[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a parabolic reflector, something like a dish shape that can focus light. I've seen a few examples online, but I want to make one that's fully parametric so I can easily adjust its size and focal point.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Shape:** The reflector should be a parabolic shape, defined by the equation y = kx², where the focal length is 1/(4k).
*   **Parameters:** I need to be able to control:
    *   `Plate_Width`: The overall width of the reflector.
    *   `Plate_Height`: The height of the reflector (how deep the dish is).
    *  `Plate_Thickness`: The thickness of the material used to create the reflector.
    *   `focal_length`: The focal length of the parabola.
*   **Construction:** I'd like the reflector to be created by a smooth surface that is generated by hulling several cylinders to create the parabolic shape. I need to subtract out from the bottom of the dish to get a final thickness I need.
*   **Output:** I need the code to output a single .scad file that I can easily modify.
*   **Units:** I'm comfortable working with mm as my base unit, but would like to be able to define a inch variable that is set to 25.4mm for any calculations.

Also, I'd like to make sure the surface is fairly smooth so please include a way for me to define the `numfaces` for the parabolic surface. It'd be nice if I could change this to make a better render if I need it, but I don't want it to be too high by default.

I was thinking it would be really nice to add some text to label the focal length and maybe a little stand that shows the focal point, but I'm not worried about that right now. I'd rather focus on getting the main reflector working first.

Can you generate an OpenSCAD file for this?

[Assistant]
parabolic_plate.scad:
```
// Created by Andrew Moore 2016
//  For questions, please PM me on Thingiverse
//  www.thingiverse.com/TacPar
//
//  Builds a parabolic plate
//  according to the formula:
//         y= kx^2
//
//  Where the focal length is 1/(4*k)
//
//
//  This code is designed for
//  ease of use, not for computational
//  efficiency. You must be patient
//  when rendering!
//=============================

//to do:
//      Add text label for parabola parameters
//      Add base with indicator of focal point

//=============================
//Global Constants:
//  Don't change these. It will break the code.
//=============================
inch = 25.4+0;//added zero to remove variable from customizer

//=============================
//Compiler Options:
//These will change your viewing options in OpenSCAD
//=============================
$fn = 30+0; //added zero to remove variable from customizer

//=============================
//Global Print Variables:
//  These variables will adjust how the part is printed
//  but not affect the overall part shape
//=============================
numfaces = 50+0; //this adjusts how smooth the parabolic shape will be

//=============================
//Global Mechanical Variables:
//  Change these to adjust physical properties of the part
//=============================
Plate_Width = 101.6;//4*inch;
Plate_Height = 76.2;//3*inch;
Plate_Thickness = 4.76;//3/16*inch;
focal_length = 25.4;

//==============================
//Calculated Variables:
//Do not Change these directly
//==============================
k=1/(4*focal_length);

module main()
{
    //add global logic and call part modules here
    difference()
    {
        hull()
        {
            parabolic_dish();
        }
        translate([0,Plate_Thickness, -0.01]) scale([1,1,1.1]) hull()
        {
            parabolic_dish();
        }
    }

}

module parabolic_dish()
{

   difference()
   {
		positives();
		negatives();
    }
   module positives()
   {
        for(i=[0:numfaces/2])
        {
            xi = i*Plate_Width/numfaces;
            yi = k*(xi*xi);

            translate([xi,yi,0])
                cylinder(r=Plate_Thickness/2, h=Plate_Height);

            translate([-xi,yi,0])
                cylinder(r=Plate_Thickness/2, h=Plate_Height);
        }
   }
    module negatives()
   {
       //Use this section to put holes in the part
       //for example: mounting holes, etc.
   }
}

//execute program and draw the part(s)
main();
```
parabolic_plate.scad:
```
// Created by Andrew Moore 2016
//  For questions, please PM me on Thingiverse
//  www.thingiverse.com/TacPar
//
//  Builds a parabolic plate
//  according to the formula:
//         y= kx^2
//
//  Where the focal length is 1/(4*k)
//
//
//  This code is designed for
//  ease of use, not for computational
//  efficiency. You must be patient
//  when rendering!
//=============================

//to do:
//      Add text label for parabola parameters
//      Add base with indicator of focal point

//=============================
//Global Constants:
//  Don't change these. It will break the code.
//=============================
inch = 25.4;

//=============================
//Compiler Options:
//These will change your viewing options in OpenSCAD
//=============================
$fn = 30;

//=============================
//Global Print Variables:
//  These variables will adjust how the part is printed
//  but not affect the overall part shape
//=============================
numfaces = 50; //this adjusts how smooth the parabolic shape will be

//=============================
//Global Mechanical Variables:
//  Change these to adjust physical properties of the part
//=============================
Plate_Width = 4*inch;
Plate_Height = 3*inch;
Plate_Thickness = 3/16*inch;
focal_length = 1*inch;

//==============================
//Calculated Variables:
//Do not Change these directly
//==============================
k=1/(4*focal_length);

module main()
{
    //add global logic and call part modules here
    difference()
    {
        hull()
        {
            parabolic_dish();
        }
        translate([0,Plate_Thickness, -0.01]) scale([1,1,1.1]) hull()
        {
            parabolic_dish();
        }
    }

}

module parabolic_dish()
{

   difference()
   {
		positives();
		negatives();
    }
   module positives()
   {
        for(i=[0:numfaces/2])
        {
            xi = i*Plate_Width/numfaces;
            yi = k*(xi*xi);

            translate([xi,yi,0])
                cylinder(r=Plate_Thickness/2, h=Plate_Height);

            translate([-xi,yi,0])
                cylinder(r=Plate_Thickness/2, h=Plate_Height);
        }
   }
    module negatives()
   {
       //Use this section to put holes in the part
       //for example: mounting holes, etc.
   }
}

//execute program and draw the part(s)
main();
```


[User]
Hi there, I'm looking to create a customizable mold for making personalized Formcard-like objects out of moldable plastic. I've seen some examples online, and I'd like to create something similar. The mold should be able to produce a card-shaped plastic item with embossed text on it.

Specifically, I need the following:

*   **Card Dimensions:** The final plastic card should be approximately 85mm long, 54mm wide, and 1.5mm thick.
*   **Mold Dimensions:** The mold itself should have a form-fit cavity for the card, with rounded edges on the interior where the plastic card will rest. It should be thick enough to provide a solid form (around 10mm),
*   **Text Embossing:** I need the ability to emboss text on the card. The text should be inset into the card, about 1.5mm deep. The text should be configurable - I need to be able to specify the string, font size, and font type. I also need a boolean to mirror the text for molding purposes.
*   **Mold Edge:** The interior edges of the mold that create the card's perimeter should have a rounded profile, meaning that the internal edges should not be sharp.
*   **Overflow Ports:** There should be small overflow ports in each corner of the mold. These should be cylindrical, about 1mm diameter, expanding to 2mm, and extruding up and away from the mold.
*   **Parametric Design:** I'd like all of these dimensions to be parametric so I can tweak them.

I don't have any existing code, so I'm hoping you can help me create a completely new set of OpenSCAD files. I'd prefer if it didn't rely on any external libraries like MCAD or BOSL. Thanks in advance!

[Assistant]
formcard_text.scad:
```
// Created by Andrew Moore 2016
//  http://www.thingiverse.com/tacpar
//
//
//=============================

//=============================
//Global Constants:
//  Don't change these. It will break the code.
//=============================
inch = 25.4;

//=============================
//Compiler Options:
//These will change your viewing options in OpenSCAD
//=============================

//=============================
//Global Print Variables:
//  These will adjust how the part is printed but not affect the overall part shape
//=============================
$fn = 20;

//=============================
//Global Mechanical Variables:
//  Change these to adjust physical properties of the part
//=============================
card_len = 85;
card_width = 54;
card_thickness = 1.5;
form_thickness = 10;
margin = 0.25*inch;
card_text = "TacPar";
card_font_size = 14;
text_depth = 1.5;
mink_edge_size = 1.75;

//mirror_image inverts the text so the molded part comes out correct
mirror_image = true;

//==============================
//Calculated Variables: k
//Do not Change these directly
//==============================
//clearance fit for 1/4-20" bolt
//through_hole_dia = inch*17/64;
through_hole_dia = inch*0;

module main()
{
    //add global logic and call part modules here
    difference()
    {
        translate([0,0,form_thickness]) Mold_Base();
        translate([0,0,form_thickness-card_thickness-text_depth]) text_inlay(card_text, card_font_size,"Arial");
    }
}

module Mold_Base()
{
   difference()
   {
		positives();
		negatives();
    }
   module positives()
   {
      translate([0,0,-form_thickness/2]) cube([card_len+2*margin, card_width+2*margin, form_thickness],center=true);
   }
    module negatives()
   {

       minkowski()
      {
         translate([0,0,0.0]) cube([card_len-mink_edge_size, card_width-mink_edge_size, 2*card_thickness-mink_edge_size],center=true);
         sphere(r=mink_edge_size);
         //rotate([45,45,45]) cube([mink_edge_size,mink_edge_size,mink_edge_size]);
      }

      translate([(card_len-0.5)/2, -(card_width+margin)/2,0])outlet();
      translate([-(card_len-0.5)/2, (card_width+margin)/2,0]) rotate([0,0,180])outlet();
      translate([-(card_len+margin)/2,-(card_width-0.5)/2,0])rotate([0,0,-90])outlet();
      translate([(card_len+margin)/2,(card_width-0.5)/2,0]) rotate([0,0,90])outlet();
   }

    module outlet()
	{
		difference()
		{
			positives();
			negatives();
		}
		module positives()
		{
			rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r1=1, r2=2, h=2*margin, center=true);
		}
		module negatives()
		{

		}
	}

}

module text_inlay(card_text="card text goes here", card_txt_size=9,label_font = "Arial")
{
	difference()
	{
		linear_extrude(height=text_depth){
            positives();
        }
		negatives();
	}
	module positives()
	{
        if (mirror_image)
        {
            mirror()
            {
                text(card_text, size=card_txt_size,font=label_font, valign="center", halign="center");
            }
        }
        else
        {
                text(card_text, size=card_txt_size,font=label_font, valign="center", halign="center");
        }
	}
	module negatives()
	{

	}

}

//execute program and draw the part(s)
main();
```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric Cassegrain reflector dish, similar to the one described in the paper by Peter Hannan, "Microwave antennas derived from the cassegrain telescope." I want to be able to adjust the dimensions to experiment with different configurations.

Specifically, I need a design with the following adjustable parameters:

*   `focal_main`: The focal length of the main reflector (paraboloid).
*   `diameter_main`: The diameter of the main reflector.
*   `x_e`: The distance below the bottom of the main reflector where the focal point (waveguide input/output) should be located.
*   `diameter_secondary`: The diameter of the secondary reflector (hyperboloid).
*   `number_of_struts`: The number of struts supporting the secondary reflector. This should be selectable between 0 and 4.
*   `$fn`: The number of segments used to approximate a circle. I'd prefer to keep this as an adjustable parameter so I can control the smoothness and file size.

The design should include the following components:

*   A main reflector, shaped like a paraboloid with a hole at its center.
*   A secondary reflector, shaped like a hyperboloid.
*   A waveguide (a simple cylinder) placed at the focal point.
*   Struts to connect the main and secondary reflectors.
*   A ruler, used to measure the distance between the two reflectors and the focus point. This part doesn't need to be permanently attached or functional.

I'd like to be able to switch between a few display modes for the parts:
*   A "mockup" mode, where all the parts are displayed in their assembled positions, for visualization.
*   A "solid" mode, where the parts are displayed in their assembled positions, but with overlap so that they render as one solid piece.
*   A "printable" mode, where the parts are arranged for easy printing on a flat bed.

It would be very helpful if you could generate the OpenSCAD code for this, and include the equations from the Hannan paper to derive the dimensions for the secondary reflector. The units for all dimensions should be consistent (e.g. millimeters). I think this should probably be done in a single `.scad` file.

[Assistant]
Cassegrain_Dish.scad:
```
//Cassegrain Dish
//Ari M Diacou
//December 2016

/***************Source***************\
Peter Hannan, "Microwave antennas derived from the cassegrain telescope," in IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 140-153, March 1961.

URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1144976&isnumber=25737

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1144976/
https://sci-hub.cc/10.1109/TAP.1961.1144976
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.1961.1144976
\************************************/
/*///////////////////////// Instructions //////////////////////////////
This thing creates a customizable Cassegrain Reflector dish. It was created using the equations from the paper by Peter Hannan, "Microwave antennas derived from the cassegrain telescope," in IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 140-153, March 1961.

If you are using customizer, playing with values, use the "mockup" mode. If you want to print it straight (which you should only use if you are using a resin printer or Shapeways or another fused dust printer), then use "solid". "For printing" should be used on a FFF printer (most of you). If using an FFF printer, the pieces are arranged so that they can be printed best on a flat bed. Feel free to rearrange the pieces on your slicer. The STLs provided will work if scaled all by the same amount, but the physics will not work out if you have different scaling for x,y,z.

If printing on an FFF printer, use supports for the dish. Infill doesnt matter as long as there are no holes in your pieces. Once all the pieces are printed, the waveguide gets glueed (I recommend a clear superglue, like cyanoacrylate) to the back of the main reflector. The struts get glued to the main reflector and the secondary reflector. The bulge on the scondary reflector is supposed to point towards the concave part of the main reflector. The spike looking thing is a ruler. You stick the thin end in the hole of the main reflector, and the secondary reflector sits on top of the ruler, so that you know how far apart they are supposed to be. The thin part of the ruler measuers the distance between the reflecting face of the main reflector, and where the focus/sensor/microphone/speaker/lightbulb is supposed to be. Check "mockup" mode if you are unsure how the pieces are supposed to be arranged. The ruler is not to be glued to any pieces. Remove the ruler (I guess by cutting it in half) once you have assembled the struts and secondary reflector.

Theory
Cassegrain reflectors are used in radio telescopes, and are based off of the optical Cassegrain Telescopes. While Cassegrain reflectors will work theoretically with any wave, the physics assumptions that they are designed with assume that the distance between the main and secondary reflectors is more than 3 wavelengths. This can present problems if you are using this for Radio or Sound waves. But, if you know enough physics to want to use a cassegrain reflector as a tool, you can figure out how to calculate the wavelength of the signal you are using (Hint: λ=v/f).

Suggestions for use as a tool:
    ►Stick the waveguide in you ear, see what you can hear.
    ►Glue aluminum foil to the main and secondary reflectors, and use it as a flashlight by putting an LED in the waveguide.
    ►Glue aluminum foil to the main and secondary reflectors, stick a coil of wire in the waveguide, and use it as a radio receiver.
    ►Glue aluminum foil to the main and secondary reflectors, stick an IR photodiode in the waveguide, and use it in photo-communications projects. Bonus points if you mod one of your home entertainment systems to use this!    */

//////////////////////////// Parameters ///////////////////////////////
//is the focal lenth of the main reflector.
focal_main=20;
//is the diameter of the main refector.
diameter_main=30;
//is the distance below the bottom of the reflector that you want the electronics to be (the collector point, or the real focus of the whole system).
x_e=2;
//is the diameter of the secondary reflector.
diameter_secondary=5;
//How do you want your parts arranged?
display_type=2;//[1:Mockup,2:Solid,3:For Printing]
//that support the secondary reflector from the main reflector
number_of_struts=3;//[0,1,2,3,4]
//is the number of segments make up a circle. Higher is smoother, but with larger file size, and longer rendering time. Customizer will fail silently if there are too many facets.
$fn=20;
/*[Hidden]*/
//////////////////////// Derived Parameters ///////////////////////////
//Suggested filename
echo(str("Suggested filename: Cassegrain Dish ",type_string,"-Fm=",focal_main,"Dm=",diameter_main,"Xe=",x_e,"Ds=",diameter_secondary,"Ns=",number_of_struts));
type_string=(display_type==1)?"mockup":((display_type==2)?"solid":"printable");
//epsilon, a small value used to ensure mainfold-ness
ep=0+0.05;
//The thickness of the main reflector, and the added thickness of the secondary reflector
thickness=0.05*diameter_main;
//The angle that the edges of the mirrors make with the virtual focus (
focal_collector=focal_main+x_e+thickness;
phi_v=2*atan(diameter_main/focal_main/4); //Hannan, Eq. 1
//The angle between the boresight axis (z), the real focal point (C, which is x_e behind the main reflector), and the edge of the secondary reflector
phi_r=atan(1/(2*(focal_collector)/diameter_secondary-1/tan(phi_v))); //Hannan, Eq. 2
//The eccentricty of a hyperbola (http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hyperbola.html, Eq. 9)
e=sin((phi_v+phi_r)/2)/sin((phi_v-phi_r)/2); //Hannan, Eq. 5.e
//In the canonical form of a hyperbola (x/a)^2-(y/b)^2=1, these are the cononical denominators (http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hyperbola.html, Eq. 7)
a=(focal_collector)/e/2; //Hannan, Eq. 5.a
b=a*sqrt(e*e-1); //Hannan, Eq. 5.b
l_v=(focal_collector)*(1-1/e)/2; //Hannan, Eq. 3
//The highest point on the edge of the secondary dish
x_s_max=x_secondary(diameter_secondary/2);
//The highest point on the edge of the main dish
x_m_max=x_main(diameter_main/2);
//The number of radial steps that make the curve of the main dish,smaller steps means more facets
step_main=focal_main*tan(360/$fn/3);
//The number of radial steps that make the curve of the main dish,smaller steps means more facets
step_secondary=l_v*tan(360/$fn/2);
//echo(str("$fn=",$fn,", phi_v=",phi_v," step_main=",step_main));
//echo(str("$fn=",$fn,", phi_v=",phi_v," step_secondary=",step_secondary));
//The diameter of the hole in the main reflector
hole_diameter=1+1.03*(focal_collector-focal_main)*diameter_secondary/(focal_collector-l_v)/2;
ms_dimensions=[hole_diameter*1.25,min(2,thickness),focal_main-l_v-x_main(hole_diameter*1.25/2)];
mc_dimensions=[hole_diameter/2,min(2,thickness,hole_diameter/2),thickness+x_e+ep];
strut_thickness=thickness;
////////////////////////////// Main() /////////////////////////////////
if(display_type==1){
    color("slategrey") translate([0,0,-focal_main-thickness-ep]) main_mirror();
    color("slategrey") translate([0,0,-l_v+ep]) secondary_mirror();
    #translate([0,0,-l_v])
        ruler();
    color("grey") translate([0,0,-focal_main-x_e-thickness-2*ep]) waveguide();
    for(j=[0:number_of_struts-1])
        rotate([90,0,j*360/number_of_struts])
            strut();
    }
else if(display_type==2){
    color("slategrey")
        translate([0,0,-focal_main-thickness+1*ep])
            main_mirror();
    color("slategrey")
        translate([0,0,-l_v-1*ep])
            secondary_mirror();
    color("grey")
        translate([0,0,-focal_main-x_e-thickness+2*ep])
            waveguide();
    for(j=[0:number_of_struts-1])
        rotate([90,0,j*360/number_of_struts])
            translate([-ep-0.02*diameter_secondary,0,0])
                strut();
    }
else{
    color("slategrey")
        translate([0,0,0])
            main_mirror();
    color("slategrey")
        translate([0,.5*diameter_main+2*strut_thickness+diameter_secondary,thickness])
            mirror([0,0,1]) secondary_mirror();
    color("grey")
        translate(diameter_main*[-.4,.6,0])
            waveguide();
    for(j=[0:number_of_struts-1])
        translate([.6*diameter_main+strut_thickness,(2*j+0)*strut_thickness+.7*(focal_main+l_v),0])
            rotate([0,0,-phi_v])
                translate([(3*j+1)*strut_thickness,0,0])
                    strut();
    translate([-.8*diameter_main,-.5*focal_main,0])
        rotate([90,0,0])
            ruler();
    }
//////////////////////////// Functions ////////////////////////////////
module strut(){
    A=[diameter_secondary/2,-l_v+x_s_max];
    B=A+[strut_thickness,0];
    C=B+[0,thickness];
    H=[.49*diameter_main,-focal_main+x_m_max];
    D=H+[2*strut_thickness,0];
    E=D+[0,-thickness];
    F=E+[-strut_thickness,0];
    G=(H+D)/2;

    strut_points=[A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H];
    //echo(struct_points);
    //*for(i=[0:len(struct_points)-1])
    //    translate(struct_points[i])
    //        #text(chr(65+i),size=.6*strut_thickness);
    translate([0,0,-strut_thickness/2])
        linear_extrude(strut_thickness)
            polygon(strut_points);
    }

module waveguide(){
    if(x_e>thickness){
        linear_extrude(x_e-0*thickness){
            difference(){
                circle(d=hole_diameter+thickness);
                circle(d=hole_diameter);
                }
            }
        }
    }
module ruler(){
    translate([0,0,-ms_dimensions[2]/2-0*l_v])
        cube(ms_dimensions,center=true);
    translate([0,0,-ms_dimensions[2]-mc_dimensions[2]/2+ep])
        cube(mc_dimensions,center=true);
    }
module main_mirror(){
    main_points=concat(
        [for(i=[0:step_main:diameter_main/2])
            [x_main(i),i]
            ]
        ,[[x_m_max,diameter_main/2]]
        ,[for(i=[diameter_main/2:-step_main:0])
            [x_main(i)+thickness,i]
            ]
        ,[[thickness,0]]
        );
    //echo(main_points);
    difference(){
        rotate_extrude()
            rotate(90)
                polygon(main_points);
        cylinder(h=thickness*1.1, d=hole_diameter);
        }
    for(i=[0:number_of_struts-1])
        rotate([0,0,i*360/number_of_struts])
            translate([0.49*diameter_main+strut_thickness/2,0,x_m_max+thickness/2])
                cube([strut_thickness,strut_thickness,thickness],center=true);
    }
module secondary_mirror(){
    secondary_points=concat(
        [for(i=[0:step_secondary:diameter_secondary/2])
            [x_secondary(i),i]
            ]
        ,[[x_s_max,diameter_secondary/2],[x_s_max+thickness,diameter_secondary/2],[x_s_max+thickness,0]]
        );

    rotate_extrude()
        rotate(90)
            polygon(secondary_points);
    for(i=[0:number_of_struts-1])
        rotate([0,0,i*360/number_of_struts])
            translate([0.45*diameter_secondary+strut_thickness/2,0,x_s_max+thickness/2])
                cube([0.05*diameter_secondary+strut_thickness,strut_thickness,thickness],center=true);
    }
//height (x) as a function of the radial distance from the center of the main reflector (a parabola). Eq. 4
function x_main(y_main)=y_main*y_main/focal_main/4;
//height (x) as a function of the radial distance from the center of the secondary reflector (a hyperbola). Eq. 5
function x_secondary(y_secondary)=a*(-1+sqrt(1+pow(y_secondary/b,2)));
```


[User]
Alright, I'm looking to create a customizable 6-inch rack enclosure system in OpenSCAD, similar to the one I've seen on Thingiverse, but I need it to be much more flexible and parametric. I want to be able to easily adjust the height (in "U" units), the depth, and the width, and also have options for different end types, as well as handles and side panels.

Here's a breakdown of what I'd like the OpenSCAD files to include:

**Core Parameters:**

*   **`unit_height`**:  The vertical height of a single "U" unit. I'm currently using 14mm but I want to be able to change that.
*   **`rack_width`**:  The total width of the enclosure. This will likely need to be driven by the component width.  The inside width (between the rails) should also be configurable. I will start with something like 11.5cm (115mm) between rails but I want to be able to change this.
*   **`rack_depth`**:  The depth of the rack. I want this to be easily adjusted. I think 155mm is a good starting place for a 6" rack but I may need shallower or deeper.
*   **`u_units`**: The number of vertical "U" units for the rack, so like 1U, 2U, 3U, etc.
*   **`material_thickness`**: The thickness of the material used for the enclosure. I am using 3mm for now, but I need to be able to adjust this. Also, the 'box thickness' should also be separately adjustable for each part where it is applicable.

**Extrusion Module:**

*   I need an extrusion module that forms the frame/rails of the enclosure.
*   This module should have parameters for length (driven by `u_units` and `unit_height`), material thickness, and the presence of holes.
*   It needs options for:
    *   No holes.
    *   Front holes (for mounting components).
    *   Front and side holes.
* The extrusion profile should be easily configurable.
* The extrusion profile should be configurable (e.g. to increase spacing between the screw and the main rail.

**End Modules:**

*   I need multiple modules for the ends of the rack, these will also have a material thickness and box thickness parameter.
*   Options should include:
    *   Open ends (just the frame)
    *   Grid ends
    *   Chimney ends (with ventilation features)
    *   Closed ends.
*   These modules should also have options for mounting holes (same size and location as the extrusions) on all 4 sides.

**Side Panel Modules:**

*   I need a module for creating side panels.
*   This module needs to be able to generate simple panels, and panels with cutouts for handles
*   The number of u_units on the side panels should be configurable separately from the rack.
*   The side panels should have the same corner radius and mounting holes as the other parts.

**Handle Module:**

*   I need a module for creating a handle for the top of the rack.
*   This should be able to generate a handle that mounts on the top extrusion rails.
*   It should have parameters for screw hole diameter, position on the rail, and the overall shape of the handle (e.g. angle).

**"Nut-less" Trap:**

*   I need a module for a "nut-less" trap that can be embedded in the printed extrusion.
*   This module needs to be parametric for the number of units as well as screw size.

**General Requirements:**

*   The whole design should be parametric, so changing one parameter should update the entire enclosure.
*   I'd like to use the BOSL2 library for its robust functionality and ease of use with parameters.
*   I need the code to be clearly commented.
*   All parts should have rounded edges, specifically using the minkowski function and spheres where possible. This should be parametrically adjustable.
*   The design should use 3.8mm screw holes for 4mm screws (or freedom unit equivalents).
*   The design should include screw countersinks on the rack ends.

I think that covers it for now. Let me know if you have any questions or need more info. I'm excited to see what you come up with!

[Assistant]
sixinch_enclosure.scad:
```
$fn = 50*1;

part = "k"; // [a:Extrusion no holes,b:Extrusion front holes,c:Extrusion front and side holes,d:End open,e:End grid,f:End chimney,g:End closed,h:Nut-less Trap,i:Panel,j:Panel with handle,k:Handle]

Units = 5;

//Hole size for 4mm screws or freedom unit equivalent
Four_mm_screw = 3.8;

//Hole size for 5mm screws or freedom unit equivalent
Five_mm_screw = 4.8;

//Constants, do not change !
sixinch   = 155*1;         // cm = 6"
width     = 155-20-20;   // 11.5cm between rails
unit      = (44.5/19)*6; // 1U = 14.05cm
gauge     = 3*1;
gauge_box = 2*1;
slip      = 0.35*1;

//Cabinet screws in mm. They can be changed a little
//nut_4mm           = 8.1; //diagonal
//screw_head        = 7.4; //diameter
//screw_head_height = 2.2;   //
//screw_dia         = 3;   //screw diameter
//screw_hole        = 2.6; //a little less than the screw
//screw_length      = 15;

go();

module go(){

if (part=="a"){
    extrusion(Units,true,false,false);
}else if (part=="b"){
    extrusion(Units,true,true,false);
}else if (part=="c"){
    extrusion(Units,true,true,true);
}else if (part=="d"){
    rack_end(0);
}else if (part=="e"){
    rack_end(1);
}else if (part=="f"){
    rack_end(2);
}else if (part=="g"){
    rack_end(3);
}else if (part=="h"){
    trap(8);
}else if (part=="i"){
    sidepanel(Units,false);
}else if (part=="j"){
    sidepanel(Units,true);
}else if (part=="k"){
    tophandle();
    translate([0,30,0]){tophandle();}
}
}

module chimney() {
for(i=[0:8:80]){
    echo(i);
    translate([20 + (width-80)/2  +i,-1,20]){
        minkowski(){
            cube([0.01,50,30]);
            sphere(d=2,h=1);
        }
    }
}
}

// Nut-less Trap
module trap(u){
    difference(){
        union(){
            translate([-2.4,0,4]){
                cube([4.8,unit*u,1.5]);
            }
            translate([-2.4,unit*u,0]){
                rotate([90,0,0]){
                    linear_extrude(unit*u){
                        polygon(points=[[0,0],[4.8,0],[7,4],[-2.2,4]]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    for(i=[1:u]){
        translate([0,unit*i-unit/2,-1]){
            cylinder(d=3.8,h=10);
        }
    }
}
}

//0: open
//1: grid
//2: chimney
//3: closed

module rack_end(type){
    //REDEFINING SIXINCH WITH AN EXTRA mm
    sixinch = sixinch+1;
    difference(){
    union(){
    translate([1.25,1.25,1.25]){
        minkowski(){
            w = sixinch-2.5;
                cube([w, w, gauge-2.5]);
            sphere(r=1.25);
        }
    }
    }
    if(type==0 || type==1){
        translate([20,20,-1]){ cube([sixinch-40,sixinch-40,gauge+2]);}
    }

    translate([10,10,-0.1])                { cylinder(d=5,h=10); cylinder(d1=10,d2=6,h=3.5);}
    translate([sixinch-10,10,-0.1])        { cylinder(d=5,h=10); cylinder(d1=10,d2=6,h=3.5);}
    translate([10,sixinch-10,-0.1])        { cylinder(d=5,h=10); cylinder(d1=10,d2=6,h=3.5);}
    translate([sixinch-10,sixinch-10,-0.1]){ cylinder(d=5,h=10); cylinder(d1=10,d2=6,h=3.5);}

    rotate([-90,0,0]){
        if(type==2){
            translate([0,-5,0]){chimney();}
            translate([0,-5,(width-29)/2]){chimney();}
            translate([0,-5,width-29]){chimney();}
        }
    }
    }

    if(type==1){
    intersection(){
        union(){
    sz=8;
    grid = 15;
    for(i=[-grid*8:12:grid*8]){
            translate([sz/2+i+70,sz/2+78,gauge/2]){
                rotate([0,0,45]){
                    cube([2,sixinch*1.5,gauge],center=true);
                }
            }
            translate([sz/2+i+70,sz/2+82,gauge/2]){
                rotate([0,0,-45]){
                    cube([2,sixinch*1.5,gauge],center=true);
                }
            }
        }
    }
        translate([15,15,-1]){cube([125,125,10]);}

    }
    }

}

module tophandle(){
    rotate([0,180,0]){
    difference(){
        union(){
            rotate([0,45,0]){
                extrusion(4,false,false,false);
            }
            translate([sixinch,20,0]){
                rotate([0,45,180]){
                    extrusion(4,false,false,false);
                }
            }
        }
        wedge();
        translate([90,90,10]){
           cube([200,200,20],center=true);
        }

        translate([10,10,0]){handlescrew();}
        translate([sixinch-10,10,0]){handlescrew();}

    }
    intersection(){
        translate([0,0,-27.4]){
            extrusion(11,false,false,false);
        }
        wedge();
    }
}
}

module handlescrew(){
    translate([0,0,-39]){cylinder(d=5,h=40); }
    translate([0,0,-4]){cylinder(d1=10,d2=6,h=3.5);}
    translate([0,0,-34]){cylinder(d=10,h=30);}
}

module wedge(){
    translate([sixinch/2,-10,15]){
        rotate([0,45+45/2,0]){
            cube([80,80,30]);
        }
        translate([0,80,0]){
            rotate([0,45+45/2,180]){
                cube([80,80,30]);
            }
        }
        translate([-20,0,-100]){
            cube([40,80,100]);
        }
    }
}

//extrusion(4,true,true,true);
//translate([0,22,0]){extrusion(4,true,true,true);}
//translate([0,44,0]){extrusion(4,true,true,true);}
//translate([0,66,0]){extrusion(4,true,true,true);}

module extrusion(u,center,front,side){
    len=unit*u;
   difference(){
    translate([0,2,2]){
        minkowski(){
            cube([len,16,16]);
            sphere(d=4);
        }
    }

    translate([-5,10,1.99]){
        rotate([0,90,0]){linear_extrude(len+10){polygon(points=[[0,-2.5],[2,-4],[2,4],[0,2.5]]);}}
    }
    translate([-5,10,18.01]){
        rotate([0,-90,180]){linear_extrude(len+10){polygon(points=[[0,-2.5],[2,-4],[2,4],[0,2.5]]);}}
    }

    translate([-5,18.01,10]){
        rotate([90,0,90]){linear_extrude(len+10){polygon(points=[[0,-2.5],[2,-4],[2,4],[0,2.5]]);}}
    }

     translate([-5,1.99,10]){
        rotate([-90,0,-90]){linear_extrude(len+10){polygon(points=[[0,-2.5],[2,-4],[2,4],[0,2.5]]);}}
    }

    if(center){
        translate([-5,10,10]){
            rotate([0,90,0]){
                cylinder(d=4.6,h=len+10);
            }
        }
    }

    //holes
    if(front){
        for(i=[0:30]){
             translate([unit/2+i*unit,10,-5]){ cylinder(d=3.8,h=30);}
        }
    }
    if(side){
        for(i=[0:30]){
            translate([unit/2+i*unit,25,10]){ rotate([90,0,0]){cylinder(d=3.8,h=30);}}
        }
    }

    //length cutoff
    translate([-2,0,0]){cube([4,60,60],center=true);}
    translate([len+2,0,0]){cube([4,60,60],center=true);}
    }
}

module screw(){
    cylinder(r1=screw_head/2, r2=screw_dia/2, h=screw_head_height);
    cylinder(r=screw_dia/2, h=40);
    translate([0,0,-0.99]){cylinder(r=screw_head/2, h=1);}
}

module insideprofile(l){
    difference(){
        union(){
            translate([7.6,10,0]){cube([4.8,10,l]);}
            translate([0,7.6,0]){cube([20,4.8,l]);}

            translate([6.5,10-2.1,0]){cube([7   ,10,l]);}
            translate([2.1,6.5,0]){cube([15.8,7   ,l]);}
        }
        translate([4,4,-1]){
            cube([12,12,l+2]);
        }
    }
    translate([20,20,0]){
        rotate([0,-90,0]){
            linear_extrude(20){
                polygon (points=[[0,0],[l,0],[0,l]]);
            }
        }
    }
}

module sidepanel(u,handle){
    difference(){
        baseplate(u);
        if(handle){
              translate([(sixinch-80)/2,         9,-4]) { cube([80,20,10]);}
              translate([(sixinch-80)/2,        19,-4]) { cylinder(d=20,h=10);}
              translate([sixinch-(sixinch-80)/2,19,-4]) { cylinder(d=20,h=10);}
        }
    }
}

module baseplate(u){
    difference(){
    union(){
        translate([1.25,1.25,1.25]){
            minkowski(){
                cube([sixinch-2.5,unit*u-2.5,gauge-2.5]);
                sphere(r=1.25);
            }
        }
    }
    //Rack mount holes
    translate([10-0.5,unit/2,-gauge/2])                 {cylinder(r=2.3,gauge*2);}
    translate([sixinch-10+0.5,unit/2,-gauge/2])         {cylinder(r=2.3,gauge*2);}
    translate([10-0.5,u*unit-(unit/2),-gauge/2])        {cylinder(r=2.3,gauge*2);}
    translate([sixinch-10+0.5,u*unit-(unit/2),-gauge/2]){cylinder(r=2.3,gauge*2);}
    if(u>=5){
        translate([10-0.5,(u*unit)/2,-gauge/2])         {cylinder(r=2.3,gauge*2);}
        translate([sixinch-10+0.5,(u*unit)/2,-gauge/2]) {cylinder(r=2.3,gauge*2);}
    }
}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a helical Crayford focuser for my Newtonian telescope. I've got a good understanding of the basic mechanical requirements, but I'm struggling a bit with the actual OpenSCAD code. I'd like a parametric design that will let me easily tweak the dimensions.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm looking for:

**Core Components:**

*   **Focuser Ring:** This is the main ring that holds the bearings and moves along the draw tube. I need to be able to control its height, width, the size of the gap for the tensioning mechanism, and the thickness of the support at that gap.
*   **Bearings:** The focuser uses six ball bearings, I need to specify the bearing type (623 or 624) and the mounting angle. This angle affects how much the draw tube moves per rotation - smaller angles mean finer focus adjustments.
*   **Draw Tube:**  The draw tube passes through the focuser ring. I need a parameter for the maximum outer diameter of the draw tube that the focuser should accept. The design should make the tube slightly oversize to account for manufacturing tolerances, and also for the draw tube itself to be a bit smaller. It should just be rendered for illustrative purposes only, but the outer diameter parameter is important for the overall geometry.
*   **Tensioning Mechanism:** There needs to be a gap in the ring with some support where a screw can be inserted to apply pressure to the draw tube for adjustable tension.
*  **Adapter:** An adapter to attach the focuser to the telescope tube. It needs parameters for the height, base plate thickness, and the distance between the mounting holes to attach it to the telescope tube. I also need parameters for the circumference of my telescope tube, the orientation of the mounting screws on the telescope, and the distance between the mounting holes on the adapter. It will be mounted by 3 screws equally spaced around the circumference of the tube.

**Specific Parameters:**

Here are the specific parameters I'd like to control:

*   `drawTubeMaxOuterDiameter`: Maximum outer diameter of the draw tube (e.g. 35mm).
*   `bearingType`:  Type of ball bearings (623 or 624).
*   `bearingAngle`: Mounting angle of the bearings in degrees (e.g., 5).
*   `outerRingHeight`: Height of the focuser ring (e.g. 12mm).
*   `outerRingWidth`: Width of the focuser ring (e.g., 10mm).
*   `gap`: Width of the gap in the ring (e.g., 4mm).
*   `gapBridge`: Thickness of the screw support at the gap (e.g., 3mm).
*   `adapterBaseHeight`: Height of the adapter (e.g., 40mm).
*   `adapterPlateHeight`: Thickness of the base plate of the adapter (e.g., 2mm).
*   `tubeHoleDistance`: Distance between the mounting holes on the adapter, arranged in an equilateral triangle (e.g., 66mm).
*   `tubeCircumference`: Circumference of the telescope tube to attach the adapter to (e.g., 444mm).
*  `tubeScrewOrientation`:  Orientation of the screws on the telescope tube in degrees (e.g., 0).

**Libraries:**

I'd like to use the following libraries:

*   `MCAD/bearing.scad` for the ball bearings.
*   `nutsnbolts/cyl_head_bolt.scad` for the screws and nuts.
*   `nutsnbolts/materials.scad` for specifying stainless steel.

The design should also include some visual aids like the draw tube itself, screws, and nuts so I can get a better idea of how the focuser will look.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file, or files, that accomplishes this? I would like a top-level module that combines the focuser and the adapter for easy export, plus the ability to render either one separately. It would be great if it was well commented too so I can follow along with what each part of the code is doing.

[Assistant]
helical_crayford_cust_online.scad:
```
use <MCAD/bearing.scad>
use <nutsnbolts/cyl_head_bolt.scad>
use <nutsnbolts/materials.scad>

// preview[view:north, tilt:bottom]

// Which part do you want to see?
part = "Preview"; // [Focuser:Focuser,Adapter:Adapter,Both:Focuser and Adapter,Preview:Preview]

// This is the maximum diameter the focuser will accept with some bending, I use mine with a tapered draw tube which is 35mm wide at both ends, but only 34mm wide in the middle. Change this value to the maximum outer diameter of your draw tube. For a 2" draw tube with 1.5mm wall thickness, this should be 54mm (2*2.54mm + 2*1.5mm).
drawTubeMaxOuterDiameter = 35; // [31:0.1:100]

/* [Bearings and Screws] */

// Type of the ball bearings
bearingType= 623; // [623,624]

// Mounting angle of the ball bearings. The lower the angle, the finer adjustments are possible with the focuser. The focus travel for one rotation depends on the angle and the draw tube outer diameter D; it is given by t=tan(angle)*π*D. For small angles, this can be approximated by t = 0.055*angle*D.
bearingAngle = 5; // [2:0.1:15]

/* [Focus Ring] */

// Height of the focuser. The higher the more stable.
outerRingHeight = 12; // [10:0.5:25]

// Width of the focuser ring
outerRingWidth = 10; // [8:0.5:25]

// how wide is the gap in the ring?
gap = 4; // [1:0.1:15]

// how thick is the screw support at the gap
gapBridge = 3; // [1:0.1:10]

/* [Telescope Adapter] */
// Height of the adapter.
adapterBaseHeight = 40; // [10:100]

// Thickness of the base plate
adapterPlateHeight = 2; // [0.5:0.1:10]

// Distance of the three holes to fix the adapter at the telescope tube. This creates holes arranged in a equilateral triangle, and determines the overall dimensions of the adapter.
tubeHoleDistance = 66; // [20:0.1:150]

// Circumference of the telescope tube
tubeCircumference = 444; // [100:4000]

// Orientation of the screws on the telescope tube
tubeScrewOrientation = 0; // [0:360]

/* [Hidden] */

bearingScrew = "M3x20";
spannScrew = "M3x20";
brDim = bearingDimensions(bearingType);
bearingDiameter = brDim[1];
bearingInnerDiameter = brDim[0]+0.2;
bearingHeight = brDim[2];

tubeRadius = tubeCircumference/3.141592654/2.0;
tubeHoleEncircle = tubeHoleDistance * sqrt(3)/3;

ringOversize = 0.5;
outerRingInnerRadius = drawTubeMaxOuterDiameter/2+ringOversize;

correction = -360*(0.5*(bearingDiameter+0.5))/(2*3.141592654*(outerRingInnerRadius+0.5*outerRingWidth));

// rendering
$fn=100;
$fs=0.5;
$fa=0.5;

module Ring() {
    difference() {
    linear_extrude(height=outerRingHeight, center=true, convexity=10) {
        difference() {
            circle(outerRingInnerRadius+outerRingWidth);
            circle(outerRingInnerRadius);
        }
    }
    for(i=[2:3]) {
        rotate([0,0,80+360/3*i])translate([outerRingInnerRadius-ringOversize+0.5*outerRingWidth,0,outerRingHeight/2]) cylinder(r=1.5, h=2*outerRingHeight+1, center=true);
        rotate([0,0,40+360/3*i])translate([outerRingInnerRadius-ringOversize+0.5*outerRingWidth,0,outerRingHeight/2]) cylinder(r=bearingInnerDiameter/2, h=2*outerRingHeight+1, center=true);
    }
}
}
////////
module TiltAtHeight(height, offset = 0, moveToInside=ringOversize) {
    translate([outerRingInnerRadius+0.5*(bearingDiameter+offset)-moveToInside,0,0]) {
        rotate([bearingAngle,0,0])
            translate([0,0,height])
                children();
    }
}
module TiltedCube(height) {
    offset = 1.5;
    TiltAtHeight(height, 0) {
        union() {
        cube([bearingDiameter+8*offset,bearingDiameter+offset,bearingHeight], center=true);
        cylinder(h=2*outerRingHeight, r=bearingInnerDiameter/2, center=true);
        }
    }
}

module ThreeCubes() {
    for(i=[0:2]) {

        rotate([0,0,360/3*i]) TiltedCube(outerRingHeight/2);
        rotate([0,0,360/3*i]) TiltedCube(-outerRingHeight/2);
    }
}

module Bearings() {
     for(i=[0:2]) {
        rotate([0,0,360/3*i]) {
            TiltAtHeight(outerRingHeight/2-bearingHeight/2) bearing(model=623);
            TiltAtHeight(-outerRingHeight/2-tan(bearingAngle)*bearingDiameter-bearingHeight/2) bearing(model=623);
        }
 }
}

module Screws() {
    for(i=[0:2]) {
        rotate([0,0,360/3*i]) {
            TiltAtHeight(outerRingHeight/2+bearingHeight/2) stainless() screw(bearingScrew);
            TiltAtHeight(-outerRingHeight/2-bearingHeight/2) stainless() nut(_get_famkey(bearingScrew));
        }
    }
}
module Spanneinrichtung() {
    translate([-2*outerRingInnerRadius+gapBridge/2, gap/2+gapBridge, -3])
        cube([outerRingInnerRadius-gapBridge,outerRingInnerRadius,6]);
    mirror([0,1,0])
        translate([-2*outerRingInnerRadius+gapBridge/2, gap/2+gapBridge, -3])
            cube([outerRingInnerRadius-gapBridge,outerRingInnerRadius,6]);
    translate([-outerRingInnerRadius-outerRingWidth/2, 0, 0]) cube([outerRingWidth+2,gap, outerRingHeight+1], center=true);
    translate([-outerRingInnerRadius-outerRingWidth/2, 0, -0.5*bearingInnerDiameter+0.5*gapBridge]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=2*outerRingHeight, r=bearingInnerDiameter/2, center=true);
}

module SpannSchraube() {
    translate([-outerRingInnerRadius-outerRingWidth/2, -gap/2-gapBridge, -0.5*bearingInnerDiameter+0.5*gapBridge]) rotate([90,0,0]) stainless() screw(spannScrew);
translate([-outerRingInnerRadius-outerRingWidth/2, gap/2+gapBridge, -0.5*bearingInnerDiameter+0.5*gapBridge]) rotate([90,0,0]) stainless() nut(_get_famkey(spannScrew));
}
module DrawTube() {
    // assumes 1.5mm thickness of the draw tube, and a diameter equal to the maximum accepted diameter.
    stainless() difference()
    {
        cylinder(r=(drawTubeMaxOuterDiameter)/2, h=65, center=true);
        cylinder(r=(drawTubeMaxOuterDiameter-3)/2, h=66, center=true);
    }
}

module Focuser() {
union() {
difference() {
    Ring();
    ThreeCubes();
    Spanneinrichtung();
}

if(part == "Preview") {
    Screws();
    Bearings();
    SpannSchraube();
    DrawTube();
}
}
}

module TubeAdapter() {

    difference() {

        union() {
            // vertical ring which fits to the main telescope tube
            linear_extrude(height=adapterBaseHeight, convexity=5) {
                difference() {
                circle(r=tubeHoleEncircle+adapterPlateHeight/2);
                circle(r=tubeHoleEncircle-adapterPlateHeight/2);
                }
            }

            // base plate of the adapter
            translate([0,0,adapterBaseHeight-adapterPlateHeight])
                linear_extrude(height=adapterPlateHeight, convexity=5) {
                    difference() {
                        circle(r=tubeHoleEncircle);
                        circle(r=outerRingInnerRadius);
                    }
            }

            for(i=[0:2]) {
                // vertical support for adapter base plate
                rotate([0,0,60+360/3*i])
                translate([tubeHoleEncircle/2,0,adapterBaseHeight/2])
                cube([tubeHoleEncircle,3,adapterBaseHeight], center=true);

                rotate([0,0,120+360/3*i])
                translate([tubeHoleEncircle/2,0,adapterBaseHeight/2])
                cube([tubeHoleEncircle,3,adapterBaseHeight], center=true);

                // support for outer screw holes
                rotate([0,0,tubeScrewOrientation+90+360/3*i])
                translate([tubeHoleEncircle,0,adapterBaseHeight/2])
                cylinder(r=adapterPlateHeight+bearingInnerDiameter/2, h=adapterBaseHeight, center=true);
            }
        }

        // substract main telescope tube
        translate([0,0,-tubeRadius+adapterBaseHeight/2])
            rotate([0,90,0])
                cylinder(r=tubeRadius, h=600, center=true);

        for(i=[0:2]) {
            // screw holes for main tube
            rotate([0,0,tubeScrewOrientation+90+360/3*i])
            translate([tubeHoleEncircle,0,adapterBaseHeight])
            cylinder(r=bearingInnerDiameter/2, h=2*adapterBaseHeight, center=true);

            // oversized screw holes for crayford ring
            rotate([0,0,80+360/3*i])
            translate([outerRingInnerRadius+0.5*outerRingWidth,0,adapterBaseHeight])
            cylinder(r=bearingInnerDiameter/2+0.5, h=2*adapterBaseHeight, center=true);

            rotate([0,0,40+360/3*i])
            translate([outerRingInnerRadius+0.5*outerRingWidth,0,adapterBaseHeight])
            cylinder(r=bearingInnerDiameter/2+0.5, h=2*adapterBaseHeight, center=true);

            // space for bearings
            rotate([0,0,360/3*i+bearingAngle/2])
            translate([outerRingInnerRadius+bearingDiameter/2,0,adapterBaseHeight/2])
            cube([bearingDiameter+4,bearingDiameter+4,adapterBaseHeight+1], center=true);
        }

        // remove space for focuser tube
        cylinder(r=outerRingInnerRadius, h=adapterBaseHeight+1, center=false);
    }
}

rotate([0,180,0])
{
    if(part == "Adapter" || part == "Both" || part == "Preview")  TubeAdapter();
    if(part == "Focuser" || part == "Both" || part == "Preview")  translate([0,0,adapterBaseHeight+outerRingHeight/2]) Focuser();
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a snowflake-like design that I can cut out with a laser. I've been playing around with a design that has a central stem that branches into smaller stems, and those branch into even smaller stems, kind of like the veins in a leaf. I'd like to control several aspects of the design.

Specifically, I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD design where I can:

1.  Control whether the final design includes just the "veins" (the branch-like structure), a base shape connecting all the veins, and/or a "skeleton" cut-out within the base. I want to be able to enable/disable each of these options (veins, base, skeleton) with a boolean parameter.

2.  Set the diameter and length of the initial central stem.

3.  Set the angle of the central stem's branches (so they can be slightly offset).

4.  Control the position of the left and right stems on the main stem (as a percentage of the length of the main stem) and their branching angles relative to the main stem.

5.  Set the size ratios for the next level of branching for both the center stem and side stems, controlling how quickly the branches shrink in each level.

6.  Set a minimum diameter for the branches, so the branching stops when stems get too small.

7.  Control the number of "petals" or arms of the snowflake, creating rotational symmetry.

Essentially, I'm looking to build the design using a recursive method similar to a "L-system", but instead of using lines, I'd like to use rods of varying thicknesses. I'm not planning on 3D printing this, but rather laser cutting a 2D shape. I don't need any special libraries, just a basic OpenSCAD file or maybe a few interconnected ones if needed to organize the code. I think I have a good idea of how I want this to look and I would appreciate it if the AI assistant can produce the correct code to do it.

[Assistant]
InifinitySnowFlake.scad:
```
/* Thanks to @torleif for the 2D version of veins to boost performance
*/

//Do you want veins
doVeins = 1; // [0:No, 1:Yes]
//Do you want base surface
doBase = 0; // [0:No, 1:Yes]
//Do you want skeleton base
doSkeleton = 1; // [0:No, 1:Yes]
//Diameter of starting stem
D = 17; // [5:.1:50]
//Length of starting stem
L = 200; // [50:1:200]
//Angle of Center stem
Ac = 0; // [-90:90]
//Position of the Left stem up the initial stem
Pl = .25; // [0:.01:1.0]
//Angle of the Left branch
Al = 49; // [-90:90]
//Position of the Right stem up the initial stem
Pr = .25; // [0:.01:1.0]
//Angle of the Right branch
Ar = 49; // [-90:90]
//Ratio of size in next level for left and right
Rn = .62; // [.5:.01:.9]
//Ratio of size in next level for center
Rc = .92; // [.5:.01:.9]
//Smallest diameter to render
smallest = 4; // [4.0:.1:10.0]
//Points
points=6; //[3:10]

module rod2D(D, L) {
  hull() {
    translate([-D / 2, 0])
    square([D, L]);
    translate([0, L]) {
      circle(r = D / 2, h = D / 2, $fn = 20);
    }
  }
}

module veins2D(D, L, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest = 2) {
  if (D > smallest) {
    rod2D(D, L);
    translate([0, L, 0])
    rotate([0, 0, Ac])
    veins2D(D * Rc, L * Rn, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest);
    translate([0, L * Pl, 0])
    rotate([0, 0, Al])
    veins2D(D * Rn, L * Rn, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest);
    translate([0, L * Pr, 0])
    rotate([0, 0, -Ar])
    veins2D(D * Rn, L * Rn, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest);
  }
}

module base(D, L, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest = 2) {
  linear_extrude(height = D * .2)
  difference() {
    hull() {
      veins2D(D, L, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest);
    }
    if (doSkeleton == 1)
      translate([0,D/2,0])
        scale([0.95,0.95])
          hull() {
            veins2D(D, L, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest);
          }
  }
}

module petal(doVeins, doBase, D, L, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest = 2) {
  if (doBase == 1) base(D, L, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest);
  if (doVeins == 1)  veins2D(D, L, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest);
}

for(a=[0:360/points:360]) {
  rotate([0,0,a])
  petal(doVeins, doBase, D, L, Ac, Pl, Al, Pr, Ar, Rn,Rc, smallest);
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a customizable fidget spinner that uses coins as the weight. I want it to be able to handle different coin sizes and have options for the number of spokes, edge finish, hub style, and even some decorative orbits. I also want to be able to pick between a standard 608 bearing and a larger 6902 bearing.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm after:

*   **Coin Selection:** I need to be able to select from a list of coins. Specifically, I want to be able to use the Australian $2, Australian 5c, US 10c (dime), UK £1, UK 5p, EU €1, US 1c, and US 5c (nickel). The design needs to account for the different diameters and thicknesses of these coins.  Most coin holders should have space for two coins, but some (AU 5c, US 10c, and UK 5p) should have space for three, just to add some weight.

*   **Spokes:** The spinner should have a configurable number of spokes, from 1 up to 7.  I know that one spoke would be unbalanced, but that's one of the options I want.

*   **Edge Finish:** I'd like an option to have either a smooth edge or a knurled edge. The smooth edge should add a bit of extra thickness (1mm?) to the coin holders for strength. I'm aware of the `knurledFinishLib_v2` library from Thingiverse, so I'd want to use that for the knurled edge.  Please note: I'm not including that in my request since that's a local copy and not from a standard library.

*   **Hub Style:** The hub can be either flush with the coin holders, or raised to the height of the bearing.

*   **Orbits:**  I would like an optional orbit feature that connects all of the coin holders. It should be a ring with a circular profile. There should also be an additional optional decorative ring of the same profile, concentric to the first, and on the outside.

*   **Bearings:** I need to be able to choose between a standard 608 bearing (22mm outer diameter) and a 6902 bearing (28mm outer diameter).

I think that covers most of the design. I'd like to have all of this be parametric, so I can easily tweak the dimensions later if needed. Could you generate the OpenSCAD files for this?  I'm assuming you'll generate any necessary modules and use them for the actual design.  I don't need any additional libraries beyond the base OpenSCAD setup, but I do need the knurling to work as it is in the supplied library.

[Assistant]
moneySpinner02_customizer.scad:
```
/*
    Filename: moneySpinner02
    Dated: 2017-06-05T18:56:57+10:00
    Version: 0.9
    Author: Geoff Buttsworth
    Twitter: @gbutts9

    This version is designed to work with the Thingiverse Customizer.
    Ref: http://customizer.makerbot.com/docs

    Uploaded to Customizer 2017-06-06T08:49:39+10:00

    Change Log:
    	0.2 - Initial upload to Customizer
    	0.3 - Activated 'Flush' parameter
    	0.4 - Added Qatari 50 dirham (QA 0.5QAR) Ref: https://www.catawiki.com/catalog/coins/countries/qatar/432219-qatar-50-dirhams-1973-year-1393
    	0.5 - Added US 5c, deleted CR2032 at coin 8
    	0.6 - Added option to delete knurled finish
    	0.7 - Added US 1c, deleted 50 dirham
    	0.8 - Added optional orbits
    	0.8.1 - Repaired intended US nickel height to 3
    	0.8.2 - Added 1 as an option for 'number of spokes' for an out of balance spinner
    	0.9 - Larger 6902 bearing option

    Refs:
    	UK:	http://www.royalmint.com/discover/uk-coins/coin-design-and-specifications
    	US: https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs/coin-specifications
    	AU: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_Australian_dollar
    	EU: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_coins
*/

/*
    The knurled library is incorporated in toto here as Customizer is limited to one SCAD file.

	 * knurledFinishLib_v2.scad
	 *
	 * Written by aubenc @ Thingiverse
	 *
	 * This script is licensed under the Public Domain license.
	 *
	 * http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:31122
	 *
	 * Derived from knurledFinishLib.scad (also Public Domain license) available at
	 *
	 * http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:9095
	 *
*/

/* [Spinner_Parameters] */
//Which coin do you want to use?
coin_list=7;//[1:AU $2,2:AU 5c,3:US 10c,4:UK £1,5:UK 5p,6:EU €1,7:US 1c,8:US 5c]
coin=coin_list;

//How many spokes should the spinner have?
Number_of_Spokes=5;//[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
spokeNumber=Number_of_Spokes;

//Choose Knurled if you are tough enough, otherwise Smooth
Edge_finish=0;//[0:Smooth,1:Knurled]
finish=Edge_finish;		//Smooth deletes knurled edge but adds 1mm to rim for strength

//Flush for easier printing
Flush_or_Raised_Hub=1;//[0:Hub,1:Flush]
flush=Flush_or_Raised_Hub;		//Flush is easier to print, the hub is height of bearing and may print with support

//What about orbits to finish it off?
Orbits_or_No_Orbits=1;//[0:None,1:Orbits]
orbit=Orbits_or_No_Orbits;		//Orbits link between the coins. They add some strength but are really for show

//608 or 6902 bearings?
608_or_6902=0;//[0:608,1:6902]
brg=608_or_6902;

//knurledFinishLib_v2
	/*
	 * Usage:
	 *
	 *	 Drop this script somewhere where OpenSCAD can find it (your current project's
	 *	 working directory/folder or your OpenSCAD libraries directory/folder).
	 *
	 *	 Add the line:
	 *
	 *		use <knurledFinishLib_v2.scad>
	 *
	 *	 in your OpenSCAD script and call either...
	 *
	 *    knurled_cyl( Knurled cylinder height,
	 *                 Knurled cylinder outer diameter,
	 *                 Knurl polyhedron width,
	 *                 Knurl polyhedron height,
	 *                 Knurl polyhedron depth,
	 *                 Cylinder ends smoothed height,
	 *                 Knurled surface smoothing amount );
	 *
	 *  ...or...
	 *
	 *    knurl();
	 *
	 *	If you use knurled_cyl() module, you need to specify the values for all and
	 *
	 *  Call the module ' help(); ' for a little bit more of detail
	 *  and/or take a look to the PDF available at http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:9095
	 *  for a in depth descrition of the knurl properties.
	 */

	module knurl(	k_cyl_hg	= 12,
						k_cyl_od	= 25,
						knurl_wd =  3,
						knurl_hg =  4,
						knurl_dp =  1.5,
						e_smooth =  2,
						s_smooth =  0)
	{
	    knurled_cyl(k_cyl_hg, k_cyl_od,
	                knurl_wd, knurl_hg, knurl_dp,
	                e_smooth, s_smooth);
	}

	module knurled_cyl(chg, cod, cwd, csh, cdp, fsh, smt)
	{
	    cord=(cod+cdp+cdp*smt/100)/2;
	    cird=cord-cdp;
	    cfn=round(2*cird*PI/cwd);
	    clf=360/cfn;
	    crn=ceil(chg/csh);

	    echo("knurled cylinder max diameter: ", 2*cord);
	    echo("knurled cylinder min diameter: ", 2*cird);

		 if( fsh < 0 )
	    {
	        union()
	        {
	            shape(fsh, cird+cdp*smt/100, cord, cfn*4, chg);

	            translate([0,0,-(crn*csh-chg)/2])
	              knurled_finish(cord, cird, clf, csh, cfn, crn);
	        }
	    }
	    else if ( fsh == 0 )
	    {
	        intersection()
	        {
	            cylinder(h=chg, r=cord-cdp*smt/100, $fn=2*cfn, center=false);

	            translate([0,0,-(crn*csh-chg)/2])
	              knurled_finish(cord, cird, clf, csh, cfn, crn);
	        }
	    }
	    else
	    {
	        intersection()
	        {
	            shape(fsh, cird, cord-cdp*smt/100, cfn*4, chg);

	            translate([0,0,-(crn*csh-chg)/2])
	              knurled_finish(cord, cird, clf, csh, cfn, crn);
	        }
	    }
	}

	module shape(hsh, ird, ord, fn4, hg)
	{
		x0= 0;	x1 = hsh > 0 ? ird : ord;		x2 = hsh > 0 ? ord : ird;
		y0=-0.1;	y1=0;	y2=abs(hsh);	y3=hg-abs(hsh);	y4=hg;	y5=hg+0.1;

		if ( hsh >= 0 )
		{
			rotate_extrude(convexity=10, $fn=fn4)
			polygon(points=[	[x0,y1],[x1,y1],[x2,y2],[x2,y3],[x1,y4],[x0,y4]	],
						paths=[	[0,1,2,3,4,5]	]);
		}
		else
		{
			rotate_extrude(convexity=10, $fn=fn4)
			polygon(points=[	[x0,y0],[x1,y0],[x1,y1],[x2,y2],
									[x2,y3],[x1,y4],[x1,y5],[x0,y5]	],
						paths=[	[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]	]);
		}
	}

	module knurled_finish(ord, ird, lf, sh, fn, rn)
	{
	    for(j=[0:rn-1])
	    assign(h0=sh*j, h1=sh*(j+1/2), h2=sh*(j+1))
	    {
	        for(i=[0:fn-1])
	        assign(lf0=lf*i, lf1=lf*(i+1/2), lf2=lf*(i+1))
	        {
	            polyhedron(
	                points=[
	                     [ 0,0,h0],
	                     [ ord*cos(lf0), ord*sin(lf0), h0],
	                     [ ird*cos(lf1), ird*sin(lf1), h0],
	                     [ ord*cos(lf2), ord*sin(lf2), h0],

	                     [ ird*cos(lf0), ird*sin(lf0), h1],
	                     [ ord*cos(lf1), ord*sin(lf1), h1],
	                     [ ird*cos(lf2), ird*sin(lf2), h1],

	                     [ 0,0,h2],
	                     [ ord*cos(lf0), ord*sin(lf0), h2],
	                     [ ird*cos(lf1), ird*sin(lf1), h2],
	                     [ ord*cos(lf2), ord*sin(lf2), h2]
	                    ],
	                triangles=[
	                     [0,1,2],[2,3,0],
	                     [1,0,4],[4,0,7],[7,8,4],
	                     [8,7,9],[10,9,7],
	                     [10,7,6],[6,7,0],[3,6,0],
	                     [2,1,4],[3,2,6],[10,6,9],[8,9,4],
	                     [4,5,2],[2,5,6],[6,5,9],[9,5,4]
	                    ],
	                convexity=5);
	         }
	    }
	}

	module knurl_help()
	{
		echo();
		echo("    Knurled Surface Library  v2  ");
	   echo("");
		echo("      Modules:    ");
		echo("");
		echo("        knurled_cyl(parameters... );    -    Requires a value for each an every expected parameter (see bellow)    ");
		echo("");
		echo("        knurl();    -    Call to the previous module with a set of default parameters,    ");
		echo("                                  values may be changed by adding 'parameter_name=value'        i.e.     knurl(s_smooth=40);    ");
		echo("");
		echo("      Parameters, all of them in mm but the last one.    ");
		echo("");
		echo("        k_cyl_hg       -   [ 12   ]  ,,  Height for the knurled cylinder    ");
		echo("        k_cyl_od      -   [ 25   ]  ,,  Cylinder's Outer Diameter before applying the knurled surfacefinishing.    ");
		echo("        knurl_wd     -   [   3   ]  ,,  Knurl's Width.    ");
		echo("        knurl_hg      -   [   4   ]  ,,  Knurl's Height.    ");
		echo("        knurl_dp     -   [  1.5 ]  ,,  Knurl's Depth.    ");
		echo("        e_smooth   -    [  2   ]  ,,  Bevel's Height at the bottom and the top of the cylinder    ");
		echo("        s_smooth   -    [  0   ]  ,,  Knurl's Surface Smoothing :  File donwn the top of the knurl this value, i.e. 40 will snooth it a 40%.    ");
		echo("");
	}

//Allocate coin data

	coinName=coin==2 ? "AU $2" :
		(coin==2 ? "AU 5c" :
			(coin==3 ? "US 10c" :
				(coin==4 ? "UK £1" :
					(coin==5 ? "UK 5p" :
						(coin==6 ? "EU €1" :
							(coin==7 ? "US 1c" : "US 5c")
						)
					)
				)
			)
		);

	coin_d=coin==1 ? 20.5 :
		(coin==2 ? 19.4 :
			(coin==3 ? 17.90 :
				(coin==4 ? 22.5 :
					(coin==5 ? 18.0 :
						(coin==6 ? 23.3 :
							(coin==7 ? 19.05 : 21.3)
						)
					)
				)
			)
		);

	coin_z=coin==1 ? 2.8 :
		(coin==2 ? 1.3 :
			(coin==3 ? 1.35 :
				(coin==4 ? 3.15 :
					(coin==5 ? 1.8 :
						(coin==6 ? 2.35 :
							(coin==7 ? 1.50 : 1.95)
						)
					)
				)
			)
		);

	stack=coin==2 ? 3 :
		(coin==3 ? 3 :
			(coin==5 ? 3 :
				(coin==7 ? 3 :
					(coin==8 ? 3 : 2)
				)
			)
		);

//Default values
	$fa=0.8;
	$fs=0.8;

//Variables:

	rim=5;	//Nominal thickness for hub, adjustable as below for smooth finish

	//If smooth rim: add 1mm for extra strength to coin holders only
	rim_x=finish==0 ? rim+1 : rim;

	holder_d=coin_d+rim_x;
	holder_z=coin_z*stack;

	brg_d=22.0;	//608
	brg_z=7.0;	//both

	brg_d2=28;	//6902

	spoke_x=coin_d/2;
	spoke_y=coin_d/3;
	spoke_z=holder_z;

	//void_r=(brg_d+rim_x+spoke_y+coin_d)/2;

	void_r=(brg_d/2+coin_d/2+spoke_y);

	orbit_d=50;

	//If flush: hub will be height of coin stack otherwise height of bearing
	hub_z=flush==1 ? coin_z*stack : brg_z;

	//Bearing size
	brgfinal=brg==1 ? brg_d2 : brg_d;

//SpinnerModules

	module dollarHolder() {
		translate([0,coin_d/2+spoke_y,0])
			translate([0,0,-coin_z*stack/2])
			if(finish == 1)
				knurl(k_cyl_hg=holder_z,k_cyl_od=holder_d);
			else
				cylinder(d=holder_d,h=holder_z,center=false);
	}

	module hub() {
			cylinder(h=hub_z,d=brgfinal+rim,center=true);
	}

	module spoke() {
		translate([0,spoke_y/2,0])
			cube([spoke_x,spoke_y,spoke_z], center=true);
	}

	module brgVoid() {
		cylinder(h=brg_z+2,d=brgfinal,center=true);
	}

	module holderVoid() {
		for (i = [0:rA:fA]) {
			rotate([0,0,i])
				cylinder(d=coin_d,h=holder_z+4,center=true);
		}
	}

	module holderSpoke() {
		translate([0,brg_d/2,0])
		union() {
			dollarHolder();
			spoke();
		}
	}

	module orbits() {
		difference() {
			cylinder(h=holder_z,d=orbit_d,center=true);
			cylinder(h=holder_z+1,d=orbit_d-rim,center=true);
		}
		difference() {
			cylinder(h=holder_z,d=orbit_d+20,center=true);
			cylinder(h=holder_z+1,d=orbit_d+20-rim,center=true);
		}
	}

//Rotate
	rA = 360/spokeNumber;	//rotational angle
	fA = round(360-rA);		//final angle

	module spinner() {
		for (i = [0:rA:fA]) {
			rotate([0,0,i])
				holderSpoke();
		}
	}

	module holderVoid() {
		for (i = [0:rA:fA]) {
			rotate([0,0,i])
		translate([0,void_r,0])
				cylinder(d=coin_d,h=holder_z+4,center=true);
		}
	}

//Finalise
	module plus() {
		hub();
		spinner();
		if(orbit == 1)
			orbits();
	}

	module minus() {
		brgVoid();
		holderVoid();
	}

	//Render
	difference() {
		plus();
		minus();
	}
```


[User]
I need a custom bracket adapter, something I can 3D print, for mounting various devices to a tripod or other mount that uses a standard "shoe" or angled wedge type of quick release system. I've seen some similar designs online, but I need one that's parametric so I can easily tweak it for different devices and mounts.

The adapter needs to have a base that's a wedge shape, kind of like a truncated triangle, which will fit into the "shoe" of the tripod. This base should have adjustable dimensions for length, width, and height. The angle of the wedge needs to be customizable too, as does the amount of rounding on the corners of the base. I'd also like to control how much the underside of the base is recessed, to save on material and printing time.

Coming off the base needs to be a bracket with a pivot joint at the end. This pivot will have a cylindrical shape, and I need to define the radius of that cylinder, as well as the total width at the pivot. The length and width of the non-pivot portion of the bracket should also be adjustable. There should be an opening or slot through the bracket, with adjustable length and width, to allow for different mounting screw/bolt locations on the device being mounted.

Finally, I need to include adjustable parameters for the pivot bolt/nut. I need to be able to specify the hex size for any bolt or nut that will be recessed into the bracket, and the depth of that recess. Also, I need a parameter for the bolt hole diameter through the bracket, as well as the size and depth of any flat/post or recess for where the bolt/nut/handle touches the bracket.

I need this all to be in a parametric OpenSCAD file or files, so that I can customize it for whatever new thing I want to attach to my tripod, which uses a typical wedge mount.

The main parameters I can see needing are:

**Base:**

*   `Base_X`: Exterior width of the base.
*   `Base_Y`: Exterior length of the base (if 0, use `Base_X` for a square base).
*  `Corner_Rounding`: How rounded the corners of the base are.
*   `Base_Z`: Height of the base.
*   `Wedge_Angle`: The angle of the wedge for the base.
*   `Wedge_Start`: The starting height of the wedge (must be less than `Base_Z`).
* `recess_pct`: Percentage of base to recess underneath.

**Bracket/Pivot:**

*   `Tip_Radius`: Radius of the pivot joint at the tip.
*   `Tip_Width`: Width of the bracket at the pivot.
*   `Bracket_Length`: Length from the base to the center of the pivot.
*  `Bracket_Width`: Width of the non-pivot portion of the bracket.
*   `Slot_Length`: Length of the slot in the bracket.
*   `Slot_Width`: Width of the slot in the bracket.

**Pivot Bolt/Nut:**

*   `Nut_Size`: Hex size for the nut/bolt recess.
*   `Nut_Depth`: Depth of the nut/bolt recess.
*   `Bolt_Diameter`: Diameter of the bolt hole through the bracket.
*   `Bolt_Neck_Diameter`: Size of the post or recess where the fastener touches the bracket.
*   `Bolt_Neck_Depth`: Depth of the post/recess for the fastener (negative for a recess, positive for a post).

I will also need a way to flip the orientation for viewing or printing, and maybe some kind of build plate preview in the customizer. I am familiar with the `build_plate.scad` library for that.

I'd like the code to handle potential parameter issues, like a non-numeric values or numbers that don't make sense. Maybe show a simple stop sign and a text error message.

I think that's all, let me know if I missed anything or if you need additional information.

[Assistant]
tripod_bracket_adapter.scad:
```
// OpenSCAD file to create custom bracket adapters for tripods and other devices
// using an angled wedge/"shoe" base.
//
// Setup for use with Thingiverse.com Customizer.
//
// preview[view:south east, tilt:top diagonal]
//
// Original code created November-December, 2016 by Allan M. Estes, Dearborn, MI
// Uploaded to Thingiverse December 4, 2016, all rights reserved.
//
// to do:
//      More/better parameter validation for Customizer.
//      Either strip out or fix build platform code.
//
// Note: the +0 added to some assignments is to keep item from showing up in
// Thingiverse Customizer.

// Following are parameter which are configurable through the customizer

/* [Display/Printing] */

// Smoothness of generated surfaces/curves
$fn=36;
// Orientation for viewing or printing
orientation = 0; // // [0:print, 1:view]

/* [Bracket Pivot] */

// - radius of pivot joint at tip of bracket/clamp (determines bracket thickness)
Tip_Radius = 7.5;
// - width of bracket at pivot
Tip_Width = 20.24;
// - long side of bracket from base to center of pivot
Bracket_Length = 25.4;
// - width of non-pivot portion of bracket
Bracket_Width = 14;
// - length of opening/slot in bracket
Slot_Length = 21.8;
// - width of opening/slot in bracket
Slot_Width = 5.7;

/* [Pivot Bolt] */

// - hex size to use for pivot nut/bolt recess
Nut_Size = 7.9;
// - amount to recess hexagonal opening into bracket
Nut_Depth = 3.5;
// - size of pivot bolt hole through bracket
Bolt_Diameter = 4.8;
// - size for flat/post or recess where pivot fastener bolt/nut/handle touches bracket
Bolt_Neck_Diameter = 11;
// - depth/height of recess or post for fastener (recess < 0 < post)
Bolt_Neck_Depth = -3;

/* [Base] */

// - exterior width (X dimension) of base/mount "shoe"
Base_X = 38.3;
// - exterior length (Y dimension) of base/mount: 0 = same as X (square base)
Base_Y = 0;
// - amount of rounding to apply to corners (0=no rounding, 100=maximum rounding)
Corner_Rounding = 30; // [0:100]
// Height of base/mount
Base_Z = 6.3;
// Angle of base/mount
Wedge_Angle = 35; // [5:45]
// Base height where angle starts, must be less than base_Z
Wedge_Start = 1;

/* [Hidden] */

// Percent base will be recessed underneath (none to maximum)
recess_pct = 100; // [0:100]

// user control of viewable build plate in Customizer:
// Turn on viewable build plate?
display_build_plate = 0; // [0:no, 1:yes]
use <utils/build_plate.scad>
// For display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 3; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]
// When Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]
// When Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

// sanitize/convert parameters:

baseY = abs((Base_Y==0) ? Base_X : Base_Y);
baseX = abs(Base_X);
baseZ = abs(Base_Z);
shorter = min(baseX,baseY);
taperpct = 1 - (Wedge_Start/baseZ);
taper = Wedge_Angle;

bad_binput = baseX==undef || baseY==undef || baseZ==undef || taperpct==undef;
bad_brange = baseZ<2 || baseZ>shorter ||    // too short/long (long is a bit arbitrary)
             baseX<10 || baseX>100 ||
             baseX<10 || baseY>100;
bad_bconflc = Wedge_Start>=baseZ;

pivot_r = abs(Tip_Radius);
pivot_w = abs(Tip_Width);
post_h = abs(Bracket_Length);
post_w = abs(Bracket_Width);
slot_h = abs(Slot_Length);
slot_w = abs(Slot_Width) + 0.5; // Do I really want to add this?

bad_pinput = pivot_r==undef || pivot_w==undef || post_h==undef ||
             post_w==undef || slot_h==undef || slot_w==undef;
bad_pconflc = post_w>=pivot_w || slot_w>=post_w;
bad_prange = pivot_r<2 || pivot_r>shorter/2 ||
             post_h<pivot_r || post_h>100;

nut_s = abs(Nut_Size) + 0.3;
nut_t = abs(Nut_Depth);
bolt_d = abs(Bolt_Diameter) + 0.3;
bneck_d = Bolt_Neck_Diameter;
bneck_t = Bolt_Neck_Depth < 0 ? Bolt_Neck_Depth - 0.3 : Bolt_Neck_Depth;

bad_ninput = nut_s==undef || nut_t==undef || bolt_d==undef ||
             bneck_d==undef || bneck_t==undef;
bad_nconflc = (nut_s>=(pivot_r*2) || bolt_d >= nut_s || bneck_d >= (pivot_r*2));

bad_input = bad_binput || bad_pinput || bad_ninput;
bad_range = bad_brange || bad_prange;
bad_conflc = bad_bconflc || bad_pconflc || bad_nconflc;

fillet = Corner_Rounding*shorter/4/100;

// flag problems for bad data, used later to generate error "messages"

final_rot = orientation ? -taper : 90;
final_y_tran = orientation ? -baseX/2 : post_h;
final_z_tran = orientation ? -post_h/2 : 7.5;

// Module definitions start here

// generic modules to copy and move (translate) an object or to copy and rotate
module duplicate_t(v) {
    children();
    translate(v) children();
}
module duplicate_r(v1,v2) {
    children();
    rotate(v1,v2) children();
}

// Modules to deal with the bse -
// Base is generated from a flat square/rectangle with optionally rounded
// corners which is extruded into the final shape. The base is taperred by
// extruding with scaling. By default the underside is recessed, but the
// amount is controllable and can be reduced down to zero.

// generate 2d outline used to build base
module base_outline(Xdim,Ydim,Fillet) {
    if (Fillet>0) {
        minkowski() {
            square([Xdim-(2*Fillet),Ydim-(2*Fillet)], true);
            circle(Fillet);
        }
    } else
        square([Xdim,Ydim], true);
}

// hollow/recess shape by difference with a scaled down clone
module hollow(Pct) {
    hpctz = .85 * Pct/100;
    hpctxy = hpctz * (.75 + .25*recess_pct/100);
    difference() {
        children();
        translate([0,0,-.001]) scale(v=[hpctxy,hpctxy,hpctz]) children();
    }
}

// extrude a tapering shape using a specified angle
module extrude_taper(Deg,Zdst,Base,Pct) {
    union() {
        if (Pct>0) {
            translate([0,0,Zdst*(1-Pct)])
            // scale is determined from angle using height change vs base
            linear_extrude(height=Zdst*Pct, center=false,
                           convexity=10,
                           scale = 1-tan(Deg)*(Zdst*Pct)/(Base/2)
//                           scale = (Base-(Zdst*Pct*tan(Deg)*2))/Base
            )
            children();
        }
        if (Pct!=1) {
            linear_extrude(height=Zdst*(1-Pct), center=false, convexity=10)
            children();
        }
    }
}

module nut(sides,size,depth) {
    th = sqrt(3)*size/2;
    hr = sqrt(3)*size/3;
    difference() {
        linear_extrude(height=depth+.1,scale=1.0)
        if (sides == 4)
            square(size,center=true);
        else if (sides == 3)
            translate([-size/2,-th/3,0])
            polygon([[0,0],[size/2,th],[size,0]]);
        else
            polygon([[-hr,0],[-hr/2,size/2],[hr/2,size/2],
                     [hr,0],[hr/2,-size/2],[-hr/2,-size/2]]);
    }
}

// End of Modules

// Main "code" starts here, first portion deals with customizer errors. To be a little
// more user friendly, generate a "stop sign" with text describing error. In the event
// of multiple errors, just give a single most significant error.

if (bad_input || bad_range || bad_conflc) {
    s = 10 + 0; r=s*1.414+s; // points to create octagon
    rotate([90,0,0]) {
        color("red")
        translate([0,0,-.01])
        polygon([[r,s],[s,r],[-s,r],[-r,s],[-r,-s],[-s,-r],[s,-r],[r,-s]]);
        text("Bad Parameters",halign="center",valign="bottom");
        if (bad_input) {
            text("Missing or non-numeric data",halign="center",valign="top");
        } else if (bad_brange) {
            text("Bad dimensions for base",halign="center",valign="top");
        } else if (bad_prange) {
            text("Bad dimensions in bracket/pivot",halign="center",valign="top");
        } else if (bad_bconflc) {
            text("Conflicting value in base wedge",halign="center",valign="top");
        } else if (bad_pconflc) {
            text("Conflicting value in pivot/post",halign="center",valign="top");
        } else if (bad_nconflc) {
            text("Bolt/nut sizes exceed available space",halign="center",valign="top");
        } else {
            text("Errors in inputs",halign="center",valign="top");
        }
    }
} else translate([0,final_y_tran,final_z_tran]) rotate([final_rot,0,0]){

    // If all is well, build the item ...

    if (display_build_plate)
        build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

    // base
    extra = (1-taperpct)*baseZ*tan(taper); // so rotation will be flush
    translate([0,-pivot_r,0])
    rotate([taper,0,0])
    translate([0,baseX/2+extra,0]) {
        // wedge
        hollow(recess_pct)
        extrude_taper(taper,baseZ,shorter,taperpct)
        base_outline(baseX,baseY,fillet);

        // flange (shrunk and shifted for printing w/o supports)
        // widened for specific tripod
        adj = tan(taper)*baseZ*taperpct + tan(taper)*2;
        translate([0,adj/2,baseZ])
        linear_extrude(height=2)
        base_outline(baseX+adj,baseY-adj,fillet);
        }

    // bracket
    dome_r = (pivot_w-post_w)/2;
    rotate([0,90,0])
    translate([-post_h-(baseZ/cos(taper)),0,0]) {

        difference() {
            // basic bracket shape
            union() {
                translate([post_h/2,0,0])
                cube([post_h,pivot_r*2,post_w], center=true);   // post
                cylinder(r=pivot_r,h=post_w,center=true);       // rounded top
                duplicate_r([180,0,0])
                translate([0,0,post_w/2])
                rotate_extrude(angle=360) {
                    square([pivot_r-dome_r,dome_r]);
                    translate([pivot_r-dome_r,0,0])
                    circle(r=dome_r);                           // domes
                }
                if (bneck_t > 0)
                    translate([0,0,-pivot_w/2-bneck_t])
                    cylinder(d=bneck_d,h=bneck_t+dome_r);   // post for bolt base/neck
            }

            // "subtract" negative space
            if (bneck_t < 0)
                translate([0,0,-pivot_w/2])
                cylinder(d=bneck_d,h=-bneck_t);         // recess for bolt base/neck
            translate([0,0,pivot_w/2-nut_t])
            rotate([0,0,90])
            nut(6,nut_s,nut_t);                         // recess for nut
            cylinder(d=bolt_d,h=2*pivot_w,center=true); // bolt threads
            translate([(slot_h-2*pivot_r)/2,0,0])       // slot for device "tab"
            cube([slot_h,pivot_r*2+.1,slot_w], center=true);

            translate([post_h,-pivot_r,-baseX/2])      // trim for anngled base
            rotate([0,0,taper])
            cube([baseZ*2,baseX,baseY]);

        }

        // put "teeth" on pivot surface
        duplicate_r([180,0,0])
        translate([0,0,slot_w/2])
        rotate([0,90,0])
        for (i=[0:17])
           rotate([i*20,0,0])
           rotate([0,0,45])
           translate([-.5,-.5,bolt_d/2])
           cube([1,1,pivot_r-bolt_d/2]);
    }
}
```


[User]
I'm working on an architectural model, roughly N-scale, and I need to generate some railings. I've found this OpenSCAD file online that's a good starting point, but I want a more modern, stone-like look.  It’s based on a fence design, but I'd like the railings to have a solid, chunky feel, and I’m envisioning fewer, thicker vertical supports instead of thin slats.

I’d like to be able to customize the following parameters:

*   **Total Length:**  The overall length of the railing, preferably set as a total length rather than by a number of sections. I think this will be most intuitive when placing it in my model.
*   **Height:** The height of the railing.
*   **Depth:** The overall depth or thickness of the railing - this will impact the perceived chunkiness I’m going for.
*   **Post Width:** The width of the vertical posts.
*   **Post Depth:** The depth of the vertical posts.
*   **Post Spacing:** The distance between the vertical posts, measured from center to center.
*   **Top Rail Height:** The height of the top horizontal rail, relative to the bottom of the railing.
*   **Top Rail Thickness:** The vertical thickness of the top rail.
*   **Top Rail Depth:**  The depth of the top rail
*    **Bottom Rail Height:** The height of the bottom horizontal rail, relative to the bottom of the railing.
*   **Bottom Rail Thickness:** The vertical thickness of the bottom rail.
*   **Bottom Rail Depth:**  The depth of the bottom rail

I'd like the railing to consist of two horizontal rails (top and bottom) and evenly-spaced vertical posts. I am not looking to create a specific type of material appearance (e.g., stone), but to have chunky blocky elements that would allow the appearance to be more stone-like than a thin fence.  I think having these be configurable will be critical to making it look right in the model. I don't need any special end posts beyond the regular vertical posts.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that creates this railing with these customizable parameters? I don't need any external libraries for this.

[Assistant]
customizable_fence_remix.scad:
```
//
//	Customizable Fence for N Scale Model Railroads
//	Steve Medwin
//	April 12, 2014
//
//  Derivative by Jonathan Sammon
//  Dec. 14, 2016

// preview[view:north, tilt:bottom]

Nslats=8*1;
width=0.8*1;
height=6*1;
depth=0.6*1;
spacing=1.5*8/7*1;
bar_depth=depth-0.2;
// How many fence sections?
number_sections=2; // [1:20]

module fence() {
// vertical slats
	for (i=[1:Nslats-1]){
		translate([i*spacing+width/4,1,0]) cube([.5,height-2.1,depth]);
		}

// horizontal bars
	translate([0,1,0]) cube([Nslats*spacing,width,depth]);
	translate([0,height-1.1,0]) cube([Nslats*spacing,width,depth]);

// vertical post
	translate([0,0,0]) cube([width,height,depth]);
    translate([-width*.25,height,0]) cube([width*1.5,.5,depth*1.5]);
}

// make fence
for (j=[0:number_sections-1]) {
	translate ([j*Nslats*spacing,0,0]) fence();
}

// end the row of fences
// vertical post
	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,0,0]) cube([width,height,depth]);
    translate([-width*.25+number_sections*Nslats*spacing,height,0]) cube([width*1.5,width/2,depth*1.5]);
// horizontal bars
//	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,1,depth]) cube([width,width,bar_depth]);
//	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,height-1.1,depth]) cube([width,width,bar_depth]);
```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a desk cable hole cover. It's a pretty simple design, essentially a cylinder with a lip that sits on top of the desk. The cylinder part will go into the hole in the desk, and the lip will cover the edges of the hole.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   `hole_cover_wall_thickness`: This is the thickness of the cylindrical part that goes into the desk hole.
*   `hole_diameter`: This is the diameter of the hole in the desk.
*   `hole_height`: This is the depth of the hole in the desk.
*   `desk_cover_height`: This is the height of the lip (or cover) that sits on the desk surface.
*   `desk_cover_thickness`: This is how much larger the diameter of the lip is than the hole in the desk.

The design should consist of two main parts: the cylinder that goes into the hole, and the lip that sits on the desk surface. The lip should be attached to the top of the cylinder. I'd like the lip to be slightly wider than the hole so it rests on the surface. I'd like the lip to have a slightly chamfered edge for a nicer look too, if that's not too difficult. Please make sure that the design uses smooth curves - I'd like `$fn=50`.

Could you please generate the OpenSCAD file for this? I don't need any fancy library features or anything, just the basic OpenSCAD primitives.

[Assistant]
desk_cable_hole_cover.scad:
```
/*
Author: Kevin Lutzer
Date Created: Oct 8 2016
Description: A part to protect a hole in a desk meant for threading cables through.
*/

///////////////////////////////////////////////// Parameter /////////////////////////////////////////////////

hole_cover_wall_thickness = 3;
hole_diameter = 45;
hole_height = 18.5;

desk_cover_height = 3;
desk_cover_thickness = 5;

///////////////////////////////////////////////// Prototypes /////////////////////////////////////////////////
union()
{
    difference(){
        cylinder(hole_height + desk_cover_height, d1 = hole_diameter, d2 = hole_diameter, 0, $fn=50 );
        cylinder(hole_height + desk_cover_height, d1 = (hole_diameter-hole_cover_wall_thickness), d2 = (hole_diameter-hole_cover_wall_thickness), 0, $fn=50);
    }
    translate([0,0,hole_height]){
        difference(){
            cylinder(desk_cover_height, d1 = (hole_diameter+desk_cover_thickness), d2 = (hole_diameter), 0, $fn=50);
            cylinder(desk_cover_height, d1 = hole_diameter, d2 = hole_diameter, 0, $fn=50);
        }

    }
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////// modules //////////////////////////////////////////////////

```
desk_cable_hole_cover.scad:
```
/*
Author: Kevin Lutzer
Date Created: Oct 8 2016
Description: A part to protect a hole in a desk meant for threading cables through.
*/

///////////////////////////////////////////////// Parameter /////////////////////////////////////////////////

// The thickness of the cyclinder that will slide into the desk hole
hole_cover_wall_thickness = 5;
// Diameter of the hole in the desk
hole_diameter = 45;
// The depth of the whole in the desk
hole_height = 18.5;

// The height of the cover from the base of the desk to the top of the cover
desk_cover_height = 3;
// The thickness of the desk cover
desk_cover_thickness = 5;

///////////////////////////////////////////////// Prototypes /////////////////////////////////////////////////
union()
{
    difference(){
        cylinder(hole_height + desk_cover_height, d1 = hole_diameter, d2 = hole_diameter, 0, $fn=50 );
        cylinder(hole_height + desk_cover_height, d1 = (hole_diameter-hole_cover_wall_thickness), d2 = (hole_diameter-hole_cover_wall_thickness), 0, $fn=50);
    }
    translate([0,0,hole_height]){
        difference(){
            cylinder(desk_cover_height, d1 = (hole_diameter+desk_cover_thickness), d2 = (hole_diameter), 0, $fn=50);
            cylinder(desk_cover_height, d1 = hole_diameter, d2 = hole_diameter, 0, $fn=50);
        }

    }
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////// modules //////////////////////////////////////////////////

```