[User]
I'd like to design a battery tray that can hold two different types of batteries. I need it to be parametric, so I can easily adjust the size and number of batteries.

Here's how I envision it: The tray will have two distinct sections, each designed to hold a specific battery type. For each section, I need to be able to specify the battery diameter, and the number of rows and columns of batteries. I want to be able to adjust the spacing between the batteries, as well as the space between the two groups of batteries. I'd also like to control the overall tray height and the base thickness. Corner rounding is also important so it's less boxy. Finally, an alignment parameter for how the battery groups are positioned along the width would be useful.

To be more precise:

*   **Battery Group 1 Parameters:**
    *   `diameter1`: Diameter of the first battery type (e.g., 14.5 for AA).
    *   `columns1`: Number of columns of battery clusters (quads) for the first group.
    *   `rows1`: Number of rows of battery clusters (quads) for the first group.

*   **Battery Group 2 Parameters:**
    *   `diameter2`: Diameter of the second battery type (e.g., 10.6 for AAA).
    *   `columns2`: Number of columns of battery clusters (quads) for the second group.
    *   `rows2`: Number of rows of battery clusters (quads) for the second group.

*   **General Tray Parameters:**
    *   `height`: Total height of the tray.
    *   `spacing`: Spacing between battery clusters (quads) and the edges of the tray.
    *   `groupspacing`: Spacing between the two groups of batteries.
    *   `alignment`: Controls the positioning of the battery groups (0: centered, 1: starting at edge).
    *  `base`: thickness of the base under the batteries.
    *   `cornerRounding`: Radius of the corner rounding.

*   **Battery Cluster Shape:** The batteries are grouped in clusters of four (a quad) for easy printing; each quad is essentially four circles with rounded corners around the edges.

I think that should cover all the important parameters. I'm looking for a single OpenSCAD file that implements this design. I don't need any external libraries for this.

[Assistant]
battery_tray_v2-0.scad:
```
// extended version of the battery tray script that allows two groups of batteries - same or different size
// first group: enter values _diameter1, _columns1, _rows1
// second group: enter values _diameter2, _columns2, _rows2

// height of the tray
_height = 8; // [1:80]

// battery diameter (AA-14.5, AAA-10.6 123A-16.8 CR2-15.5)
_diameter1 = 14.5;
_diameter2 = 10.6;

// number of battery clusters across
_columns1 = 3; // [1:12]
_columns2 = 3; // [1:12]

// number of battery clusters deep
_rows1 = 2; // [1:12]
_rows2 = 2; // [1:12]

// padding between the clusters of batteries (also affects padding along the edges)
_spacing = 1.2;

// padding between the two group of batteries
_groupspacing = 5.0;

// alignment of battery groups (0 = centered, 1 = starting at edge)
_alignment = 1;

// thickness of the base under the batteries
_base = 0.5;

// radius of corner rounding
_cornerRounding = 4.0;

module batteryQuad(diameter) {
	angle = 35;
	r = diameter/2;
	cut = 2*r*sin(angle);
	tan = tan(angle);
	filletCenter = r - r * tan;
	filletCenter2 = r + r * tan;
	filletOffset = r * tan;
	filletRadius = r/cos(angle) - r;

	eps = 0.1;

	difference() {
		union() {
			for (x=[-r,r]) {
				for (y=[-r,r]) {
					translate([x,y,0]) {
						circle(r=r, center=true);
					}
				}
			}
			for (t=[ [ r, 0, 0],
					[-r, 0, 0],
					[ 0, r, 0],
					[ 0,-r, 0] ]) {
				translate(t) {
					square(size=[cut,cut], center=true);
				}
			}
		}
		// round
		for (z=[0:90:270]) {
			rotate([0,0,z]) {
				for(y=[filletOffset, -filletOffset]) {
					translate([0, r+y,0]) {
						circle(r=filletRadius, center=true, $fn=30);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

module makeTray(height, diameter1, rows1, columns1, diameter2, rows2, columns2, spacing, groupspacing, alignment, base, rounding) {
	eps = 0.1;
	rounding = min(min(rounding, diameter1/2 + spacing*2), diameter2/2 + spacing*2);

	quadSize1 = 2 * diameter1;
	width1 = (quadSize1 + spacing) * columns1 + spacing*2;
	depth1 = (quadSize1 + spacing) * rows1 + spacing*2;

    quadSize2 = 2 * diameter2;
	width2 = (quadSize2 + spacing) * columns2 + spacing*2;
	depth2 = (quadSize2 + spacing) * rows2 + spacing*2;

    width = max(width1, width2);
    depth = depth1 + depth2 - spacing + groupspacing;
    xstart1 = -max(alignment*width, width1)/2 + spacing*1.5 + quadSize1/2;
    xstart2 = -max(alignment*width, width2)/2 + spacing*1.5 + quadSize2/2;
    ystart1 = -depth/2 + spacing*1.5 + quadSize1/2;
    ystart2 = -depth/2 + depth1 + quadSize2/2 + groupspacing;

	difference() {
		hull()
		for (x=[-width/2 + rounding, width/2 - rounding])
		for (y=[-depth/2 + rounding, depth/2 - rounding]) {
			translate([x,y])
			cylinder(r=rounding, h=height);
		}
		translate([0,0,base]) linear_extrude(height) {
			for (x=[0:1:columns1-1])
			for (y=[0:1:rows1-1]) {
				translate([xstart1 + (quadSize1 + spacing)*x, ystart1 + (quadSize1 + spacing)*y, 0]) {
					batteryQuad(diameter1);
				}
			}
   			for (x=[0:1:columns2-1])
			for (y=[0:1:rows2-1]) {
				translate([xstart2 + (quadSize2 + spacing)*x, ystart2 + (quadSize2 + spacing)*y, 0]) {
					batteryQuad(diameter2);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

makeTray(_height, _diameter1, _rows1, _columns1, _diameter2, _rows2, _columns2, _spacing, _groupspacing, _alignment, _base, _cornerRounding, $fn=90);

```


[User]
Hey, I need help designing a parametric 3D-printable stabilizer for filament spools. I've been using 5DollarFilament spools, and while the newer ones are much sturdier, I still like using stabilizers to get a smoother feed on my printer.

The basic idea is a ring that fits snugly inside the spool's bore, with four tabs that extend outwards to the edge of the spool, and then wrap around and lock into the exterior. I've got a scad file that does it but it's not as flexible as I'd like it, and has some very magic numbers.

Here's what I'm looking for in the design:

*   **Parametric Bore Size:** The main parameter I need is the inner diameter of the stabilizer, so I can make it fit different spools. I want to specify this as the `arbor` parameter. I regularly see 53mm (Replicator-style) and 31mm (Monoprice) spools, but there can be others.

*   **Parametric Wall Thickness:** I need to be able to adjust the thickness of all of the plastic, so I can adjust the stability and print time, which I think we can set with `trace`.

*   **Four Locking Tabs:** The design has four tabs, equally spaced around the circle, to grab the outside of the spool. These should be configurable for width (`gap`, from the center of the tab, not the edge), height (`lip`, the depth of the recess) and length (`tabL`, the length of the tab, not including the small bit that connects to the ring) The height of these should also be parametric based on the diameter of the central ring.

*   **Central Ring:** This is the main ring part of the design and needs to be defined based on an interior and exterior diameter. The exterior should just be the interior diameter plus some thickness, where the thickness can be set by `trace`.

*   **Lip:** This is the inner part of the locking tabs. I have a constant `lip` parameter, but it should be parameterized based on the inner diameter of the ring.

*  **'Old' and 'New' Style Compatibility:** The original design has two versions, based on the height of the forks. I don't think I care about doing this, as the New Style is superior, and this code will only be good for it.

I'm envisioning two SCAD files: one main file for the stabilizer, and a second file to handle all of the parameter customization and testing. Ideally, this should also be able to show different parts of the design so I can see what I am doing. I don't want to have to compile everything every single time I want to test, or to only test individual parts.

I don't have any specific library requirements, so you can use whichever you think is best for this project. Let me know if you have any questions!

[Assistant]
5DF_Stabilizer.scad:
```
stabilizer();

$fn = 96;
height = 1;
trace = 1.0;

arbor = 53; // Replicator, etc. = 53, Monoprice = 31;
gap	= 4;
//coreR = 34.25; 	// New
coreR = 33; 	// Old
lip = 2.5;
tabH = coreR+lip+2;
tabL = gap-0.5;

module stabilizer()
{
difference(){
	cylinder(height, arbor/2+2*trace, arbor/2+2*trace);
	cylinder(height, arbor/2, arbor/2);
	}
for(i=[0:3])
	{
	rotate([0,0,i*90]) union(){
	translate([gap/2,arbor/2+trace/2,0]) cube([trace*2, tabH-arbor/2-trace/2,height]);
	translate([gap/2 - tabL,tabH-2*trace,0]) cube([tabL+2*trace,2*trace,height]);
	translate([-gap/2-2*trace-0.5, coreR - 2*trace, 0]) cube([2*trace,lip,height]);
	translate([-gap/2-0.5-2*trace,coreR-2*trace-2*trace,0]) cube([gap+2*trace+0.5+2*trace,2*trace,height]);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Hi! I'm looking to design a custom dog wheelchair, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD to create a parametric model that I can then 3D print. I've seen a project on Thingiverse called FiGO, and I'm hoping to do something similar but with a completely fresh design.

Essentially, the wheelchair should be built from standard hardware store materials, mainly acrylic tubing and some screws, with 3D-printed joints connecting everything. I want to be able to easily customize the design based on my dog's measurements.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm looking for:

1.  **Parametric Design:** The core idea is to make the design adjustable using parameters for my dog’s measurements (width, height, length), as well as other parameters for materials.

2.  **Dog Measurements:**
    *   `A`: Dog's width (inches).
    *   `B`: Dog's height (inches) - measured from the ground to their back, but this also needs to take the wheel radius and a bit of clearance into account.
    *   `C`: Dog's length from their belly to their tail, minus a bit for clearance, also in inches.
    *   `D`: Dog's weight (pounds), which I understand could influence the design, such as whether or not a support bar is added to the design.

3.  **Material Parameters:**
    *   `wheel_diameter`: Diameter of the wheels (inches)
    *   `screw_diameter`: Diameter of screws to be used to mount the straps (inches).
    *   `tube_outer_diameter`: Outer diameter of the acrylic tubes (inches).

4.  **Wheel Angle:**
    *   `wheel_angle`: This should control the backwards angle of the rear wheel support bars (degrees). Default should be 0.

5. **Joint Design:**
    * The main idea is that these printed parts will hold the tubes together. There should be holes for screw attachments for straps.

6.  **Assembly:** The wheelchair should consist of:
    * Two side frames constructed from tubing.
    * A front crossbar connecting the side frames.
    * Two rear wheel support bars also connecting to the side frames.
    * A support bar between the wheel support bars (if the weight is above 10 pounds).

7.  **Straps:** The model needs to include a strap system, ideally with attachment points that use the screw diameter parameter to create screw holes, the positioning of which I need to be able to adjust based on my dogs size.

8.  **Optional Extras:**
    *   I'd like to have the ability to add a cross-support bar. This is used for dogs over 10 pounds in the original project, but having this as a parameter will be handy.
    * The design should include wheels, but they can just be simple spheres.

9. **Required Libraries:** I'd like to use the BOSL library for some of the more advanced shapes that might be needed for the joints.

I'd like to see the model as a complete wheelchair assembly that takes all these measurements as parameters. It should also output separate files for each part: a joint piece connecting the side frames and front crossbar, two pieces connecting the side frame and rear wheel bars, two pieces connecting the front and rear crossbars to the frames, and a wheel component. I know this is a lot, but I'd be really grateful for your help in putting this together.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
FiGO.scad:
```
    //A = As is
    //B = measurement - wheel radius - 1"
    //C = length of  dog from their belly to their tail, minus 2"

/* [Global] */

/* [Parts] */

    part = "wheelchair_sim_"; // [wheelchair_sim_:Wheelchair Simulation,part_a_:Part A,part_b_:Part B, part_b2_:Part B2, part_c_:Part C,part_d_:Part D,part_e_:Part E,all_parts_:All Parts]

/* [Measurements] */

// Dog Width in inches
    A = 6;
// Dog Height in inches
    B = 8;
// Dog Length in inches
    C = 14;
// Weight of Dog in pounds(<10 pounds will have an extra support bar)
    D = 11;

/* [Materials] */

// in inches
    wheel_diameter = 4;
// in inches
    screw_diameter = 0.25;
// in inches (default slightly larger than 3/4" to accomodate print resolution)
    tube_outer_diameter = 0.776;

//15 for back tilt
wheel_angle = 0;

/* [Hidden] */

    $fn=60;
    //128 = very high res

//tube_outer_radius = 0.388;

tube_outer_radius = tube_outer_diameter / 2;

    //Joint Piece Inner Readius Cutout (9.525 mm or 0.375 inch is exact size, 9.85mm or 0.388 inch is slightly larger for Makerbots)
    inner_radius = tube_outer_radius * 25.4;

    screwsize = screw_diameter * 12.7;
    wheelsize = wheel_diameter * 12.7;
    bar = D > 10;
    t_angle = 15;

    //Joint Piece Outer Radius
    //outer_radius = inner_radius * 1.57;
    outer_radius = 14.95425;

    //Cylinder Length
    cyllength = 25.4;

    //Torus Bend Parameters
    bend_radius = 1;
    angle_1 = -30;
    angle_2 = 60;

    //wheelchair sim
    chairlength = C * 25.4 - 50.8;
    //length of  dog from their belly to their tail, minus 2"
    chairwidth = A * 25.4;
    chairheight = B * 25.4 - wheelsize - 25.4;
    chairwheeldistance = 90;

///////////END PARAMETERS///////////

module wheelchair(){

    union(){

    translate([ chairwidth, 0 ,0])
    rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=chairlength, $fn=60) ;

    mirror(){

    rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=chairlength, $fn=60) ;
    }

    rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=chairwidth, $fn=60) ;

     rotate(a=wheel_angle, v=[1,0,0])
    translate([ 0, -chairwheeldistance ,-chairheight])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=chairheight, $fn=60) ;
    mirror (){
            rotate(a=wheel_angle, v=[1,0,0])

    translate([ -chairwidth, -chairwheeldistance ,-chairheight])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=chairheight, $fn=60) ;
   }

    if (bar) {
                if (wheel_angle) {
    translate([ 0, wheel_angle * 2 ,0])
   rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
    translate([ chairheight, -chairwheeldistance ,0])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=chairwidth, $fn=60) ;
                }

                else {
      rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
    translate([ chairheight, -chairwheeldistance ,0])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=chairwidth, $fn=60) ;
    }
}
}

 if (wheel_angle) {
    translate([ 0, wheel_angle * 2 ,0])

  color("black")

intersection(){

    rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
    translate([ chairheight + 30, -chairwheeldistance , -28])
    scale([1,1,0.25])
    sphere(r=wheelsize, $fn=60) ;

}
    translate([ 0, wheel_angle * 2 ,0])

  color("black")

    mirror (){
    rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
    translate([ chairheight + 30, -chairwheeldistance , - chairwidth -28])
     scale([1,1,0.25])
    sphere(r=wheelsize, $fn=60) ;

}

}

else {

   color("dimgrey")

intersection(){

    rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
    translate([ chairheight + 30, -chairwheeldistance , -28])
    scale([1,1,0.25])
    sphere(r=wheelsize, $fn=60) ;

}
  color("dimgrey")

    mirror (){
    rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
    translate([ chairheight + 30, -chairwheeldistance , - chairwidth -28])
     scale([1,1,0.25])
    sphere(r=wheelsize, $fn=60) ;

}
}
}

module wheelchairwithbar(){

    wheelchair();

    rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
    translate([ chairheight, -chairwheeldistance ,0])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=chairwidth, $fn=60) ;

}

module bend(){

    // bend
    difference()
    {

    // torus
    rotate_extrude()
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0, 0])
    circle(r=outer_radius, $fn=6);

    // torus cutout
    rotate_extrude()
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0, 0])
    circle(r=inner_radius);

    // lower cutout
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
    translate([-100 * (((angle_2 - angle_1) <= 180)?1:0), -100, -50])
    cube([300, 100, 100]);

    // upper cutout
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([-100 * (((angle_2 - angle_1) <= 180)?1:0), 0, -50])
    cube([300, 100, 100]);

    }
    }

     module bend2(){

        intersection(){
                rotate([0, 0, -30])
   translate([0,0,-50])

                cube([100, 100, 100]);

    union(){

    // bend
    difference()
    {

    // torus
    rotate_extrude()
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0, 0])

    rotate([0, 0, 90])
    circle(r=outer_radius, $fn=6);

    // torus cutout
    rotate_extrude()
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0, 0])

    circle(r=inner_radius);

    // lower cutout
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
    translate([-100 * (((angle_2 - angle_1) <= 180)?1:0), -100, -50])
    cube([300, 100, 100]);

    // upper cutout
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([-100 * (((angle_2 - angle_1) <= 180)?1:0), 0, -50])
    cube([300, 100, 100]);

    }
    }
}

}

module strapholes(){

   translate([-15, 33, -50])
   cylinder(r=screwsize, h= 100);

}

module straps1(){

    //straps

   difference(){

   union(){
      translate([-25.38, 28.9, -10])
      cube([20, 20, 20]);

   }
union(){
    rotate(a=-30, v=[1,0,0])
      translate([-40, -100, 20.926])
          cube([200, 200, 20]);

    rotate(a=30, v=[1,0,0])
      translate([-40, -100, -43.63])
          cube([200, 200, 22.7]);

          translate([-40, 39, -20])
             cube([200, 200, 50]);

}
   rotate(a= 10, v=[1,0,0])
   strapholes();
}
}

module straps2(){

   //straps

   difference(){

   union(){
      translate([-25.38, 28.9, -10])
      cube([12, 20, 20]);

   }
union(){
    rotate(a=-30, v=[1,0,0])
      translate([-40, -100, 20.926])
          cube([200, 200, 20]);

    rotate(a=30, v=[1,0,0])
      translate([-40, -100, -43.63])
          cube([200, 200, 22.7]);

}

          translate([-40, 39, -20])
             cube([200, 200, 50]);
   rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
   translate([0, 33, -50])
   cylinder(r=screwsize, h= 205);

    }
}

module straps3(){

    //straps

   difference(){

   union(){
      translate([-25.38, 28.9, -10])
      cube([20, 20, 20]);

   }
union(){
    rotate(a=-30, v=[1,0,0])
      translate([-40, -100, 20.926])
          cube([200, 200, 20]);

    rotate(a=30, v=[1,0,0])
      translate([-40, -100, -43.63])
          cube([200, 200, 22.7]);

          translate([-40, 39, -20])
             cube([200, 200, 50]);

}
    rotate(a= -10, v=[1,0,0])

   strapholes();
}
}

module partA() {

    union() {

    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0.02, 0])
    rotate([90, 90, 0])
    difference() {
    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength, $fn=6) ;
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength +5 );

    }

    // upper arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -0.02, 0])
    rotate([-90, 90, 0])
    difference() {
    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength + 5);

    }

    bend2();

union(){
    rotate(a=-30, v=[0,0,1])
  // translate([-25.4, 0, -10])
    straps1();

}
    }

}

module partB() {

    if (wheel_angle ==15){

    union(){
    rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])

    union() {

    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
        //tangle is 0

                translate([bend_radius + outer_radius  - 1.3, 0.02 +  6.8 , 0])

    rotate([90, 0,  wheel_angle])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength + 8, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, -10])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength +20);

       union(){

               rotate([0, 75,  0])

    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius  - 7, -38, 45])
    translate([0, 38, -50])

    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength * 4);
       }

    }

    // upper arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -38, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength * 1.75, $fn=6 );

    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);

    }

    difference(){
    bend();

    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -40, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);

union(){
    rotate(a=64, v=[0,0,1])
    translate([-47, -50, -25])
   cube(50,50,50);

}

    }

    }

}
          rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
          rotate(a=-90, v=[0,0,1])

    translate([-12.62, -15.95, -15.95])
    straps3();

}

else  {
     union(){
    rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])

    union() {

    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
        //tangle is 0

                translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0.02  , 0])

    rotate([90, 0,  wheel_angle])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, -10])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength +15);
    }

    // upper arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -38, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength * 1.75, $fn=6 );

    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);
    }

    difference(){
    bend();

    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -40, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);
    }

    }

}
          rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
          rotate(a=-90, v=[0,0,1])

    translate([-12.62, -15.95, -15.95])
    straps1();

}

}

module partB2() {
    mirror(){

    if (wheel_angle ==15){

    union(){
    rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])

    union() {

    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
        //tangle is 0

                translate([bend_radius + outer_radius  - 1.3, 0.02 +  6.8 , 0])

    rotate([90, 0,  wheel_angle])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength + 8, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, -10])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength +20);

       union(){

               rotate([0, 75,  0])

    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius  - 7, -38, 45])
    translate([0, 38, -50])

    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength * 4);
       }

    }

    // upper arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -38, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength * 1.75, $fn=6 );

    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);

    }

    difference(){
    bend();

    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -40, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);

union(){
    rotate(a=64, v=[0,0,1])
    translate([-47, -50, -25])
   cube(50,50,50);

}

    }

    }

}
          rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
          rotate(a=-90, v=[0,0,1])

    translate([-12.62, -15.95, -15.95])
    straps3();

}

else  {
     union(){
    rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])

    union() {

    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
        //tangle is 0

                translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0.02  , 0])

    rotate([90, 0,  wheel_angle])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, -10])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength +15);
    }

    // upper arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -38, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength * 1.75, $fn=6 );

    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);
    }

    difference(){
    bend();

    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -40, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);
    }

    }

}
          rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
          rotate(a=-90, v=[0,0,1])

    translate([-12.62, -15.95, -15.95])
    straps1();

}

}
}

module partC() {

    difference(){

    rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])

    union() {

    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0.02, 0])
    rotate([90, 0, 0])

    rotate([0, 0, 90])

    difference() {
    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength - 5.4, $fn=6 );
    translate([0, 0,-10])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength + 60 );

}
}
}

translate([25.36, 0, 0])
straps1();

}

module partD() {

   difference(){

   union() {
        rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])

    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0.02, 0])
    rotate([90, 0, 0])
    rotate([0, 0, 90])

    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength + 20, $fn=6 );
    translate([0, 0,10])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength +25 );

    }
    }
    }

   union(){
   translate([50.76, 0, 0])

   straps1 ();

   translate([25.36, 0, 0])

   straps2();
   }

}

module partE() {

    if (wheel_angle){

    translate ([0,0,- wheel_angle * 2.2])
    rotate (a=wheel_angle, v=[1,0,0])

difference(){
    rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])
    union() {

        if (bar) {
    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0.02, 0])
    rotate([90, 90, 0])
    difference() {
    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength +5);
    }
    }

    // upper arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -43, 0])
    rotate([-90, 90, 0])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength * 1.75  +25.4  , $fn=6);

    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);

    // start wheel hole

    translate([0, 50, 60])
    rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
    cylinder(r=screwsize, h= 205);
}

//end wheel hole
 difference(){

 if (bar) {
 bend2();
 }

    //glitch that makes no sense but needs to exist (sorry)
    cylinder(r=0, h=0);
    //end glitch

    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -40, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);
    }
 }
    }

    }

  else{

    translate ([0,0,- wheel_angle * 2.2])
    rotate (a=wheel_angle, v=[1,0,0])

difference(){
    rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])
    union() {

        if (bar) {
    // lower arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_1])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, 0.02, 0])
    rotate([90, 90, 0])
    difference() {
    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength +5);
    }
    }

    // upper arm
    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -43, 0])
    rotate([-90, 90, 0])
    difference() {

    cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=cyllength * 1.75  +25.4  , $fn=6);

    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);

    // start wheel hole

    translate([0, 50, 60])
    rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
    cylinder(r=screwsize, h= 205);
}

//end wheel hole
 difference(){

 if (bar) {
 bend2();
 }

    //glitch that makes no sense but needs to exist (sorry)
    cylinder(r=0, h=0);
    //end glitch

    rotate([0, 0, angle_2])
    translate([bend_radius + outer_radius, -40, 0])
    rotate([-90, 0, 0])
    translate([0, 0, -1])
    cylinder(r=inner_radius, h=cyllength *2 + 5);
    }
 }
    }

    }
}

///////////RENDER///////////

print_part();

module print_part() {

if (part == "wheelchair_sim_") {
  union(){
  //partA
  translate([outer_radius,-outer_radius,0])
  rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])
  color("chartreuse")
  partA();

  mirror(){
  translate([-chairwidth + outer_radius,-outer_radius,0])
  rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partA();
  }

//partB
  translate([ 0, -chairwheeldistance - outer_radius , -outer_radius])
  rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partB();

  mirror(){
  translate([ -chairwidth, -chairwheeldistance - outer_radius , -outer_radius])
  rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partB();
  }

//partC
  translate([outer_radius , -chairwheeldistance - 80  , 0])
  rotate(a=90, v=[0,0,1])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partC();

  mirror(){
  translate([-chairwidth + outer_radius , -chairwheeldistance - 80  , 0])
  rotate(a=90, v=[0,0,1])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partC();
  }

  //partD
  translate([outer_radius , -chairlength , 0])
  rotate(a=90, v=[0,0,1])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partD();

  mirror(){
  translate([-chairwidth + outer_radius , -chairlength , 0])
  rotate(a=90, v=[0,0,1])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partD();
  }

//partE
  translate([outer_radius , -chairwheeldistance  , -chairheight - outer_radius])
  rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partE();

  mirror(){
  translate([ - chairwidth + outer_radius , -chairwheeldistance  , -chairheight - outer_radius])
  rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partE();
  }

  //wheelchair
  translate([ 0, 0 ,0])
  color("LightGrey")
  wheelchair();
  }

} else if (part == "part_a_") {
   rotate(a=-90, v=[1,0,0])
  translate([ -80,-30 , 25])
  rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partA();

} else if (part == "part_b_") {
   translate([ -90, -20 , 13])
  rotate(a=180, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partB();

	}

    else if (part == "part_b2_") {
   translate([ -90, -20 , 13])
  rotate(a=180, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partB2();

	}

else if (part == "part_c_") {
translate([-40 , 10 , -3])
  rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partC();
}

else if (part == "part_d_") {
    translate([30 , -35 , -3])
  rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partD();
  }

else if (part == "part_e_") {
  translate([ -10, -35 , 29])
  rotate(a=90, v=[0,0,1])
  rotate(a=-90, v=[0,1,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partE();
  }

else if (part == "all_parts_") {

 union() {

//partA
  rotate(a=-90, v=[1,0,0])
  translate([ -80,-30 , 25])
  rotate(a=120, v=[0,0,1])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partA();

//partB
  translate([ -90, -20 , 13])
  rotate(a=180, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partB();

//partC
  translate([-30 ,25 , -3])
  rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partC();

//partD
  translate([50 , -35 , -3])
  rotate(a=90, v=[1,0,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partD();

//partE
  translate([ 0, -35 , 29])
  rotate(a=90, v=[0,0,1])
  rotate(a=-90, v=[0,1,0])
  color("Chartreuse")
  partE();

  }

}
}

//translate([ -90, -20 , 13])
// rotate(a=180, v=[1,0,0])
// color("Chartreuse")
//partB();

//
//mirror (){
//
//    translate([ -90, -20 , 13])
//  rotate(a=180, v=[1,0,0])
//  color("Chartreuse")
//  partB();
//
//}

///////////END RENDER///////////
//nov 2015: new hexagonal piece design for optimized printing
//dec 2015: created wheelchair sim, developed UI for Thingiverse's Customizer app (piece resizing still unavailable currently)
// Jan 2016: new strap system holes that straps screw on to
//feb24 update: back wheels can be angled backwards 15 degrees
//feb 28 update: angled screw holes
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a configurable angle bracket in OpenSCAD, similar to the "Universal Angle" design I found on Thingiverse. I've attached the original `.scad` file for reference, but I need something more flexible and a bit cleaner.

Here's what I'm aiming for:

**Overall Structure:**

*   The bracket should have two arms, let's call them Side A and Side B, joined at an adjustable angle. The angle should be a parameter I can change, and it should be between 90 and 180 degrees.

**Side A Parameters:**

*   I need to control the length, width, and height of Side A ( `SideA_Length`, `SideA_Width`, `SideA_Height` ).
*   There should be options to include up to 4 holes on Side A, and each should be independently enabled/disabled (`Hole1A_Show`, `Hole2A_Show`, `Hole5A_Show`, `Hole6A_Show`).
*   Each hole on Side A needs parameters for offset from the end of Side A, and a diameter (`Hole1A_Offset`, `Hole1A_Diameter`, etc.).

**Side B Parameters:**

*   Similar to Side A, I need to control the length, width, and height of Side B ( `SideB_Length`, `SideB_Width`, `SideB_Height` ).
*   There should be options for up to 4 holes on Side B, and these also need to be togglable on or off (`Hole3B_Show`, `Hole4B_Show`, `Hole7B_Show`, `Hole8B_Show`).
*   Each hole on Side B should have a configurable offset from the end of Side B and a diameter (`Hole3B_Offset`, `Hole3B_Diameter`, etc.).

**Other Parameters:**

*   A `Hole_Detail` parameter should control the `$fs` value for cylinders.
*   I would like some debug output like a printing bed outline which should be optional and have its size and position configurable via `Printer_X`, `Printer_Y`, and `Printer_Z`.
*   It might be nice to have a `Version` parameter, I suppose, but that's not too important.
*   I would really prefer the parameters to be grouped by side and hole number, not just a long list of all of the hole parameters.

**General Requirements:**

*   The model should be designed to be easily 3D printable.
*   It's important to be able to control the `$fa` and `$fs` variables in the final render.
*   I would like the design to make use of the BOSL2 library.
*   All units in the OpenSCAD code should be in millimeters.

I think that covers all the details. Let me know if you need any further clarification!

[Assistant]
thing1398497_universal-angle-by-roha.scad:
```
/*
 *  Universal Angle (Winkel) by RoHa
 *  http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1398497
 *
 *  Historiy:
 *  2016-03-07  ReleaseV1
 *
 */

Angle = 130; // [90:180]
SideA_Length = 8.5;
SideA_Width = 1.5;
SideA_Height = 2.5;
SideB_Length = 8.5;
SideB_Width = 1.5;
SideB_Height = 2.5;
Hole1A_Show = "yes"; // [yes,no]
Hole1A_Offset = 0.5;
Hole1A_Diameter = 0.7;
Hole2A_Show = "yes"; // [yes,no]
Hole2A_Offset = 4.5;
Hole2A_Diameter = 0.7;
Hole3B_Show = "yes"; // [yes,no]
Hole3B_Offset = 0.5;
Hole3B_Diameter = 0.7;
Hole4B_Show = "yes"; // [yes,no]
Hole4B_Offset = 4.5;
Hole4B_Diameter = 0.7;
Hole5A_Show = "yes"; // [yes,no]
Hole5A_Offset = 2.5;
Hole5A_Diameter = 0.5;
Hole6A_Show = "yes"; // [yes,no]
Hole6A_Offset = 5.5;
Hole6A_Diameter = 0.5;
Hole7B_Show = "yes"; // [yes,no]
Hole7B_Offset = 2.5;
Hole7B_Diameter = 0.5;
Hole8B_Show = "yes"; // [yes,no]
Hole8B_Offset = 5.5;
Hole8B_Diameter = 0.5;
Hole_Detail = 0.1;
Printer_X = 15;
Printer_Y = 15;
Printer_Z = 0;
Version = 1; // [1]
dx = Printer_X;
dy = Printer_Y;
dz = Printer_Z;
wg = Angle;
wal = SideA_Length;
wab = SideA_Width;
wah = SideA_Height;
wbl = SideB_Length;
wbb = SideB_Width;
wbh = SideB_Height;
wlg = Hole_Detail;
wl1a = Hole1A_Offset;
wl1r = Hole1A_Diameter/2;
wl2a = Hole2A_Offset;
wl2r = Hole2A_Diameter/2;
wl3a = Hole3B_Offset;
wl3r = Hole3B_Diameter/2;
wl4a = Hole4B_Offset;
wl4r = Hole4B_Diameter/2;
wl5a = Hole5A_Offset;
wl5r = Hole5A_Diameter/2;
wl6a = Hole6A_Offset;
wl6r = Hole6A_Diameter/2;
wl7a = Hole7B_Offset;
wl7r = Hole7B_Diameter/2;
wl8a = Hole8B_Offset;
wl8r = Hole8B_Diameter/2;
bugfix = 0.1;

// Skalierung von MM in CM
scale(10)
union() {
  // Druckbett visualisieren
  if (dz>0) {
    druckbett();
  }
  // fuer optimalen Druck ausrichten
  rotate([0,0,-wg/2+45])
  // >>> LoecherB-Innen ausschneiden
  rotate([0,0,wg])
  rotate([90,0,0])
  translate([0,wbb,-bugfix/2])
  difference() {
  translate([0,-wbb,bugfix/2])
  rotate([-90,0,0])
  rotate([0,0,-wg])
    // >>> LoecherA-Innen ausschneiden
    rotate([-90,0,0])
    difference() {
      rotate([90,0,0])
      union () {
        // >>> LoecherB-Aussen ausschneiden
        rotate([0,0,wg])
        difference() {
          rotate([0,0,-wg])
          difference() {
            // Basismodell fuer Winkel
            winkel_basis();
            // >>> LoecherA-Aussen ausschneiden
            if (Hole1A_Show == "yes") {
              color("blue")
              translate([wal-wl1a-wl1r,wah/2,0])
              cylinder(wab,wl1r,wl1r,$fs=wlg);
            }
            if (Hole2A_Show == "yes") {
              color("blue")
              translate([wal-wl2a-wl2r,wah/2,0])
              cylinder(wab,wl2r,wl2r,$fs=wlg);
            }
            // <<< LoecherA-Aussen
          }
          // LoecherB
          if (Hole3B_Show == "yes") {
            color("blue")
            translate([wbl-wl3a-wl3r,-wbh/2,0])
            cylinder(wbb,wl3r,wl3r,$fs=wlg);
          }
          if (Hole4B_Show == "yes") {
            color("blue")
            translate([wbl-wl4a-wl4r,-wbh/2,0])
            cylinder(wbb,wl4r,wl4r,$fs=wlg);
          }
        }
        // <<< LoecherB-Aussen
      }
      // LoecherA
      if (Hole5A_Show == "yes") {
        color("blue")
        translate([wal-wl5a-wl5r,-wab/2,0])
        cylinder(wah,wl5r,wl5r,$fs=wlg);
      }
      if (Hole6A_Show == "yes") {
        color("blue")
        translate([wal-wl6a-wl6r,-wab/2,0])
        cylinder(wah,wl6r,wl6r,$fs=wlg);
      }
    }
    // <<< LoecherA-Innen
    // LoecherB
    if (Hole7B_Show == "yes") {
      color("blue")
      translate([wbl-wl7a-wl7r,-wbb/2,0])
      cylinder(wbh+bugfix,wl7r,wl7r,$fs=wlg);
    }
    if (Hole8B_Show == "yes") {
      color("blue")
      translate([wbl-wl8a-wl8r,-wbb/2,0])
      cylinder(wbh+bugfix,wl8r,wl8r,$fs=wlg);
    }
  }
  // >>> LoecherB-Innen
}

// Winkel
module winkel_basis() {
  union() {
    cube([wal,wah,wab]);
    color("red")
    translate([0,0,wbb])
    rotate([180,0,0])
    rotate([0,0,-wg])
    cube([wbl,wbh,wbb]);
  }
}

// Druckbett
module druckbett() {
  color("gray")
  translate([-dx/2,-dy/2,-1])
  cube([dx,dy,1]);
}

```


[User]
Hi! I'm looking to create a customizable 3D-printed keyring using OpenSCAD. I've seen some designs that allow for text and a loop, but I need a few specific features that I haven't found yet, and I'd love your help in making this parametric.

Here's what I'd like:

First, I need to be able to specify the text for the keyring. This should be a string, and I'd like to choose the font from a specific list of fonts, like "Anton", "Chewy", "Forte", "Gloria Hallelujah", "Lobster", "Luckiest Guy", "Open Sans Extrabold", "Oswald", "Pacifico", "Press Start 2P", "Racing Sans One", "Sigmar One", and "Snap ITC".

Second, each letter in the text should have individual control over its height, horizontal spacing relative to the previous letter, and a vertical offset. Also, I need to be able to rotate each letter along the z-axis. These parameters will be useful to achieve an artistic effect.

Third, I want a "twist" option for the text, where the letters are extruded with a twist around the z-axis, controlled by a twist angle and a center of rotation. This means I need to extrude each letter with a twist parameter.

Fourth, there needs to be a loop attached to the keyring for attaching it to keys. This loop should be based on a character from a specified font (e.g. a 'o' or 'u' from "Chewy", with the font chosen from the same list of fonts as the letters of the text), with its own size, position, and rotation. It will be a simple extrusion.

Fifth, I need to be able to rotate the entire keyring around the Z axis for previewing purposes.

It should be straightforward to configure the parameters for a string of text. I expect that the letter text and their spacing and heights will be provided as lists, so the code can iterate through them to position and render them correctly.

I’m not too concerned with support structures, or rafts, or fillets for now. The important thing is having full control over the spacing, height, rotation, and position of each letter, and the overall rotation, along with the twist feature and the loop.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that implements these features? I am not requesting to have this built on top of a particular library or existing code.

[Assistant]
Custom_keyring_v2.scad:
```
/* [Text & Font] */

// for your keyring
Font_name = "Racing Sans One"; // [ Anton, Chewy, Forte, Gloria Hallelujah, Lobster, Luckiest Guy, Open Sans Extrabold, Oswald, Pacifico, Press Start 2P, Racing Sans One, Sigmar One, Snap ITC]

// for your keyring
Text = "Noémi";

// of the preview
Rotation = 50; // [0:5:360]

/* [Spacing and Height] */

letter_1_height = 6; // [-20:1:20]
letter_1_space = 12; // [-20:1:20]
letter_1_y = 0; // [-20:1:20]
letter_1_rotation = 0; // [-45:1:45]

letter_2_height = 5; // [-20:1:20]
letter_2_space = 12; // [-20:1:20]
letter_2_y = 0; // [-20:1:20]
letter_2_rotation = 0; // [-45:1:45]

letter_3_height = 4; // [-20:1:20]
letter_3_space = 13; // [-20:1:20]
letter_3_y = 0; // [-20:1:20]
letter_3_rotation = 0; // [-45:1:45]

letter_4_height = 6; // [-20:1:20]
letter_4_space = 13; // [-20:1:20]
letter_4_y = 4; // [-20:1:20]
letter_4_rotation = 0; // [-45:1:45]

letter_5_height = 4; // [-20:1:20]
letter_5_space = 10; // [-20:1:20]
letter_5_y = 0; // [-20:1:20]
letter_5_rotation = 0; // [-45:1:45]

letter_6_height = 5; // [-20:1:20]
letter_6_space = 10; // [-20:1:20]
letter_6_y = 0; // [-20:1:20]
letter_6_rotation = 0; // [-45:1:45]

/* [ Twist ] */

// angle in degrees
twist = -5; // [-10:0.5:10]

// of twist rotation
center = 20; // [0:1:70]

/* [ Loop Settings ] */

// adjument
Loop_x_position = 12; // [-150:1:50]

// adjument
Loop_y_position = 0; // [-20:1:20]

Loop_rotation = 90; // [0:5:360]

Loop_size = 20; // [10:1:30]

// to use (default : u)
Loop_character = "o";

// to use (default : Chewy)
Loop_font = "Chewy"; // [ Anton, Chewy, Forte, Gloria Hallelujah, Lobster, Luckiest Guy, Open Sans Extrabold, Oswald, Pacifico, Press Start 2P, Racing Sans One, Sigmar One, Snap ITC]

/* [Hidden */

// between letters adjust the overlap (e.g. 5 letters = 5 comma seperated numbers [5,5,4.8,4.2,4])
spacing = [0,letter_1_space,letter_2_space,letter_3_space,letter_4_space,letter_5_space,letter_6_space];

// of each letter (e.g. 5 letters = 5 comma seperated numbers [4,3,3.5,3,4])
height = [letter_1_height,letter_2_height,letter_3_height,letter_4_height,letter_5_height,letter_6_height];
yoffset = [letter_1_y,letter_2_y,letter_3_y,letter_4_y,letter_5_y,letter_6_y];
letter_rotation = [letter_1_rotation,letter_2_rotation,letter_3_rotation,letter_4_rotation,letter_5_rotation,letter_6_rotation];

rotate([0,0,Rotation]) {

    linear_extrude(height = 3, $fn = 100) {
        translate ([-center-Loop_x_position,Loop_y_position,0]) rotate([0,0,Loop_rotation])
        text(size = Loop_size, text = Loop_character, font = Loop_font, halign = "center", valign= "center", $fn = 100);
    }

    for (i = [0 : len(Text) -1]) {
       linear_extrude(height = height[i], twist = twist, $fn = 100) {
            translate ([(spacing[i]*i)-center,yoffset[i],0]) rotate([0,0,letter_rotation[i]])
            text(size = 25, text = Text[i], font = Font_name, halign = "center", valign= "center", $fn = 100);
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for an edge marking gauge. It should be customizable for different board thicknesses and have some handy markings.

Here's what I'm looking for:

**Core Functionality:**

*   The gauge needs to fit snugly onto a board edge. The user should be able to specify the board thickness as a parameter.
*   There should be an optional adjustment for print accuracy, to make the fit perfect.
*   The user should be able to control the wall thickness of the gauge.
*   The length of the gauge should also be a user-set parameter.
* The gauge should be usable to mark both the center line and edge line for boards.
* It should also mark a line perpendicular to the edge.

**Visual Elements and Markings:**

*   On the top face, there should be a clear marking of the full board thickness and a line indicating the full thickness (at the center of the width of the top face.)
*   There should be a small triangular marker on the top face, near each end of the gauge at the center of the width.
*   On the left side, there should be a clear marking of the full board thickness and a line indicating the full thickness.
*   On the right side, there should be a clear marking of half the board thickness and a line indicating the half thickness.
*   The text and indicator lines should be visually distinct from the main body of the gauge.

**Other Considerations:**

*   I'd like to specify the font for all text elements.
*   I'd like to be able to set the font size for both the full thickness label and the half thickness label
*   I'd like to be able to specify the text depth
*   I'd like to be able to specify the marker size
*   I'd like to be able to specify the margin between the text and the indicator line
*   I'd like to be able to specify the width of the indicator line
*   The design should use a minimum facet angle of 1 degree and a minimum facet size of 1 degree.
*   It should use a small delta value for boolean operations to avoid any face issues, perhaps 0.1.
*   I'd like to be able to control both the main and highlight colors.
*   The design should be constructed so that it can be printed without supports.

I'm not specifying exact colors but I'd like to be able to control them easily. Can you do that using OpenSCAD with no external libraries?

[Assistant]
Edge_marking_gauge.scad:
```
// Customizable edge marking gauge - 1.0
// by György Balássy 2016 (http://gyorgybalassy.wordpress.com)
// http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1399421

// The theoretical thickness of the board the gauge should fit in millimeters.
boardThickness = 18;

// You can use this value to add additional, "invisible" millimeters to the board thickness, if your printer does not print accurately, and the result gauge does not fit on your board.
accuracyCorrection = 0.5;

// The desired thickness of the walls of the gauge in millimeters.
wallThickness = 1.6;

// The desired length of the gauge in millimeters.
length = 40;

/* [Hidden] */

fontFamily = "Arial";
fontSize = 7;
fontSizeSmall = 5;
textDepth = 0.4;
markerSize = 2;
indicatorLineMargin = 0.5;
indicatorLineWidth = 0.5;

$fa = 1;   // Default minimum facet angle.
$fs = 1;   // Default minimum facet size.
delta = 0.1; // Ensures that no faces remains after boolean operations.

fullText = str(boardThickness);
halfText = str(boardThickness / 2);

mainColor = [0.117, 0.565, 1];  // DodgerBlue: RGB(30, 144, 255)
highlightColor = [1, 1, 1];     // White

// Top part.
difference() {
  // Top board.
  color(mainColor)
    cube([boardThickness + accuracyCorrection + 2 * wallThickness, length, wallThickness]);

  // Text on the top.
  color(highlightColor)
    translate ([wallThickness + (boardThickness + accuracyCorrection) / 2, length / 2, wallThickness - textDepth])
      linear_extrude(height = textDepth + delta)
        text(text = fullText, font = fontFamily, size = fontSize, halign = "center", valign = "bottom");

  // Indicator line below the text on the top.
  color(highlightColor)
    translate([wallThickness, length / 2 - indicatorLineMargin, wallThickness - textDepth])
      cube([boardThickness + accuracyCorrection, indicatorLineWidth, textDepth + delta]);

  // Near marker on the top.
  color(highlightColor)
    translate([wallThickness + (boardThickness + accuracyCorrection) / 2 - markerSize / 2, -delta, -delta / 2])
      linear_extrude(height = wallThickness + 2 * delta)
        polygon(points = [ [0, 0], [markerSize, 0], [markerSize / 2, markerSize] ]);

  // Far marker on the top.
  color(highlightColor)
    translate([wallThickness + (boardThickness + accuracyCorrection) / 2 - markerSize / 2, length - markerSize + delta, -delta / 2])
      linear_extrude(height = wallThickness + 2 * delta)
        polygon(points = [ [0, markerSize + delta], [markerSize / 2, 0], [markerSize, markerSize + delta] ]);
}

// Left part.
difference() {
  // Left side.
  color(mainColor)
    translate([0, 0, -boardThickness])
      cube([wallThickness, length, boardThickness]);

  // Text on the left side.
  color(highlightColor)
    translate([textDepth, length / 2, -boardThickness / 2])
      rotate([0, -90, 0])
        linear_extrude(height = textDepth + delta)
          text(text = fullText, font = fontFamily, size = fontSize, halign = "center", valign = "bottom");

  // Indicator line below the text on the left side.
  color(highlightColor)
    translate([textDepth, length / 2 - indicatorLineMargin, -boardThickness + indicatorLineMargin])
      rotate([0, -90, 0])
        cube([boardThickness - 2 * indicatorLineMargin, indicatorLineWidth, textDepth + delta]);
}

// Right part.
difference() {
  // Right side.
  color(mainColor)
    translate([boardThickness + wallThickness + accuracyCorrection, 0, -boardThickness / 2])
      cube([wallThickness, length, boardThickness / 2]);

  // Text on the right side.
  color(highlightColor)
    translate([boardThickness + accuracyCorrection + 2 * wallThickness - textDepth, length / 2, -boardThickness / 4])
      rotate([0, 90, 0])
        linear_extrude(height = textDepth + delta)
          text(text = halfText, font = fontFamily, size = fontSizeSmall, halign = "center", valign = "bottom");

  // Indicator line below the text on the right side.
  color(highlightColor)
    translate([boardThickness + accuracyCorrection + 2 * wallThickness - textDepth, length / 2 - indicatorLineMargin, -indicatorLineMargin])
      rotate([0, 90, 0])
        cube([boardThickness / 2 - 2 * indicatorLineMargin, indicatorLineWidth, textDepth + delta]);
}

```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a pen holder. I want it to hold a number of pens around a central hub, angling outwards and upwards. Here are the key parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **`holder_radius`**: The radius of the circle on which the pens are arranged.
*   **`holder_thickness`**: The thickness of the material around each pen hole.
*   **`holder_height`**: The overall height of the base of the pen holder.
*   **`tube_bottom_thickness`**: The thickness of the bottom of each pen hole, making sure the pen doesn't fall through.
*   **`pen_count`**: The number of pens the holder can accommodate.
*   **`pen_radius`**: The radius of the pen that the holder should fit (this will determine the hole size).
*   **`pen_length`**: The length of the pen (this will be used in the preview only.)
*   **`rotx`**: The angle, in degrees, that the pen tubes tilt outwards from the vertical.
*   **`rotz`**: The rotation of each pen tube around the vertical axis *relative to the radius of the holder*, which makes a corkscrew like arrangement.

I'm looking for a design where the pens are held in individual angled tubes around a central circular base, and I'd like a preview using a pencil shape to visualize the pens in their places. The pen holder should have a flat base and angled tubes coming up from it, with a material thickness around each pen hole, and a bottom to each tube. I think I'd like a 'difference' based construction, removing the volume of each hole from a solid shape.

Please include all the code necessary to generate the design, and use the default OpenSCAD library (no other libraries required).

[Assistant]
penhold4_2017update.scad:
```
holder_radius = 46;
holder_thickness = 3;
holder_height = 30;
tube_bottom_thickness = 1;
pen_count = 16;
pen_radius = 4.5;
pen_length = 150;
rotx = 30;
rotz = -60;

{ // pen model for editor preview
    for (a=[1:360/pen_count:360]) {
        rotate([0,0,a])
        translate([holder_radius,0,0])
        rotate([rotx,0,rotz])
        %cylinder(h=pen_length, r = pen_radius);
    }
}

//intermediate variables
r = pen_radius+holder_thickness;
bot_shift = tan(rotx)*r;
cutoff_h = 2*sin(rotx)*r;
cylinder_length = cutoff_h*2 + holder_height;
cylinder_length = 2*tan(rotx)*r + 1/cos(rotx)*holder_height;
cutoff_r = cylinder_length + holder_radius + r; //upper bound of each var

difference() {
  { //material part of the tubes
    for (a=[1:360/pen_count:360]) {
      rotate([0,0,a])
      translate([holder_radius,0,0])
      rotate([rotx,0,rotz])
      translate([0,0,-bot_shift])
      cylinder(h=cylinder_length, r = pen_radius + holder_thickness);
    }
  }
  difference() {
    {//hole part of the tubes
      for (a=[1:360/pen_count:360]) {
        rotate([0,0,a])
        translate([holder_radius,0,0])
        rotate([rotx, 0, rotz])
        translate([0,0,-bot_shift])
        cylinder(h=cylinder_length, r = pen_radius);
      }
    }
    //stop drilling that hole before hitting the bottom
    cylinder(h=tube_bottom_thickness, r=cutoff_r);
  }
  //cut out the bottom
  translate([0,0,-cutoff_h])
  cylinder(h=cutoff_h, r = cutoff_r);
  //cut out the top
  translate([0,0,holder_height])
  cylinder(h=cutoff_h, r = cutoff_r);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for a parametric cable clip design, and I'd like to get it made using OpenSCAD. I've got a basic idea of what I need, but could really use some help getting it coded up.

Essentially, I want a clip that holds a cable in a sort of oval shaped opening. It should be like a flattened ring with a gap on one side for the cable to fit into. I need to be able to adjust the size of this thing, so here are the parameters I think I'll need:

*   **`sizex`**: The overall width of the clip (not including the height),
*   **`sizey`**: The overall depth of the clip (also not including height),
*   **`sizez`**: The overall height of the clip (thickness),
*  **`wall`**: The thickness of the clip walls,
*   **`cablesize`**: The diameter of the cable it needs to hold,
*   **`entranceScale`**: A scaling factor (0 to 1) to determine how tight the cable entrance is compared to the cable thickness; a smaller value would result in a tighter fit.
*   **`entranceImprovement`**: A boolean flag (0 for off, 1 for on) to add a small chamfer to make sliding the cable in easier.

I envision the main body being an extruded ellipse. The cable channel would be created by cutting out an internal ellipse and then also cutting out part of the side, creating a sort of C-shaped opening. If `entranceImprovement` is on, then you would also cut away a small portion of each edge of the gap using what would essentially be a quarter-circle to guide the cable in.

I think that should be about it for the basic design. Can you help me out with this? I'd like to be able to adjust the parameters at the top of the file. Thanks!

[Assistant]
cableclip.scad:
```
/*

*/

//-------------configure
//degree of detail
$fn=50;

//scale in x (not height)
sizex = 50;

//scale in y (not height)
sizey = 30;

//scale in z (height)
sizez = 7;

//wall thickness
wall = 6;

//thickness of the actual cable
cablesize = 4;

//getting a cable in is supposed to be a tight fit
//ajust here how tight (compared to cable thickness)
entranceScale = 0.8;

//0 to turn off entrance improvements
//1 to turn on entrance improvements
entranceImprovement=1;

//-------------configure end
eimp = true;

entrance = cablesize*entranceScale;

//this code creates the opening for the back side
//of the clip
module channel(){
	difference(){
		scale([sizex - wall * 2,sizey - wall * 2])
			circle(r=0.5);
		scale([sizex - wall * 2-cablesize *2,sizey - wall * 2-cablesize *2])
			circle(r=0.5);
		translate([0,-sizey/2])
			square([sizex/2,sizey]);
		translate([-(sizex/2 - cablesize -wall),-sizey/2])
		square([sizex/2 - cablesize -wall,sizey/2]);

	}
}

//this is what gets cit out of the elipse to create
//a clip.
module stencil() {
	difference()
	{
		scale([sizex - wall * 2,sizey - wall * 2])
			circle(r=0.5);

		difference(){
			translate([-(sizex/2-wall),-sizey/2])
				square([cablesize+wall,sizey]);

			channel();
		}

	}

//i was experimenting with a circular ending of the
//channel.  Turned out do be a structual weakness feel
//free to experiment ;-)

/*
	translate([-(sizex/2 - wall-cablesize ),-cablesize/2])
	scale([cablesize,cablesize ])
	#circle(r=0.5);
*/
}

module improvedEntrance()
{
translate([sizex/2 -wall/2,-wall/2 -entrance/2])
difference(){
translate([0,0])
	square([wall/2, wall/2 + entrance/4]);
scale([wall,wall])
			circle(r=0.5);
}

translate([sizex/2 -wall/2,wall/2 +entrance/2])
difference(){
translate([0,-(wall/2 + entrance/4)])
	square([wall/2,wall/2 + entrance/4]);
scale([wall,wall])
			circle(r=0.5);
}

}

//cutting out the stencil from the elipse makes the clip
module main(){
	difference()
	{
		scale([sizex,sizey])
			circle(r=0.5);
		stencil();
translate([sizex/2 -wall * 1.5,-entrance/2])
			square([wall * 2,entrance]);

	}
}

module CableClip(){
difference()
{
	main();
	if(entranceImprovement != 0)
	{
		improvedEntrance();
	}
}

	if(entranceImprovement != 0)
	{
		translate([sizex/2 -wall/2,-wall/2 -entrance/2])
		scale([wall,wall])
				circle(r=0.5);

		translate([sizex/2 -wall/2,wall/2 +entrance/2])
		scale([wall,wall])
				circle(r=0.5);
	}
}

//making the 2d drawing 3d
//commend out for 2d dawing
linear_extrude(height=sizez)
	CableClip();
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to generate a customizable egg model using OpenSCAD, something that I can then 3D print. I saw this project called "Egg-O-Matic" online and it does something like what I'm looking for. Essentially, I'd like to be able to slice an egg model both along its long axis and also rotationally, to create pieces that I can then print in different colors for a multi-colored effect.

Specifically, here's what I need to be able to customize:

*   **Egg Size and Shape:**
    *   The overall length of the egg in millimeters. Let's start with a range from 30mm to 200mm.
    *   An egg shape parameter that goes from a sphere to a more elongated, blimp-like shape. Something similar to the given example that uses a value of 0 for sphere, 7 for a hen's egg, and 100 for a blimp.
*   **Axial Slices:**
    *   The number of slices along the long axis of the egg, so I can divide it into sections along its length.  This should range from 1 to 10.
    *   The type of cutter for these axial slices. I need options for "flat" (which would just be a flat plane), "linear" (which would be a wavy line cutting through the egg), and "radial" (which would be like a wavy circle cutting through).
    *   If the cutter type is "linear" or "radial", I'd like to control the shape of the "wave" used, with options for "sin", "abssin" (absolute sine), "tri" (triangle wave), "saw" (sawtooth wave), and "square".
    *   Also for those wave-based cutters, I need a way to specify the number of cycles for the wave and the amplitude (how deep the wave goes).
*   **Rotational Slices:**
    *   The number of rotational slices (like cutting a pie). Let's start with 2, but allow up to 12.

The output should be separate pieces, spaced out a bit for printing. I would prefer that each piece is placed next to one another. It sounds like there is also some clever scaling happening to get a good spacing which I would like to be included in the code.

I am assuming that you can generate all of the required code. I am not using any special libraries. Also I'm fine with the internal calculations and coordinate system.

[Assistant]
EggOMatic.scad:
```
//Easter Egg Maker 2016 from Richard Swika'
//Rev: 1.3.28.0 - centered abssin function for more even pieces
//Rev: 1.3.27.0 - first version
//2014-2016 Richard Swika -  Creative Commons - Attribution - Non-Commercial license.

/* [EggOMatic] */
//use 1 for draft; turn up to 5 for best quality but slower regenerate
Quality=1; //[1:5]

//number of pieces cut across long axis of egg
AxleSliceCount=2; //[1:10]

//type of wave used for cutter (does not apply for flat cutter)
Shape="sin"; //[sin,abssin,tri,saw,square]

//type of cutter used on long axis of egg
Cutter="radial"; //[flat,linear,radial]

//Number of cycles for cutter wave
Cycles=3; //[1:16]

//Relative amplitude of cutter wave (normally keep this at 1 or 2, depending on slice count)
Amp=2; //[0:9]

//number of rotary slices (normally keep this at 2; use caution with values greater than 2)
RotarySliceCount=2; //[2:12]

Samples=Quality*10*Cycles;

/* [Size and Shape] */

//Length of the egg (mm)?.
egg_length=60; //[30:200]

//What shape egg? (use 7 for a hen egg; 0 for a sphere; 100 for a blimp)
egg_shape=7; //[0:100]

/* [Hidden] */
// preview[view:top, tilt:top]
tiny=0.001;
space=2; //2 mm between parts on build plate

//set true to turn off the demo egg so you can use the modules instead
moduleMode=false; //[false,true];

//when false the egg will have quads where possible instead of all trigons
//this can lead to problems with non-plannar surfaces when using csg
//so only use it true if when not using a base
allTrigon=true; //[false,true]
ucount=30*Quality;
vcount=15*Quality;

function ud(ui) = ui*360/ucount;
function vd(vi) = vi*180/vcount;

//egg equation adapted from http://www16.ocn.ne.jp/~akiko-y/Egg
//(y^2 + z^2)^2=4z^3 + (4-4c)zy^2
// c=0.7 produces an almost perfect hen egg outline+
// c=0 produces a perfect sphere
// c>1 produces an elongated egg shape
//z ranges from 0 to 1
function egg_outline(c,z)= z >=1 ? 0 : (sqrt(4-4*c-8*z+sqrt(64*c*z+pow(4-4*c,2)))*sqrt(4*z)/sqrt(2))/4;

//map the egg's surface from uv to xyz with these functions
//function x(ui,r) = r * sin(ui*360/(ucount-1));
function x(ui,r) = r * sin(ud(ui));
function y(ui,r) = r * cos(ud(ui));
function z(vi,r) = r * cos(vd(vi));
function n(vi,r) = r * sin(vd(vi));
function zi(vi) = (1+cos(vd(vi)))/2;
center = 0.5; //set to 1 to center at small end; 0 to center on fat end

//to avoid degenerate geometry at the poles we can not use quads
//so we will generate phantom points as if we were using quads, but use tris instead
//just to simplify indexing, but will only link faces to a single point at each pole
//but we will use the phantom points to calculate average displacement at each pole
//lets make an egg
points = [ for (vi=[0:vcount])
    for (ui = [0 : ucount-1])
        let (r=egg_outline(egg_shape/10,1-zi(vi)))
                    [x(ui,r), y(ui,r),(zi(vi))-center]];
//echo(points=points);
faces =  (allTrigon)
 ? [ for (vi=[0:vcount-1]) for (ui = [0:ucount-1])  for (p=[0:1])
    (vi==0)&&(p==0) ? [vi*ucount,ui+(vi+1)*ucount,(ui+1) % ucount+(vi+1)*ucount]
    : (vi==vcount-1)&&(p==0) ? [(ui+1) % ucount+vi*ucount,ui+vi*ucount,(vi+1)*ucount]
    : (p==0) ? [(ui+1) % ucount+vi*ucount,ui+vi*ucount,ui+(vi+1)*ucount]
    :[(ui+1) % ucount+vi*ucount,ui+(vi+1)*ucount,(ui+1)%ucount+(vi+1)*ucount]]
: [ for (vi=[0:vcount-1]) for (ui = [0:ucount-1])
    (vi==0) ? [vi*ucount,ui+(vi+1)*ucount,(ui+1) % ucount+(vi+1)*ucount]
    : (vi==vcount-1) ? [(ui+1) % ucount+vi*ucount,ui+vi*ucount,(vi+1)*ucount]
    : [(ui+1) % ucount+vi*ucount,ui+vi*ucount,ui+(vi+1)*ucount,(ui+1)%ucount+(vi+1)*ucount]] ;
//echo(faces=faces);

//an adjustable Egg
module Egg(egg_length=egg_length,egg_shape=egg_shape){
     scale (egg_length) rotate([0,0,-90]) polyhedron(points=points,faces=faces);
}

//2016 "Egg-O-Matic" Code follows
function frac(x)=x-floor(x);
//All "fancy" cuts are done with these wave functions
function wave(kind,x) = kind=="sin" ? sin(x*180) :
                                      kind=="abssin" ? 2*abs(sin(x*180))-1:
                                      kind=="square" ? (frac(x)<0.5?1:-1):
                                      kind=="saw" ? (2*frac(x)-1):
                                      kind=="tri" ? (frac(x)<0.5?-1+frac(x)*4 : 3-frac(x)*4) : x-floor(x);

//Declare a blade to make fancy linear cuts
module linearCutter(Shape="tri",Cycles=1,Amp=1,Samples=100){
    bottom=[for (x=[-1.05:1/Samples:1.05]) [x,1+(Amp+Amp*wave(Shape,x*Cycles))/10]];
    top = [[1.05,-1],[-1.05,-1]];
    color("red")
    rotate([-90,0,0])
    translate([0,0,-1])
        linear_extrude(height = 2)
            polygon(points=concat(bottom,top));
}
//Declare a blade to make fancy radial cuts
module radialCutter(Shape="abssin",Cycles=3,Amp=1,Samples=160){
    lowerpoints = concat([[0,0,-1-Amp/10]],
                        [ for (i=[0:1/Samples:1-1/Samples+tiny])[sin(i*360),
                            cos(i*360),-1-(Amp+Amp*wave(Shape,i*2*Cycles))/10]]);
    upperpoints = concat([[0,0,1]],
                        [ for (i=[0:1/Samples:1-1/Samples+tiny])[sin(i*360),cos(i*360),1]]);
   cutterpoints = concat(lowerpoints,upperpoints);
   //echo (cutterpoints);
   lowerfaces = [ for (i=[1:Samples])  [0,i==Samples ? 1 : i+1,i]]; //normals reversed
   upperfaces = [ for (i=[Samples+2:2*Samples+1])  [Samples+1,i,i==Samples*2+1 ? Samples+2 : i+1]];
   endfacesquad= [for (i=[1:Samples-1])  [i,i+1,i+Samples+2,i+Samples+1]];
   cutterfaces = concat(lowerfaces,upperfaces,endfacesquad,[[Samples,1,Samples+2,Samples*2+1]]);
   //echo("faces:",upperfaces);
    color("red")
    polyhedron(cutterpoints,cutterfaces);
}

//allow the various cutters to be selected
module multiCutter(Cutter="flat",Shape="sin",Cycles=3,Amp=1,Samples=160){
    if (Cutter=="radial")
       radialCutter(Shape,Cycles,Amp,Samples);
    else if (Cutter=="linear")
       linearCutter(Shape,Cycles,Amp,Samples);
    else //Flat cutter uses a cube
       cube(2,center=true);
}

module subSlice(z,deltaZ,n) //part, cutter
{
    //slice off a section
    translate([0,0,z/10])
    difference(){
        children(0); //Part
        children(1); //Cutter
    }
    //continue slicing up the remainder
    if (n>1) {
        subSlice(z+deltaZ,deltaZ,n-1) {
            intersection(){//Part advanced one step (section above removed)
                children(0); //Part
                children(1); //Cutter
            }
        translate([0,0,deltaZ]) children(1); //Advanced cutter one step
        }
    }
}

//declare an operator to recursively slice a part into N sections
//it operates on two children, the part to be sliced and the cutter
//the part and cutter must be at the origin
//the cutter must be positioned surrounding the part with the cutting edge on
//the negative Z axis not touching the part
//Scale is 1 for a bounding box of radius 1
module sliceOmatic(N=1,Scale=1,Amp=1) //part cutter
{
   deltaZ= (Cutter=="flat") ? Scale*2/N : Scale*(2+Amp/5)/N;
   subSlice(0,deltaZ,N) {
       children(0); //Part(s)
       translate([0,0,deltaZ]) children(1); //Advance cutter one step
   }
}

//rotary-slice a section from the part from A0 to A1 and align it for printing
module rotarySlice(A0=90,A1=120,Scale=1) //part
{
    rotate([0,0,-A0])
    intersection(){
        children();
        difference() {
            rotate([0,0,A0]) translate([0,Scale,0]) cube(2*Scale,center=true);
            rotate([0,0,A1]) translate([0,Scale,0]) cube(2*Scale,center=true);
        }
    }
}
//slice the part into N sections by rotating a straight cutter about the Z axis
module rotarySlicer(N=2,Scale=1) //part
{
    //figure out where to place the first section and the spacing between them
    spacefactor = N==2 ? 2 : 1.5; //pack sections without overlapping
    spacedelta=spacefactor*(space+Scale*egg_outline(egg_shape/10,0.5));
    spaceoffset = -spacedelta*((N/2)-1/2);
    if (N<2) children();
        else {
            delta=360/N;
            for (n=[0:N-1]) {
                translate([spaceoffset+spacedelta*n ,0,0]) rotarySlice(n*delta,(n+1)*delta,Scale) children();
            }
        }
}

//this generates the main object
if (!moduleMode) {
     rotate([90,0,0]) //flat on build plate
      rotarySlicer(RotarySliceCount,Scale=egg_length)
         sliceOmatic(AxleSliceCount,egg_length/2,Amp)
    {
                   Egg();
//                   translate([egg_length/2,0,0])
                        scale(egg_length/2) multiCutter(Cutter,Shape,Cycles,Amp,Samples);
    }
 }

```


[User]
Hey, I need some help designing a nozzle that I can 3D print for dispensing grout, or maybe even cake frosting. I want to be able to control the shape of the nozzle and how thick the walls are.

I've got some ideas about how to do this and some specific parameters in mind. Essentially, it's going to be a tapered cylinder, wider at the base and thinner at the top. The top part will actually be an ellipse, and I want to be able to independently control the X and Y scaling for it. Here's what I'm thinking for the different dimensions:

*   **Lower Inner Diameter:** This is the inner diameter of the wider base of the nozzle. I'd like to be able to set this to any value I need. Let's call this `lower_dia_in`.
*   **Upper Inner Diameter:** This is the inner diameter before the elliptical scaling. I'd like to have full control of this and should be able to set it using `upper_dia_in`.
*   **Length:**  The overall length of the nozzle from the bottom to the top. This should be controllable using `length`.
*   **Nozzle X Scale:** This will scale the top inner diameter in the X axis, creating the ellipse. I should be able to control this by `nozzle_x_scale`.
*   **Nozzle Y Scale:** This will scale the top inner diameter in the Y axis, creating the ellipse. I should be able to control this using `nozzle_y_scale`.
*   **Wall Thickness at Base:** This will be the thickness of the wall at the bottom of the nozzle, controlled by `wall_thickness_lower`.
*   **Wall Thickness at Nozzle:** This will be the thickness of the wall at the top of the nozzle, controlled by `wall_thickness_upper`.
*   **Resolution:** Finally, we'll need some resolution settings using `resolution` for the smoothness of the cylinder generation.

So, basically, I want a main module called `outer_wall` that creates the outer tapered wall of the nozzle, and another module called `inner_wall` that will remove the material to form the hollow nozzle. Both of these modules should be generated using the `hull()` function in OpenSCAD. Inside the `outer_wall` module, I want two modules to generate the cylinders, one for the top (`upper_nozzle`) and one for the bottom (`lower_nozzle`). The `inner_wall` will then have a similar structure, with the same `upper_nozzle` and `lower_nozzle` modules but with a thickness value of zero. The `upper_nozzle` module should include a scale operation to create the ellipse at the top. Finally, the whole thing should be rendered as the difference between the `outer_wall` and `inner_wall`.

I’m okay if it makes sense to split this into multiple files and include multiple modules in each, as long as everything remains parametric. Could you please provide the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
Grout_Dispenser_V1.scad:
```
/*
    Nozzle Creation Script
        - built for generating nozzles
        - my specific use is for laying grout
*/

//Wider nozzle end, inner diameter
lower_dia_in = 25; //[20:0.5:100]

//Thinner nozzle end, innet diameter
upper_dia_in = 7; //[4:0.1:50]

//length from bottom to top
length = 40; //[8:0.1:150]

//Nozzle X Scale
nozzle_x_scale = 2.0; //[0.25:0.1:2.0]

//Nozzle Y Scale
nozzle_y_scale = 0.5; //[0.25:0.1:2.0]

//Wall thickness at base
wall_thickness_upper = 2; //[1:0.1:15]

//Wall thickness at nozzle
wall_thickness_lower = 3.5; //[1:0.1:20]

//Smoothness - Resolution of the circles
resolution = 120; //[32:1:240]

//RENDER
difference(){
    outer_wall();
    inner_wall();
}

//MODULES
module outer_wall(){
    hull(){
translate([0,0,length/2]){
upper_nozzle(wall_thickness_upper);
}

translate([0,0,-length/2]){
lower_nozzle(wall_thickness_lower);
}
}
}

module inner_wall(){
    hull(){
translate([0,0,length/2]){
upper_nozzle(0);
}

translate([0,0,-length/2]){
lower_nozzle(0);
}
}
}

module lower_nozzle(thickness){
    cylinder(h = 1, d = lower_dia_in + thickness, center = true, $fn = resolution);
}

module upper_nozzle(thickness){
    scale([nozzle_x_scale, nozzle_y_scale,1]){
            cylinder(h = 1, d = upper_dia_in + thickness, center = true, $fn = resolution);
    }
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a custom snowboard stomp pad using OpenSCAD. I've got some specific ideas for how I want it to work, and I'd like it to be fully parametric so I can tweak things later.

Essentially, the stomp pad should be a rounded rectangle, with a base and then a series of raised ridges for extra grip. I'm thinking there should be some cuts running along the length of the pad as well, both through the base and also through the ridges. The cuts through the base should be shallower than the cuts through the ridges.

Here are some of the parameters I want to be able to control:

*   **Overall Size:**
    *   `_width`:  The width of the stomp pad.
    *   `_length`: The length of the stomp pad.
    *   `_radius`: The radius of the rounded corners.
    *   `_base_thickness`: The thickness of the base part of the pad, not including the ridges.

*   **Ridges:**
    *   `_ridge_spacing`: The spacing between the ridges.
    *   `_ridge_size`: The width of each ridge.
    *   `_ridge_height`: The height of each ridge above the base.
    *   `_ridge_angle`: The angle at which the side of each ridge tapers down.

*   **Cuts:**
    *   `_cut_spacing`: The spacing between the cuts that run along the length of the pad.
    *   `_cut_width`: The width of each cut.
    *   `_cut_depth`: The depth of the cuts in the ridges, I'd like to have the cuts in the base a different value (maybe half this value) .

I would also need to use a small `EPS` (epsilon) value to avoid zero-sized or negative objects that OpenSCAD might complain about. Maybe 0.1? And I'd like a MAX_BASE_CUT value for the max depth of the cuts in the base, and to be able to tweak that.  Maybe set that to 0.25 to start.

I think that covers it.  I don't need any special libraries. Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
stomp_pad_v1-0.scad:
```

/* [Size] */

// width of stomp pad, should be less than the width of your board
_width = 200;

// length of the stomp pad, usually about the width of your boot
_length = 108;

// radius of the rounded corners
_radius = 30;

// thickness of the stomp pad, not including the ridges
_base_thickness = 1.2;

/* [Ridges] */

// spacing of the ribs
_ridge_spacing = 22;

// width of the ridges
_ridge_size = 8;

// height of the ridges
_ridge_height = 3;

// angle of the ridges
_ridge_angle = 70;

/* [Cuts] */

// spacing of the cuts along the length of the pad
_cut_spacing = 22;

// width of the cuts
_cut_width = 1;

// depth of the cuts
_cut_depth = 0.25;

/* [Hidden] */
EPS = 0.1;
MAX_BASE_CUT = 0.25;

module rrect(h, w, l, r) {
    r = min(r, min(w/2, l/2));
    w = max(w, EPS);
    l = max(l, EPS);
    h = max(h, EPS);
    if (r <= 0) {
        translate([-w/2, -l/2,0]) {
            cube([w,l,h]);
        }
    } else {
        hull() {
            for (y = [-l/2+r, l/2-r]) {
                for (x = [-w/2+r, w/2-r]) {
                    translate([x,y,0]) {
                        cylinder(h=h, r=r, center=false);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module cutout(w, l, spacing, h, cutw, cutd) {
    for (i = [0:spacing:l]) {
        translate([0,i - spacing * floor(0.5 * l/spacing), h]) {
            cube(size=[w, cutw, cutd*2], center=true);
        }
    }
}

module createPart(width, length, radius, base_thickness, ridge_size, ridge_height, ridge_spacing, ridge_angle, cut_spacing, cut_width, cut_depth) {

    intersection () {
        difference() {
            union() {
                difference() {
                    cube(size=[width, length, base_thickness*2], center=true);
                    cutout(width, length, cut_spacing/2, base_thickness, cut_width, MAX_BASE_CUT);
                }
                for (i = [0:ridge_spacing:width]) {
                    hull() {
                        translate([i - ridge_spacing * floor(0.5 * width/ridge_spacing),0,0]) {
                            cube(size=[ridge_size, length, base_thickness*2], center = true);
                            cube(size=[max(EPS,ridge_size - 2*ridge_height/tan(ridge_angle)), length, (base_thickness + ridge_height)*2], center = true);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            cutout(width, length, cut_spacing, ridge_height + base_thickness, cut_width, min(cut_depth, ridge_height + MAX_BASE_CUT));
        }
        rrect((base_thickness + ridge_height)*2, width, length, radius, $fn=90);
    }

}

createPart(_width, _length, _radius, _base_thickness, _ridge_size, _ridge_height, _ridge_spacing, _ridge_angle, _cut_spacing, _cut_width, _cut_depth);

```


[User]
Hey! I'm looking to get an OpenSCAD design made for some tabletop gaming terrain. Specifically, I need a parametric wall generator. I've been trying to make one myself but I'm not having a lot of luck.

Essentially, the wall should be defined by a series of 2D points, like a path. The wall should have a uniform thickness, and the program needs to be able to take in a list of coordinate pairs. I want it to be able to handle multiple separate wall segments by using a `null` or blank entry in the coordinate pairs. So if I put `[[1,0],[0,0],[0,1],[],[1,1],[2,2]]`, I would get a wall from (1,0) to (0,0) to (0,1), and then a second wall from (1,1) to (2,2). I'd like to be able to set the wall's height, the wall's thickness, and the units for the input coordinate points. I also need to define the output unit.

So, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD file or files that uses the following parameters:

*   `width_Of_wall`: Defines the thickness of the wall.
*   `height_Of_wall`: Defines the height of the wall.
*   `cords_Of_wall`: A vector of vectors representing the 2D coordinates of the wall's path. These coordinates are expected in a unit system specified by `units_entered`. Blank/null entries in this vector should represent the end of a wall segment and the start of a new wall segment.
*   `units_entered`: A numerical value specifying the unit system used for the `cords_Of_wall` input. For example, 25.4 would mean inches.
*  `desired_units_for_output`: A numerical value specifying the unit system for the output object. For example, 1 would mean mm.

I want to be able to define all of the above and the output will be the 3d model of the wall. Also, it would be great if the output was a 3d model and not just a 2d path. I'd like to not have to use any external libraries. Thanks!

[Assistant]
WallGenerationTest.scad:
```
//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

//	This should be a small number relative to your height of wall
width_Of_wall = .05;

//How tall do you want this
height_Of_wall = 1;

//	Vector path of wall, (wall thickness is only right angles for now), to generate a seperate path make a null/blank entry in your vector of order pairs, please note these are in whatever unit you selected earlier.
cords_Of_wall = [[1,0],[0,0],[0,1],[-1,1],[-1,3],[0,3],[0,4],[3,4],[4,3],[4,1],[3,1],[3,0],[2,0],[,],[1,1],[1,2],[2,2],[2,1],[1,1]];

//Basically are you using american units or real units
units_entered = 25.4;//[1:mm, 10:cm, 1000:meter, 25.4:inch, 304.8:foot]

//default is mm for most printers
desired_units_for_output = 1;//[1:mm, .1:cm, 0.001:meter, 0.0393701:inch, 0.00328084:foot]

//	This option will not appear because of the *1
//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES END

width_of_wall = width_Of_wall;
unit_conversion_factor = units_entered*desired_units_for_output;
height_of_wall = height_Of_wall*unit_conversion_factor;

module make_wall_segments(cords = cords_Of_wall, number_your_on,units = 25.4) {
	/*number_your_on works such that when it equals 1, that is the begining.
		(yes I am one of those people who belives arrays
		should have started with 1 instead of 0)
	*/
	point1 = cords[number_your_on-1]*unit_conversion_factor;
	point2 = cords[number_your_on]*unit_conversion_factor;
	point3 = [point2[0]+width_Of_wall*unit_conversion_factor,point2[1]+width_Of_wall*unit_conversion_factor];
	point4 = [point1[0]+width_Of_wall*unit_conversion_factor,point1[1]+width_Of_wall*unit_conversion_factor];

	linear_extrude(height = height_of_wall){
			polygon([point1,point2,point3,point4]);
		}
		if(number_your_on < len(cords)){
			make_wall_segments(cords = cords_Of_wall,number_your_on = number_your_on+1, units = unit_conversion_factor);
		}
}

make_wall_segments(cords = cords_Of_wall,number_your_on = 1, units = unit_conversion_factor);
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a customizable spiral text generator in OpenSCAD, kind of like the one I found on Thingiverse. The basic idea is that I want to take a string of text and have it spiral outwards or inwards from a center point, with each character placed along the spiral path. I also want to have a base for the spiral to sit on with a central symbol of my choosing.

Here's the breakdown of the parameters I want to control:

*   **`text`**: The string of characters to be spiraled.
*   **`height`**: The overall height of the generated object (including the base).
*   **`diameter`**: The overall diameter of the base and the spiral.
*   **`symbol`**: A symbol to be placed in the center of the base.
*   **`spin`**:  A string, either "OUT" or "IN", to control whether the text spirals outwards from the center or inwards towards the center, respectively.

I'd like the characters to be generated using a font of my choosing, and I'd like a bold font to be used as the default. I also need the text to be centered both vertically and horizontally.

The spiral itself should have these properties, which should also be configurable:

*   The spiral starts at the `inner_diameter`
*   The characters should have an appropriate size such that they remain readable as the spiral is created.
*  The `step` value should be used as an increment of distance used to separate characters.
*   The spiral turning amount at each step should be controlled by the `angle`.

Can you generate OpenSCAD code that would accomplish this? It would be great if the code was well-commented. I don't need any external libraries, just the standard OpenSCAD language constructs.

[Assistant]
spiral_characters.scad:
```

text = "3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342117067982148086513282306647093844609550582231725359408128481117450284102701938521105559644622948954930381964428810975665933446128475648233";
height = 4;
diameter = 90;
symbol = "π";
spin = "OUT"; // [OUT,IN]

// Creates a vector containing the current point [x, y] and the angle of the turtle.
// Parameters:
//     x - the x coordinate of the turtle.
//     y - the y coordinate of the turtle.
//     angle - the angle of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
function turtle(x, y, angle) = [[x, y], angle];

// Moves the turtle forward the specified distanc
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector after forwarding
function forward(turtle, length) =
    turtle(
        turtle[0][0] + length * cos(turtle[1]),
        turtle[0][1] + length * sin(turtle[1]),
        turtle[1]
    );

// Returns a new turtle vector with the given point.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     point - the new point of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function set_point(turtle, point) = [point, turtle[1]];

// Returns a new turtle vector with the given angle.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     angle - the angle of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function set_angle(turtle, angle) = [turtle[0], angle];

// Turns the turtle the specified number of degrees.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     angle - number of degrees.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function turn(turtle, angle) = [turtle[0], turtle[1] + angle];

// Revrese a string, returns a vector which uses all characters as elements.
// Parameters:
//     string - a string to be reversed.
// Returns:
//     A vector containing reversed characters.
function reverse(string) = [for(i = [len(string) - 1:-1:0]) string[i]];

// Get the tail of a vector.
// Parameters:
//     index - the first index when tailing
//     vector - the original vector.
// Returns:
//     The tail of a vector.
function tailFrom(index, vector) = [for(i = [len(vector) - index:len(vector) - 1]) vector[i]];

// Moves the turtle spirally. The turtle forwards the 'length' distance, turns 'angle' degrees, minus the length with 'step' and then continue next spiral until the 'end_length' is reached.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     length - the beginning length.
//     step - the next length will be minus with the decreasing_step.
//     angle - the turned degrees after forwarding.
//     ending_length - the minimum length of the spiral.
//     text - the text to be spined.
//     ch_angle - used to rotate the character.
module spin_out_characters(turtle, length, step, angle, ending_length, text, ch_angle = 0, index = 0) {
    font_size = 5;

    if(index < len(text) && length < ending_length) {

		translate([turtle[0][0], turtle[0][1], 0])
			rotate([ch_angle, ch_angle, turtle[1]])
				text(text[index], valign = "center", halign = "center", size = font_size, font = "Courier New:style=Bold");

        turtle_after_turned = turn(forward(turtle, length), -angle);
        spin_out_characters(turtle_after_turned, length + step, step, angle, ending_length, text, ch_angle, index + 1);
    }
}

// It will reverse the text, and do the same thing as spin_out_characters.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     length - the beginning length.
//     step - the next length will be minus with the decreasing_step.
//     angle - the turned degrees after forwarding.
//     ending_length - the minimum length of the spiral.
//     text - the text to be spined.
module spin_in_characters(turtle, length, step, angle, ending_length, text) {
    inner_diameter = length * 10;
	outer_diameter = ending_length * 10;

	spin_out_characters(turtle, length, step, -angle, ending_length, tailFrom((outer_diameter - inner_diameter) / 10 / step + 1, reverse(text)), 180);
}

module spiral_characters(symbol, text, outer_diameter, height) {
    inner_diameter = 30;
	step = 0.05;
	angle = 12;

	beginning_length = inner_diameter / 10;

	outer_length = outer_diameter / 10;
	inner_length = beginning_length;

    // bottom
    linear_extrude(height / 2)
	    circle(outer_diameter / 2 + 2);

	linear_extrude(height) union() {
		text(symbol, valign = "center", halign = "center", size = inner_diameter * 1.5 / 2, font = "Times New Roman:style=Bold");

		if(spin == "OUT") {
			translate([0, inner_diameter / 2, 0])
				spin_out_characters(turtle(0, 0, 0), inner_length, step, angle, outer_length, text);
		} else {
			rotate(180) translate([0, -inner_diameter / 2, 0])
				spin_in_characters(turtle(0, 0, 0), inner_length, step, angle, outer_length, text, 180);
		}
	}
}

spiral_characters(symbol, text, diameter, height);

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric thumbwheel for a bolt, and I need an OpenSCAD file to do so. The basic design should be a cylindrical thumbwheel with a nut trap on one side, and optional grip features around the circumference, plus an optional scale. I'd like to make it relatively easy to adjust all the main dimensions.

Specifically:

*   **Thumbwheel Dimensions:** The overall radius (`rw`) and height (`hw`) of the thumbwheel should be adjustable.
*   **Nut Trap:** I need a hexagonal nut trap on one side, sized for an M4 nut by default.  The flat-to-flat width of the nut (`rm4_ac`), the nut height (`hm4`), and the clearance hole for the bolt (`rm4free`) should be adjustable parameters, along with the depth of the nut trap (`h1`), and the outer radius of the nut trap (`r1`).
*   **Grip:** There should be grip features around the circumference. I like the idea of having angled cuts to create a textured surface, where the angle (`grip_angle`), gap (`grip_gap`), number of grips (`grip`), and depth of the cut (`grip_depth`) are also parameters.
*   **Scale:**  I'd like to have an optional scale around the circumference of the wheel, including major and minor tick marks as well as text labels for the major ticks, and the ability to toggle it on or off. The scale height (`hs`), width of the scale tick marks (`ws`), and the number of major ticks (`nm`) should all be adjustable parameters. I'd like the scale to be configurable to be raised or lowered from the top of the thumbwheel.

I would like this to be designed in such a way that it's straightforward to modify the type of nut used, as well as other parameters.

Please generate an OpenSCAD file that includes comments, and makes use of variables to control all of these dimensions. Please also include a `scale_type` variable for toggling the scale, as well as the `e` and `e2` variables to control minor spacing.

I'm not looking to use any external libraries for this.

[Assistant]
ThumbWheelM4.scad:
```
//src=http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:225188
//M3 to M4 Size & Flat Print - Edited 10/3/2016

// Radius of thumbwheel (mm)
rw=12;
// Height of thumbwheel (mm)
hw=3;

// Width of nut (Flat to Flat in mm)
rm4_ac=7/2/cos(360/12)-0.1;
// Height of the nut (mm)
hm4=5;
// Hole for the screw to go through (mm)
// eg. M4 = 4mm Bolt + 1mm = 5
rm4free=5/2;
// Height of nut trap 90% of nut height (mm)
h1=hm4*.9;
// outer radius of nut trap (mm)
r1=rm4_ac+1.5;

// Scale 1=out 2=in
scale_type=2;

//height of scale
hs=.5;
//width of scale
ws=.5;
// number of major ticks
nm=5;
// small number for overlapp
e=0.1;
e2=2.0;
echo(hw+h1);

grip=30;
grip_gap=1.8;
grip_depth=0.6;
grip_angle=55;

module Grip() {
    rotate([grip_angle,0,0]) cube([1,grip_gap,hw*2],center=true);
    rotate([-grip_angle,0,0]) cube([1,grip_gap,hw*2],center=true);
}
module Grip2() {
    for (angle=[-grip_angle,grip_angle]) {
    hull(){
    rotate([angle,0,0]) cube([grip_depth*2,0.1,hw*2],center=true);
    rotate([angle,0,0]) translate([1,0,0]) cube([1,grip_gap,hw*2],center=true);
    }
}
}

module Scale() {
	for(i=[0:nm-1])
		rotate(360/nm*i)
			translate([r1,-ws/2,hw])cube([(rw-r1)-1,ws,hs]);
	for(i=[0:nm*2-1])
		rotate(360/nm/2*i)
			translate([r1+1+((rw-r1)-2)/2+1,-ws/2,hw])cube([((rw-r1)-2)/4,ws,hs]);
	for(i=[0:nm*10-1])
		rotate(360/nm/10*i)
			translate([r1+1+((rw-r1)-2)/4*3,-ws/2,hw])cube([((rw-r1)-2)/4,ws,hs]);

    	for(i=[0:nm-1])
		rotate(360/nm*(i+0.59)) {
           translate([r1+1+((rw-r1)-2)/2+0.5,-1.8,hw]) rotate([0,0,90]) linear_extrude(height = hs) text(text = str(i+1),font="DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Bold", size=2.0);
        }

    }

module ThumbWheelM4(){
	//color("lime")
	difference(){
		union(){
			cylinder(hw,rw,rw,$fn=nm*30);
			translate([0,0,hw-e-e2])cylinder(h1+e,r1+2,r1);
		}
		translate([0,0,-1])cylinder(hw+h1+2,rm4free,rm4free,$fn=24);
		translate([0,0,0])cylinder(hm4,rm4_ac,rm4_ac,$fn=6);
//		translate([0,0,hw-e2])cylinder(hm4,rm4_ac,rm4_ac,$fn=6);

        for (i=[0:grip]) {
            rotate([0,0,360/grip*i]) translate([rw+0.5-grip_depth,0,hw/2]) Grip2();
        }
	if(scale_type==2) {
       translate([0,0,-hs+0.02]) Scale();
    }
        }
        if(scale_type==1) {
            color("black"){
	Scale();
            }
        }
}

ThumbWheelM4();
```


[User]
I'd like to create a hollow sphere covered in text that spirals out and then back in. The design I'm thinking of is based on the "Spiral Characters" project I saw on Thingiverse, specifically the one where text is applied to a sphere. I want a parametric design, so I can easily change the text, sphere diameter, the symbol used for the pole, and the $fn value for circle smoothness.

The text should spiral from the center out to the equator of the sphere and then spiral back in towards the opposite pole. The characters should be extruded and stand out from the surface of the sphere. There should also be a hole that runs through the center, defined by the "pole" text, and it should also be extruded for extra depth, and a flat spot at the base for stability. The spiral should start from a small inner diameter.

I need to be able to specify these parameters:

*   `text`: The string of characters that will wrap around the sphere.
*   `diameter`: The overall diameter of the sphere.
*   `symbol`: The text symbol that creates the pole and the base for stability.
*   `fn`: The fragment number for smooth circles/spheres.

I think that's everything. Can you generate the OpenSCAD file (or files) for this? I'm not expecting you to use any external libraries.

[Assistant]
ball_of_characters.scad:
```
text = "There are two ways of constructing a software design. One way is to make it so simple that there are obviously no deficiencies. And the other way is to make it so complicated that there are no obvious deficiencies.";
symbol = ";";
diameter = 87.5;
fn = 48;

///////////////////
// Turtle Graphics
//

// Creates a vector containing the current point [x, y] and the angle of the turtle.
// Parameters:
//     x - the x coordinate of the turtle.
//     y - the y coordinate of the turtle.
//     angle - the angle of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
function turtle(x, y, angle) = [[x, y], angle];

// Moves the turtle forward the specified distanc
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector after forwarding
function forward(turtle, length) =
    turtle(
        turtle[0][0] + length * cos(turtle[1]),
        turtle[0][1] + length * sin(turtle[1]),
        turtle[1]
    );

// Returns a new turtle vector with the given point.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     point - the new point of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function set_point(turtle, point) = [point, turtle[1]];

// Returns a new turtle vector with the given angle.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     angle - the angle of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function set_angle(turtle, angle) = [turtle[0], angle];

// Turns the turtle the specified number of degrees.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     angle - number of degrees.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function turn(turtle, angle) = [turtle[0], turtle[1] + angle];

// Draw a character of the spin_characters.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     ch - the character to be draw.
//     max_length - the max_length of the spin_characters.
//     min_length - min_length of the spin_characters.
//     n - the n-th character.
module draw_a_character(turtle, ch, max_length, min_length, n) {
    angle = 12;
	step = 0.05;

	characters_per_circle = 30;
	top_layers = 2;
	total_characters = (max_length - min_length) / step;
	circles = total_characters / characters_per_circle;
	z_angle_per_circle = 90 / (circles + top_layers);
	z_angle_per_ch = z_angle_per_circle / characters_per_circle;
	stand_up_angle = 90 / total_characters;

	translate([turtle[0][0], turtle[0][1], sin(90 - z_angle_per_circle * top_layers - z_angle_per_ch * n)  * max_length / 2 * 10])
		rotate([stand_up_angle * n, 0, turtle[1]])
			 linear_extrude(20)
				text(ch, valign = "center", halign = "center", size = 5, font = "Courier New:style=Bold");
}

// Moves the turtle spirally. The turtle forwards the 'length' distance, turns 'angle' degrees, minus the length with 'step' and then continue next spiral.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     length - the current length.
//     max_length - the maxmimu length when spinning out
//     min_length - the minmimu length when spinning in
//     text - the text to be spined.
module spin_characters(turtle, length, max_length, min_length, text, index = 0, spin_out = true) {
    angle = 12;
	step = 0.05;

    if(spin_out && index < len(text) && length < max_length) {
		draw_a_character(turtle, text[index], max_length, min_length, index);

        spin_characters(
		    turn(forward(turtle, length), angle),
			length + step,
			max_length,
			min_length,
			text,
			index + 1
		);

    } else if(index < len(text) && length >= min_length + step * 7) {
		draw_a_character(turtle, text[index], max_length, min_length, index);

        spin_characters(
		    turn(forward(turtle, length), angle),
			length - step,
			max_length,
			min_length,
			text,
			index + 1,
			false
		);
	}
}

module spiral_characters(diameter, text, symbol, fn) {
    $fn = fn;

    inner_diameter = 30;

	beginning_length = inner_diameter / 10;

	max_length = (diameter - 2) / 10;
	min_length = beginning_length;

	difference() {
		union() {
			intersection() {
				sphere(diameter / 2);
				union() {
					linear_extrude(diameter)
						text(symbol, valign = "center", halign = "center", size = inner_diameter * 1.5 / 2, font = "Times New Roman:style=Bold");

					translate([0, -inner_diameter / 2, 0])
						spin_characters(
							turtle(0, 0, 0),
							beginning_length,
							max_length,
							min_length,
							text
						);
				}
			}
			sphere((diameter - 2) / 2);
			translate([0, 0, -(diameter / 2)])
				linear_extrude(diameter / 2, scale = 1 / 1.5)
					mirror([1, 0, 0])
					    text(symbol, valign = "center", halign = "center", size = inner_diameter * 1.5 / 2, font = "Times New Roman:style=Bold");
		}
		sphere((diameter - 2) / 2 - 2);
	}
}

spiral_characters(diameter, text, symbol, fn);

```