[User]
Hi, I'm looking for a parametric design for an Apple Watch band holder, and I'd like it to be configurable via OpenSCAD.

Essentially, I want a stand (or just a wall mount if I decide not to have a stand) that holds multiple watch bands. I need to be able to adjust it for the smaller 38/40mm watches versus the larger 42/44mm sizes, and I need to specify the number of bands it will hold.

The base should be somewhat like a flat square with a tapered edge on one side, but only if the stand option is enabled. If it's just a wall mount, it can be much simpler.

The main feature is the curved band resting surface which should be attached to the base. This needs to have small protrusions to actually hold the bands. These protrusions should have a flat top, a cylindrical connection and small tail like features to keep bands in place. Some of the tails should include a small hole to accommodate the end of some Velcro bands.

Here are some key dimensions I think are important, but I'd like them to be easily adjustable:

*   **Base Depth:** Around 40mm
*   **Taper Angle (Base):**  10 degrees
*   **Base Flat Depth Minimum:** 4mm
*   **Column Depth (if stand enabled):** 5mm
*   **Height (stand):** Around 145mm for smaller watches, 150mm for larger.
*   **Per Band Width:**  36mm for smaller watches, 38mm for larger watches.
*   **Band Resting Diameter:** 300mm
*   **Resting Height:** 60mm
*   **Distance Between Diameters (band holders):** 23mm for smaller, 25mm for larger watches.
*   **Interface Diameter (band holders):** 15mm
*   **Band Depth:** 11mm
*   **Velcro Hole Diameter:** 3mm
*   **Velcro Distance from Center:** 35mm

I'd like to be able to control the number of bands it holds, and I'd also like to specify how many of those bands are Velcro straps. This will add those small holes in the protrusions.

I think that covers it! I'm happy to provide more information if I missed anything. Could you generate this, please? I don't need any libraries for this besides the basic OpenSCAD operations.

[Assistant]
watchBandStand.scad:
```
/* [Main Dimensions] */
// Add a Stand, (false will just make the watch mount for shelf or wall mounting)
withStand = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]
// Shrink to fit the 38/40 mm version (default is the 42/44 mm)
smallerSize = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]
// Number of bands to accomodate
bands = 4; // [1:10]

// don't change anything below here unless you are looking to customize further
// general dimensions for building here
/* [Hidden] */
numberOfVelcros = 0; // number of those bands that are velcro (adds a little hole to accomodate the band end)
$fn=720; // number of facets (per full rotation)

//base dimensions
baseDepth = 40; //mm
taperAngle = 10; //degree
baseFlatDepthMinimum = 4; //mm

//column dimensions
height = smallerSize ? 145: 150; //mm
columnDepth = 5; //mm

// band mount variables
perBandWidth = smallerSize ? 36 : 38; //mm
bandRestingDiameter = 300; //mm
restingHeight = 60; //mm
arcAngle = asin(restingHeight/bandRestingDiameter); // degree
bandRestingDepth = tan(arcAngle)*restingHeight; //mm

//band holding features
distanceBetweenDiameters = smallerSize ? 23: 25; //mm
bandHolderDiameter = bandRestingDiameter*1.15; //mm
interfaceDiameter = 15; //mm
bandDepth = 11; //mm
//distanceBetweenDiameters = 25; //mm
distanceToFirstDiameterCenter = (perBandWidth/2)-((distanceBetweenDiameters+interfaceDiameter)/2); //mm

//velco strap feature
startVelcroDistance = distanceToFirstDiameterCenter+(perBandWidth*(bands-numberOfVelcros)-1);
velcroDiameter = 3; //mm
velcroDistance = 35; //mm from center of radius

//// make the model :)

rotate(90,[0,1,0])
rotate(180,[0,0,1])
color("grey") {
    union () {
        // start with the base
        if (withStand) {
            difference () {
                //main square base
                translate([0,0,-baseFlatDepthMinimum])
                        cube([baseDepth,perBandWidth*bands, baseDepth]);
                //two tapering edges
                translate ([baseDepth,-1,0])
                    rotate(90-taperAngle,[0,-1,0])
                        cube([baseDepth,perBandWidth*bands+2, baseDepth*1.5]);
            }

            //column

            cube([columnDepth,perBandWidth/2,height+1-restingHeight]);
            translate([0,perBandWidth*(bands-0.5)])
                cube([columnDepth,perBandWidth/2,height+1-restingHeight]);

        } // end the check for if is a stand or not

        //build watch band resting surface
        intersection() {
            translate([bandRestingDepth-bandRestingDiameter/2,0,height-restingHeight])
                rotate(90,[-1,0,0])
                    cylinder(d=bandRestingDiameter,h=perBandWidth*bands+2);
                translate([0,0,height-restingHeight])
                    cube([bandRestingDepth,perBandWidth*bands,height]);
        }
    }
    // band holding protrusions
    translate ([0,0,height])
        rotate (90-arcAngle,[0,10,0])
            {
                intersection() {
                    translate([0,0,bandDepth-(bandHolderDiameter)/2])
                        rotate(90,[-1,0,0])
                            //tapering radius front face
                            cylinder(h=perBandWidth*bands, d=bandHolderDiameter);
                    union () {
                        for (i = [distanceToFirstDiameterCenter:perBandWidth:perBandWidth*bands]) {
                            // radius contact point
                            difference () {
                                //left side
                                translate([interfaceDiameter/2,i,0]) {
                                    cylinder(d=interfaceDiameter, h=bandDepth);
                                //right side
                                    translate([0, distanceBetweenDiameters+interfaceDiameter,0])
                                        cylinder(d=interfaceDiameter, h=bandDepth);
                                    }
                                translate([0,i-distanceToFirstDiameterCenter-interfaceDiameter,0])
                                    cube([restingHeight,interfaceDiameter,bandDepth]);
                                translate([0,i-distanceToFirstDiameterCenter+perBandWidth,0])
                                    cube([restingHeight,interfaceDiameter,bandDepth]);
                                }
                            //pretty little flat tops
                            translate([0,i-distanceToFirstDiameterCenter,0])
                                cube([interfaceDiameter,distanceToFirstDiameterCenter, bandDepth]);
                            translate([0,i+distanceBetweenDiameters+interfaceDiameter,0])
                                cube([interfaceDiameter,distanceToFirstDiameterCenter, bandDepth]);
                            //tails
                            difference () {
                                union () {
                                    translate([interfaceDiameter/2,i-distanceToFirstDiameterCenter,0])
                                        cube([restingHeight,distanceToFirstDiameterCenter+interfaceDiameter/2,
                                    bandDepth]);
                                    translate([interfaceDiameter/2,i+distanceBetweenDiameters+interfaceDiameter/2,0])
                                        cube([restingHeight,distanceToFirstDiameterCenter+interfaceDiameter/2,
                                 bandDepth]);
                                    }
                                // add features to assist with Velcro and Milanese loops
                                if (i > startVelcroDistance) {
                                    translate ([interfaceDiameter/2+velcroDistance, i+interfaceDiameter/2,0])
                                        cylinder(d=velcroDiameter,h=bandDepth);
                                    translate ([interfaceDiameter/2+velcroDistance, i+interfaceDiameter/2+distanceBetweenDiameters,0])
                                        cylinder(d=velcroDiameter,h=bandDepth);
                                }
                            }

                        }
                    }
                }
        }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric wire hanger for my desk, something that can hold multiple charging cables neatly. I'm thinking of something that mounts to the wall or the side of my desk.

Here are the main parameters I'd like to control:

*   **Number of Cables:** I need to specify how many cables the hanger will hold. Let's say this needs to be a variable called `NumberOfCables` with a minimum of 3 and maybe a max of 20.
*   **Cable Diameter:** I need to specify the diameter of the cables themselves. I'll probably need three main settings: `cable_d = 5` for small cables, `cable_d = 10` for medium, and `cable_d = 15` for large ones.
*   **Hanger Thickness:** I'd like to control the thickness of the hanger, so a variable called `plate_h` that ranges from 5mm up to maybe 15mm, with single millimeter steps.
*   **Clearance:** I need to specify the clearance between the cable slots, and between the edge of the hanger and the first/last slots. A variable called `c` that can range between 10mm and 20mm should be good.

The design should include a flat rectangular base with circular cutouts to hold the cables. Maybe it could have some sort of mounting holes on the sides, just simple cylinders would work for that. I'm still kind of new to OpenSCAD so I would be grateful if you could generate the entire .scad file from scratch.

[Assistant]
charging_wire_hanger.scad:
```
//Enter # of wires you wanna hang (at least 3)
NumberOfCables = 5; // [3:20]
cable_d = 10; // [5:Small(5mm),10:Medium(10mm),15:Large(15mm)]
//Enter hanger thickness
plate_h = 5; // [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
//Clearance between slots, slots and wall
c = 10; // [10:20]
plate_l = cable_d+(1.5*c); //Hanger length
plate_w = (NumberOfCables*(cable_d+c)) + c; //Hanger width
difference()
{
    union()
    {
        translate([0, 0, plate_h]) cube([plate_h, 15, 15]);
        translate([0, plate_w-15, plate_h]) cube([plate_h, 15, 15]);
        difference()
        {
            cube([plate_l, plate_w, plate_h], center=[plate_l/2, plate_w/2, plate_h/2]);
            for(i = [1:NumberOfCables])
            {
                translate([(c+(cable_d/2)), (i*(c+(cable_d))-(cable_d/2)), plate_h/2]) cylinder(plate_h+0.2, cable_d/2+2, cable_d/2+2, center = true);
                translate([plate_l-cable_d/2, (i*(c+(cable_d))-(cable_d/2)), plate_h/2]) cube([cable_d+0.1, cable_d, plate_h+0.2], center = true);
            }
        }
    }
translate([plate_h/2, 7.5, plate_h+7.5]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(plate_h+0.2, 2.5, 2.5, center = true);
translate([plate_h/2, plate_w-7.5, plate_h+7.5]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(plate_h+0.2, 2.5, 2.5, center = true);
}

```


[User]
I want to design a mobile phone projector, like a DIY home theater thing. I have a few ideas for how it should work, and I'd like to generate some OpenSCAD files to make it printable.

The core idea is a box that holds a phone and a magnifying glass. The phone will project its screen through the magnifying glass onto a wall. I need a few different parts:

1.  **A main box:** This needs to be big enough to hold the phone and have room for the lens. I want to be able to specify the length, width, and thickness of my phone, and the diameter of the magnifying glass I'll use. The box should have an opening at one end for the phone to sit, and a circular opening on the opposite side to hold the lens. I also need the inner dimensions to be slightly larger than the phone itself, with space for the phone to sit in. I'd like to have a lip or something at the opening of the box to allow it to be attached to a base, so there should be a flange at the back edge of this part, that extends out from the top of the side panels.

2.  **A phone holder:** This piece will fit inside the main box and hold the phone in place. I'll need to specify the same phone dimensions for this part, so that it will fit properly. It should have cutouts so that it doesn't block the screen when the phone is inside. I'd like to have a couple of small posts or tabs extending from the sides to keep the phone from slipping out, and a little lip on the bottom that extends past the sides. It would be nice if this fits pretty snugly inside of the box.

3.  **A cover:** This piece is a flat cover that attaches to the top of the main box, so that it will be able to slide on and off to access the phone. It should cover most of the top opening of the box. I guess it should also be the same width as the box, with slightly longer length than the box.

I need all three parts to be parametric. I want to be able to define the phone length, width, and thickness, and the magnifying glass diameter, and have the design adjust to those values.

I'm pretty new to OpenSCAD, so I don't know about specialized libraries, but if anything would be useful please include it. And I'd also like it if there were detailed comments explaining the code.

[Assistant]
cover.scad:
```
//Customisable Box mobile projector from Saurabh Karanke
//Enter mobile dimensions
//Enter mobile length
length=150;
//Enter mobile width
width=73.5;
//Enter mobile thickness
thickness=9.5;
daimeter=72;//[50:72]
l=length+20;l1=length-2;l2=length+2;
w=width+20;w1=width+9;w2=width+11;
t=20;//[20:20]
tl=thickness+2;
t1=18-tl;
 module cover(){
     union(){
cube([l+20,200,5]);
     translate([l/2+10,105,5])
     difference(){
cube([l,190,4],center=true);
         cube([l-10,180,4],center=true);
     }
 }
 }
 cover();
```
mobile_holder.scad:
```
//Customisable Box mobile projector from Saurabh Karanke
//Enter mobile length
length=150;
//Enter mobile width
width=73.5;
//Enter mobile thickness
thickness=9.5;
daimeter=72;//[50:72]
l=length+20;l1=length-2;l2=length+2;
w=width+20;w1=width+9;w2=width+11;
t=20;//[20:20]
tl=thickness+2;
t1=18-tl;
module mobholder(){
union(){
    difference(){
cube([l,width+15,t]);
translate([11,11,18])
cube([l1,w1,2]);
translate([9,9,t1])
cube([l2,w2,tl]);
}
translate([-5,width-5,0])
cube([5,5,20]);
translate([l,width-5,0])
cube([5,5,20]);
 }
 }
 mobholder();
```
projector_box.scad:
```
//Customisable Box mobile projector from Saurabh Karanke
//Enter mobile dimensions
//Enter mobile length
length=150;
//Enter mobile width
width=73.5;
//Enter mobile thickness
thickness=9.5;
daimeter=72;//[50:72]
l=length+20;l1=length-2;l2=length+2;
w=width+20;w1=width+9;w2=width+11;
t=20;//[20:20]
tl=thickness+2;
t1=18-tl;
module box(){
    difference(){
cube([l+20,200,w+5]);
    translate([9.5,10,5])
cube([l+1,190,w]);
    translate([4.5,10,width])
cube([6,190,6]);
    translate([l+10.5,10,width])
cube([6,190,6]);
        translate([l/2+10,0,width/2+15])
        rotate([-90,0,0])
cylinder(10,daimeter/2,daimeter/2);
 }
 }
 box();
```


[User]
Hi there, I'm looking to get a custom name tag generator made in OpenSCAD.

The basic design I'm picturing is a rectangular base with a raised text on top. I'd like the text to be customizable, of course. I'm thinking it should be something like a small plaque, with a border.

Specifically, I want the following:

*   **Base:** A rectangular base with a specified length, width, and height. The length should adjust to accommodate the text and a border/inset on each side.
*   **Border:** I want to be able to specify a border around the rectangular base and an inset for the text from that border. The main portion of the base should sit on the lower portion of the overall height, and there will be an added portion inside this that is slightly thinner so there is a raised wall.
*   **Text:** The user should be able to specify the text for the name tag. The text will be raised, so a linear extrusion should be used with the same height as the raised wall of the base. The font should be set to "Iowan Old Style:style=Roman", and I think 10pt size would be good. There should be some spacing to accommodate all the letters without touching, probably around 1 or so? The text should be inset from the border on the base.
*   **Parameters:** I'd like to set the overall height, border thickness, inset from the border for the text, and a base height. All of these should be accessible as parameters.
*   **Centering:** This is the tricky part. The length of the base will vary depending on the text that is input. I'd like the text to be centered on the base, and I understand that this can be tricky because the text lengths vary.

I'm not very familiar with the BOSL libraries, but I think that `text_extrude` might be helpful for the text part? I think a `linear_extrude` would work, too, as I'm seeing in my sample code. I also understand the libraries have some ways of finding the text bounding box for centering purposes. I would like to use whatever libraries or built-in functions are available to get the text centering correct if that's possible.

Could you help me generate the SCAD files for this?

[Assistant]
name_tag_customizer.scad:
```
//Charles Zanon
//MTU 4777 Customizer Mini Project

//Facet Number
$fn=50;

//Variable for text for customizable texts
txt="Chuck";

//Length will vary per how many characters of text
length=56;

//Width will remain constant for this font size
width=25;

//Height will vary with user input
height=8;

border = 3;
inset = 3;
base = 3;

//Cube
module base(){
translate([ border, border, 0 ])

    difference(){
        cube([
            length - 2*border,
            width - 2*border,
            height
        ]);
    ;

    translate([ border, border, base ])
    cube([
            length - 4*border,
            width - 4*border,
            height
        ]);

}
}

//Text
module sub(){
translate([ border+inset+2, border + inset+2,0]){

    linear_extrude( height = height ){

text(text=txt,
    font="Iowan Old Style:style=Roman",
    size=10,
    spacing=1
    );

}
}
}

module nametag();
union(){base();sub();}

{nametag();}

```


[User]
I'm looking for a customizable ring design that I can 3D print. I have some specific requirements for how it should look and be adjustable.

Basically, the ring should have an overall circular shape and be sized according to standard US ring sizes. I need to be able to adjust the thickness of the ring itself - I'd like to have options for thin, medium, and thick profiles.

Also, there should be a cutout on the inside of the ring. I need to be able to control both the thickness of the material making up that cutout and the height of that cutout.

I want to be able to set the following parameters:

*   `ring_size`: This should correspond to standard US ring sizes (e.g., size 10).
*   `thickness`: This will control the overall thickness of the ring itself, with options something like 1, 1.5, and 2 for thin, medium, and thick, respectively.
*   `cutout_thickness`: This should control the thickness of the inner ring cutout, and be set so something like 2 would mean no cutout at all, 1.4 would be a thin cutout, 1.1 a medium cutout, and 0.8 a thick cutout.
*   `cutout_height`: This parameter should control the height of the inner ring cutout. Perhaps 5 for a small cutout, 3 for medium, and 1.5 for a large cutout.
*   I'd like to be able to specify a color for the 3D render too.

I would like the final design to use a rotate extrude with two different circular extrusions, one for the main ring and another for the cutout, using a difference module to remove one from the other. I think using the `rotate_extrude`, `translate`, `scale`, `circle`, `square`, and `difference` functions should get the job done. Do you think that sounds reasonable? I'm not particularly good at SCAD, so I'm hoping you can help me get everything right.

[Assistant]
BJH_customizer_ring.scad:
```
// Resolution of print
$fn = 200;

// Ring size in correspondance to US standard ring sizes
ring_size = 10;

// Thickness of ring: 1 = Thin, 1.5 = Medium, 2 = Thick
thickness = 1.5;

// Set thickness of inner ring cutout: 2 = No cutout, 1.4 = Thin Cutout, 1.1 = Medium cutout, 0.8 = Thick cutout
cutout_thickness = 1.1;

// Set height of inner ring cutout: Small cutout = 5, Medium cutout = 3, Large cutout = 1.5
cutout_height = 3;

// Define color of 3D render (ex. "blue" or "red" or "gold" etc.)
color("gold") final_ring();

// Calculations based on inputs to put into ring extrusion

ring = ring_size * 0.815 + 11.63;

thickness_calc= thickness * (ring/9);

// Extruding ring based on inputs

module ring() {
rotate_extrude()
translate([((ring / 2)+(0.8*ring / 9)),  0])
            scale([0.5 , 1])circle(thickness_calc);
}

module line() {
    rotate_extrude()
    translate([((ring / 2)+(cutout_thickness * ring / 9)),  -0.5 * thickness_calc / cutout_height])
            scale([0.5 , 1])square([thickness_calc, thickness_calc / cutout_height]);
}

module final_ring() {
    difference() {
    ring();
    line();
    }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable bangle design using OpenSCAD. I have a basic understanding of how to write SCAD files, but I'd really like help making it more flexible.

Essentially, I want to create a simple bangle that's a hollow cylinder. Right now, I've got it working by subtracting one cylinder from another, but that's not very flexible. I'd like to be able to specify the inner diameter of the bangle, the thickness of the material, and the height of the bangle.

Also, it'd be great if I could easily adjust the fit of the bangle using some sort of tolerance variable, so it's not so tight on my wrist. I'd also like to be able to add a small gap in the bangle, so it's easier to put on and take off, maybe with an option to customize the size of that gap. So, I guess, I'd like to control the inner diameter, material thickness, height, fit tolerance, and gap size, all through variables. It should be just a plain cylinder design though, no fancy shapes or anything.

Could you help me write an OpenSCAD file that does that, using the variables for the inner diameter, wall thickness, height, fit tolerance, and gap size? It doesn't need to be overly complicated! I'd like all parameters to be in millimeters, too, if that's not too much to ask. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Bangle_Size_Customizer.scad:
```
//Wrist circumference
W=100;

difference(){
cylinder(15,W+10,W+10,center=true);
    cylinder(15,W,W,center=true);
}
;
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for help designing a customizable wrench in OpenSCAD.

I want a simple, open-ended wrench. The main things I need to be able to adjust are the size of the opening (the "w" dimension in the included code), and the overall thickness of the wrench ("t"). I would like it to be able to be used for different applications as well.

I've attached a basic SCAD file to show the rough shape and dimensions I'm aiming for. I'm not really tied to that design exactly, feel free to suggest alternatives, but I do need to keep the basic functionality.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file (or multiple files if it makes sense) that I could use to generate different wrenches with different opening sizes and thicknesses? I don't need it to be super fancy, just functional. I'm also interested in the option of adding some sort of handle grip texture if that's not too difficult, maybe something basic like knurling? I think I'd like to keep it to native openscad functions though; I'd rather not get into using any libraries for this.

[Assistant]
basic_customizer_wrench.scad:
```

//Size Of Wrench Opening
w=12;
//wrench thickness
t=4; //[1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10]

union(){
//wrench head
difference(){

        translate([4*w,0,0])cylinder(h=t,r=w);
    translate([3.75*w,-w/2,-t])cube([2*w,w,50*t]);

    }
//wrench body
    translate([-w*.75,-w,0])cube([w*4.75,2*w,t]);
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a customizable rock climbing hold that's basically a hollowed-out cylinder with some specific features. I've got a rough idea in OpenSCAD, but I need it to be more flexible and parametric.

Essentially, the hold should look like a short, fat can, with a slightly smaller diameter lip at the bottom (think of a soda can, but wider and more robust). The body of the can needs to have an adjustable height and a diameter that can be set by the user. It needs to have a lip that's slightly smaller in diameter than the main body, and then the inner part of the lip will need to be slightly hollowed out.

Inside the "can" part, I need a spherical concavity on the bottom for a slightly less sharp edge, and the entire bottom needs to be flattened (or 'subtracted') so it has a flat base to sit flush on a wall. Also, I need a bolt hole that runs up through the bottom center of the hold.

Here's what I'd like to be able to customize in the design:
*   **Overall Can Height:**  Adjustable height of the main cylindrical body.
*   **Can Radius:**  Adjustable radius of the main body and top opening.
*   **Lip Radius:**  Radius of the lip at the bottom. Should be smaller than the main radius.
*   **Lip Thickness:** The thickness of the lip, and the amount it is hollowed.
*   **Concavity Radius:** The radius of the sphere subtracted from the bottom inside to create the concave bottom.
*   **Bolt Diameter:**  Diameter of the bolt hole running through the center.
*   **Bolt Head Diameter:** Diameter of the recessed bolt hole
*   **Bolt Length:** Length of the recessed bolt portion
*   **Bolt Head Length:** Length of the bolt head portion
* **Orientation:** Ability to set the rotation of the hold along all axes.

Ideally, I'd like this to be well-documented with comments and easy to modify. Let's use the `MCAD` library for any common functions that would improve readability.

[Assistant]
pop_can_hold.scad:
```
//Resolution of model
$fn = 100;
//Specify length of can
height = 100;
//Specify outter radius of can
BottomRadius = 35;
TopRadius = BottomRadius;
//Orientation of can
deg_a = 180;
height2 = height + 20;
smallr = BottomRadius - 10;
height3 = height2 + 5;
height4 = (height3 - height2)/2;
smallerr = smallr - 1;

cut = height + 100;
difference(){
    difference(){
    difference(){
    rotate (a = deg_a, v = [1, 0, 1])
    union(){

       hull(){

//Outtermost body
cylinder(h = height, r1 = BottomRadius, r2 = BottomRadius, center = true);
//Small Lower Lip
cylinder(h = height2, r1 = smallr, r2 = smallr, center = true);
        }

difference(){
//Metal Fold
cylinder (h = height3, r1 = smallr, r2 = smallr, center = true);

//Subtraction of inner rim
translate([0, 0, height3/2 -2 ]) cylinder (h = height4, r1 = smallerr, r2 = smallerr, center = false);

    //end of hull
        }
//End of Union
    }

    //Concave Bottom Subtraction
translate([-height3/2 -10, 0, 0])
    sphere(smallr);
}
//Flattening of Bottom
translate([0,0,-cut/2])
cube([cut, cut, cut], center = true);
}
//hex bolt hole
boltB = 25;
bolth = 80;
boltl = 30;
boltd = 11;
    union(){
    translate([0, 0, boltl-0.1])
    cylinder(h = bolth, r = boltB/2);
    cylinder(h=boltl, r = boltd/2);}
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create some bases for tabletop miniatures, and I'd like to be able to customize them quite a bit. I need to be able to set the overall size of the base to represent different creature sizes (tiny, small, medium, large, huge, and gargantuan), and it's important that a "small" base uses the same space as a "medium" base, as per the rules.  I also want the option to add a rounded bevel around the top edge, and to control how rough that bevel is.

I also need a gap in the base to insert the paper tab from my minis, and would like to customize the size and angle of this gap, and even how much base material is left at the bottom of the gap. The base height itself also needs to be customizable.

Ideally, I'd also like the option to generate an array of these bases, where each base has a number on it. The number should be readable on the base, and the array should have a specified number of rows and columns.  Also I need to be able to set the space between the bases in the array.

The base should be cylindrical, and the gap should be an arc cut out of it. I need full control over how fine the mesh is for the base itself so that I can balance rendering speed and fidelity. The "arc" module I found seems useful (I'm not sure if you have a better way of making a slice of a circle?)
```
/*
 * Arc Module for OpenSCAD
 * by chickenchuck040
 * https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1092611
 * Licenced under Creative Commons Attribution
*/
module arc(radius, thick, angle){
	intersection(){
		union(){
			rights = floor(angle/90);
			remain = angle-rights*90;
			if(angle > 90){
				for(i = [0:rights-1]){
					rotate(i*90-(rights-1)*90/2){
						polygon([[0, 0], [radius+thick, (radius+thick)*tan(90/2)], [radius+thick, -(radius+thick)*tan(90/2)]]);
					}
				}
				rotate(-(rights)*90/2)
					polygon([[0, 0], [radius+thick, 0], [radius+thick, -(radius+thick)*tan(remain/2)]]);
				rotate((rights)*90/2)
					polygon([[0, 0], [radius+thick, (radius+thick)*tan(remain/2)], [radius+thick, 0]]);
			}else{
				polygon([[0, 0], [radius+thick, (radius+thick)*tan(angle/2)], [radius+thick, -(radius+thick)*tan(angle/2)]]);
			}
		}
		difference(){
			circle(radius+thick);
			circle(radius);
		}
	}
}
```
 I think that covers it... but I can try to answer any questions!

[Assistant]
minifig_base.scad:
```
// Size of the creature.  NOTE: Small is the same as medium because small creatures control the same area as a medium creature.  Source: 5e SRD pg 92
size = "medium"; //[tiny,small,medium,large,huge,gargantuan]

// Add lip around edge? (slow)
lip = "yes"; //[yes,no]

// Do you want to have numbered tiles in an array?
indexed_array = "no"; //[yes,no]

// How rough the lip should be.  Try 4 and 8 for interesting options other than a smooth curve.
lip_roughness = 100; //[4:2:100]

// Resolution (higher is *much* slower)
$fn = 100;

// Base radius we scale from.  Adjust if your map is not 25.4mm squares
radius = 12.5;

// Number of columns when indexing
columns = 3;

// Number of rows when indexing
rows = 4;

// Height of base
base_height = 3; //[2:0.1:5]

// Size of gap
gap_size = 0.6; //[0.1:0.1:3]

// How much material should be left at the bottom of the gap.  Zero to have the gap all the way through.
gap_base = 0.5; //[0:0.1:1.0]

// Number of degrees for gap to cover.  45 works well at all sizes.
gap_degrees = 45; //[30:5:90]

// Depth for font pocket
font_depth = 0.5; //[0.1:0.1:1]

// Space between bases when using an indexing array
array_gap = 5; //[1:10]

// No assignment inside if statements, so we get this abomination
base_radius = str(size) == str("tiny") ? radius/2 : (str(size) == str("large") ? radius*2 : (str(size) == str("huge") ? radius*3 : (str(size) == str("gargantuan") ? radius*4 : radius)));

// Font size for indexed bases
font_size = base_radius/2;

// This determines the offset for the arc.  The arc has a radius of twice base_radius, so it needs to be moved by that much to have the edge centered.  Additionally, we calculate the distance from the midpoint of the secant line to the edge and add half of that to center the arc on the base.
gap_center_offset = -base_radius*2 + base_radius*(1-cos(gap_degrees/2));

/*
 * Arc Module for OpenSCAD
 * by chickenchuck040
 * https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1092611
 * Licenced under Creative Commons Attribution
*/
module arc(radius, thick, angle){
	intersection(){
		union(){
			rights = floor(angle/90);
			remain = angle-rights*90;
			if(angle > 90){
				for(i = [0:rights-1]){
					rotate(i*90-(rights-1)*90/2){
						polygon([[0, 0], [radius+thick, (radius+thick)*tan(90/2)], [radius+thick, -(radius+thick)*tan(90/2)]]);
					}
				}
				rotate(-(rights)*90/2)
					polygon([[0, 0], [radius+thick, 0], [radius+thick, -(radius+thick)*tan(remain/2)]]);
				rotate((rights)*90/2)
					polygon([[0, 0], [radius+thick, (radius+thick)*tan(remain/2)], [radius+thick, 0]]);
			}else{
				polygon([[0, 0], [radius+thick, (radius+thick)*tan(angle/2)], [radius+thick, -(radius+thick)*tan(angle/2)]]);
			}
		}
		difference(){
			circle(radius+thick);
			circle(radius);
		}
	}
}

module minifig_base()
{
    difference() {
        // Base cylinder
        cylinder(h=base_height,r=base_radius);

        // Gap for figure
        translate([gap_center_offset,0,gap_base]) linear_extrude(height=base_height) arc(thick=gap_size,radius=base_radius*2,angle=gap_degrees);

        // Bevelled lip
        if (str(lip) == str("yes"))
        {
            rotate_extrude() translate([base_radius,base_height,0]) circle(r=base_height/3, $fn=lip_roughness);
        }
    }
}

if (indexed_array == "yes")
{
    for (i=[0:columns-1])
    {
        for (j=[0:rows-1])
        {
            index = i*(rows)+j+1;
            font_offset = index >=10 ? font_size*2/3 : font_size/3;
            translate([i*base_radius*2+array_gap*i, j*base_radius*2+array_gap*j, 0])
            difference()
            {
                minifig_base();
                translate([-font_size-base_radius*(1-cos(gap_degrees/2)),font_offset,base_height-font_depth])
                rotate([0,0,-90])
                linear_extrude(height=font_depth)
                text(str(index), size=font_size, font="FreeSerif");
            }
        }
    }
}
else
{
    minifig_base();
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to design a customizable hex socket for use with a standard ratchet. I need an OpenSCAD file that can generate this for me.

Here are the parameters I need to control:

*   **Ratchet drive size (S):** This is the size of the square opening for the ratchet.
*   **Socket depth (D):**  The total depth of the hex socket.
*   **Fastener head size (H):** This is the size of the hex head the socket is designed to fit.
*   **Resolution:** I need control of the resolution of the outer socket cylinder.

The design consists of a cylinder for the main socket body with a hexagonal hole for the bolt head. This is cut out of the main cylinder, and then a square section is cut out from the opposite end for the ratchet drive.

I need a single `.scad` file for this. I don't need any other files or libraries. I'd like to make sure that the resulting design has good tolerances so that I don't have issues with fit.

I want a file that generates a single module based on the parameters above, that I can then use to add multiple versions of this socket or easily re-use this parametric design.

Can you help with this?

[Assistant]
Hex_socket.scad:
```
//Hex bolt socket design
//Measuremesnts in mm'

//Ratchet sqaure drive size
S=6;

// Socket Depth
D=15;

// Fastener Head size
H=10;

//Resolution of outer socket layer
$fn=500;

   module Socket(){
 difference(){
 difference(){
 //Socket outer body
cylinder(h=D+S, r=1.25*H, center=true);
 //Socket inner hex
translate (v=[0,0,-(S/2)-(D/2)]) cylinder($fn=6,h=D, r=H, center=false);
     //Head and cap
 }
 //Remove square for ratchet drive
  translate (v=[-(S/2),-(S/2),(D/2)-(S/2)]) cube([S,S,S+1],center=false);
 }}
      Socket();
```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric hook using OpenSCAD. I've got a few specific things in mind that I want to be able to control via the customizer.

First, the hook should have a rectangular base that extends horizontally. I want to specify the width of this base (`wth`), and the thickness of the material used for the whole hook (`thk`). There should also be a 'ledge' on that rectangular base (`ldg`) that sticks out a little, making the base look a bit more like a double rectangle. I want to be able to control how long the overall hook is (`length`). The hook part should be a rounded curve of a specific radius (`r`), and the angle that the hook curves (`a`) should also be adjustable. The roundness of the curved area can be adjusted with the `$fn` variable, I want to make that available too. It's alright if it's a little rough.

So, to recap, I need to be able to control:
- `wth`: the width of the hook
- `thk`: the thickness of the material
- `ldg`: the size of the ledge
- `length`: the overall length of the hook
- `r`: the inside radius of the hook curve
- `a`: the angle of the hook curve
- `$fn`: the polygon smoothness

Can you generate the necessary OpenSCAD file for me? No specific libraries are needed.

[Assistant]
hook.scad:
```

//width of hook
wth=25;
//thickness of material
thk=10;
//Ledge size
ldg=10;
//length
length=150;
//hook inside radius
r=20;
//angle of hook (default 160)
a=160;
//poly (decrease to less than 15 for more square look)
$fn=8;

module length(){
difference(){
cube([ldg+thk*2,ldg+thk*2,wth]);
translate([thk,thk,0])cube([ldg,ldg*2,wth]);
}
cube([thk,length-r-thk,wth]);
}
module hook(){
    translate([-r-thk/2,length-r-thk,0])rotate (a=0, v=[2,0,0]) {
    translate([0,0,0]) rotate_extrude(angle = a, convexity=10)
    translate([r+thk/2,0,0]) square([thk,wth]);
    }}

length();
hook();
```


[User]
Hey, I need help designing a spark plug wire holder for my car. I want it to be something I can 3D print. I'm thinking a basic bar shape with holes to hold the wires.

Here are the things I need to be able to adjust:

*   **Number of Wires:** It should handle between 2 and 6 wires.
*   **Wire Diameter:** The holes should be sized for wire diameters between 8mm and 11mm.

The basic design would be a flat bar with holes that the wires will run through. The holes should be equally spaced. It would also help if there was some material on either side of the wire that I can use for mounting. The mounting sections don't have to be circular though, they could be part of the overall bar shape, as long as they stick out a bit. It might be good if the bar was a bit wider in the mounting sections than it is where the wires are held.

Can you make an OpenSCAD file for this? Also, I don't think I'll need to use any libraries.

[Assistant]
Plug_wire_holder.scad:
```
//Number of wires (2-6)
a=4;
//Spark Plug Wire Size (8-11mm)
b=10;

$fn=20;

module holder();
difference(){
    translate([0,0,2.5])cube([95, 20, 5], center=true);
    translate([-37.5,10-.25*b,2.5])cylinder(6,b/2,b/2,center=true);
    translate([-22.5,10-.25*b,2.5])cylinder(6,b/2,b/2,center=true);
    translate([-7.5,10-.25*b,2.5])cylinder(6,b/2,b/2,center=true);
    translate([7.5,10-.25*b,2.5])cylinder(6,b/2,b/2,center=true);
    translate([22.5,10-.25*b,2.5])cylinder(6,b/2,b/2,center=true);
    translate([37.5,10-.25*b,2.5])cylinder(6,b/2,b/2,center=true);
    translate([47.5,0,2.5])cube([180-30*a,22,6],center=true);
}

holder();
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get some OpenSCAD files designed. I'm after a parametric design for battery end caps, specifically for cylindrical batteries like AA, AAA, C, D, and 18650 sizes. The design should be modular, allowing for multiple cells to be stored together in a grid arrangement.

Here's what I need:

*   **Cell Types:** The design needs to handle all the battery types listed above (AA, AAA, C, D, 18650), and should be easily adjustable for different sizes through parameters.
*   **Grid Layout:** I want to be able to specify the number of cells in the X and Y directions. So, I need parameters for the number of cells in the X direction (let's call it `num_cells_x`) and the number of cells in the Y direction (let's call it `num_cells_y`).
*   **Cell Dimensions:** Each cell type should have its own set of parameters that define:
    *   `diameter` of the cell
    *   `height` of the cell
    *   `wall_thickness` of the cap
    *   `cell_slack` (extra space around the cell for easy insertion/removal)
    *   `friction_winglet_width` width of the friction winglets (these keep the battery in place)
    *   `diameter_increment` small increment to diameter (for a slight taper)
    *   `grip_cavity_radius` radius of the grip cavities (for ease of use)
    *   `grip_cavity_depth` depth of the grip cavities (0 for no grip cavities)
*   **Spacing:** There should be a `space_between_instances` parameter that allows for a small space between grids if I want to print multiple sets.
*   **Friction Winglets:** These should be included to hold the batteries in place. The design in the link I've provided does the friction winglets well, I would like it to be as close to that design as possible (link is below). The winglets should be oriented correctly based on cell position.
*   **Grip Cavities:** These should be on the outer edges of the array to help when picking up a full cell-holder. These should be on the outside only (i.e. only for the outer-most cells). If it's a single cell holder, there should be no cavities. If its a 2x2 array, all four corners should have grip cavities. These should be on all sides of the array.
*   **Internal Cavities:** The internal cavities should all connect so that you can access the batteries in the middle.
*   **Customizer:** I would like to be able to set number of cells in each direction, X, and Y, `num_cells_x` and `num_cells_y`.
* **Instances:** I would like the design to have a parameter to offset the design in X and Y, `offset_x` and `offset_y` - this will assist in creating multi-instance prints.

I'm not too picky about exact naming, as long as its clear. Please keep in mind that my intent is to print this, so tolerances are key. I'd like to generate a full array with 16 cells (4x4) of various types.

The link to the original design is https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:137582/files .

Let me know if you need more details.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
cellcapsV2_2.scad:
```
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
///  CellCaps - storage caps for single cell cylindrical batteries,
///             such as e.g. AA, AAA, C, D, 18650
///
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///
///  2013-08-21 Heinz Spiess
///
///  released under Creative Commons - Attribution - Share Alike licence
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/* Cells */
// Number of cells in the Y direction.
M = 1;  //[0,1,2,3,4]
// Number of cells in the X direction.
N = 2; // [0,1,2,3,4]

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Space between instances
Space = 5;

// Parameters (w. values for AA cell)
//D = 14.5; // diameter
//H = 8;    // height
//W = 2.5;  // wall thickness
//S = 1;    // extra slack between cells
//F = 1.13; // width of friction winglets
//DI = 0.5; // diameter increment
//G = 20;   // radius of "grip" cavities
//GD = 1.8; // "grip" depth (0=no grip)

//N:  Number of cells in x-direction
//M:  Number of cells in y-direction
//PX:  Offset position in x-direction (no. of instances), usually 0
//PY:  Offset position in y-direction (no. of instances), usually 0

///  AA Cell
module AA_Caps(N=4, M=1, PX=0, PY=0){
    CellCaps(N, M, PX, PY, D=14.5, H=8, W=2.5, S=1, F=1.13, DI=0.5, G=20, GD=1.8);
}

///  AAA Cell
module AAA_Caps(N=4, M=1, PX=0, PY=0){
    CellCaps(N, M, PX, PY, D=10.5, H=7, W=2.3, S=1.2, F=1.13, DI=0.5, G=18, GD=1.1);
}

///  C Cell
module C_Caps(N=4, M=1, PX=0, PY=0){
    CellCaps(N, M, PX, PY, D=26.2, H=7, W=2.8, S=1.2, F=1.8, DI=0.5, G=36, GD=2.8);
}

///  D Cell
module D_Caps(N=4, M=1, PX=0, PY=0){
    CellCaps(N, M, PX, PY, D=34.2, H=7, W=2.8, S=1.2, F=1.8, DI=0.5, G=50, GD=3.5);
}

///  18650 LiIon/LiPo Cell
module 18650_Caps(N=4, M=1, PX=0, PY=0){
    CellCaps(N, M, PX, PY, D=18.5, H=9, W=2.8, S=1, F=1.5, DI=0.5, G=28, GD=2.2);
}

module CellCaps(N,M,PX,PY,D,H,W,S,F,DI,G,GD){

// position cell caps for multiple instances
translate([PX*(N*(D+S)+2*W+Space),PY*(M*(D+S)+2*W+Space),0]){

  // friction winglets
  for(m=[0:1:M])translate([0,(m-0.5)*(D+S),0])for(n=[0:1:N]){
    translate([(n-0.5)*(D+S),0,0])for(x=[-1,+1])for(y=[-1,+1])
    rotate(a=(1+x+2*y)*45){
       if(((n>0 && n<N) &&(m>0 && m<M))
         ||(n==0 && m>0 && m<M && x==-1 && y==-1)
         ||(n==N && m>0 && m<M && x==-1 && y==1)
         ||(m==0 && n>0 && n<N && x==1 && y==-1)
         ||(m==M && n>0 && n<N && x==1 && y==1)
           ){
       hull(){
         translate([-0.9*F,D/6-0.1,W])cube([F,0.1,H/2]);
         translate([-F,D/6-0.1,W+H/2])cube([F+0.2,0.28*D,0.1]);
         translate([-0.7*F,D/6-0.1,W+H/2])cube([F-0.2,0.32*D,0.1]);
       }
       hull(){
         translate([-0.7*F,D/6-0.1,W+H/2])cube([F-0.2,0.32*D,0.1]);
         translate([-F,D/6-0.1,W+H/2])cube([F+0.2,0.28*D,0.1]);
         translate([-0*F,D/6-0.1,W+H-0.75])cube([F,0.28*D,0.1]);
         translate([0.2*F,D/6-0.1,W+H-0.1])cube([0.4*F,0.32*D,0.1]);
       }
       }
    }
  }

  // main body
  difference(){
    // outer hull
    hull(){
      for(m=[0:1:M-1])for(n=[0:1:N-1]){
        // lower edge
        translate([n*(D+S),m*(D+S),0])cylinder(r=D/2+2*W/3,h=0.1);
	// main part
        translate([n*(D+S),m*(D+S),W/2])cylinder(r=D/2+W,h=H);
	// upper edge
        translate([n*(D+S),m*(D+S),W+H-0.1])cylinder(r=D/2+W/2,h=0.1);
      }
    }

    for(m=[0:1:M-1])for(n=[0:1:N-1]){
      // main cavity
      translate([n*(D+S),m*(D+S),W])cylinder(r1=D/2+DI/2,r2=D/2,h=2*H/3+0.1);
      translate([n*(D+S),m*(D+S),W+2*H/3])cylinder(r2=D/2+DI,r1=D/2,h=H/3+0.1);
      // cavity  for plus pole
      translate([n*(D+S),m*(D+S),W/2])cylinder(r=D/4,h=H+1);
    }

    // outer "grip" cavities in x-direction
    if(N>1)for(n=[0:1:N-2]){
      for(y=[-1,1]){
        translate([(n+0.5)*(D+S),y*(((y>0)?(M-1)*(D+S):0)+D/2+G/2+W-GD),-0.1])cylinder(r1=G/2+W/3,r2=G/2,h=W/2+0.2);
        translate([(n+0.5)*(D+S),y*(((y>0)?(M-1)*(D+S):0)+D/2+G/2+W-GD),W/2])cylinder(r=G/2,h=H+0.5*W);
        translate([(n+0.5)*(D+S),y*(((y>0)?(M-1)*(D+S):0)+D/2+G/2+W-GD),H+W/2-0.1])cylinder(r1=G/2,r2=G/2+W/3,h=W/2+0.2);
      }
    }

    // outer "grip" cavities in y-direction
    if(M>1)for(m=[0:1:M-2]){
      for(x=[-1,1]){
        translate([x*(((x>0)?(N-1)*(D+S):0)+D/2+G/2+W-GD),(m+0.5)*(D+S),-0.1])cylinder(r1=G/2+W/3,r2=G/2,h=W/2+0.2);
        translate([x*(((x>0)?(N-1)*(D+S):0)+D/2+G/2+W-GD),(m+0.5)*(D+S),W/2])cylinder(r=G/2,h=H+0.5*W);
        translate([x*(((x>0)?(N-1)*(D+S):0)+D/2+G/2+W-GD),(m+0.5)*(D+S),H+W/2-0.1])cylinder(r1=G/2,r2=G/2+W/3,h=W/2+0.2);
      }
    }

    // connect inner cavities in x-direction
    for(m=[0:1:M-1])translate([0,-D/3+m*(D+S),W+0.5])cube([(N-1)*(D+S),2*D/3,H+1]);

    // connect inner cavities in y-direction
    for(n=[0:1:N-1])translate([-D/3+n*(D+S),0,W+0.5])cube([2*D/3,(M-1)*(D+S),H+1]);
  }
  /*
  for(m=[0:1:M-1])translate([0,m*(D+S),0])for(n=[0:1:N-2]){
    translate([n*(D+S),0,0])for(A=[0,1])
    rotate(a=A*180){
       hull(){
         translate([-A*(D+S)+D/2-0.9*F,-D/3-0.1,W])cube([F,0.1,H/2]);
         translate([-A*(D+S)+D/2-0.9*F,-D/3-0.1,W+H/2])cube([F+0.2,0.25*D,0.1]);
       }
       hull(){
         translate([-A*(D+S)+D/2-0.9*F,-D/3-0.1,W+H/2])cube([F+0.2,0.25*D,0.1]);
         translate([-A*(D+S)+D/2-0*F,-D/3-0.1,W+H-0.1])cube([F,0.25*D,0.1]);
       }
    }
  }
  */
}
}

for(x=[0:1:0]) for(y=[0:1:0]) {
//AAA_Caps(N=2,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
//AAA_Caps(N=3,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
//AAA_Caps(N=4,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
//AAA_Caps(N=2,M=2,PX=x,PY=y);
//AAA_Caps(N=4,M=6,PX=x,PY=y);

//AA_Caps(N=2,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
//AA_Caps(N=3,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
//AA_Caps(N=4,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
AA_Caps(N,M,PX=x,PY=y);
//AA_Caps(N=6,M=4,PX=x,PY=y);

//C_Caps(N=2,M=1,PX=x,PY=y); // not yet tested!
//C_Caps(N=3,M=1,PX=x,PY=y); // not yet tested!
//C_Caps(N=4,M=1,PX=x,PY=y); // not yet tested!

//D_Caps(N=2,M=1,PX=x,PY=y); // not yet tested!
//D_Caps(N=3,M=1,PX=x,PY=y); // not yet tested!
//D_Caps(N=4,M=1,PX=x,PY=y); // not yet tested!

//18650_Caps(N=2,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
//18650_Caps(N=3,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
//18650_Caps(N=4,M=1,PX=x,PY=y);
//18650_Caps(N=2,M=2,PX=x,PY=y);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design an SD and microSD card holder, and I'd like it to be parametric in OpenSCAD. I've seen a few designs around, but I want something very customizable.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Card Slots:** I'd like to specify the number of rows of card slots. Each row should have one SD card slot and one microSD card slot.
*   **SD Card Orientation:** It should be possible to choose if the SD cards are stored horizontally or vertically within their slots. MicroSD cards always store vertically.
*   **Box and Lid:** I need to be able to specify whether to generate just a box, just a lid, or both. The lid should be designed to fit snugly on the box, with a small tolerance for easy removal. I don't need anything fancy like a latch - just a simple friction fit.

For the dimensions, let's start with what the existing design uses, with the ability to parameterize those too, if possible. I'm not sure all of these should be parameters for the user to easily set, but here is the list:

*   **Lid Tolerance (lid\_tol):** This is the gap between the box and lid sides for a friction fit. Default is 0.1.
*   **Card Tolerance (sdtol):** Tolerance used to make sure the card fits in the slot. Default is 1.
*   **MicroSD Dimensions (msdx, msdy, msdz, msd\_in):** Should be specified to fit cards properly with the tolerance above. Initial values 11 + sdtol, 15, .76 + .75, and 11.5.
*   **SD Dimensions (sdx, sdy, sdz, sd\_in):** Varies depending on card orientation and should be calculated based on the tolerance above. If horizontal, 32 + sdtol, 24, and 2 + sdtol/2, and 19 depth. If vertical, these should be 24 + sdtol, 32, and 2 + sdtol/2, and 25 depth.
*   **SD Placement Parameters (sdgap, sd\_xoff, sd\_yoff):** These control the spacing of the cards, and spacing from edges of the box. Initial values are 5, 3, 5 respectively.
*   **MicroSD Placement Parameters (msd\_xoff, msdgap):** Initial values 3 and sdgap respectively.
*   **Box Dimensions (box\_x, box\_y, box\_z, box\_r):** Should be computed based on all of the above. box\_x should be based on card widths and offsets. box\_y should be based on the number of rows and slot spacing. box\_z should be based on card height. box\_r is a corner radius for the box. Initial values should be computed and can be defaulted based on all the other parameters; the default box\_r is 2.2.
*   **Ledge Height (ledge\_ht):** Measured down from the top of the box, initial value 5.
*   **Lid Height (lid\_z):** Should be calculated based on the ledge height, card depth, and to clear inserted cards by 1mm min.
*  **Lid Thickness (lid_thk):** Initial value 1.5.
*   **Ledge Width (ledge\_wid):** Width of the ledge the lid sits on, Initial value 0.75 + lid\_tol.

It would be great if you could provide a single .scad file or multiple .scad files as appropriate, with all these parameters adjustable. Can you do that? I'm fine if you want to use libraries to make things simpler. And you don't have to copy my exact formatting of all the bullet points above, I was just trying to make things as clear as possible.

[Assistant]
SD_and_MSD_card_holder_RC1.scad:
```
// SD and microSD card holder Customizer - by Robert Wallace - Oct 2019

// Generate a box (and corresponding lid) for storing SD cards
//   -- user-specified: number of card slots
//   -- user-specified: orientation of SD cards (horiz or vert)
//   -- user-specified: generate box or lid or both

// 1 - 50.  There will be one SD slot and one microSD slot per row
number_of_card_slot_rows = 7; //1:50

// Which way to cut the slots for SD card storage
SD_card_orientation = "Horizontal"; //[Horizontal,Vertical]

// make the storage box object
generate_box = "Yes"; //[Yes,No]

// Make a lid to fit the box
generate_lid = "Yes"; //[Yes,No]

module fake_news()  // encountering any module stops customizer from further customizing
{
}

// translate custimizer entries into parameters used in the code
num_sd = (number_of_card_slot_rows < 0 ||   // if out of range, give 'em 7
         number_of_card_slot_rows > 50) ?
         7 :
         number_of_card_slot_rows;    // number of sd card slots to cut (microsd, too)

sd_horiz = (SD_card_orientation == "Horizontal") ? 1 : 0; // set to 1 for horizontal
                                                     // placement of SD cards

make_box = (generate_box == "Yes" || generate_box == "YES") ? 1 : 0;   // slotted-box
make_lid = (generate_lid == "Yes" || generate_lid == "YES") ? 1 : 0;   // lid

if(make_box == 0 && make_lid == 0)
{
linear_extrude(height = 3)
text("Please choose box and/or lid.");
}
// Here be Dragons!
//
// Note there are almost more lines of parameter set-up than object generation code

// You can change these, but even I don't remember what they all do, so...

lid_tol = .1; // a little gap between base and lid sides so lid will fit
sdtol = 1;     // -- and so the cards will fit, too

//microSD slot dimensions -- exact card dim plus tolerance
msdx = 11 + sdtol;   // msd card width + tolerance
msdy = 15;           // cards always stored vertically - no tolerance needed
msdz = .76 + .75;    // msd card thickness + tolerance
msd_in = 11.5;       // msd slot depth - no tolerance needed

// SD dimensions - slot dimensions based on horizontal or vertical orientation
sdx = (sd_horiz) ? 32 + sdtol : 24 + sdtol;  // SD slot x dim placed vert or horiz
sdy = (sd_horiz) ? 24 : 32;     // Y has no tolerance -it's the open vertical direction
sdz = 2 + sdtol/2;              // thickness of SD card slot
sd_in = (sd_horiz) ? 19 : 25;   // depth of SD slot (horizontal or vertical orientation)

// SD placement parameters  (as tuned for my preference)
// Note: gap between SD and mSD slots is determined programatically - see msd_xoff
sdgap = 5.0;    // space between cards (vertical)
sd_xoff = 3;    // space between SD cards and left side of box
sd_yoff = 5;    // space between bottom card and bottom of box

msd_xoff = 3;  // msd slots will be offset from right side of box

msdgap = sdgap;// + msdz;

// box of slots - dimensions are for the part of the box "inside" the
//                base that forms the ledge for the lid to rest upon

box_x = sdx + msdx + sd_xoff + sd_yoff + 1;  // box x based on card widths and offsets
box_y = num_sd * (sdz + sdgap) + sd_yoff;    // box y based on num_sd (card count)
box_z = sd_in + 1.5;                         // box z based on card ht and floor thk
box_r = 2.2; //1.5;                          // 4 corners roundover radius

ledge_ht = 5;  // measured down from top of box
lid_z = ledge_ht + (sdy-sd_in) + 1;  // but needs to clear inserted cards by, min, 1mm
lid_thk = 1.5;

ledge_wid = .75 + lid_tol;  // the width of the ledge the lid sits on

orientation = (sd_horiz == 1) ? "horizontally" : "vertically";
echo("Card Slots",  num_sd, "SD Stored" ,orientation, "Box dimensions", x=box_x, y=box_y, z=box_z, r=box_r);

if(make_box)
 {
 difference()
  {
  // main box
  union()
   {
   box(box_x, box_y, box_z, box_r);
   base(box_x, box_y, box_z, box_r, ledge_wid);
   }  // end union

  // cut out slots
  for(sdc = [0 :  1 : num_sd - 1])
   {
   translate([sd_xoff,
              (sdc * (sdz + sdgap)) + sd_yoff,
              box_z - sd_in + .5])
    card_cutout(sdx, sdz, sd_in);
   translate([box_x - msd_xoff - msdx,
              (sdc * (sdz + msdgap)) + sd_yoff + (sdz/2 - msdz/2),
              box_z - msd_in + .5])
    card_cutout(msdx, msdz, msd_in);
   }  // end for(sdcount)
  }  // end difference
 }  // end if(make_box)

if(make_lid)
 {
 rotate([180,0,0]) // postions lid for printing
  translate([(box_x + 10) * make_box,-box_y,-(lid_z+lid_thk)]) // translate to azix for rotating
   lid(box_x, box_y, lid_z, box_r, ledge_wid, lid_thk);
 }  // end if(make_lid)

//** End of main generation

//**  Modules **//

// card_cutout() - generate a shape used to cut out the SD slots
//               -- there's also a wedge used to bevel the top leading and trailing edge
module card_cutout(ccx, ccy, ccz)
{
 // the block
cube([ccx, ccy, ccz - ccy/4]);

// the bevel
translate([0,ccy/2,ccz - (ccy) - .1])
 rotate([0,90,0])
rotate([0,0,90])
  linear_extrude(height = ccx)
   polygon([[0,0],[ccy+.35, ccy],[-ccy - .35, ccy],[0,0]]);
}

module box(x = 2,y = 3,z = 4,r = 3)
{
d=2*r;

translate([r,r,0])
hull()
 {
 translate([0, 0, 0]) cylinder(r=r, h=z-r, $fn=70);
 translate([x-d, 0, 0]) cylinder(r=r, h=z-r, $fn=70);
 translate([x-d, y-d, 0]) cylinder(r=r, h=z-r, $fn=70);
 translate([0, y-d, 0]) cylinder(r=r, h=z-r, $fn=70);

 translate([0, 0, z-r]) sphere(r=r, $fn=80);
 translate([x-d, 0, z-r]) sphere(r=r, $fn=80);
 translate([x-d, y-d, z-r]) sphere(r=r, $fn=80);
 translate([0, y-d, z-r]) sphere(r=r, $fn=80);
 }  // end hull()
}  // end module box()

module lid(x,y,z,r, edge, thk)  // currently a flat-topped lid
{
linear_extrude(height = z)
difference()
 {
 offset(r=edge)
  {
  projection()
   {
   box(x,y,z,r);
   }
  }

 offset(r=lid_tol/2)
  {
  projection()
   {
   box(x,y,z,r);
   }
  }  // end offset for lid tolerance
 } // end difference()

// stick on a lid
translate([0,0,z])
 linear_extrude(height = thk)  // parameterize the lid thickness
  offset(r=edge)
   {
   projection()
    {
    box(x,y,z,r);
    }
   }

// add inner rim to strengthen the connection between lid and walls
translate([0,0,z - 1.5])
 linear_extrude(height = 1.5)
  difference()
   {
   offset(r=edge)
    {
    projection()
     {
     box(x,y,z,r);
     }
    }

 offset(r=-1)
  {
  projection()
   {
   box(x,y,z,r);
   }
  }  // end offset for lid tolerance
 } // end difference()

}  // end module lid()

// base() -- generate base for box - a little larger than box so as to form ledge
module base(x,y,z,r, edge)
{
ledge_offset = 5;   // how far down from the top does the ledge appear

// make a projection of the box to offset for the lid and "base"
linear_extrude(height = z - ledge_offset)
 offset(r=edge)
  {
  projection()
   {
   box(x,y,z,r);
   }
  }
}
```


[User]
Hey there, I'm looking for some help designing a parametric cabinet or drawer handle in OpenSCAD. I've seen some designs out there, but want to be able to customize a few things that I didn't see elsewhere.

I want the handle to have a basic arc shape, and I'd like to be able to choose between a cylindrical and a spheroidal shape for the handle itself. I'll need parameters to set the overall length, how much of a cavity there is in the handle, how tall it is, how far it sticks out from the drawer (clearance), and how thick the handle itself is. I also want to control the thickness of a back mounting plate that will extend across the handle. It should have filleted edges as well, and I need a parameter for that radius.

I need to add screw holes, either one or two, and to set the distance between them. I also want to specify the screw diameter, hole length, and a tolerance amount for those screw holes.

Finally, I'd like to be able to add holes for nuts to go into, with parameters for how far to offset them from the back of the handle, the width of the nut across flats, the nut thickness, and a tolerance parameter for the nut holes. Also I need an option to create plugs for the nut holes.

It should allow me to select to output either the whole handle, a test piece for the sizing of the holes, or the nut hole plugs.

I think that should cover everything. Thanks in advance for the help!

[Assistant]
CabinetDrawerHandle-V2p1.scad:
```
/* Cabinet/Drawer Handle
   by Lyl3

Create a simple circular arc shaped handle for cabinets, cupboards, or drawers.

This code is published at:
https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3911914
licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution - Share Alike license (CC BY-SA 3.0)

V0.1 - basic working prototype with math worked out
V0.2 - filleted edges
V0.3 - added screw hole and nut hole
V0.4 - fine-tuning, set sane ranges for parameters
V0.5 - added tolerance parameters for the holes
V0.6 - fine-tuned ranges
V0.7 - added parameter and code to create test piece instead of whole handle.
V0.8 - added parameter and code to create nut hole plugs
V1.0 - removed the brim from the nut hole plugs
       ready for release
V1.1 - set resolution based on length of arc
V1.2 - fixed calcualtion for mount radius
V1.3 - mount plate extended across handle, option for single screw hole or two screw holes
V1.4 - fine-tuning the math, set sane parameter ranges
V1.5 - added "mount pillars" to the design, made code more efficient, fixed math bugs
V1.6 - simplified code using 2D instead of 3D for the handle profile
V1.7 - added spherical-shaped handle option, moved back of handle to XZ plane, simplifying transformations
V1.8 - backplate all the way across the back for spherical handles
V1.9 - scaled height to allow handles shaped like spheroid sections instead of spherical sections
V2.0 - used cavity length parameter for spheroidal handles
V2.1 - fixed documentation, default parameter values
*/

/* [Handle parameters] */

// Resolution of arcs and circles. Set this to a low value to speed up processing while adjusting parameters and previewing them. Set to 1 for creating an STL mesh to be printed. Set it greater than 1 if you have a fast processor and want a super smooth mesh.
resolution = 0.2; // [0.2:0.1:1.5]

// Type of handle: cylindrical or spheroidal
handleType = "cylindrical"; // [cylindrical,spheroidal]

// Part to create: whole handle, test piece for testing dimensions of holes, or nut hole plug(s) (to cover holes if handle will be mounted vertically)
createPart = "handle"; // [handle,test piece,nut hole plugs]
createTestPiece = (createPart=="test piece") ? true : false;
createNutHolePlugs = (createPart=="nut hole plugs") ? true : false;

// Length of the handle (mm)
handleLength = 124; // [30:0.1:300]

// Length of the cavity in the handle (mm)
cavityLength = 84; // [15:0.1:250]

// Height of the handle (oriented as it would be on a drawer) (mm)
handleHeight = 15; //[5:0.1:60]

// Depth of the handle (amount it protudes from the drawer or cupboard) (mm)
handleClearance = 25; // [20:0.1:50]

// Thickness of the handle (in the middle where you would grab it) (mm)
handleThickness = 5; // [3:0.1:15]

// Thickness of the back mounting plate (mm)
backplateThickness = 0; // [0:0.1:15]

// Radius of filleted edge (0 for no fillet) (mm)
fillet = 2; // [0:0.01:5]

/* [Screw Hole Parameters] */

// Number of screws
screwCount = 2; // [1:2]

// Distance between screws if two screws, ignored if only one screw (mm)
screwDistance = 95; // [1:0.1:250]

// Diameter of screw (mm). An M4 screw has a nominal diameter of 4 mm.
screwDiameter = 4; // [1:0.01:10]

// Length of screw hole (mm)
screwHoleLength = 8; // [2:0.1:25]

// Tolerance added to walls for the screw hole (mm). This is added to all sides of the hole: a screw diameter of 3 mm with tolerance of 0.05 mm would make the hole diameter 3.1 mm.
screwHoleTolerance = 0.05;  // [0:0.01:0.2]

screwHoleDiameter = screwDiameter + 2*screwHoleTolerance;
screwHoleDepth = screwHoleLength + screwHoleTolerance;

/* [Nut Hole Parameters] */

// Create holes for inserting nuts?
withNutHoles = "yes"; // [yes,no]
createNutHoles = (withNutHoles=="yes") ? true : false;

// Distance from back of handle to the hole for inserting a nut (mm)
nutHoleOffset = 2.2; // [1:0.1:25]

// Width of nut across flats (between parallel sides) (mm). The ANSI M4 nut specification maximum is 7.00 mm and the minimum is 6.78 mm. The default of 6.89 is the average.
nutWidth = 6.89; // [3:0.01:16]

// Thickness of nut (mm). The ANSI M4 nut specification maximum is 3.20 mm and the minimum is 2.90 mm. The default of 3.05 is the average.
nutThickness = 3.05; // [1:0.01:12]

// Tolerance added to walls for the nut hole (mm). This is added to all sides of the hole: a nut width of 6 mm with a tolerance of 0.15 mm would make the nut hole width 6.3 mm. It doesn't have to be a tight fit, so the tolerance can be a bit loose.
nutHoleTolerance = 0.15;  // [0:0.01:0.2]

nutHoleWidth = nutWidth + 2*nutHoleTolerance;
nutHoleHeight = nutThickness + 2*nutHoleTolerance;
nutHoleDepth = handleHeight/2+nutHoleWidth/sqrt(3)+nutHoleTolerance;

/* [Advanced] */

/* [Hidden] */
fudge = 0.0001; // Value added or subtracted to various values to ensure each part is a single manifold mesh
bigFudge = 5; // Large value to help debug boolean operations in conjunction with the debug modifer

/* Math references:
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_segment
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inscribed_angle
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions
*/
outerChord = handleLength;

outerRadiusActual = (handleClearance/2) + (outerChord*outerChord/8/handleClearance);

// Calculate the circle fragments based on the arc length and the  ratio of the arc to circumference
outerDiameter = 2*outerRadiusActual;
arcLength = (handleClearance < outerDiameter/2)
   ? PI/180 * asin(outerChord/outerDiameter) * outerDiameter
   : (PI - PI/180*asin(outerChord/outerDiameter)) * outerDiameter;
arcCircleRatio = arcLength / (outerDiameter * PI);
$fn = 100*resolution / arcCircleRatio;

outerRadius = outerRadiusActual - fillet;
innerRadius = outerRadiusActual - handleThickness + fillet;

sphereHandleHeight = sqrt( outerRadiusActual*outerRadiusActual - ((outerRadiusActual-handleClearance) * (outerRadiusActual-handleClearance))) ;
sphereHeightScale = handleHeight / sphereHandleHeight;

cutterCube = max(1,sphereHeightScale) * max(2*outerRadiusActual,handleHeight) + bigFudge; // Make cut cube large enough

echo("Outer chord:",outerChord, "\nOuter diameter:",outerDiameter, "\nHandle clearance:",handleClearance, "\nArc length:",arcLength, "\nArc circle ratio:",arcCircleRatio, "\nSphere Height Scale",sphereHeightScale, "\n$fn:",$fn);

/*
Module to create the 2D handle shape, centered at X=0
*/

module handle_profile() {
  translate([0,-outerRadius+handleClearance-fillet,0])
  difference() {  // Create the 2D handle shape.
    circle(outerRadius);  // outer circle
    intersection() {
      circle(innerRadius);  // inner circle
      square([cavityLength+2*fillet, cutterCube],center=true);  // cavity
          translate([0,outerRadius-handleClearance/2+backplateThickness-fudge,0])  // "negative" of back plate, fudge factor required when backplateThickness=0
            square([outerChord+bigFudge, handleClearance], center=true);
    }
    // Have it extended a little (the fillet radius) beyond where the final cut will be made later,
    // so that the minkowski function covers the area all the way to the sides.
    translate([-cutterCube/2,-cutterCube+outerRadiusActual-handleClearance-fillet,0]) square(cutterCube);
  }
}
// %linear_extrude(0.0001) handle_profile();

/*
Create the part(s)
*/
//color("SteelBlue")
if (createNutHolePlugs) {
  if (screwCount == 1) {
    translate([0,0,1]) cube([nutWidth,nutThickness,2],center=true);
  } else {
    translate([-nutWidth-1,-nutThickness/2,0]) cube([nutWidth,nutThickness,2]);
    translate([1,-nutThickness/2,0]) cube([nutWidth,nutThickness,2]);
  }
}
else
{
  translate([0,-handleClearance/2,fillet])
  difference() {
      if (handleType == "spheroidal") {
        union() {
          intersection() { // Create the backplate shaped to the spheroid
            translate([0,handleClearance-outerRadiusActual,0]) scale([1,1,sphereHeightScale]) sphere(outerRadiusActual-handleThickness/2);
            translate([-cutterCube/2,0,-fillet]) cube([cutterCube, backplateThickness, cutterCube]);
          }
          intersection() { // Create the spheroidal shape
            translate([0,handleClearance-outerRadiusActual,0]) scale([1,1,sphereHeightScale]) difference() {
              sphere(outerRadiusActual);
                intersection() {
                  sphere(outerRadiusActual-handleThickness);
                  cube([cavityLength, cutterCube, cutterCube],center=true);
                }
            }
            translate([-cutterCube/2,0,0]) cube([cutterCube, cutterCube, cutterCube]);
          }
          intersection() { // Create the filleted edge on the bottom
            minkowski() {
              linear_extrude(0.001) handle_profile();
              sphere(fillet,$fn=30*resolution);
            }
            translate([-cutterCube/2,0,-fillet]) cube([cutterCube, cutterCube, fillet]);
          }
        }
      } else {
    // Create the filleted handle
    minkowski() {
      linear_extrude(handleHeight - 2*fillet) handle_profile();
      sphere(fillet,$fn=30*resolution);
      }
    }
    // cut away material added by fillet at the back of the handle
    translate([-cutterCube/2,-cutterCube,-cutterCube/2+handleHeight/2-fillet]) cube(cutterCube);
    // cut out the screw hole(s)
    if (screwCount == 1) {
      translate([0,0,handleHeight/2-fillet]) rotate([-90,0,0]) cylinder(h=screwHoleDepth+fudge, d=screwHoleDiameter);
    } else {
      translate([-screwDistance/2,0,handleHeight/2-fillet]) rotate([-90,0,0]) cylinder(h=screwHoleDepth+fudge, d=screwHoleDiameter);
      translate([screwDistance/2,0,handleHeight/2-fillet]) rotate([-90,0,0]) cylinder(h=screwHoleDepth+fudge, d=screwHoleDiameter);
    }
    // cut out the nut holes
    if (createNutHoles) {
      if (screwCount == 1) {
        translate([-nutHoleWidth/2,nutHoleOffset,-fillet-fudge]) cube([nutHoleWidth,nutHoleHeight,nutHoleDepth]);
      } else {
        translate([-screwDistance/2-nutHoleWidth/2,nutHoleOffset,-fillet-fudge]) cube([nutHoleWidth,nutHoleHeight,nutHoleDepth]);
        translate([screwDistance/2-nutHoleWidth/2,nutHoleOffset,-fillet-fudge]) cube([nutHoleWidth,nutHoleHeight,nutHoleDepth]);
      }
    }
    // create test piece: cut away all other volume from 3 mm to the right of the nuthole and 4 mm in front of the mount plate
    if (createTestPiece) {
      if (screwCount == 1) {
        translate([nutWidth/2+3,-cutterCube/2,-cutterCube/2]) cube(cutterCube);
      } else {
        translate([-screwDistance/2+nutWidth/2+3,-cutterCube/2,-cutterCube/2]) cube(cutterCube);
      }
      translate([-cutterCube/2,backplateThickness+4,-cutterCube/2]) cube(cutterCube);
    }
  }
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a customizable curtain rod finial, and I'd like it to be parametric. It should have a few main components: a mounting socket, a series of decorative rings, and a ball-shaped end with blades.

For the mounting socket, I need to be able to specify the inner diameter (for the curtain rod itself), the depth of the socket, and the outer diameter of the cylinder that the rings attach to. I also need an option for set screws to hold it to the rod, either 0, 1, or 2 screws. If two screws are selected, they should be 90 degrees apart. The set screws should go into the main mounting cylinder from the side, not the top.

Then, there should be a series of rings around the mounting cylinder. I want to control the outer diameter of the rings, the width of the rings, and the number of rings. They should be evenly spaced along the length of the mounting cylinder, or close to evenly spaced.

Finally, the ball end should have a diameter that I can set, and I also want to control the width and thickness of the blades within the ball. It should have 8 blades, equally spaced and coming out from the center.  The rings should be connected smoothly to the sphere part.

I think I'd like to control the number of facets on the sphere and the number of facets on the cylinder type shapes, just to control quality.

Could you please create this for me? I'm thinking I'd like to use the default OpenSCAD library, and not any external libraries if that's possible. I think I've given you all the parameters I would like but let me know if something else would be helpful!

[Assistant]
finial-1.scad:
```
/* [Ball end dimensions] */
// Outside diameter of ball
Ball_Dia = 50; // [30:60]
// Width of the blades in the ball
Ball_Wid = 6;	// [4:10]
// Thickness of the blades in the ball
Ball_Thk = 2.5;	// [1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5]

/* [Rod mount details] */
// OD of rod = inside diameter of finial
Rod_Dia =16.6;
// Depth of socket in finial
Rod_Depth = 19;
// Outside diameter of mounting cylinder
Mount_OD = 24;
// Diameter of external rings
Ring_OD = 28;
// Ring width
Ring_Wid = 4;
// Number of rings
Ring_Num = 3;
// Retaining screws - if 2 they are at 90 degrees
Screws = 2;	// [0:2]
// Core diameter of screw = hole size
Screw_Dia = 2.5;

/* [Quality] */
// Used for ball end circles
Ball_fn = 60;	// [6:200]
// Default facets used for other features
Facets = 40;	// [6:100]

/* [Hidden] */
Ball_Cir = Ball_Dia/2-Ball_Thk;
$fn = Facets;

{
	union() {

		//Socket
		difference() {
			cylinder(d=Mount_OD,h=Rod_Depth+10);
			translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(d=Rod_Dia,h=Rod_Depth+1);
			translate([0,0,Rod_Depth-0.01]) cylinder(d1=Rod_Dia,d2=0,h=Rod_Dia/2);

			// Optional retaining screw
			if (Ring_Num<=3) {
				if (Screws>=1) translate([0,-20,(Rod_Depth+10)*0.5/Ring_Num+Ring_Wid/2]) rotate([270,0,0]) cylinder(d=Screw_Dia,h=20);
				if (Screws==2) translate([20,0,(Rod_Depth+10)*0.5/Ring_Num+Ring_Wid/2]) rotate([0,270,0]) cylinder(d=Screw_Dia,h=20);
				}
			else {
				if (Screws>=1) translate([0,-20,(Rod_Depth+10)*1.5/Ring_Num+Ring_Wid/2]) rotate([270,0,0]) cylinder(d=Screw_Dia,h=20);
				if (Screws==2) translate([20,0,(Rod_Depth+10)*1.5/Ring_Num+Ring_Wid/2]) rotate([0,270,0]) cylinder(d=Screw_Dia,h=20);
			}
		}

		// Rings on mounting cylinder
		for (i=[0:Ring_Num-1]) {
			translate([0,0,(Rod_Depth+10)*i/Ring_Num+Ring_Wid/2]) rotate_extrude() translate([Mount_OD/2,0,0]) circle(d=Ring_Wid);
		}

		// Ball
		translate([0,0,Rod_Depth+(Ball_Dia/2)+8]) {
			for (i=[0:45:135]) rotate([90,0,i]) difference() {
				translate([0,0,-Ball_Wid/2]) cylinder(d=Ball_Dia,h=Ball_Wid,$fn=Ball_fn);
				translate([0,0,-Ball_Wid/2-1]) cylinder(d=Ball_Dia-2*Ball_Thk,h=Ball_Wid+2,$fn=Ball_fn);
			}
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to have a set of parametric OpenSCAD files created to generate holders for round dies, specifically ones that fit into Milwaukee Packout cases, or the original Milwaukee bit cases. I'd like them to be similar in concept to the ones I've already designed, but I want them to be completely parametrically driven from scratch, so that they're easily customizable.

Here’s a breakdown of what I need:

**Die Compatibility:**

*   I need to support two main die sizes:
    *   Small dies, which are 5/8" across the flats and about 6.5mm thick
    *   Standard dies, which are 1" across the flats and about 9.2mm thick.
*   The design should allow for adjustments to the die width and thickness, probably using percentage-based scaling factors for both dimensions to account for manufacturing tolerances.
*   The dies should be held loosely, not tightly clamped - they’re meant to be held in place by neighboring holders.
*  I'd like for the holder to have slots so I can easily flip the holder up, and have a slot on the side so I can get the die out if needed.

**Holder Structure:**

*   The holder will be a rectangular body with slots to hold the dies.
*  The die slots should be hexagonal in shape to fit the dies.
*  The bottom of the die should sit at an adjustable position, to account for differing needs.
*   The overall height, width, and depth of the holder need to be easily adjusted.
*  The edges of the holder should have chamfers to reduce snagging.
*   The number of slots in each holder should also be a parameter.
*  I want to be able to adjust the finger slot size.
*   There should be a minimum edge thickness parameter for structural integrity.

**Connector:**

*   The holder should include cylindrical pins for pivoting, which need to connect to the Milwaukee Packout bins. These pins should be fully parametric.
*  I need to be able to control the length, diameter, and vertical position of the pins.
*   There needs to be a pair of semicircular catches on each side of the holder, which mate to notches in the Packout Bins to prevent the holder from falling out when in the open position. The diameter of these catches also needs to be parametric.

**Parameters Needed:**

Here’s a summary of all the parameters I can think of, which can all be adjustable within the OpenSCAD file:

*   `die_type`:  An enum or integer to select between small and standard dies.
*   `die_width_adj`: A scaling factor to adjust the die width.
*   `die_thickness_adj`: A scaling factor to adjust the die thickness.
*  `die_bottom_pos`: An offset to adjust where the bottom of the die sits relative to the bottom of the holder.
*   `num_slots`: Number of die slots in the holder.
*   `body_width`: Overall width of the holder.
*   `body_depth_adj`:  A scaling factor to adjust the holder’s depth.
*   `body_height`: Overall height of the holder.
*   `bottom_chamfer`: Amount to chamfer the corners at the bottom.
*   `bottom_thickness`: The thickness of material between the bottom of the bit slot and the bottom of the holder.
*   `slot_length`:  Length of the die slot.
*   `slot_width`: Width of the die slot.
*   `finger_width`: Width of the finger slot.
*   `min_edge`: Minimum wall thickness at the edge.
*   `total_pin_length`: Length of the cylindrical pivot pin.
*   `pin_dia`: Diameter of the cylindrical pivot pin.
*   `catch_dia`: Diameter of the semicircular catches.
*   `pin_height`: Height of the pin above the bottom of the holder.
*  `render_offset`: A small offset for boolean operations.

I believe that covers everything. I’d like for the files to be organized, well-commented, and use best practices. I think that's all I've got. Let me know if anything isn't clear.

Oh, and I don't want to use any external libraries for this project.

[Assistant]
Milwaukee_case_die_holders_V6.scad:
```
/************** BEST VIEWED IN A CODE EDITOR 80 COLUMNS WIDE *******************
*
* Milwaukee Die Holders
* Benjamen Johnson <workshop.electronsmith.com>
* 20191003
* Version 6
* openSCAD Version: 2019.05
*******************************************************************************/

/*******************************************************************************
*
*   ---      -----  -----
*  |   |   /       \    |
*  |   |  /         \   | <- die_width
*  |   |  \         /   |
*  |   |   \       /    |
*   ---     -----  -----
*  |   |
*  |   | <- die_thickness
*
*******************************************************************************/
/*[Hidden]*/
die_width_array = [16.2,25.4];
die_thickness_array = [6.5,9.2];
num_slot_array = [5,3];
die_bottom_pos_array = [0,3]; //3 for 5/8" dies
body_depth_array = [11,12];

/*[Die Parameters]*/
//Dummy variable to fix Customizer
dummy = 1;

// type or size of die
die_type = 1; //[0:Small Die (5/8-in), 1:Standard Die (1-in)]

// Die width adjustment (ex, 1.01 would be 101% of fixed width)
die_width_adj = 1;

// Width of dies across the flats
die_width = die_width_array[die_type] * die_width_adj;

// array of slot widths
num_slots = num_slot_array[die_type];

// Die thickness adjustment (ex, 0.99 would be 99% of fixed thickness )
die_thickness_adj = 1;

// Thickness of the die
die_thickness = die_thickness_array[die_type] * die_thickness_adj;

// Width of dies across the points
die_width_pt_to_pt = die_width/sin(60);

/*[Holder Parameters]*/
/*******************************************************************************
*    /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\  < ---- bits
*   -------------------------------  --
*  |                               |  body_height
*  |                               |
*   -------------------------------  --
*  |< ------- body_width --------->|
*   -------------------------------  --
*  | X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  |  body_depth
*   -------------------------------  --
*
*  || <- min_edge
*   -----------
*  | --- | --- | --
*  ||   |||   ||  slot_width
*  | --- | --- | --
*   -----------
*         |   | <- slot_length (I know these seem backward in 2D)
*
*******************************************************************************/
// adjust height of holder
height_adjustment = 0;

// figure out where the bottom of the die sits
die_bottom_pos = die_bottom_pos_array[die_type]+height_adjustment;

// how much to chamfer the ends
bottom_chamfer = 5;

// how much material to leave at the bottom of the bit slots
bottom_thickness = sqrt(pow(bottom_chamfer,2)/2) + die_bottom_pos;

// width of the holder body
body_width = 82.5 ; // 82.5

// adjust the body depth (ex, 1.01 would be 101% of fixed depth)
body_depth_adj = 1;

// depth of holder
body_depth = body_depth_array[die_type] * body_depth_adj;

// height of holder
body_height = die_width + bottom_thickness;

// length of slot (side to side)
slot_length = die_width;

// width of the bit slot (front to back)
slot_width = die_thickness;

//width of the finger slot
finger_width = die_width - 5;

// minimum wall thickness at the edge of the holder
min_edge = 1;

/*[Connector Parameters]*/
/*******************************************************************************
*     -------------------------------
*   -| X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  |-
*     -------------------------------
*  | <------ total_pin_length -------->|
*
*             -------
*        --  |---O---|  o <- pin_dia (diamter of pivot pin)
* pin_height |   |   |
*            |   |   |    <- catch_dia (diameter of the semicircular catches)
*        --   -------
******************************************************************************/
// Length of cylinder passing through the holder that it rotates on
total_pin_length = 88; // 88

// diameter of the above cylinder
pin_dia = 4.5; // 4.5

// diameter of the semicircular catches
catch_dia = 2.5;

// pin distance from the bottom of holder;
pin_height = 10;

/*[Expert]*/
// add a slight offset to cuts to make model render properly
render_offset = 0.01; //0.005

difference(){

    // make the basic holder
    MilwaukeeHolder();

    //calculations for positioning the slots
    width2= body_width - 2 * min_edge;
    step = width2 /(num_slots);
    start = -width2/2+step/2;
    end = width2/2;

    for (x=[start:step:end]){
        // cut the slots for the discs
        translate([x,0,-(body_height-die_width_pt_to_pt)/2+bottom_thickness])rotate([90,30,0])cylinder(d=die_width_pt_to_pt, die_thickness, center=true, $fn=6);
        translate([x,0,bottom_thickness+die_width_pt_to_pt/2])cube([die_width,die_thickness,body_height],center=true);

        // cut the finger holes
        translate([x,-4,(2/3)*die_width+bottom_thickness])cube([finger_width,die_thickness,body_height],center=true);
        translate([x,-4,-body_height/2+(2/3)*die_width+bottom_thickness])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=slot_width, d=finger_width, center=true, $fn=50);
        }//end for

}//end difference

module MilwaukeeHolder(){

    // calculate where to put the pin
    pin_pos = - body_height/2+pin_height;

    difference(){
        union(){
            // Form the main body
            cube([body_width,body_depth,body_height],center = true);

            // form the pivot pins
            translate([0,0,pin_pos])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(d=pin_dia,h=total_pin_length,center=true,$fn=50);

            //form the horizontal catches
            translate([body_width/2,0,pin_pos])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(d=catch_dia,h=body_depth,center=true,$fn=50);
            translate([-body_width/2,0,pin_pos])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(d=catch_dia,h=body_depth,center=true,$fn=50);

            //form the vertical catches
            translate([body_width/2,0,0])rotate([0,0,0])cylinder(d=catch_dia,h=body_height,center=true,$fn=50);
            translate([-body_width/2,0,0])rotate([0,0,0])cylinder(d=catch_dia,h=body_height,center=true,$fn=50);
        } // end union

        //cut off bottom corners
        translate([(body_width+catch_dia)/2,0,-body_height/2])rotate([0,45,0])cube([bottom_chamfer,body_depth+render_offset,bottom_chamfer],center=true);
        translate([-(body_width+catch_dia)/2,0,-body_height/2])rotate([0,45,0])cube([bottom_chamfer,body_depth+render_offset,bottom_chamfer],center=true);
        translate([0,-body_depth/2,-body_height/2])rotate([45,0,0])cube([body_width+render_offset, bottom_chamfer ,bottom_chamfer],center=true);
        translate([0,body_depth/2,-body_height/2])rotate([45,0,0])cube([body_width+render_offset, bottom_chamfer ,bottom_chamfer],center=true);

    }//end difference
} // end module
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a custom iPad holder designed, and I think OpenSCAD is the way to go. I've got an existing design that's pretty close to what I need, but I'd like a fully parametric version from scratch, mostly to make it easier to understand and modify in the future. I've attached the original .scad file for reference.

Basically, it should be a bracket that holds an iPad (or really any tablet) in either landscape or portrait orientation, with the option to attach to a tripod in two different ways: either with a screw mount (1/4-20 screw), or using a wedge-style tripod mount. I want the dimensions to be fully adjustable, so I can modify it for different devices and different tripod attachments.

Here's the breakdown of what I'm thinking:

**Core Structure:**

*   The holder is essentially a box that the tablet fits into. It should have adjustable parameters for:
    *   `iPadLength`: The length (or width, depending on landscape/portrait) of the tablet + case in mm.
    *   `iPadThickness`: The thickness of the tablet + case in mm.
    *   `iPadZ`: The height the box comes up, gripping the tablet, in mm.
    *   `iPadRadius`: The radius of the curved corners of the tablet/case, in mm.
    *   `wallThickness`: The thickness of the holder's wall, in mm.
    *   `fingerThickness`: The thickness of the lip that comes over the front of the tablet, in mm.
    *   `iPadClearance`: Extra space around the tablet for a snug fit, in mm.
    *    `baseHeight`: The height of the base of the holder, in mm.

*   There should be a cutout on the "front" of the holder, so you can see the tablet screen. This cutout should also be parametric based on `iPadLength`, `iPadZ`, `fingerThickness`, and `wallThickness`, and `iPadRadius`.

**Tripod Attachment Options:**

*   **Screw Mount:**
    *   Option to select "Screw" for the `attachment` variable.
    *   There should be a hole for a standard 1/4-20 tripod screw. The actual screw would need to be user supplied.
    *   The design should include a place to drop in a 13mm nut so the screw can be tightened.
*   **Wedge Mount:**
    *   Option to select "Wedge" for the `attachment` variable.
    *   The design should include a parametric wedge shape to match a typical quick-release tripod plate.  Here are the parameters to make this happen:
        *    `capHeight`: The height of the top square plate of the tripod attachment.
        *    `capWidth`: The width of the top square plate of the tripod attachment.
        *    `capLength`: The length of the top square plate of the tripod attachment.
        *    `totalHeight`: The total combined height of the square plate and the wedge.
        *    `wedgeTopWidth`: The narrowest dimension of the bottom wedge.
        *    `wedgeWidth`: The widest dimension of the bottom wedge.
        *    `wedgeLength`: The length of the bottom wedge.

**Additional Details:**

*   I'd like an `attachment` variable so I can choose between "Wedge" and "Screw". This should be a user-selected parameter.
*   For the screw option, it should have a good sized screw base, enough to support a 1/4-20 screw and the nut to hold it. The size of the base should be dependent on holder thickness, so that the design remains robust even if the user specifies a very small `iPadThickness`.
*   I like the way the original does a small semi-circular undercut on the bottom - if you could include that, it would be great.

Could you provide a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files) that can create this holder with all these features? I don't have any existing MCAD or BOSL libraries.

[Assistant]
iPadMiniLandscapeAndCase.scad:
```
// iPadMiniLandscapeAndCase.scad - bracket to hold an iPadMini in its case in landscape orientation
//   with holes to take a nut, and a be screwed into a tripod.
// by David Phillip Oster  https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3913046  Version 1.1

/* [Global] */

/* [iPad] */

// long dimension of iPad + case in mm
iPadLength = 205;  // [60:1000]

// thickness of iPad + case in mm
iPadThickness = 14; // [4:50]

// How high the box should come up, gripping the iPad in mm
iPadZ = 64;   // [20:100]

// radius in mm of the left and right curve of the iPad in its case in mm
iPadRadius = 14;  // [0:40]

// wall thickness of case in mm.
wallThickness = 4;  // [1:10]

// "finger" thickness: amount front of case reaches over the ipad in mm.
fingerThickness = 6;  // [1:10]

// How does the mount attach to the tripod?
attachment = "Screw"; // [Wedge:Wedge,Screw:Screw]

/* [Screw] */

/* [Wedge] */

// "z" dimension of top square tripod connector plate in mm
capHeight = 3.95;   // [2:10]

// "x" dimension of top square plate in mm
capWidth = 51.84; // [20:100]

// "y" dimension of top square tipod connector plate in mm
capLength = 51.84; // [20:100]

// the sum of the height of the cap and the wedge in mm.
totalHeight = 13.3;  // [10:100]

// "x" narrowest dimension of bottom wedge plate in mm
wedgeTopWidth = 35;  // [20:100]

// "x" widest dimension of bottom wedge plate in mm
wedgeWidth = 43.1;  // [20:100]

// "y" widest dimension of bottom wedge plate in mm
wedgeLength = 43.8;  // [20:100]

/* [Hidden] */

// extra space around the iPad, so it will actially fit in mm.
iPadClearance = 0.5; // [0:2]

baseHeight = 8;

module tripodWedge() {
  // slide it so it's centered atop 0 at the correct height
  translate([-capWidth/2, -capLength/2, totalHeight - capHeight]){
    cube([capWidth, capLength, capHeight]);
  }

  // slide it so it's centered atop 0.
  translate([0, wedgeLength/2, 0]) {
    // flip it to the correct orientation
    rotate([90, 0, 0]) {
      // make 2D wedge 3D
      linear_extrude(height=wedgeLength) {
        // the wedge in 2D
        polygon([[0,0], [wedgeWidth/2, 0], [wedgeTopWidth/2, totalHeight - capHeight],
                 [-(wedgeTopWidth/2), (totalHeight -  capHeight)], [-wedgeWidth/2, 0]] );
      }
    }
  }
}

// No clearance needed since this comes from measuing the exiting attachment.

// Like cube([x, y, z], except round the corners in the x and y directions by radius r.
module roundedCube(x1, y1, z1, r1) {
  hull() {
    translate([r1, r1, 0]) {
        cylinder(r=r1, h=z1);
    }
    translate([x1-r1, r1, 0]) {
        cylinder(r=r1, h=z1);
    }

    translate([r1, y1-r1, 0]) {
        cylinder(r=r1, h=z1);
    }
    translate([x1-r1, y1-r1, 0]) {
        cylinder(r=r1, h=z1);
    }
  }
}

// the negative space the iPad will take.
module iPadModel() {
  effectiveLength = iPadLength+2*iPadClearance;
  effectiveThickness = iPadThickness+2*iPadClearance;
  translate([-effectiveLength/2, effectiveThickness/2, 0]) {
    rotate([90, 0, 0]) {
      roundedCube(effectiveLength, iPadZ*2, effectiveThickness, iPadRadius);
    }
  }
}

// Slices through the box, to create the "window" to see the iPad screen.
module iPadWindow() {
  translate([(fingerThickness+wallThickness)-(iPadLength/2), (iPadThickness  + 4*(fingerThickness+wallThickness)), 0]) {
    rotate([90, 0, 0]) {
      roundedCube(iPadLength-(2*(fingerThickness+wallThickness)), iPadZ*2-2*fingerThickness, 15*iPadThickness, iPadRadius);
    }
  }
}

// The actual iPad holder, before the cutout for the iPad.
module topHolder() {
  holderLength = 2*(wallThickness+iPadClearance) + iPadLength;
  holderThickness = 2*(wallThickness+iPadClearance) + iPadThickness;
  holderZ = iPadZ+baseHeight;
  translate([-holderLength/2, -holderThickness/2, 0]) {
    cube([holderLength, holderThickness, holderZ]);
  }
}

// Decorative really, a half-round undercut along most of the bottom of the base.
module undercut() {
  translate([-iPadLength, 0, 0]) {
    rotate([0, 90, 0]){
      cylinder(d=8, h=iPadLength*2);
    }
  }
}

// The full holder: the box, minus the iPad and its window plus either the wedge, or the screw support.
module holder() {
  holderThickness = 2*(wallThickness+iPadClearance) + iPadThickness;
  difference() {
  union() {
    difference() {
      topHolder();
      translate([0, 0, baseHeight]) {
        iPadModel();
      }
      translate([0, 0, baseHeight+2*wallThickness]) {
        iPadWindow();
      }
      undercut();
    }
    if (attachment == "Screw") {
      screwThickness = 13 + 2 * wallThickness;
      screwBaseThickness = holderThickness < screwThickness ? screwThickness : holderThickness;
      rotate([0, 0, 45/2]) {
        cylinder(d=screwBaseThickness, h=baseHeight, $fn=8);
      }
    } else if (attachment == "Wedge") {
      translate([0, 0, -(totalHeight - capHeight)]) {
        tripodWedge();
      }
    }
  }
  if (attachment == "Screw") {
      translate([0, 0, baseHeight-5]) {
        cylinder(d=13, h=15, $fn=6);
      }
      cylinder(r=3.5, h=baseHeight-5, $fn=20);
    }
  }
}

holder();

```