangle, 1: circle, 2: open rectangle)
*   `clipSize`: (mm)
*   `mainOpeningWidthPercent`: (0.0 to 1.0)
*   `cableDiameter`: (mm)
*   `cableOpeningWidth`: (mm)
*   `height`: (mm)
*   `thickness`: (mm)
*   `holeDiameter`: (mm, set to 0 for no hole)
*   `internalTabs`: (0: no, 1: yes)
*   `tabDepth`: (mm)
*   `tabWidth`: (mm)
*   `clearance`: (mm)

I think that covers everything! The design should be parametric so that all these values can be easily adjusted.  I don't need any external libraries - this is all simple 2D shapes in extrusions. I think that's enough info, thank you for helping me!

[Assistant]
Parametric_Cable_Clip.scad:
```
// Shape of the object the clip attaches to?
shape=0; // [0:rectangle, 1:circle, 2:open_rectangle]
// Size of the object the clip attaches to (mm)
clipSize = 25.4;
// Relative size of the main opening of the clip
mainOpeningWidthPercent = 0.85;
// Diameter of the cable/tube/hose/round thing going in the other side (mm)
cableDiameter = 10.0;
// Size of opening on cable clip loop (mm) (smallest size opening that cable can fit through) - if unsure, try cableDiameter-1mm for small cables
cableOpeningWidth = 6.0;
// Height/length/thickness of the clip (mm)
height = 13.0;
// Wall thickness of the clip (mm)
thickness = 2;
// Add a hole on the side for screwing or riveting onto things? (mm)
holeDiameter=5;
// Create internal tabs for clipping into aluminum extrusion?
internalTabs=0; // [0:no, 1:yes]
// Depth of tabs for clipping into aluminum extrusion (mm)
tabDepth = 1.0;
// Width of tabs (mm)
tabWidth = 2.5;
// Additional clearance to add to internal openings (mm)
clearance = 0.2;

module rect_base() {
    union() {
        difference() {
            square([clipSize + 2*clearance + 2*thickness, clipSize + 2*clearance + 2*thickness], center=true);
            square([clipSize + 2*clearance, clipSize + 2*clearance], center=true);
            translate([-clipSize/2, 0]) square([clipSize + 2*clearance, mainOpeningWidthPercent * clipSize + 2*clearance], center=true);
        }

        if (internalTabs == 1) {
            translate([0, clipSize/2 + clearance - tabDepth/2]) square([tabWidth, tabDepth], center=true);
            translate([0, -clipSize/2 - clearance + tabDepth/2]) square([tabWidth, tabDepth], center=true);
        }

        translate([clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2, 0]) circle(cableDiameter/2 + clearance + thickness, 50);
        translate([(clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2) - (cableDiameter/2 + thickness)/2, 0]) square([(cableDiameter/2 + thickness), min(cableDiameter, clipSize) + 2*clearance + 2*thickness], center=true);
    }
}

module circle_base() {
    union() {
        difference() {
            union() {
                circle(clipSize/2 + clearance + thickness, 50);
                translate([((cableDiameter/2 + clipSize/2) + thickness)/2, 0]) square([(cableDiameter/2 + clipSize/2) + thickness, min(cableDiameter, clipSize) + 2*clearance + 2*thickness], center=true);
            }
            circle(clipSize/2 + clearance , 50);
            translate([-clipSize/2, 0]) square([clipSize + 2*clearance, mainOpeningWidthPercent * clipSize + 2*clearance], center=true);
        }

        if (internalTabs == 1) {
            translate([0, clipSize/2 + clearance - tabDepth/2]) square([tabWidth, tabDepth], center=true);
            translate([0, -clipSize/2 - clearance + tabDepth/2]) square([tabWidth, tabDepth], center=true);
        }

        translate([clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2, 0]) circle(cableDiameter/2 + clearance + thickness, 50);
    }
}

difference() {
    linear_extrude(height=height) {
        if (shape == 0) {
            difference() {
                rect_base();
                translate([clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2, 0]) circle(cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance, 50);
                if (cableOpeningWidth > 0) {
                    translate([(clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2) + (cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance + thickness)/2, 0]) square([cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance + thickness, cableOpeningWidth + 2*clearance], center=true);
                }
            }
        } else if (shape == 1) {
            difference() {
                circle_base();
                translate([clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2, 0]) circle(cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance, 50);
                if (cableOpeningWidth > 0) {
                    translate([(clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2) + (cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance + thickness)/2, 0]) square([cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance + thickness, cableOpeningWidth + 2*clearance], center=true);
                }
            }
        } else if (shape == 2) {
            difference() {
                rect_base();
                translate([clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2, 0]) circle(cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance, 50);
                if (cableOpeningWidth > 0) {
                    translate([(clipSize/2 + 2*clearance + thickness + cableDiameter/2) - (cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance + thickness)/2, 0]) square([cableDiameter/2 + 2*clearance + thickness, cableOpeningWidth + 2*clearance], center=true);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (holeDiameter > 0) {
        translate([0, (clipSize + 2*clearance + 2*thickness + 2)/2, height/2]) rotate(a=[90, 0, 0]) linear_extrude(height=(clipSize + 2*clearance + 2*thickness + 2)) {
            circle(holeDiameter/2, 50);
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'd like to create a twisting container in OpenSCAD, similar to the one I've been using, but I need your help generating the code. I want the container to have an outer and inner part that twist together, and I'd like to have parameters to control a few things:

First, I need to be able to specify whether I want to generate just the outer part, the inner part, both parts individually, or the assembled container. So I'll need a `type` parameter, that can take string values such as `"outer"`, `"inner"`, `"both"`, or `"assembled"`.

Secondly, I want to have an option to generate the container for vase mode printing, so I need a `vase_mode` option that can be set to `"Yes"` or `"No"`.

Third, I'd like to have an option for a small slide hole at the base of the container, controlled by the `hole` parameter set to `"Yes"` or `"No"`.

I need to be able to control the `height` of the container in mm (between 5 and 600). Also, I need a `twist_angle` parameter, for how much the container twists along its height, for example 50 degrees. The `sides` parameter should define the number of sides of the regular polygon base of the container(2-20). There needs to be a `radius` for the outer part (between 1 and 300 mm), as well as the roundness/smoothness of the edges using a `smoothness_of_edges` parameter(between 0 and 40). The `gap` between the inner and outer parts should be adjustable (between 0.1 and 1 mm). There should also be a `thickness` parameter, to control the wall thickness in mm (around 1mm), and a `quality` parameter for the number of slices used for the twist (between 50 and 1000).

Finally there needs to be a `diameter` parameter to control the diameter of the optional hole, with the value as small as possible.

Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for me to create this design with these parameters? I'd like to see the generated parts in different colors when 'assembled' or 'both' are selected - say, "LawnGreen" for the outer part and "yellow" for the inner part.

I am not including any external libraries so there should be no need for them.

[Assistant]
twist_container.scad:
```
// which object you want to have
type = "assembled";//[outer,inner,both,assembled]

// Do you wantto use vasemode(=solid) or not
vase_mode = "No";//[Yes,No]

//slide hole for easier and faster sliding
hole = "No";

// Height of the container in mm
height = 60; // [5:600]

// twist angle of the container
twist_angle = 50;

// Number of side of the regular polygon
sides = 5; // [2:20]

// outer part radius in mm
radius = 32; // [1:300]

// defines a circle which defines how round the edges are going to be!
smoothness_of_edges = 5; // [0:40]

// Gap between parts in mm
gap = 0.6; //[0.1:1]

// plastic thickness in mm
thickness = 1;

// quality of the gap
quality = 100;//[50:1000]

//hole diameter in mm(keep it as small as possible to slow the sliding process down)
diameter = 2;

base_radius = max(radius - smoothness_of_edges, 1);

module base_out() {
    difference(){
     if (sides > 2) {
	  offset(r = smoothness_of_edges, $fn = 64) circle($fn = sides, r = base_radius);
     } else {
	  hull() {
	       translate([base_radius/2,0,0]) circle(r = smoothness_of_edges);
	       translate([-base_radius/2,0,0]) circle(r = smoothness_of_edges);
	  }
     }
     if (str(hole) == str("Yes")){
         circle(r = diameter);
     }
}
}
module base_out_sub() {
    rotate([0,0,1]){
     if (sides > 2) {
	  offset(r = smoothness_of_edges, $fn = 64) circle($fn = sides, r = base_radius-thickness);
     } else {
	  hull() {
	       translate([(base_radius-thickness*2)/2,0,0]) circle(r = smoothness_of_edges);
	       translate([-(base_radius-thickness*2)/2,0,0]) circle(r = smoothness_of_edges);
	  }
     }
}
}

module base_in() {
     if (sides > 2) {
	  offset(r = smoothness_of_edges, $fn = 64) circle($fn = sides, r = base_radius-gap-thickness);
     } else {
	  hull() {
	       translate([(base_radius-thickness-gap*2)/2,0,0]) circle(r = smoothness_of_edges);
	       translate([-(base_radius-thickness-gap*2)/2,0,0]) circle(r = smoothness_of_edges);
	  }
     }
}
module base_in_sub() {
     if (sides > 2) {
	  offset(r = smoothness_of_edges, $fn = 64) circle($fn = sides, r = base_radius-thickness*2-gap);
     } else {
	  hull() {
	       translate([(base_radius-thickness*4-gap*2)/2,0,0]) circle(r = smoothness_of_edges);
	       translate([-(base_radius-thickness*4-gap*2)/2,0,0]) circle(r = smoothness_of_edges);
	  }
     }
}

if (str(type) == str("outer")){
difference(){
translate([0,0,1]){
color("LawnGreen")linear_extrude(height = height, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_out();
}
if (str(vase_mode) == str("No")){
translate([0,0,0]){
    linear_extrude(height = height-thickness, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_out_sub();
}
}
}
}
if (str(type) == str("inner")){
difference(){
translate([0,0,0]){
color("yellow")linear_extrude(height = height, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_in();
}
if (str(vase_mode) == str("No")){
translate([0,0,1]){
    linear_extrude(height = height-thickness, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_in_sub();
}
}
}
}
if (str(type) == str("assembled")){

difference(){
translate([0,0,0]){
color("yellow")linear_extrude(height = height, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_in();
}

if (str(vase_mode) == str("No")){
translate([0,0,1]){
    linear_extrude(height = height-thickness, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_in_sub();
}
}
}
difference(){
translate([0,0,1]){
color("LawnGreen")linear_extrude(height = height, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_out();
}
if (str(vase_mode) == str("No")){
translate([0,0,0]){
    linear_extrude(height = height-thickness, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_out_sub();
}
}
}
}
if (str(type) == str("both")){

difference(){
translate([0,0,0]){
color("yellow")linear_extrude(height = height, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_in();
}

if (str(vase_mode) == str("No")){
translate([0,0,1]){
    linear_extrude(height = height-thickness, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_in_sub();
}
}
}
rotate([0,180,0]){
translate([0,0,height*-1-thickness]){
difference(){
translate([0,(radius*2),1]){
color("LawnGreen")linear_extrude(height = height, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_out();
}
if (str(vase_mode) == str("No")){
translate([0,(radius*2),0]){
    linear_extrude(height = height-thickness, slices = quality, twist = twist_angle)base_out_sub();
}
}
}
}
}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a functional business card in OpenSCAD. I've got some ideas and some specific features I'd like to include.

First off, the card should be a standard size, so let's make it 86mm wide, 54mm tall, and 1mm thick to start. I want to be able to adjust these dimensions parametrically, of course.

The main functionality I want to build in is a ruler and a protractor.

For the ruler, I want millimeter markings along the top edge of the card. The tick marks should be adjustable in length, say, 2.5mm normally and maybe 5mm for longer ones. Let's make it so every 10mm is a longer mark, but that should be adjustable as well. I'd also like to include the numbers next to the 10mm tick marks, but I want that to only appear if there's enough room. The numbers should be readable, and I want to have an option for a padding value, so those don't get too close to other things.

For the protractor, I'd like it to be a semicircle, sort of centered in the middle of the card. It should have tick marks every 10 degrees, with longer ticks every 20 degrees. Again, let's make the length of those tick marks adjustable. Also, I want to make it so the center is cut out, and the protractor is visible as a sort of ring. I also want the origin of the protractor to be cut out, maybe a small circle there for reference. I also need an inner circle cutout as well to complete the ring shape.

Finally, I need space for my name and contact information. I would like a first and last name, and maybe a website or contact URL. I want the names to be in the center of the protractor cut out space, and the contact info at the top of the card. All the text should be able to be resized with parameters, and I need a padding parameter to adjust that as well. I also want the text to fit the space, and to automatically shrink in size to fit if needed, but stay consistent within the same text box.

For this design, I would like to use the standard Arial font, and it needs to be bolded.

I'd like to be able to adjust all these settings via the customizer.

[Assistant]
FunctionalBusinessCard.scad:
```
// preview[view:south,tilt:top]

/* [Text Settings] */
first_name = "First Name";
last_name = "Last Name";
contact_text = "www.your.site.com";
contact_size = 100; // [50:100]
padding = 2; // [1:3]

/* [Card Size] */
card_width = 86; // [80:100]
card_height = 54; // [50:60]
card_thickness = 1; // [0.5:Thin,1:Normal,1.5:Thick]

/* [Millimeter Settings] */
millimeter_tick_length = 2.5; // [2.5:Normal,5:Long]
millimeter_tick_block = 10; // [5:5mm,10:10mm]

/* [Protractor Settings] */
protractor_tick_length = 2.5; // [2.5:Normal,5:Long]
protractor_tick_block = 10; // [10:10 Degrees,20:20 Degrees]

translate([0,0,card_thickness/2]) {
    fudge = 0.005; // for floating point errors
    padding = padding / 2;

    difference() {
        // The card base shape
        cardWidth = card_width;
        cardHeight = card_height;
        cardThickness = card_thickness;
        cube([cardWidth,cardHeight,cardThickness],true);

        // Card detail
        translate([0,0,cardThickness/2]) {

            // Millimiter measurements
            mmTickLength = millimeter_tick_length;
            mmTickBlock = millimeter_tick_block;
            mmNumberWidth = mmTickBlock-padding*2;
            mmNumberHeight = mmNumberWidth/len("10")*1.5; // Very approx
            mmNumberBottom = cardHeight/2-mmNumberHeight-mmTickLength;
            for (i = [0:1:cardWidth]) {
                canText = i + mmTickBlock < cardWidth;
                isLongTick = i%mmTickBlock == 0;
                tickLength = isLongTick ? mmTickLength*2: mmTickLength;
                tickPosition = i-cardWidth/2;
                tickOffset = cardHeight/2-tickLength/2;

                // Tickmark
                translate([tickPosition,tickOffset,0]) {
                    cube([.5,tickLength+fudge,cardThickness],true);
                }

                // Numbers
                if(isLongTick && canText) {
                    mmBlock = i+mmTickBlock;
                    mmNumberText = mmBlock < 10 ? str("0", mmBlock) : str(mmBlock);
                    mmNumberLeft = tickPosition + padding;
                    translate([mmNumberLeft, mmNumberBottom, -cardThickness/2]) {
                        linear_extrude(height = cardThickness) {
                            resize([mmNumberWidth, 0], auto = true) {
                                text(mmNumberText,
                                    font = "Arial:style=Bold",
                                    size = 10,
                                    halign = "left",
                                    valign = "baseline"
                                );
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // Contact text
            contactText = contact_text;
            contactWidth = (cardWidth-padding*4)*contact_size/100;
            contactHeight = contactWidth/len(contactText)*1.5; // Very approx
            contactLimit = cardHeight/4;
            contactTall = contactHeight > contactLimit;
            contactBounds = contactTall ? [0,contactLimit] : [contactWidth,0];
            contactTop = -cardHeight/2+min(contactLimit,contactHeight)+padding;
            translate([0,contactTop,-cardThickness/2]) {
                linear_extrude(height = cardThickness) {
                    resize(contactBounds, auto=true) {
                        text(contactText,
                            font = "Arial:style=Bold",
                            size = 10,
                            halign = "center",
                            valign = "top"
                        );
                    }
                }
            }

            // Center detail
            centerSize = mmNumberBottom-contactTop-padding*4;
            centerBottom = contactTop+padding*2;
            translate([0,centerBottom,0]) {

                // Protractor detail
                for (i = [0:2:180]) {
                    angle = 90-i;
                    isLongTick = abs(angle)%protractor_tick_block == 0;
                    tickLength = isLongTick ? protractor_tick_length*2 : protractor_tick_length;
                    tickTop = centerSize-protractor_tick_length*2+tickLength/2;

                    // Tickmark
                    rotate(a=[0,0,angle]) {
                        translate([0,tickTop,0]) {
                            cube([.5,tickLength,cardThickness],true);
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Protractor cutout
                proCutOutter = centerSize-protractor_tick_length*2;
                proCutInner = proCutOutter-2;
                proCutHeight = cardThickness*2;
                translate([0,0,-cardThickness/2]) {

                    // Ring cutout
                    difference() {
                        cylinder(h=proCutHeight,r=proCutOutter,center=true,$fn=90);
                        cylinder(h=proCutHeight,r=proCutInner,center=true,$fn=90);
                        translate([0,-cardHeight/2-1,0]) {
                            cube([cardWidth,cardHeight,proCutHeight],true);
                        }
                    }

                    // Origin cutout
                    cylinder(h=proCutHeight,r=1.5,center=true,$fn=45);
                }

                // Name details
                nameBounds = proCutInner*2*sin(45)-padding*2;
                nameLimit = nameBounds/4-padding*2;

                // First Name
                fnameTall = nameBounds/len(first_name)*1.5 > nameLimit;
                fnameBounds = fnameTall ? [0,nameLimit] : [nameBounds,0];
                translate([0,nameBounds/2+padding,-cardThickness/2]) {
                    linear_extrude(height = cardThickness) {
                        resize(fnameBounds, auto=true) {
                            text(first_name,
                                font = "Arial:style=Bold",
                                size = 10,
                                halign = "center",
                                valign = "top"
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Last Name
                lnameTall = nameBounds/len(last_name)*1.5 > nameLimit;
                lnameBounds = lnameTall ? [0,nameLimit] : [nameBounds,0];
                translate([0,nameBounds/4+padding,-cardThickness/2]) {
                    linear_extrude(height = cardThickness) {
                        resize(lnameBounds, auto=true) {
                            text(last_name,
                                font = "Arial:style=Bold",
                                size = 10,
                                halign = "center",
                                valign = "top"
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a skirting board that will fit around round openings, like pipes coming up through the floor or the base of a stair post. I'd like it to be in two halves that can be connected together, ideally with a tongue-and-groove type joint.

The main parameters I'm thinking of are:

*   `inner_diameter`: The diameter of the hole the skirting will fit around.
*   `outer_diameter`: The overall diameter of the skirting board itself.
*   `height`: The height of the skirting.
*   `outer_width`: This defines the width of the outer, flat part of the skirting and also influences the size of the tongue-and-groove connectors.

I want the design to have a rounded profile on the outer edge. I'm also thinking that the two halves could have a "nut" and "slot" style connector, meaning one half will have the slot cut into the flat edge and the other half will have the nut extend from the edge. There should be some tolerance in these connections so they fit together well.

Please use the standard OpenSCAD libraries.

[Assistant]
fussleiste_rund.scad:
```
$fa=5;
$fs=0.5;

inner_dia = 50;
outer_dia = 80;
height = 30;

inner_dia2 = inner_dia * 1.05; // give some room

outer_dia_top = inner_dia* 1.3;

outer_width = (outer_dia_top - inner_dia2) / 2;

slot_side = outer_width/2*1.5;

module full_ring() {
  difference() {
    linear_extrude(height=height, scale=(outer_dia_top/outer_dia)) {
      circle(d = outer_dia);
    }

    translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(h=height+2, d=inner_dia2);
  }
}

module half_ring() {
  difference() {
    full_ring();
    translate([-(outer_dia+1)/2, 0, -1])
      cube([outer_dia+2, outer_dia/2+1, height+2]);
  }
}

module nut(h) {

linear_extrude(height=h)
  polygon( [  [0,0],[slot_side,0],[0,slot_side] ] );

}

module slot(h) {

linear_extrude(height=h)
  polygon( [  [0,0],[slot_side,0],[0,slot_side] ] );

}

module connected_half_ring() {
  // nut
  translate([-inner_dia2/2,outer_width/2,]) {
   rotate([0,0,180])
      nut(height);
  }

  difference() {
   half_ring();
   // slot
   translate([inner_dia2/2,-outer_width/2,-1]) {
     translate([0.05*slot_side, -0.05*slot_side, 0])
     scale([1.1,1.1,1]) { //give some room
       slot(height+2);
     }
   }

   translate([inner_dia2/2 - slot_side*0.75, -outer_width/2, -1])
     translate([-0.05*slot_side, -0.05*slot_side, 0])
     scale([1.1,1.1,1])  //give some room
       cube([slot_side, slot_side, height+2] );

  }

}

connected_half_ring();

%rotate([0,0,180]) connected_half_ring();

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for some help designing a custom socket organizer for my toolbox using OpenSCAD. I've seen a few designs, but I want something that's fully parametric so I can adjust it to exactly what I need.

Basically, I need to create a rectangular block with cylindrical cutouts to hold sockets. I'd like to be able to specify the diameter of each socket cutout, and have the code automatically arrange them in a single row. I also want to be able to add text labels for each socket.

Here are the key parameters I think I'll need:

*   **`socketHeight`**:  The depth of the socket cutouts.
*   **`textSize`**: The size of the text labels.
*   **`textPaddingTopAndBottom`**: The vertical space above and below the text labels.
*   **`textHeight`**: The height of the extruded or engraved text.
*   **`textPosition`**:  A way to choose whether the text should be "embossed" (raised) or "engraved" (cut into the surface).
*   **`wallWidthBetweenTools`**: The width of the material separating each socket cutout.
*  **`wallWidthAboveTools`**: The wall height above the sockets.
*   **`wallWidthBehindTools`**: The wall thickness behind the largest socket to the "floor".
*   **`wallWidthExtraOnEnds`**: The extra wall width added to either end of the block.
*   **`socketDiameters`**:  A list (array) of the diameters for each socket cutout, in millimeters, for example, `[11.8, 13.1, 15.9]`.
*  **`socketLabels`**: A matching list (array) of text strings to label each socket cutout, e.g., `["10", "12", "14"]`.
*  **`socketHeightsCustom`**: An *optional* array that can override the `socketHeight` variable for each *individual* socket, allowing for variable-depth sockets. If a socket's height isn't specified in this array, the `socketHeight` variable should be used as the default.
*   **`socketClearanceOffset`**:  A base clearance to add to the socket cutouts, to make insertion and removal easier.
*  **`socketClearanceGain`**: An additional percentage of diameter as a clearance to add to each socket cutout, to make insertion and removal easier (i.e. if a 10mm socket is entered with `socketClearanceGain = 0.01`, it will add another 0.1 mm to the cutout, making the final diameter 10.1 + `socketClearanceOffset` mm).

The program should automatically calculate the total width of the organizer based on the socket diameters, the wall widths, and the extra end wall. The depth of the block should be calculated based on the largest socket diameter, plus the wall behind. The text labels should be centered under each socket cutout. I'd like a function to calculate the largest socket size automatically.

Can you provide me with a complete OpenSCAD script to accomplish all of this?  I don't have any special libraries that I use, but I assume we can use standard OpenSCAD functions for this.

[Assistant]
sockets.scad:
```
// Author: Russell Stout
// Version 1.4

// Show OpenSCAD version in the console
echo(version=version());

// ***********************************************
// ###############################################
// ***********************************************

// Feel free to edit below this section

// ***********************************************
// ###############################################
// ***********************************************

// Height of the socket. Consider adding a few extra mm so the socket fits easily when you are using "wallWidthAboveTools"
socketHeight = 52; // Deep sockets

// Size of the text
textSize = 5;
// Gap above and below the text
textPaddingTopAndBottom = 1;
// Height of the extruded text
textHeight = 0.6;
// Extrude or emboss text. Options are "emboss" and "engrave"
textPosition = "emboss";
// textPosition = "engrave";

// Wall width between and above sockets
wallWidthBetweenTools = 2;
// Wall size above sockets. Set to 0 for no wall above
wallWidthAboveTools = 2;
// Wall behind the largest socket to the "floor"
wallWidthBehindTools = 2;
// Extra wall width added to either end of the block
wallWidthExtraOnEnds = 1;

// Enter diameters of the socket cut outs as they appear on the block. Add as many or as few as you'd like; the size of the print will automatically adjust
socketDiameters = [11.8, 11.8, 11.8, 13.1, 13.1, 14.6, 15.9, 16.8, 18, 19.8];
// Add the label text for each entry above (there must be an entry for each socket). Text must have have dummy entries to match the diameter array
socketLabels = ["5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14"];
// OPTIONAL: If this variable is enabled, the heights of each individual socket can be customized. Also, defining the height of each socket is not necessary; any socket height not defined here will default to the height specified above
socketHeightsCustom = [];
// socketHeightsCustom = [35, 40, 45];

// Extra clearance is required to make to socket slip in nicely. The amount of tolerance required varies on the size of socket. Base clearance applied to each hole
socketClearanceOffset = 0.4;
// Percent of diameter extra clearance (e.g. 0.01 = 1%)
socketClearanceGain = 0.01;

// ***********************************************
// ###############################################
// ***********************************************

// You should not need to edit below this section

// ***********************************************
// ###############################################
// ***********************************************

// Size of the text area
textAreaThickness = textSize + (textPaddingTopAndBottom * 2);

// Recursive function
// calculate the maximum socket size in this row
function largestSocketSize(array, index = 0) = (index < len(array) - 1)
    ? max(array[index], largestSocketSize(array, index + 1))
    : array[index];

// Recursive sum to calculate accumulative offset
function sumAccumulativeOffset(array, index, gap) = index == 0
    ? array[index]
    : array[index] + sumAccumulativeOffset(array, index - 1, gap) + gap;

// Overall size of the model
largestSocketDiameter = largestSocketSize(socketDiameters);
xSize = sumAccumulativeOffset(socketDiameters, len(socketDiameters)-1, wallWidthBetweenTools) + wallWidthBetweenTools + (wallWidthExtraOnEnds * 3);
ySize = socketHeight + textAreaThickness + wallWidthAboveTools;
zSize = (largestSocketDiameter / 2) + wallWidthBehindTools; // Length of the block

// Calculate where to start to center sockets on the block
socketsPerRow = len(socketDiameters);
yStart = wallWidthBetweenTools;
xStart = (xSize + wallWidthBetweenTools - sumAccumulativeOffset(socketDiameters, socketsPerRow - 1, wallWidthBetweenTools)) / 2;

module solidBlock() {
    cube ([xSize, ySize, zSize]);
}

module textLabels(textHeightNew = textHeight) {
    for (yIndex = [0:socketsPerRow - 1]) {
        diameter = socketDiameters[yIndex];
        xPos = sumAccumulativeOffset(socketDiameters, yIndex, wallWidthBetweenTools) - (0.5 * diameter) + xStart;
        translate ([xPos, 0, 0]) color ([0, 1, 1]) linear_extrude (height = textHeightNew) text (socketLabels[yIndex], size = textSize, valign = "baseline", halign = "center", font = "Liberation Sans");
    }
}

module socketHoles() {
    for (yIndex = [0:socketsPerRow - 1]) {
        socketClearance = (socketDiameters[yIndex] * socketClearanceGain) + socketClearanceOffset;
        diameter = socketDiameters[yIndex] + socketClearance;
        xPos = sumAccumulativeOffset(socketDiameters, yIndex, wallWidthBetweenTools) - (0.5 * diameter) + xStart;
        height = socketHeightsCustom[yIndex] ? socketHeightsCustom[yIndex] : socketHeight;
        translate ([xPos, 0, 0]) rotate([270, 0, 0]) cylinder (h = height, d = diameter, center = false);
    }
}

difference () {

    union () {
        // **************************
        // Draw the block that will have the sockets cut from
        // **************************
        solidBlock();

        // **************************
        // Add EMBOSSED text to the block
        // **************************
        if( textPosition == "emboss" ) {
            translate([0, textPaddingTopAndBottom, zSize]) {
                textLabels();
            }
        }
    }

    // **************************
    // Remove ENGRAVED text from the block
    // **************************
    if( textPosition == "engrave" ) {
        translate([0, textPaddingTopAndBottom, (zSize - textHeight)]) {
            // Add some extra height to extrude text past block top surface
            textLabels(textHeight + 0.1);
        }
    }

    // **************************
    // Cut out the sockets
    // **************************
    translate([0,textAreaThickness,zSize]) {
        // Loop through all the specified sockets
        socketHoles();
    }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking for a way to generate a parametric drill handle, similar to the one I saw on Thingiverse by Bikecyclist. The basic idea is a cylindrical handle with optional knurling and a hexagonal recess at the end to fit a standard drill bit adapter.

Specifically, I'd like the following parameters:

*   **Grip Diameter:** This will control the overall diameter of the main handle body. I'd like to set this as a floating-point number.
*   **Grip Length:** This is the length of the cylindrical part of the handle. It should be a floating-point number.
*   **Grip Roundness:** This controls the radius of the rounded ends of the handle. It affects how much the ends are rounded and should be a floating-point number.
*   **Nut Size:** This is the nominal size of the hexagonal recess for the drill bit adapter. It should also be a floating-point number. Something that can easily be set to common sizes like 6.35mm (1/4 inch) would be great.
*    **Nut Recess Taper:** This controls how much the recess opening is oversized to allow for a press fit. It should be a floating-point number.
*   **Knurl Diameter:** This will control the diameter of the individual knurls, if they're included. It should also be a floating-point number.
*   **Knurl Style:**  I'd like to be able to choose between protruding knurls and recessed knurls using an integer. 0 for protruding, and 1 for recessed.

The core of the handle should be a cylinder with rounded ends. I’d like a module called `plain_grip` that creates this. Then, I'd like to be able to optionally add the knurling. I'd like a `knurls` module that can take a parameter for the `z_scale` (which would allow it to create either recessed or protruding knurls). The hexagonal recess at the end should be created with a `difference()` so that it's a hole in the body of the grip. The recess should taper slightly, getting larger at the opening, to make insertion easier.

Could you generate OpenSCAD code for this? I'd rather not use any external libraries if possible, but if something like the `polyhedron()` function or other function in the core language can make this easier that is fine. It might be useful to generate the knurls using a `for` loop.

[Assistant]
Parametric_Drill_Grip.scad:
```
$fn=32;

// Parametric Drill Handle by Bikecyclist
// https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2876740
// V4: Even better use of thingiverse customizer interface!
// V3: Even better use of thingiverse customizer interface
// V2: Better use of thingiverse customizer interface, recessed knurls as optional style
// V1: First release

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

/* [Grip] */

grip_diameter = 40;     // [0:100]

grip_length = 60;       // [0:200]

// (must be < grip diameter/2)
grip_roundness = 10;    // [0.0:49.9]

/* [Nut] */

// Nominal nut size, i. e. 6.35 mm = 1/4 inch
nut_size = 6.35;

// Nut's outer opening is oversized and tapers down to nominal to allow squeeze-fit */
nut_recess_taper = 0.4;

/* [Knurls] */

// Diameter of cylindrical knurls
knurl_diameter = 10;    // [0:20]

// Style of knurls
knurls = 1;             // [0:protuding,1:recessed]

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES END

n_knurls = floor (PI * grip_diameter / knurl_diameter / 1.5);

if (knurls == 0)
    union ()
    {
        plain_grip ();
        knurls (1);
    }
else
    difference ()
    {
        plain_grip ();
        knurls (2);
    }

module plain_grip ()
{
    difference ()
    {
        minkowski()
        {
            cylinder (d = grip_diameter - 2 * grip_roundness, h = grip_length - 2 * grip_roundness);
            sphere (grip_roundness);
        }
        translate ([0, 0, - grip_roundness - 1])
            cylinder (d1 = nut_size / (sqrt(3)/2), d2 = nut_size / (sqrt(3)/2)+ nut_recess_taper, h = grip_length + 2, $fn=6);
    }
}

module knurls (z_scale)
{
    scale ([1, 1, z_scale])
        for (i = [1:n_knurls])
                rotate ([0, 0, 360 / n_knurls * i])
                    translate ([grip_diameter/2, 0, 0])
                        union ()
                        {
                            cylinder (d = knurl_diameter, h = grip_length - 2 * grip_roundness);

                            translate ([0, 0, grip_length - 2 * grip_roundness])
                                sphere (d = knurl_diameter);

                            translate ([0, 0, 0])
                                sphere (d = knurl_diameter);

                        }
}
```