[User]
I'd like to design a hinged chess box, and I'm hoping you can help me generate the necessary OpenSCAD files. Here's what I'm looking for:

The box should be rectangular and will open up to become a chessboard. When closed, the chess pieces will be stored inside. The overall box should be customizable in size, particularly the length and height, and it should have adjustable wall thickness. The box should be composed of two identical halves, joined by a hinge. The hinge should consist of cylindrical posts and holes, designed to accommodate a piece of filament as a hinge pin. The hinge will also need to have finger cutouts to separate the two halves.

The chessboard itself should have a standard 8x8 grid of alternating squares. The size of each square should be based on the overall box length. I'd like the squares to have a configurable height, but it will likely be small. It should be possible to generate the board squares as a separate color, so I can use multi-material printing. Also the board should be printed flush on the box, and the box's inside will be hollowed out, so it will act as the storage area when closed.

Finally, the box should include friction latches to hold it closed. These latches should be designed so that when the box is open, the latches keep the chessboard level. I'm thinking the latches should be able to be configured for their tightness (though a default tightness should be good for a first pass).

I'm hoping you can create a parametric design so that I can easily change these parameters, such as overall size, wall thickness, hinge dimensions, and latch tightness. Please generate the OpenSCAD file (or files) with comments describing how the different parameters work. I don't need separate files for each part - just one or more files that describe how to generate the box, chessboard, hinge, and latches. I would like to rely on base OpenSCAD libraries only, no need to use BOSL or other libraries. Thanks!

[Assistant]
chessbox.scad:
```
$fn = 100;

// 0 for chessbox, 1 for 2nd color chessboard squares
onlyChessboardColor2 = 0;

// (mm) How big the box will be square (< build area)
boxLength = 224.0;

// (mm) How tall the box will be
boxHeight = 22.0;

// (mm) Thickness of box walls
wallThickness = 3.0;

// How pieces for hinge (even number required)
hingeDivNum = 8.0;

// (mm) How tall the chessboard squares should be
chessboardHeight = 1.5;

// (mm) Diameter of the hinge hole (works for piece of filament)
hingeHoleDiameter=2.6;

// (mm) Diameter of the hinge
hingeDiameter=wallThickness*2;

// (mm) Tolerance - leave it alone or may not all fit together
tol = 0.5;

if ( onlyChessboardColor2 == 0 ) box();
else chessboard(1);

module box() {
    width = boxLength/2.0;
    hingeDivLength = (boxLength/hingeDivNum);
    hingeRadius = hingeDiameter/2.0;

    difference () {
        union() {
            difference() {
                //  Box
                translate([0, 0, 0])
                    cube([width,boxLength,boxHeight]);

                // cutout inside of box
                translate([wallThickness, wallThickness, wallThickness])
                    cube([width-wallThickness*2, boxLength-wallThickness*2, boxHeight]);

                // cutout chessboard area of box
                translate([0, 0, 0])
                    cube([width, boxLength, chessboardHeight]);
            }

            // Add Chessboard color 1 squares (same as box)
            chessboard(0);

            // Add hinge cylinder
            translate([-tol, 0, boxHeight+tol]) rotate([-90,0,0])
                 cylinder(d=hingeDiameter, h=boxLength);

            addLatches();
        }

        // Cutout hinge center hole and fingers in hinge
        translate([-tol, 0, boxHeight+tol]) rotate([-90,0,0]) {

            // cutout hinge center hole
            cylinder(d=hingeHoleDiameter, h=boxLength+tol);

            // Cutout fingers in hinge
            for ( i = [0:2:hingeDivNum-1] ) {
                y = hingeDivLength*i - tol/2.0;
                translate([0, 0, y])
                    cylinder(d=hingeDiameter+tol*3, h=hingeDivLength+tol);
            }
        }
    }
}

module addLatches()
{
    latchHeight = hingeDiameter/2.0+boxHeight+tol;
    latchLength = (boxLength-(wallThickness*2.0))/10.0;

    latchYPos1 = wallThickness+latchLength*1.5+tol;
    latchYPos2 = wallThickness+latchLength*8.7+tol;

    latchXPos1 = boxLength/2.0-wallThickness*2;
    latchXPos2 = boxLength/2.0-wallThickness-tol*0.5;
    latchXPos3 = boxLength/2.0-wallThickness-tol*1.5;

    latchZPos1 = chessboardHeight;
    latchZPos2 = boxHeight;

    latchHeight2 = latchHeight;
    latchHeight3 = latchHeight-boxHeight;

    // 1st latch
    difference () {
        translate([latchXPos1, latchYPos1, latchZPos1])
            cube([wallThickness, latchLength-tol*2, latchHeight]);
        translate([latchXPos2, latchYPos1, latchZPos2])
            cube([tol, latchLength-tol, latchHeight2]);
        translate([latchXPos3, latchYPos1, latchZPos2])
            cube([tol, latchLength-tol, latchHeight3]);
    }

    // 2nd latch
    difference () {
        translate([latchXPos1, latchYPos2, latchZPos1])
            cube([wallThickness, latchLength-tol*2, latchHeight]);
        translate([latchXPos2, latchYPos2, latchZPos2])
            cube([tol, latchLength-tol, latchHeight2]);
        translate([latchXPos3, latchYPos2, latchZPos2])
            cube([tol, latchLength-tol, latchHeight3]);
    }
}

module chessboard( color2 )
{
    height = chessboardHeight;
    squareSize = boxLength/8.0;

    for (ypos = [0,2,4,6]) {
        y = ypos*squareSize;
         for ( xpos = (color2 == 0) ? [0,2] : [1,3] ) {
            x = squareSize*xpos;
            translate([x,y,0])
                cube([squareSize,squareSize,height]);
        }
    }
    for (ypos = [1,3,5,7]) {
        y = ypos*squareSize;
        for ( xpos = (color2 == 0) ? [1,3] : [0,2] ) {
            x = squareSize*xpos;
            translate([x,y,0])
                cube([squareSize,squareSize,height]);
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to design a fidget spinner in OpenSCAD, but I want it to be parametric, so I can easily change the dimensions. I'd like two versions: one using standard bearings as weights and the other using coins.

**Here's what I envision for the bearing-weighted version:**

*   **Core Structure:** The spinner should have a central section with three arms extending outwards.
*   **Bearing Holes:** Each of these three arms should have a hole to fit a standard bearing.
*   **Center Bearing:** The central section should also have a hole for a bearing.
*   **Parameters:** I need the ability to control the following parameters:
    *   `bearing_diameter`: The diameter of the bearings.
    *   `bearing_height`: The height of the bearings.
    *   `tolerance`: A small tolerance value for the bearing holes to ensure a snug fit.
    *   `spacing`: The distance from the center of the spinner to the center of the weights.
*   **Rounded Edges:** I'd like the spinner arms to have a rounded or curved look to them.
*   **Number of Arms:** I'd like a parameter to control the number of weighted arms, allowing for configurations other than three. I'd also want that to work for the coin-weighted version as well.
*   **Thickness:** I would like a parameter to control the overall thickness of the spinner body.
*   **Overall Spinner Size**: I would like parameters to control the length of each arm and the radius of the central part of the spinner.
*   **Preview:** I would like the design to render in a way that I could easily view it.

**Here's what I envision for the coin-weighted version:**

*   **Core Structure:** The spinner should also have a central section with arms extending outwards, much like the bearing version.
*   **Coin Slots:** The arms should have recesses to fit coins as weights, rather than bearings.
*    **Center Bearing:** The central section should also have a hole for a bearing.
*   **Parameters:**  I need to be able to control:
    *   `bearing_diameter`: The diameter of the central bearing.
    *    `bearing_height`: The height of the central bearing.
    *    `coin_diameter`: The diameter of the coins used for weights.
    *   `coin_height`: The height or thickness of the coins used for weights.
    *    `tolerance`: The same tolerance factor as the bearing version for snug fits.
    *   `spacing`: The distance from the center of the spinner to the center of the coin slots.
*   **Rounded Edges:** Same as the bearing version, the arms should be rounded.
*   **Number of Arms:** I'd like the same functionality for number of arms as in the bearing version.
*  **Thickness:** I would like a parameter to control the overall thickness of the spinner body.
*  **Overall Spinner Size**: I would like parameters to control the length of each arm and the radius of the central part of the spinner.
*   **Preview:** I would like the design to render in a way that I could easily view it.
*   **Coin Recess Offset:** I would like a small offset from the bottom of the spinner to the coin recess, for a little bit of separation.

I don't need any particular external libraries like MCAD or BOSL, and I can handle any file management/organization myself.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files for both of these designs? Thanks!

[Assistant]
spinner.scad:
```
bearing_diameter = 22;
bearing_height = 7;
tolerance = .2;
spacing = 6;

difference(){
    union(){
translate([0,0,bearing_height/2]) cube([(bearing_diameter+spacing)*2,(bearing_diameter-4),bearing_height],center=true);
cylinder(r=(bearing_diameter+6)/2,bearing_height,$fn=75);

translate([(bearing_diameter+spacing),0,0]) cylinder(r=(bearing_diameter+6)/2,bearing_height,$fn=75);

translate([-(bearing_diameter+spacing),0,0]) cylinder(r=(bearing_diameter+6)/2,bearing_height,$fn=75);
    }
cylinder(r=(bearing_diameter+tolerance)/2,bearing_height,$fn=75);
translate([(bearing_diameter+spacing),0,0]) cylinder(r=(bearing_diameter+tolerance)/2,bearing_height,$fn=75);
translate([-(bearing_diameter+spacing),0,0]) cylinder(r=(bearing_diameter+tolerance)/2,bearing_height,$fn=75);
}

```
spinner_coin_weights.scad:
```
bearing_diameter = 22;
coin_diameter = 22.5;
coin_height = 5;
bearing_height = 7;
tolerance = .2;
spacing = 6;

difference(){
    union(){
translate([0,0,(coin_height+1)/2]) cube([(bearing_diameter+spacing)*2,(bearing_diameter-4),coin_height+1],center=true);
cylinder(r=(bearing_diameter+6)/2,bearing_height,$fn=75);

translate([(coin_diameter+spacing),0,0]) cylinder(r=(coin_diameter+6)/2,coin_height+1,$fn=75);

translate([-(coin_diameter+spacing),0,0]) cylinder(r=(coin_diameter+6)/2,coin_height+1,$fn=75);
    }
cylinder(r=(bearing_diameter+tolerance)/2,bearing_height,$fn=75);
translate([(coin_diameter+spacing),0,1]) cylinder(r=(coin_diameter+tolerance)/2,coin_height,$fn=75);
translate([-(coin_diameter+spacing),0,1]) cylinder(r=(coin_diameter+tolerance)/2,coin_height,$fn=75);
}

```


[User]
Okay, so I've been using these printed Y-axis bearing straps for my Prusa i3 MK2, and I'd like to have something similar, but I need them to be fully parametric so I can adjust them for different machines. I'm using OpenSCAD. I've got two versions of the existing design, but it's a bit of a mess to manually tweak the numbers, and I'd really like to clean it up.

Basically, they're designed to replace the zip ties that hold the linear bearings on the Y-axis of the Prusa i3 MK2 and MK3. The idea is to have a rigid printed part that clamps onto the bearing and attaches to the Y-chassis, and optionally integrate the bearing itself into the part.

Here's what I need:

1.  **Bearing Type:** I need to be able to choose between using a standard LM8UU linear bearing (where I need a cavity for the bearing) or a printed bushing (based on @andyhomes stringed LM8UU bushing, which is basically a cylinder made up of twisted layers to act as a bearing). If I select the printed bushing option, I should be able to specify the parameters for the bushing such as diameter, length, and layer twist angle.

2.  **Strap Design:** The strap itself should be adjustable. I need to specify:
    *   `nozzleWidth`: The width of the extrusion nozzle, used for calculating the strap thickness.
    *   `shellsForStrap`: The number of shells (perimeters) for the strap, so the thickness of the strap can vary depending on the printer's settings.
    *   `strapThickness`:  Derived from `nozzleWidth` and `shellsForStrap`.
    *  `bearingRidgeDiameter`: The diameter of the ridge inside the bearing hole, if applicable.
    *   `bearingRidgeWidth`:  The width of the ridge, if applicable.
    *   `mountLength`: Total length of the mount, including bearing and any ridges.
    *   `mountTabThickness`: The thickness of the tabs that mount to the Y-chassis.
    *   `mountDiameter`: The diameter of the circular part of the mount that holds the bearing.
    *   `mountHeight`: Same as mountDiameter
    *  `mountWidth`: The overall width of the mount
    *   `prusaYChassisThickness`: The thickness of the printer's Y chassis.
    *   `prusaYChassisBearingSlotWidth`: Width of the slot in the Y-chassis where the bearing sits.
    *   `prusaYChassisbearingSinkage`: The amount the bearing sinks into the Y chassis.

3.  **Mounting Holes:** The design needs holes for mounting screws. Parameters I need are:
    *   `screwDiameter`: Diameter of the screw holes.
    *   `screwLength`: Length of the screw holes
    *    `mountHoleSeparation`: The separation between the mounting screw holes.
     *  `shellsForScrews`: The number of shells (perimeters) for screw holes

4.  **Specific Bearing Dimensions:** The design should allow adjusting the bearing fit:
    *   `bearingDiameter`: The outer diameter of the bearing (or printed bushing).
    *   `bearingLength`: The length of the bearing (or printed bushing).
    *   `bushingODCorrection`: A small adjustment factor for the bushing's outer diameter
    *   `bushingIDCorrection`: A small adjustment factor for the bushing's inner diameter.
    *   `layerHeight`:  Layer height used when printing the stringed bushing.
    *   `layerTwistAngle`: Layer twist angle used when printing the stringed bushing.

5. **Part Type:** Needs an option to specify left, right, or MK3 type, which will change the mounting hole design to accommodate M3 screws or MK3 U-bolts, respectively.

6.  **Modules:** The design should use separate modules for the `polyhole` for screws, the  `bushing_simple`, the `layer`, and the `bearing`. It's also important that the bearing is _not_ rendered until it's moved into position by the final `translate` statement.

7. **History:** I would like the history of the part revisions included as a comment at the top of the file for reference.

Can you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files with these parameters?

[Assistant]
Prusa_i3_MK2_Y_Chassis_Bearing_Straps-1.2.1.scad:
```
// model: Prusa i3 MK2 Y Chassis Bearing Straps
//        This replaces the zip ties that tend to stretch and can reduce accuracy over time. Optionally, also replace the entire strap and bearing with a 1-piece printed version that has been tested extensively across multiple users and show to both improve accuracy print accuracy over the stock zip-ties of the MK2, and reduces printer noise over using Prusa LM8UU linear bearings included in both the MK2 and MK2S.
// author: fiveangle@gmail.com
// date: 2017nov18
// notes: Big thanks to @nicw who performed extensive empirical and objective testing, and wrote original installation steps below.
// - Print 2x "left" and 1x "right". Use 6x M3x10mm button-head or socket-head screws to secure. If using the integrated bearing version, use this procedure for the best experience:
// - Drill rinse rods with isopropyl alcohol
// - Mount both left bushings snug but not tight to bed carriage
// - Use drill + rods through both left side bushings. Keep spinning rod until the bracket itself slides down by gravity alone (slight angle). Okay to have some stiction, but shouldn't take a lot of force to move.  Keep the rods moist with isopropyl alcohol to ensure PLA bearing surfaces are not melted due to friction during the process.  You want the bearings to stretch/wear, but not melt.
// - Tighten the bearings on the left rod evenly while moving rod through both bearings to ensure they are in perfect alignment with each other.
// - Do the same wear-in procedure with the single right bearing without mounting to bed (you will align right bearing parallel to left rod after bed installation).
// - Mount the right bearing snug but not tight to the bed carriage
// - Mount bed carriage with rods on Prusa, adjust width and skew of threaded rods until the right rod is perfectly parallel to the left. When parallel, the bed moves without belt connected smoothly the entire length of the bed (bearings will stick at either end or in the middle if rods are not parallel to each other).
// - Begin to tighten the mounting screws for the right bracket.  This should result in the bed sticking again at some point(s) of it's travel.  Continue to adjust the threaded rods until the bed moves smoothly and consistently the entire range of motion.  This will be the most tedious part of the installation due to threaded rods changing alignment after tightening [Protop: this process also just happens to be the best method to align the Y axis smooth rods, even if you intend to replace the integrated bearings with standard ones after alignment, since linear bearings will dig into rods instead of sticking if not parallel].
// - Slide bed all the way forward away from end-stop switch. Then tighten down fully, keeping bracket there for reinforcement.
// - Check that the stiction isn't too great. There should be NO stiction if you could theoretically push with equal force on both sides.
// - Attach belt attachment bracket to bed.
// - Double-check your y-axis belt angles.
// - Print like nobody's watching.
//
// history:
//     -1.2.1 - 2017nov19 - Integrated @andyhomes stringed LM8UU bushing library so will work with Customizer
//                        - Fixed layerHeight calculation and other Customizer bugs introduced with 1.2.0
//     -1.2.0 - 2017nov18 - Removed all bearing options other than @andyhomes version
//                        - Added printed bearing install instructions from @nicw
//     -1.1.4 - 2017jul02 - Added @mightynozzle https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2202854 option
//     -1.1.3 - 2017jun04 - Added @wbrucem https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2144803 "heavy duty" option
//     -1.1.2 - 2017feb26 - Added @ksa https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:396232 option
//     -1.1.1 - 2017jan02 - Added @Argutus http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1864526 option
//     -1.1.0 - 2016dec29 - Incorporated @andyhomes stringed LM8UU bushing https://www.thingiverse.com/make:282174
//     -1.0.2 - 2016nov04 - Increased width of tabs and introduced adjustable screw length so holes don't go all the way through, to help some with poor layer adhesion causing PLA-printed straps to crack
//     -1.0.1 - 2016nov01 - Fixed incorrect tab thickness calculation (tab thickness would actually reduce when increasing shells or nozzle width, causing Customizer versions to potentially be unusable)
//     -1.0.0 - 2016oct11 - Released
//
$fn = 120;

// use <stringed_bushing.scad> ; // import @andyhomes LM8UU replacement library

bearingDiameter = 15; // [15.00:Tight - 15.00mm, 15.05:default - 15.05mm, 15.1:Loose - 15.10mm, 15.2:Lucy Goosey - 15.20mm]
bearingLength = 24; // [15.0:Tight - 15.00mm, 15.1:default (to ridge) - 15.05mm, 15.2:Loose - 15.20mm, 24.2:Full bearing length - 24.20mm]
bearingType = "left"; // [left:Left, right:Right]
nozzleWidth = 0.45; // used to calculate strap thickness
shellsForStrap = 0; // [0:Printed Bearing - 0 shells, 5:default - 5 shells] // adjust with nozzleWidth to get desired strap thickness
bearingRidgeDiameter = bearingDiameter - 1.0;
bearingRidgeWidth = 0.0; // [0:Printed Bearing - 0mm, 0.8:default - 0.8mm]
mountLength = bearingLength + 2 * bearingRidgeWidth;
screwDiameter = 2.8; // [2.8:Tight - 2.8mm, 2.9:default - 2.9mm, 3.0:Loose 3.0mm]
screwLength = 9.6; // [9-10]
mountHoleSeparation = 22.9 - (22.9 - 17.2) / 2;
strapThickness = shellsForStrap * nozzleWidth;
shellsForScrews = 2.0;
mountWidth = mountHoleSeparation + 2 * screwDiameter + 4.8;
prusaYChassisThickness = 6.2; // Measurement of your Y Chassis thickness
prusaYChassisBearingSlotWidth = bearingDiameter - 2;
prusaYChassisbearingSinkage = 4.3; // Measure Y chassis to bearing distance using depth gauge in bearing slot minus about 0.2 mm for pretension
mountTabThickness = (prusaYChassisThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage) + 5 +
    shellsForStrap * nozzleWidth;
mountDiameter = bearingDiameter + (2 * strapThickness);
mountHeight = mountDiameter;

// polyhole cylinder fitment method: http://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2011/02/polyholes.html
module polyhole(d, h) {
    n = max(round(2 * d), 3);
    rotate([0, 0, 180])
        cylinder(h = h, r = (d / 2) / cos(180 / n), $fn = n);
} // polyhole cylinder fitment method: http://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2011/02/polyholes.html

// @andyholmes stringed bearing LM8UU replacement modules

// Outer diameter correction (mm). Positive values increase diameter.
bushingODCorrection = 0.1; // [-0.5:0.05:0.5]

// Inner diameter correction (mm).  Positive values increase diameter.
bushingIDCorrection = 0.05; // [-0.5:0.05:0.5]

// Bushing length (mm).
bushingLength = bearingLength; // [5:1:50]

// Layer height (mm).
layerHeight = 0.30; // [0.05:0.01:1.0]

// Each subsequent layer is twisted on (degrees)
layerTwistAngle = 19; // [15:60]

bushingOD = bearingDiameter + bushingODCorrection;
bushingID = 8 + bushingIDCorrection;

module bushing_simple(od = 15, id = 8, len = 24, lh = 0.2, lta = 30) {
    union()
		for (i = [0: len/lh-1]) {
        li = lta * i %120;
			  translate([0, 0, i * lh])
				    render() layer(od, id, lh, li);
		}
}

module layer(od = 15, id = 8, lh = 0.2, twa=0) {
    difference()  {
        cylinder(d = od, h = lh, $fn = 48);

        rotate(a = twa, v = [0,0,1])
				    cylinder(r = id, h = lh*2, $fn = 3);
	  }
} // @andyholmes stringed bearing LM8UU replacement modules

module bearing() {
    difference() {
        // mount body
        union() {
            cube([mountWidth, mountLength, mountTabThickness]);

            translate([mountWidth / 2, 0, (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness])
                rotate([-90, 0, 0])
                    cylinder(r = (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness, h = mountLength);
        } // mount body

        // bearing core
        union() {
            translate([mountWidth / 2, 0, (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness])
                rotate([-90, 0, 0])
                    cylinder(r = ((bearingRidgeDiameter / 2)), h = mountLength);

            translate([mountWidth / 2, (mountLength - bearingLength) / 2, (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness])
                rotate([-90, 0, 0])
                    polyhole(bearingDiameter, bearingLength);
        } // bearing core

        // prusa bearing sink
        cube([mountWidth + 10, mountLength, prusaYChassisThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage + strapThickness]);

        if (bearingType == "left")
            cube([
                mountWidth,
                mountLength - (mountLength / 2 + screwDiameter / 2 + shellsForScrews),
                bearingDiameter + 2 * shellsForScrews
            ]);

        translate([mountWidth / 2 - prusaYChassisBearingSlotWidth / 2, 0, 0])
            cube([
                prusaYChassisBearingSlotWidth,
                mountLength,
                (bearingDiameter + 2 * strapThickness) / 2
            ]); // prusa bearing sink

        // screw holes
        translate([(mountWidth - mountHoleSeparation) / 2, mountLength / 2, 0])
            rotate([0, 0, 0])
                cylinder(
                    r = screwDiameter / 2,
                    h = screwLength - prusaYChassisThickness + mountTabThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage
                );

        translate([mountWidth - (mountWidth - mountHoleSeparation) / 2, mountLength / 2, 0])
            rotate([0, 0, 0])
                cylinder(
                    r = screwDiameter / 2,
                    h = screwLength - prusaYChassisThickness + mountTabThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage
                ); // screw holes
    }

}

// doit
echo("/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////");
echo("// Build Parameters:");
echo("//     bearingType = ", bearingType);
echo("//     mountlength = ", mountLength);
echo("//     bushingID = ", bushingID);
echo("//     prusaYChassisThickness = ", prusaYChassisThickness);
echo("/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////");

translate([0, -(prusaYChassisThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage) -
    strapThickness, mountLength
])
rotate([-90, 0, 0])
union() {
    translate([mountWidth / 2, 0, (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness])
        rotate([-90, 0, 0])
            bushing_simple(bushingOD, bushingID, bushingLength, layerHeight, layerTwistAngle);

    bearing();
}
```
Prusa_i3_MK2_Y_Chassis_Bearing_Straps-1.2.2.scad:
```
// model: Prusa i3 MK2 Y Chassis Bearing Straps
//        This replaces the zip ties that tend to stretch and can reduce accuracy over time. Optionally, also replace the entire strap and bearing with a 1-piece printed version that has been tested extensively across multiple users and show to both improve accuracy print accuracy over the stock zip-ties of the MK2, and reduces printer noise over using Prusa LM8UU linear bearings included in both the MK2 and MK2S.
// author: fiveangle@gmail.com
// date: 2017nov18
// notes: Big thanks to @nicw who performed extensive empirical and objective testing, and wrote original installation steps below.
// - Print 2x "left" and 1x "right". Use 6x M3x10mm button-head or socket-head screws to secure. If using the integrated bearing version, use this procedure for the best experience:
// - Drill rinse rods with isopropyl alcohol
// - Mount both left bushings snug but not tight to bed carriage
// - Use drill + rods through both left side bushings. Keep spinning rod until the bracket itself slides down by gravity alone (slight angle). Okay to have some stiction, but shouldn't take a lot of force to move.  Keep the rods moist with isopropyl alcohol to ensure PLA bearing surfaces are not melted due to friction during the process.  You want the bearings to stretch/wear, but not melt.
// - Tighten the bearings on the left rod evenly while moving rod through both bearings to ensure they are in perfect alignment with each other.
// - Do the same wear-in procedure with the single right bearing without mounting to bed (you will align right bearing parallel to left rod after bed installation).
// - Mount the right bearing snug but not tight to the bed carriage
// - Mount bed carriage with rods on Prusa, adjust width and skew of threaded rods until the right rod is perfectly parallel to the left. When parallel, the bed moves without belt connected smoothly the entire length of the bed (bearings will stick at either end or in the middle if rods are not parallel to each other).
// - Begin to tighten the mounting screws for the right bracket.  This should result in the bed sticking again at some point(s) of it's travel.  Continue to adjust the threaded rods until the bed moves smoothly and consistently the entire range of motion.  This will be the most tedious part of the installation due to threaded rods changing alignment after tightening [Protop: this process also just happens to be the best method to align the Y axis smooth rods, even if you intend to replace the integrated bearings with standard ones after alignment, since linear bearings will dig into rods instead of sticking if not parallel].
// - Slide bed all the way forward away from end-stop switch. Then tighten down fully, keeping bracket there for reinforcement.
// - Check that the stiction isn't too great. There should be NO stiction if you could theoretically push with equal force on both sides.
// - Attach belt attachment bracket to bed.
// - Double-check your y-axis belt angles.
// - Print like nobody's watching.
//
// history:
//     -1.2.2 - 2017nov19 - Added "mk3" bushing type for use with original MK3/MK3S "U" bolts instead of
//                          M3 machine screws
//                        - Adjusted bushing ID size down to match latest PrusaSlicer 2.2.0 profiles
//                        - Added .3mf project file generated with PrusaSlicer 2.2.0
//                        - Added gcode for MK3 and MK3S
//     -1.2.1 - 2017nov19 - Integrated @andyhomes stringed LM8UU bushing library so will work with Customizer
//                        - Fixed layerHeight calculation and other Customizer bugs introduced with 1.2.0
//     -1.2.0 - 2017nov18 - Removed all bearing options other than @andyhomes version which has proven superior
//                        - Added printed bearing install instructions from @nicw
//     -1.1.4 - 2017jul02 - Added @mightynozzle https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2202854 option
//     -1.1.3 - 2017jun04 - Added @wbrucem https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2144803 "heavy duty" option
//     -1.1.2 - 2017feb26 - Added @ksa https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:396232 option
//     -1.1.1 - 2017jan02 - Added @Argutus http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1864526 option
//     -1.1.0 - 2016dec29 - Incorporated @andyhomes stringed LM8UU bushing https://www.thingiverse.com/make:282174
//     -1.0.2 - 2016nov04 - Increased width of tabs and introduced adjustable screw length so holes don't
//                          go all the way through, to help some with poor layer adhesion causing some
//                          PLA-printed straps to crack
//     -1.0.1 - 2016nov01 - Fixed incorrect tab thickness calculation (tab thickness would actually reduce when increasing shells or nozzle width, causing Customizer versions to potentially be unusable)
//     -1.0.0 - 2016oct11 - Released
//
$fn = 120;

// use <stringed_bushing.scad> ; // import @andyhomes LM8UU replacement library

bearingDiameter = 15; // [15.00:Tight - 15.00mm, 15.05:default - 15.05mm, 15.1:Loose - 15.10mm, 15.2:Lucy Goosey - 15.20mm]
bearingLength = 24; // [15.0:Tight - 15.00mm, 15.1:default (to ridge) - 15.05mm, 15.2:Loose - 15.20mm, 24.2:Full bearing length - 24.20mm]
bearingType = "mk3"; // [left:Left, right:Right, mk3:MK3]
nozzleWidth = 0.45; // used to calculate strap thickness
shellsForStrap = 0; // [0:Printed Bearing - 0 shells, 5:default - 5 shells] // adjust with nozzleWidth to get desired strap thickness
bearingRidgeDiameter = bearingDiameter - 1.0;
bearingRidgeWidth = 0.0; // [0:Printed Bearing - 0mm, 0.8:default - 0.8mm]
mountLength = bearingLength + 2 * bearingRidgeWidth;
screwDiameter = 2.8; // [2.8:Tight - 2.8mm, 2.9:default - 2.9mm, 3.0:Loose 3.0mm, 4.0:MK3]
screwLength = 9.6; // [9.6:9-10]
mountHoleSeparation = 22.9 - (22.9 - 17.2) / 2;
strapThickness = shellsForStrap * nozzleWidth;
shellsForScrews = 2.0;
mountWidth = mountHoleSeparation + 2 * screwDiameter + 4.8;
prusaYChassisThickness = 6.2; // Measurement of your Y Chassis thickness
prusaYChassisBearingSlotWidth = bearingDiameter - 2;
prusaYChassisbearingSinkage = 4.3; // Measure Y chassis to bearing distance using depth gauge in bearing slot minus about 0.2 mm for pretension
mountTabThickness = (prusaYChassisThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage) + 5 +
    shellsForStrap * nozzleWidth;
mountDiameter = bearingDiameter + (2 * strapThickness);
mountHeight = mountDiameter;

// polyhole cylinder fitment method: http://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2011/02/polyholes.html
module polyhole(d, h) {
    n = max(round(2 * d), 3);
    rotate([0, 0, 180])
        cylinder(h = h, r = (d / 2) / cos(180 / n), $fn = n);
} // polyhole cylinder fitment method: http://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2011/02/polyholes.html

// @andyholmes stringed bearing LM8UU replacement modules

// Outer diameter correction (mm). Positive values increase diameter.
bushingODCorrection = 0.1; // [-0.5:0.05:0.5]

// Inner diameter correction (mm).  Positive values increase diameter.
bushingIDCorrection = -0.1; // [-0.5:0.05:0.5]

// Bushing length (mm).
bushingLength = bearingLength; // [5:1:50]

// Layer height (mm).
layerHeight = 0.30; // [0.05:0.01:1.0]

// Each subsequent layer is twisted on (degrees)
layerTwistAngle = 19; // [15:60]

bushingOD = bearingDiameter + bushingODCorrection;
bushingID = 8 + bushingIDCorrection;

module bushing_simple(od = 15, id = 8, len = 24, lh = 0.2, lta = 30) {
    union()
		for (i = [0: len/lh-1]) {
        li = lta * i %120;
			  translate([0, 0, i * lh])
				    render() layer(od, id, lh, li);
		}
}

module layer(od = 15, id = 8, lh = 0.2, twa=0) {
    difference()  {
        cylinder(d = od, h = lh, $fn = 48);

        rotate(a = twa, v = [0,0,1])
				    cylinder(r = id, h = lh*2, $fn = 3);
	  }
} // @andyholmes stringed bearing LM8UU replacement modules

module bearing() {
    difference() {
        // mount body
        union() {
            cube([mountWidth, mountLength, mountTabThickness]);

            translate([mountWidth / 2, 0, (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness])
                rotate([-90, 0, 0])
                    cylinder(r = (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness, h = mountLength);
        } // mount body

        // bearing core
        union() {
            translate([mountWidth / 2, 0, (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness])
                rotate([-90, 0, 0])
                    cylinder(r = ((bearingRidgeDiameter / 2)), h = mountLength);

            translate([mountWidth / 2, (mountLength - bearingLength) / 2, (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness])
                rotate([-90, 0, 0])
                    polyhole(bearingDiameter, bearingLength);
        } // bearing core

        // prusa bearing sink
        cube([mountWidth + 10, mountLength, prusaYChassisThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage + strapThickness]);

        if (bearingType == "left")
            cube([
                mountWidth,
                mountLength - (mountLength / 2 + screwDiameter / 2 + shellsForScrews),
                bearingDiameter + 2 * shellsForScrews
            ]);

        translate([mountWidth / 2 - prusaYChassisBearingSlotWidth / 2, 0, 0])
            cube([
                prusaYChassisBearingSlotWidth,
                mountLength,
                (bearingDiameter + 2 * strapThickness) / 2
            ]); // prusa bearing sink

        // screw holes
        if(bearingType == "mk3"){
            translate([(mountWidth - mountHoleSeparation) / 2, mountLength / 2, 0])
                cylinder(
                    r = 2,
                    h = screwLength +10 - prusaYChassisThickness + mountTabThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage
                );

            translate([mountWidth - (mountWidth - mountHoleSeparation) / 2, mountLength / 2, 0])
                cylinder(
                    r = 2,
                    h = screwLength +10 - prusaYChassisThickness + mountTabThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage
                ); // mk3 holes
        }
        else {
            translate([(mountWidth - mountHoleSeparation) / 2, mountLength / 2, 0])
                cylinder(
                    r = screwDiameter/2,
                    h = screwLength - prusaYChassisThickness + mountTabThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage
                );

            translate([mountWidth - (mountWidth - mountHoleSeparation) / 2, mountLength / 2, 0])
                cylinder(
                    r = screwDiameter/2,
                    h = screwLength - prusaYChassisThickness + mountTabThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage
                ); // screw holes
        }

    }

}

// doit
echo("/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////");
echo("// Build Parameters:");
echo("//     bearingType = ", bearingType);
echo("//     mountlength = ", mountLength);
echo("//     bushingID = ", bushingID);
echo("//     bushingIDCorrection = ", bushingIDCorrection);
echo("//     prusaYChassisThickness = ", prusaYChassisThickness);
echo("/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////");

translate([0, -(prusaYChassisThickness - prusaYChassisbearingSinkage) -
    strapThickness, mountLength
])
rotate([-90, 0, 0])
union() {
    translate([mountWidth / 2, 0, (bearingDiameter / 2) + strapThickness])
        rotate([-90, 0, 0])
            bushing_simple(bushingOD, bushingID, bushingLength, layerHeight, layerTwistAngle);

    bearing();
}
```


[User]
I need help designing a glasses perch that sits on top of a computer monitor. I've been using a design I found online but it's not ideal, and I'd like to make it parametric so I can easily adjust it for different monitors. I want to be able to specify the monitor's top edge thickness, the angles of the monitor's top and back surfaces relative to the screen, and the overall dimensions of the perch itself.

Here are the key features I need:

*   **Monitor Mount:** The perch should have a "C" shape that clamps onto the top edge of the monitor. The inner and outer edges of this C-shape need to be adjustable for different thicknesses and angles. I need parameters for:
    *   `monitor_thickness`: The thickness of the monitor's top edge.
    *   `monitor_top_wedge`: The angle of the monitor's top surface relative to the screen (if it slopes away).
    *   `monitor_back_slope`: The angle of the monitor's back surface (the part furthest from the screen) relative to the screen.
    *   `front_length`: Length of the front 'leg' of the 'C' which rests on the front side of the monitor
    *   `back_length`: Length of the back 'leg' of the 'C' which rests on the rear side of the monitor.

*   **Riser:** There should be a riser that extends up from the monitor mount to hold the glasses. It needs to be able to be adjusted for height and angle and length.
    *   `riser_length`: Length of the riser.
    *   `riser_slope`: The angle of the riser relative to horizontal.
    *   `nose_height`: The vertical distance from the top of the C clamp to the center of the nose.

*   **Nose (Glasses Rest):** The top of the riser should have a "nose" to cradle the glasses. This needs to be somewhat rounded and have some kind of rim to keep the glasses from sliding off. It needs to be adjustable in width, depth, and rim width.
    *   `nose_width`: The width of the glasses holding part.
     *   `nose_depth`: The depth of the glasses holding part.
    *   `nose_brim_rimwidth`: The width of the rim of the nose.

*   **Overall Width:** I also need to control the overall width of the perch along the monitor edge.
    *  `width`: The width of the perch.

*   **Thickness:** The thickness of the plastic for the main pieces of the perch should be adjustable and unified.
    * `thickness`: The overall plastic thickness.

*   **Beads:** There should be a rounded edge where the legs join the horizontal 'monitor thickness' piece, like a bead. I would like to specify the bead radius.
    *   `bead`: Radius of beads to join components.

*   **Test Profile:** I'd like a way to generate a narrow slice to test the fit on my monitor before printing the whole thing. So maybe a flag like `test_profile`.

I'd prefer if the design was modular and used functions or modules for each part. It would also be great if the design was relatively easy to understand and modify in the future. I don't have any particular library preferences, but if you think a particular one would be helpful feel free to use it. Please generate all the code needed.

[Assistant]
glasses_perch.scad:
```
// Glasses_perch
// Thing that lets you place your glasses on the top edge of your
// computer monitor
//
// David Palmer
// dmopalmer at gmail.com
// Distributed under GPL version 2
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html>
//
// Designed to use customizer at thingiverse
// <http://www.makerbot.com/blog/2013/01/23/openscad-design-tips-how-to-make-a-customizable-thing/>

// Generate just a narrow test profile to ensure it fits your monitor
test_profile = 0; // [0: Full width, 1: Test profile]

// Thickness of the plastic in mm
thickness = 2.0;  // thickness

// Thickness of monitor at top edge (mm)
monitor_thickness = 30;

// Length of front leg
front_length = 20;

// Length of back leg
back_length = 40;

// Length of riser
riser_length = 60;

// slope of riser.  (Degrees: 90 means vertical)
riser_slope = 60;

// Monitor back wedge (degrees: 0 means back is perp. to top edge, >0 means it is slanted)
monitor_back_slope = 20;

// Monitor top wedge (degrees: >0 means that the top slopes way instead of being perpendicular to the screen)
monitor_top_wedge = 0;

// Width of the perch (mm).
width = 40;

// Nose width (mm).
nose_width = 10;

// Nose_depth
nose_depth = 20;

// Nose_height along riser
nose_height = 25;

// Nose_brim_rimwidth
nose_brim_rimwidth = 5;

// Radius of bead along joints
bead = 1.5 * thickness;

// epsilon to prevent problems with coincident planes
eps = 0.01;

module Nose()   // flat of cylinder is on the Y axis.
{
    nose_radius = nose_width/2 * 1.5;
    stretch = 2;
    scale([stretch,1,1]) {
        difference() {
            union() {
                translate([0,0,nose_depth+thickness]) cylinder(h = thickness, r=nose_radius+nose_brim_rimwidth);
                cylinder(h=thickness + nose_depth + 0.5*thickness, r=nose_radius);
            }
            translate([-50,0,0]) cube([100,100,100],center=true);
        }
    }
}

module Riser()
{
    rotate([0,-riser_slope,0]) {
        union() {
            translate([nose_height,0,0]) Nose();
            translate([eps,-width/2,-eps]) cube([riser_length, width,thickness],center=false);
        }
    }
}

module Perch() // Top level module
{
    rotate([90,0,0]) union() {
        // Front is in the xy plane
        translate([-bead*0.72,0,bead*0.72]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=width-eps,r=bead,center=true);
        translate([-thickness,-width/2,-front_length+eps]) cube([thickness, width, front_length]);
        rotate([0,monitor_top_wedge,0]) {
            union(){
                translate([-thickness,-width/2,0]) cube([monitor_thickness + 2*thickness, width, thickness]);
                translate([monitor_thickness+thickness,-width/2,thickness])
                    rotate([0,180-monitor_back_slope-monitor_top_wedge,0])
                        cube([thickness,width,back_length]);
                translate([monitor_thickness+thickness,(width-eps)/2,bead])
                    rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=width-eps,r=bead,center=false);
            }
        }
        Riser();
    }
}

module Profile()
{
    intersection() {
        Perch();
        cube([1000,1000,2],center=true);
    }
}
// Rotate it so that ends up on the printer bed in the right orientation

if (test_profile == 1) {
    Profile();
} else {
    Perch();
}

```


[User]
I want to create a fidget spinner, but I need it to be more robust than the typical single-piece PLA design. I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design that uses a split collar system to better secure the center bearing, allowing for gluing without damaging the bearing itself. The design should also include outer bearing slots for additional weighted bearings and have caps for the center bearing with space for foam tape finger pads.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I need to control:

*   **Bearing Dimensions:**
    *   `BearingD`: Diameter of the main bearings (608 skateboard bearings).
    *   `BearingT`: Thickness of the bearings.
*   **Center Collar:**
    *   `CollarWall`: Wall thickness of the collar around the bearing.
    *   `CollarT`: Thickness of the collar.
    *   `CollarTolerance`: Tolerance for the fit of the bearing into the collar.
*  **Spinner Arms:**
    *   `Spacing`: Distance from center bearing to each outer bearing.
    *   `ArmWidth`: The width of the spinner's arms.
    *   `ArmThickness`: The thickness of the spinner's arms.
*   **Outer Bearing Slots:**
    *   `SlotWall`: Wall thickness of the outer bearing slots.
    *  `SlotTolerance`: Tolerance for the fit of bearings into outer slots.
*   **Center Caps:**
    *   `CapSDia`: Diameter of the center pad/cap, for mounting tape and finger pads.
    *   `CapBDia`: Diameter of the cap's base that mates with the center bearing assembly.
    *   `CapL`: Height of the center cap.
    *   `CapT`: Thickness of the cap.
*   **Overall Dimensions:**
    *   `OverallThickness`: Overall thickness of the fidget spinner body.
*  **Misc**
    * `fn`: The fragment number for the object - I want to make sure curves are smooth.

The spinner should have three arms, each with a slot for a bearing, and a central bearing mount that uses two halves of a collar to clamp the bearing in place. The center caps should have a base that fits within the collar, with a cylindrical top where foam tape or electrical tape can be applied for finger grip. It would also be ideal if I could specify the number of arms with a parameter.

I need the design to be fully parametric, and it would be great if it could be built using the BOSL2 library. Please also include comments in the code so I can easily understand how it's put together and modify parameters later.

Let me know if you need any clarification.

[Assistant]
Spinner_3b.scad:
```
BearingD=22.25;
BearingT=7;
CapSDia=8;
CapBDia=17;
CapL=7;
CapT=1;
Wall=3;
WallT=1.6;
Spacing=25;
Rad=5;
$fn=50;

module Spinner(){
    difference(){
        union(){
            BearingRing(BearingD+Wall+WallT*2);
            rotate([0,0,360/3])translate([Spacing,0,0])BearingRing(BearingD+Wall);
            translate([Spacing,0,0])BearingRing(BearingD+Wall);
            rotate([0,0,-360/3])translate([Spacing,0,0])BearingRing(BearingD+Wall);
        }
        union(){
            cylinder(d=BearingD+WallT*2,h=BearingT*2,center=true);
            rotate([0,0,360/3])translate([0,0,0])BearingRace();
            translate([0,0,0])BearingRace();
            rotate([0,0,-360/3])translate([0,0,0])BearingRace();
        }
    }
}

module BearingRing(Dia){
    minkowski(){
        cylinder(d=Dia,h=BearingT-Wall,center=true);
        sphere(d=Wall);
    }
}

module BearingRace(){
    translate([Spacing,0,0])cylinder(d=BearingD,h=BearingT*2,center=true);
    //translate([Spacing,0,0])cube([Spacing,Wall/2,BearingT*2],center=true);
}

module Retain(){
    difference(){
        union(){
            translate([0,0,WallT/2])cylinder(d1=BearingD+WallT*2-0.5,d2=BearingD+WallT*2,h=BearingT/2);
            translate([0,0,BearingT/2])cylinder(d=BearingD+WallT*3,h=WallT/2);
        }
        cylinder(d=BearingD,h=BearingT,center=true);
        cylinder(d=BearingD-WallT,h=BearingT*2,center=true);
        translate([0,BearingD/2,0])cube([WallT/2,BearingD,BearingT*2],center=true);
    }
}

module Cap(){
    cylinder(d=CapSDia,h=CapL/2);
    difference(){
        translate([0,0,-CapT*1.5]){
            minkowski(){
                cylinder(d=CapBDia,h=CapT,center=true);
                sphere(d=CapT*2);
            }
        }
        //translate([0,0,-CapT*3])scale([1,1,.1])sphere(d=CapBDia-CapT);
    }
}

rotate([0,0,360/3])translate([-Spacing-Wall*3,0,BearingT/2+WallT/2])Cap();
translate([-Spacing-Wall*3,0,BearingT/2+WallT/2])Cap();
translate([0,0,BearingT/2])Spinner();
translate([-Spacing-Wall*3,0,BearingT/2+WallT/2])rotate([180,0,0])Retain();
rotate([0,0,360/3])translate([-Spacing-Wall*3,0,BearingT/2+WallT/2])rotate([180,0,0])Retain();
```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a customizable button based on an existing STL file. I want to be able to import an STL, and then cut text out of its face, kind of like the provided code.

Specifically, the design needs to:

1.  Import an arbitrary STL file that represents the button body. Let's call this the `button_stl` variable. I want to be able to specify the path to this file.
2.  Have configurable text on the face of the button, with at least one line, possibly two. Let's call the first line variable `text_line1`, and the second `text_line2`. If the second line is empty, it should just not be rendered.
3.  Allow adjustment of the text size using a variable called `text_size`.
4.  A variable, `text_line_spacing`, for controlling the space between two lines of text.
5.  Use a variable called `text_font` for selecting the font of the text.
6.  The text should be cut into the button by a depth that is adjustable with the variable `text_depth`.
7.  The imported STL might not be perfectly centered so I want to offset the text in x and y using `text_center_x` and `text_center_y`.
8. I'd like it to be able to cut a circular shape into the existing button shape using a `cut_circle_radius` and `cut_circle_height` which will be centered at `text_center_x` and `text_center_y`. This circle cut should be done before any of the text cutting.

I don't need any special libraries for this, but the text needs to be centered within each line and the lines centered relative to the specified `text_center_x` and `text_center_y` position. I'm imagining a single SCAD file will do.

[Assistant]
button_customizable.scad:
```
// Custom text for http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1805435
// Rob Braun <bbraun@synack.net>

// first line
text_line1="Doin'";
// second line, if it exists.  If no 2nd line, make this empty ("")
text_line2="it";

// font height
size=5.5;
// space between the lines
line_space = 1.0;
// font name
font="Courier";

// how deep the letters should cut
textdepth=3;

buttoncenterx=17.5;
buttoncentery=17.5;

module write_text(x, y, string, font, size) {
    translate([x, y, 0]) {
        rotate([0,0,270]) {
            mirror([1, 0, 0]) {
                linear_extrude(height = textdepth) {
                    text(string, font = font, size = size, halign="center", valign="center");
     }}}
    }
}

difference() {
    // Fill in the existing text to create a blank button
    union() {
        // The stl file ends up not centered, so this kinda brings it into the middle
        translate([-250, 0, 0]) {
            import("estop_button.stl", convexity=3);
        }
        translate([buttoncenterx, buttoncentery, 0]) {
            cylinder(h=5, r=15);
        }
    }

    // Cut out the customized text
    modifier = (text_line2 == "") ? 0 : size/2 + line_space;
    write_text(buttoncenterx + modifier, buttoncentery, text_line1, font, size);

    if(text_line2 != "") {
        write_text(buttoncenterx - modifier, buttoncentery, text_line2, font, size);
    }
}
```


[User]
I need help designing a fan duct for my 3D printer's hotend. It's a bit of a specific design, as it needs to mount directly onto the cooling fins of the hotend itself, using the spaces between the fins for grip. I've already got a basic concept figured out, but I need it to be fully parametric so I can easily adjust it for different hotends and fan sizes.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

**General Parameters:**

*   `slop`: A small clearance value (in millimeters) to account for printing tolerances. I'd like this to be adjustable, probably between 0 and 0.3 mm, in steps of 0.05mm. It should be applied as necessary to all dimensions.
*   `wall_thickness`: The thickness of the duct walls in millimeters, adjustable from 0.8 to 2.0 mm in 0.1mm increments.

**Fan Parameters:**

*   `fan_size`: The size of the fan, I'm mainly using 30mm fans for now. I'd like to specify this as a single dimension meaning a square fan of fan_size x fan_size.
*   `fan_depth`: The depth of the fan in millimeters. Allow values from 8 to 20 mm.
*   `extra_inlet_depth`: How much the inlet extends beyond the fan, in millimeters. Let this start at 2mm and only has to take integers.

**Hotend Parameters:**

*   `heatbreak_diameter`: The diameter of the heat break part of the hotend, this can range from 5.0mm to 10.0mm in 0.5mm steps.
*   `heatsink_outer_diameter`: The outer diameter of the heatsink portion. Allow values between 20mm to 30mm.
*  `heatsink_inner_diameter`: The inner diameter of the heatsink, generally, this should be a bit larger than the heatbreak. Allow values from 12mm to 16mm.
*   `fin_thickness`: The thickness of the cooling fins, typically between 1.0mm and 3.0mm, in steps of 0.1mm.
*   `space_between_fins`: The space between the cooling fins, adjustable from 1.0mm to 4.0mm in 0.2mm increments.

**Cooling Duct Parameters:**

*   `top_duct_extension`: How much the top part of the duct extends, in millimeters. Allow for 0 to 10mm in steps of 0.5mm.

**Print Cooling Duct Parameters:**

*   `bottom_duct_height`: The height of the bottom duct that's intended to blow on the print, from 3mm to 8mm.
*   `bottom_duct_width`: The width of the bottom duct. Values from 10 to 20mm should work.
*   `bottom_duct_y_offset`: The offset of the print cooling duct in the Y direction (relative to the center of the hotend). This should be able to go from -10mm to 10mm, in 0.5mm steps.
*  `bottom_duct_extension`: How far the bottom duct should extend out (in the Z direction). It should go from -10mm to 10mm in 0.5mm steps.

**Overall Design Notes:**

The fan duct should have a smoothly transitioning curve/shape that goes from a square inlet for the fan to a flatter, wider top section. From that top section, it should smoothly curve back down into the print cooling duct. The mounting should be done by having a set of inner 'teeth' that fit in between the cooling fins on the hotend, so the duct sits securely and is held in place.

I'd like the design to be easily viewable, and I should be able to switch between a simplified preview with some transparency to show the hotend in context, and the actual printable duct on its own. I'd also like to have some parameters for display, like `$fn` being set to 72.

I'd appreciate it if you could provide the OpenSCAD code to generate this, including all the modules for the different parts and the main module for assembling everything. I think some libraries would probably be helpful, but I'm not really sure what to use here.

I'm looking forward to seeing what you come up with!

[Assistant]
FinMountedFanDuct.scad:
```
/**
 * Fin-mounted Fan Duct Customizer
 *
 * This fan duct is mounted directly on the fins
 * of the hot end above the heat-break, so it may
 * not be suitable for all materials and all hot
 * ends. Probably some combinations of settings
 * will produce a mess.
 */

// preview[view:north east, tilt:side]

/* [General] */

// Always set Printable before "Create Thing"
display = 1; // [0:Preview,1:Printable]

// (mm) Allow for shrinkage
slop = 0.2; // [0:0.05:0.3]
// (mm)
wall_thickness = 1.2; // [0.8:0.1:2.0]

/* [Fan] */

// (mm)
fan_size = 30;  // [30:30]
// (mm)
fan_depth = 10; // [8:20]
// (mm)
extra_inlet_depth = 2; // [10]

/* [Hotend Settings] */

// (mm)
heatbreak_diameter = 5.8; // [5.0:0.5:10.0]
// (mm)
heatsink_outer_diameter = 20; // [20:30]
// (mm)
heatsink_inner_diameter = 12.5; // [12:16]
// (mm)
fin_thickness = 2; // [1.0:0.1:3.0]
// (mm)
space_between_fins = 2; // [1.0:0.2:4.0]

/* [Cooling Duct] */

// (mm)
top_duct_extension = 1; // [0:0.5:10]

/* [Print Cooling duct] */

// (mm)
bottom_duct_height = 3; // [3:8]
// (mm)
bottom_duct_width = 15; // [10:20]
// (mm)
bottom_duct_y_offset = 1; // [-10:0.5:10]
// (mm)
bottom_duct_extension = 1; // [-10:0.5:10]

/* [Hidden] */

$fn=72;
arm_width=48;
arm_height=79.8;

slop2 = slop*2;

fan_square = fan_size + slop * 2;
walls = wall_thickness * 2;

top_duct_height = 11;
top_duct_total_height = top_duct_height + top_duct_extension;

top_duct_width = heatsink_outer_diameter + 2;

total_inlet_depth = fan_depth + extra_inlet_depth;

fin_sum = fin_thickness+space_between_fins;

outer_color = [0.7, 1.0, 0.3];
inner_color = [0.7, 0.9, 1.0];

module arm_end() {
  // cylinder(r=arm_width/2, h=arm_height, center=true);
  // translate([0,60/2]) cube([arm_width, 60, arm_height], center=true);

  efin = 2;
  sfin = efin - 2 - floor(top_duct_extension / fin_sum + 0.5);

  fin_count = floor((top_duct_total_height - space_between_fins * 2 + 1) / fin_sum);
  fin_last = floor(fin_count / 2);
  fin_first = fin_last - fin_count;

  translate([0,0,-(arm_height+top_duct_extension+top_duct_height+walls)/2]) {
    cylinder(r=heatsink_inner_diameter/2, h=top_duct_total_height-1, center=true);
    for (z=[fin_first:fin_last]) translate([0,0,z*fin_sum]) {
      cylinder(r=heatsink_outer_diameter/2, h=fin_thickness, center=true);
      // %translate([0,0,fin_sum/2]) cylinder(r=heatsink_outer_diameter/2, h=space_between_fins-slop2, center=true);
    }
  }

  translate([0,0,-arm_height/2-top_duct_extension]) {
    translate([0,0,-top_duct_height/2]) {
      translate([0,0,top_duct_extension/2-wall_thickness]) cylinder(r=heatsink_inner_diameter/2, h=top_duct_total_height-1, center=true);
      // translate([0,0,4]) for (z=[sfin:efin])
      //   translate([0,0,-z*fin_sum])
      //     cylinder(r=heatsink_outer_diameter/2, h=fin_thickness, center=true);
    }
    // Heater mass
    translate([0,5,-27]) cube([11.5, 20, 18.5], center=true);
    // Heat break
    translate([0,0,(-39+top_duct_extension)/2]) cylinder(r=heatbreak_diameter/2, h=45+top_duct_extension, center=true);
  }
}

module sloping_cube(w1=10,w2=9,h1=20,h2=10,d1=10,d2=10,d3=10) {
  hull() {
    rounded_cube([w1,h1,d1], r=2, center=true);
    translate([0,(h2-h1)/2,d1+d2-0.05]) rounded_cube([w2,h2,0.1], r=2, center=true);
  }
  translate([0,(h2-h1)/2,d1+d2+d3/2]) rounded_cube([w2,h2,d3], r=2, center=true);
}

module duct_outlet(wt=0) {
  rot = 116 - (top_duct_extension - (14 - total_inlet_depth));
  hull() {
    // Wide inlet
    translate([0,top_duct_extension-10,0])
      rotate([rot,0,0])
        translate([0,0,-4])
          rounded_cube([fan_square*0.9+wt,fan_square*0.9+wt,0.1], r=1, center=true);
    // Narrow outlet
    rotate([145,0,0])
      translate([0,5+bottom_duct_y_offset,29+bottom_duct_extension])
        rotate([-20,0,0])
          rounded_cube([bottom_duct_width+wt,bottom_duct_height+wt,0.1], r=1, center=true);
  } // hull
}

//
// Outer form of the whole duct
//
module outer_body() {
  translate([0,top_duct_extension,extra_inlet_depth/2]) rotate([180,0,0])
    sloping_cube(w1=fan_square+walls, w2=top_duct_width+walls, h1=fan_square+1+walls, h2=top_duct_total_height+walls, d1=total_inlet_depth, d2=20-total_inlet_depth+extra_inlet_depth/2, d3=23);
  intersection() {
    translate([0,top_duct_extension,extra_inlet_depth/2]) rotate([180,0,0])
      sloping_cube(w1=fan_square+walls, w2=top_duct_width+walls, h1=100, h2=100, d1=total_inlet_depth, d2=20-total_inlet_depth+extra_inlet_depth/2, d3=23);
    duct_outlet(walls);
  }
}

module fan_duct() {

  fins_diff = 19;

  efin = 1;
  sfin = efin - 2 - floor(top_duct_extension / fin_sum + 0.5);

  rotate([90,0,0]) difference() {

    color(outer_color) outer_body();

    //
    // Cutouts for the whole duct
    //
    color(inner_color) {
      union() {
        translate([0,top_duct_extension,extra_inlet_depth/2]) rotate([180,0,0])
          sloping_cube(w1=fan_square, w2=top_duct_width, h1=fan_square+1, h2=top_duct_total_height, d1=total_inlet_depth+0.1, d2=19.9-total_inlet_depth+extra_inlet_depth/2, d3=23.1);
        duct_outlet();
      }

      // Outlet cutouts
      translate([0,15,-fan_size]) rotate([-90,0,0]) union() {
        translate([0,0,top_duct_extension+(slop2+wall_thickness+1)/2]) {
          // Wide Notch for the heat sink
          cylinder(r=(heatsink_outer_diameter+slop2)/2, h=wall_thickness+1, center=true);
          translate([0,heatsink_outer_diameter/2]) cube([heatsink_outer_diameter+slop2,heatsink_outer_diameter,wall_thickness+1], center=true);
        }
        translate([0,0,-10.46-0.9]) {
          // Narrow notch for the heat break
          cylinder(r=(heatbreak_diameter+0.5+slop)/2, h=wall_thickness+1, center=true);
          translate([0,20/2]) cube([heatbreak_diameter+0.5+slop, 20, wall_thickness+1], center=true);
        }
      }
      } // color
  } // difference

  //
  // Inner fins for the hot-end to fit into
  //

  fin_count = floor(top_duct_total_height / fin_sum - 1);
  fin_last = floor(fin_count / 2);
  fin_first = fin_last - fin_count;

  difference() {
    color(outer_color) intersection() {
      rotate([90,0,0]) outer_body();

      translate([0,10+fan_depth,(top_duct_extension+top_duct_height+walls+3+fin_sum)/2])
        for (z=[fin_first:fin_last]) translate([0,0,z*fin_sum])
          cube([fan_square+1,38,space_between_fins-slop2], center=true);

      // translate([0, 10+fan_depth, 10.46])
      //   for (z=[fin_first:fin_last]) translate([0,0,z*fin_sum])
      //     cube([fan_square+1,38,space_between_fins-slop2], center=true);
    }
    // Between Fins, mounting
    color(inner_color)
      translate([0,10+fan_depth,(top_duct_extension+top_duct_height+walls+3+fin_sum)/2])
        for (z=[fin_first:fin_last]) translate([0,0,z*fin_sum]) {
        // Cut out a V then a straight part
        translate([0,-fins_diff/2]) {
          rotate([90,45,0]) cylinder($fn=4, r1=(heatsink_inner_diameter+slop)*1.414/2,r2=(fan_square+(10-fan_depth*0.5))*1.414/2+0.1, h=38-fins_diff+0.1, center=true);
          translate([0,32,0]) rotate([-90,45,0]) cylinder($fn=4, r1=(heatsink_inner_diameter+slop)*1.414/2,r2=fan_square*1.414/2+0.1, h=15, center=true);
          translate([0,38/2,0]) cube([heatsink_inner_diameter+slop,fins_diff+0.1,space_between_fins+0.1], center=true);
        }
      } // translate
    } // z loop

} // fan_duct

module print_part() {
  translate([0,0,extra_inlet_depth+fan_depth/2]) rotate([90,0,0]) fan_duct();
  // translate([0,0,0]) rotate([90,0,0])
    // sloping_cube(length=fan_square+1+walls, h1=fan_square+walls, h2=top_duct_total_height+walls, d1=total_inlet_depth, d2=20, d3=top_duct_total_height+walls);
}

if (display == 1) {
  print_part();
}
else {
  translate([0,0,arm_height/2+top_duct_extension]) {
    color([0.8,0.8,0.8,0.5]) arm_end();
    translate([0,-30,-56.8-top_duct_extension]) fan_duct();
  }
}

module rounded_cube(size=[1,1,1], r=0, center=false) {
  d = r * 2;
  w = d > size[0] ? 1 : size[0]-d;
  h = d > size[1] ? 1 : size[1]-d;
  // cube(size, center=center);
  minkowski() {
    cube([w,h,size[2]], center=center);
    cylinder(r=r, h=0.01, $fn=24, center=true);
  }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a puzzle similar to the Fleishman puzzle, and I'd like to have it be parametric so I can easily adjust the size, material thickness, and tolerances. I've seen a version on Thingiverse that uses OpenSCAD, and I've included that for reference.

Specifically, I need a design that creates a single puzzle piece. This piece should essentially be a flat cube with interlocking slots on each side. The slots should allow identical pieces to slide together.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I need to control:

*   **`size`**: This should define the overall width and height of the piece (in millimeters).
*   **`t`**: This should specify the material thickness.
*   **`tolerance`**: This is the extra width added to the slots to ensure that the pieces fit together comfortably.
*   **`w`**: This controls the distance between the panels of a slot.

I would also like to generate a preview model that shows how 6 of these puzzle pieces fit together.

My intention is to 3D print or laser cut these pieces. Please create an OpenSCAD file or files that I can use for this. I'm not particularly familiar with any specific libraries, but I think the basic features of OpenSCAD should be sufficient. Could you please make sure that the preview of the pieces is scaled in a way that makes the final model roughly 27 mm in width and height?

[Assistant]
fleishman-v2.scad:
```
// Width, height of the piece (millimeters)
size = 27; // [1:1:200]

// Material thickness
t = 1.85; // [0.2:0.05:20]

// Extra width of gaps w.r.t thickness
tolerance = 0.15; // [0:0.01:1]

// Distance between panels
w = 1.25; // [0.7:0.05:2.0]

/* [Hidden] */
rsize=size/10;
tol=tolerance/rsize;
tr=t/rsize;

//generate printable model
scale([rsize,rsize,rsize]) bit();

//example of animating the assembly
//anime=-10+$t*10; scale([rsize,rsize,rsize]) part();

//example of projection for exporting dxf
//projection(cut = false) scale([rsize,rsize,rsize]) bit();

module bit() {
	difference() {
		cube([10,10,tr], center=true);

#		translate([w,2,0])cube([tr+tol,10+tol*2,2], center=true);
#		translate([-w,2,0])cube([tr+tol,10+tol*2,2], center=true);
#		translate([8,w,0]) slot();
#		mirror([1,0,0]) translate([8,-w,0]) slot();
	}
}

module slot() {
	hull() {
		cube([10+tol*2,tr+tol,2], center=true);
		mirror([0,0,1])translate([-3.4,1.2,0])rotate([0,0,55]) cube([3,1,2], center=true);

	}
}

module part() {
	translate([0,anime,w]) bit();
	rotate([0,0,180]) translate([0,anime,-w]) bit();
	translate([anime,-w,0]) rotate([-90,-90,0]) bit();
	rotate([0,0,180]) translate([anime,-w,0]) rotate([90,90,0]) bit();
	rotate([-90,0,90]) translate([0,anime,-w]) bit();
    rotate([90,0,0]) rotate([0,-90,0]) translate([0,anime,w]) bit();
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'd like to design a parametric flashlight diffuser for 3D printing using OpenSCAD. I'm looking for a design that can be customized to fit various flashlight diameters, and offer a few different diffuser styles.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

**Core Functionality:**

*   The diffuser should have a sleeve that slips over the end of the flashlight, with a snug fit.
*   The main diffusing part should be customizable in terms of height and style.

**Parameters:**

I'd like to be able to control the following parameters:

*   `diameter`: This is the inner diameter of the sleeve that fits over the flashlight, which should be adjustable to accommodate different flashlights. It would be great if the design included some minor "bumps" or ridges on the sleeve for a more secure, friction fit.
*   `sleeve_height`: This is the height of the sleeve that fits over the flashlight.
*   `diffuser_height`: This is the height of the diffusing section, allowing me to make it taller or shorter as desired.
*   `diffuser_type`: This would be a variable to select the style of the diffuser and I'd like at least the following styles:
    *   `Dome`: A dome-shaped diffuser. I would like this to also include a `top_radius` parameter to control the size of the flat top (if any) and `top_fillet` to make it a round transition from the flat part to the dome.
    *   `None`: This would be an option to create only the sleeve portion for testing fit without any diffuser.
*   `cross_section`: This would be a boolean parameter which could be set to `true` or `false` to display a visual cutout of the entire design to help visualize internal structures.

**General Requirements:**

*   I need the design to use parameters and the design should be robust for a range of diameters (e.g., anything between 10mm and 50mm) as well as diffuser heights.
*   I'd also like to avoid printing issues, such as parts fusing during printing.
*   I'm also hoping for a design that handles small diameter flashlights well by not being overly complex.
*   I'd like to utilize the `on_arc` module from the `dotSCAD` library if possible (I don't need the library file itself). I've included the module in the attached file.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file or set of files (if necessary) that implement these specifications? Thanks!

[Assistant]
flashlight_diffuser.scad:
```
/**
 * Parametric module to create a flashlight diffuser.
 *
 * This OpenSCAD library is part of the [dotscad](https://github.com/dotscad/dotscad)
 * project, an open collection of modules and Things for 3d printing.  Please check there
 * for the latest versions of this and other related files.
 *
 * @copyright  Chris Petersen, 2016
 * @license    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/LGPL/2.1/
 * @license    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
 *
 * @see        http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1832034
 * @source     https://github.com/dotscad/things/blob/master/flashlight_diffuser/flashlight_diffuser.scad
 */

/* ******************************************************************************
 * Thingiverse Customizer parameters and rendering.
 * ****************************************************************************** */

/* ** Global tab is disabled because Customizer is broken ** [Global] */

// Inner diameter of the diffuser (e.g. 15.33 fits my Fenix LD02 AAA light)
diameter = 15.33;

// Height of the sleeve that fits over the end of the flashlight
sleeve_height = 12;

// Height of the diffuser (in case you want to make a tall one)
diffuser_height = 20;

// Type of diffuser to print (accepting pull requests for more).  Use None for testing diameter.
diffuser_type = "Dome"; // [Dome, None]

// Flat Top radius (set to 0 for a round dome)
top_radius = 7.5;

// Fillet roundover for the flat top
top_fillet = 2;

// Visual cutout to show internal structure
cross_section = false; // [true, false]

/* [Hidden] */

// Allow more triangles for a larger radius
$fn = (diameter < 40) ? 50 : 75;

// A global overlap variable (to prevent printing glitches)
$o = .1;

/* ******************************************************************************
 * Render the part
 * ****************************************************************************** */

diffuser(diameter/2, top_radius, top_fillet, sleeve_height, diffuser_type, diffuser_height, cross_section);

/* ******************************************************************************
 * Main module code below:
 * ****************************************************************************** */

// This module is copied into place so thingiverse customizer will work.
// @see https://github.com/dotscad/dotscad/blob/master/on_arc.scad
module on_arc(radius, angle) {
    x = radius - radius * cos(angle);
    y = radius * sin(angle);
    translate([x,y,0])
        rotate([0,0,-angle])
            children();
}

// Dome diffuser
module dome_diffuser(radius, top_r, top_fillet, wall, height) {
    // Yes, this is the opposite of the "diffuser" module.  It's on purpose.
    outer_r = radius;
    inner_r = radius - wall;
    // The absolute minimum "height" (center of sphere radius) for inner and outer parts
    outer_height = max(0, height - outer_r);
    inner_height = outer_height;

    difference() {
        union() {
            difference() {
                // outer dome
                union() {
                    hull() {
                        translate([0,0,outer_height]) difference() {
                            sphere(r=outer_r);
                            translate([0,0,-outer_r]) cylinder(r=outer_r*2, h=outer_r);
                        }
                        if (top_r > 0) {
                            translate([0,0,outer_height+outer_r-top_fillet]) {
                                rotate_extrude() {
                                    translate([top_r-top_fillet,0])
                                        circle(r=top_fillet);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    cylinder(r=outer_r, h=outer_height+$o);
                }
                // inner dome
                hull() {
                    translate([0,0,inner_height]) union() {
                        sphere(r=inner_r, $fn=8);
                        hull() {
                            cylinder(r=inner_r, h=$o);
                            translate([0,0,sin(45/2)*inner_r]) cylinder(r=inner_r * cos(45/2), h=$o, $fn=8);
                        }
                    }
                    cylinder(r=inner_r, h=$o);
                }
            }
        }
        // Chop off the bottom (and a bunch that might fall
        translate([0,0,-height]) cylinder(r=inner_r, h=height+$o);
    }
}

// Inner diffuser, since many LED flashlights are too focused and need to be spread out even more.
module inner_diffuser(radius, wall) {
    // Calculate the necessary radius value
    outer_r = radius + wall;
    // We don't want thickness to match the outer wall, just be as thin as
    // necessary to be strong but diffuse light.
    thickness = 1;
    // Calculate the height and top radius, based on the top of an octagon,
    // which should give us a 45 degree slope and a radius that matches the
    // top of the
    height = outer_r / (2 + sqrt(2));
    top_r = sqrt(2) * height;
    difference() {
        union() {
            // Top surface
            cylinder(r1=outer_r, r2=top_r, h=height);
            // Reinforcement to protect against jamming the diffuser on too hard
            translate([0,0,-thickness]) cylinder(r=outer_r, h=1+thickness);
        }
        // Lower surface
        translate([0,0,-thickness-$o]) cylinder(r1=outer_r, r2=top_r, h=height);
        // Poke a tiny hole through the center of this to prevent it from closing off the
        // inner core of the diffuser such that some slicers would allow it to be filled in.
        translate([top_r,0,0]) cylinder(r=.0001, h=radius+$o);
    }
}

module diffuser(radius, top_radius, top_fillet, sleeve_height, diffuser_type, diffuser_height, cross_section=false) {
    // Larger diameters seem to need more structure
    wall = (radius < 20) ? 1 : 2;
    // Calculate the inner and outer radius values
    inner_r = radius;
    outer_r = radius + wall;

    // Radius of the friction-fit bumps
    bump_r = .5;
    // Radius of the "circle" used for the sleeve stop ledge
    stop_r = sqrt(2)*1.5; // square rotated 45 degrees,

    // Normlize the top radius so it's not too small.
    // Will let users make their own choice about too big.
    top_r = max(top_radius, 0);

    difference() {
        union() {
            // Cone
            if (diffuser_type == "Dome")
                translate([0,0,sleeve_height-$o])
                    dome_diffuser(outer_r, top_r, top_fillet, wall, diffuser_height);
            // Internal diffuser
            if (diffuser_type != "None")
                translate([0,0,sleeve_height-bump_r])
                    inner_diffuser(radius, wall);
            // Sleeve
            difference() {
                cylinder(r=outer_r, h=sleeve_height+$o);
                translate([0,0,-$o]) cylinder(r=inner_r, h=sleeve_height*2);
            }
            // "fit" enhancements
            intersection() {
                // Copy of the cylinder above to prevent clipping outside of the main shape.
                // Includes a little extra height to let the stop-ring go high, in case this
                // is printed upside down.
                cylinder(r=outer_r, h=sleeve_height+$o+sqrt(2)*stop_r/2);
                union() {
                    // Friction-fit bumps
                    translate([-inner_r,0,bump_r])
                        for(a = [0 : 45 : 360])
                        on_arc(inner_r, a) {
                            hull() {
                                translate([-bump_r,0,0]) sphere(r=bump_r);
                                translate([0,0,sleeve_height-bump_r*2]) sphere(r=bump_r);
                            }
                        }
                    // A stop, so you don't press it on too far (also reinforces the internal diffuser)
                    // Commented out because the inner diffuser performs this function.
                    *translate([0,0,sleeve_height - .8]) rotate_extrude()
                        translate([inner_r, -sqrt(2)*stop_r/2]) hull() {
                            rotate(45) square(stop_r);
                            translate([0,.8]) rotate(45) square(stop_r);
                        }
                }
            }
        }
        // Cutout for testing purposes (openscad wireframe is too slow these days)
        if (cross_section) {
            translate([-radius*2,-radius*2,-1]) cube([radius*4,radius*4,(sleeve_height+diffuser_height)*4], center=true);
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'd like to create a parametric OpenSCAD design for some classic space invaders that I can 3D print. I've got the basic concept, but need help with the actual code.

Here's what I'm looking for:

1.  **Multiple Invader Designs:** I need to be able to choose between five different invader shapes: three different alien types, a space ship, and a gun ship, like in the classic game.
2.  **Pixelated Style:** The invaders should be made up of individual cubes, like they are in the 8-bit game. I'll call them "pixels" for the sake of this request.
3.  **Parametric Pixel Size and Height:** I need to be able to adjust the size of the square pixel (both width and depth) and also the height of the pixels (z-axis).
4.  **Easy Selection:** I want a user-friendly way to select which invader design to generate (e.g., maybe a variable that controls this).

I'm not too worried about the exact positioning/arrangement of each type, just as long as they're built of those pixels and can be selected parametrically. I hope this isn't too vague!

[Assistant]
spaceInvaders.scad:
```
/***********************************************************************
Name ......... : spaceInvaders.scad
Description....: Space Invaders
Author ....... : Garrett Melenka
Version ...... : V1.0 2016/10/15
Licence ...... : GPL
***********************************************************************/

//Dimensions for Space Invaders
//Pixel Size- size of each square
pixelSize = 10;
//Pixel Height- height of each square
pixelHeight = 10;

invaderSelect = 4; //[1:Invader 01, 2:Invader 02, 3:Invader 03, 4: Space Ship, 5: Gun Ship ]

//Matricies to setup the different space invaders
invader01 = [[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0],
             [0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],
             [0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0],
             [0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
             [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1],
             [0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0]];

invader02 = [[0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0],
             [0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0],
             [0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0],
             [0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0],
             [0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0],
             [0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0],
             [0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0],
             [0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0]];

invader03 = [[0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0],
             [0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0],
             [0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0],
             [0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0],
             [0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0],
             [0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0],
             [0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0],
             [0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0]];

invader04 = [[0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0],
             [0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0],
             [0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0],
             [0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0],
             [0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0]];

invader05 = [[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0],
             [0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0],
             [0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0],
             [0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0],
             [0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]];

module pixel()
{

    cube(size = [pixelSize, pixelSize, pixelHeight], center = true);
}

module invader()
{

    for(i = [0:8])
    {
        for(j = [0:15])
        {
            //invader 01.
            if (invaderSelect ==1)
            {
            if (invader01[i][j] == 1)
            {

            translate([pixelSize*i, pixelSize*j,0])
            {
                pixel();
            }
            }

            }
            //invader 2
            if (invaderSelect == 2)
            {
            if (invader02[i][j] == 1)
            {

            translate([pixelSize*i, pixelSize*j,0])
            {
                pixel();
            }
            }
            }
            //invader 3
            if (invaderSelect == 3)
            {
            //echo(invader01[i][j]);
            if (invader03[i][j] == 1)
            {

            translate([pixelSize*i, pixelSize*j,0])
            {
                pixel();
            }
            }
            }
            //space ship
            if (invaderSelect == 4)
            {

            if (invader04[i][j] == 1)
            {

            translate([pixelSize*i, pixelSize*j,0])
            {
                pixel();
            }
            }
            }

            //Gun ship
            if (invaderSelect == 5)
            {
            if (invader05[i][j] == 1)
            {

            translate([pixelSize*i, pixelSize*j,0])
            {
                pixel();
            }
            }
            }

        }
    }

}
//Show the space invader
invader();
```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable set of Pac-Man ghosts using OpenSCAD. I have a basic design laid out, which I'll describe, but I'd really like the design to be more flexible and parameterized.

My current approach uses pixel-like cubes to form the ghosts. Each ghost is defined by a 2D array where a value of `1` indicates a solid cube, a `2` in the first ghost design indicates a white cube, and `0` indicates no cube. I'd like to be able to easily switch between different ghost designs by changing a variable.

Here are the key requirements:

1.  **Pixel-Based Design:** The ghosts should be built from individual cubes, similar to the pixel art style in the code provided. I'd like to keep the `pixelSize` and `pixelHeight` as parameters.
2.  **Multiple Ghost Types:** I have two different ghost layouts right now, stored as `ghost01` and `ghost02`.  It should be easy to add more ghost layouts as 2D arrays and select them using a variable.
3.  **Color Customization:** Right now, the `ghost01` design has white squares using the color function. I'd like to be able to set the color of different parts of the ghosts, perhaps using a palette or individual colors for each number in the ghost array. For example, `1` could have one color, `2` another, and so on.
4. **Ghost Scaling:** It should be possible to scale the entire ghost up or down by a factor - I'm thinking a simple variable that just multiplies pixel sizes.
5. **Parameterization:** All the main properties like `pixelSize`, `pixelHeight`, the chosen ghost, colors, and the global scale, should be exposed as parameters that can be changed in the Customizer.

Essentially, I'm looking for a parametric OpenSCAD file that generates different Pac-Man ghosts based on the parameters I set in the Customizer. The file should be well-organized and easy to modify. I don't need the libraries to be included in the response - I have those and I'll handle that on my side. The file or files should use the pixelated ghost structure that I've shown.

[Assistant]
pacmanGhost.scad:
```
/***********************************************************************
Name ......... : pacmanGhost.scad
Description....: Pacman Ghosts
Author ....... : Garrett Melenka
Version ...... : V1.0 2016/10/15
Licence ...... : GPL
***********************************************************************/

//Dimensions for Ghosts
//Pixel Size- size of each square
pixelSize = 5;
//Pixel Height- height of each square
pixelHeight = 5;

ghostSelect = 1; //[1:Ghost 01, 2:Ghost 02]

//Matricies to setup the different Pacman Ghosts
ghost01 =   [[0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0],
             [0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0],
             [0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0],
             [0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0],
             [0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0],
             [0,2,2,0,0,1,1,2,2,0,0,1,1,1,0],
             [1,2,2,0,0,1,1,2,2,0,0,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
             [1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1],
             [1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1]];

ghost02 = [[0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0],
           [0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0],
           [0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0],
           [0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0],
           [0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0],
           [0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0],
           [1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0],
           [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0],
           [1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0],
           [1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0],
           [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0],
           [1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0],
           [0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0]];

module pixel()
{

    cube(size = [pixelSize, pixelSize, pixelHeight], center = true);
}

module pacmanGhost()
{

    for(i = [0:14])
    {
        for(j = [0:14])
        {
            //ghost 01
            if (ghostSelect ==1)
            {
            if (ghost01[i][j] == 1)
            {

            translate([pixelSize*i, pixelSize*j,0])
            {
                pixel();
            }
            }

            if (ghost01[i][j] == 2)
            {

            translate([pixelSize*i, pixelSize*j,0])
            {
                color([1,1,1])
                pixel();
            }
            }

            }
            //ghost 02
            if (ghostSelect == 2)
            {
            if (ghost02[i][j] == 1)
            {

            translate([pixelSize*i, pixelSize*j,0])
            {
                pixel();
            }
            }
            }

        }
    }

}
//Show the Ghost
pacmanGhost();
```


[User]
Hey there, I'm trying to design a magnetic push rod for my delta printer, and I need some help with the OpenSCAD code. I'm envisioning a design that's similar to what I've seen, with a cylindrical rod body and threaded ball joints on each end. I'm not experienced enough with OpenSCAD to put this into practice, so I was hoping you could write the code.

Specifically, I'd like the following features:

*   **Threaded Ball Joints:** I need a way to attach threaded balls on either end of the rod. I'm using 10mm diameter balls, but I'd like to make it parametric so I can use 8mm or 12mm as well.
*   **Rod Body:** The main body of the push rod should be cylindrical with a diameter I can adjust. Maybe around 14mm to start, but it should be parametric.
*  **Length:** The total length of the push rod, measured center-to-center between the ball joints, should also be parametric. I'm starting at 288mm but need to be able to change it.
*   **Grub Screws:** The ball joints will be secured with grub screws, and I want to create holes for those.  The screws I'm using are 4mm in diameter. I would like to make this parametric as well.
*   **Nut Traps:** I need a way to capture a nut on each end for the grub screw to press against. These should be created in the rod body and be parametric.
*   **Tapering:** For aesthetics, I was hoping to taper down to the main rod body. The taper should be parametric.

So, to summarize, I need a parametric OpenSCAD file that creates the magnetic push rod body with threaded ball joint sockets, grub screw holes, and nut traps. The parameters should be:

*   `ballDiameter` (8, 10, or 12 mm)
*   `rodDiameter` (5 to 20 mm, for example)
*   `pushRodLength` (50 to 400 mm, for example)
*   `grubScrewDiameter` (3, 4, or 5 mm)
*   `grubScrewLength` (5 to 50 mm, for example)
*   `nutTrapOffset` (4 to 30 mm, for example)
*   `nutTrapWidth`
*   `nutTrapHeight`
*   `taperLength`
*   `rodSideCount`
*   `nutSideCount`

I don't need any external libraries; just a base OpenSCAD file should be perfect. Thanks a bunch!

[Assistant]
magneticPushRod.scad:
```
// Threaded ball diameter in mm
ballDiameter = 10; // [8, 10, 12]

// Thickness of the push rod
rodDiameter = 14; // [5:20]

// Total intended push rod length (center to center between ball joints)
pushRodLength = 288; // [50:400]

// Width of the grub screw
grubScrewDiameter = 4; // [3,4,5]

// Maximum length of the grub screw
grubScrewLength = 20; // [5:50]

// Nut trap distance from rod end
nutTrapOffset = 12; // [4:30]

// Width of the nut trap
nutTrapWidth = 9;

// Height of the nut trap
nutTrapHeight = 3;

/* [Hidden] */
lipWidth = 1;
taperLength = 3;
rodSideCount = 6;
nutSideCount = 6;

difference() {
    hull() {
        cylinder(r=lipWidth + ballDiameter/4, h=pushRodLength-ballDiameter, $fn=rodSideCount);
        translate([0,0,taperLength])
            cylinder(r=rodDiameter/2, h=pushRodLength-ballDiameter-2*taperLength, $fn=rodSideCount);
    };
    for (i = [[0,0],[pushRodLength-ballDiameter,180]]) {
        translate([0,0,i[0]]) rotate([i[1],0,0]) {
            cylinder(r=grubScrewDiameter/2, h=grubScrewLength, $fn=90);
            translate([0,0,nutTrapOffset])
                hull() {
                    cylinder(r=nutTrapWidth/2, h=nutTrapHeight, $fn=nutSideCount);
                    translate([0,rodDiameter/2,0])
                        cylinder(r=nutTrapWidth/2, h=nutTrapHeight, $fn=nutSideCount);
                };
        }
    };
}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric cable clip, similar to the one described in the provided text, but I'd like to define my parameters in a slightly more user-friendly way, and have the option of generating both the base and the clip separately.

Here's what I need:

**Core Design:**

*   The clip consists of a circular base and a rotatable clip.
*   The base should have a channel in the center for the cable to pass through, and have two small spheres for mounting.
*   The clip should be hinged to the base such that it can rotate around an axis and be easily opened or closed.
*   The clip should have a small channel that fits a filament width that will allow it to stay closed with a snap fit.
*   I want to be able to print just the base, just the clip, or both.

**Parameters (to be user-adjustable):**

*   `cable_diameter`: The diameter of the cable that the clip will hold.
*   `base_outer_diameter`: The outer diameter of the circular base. This would be larger than the `cable_diameter`.
*   `filament_diameter`: The diameter of the 3D printer filament used.
*   `clip_width`: The width of the clip (and height of the base), measured along the rotation axis.
*  `snap_fit_tolerance`: A tolerance value that allows the snap fit to be easily engaged and disengaged, while still holding closed
*   `mount_sphere_radius`: the size of the mounting spheres on the base
*   `base_thickness`: The thickness of the base
*   `clip_offset`: The distance between the center of the rotation and the center of the clip part of the rotatable piece.
*  `hinge_pin_radius`: The radius of the pin on the base that the clip will attach to.

**Output:**

I'd like a way to specify whether I want to print the `base`, the `clip`, or `both`. I would like for the `.scad` file to generate an STL file for each option separately, and label them in the filename for easy use.

**Libraries:**

I do not believe any external libraries are necessary for this design, but let me know if I am incorrect.

Could you create this for me?

[Assistant]
Cable-Clip.scad:
```
// Base diameter, default is 30
diameter = 30;
// Diameter of cable. Don't forget to change the base diameter also if needed. If larger than 20 you may whant to scale the whole thing.
diameter_cable = 10;
// e.g. 1.75, 2.85, ...
filament_width = 1.75;

// Select what to print
print = 0; // [0:Both, 1:Base, 2:Clip]

/* [Hidden] */
r = diameter/2;
r_cable = diameter_cable/2;
clip_width = 5*diameter/30;

if(print == 0 || print == 1) base();
if(print == 0 || print == 2) rotate([print==2?90:0, 0 ,0]) difference() {
    clip();
    clip_hole();
}

module base() {
    difference() {
        sphere(r=r+0.2, $fn=100);
        translate([0,0,-500-(diameter/12)]) cube([1000,1000,1000], center=true);
        translate([0,0,r-0.8*r_cable]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=r_cable, h=100, $fn=50, center=true);
        clip(1.2);
        clip_hole();
    }
    translate([-r+4.5,0,8]) {
        translate([0,clip_width/2+0.7,0]) sphere(1, $fn=20, center=true);
        translate([0,-clip_width/2-0.7,0]) sphere(1, $fn=20, center=true);
    }
}

module clip(scale=1) {
    difference() {
        rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=r*scale, h=clip_width*scale, $fn=100, center=true);
        scale([0.7,1,1]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=r-((clip_width-2)*0.8*scale), h=50, $fn=100, center=true);
        translate([0,0,-45]) cube(100, center=true);
    }
    // rotate
    translate([r-6*0.7, 0, 5]) rotate([90,0,0]) difference() {
        cylinder(r=3.5*scale, h=clip_width*scale, center=true, $fn=30);
    }
    // handle
    translate([-r+1, 0, 5+1]) rotate([90,0,0]) {
        cylinder(r=1, h=clip_width, center=true, $fn=30);
    }
}

module clip_hole() {
    translate([r-6*0.7, 6, 5]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=(filament_width/2 + 0.1), h=2*r, $fn=30);
    translate([r-6*0.7, 2.9, 5]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=(filament_width/2 + 0.1)*1.2, h=2*r, $fn=30);
}
```