[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a customizable box in OpenSCAD, and I have a pretty specific design in mind. I'm basing it on a box I found on Thingiverse, the Frantic card game box, but I want to be able to adjust all the dimensions and have it be parametric.

Here's what I need:

**General Box Features:**

*   It should be a rectangular box with a hinged lid.
*   The lid should be secured with a simple latch mechanism, not magnetic or anything like that.
*   The lid should attach to the box with hinges that use two M3x25mm bolts (or a similar size specified by a parameter, if possible).
*   I need to be able to specify the overall dimensions either as *inside* dimensions or *outside* dimensions. If I set it to use outside dimensions, it calculates the internal dimensions based on the specified wall thicknesses, floor thickness, and lid thickness. If I set it to use inside dimensions, the opposite occurs.
*   I'd like to be able to specify these thicknesses independently: the floor, the left/right walls, the front wall, the back wall, and the lid.

**Specific Details:**

*   The hinge design involves a rotating cylinder that's part of the lid and fits into a cutout on the box. There will be two hinges - one on the left and one on the right side. The hinges will be designed to have a pass-through for an M3 bolt.
*   The latch should be a small tab that extends from the box body with a small cutout on the lid that allows it to "latch". I would like a small amount of clearance.
*   I need to be able to specify width, depth, and height as parameters.
*   I also want parameters for all the various thicknesses of the walls and floor.
*   I want to have the option to enable or disable the lid and box parts.
*   It would be useful if the hinge design included a small chamfer/fillet around the bolt holes, just to make it a little easier for the bolts to be inserted.

**Libraries:**

I think you should be able to do this without libraries, but if a library really simplifies the process, I'm happy for you to use one. If you do, please make sure to tell me which ones you've used.

Could you create an OpenSCAD file for me that does all of that? Please make sure the variables are clearly named. I don't want to have to guess what `w` or `d` means.

I think that covers everything. Thanks!

[Assistant]
OPENBox.scad:
```
$fn=30;
insideDimension=false;
lid=true;
box=true;
//OD width min 60mm
width=150;
depth=100;
//OD height min 35mm / ID height min 25
height=50;
floorThickness = 2;
wallThicknessLR=4;

//wallThicknessFront MUST BE 10mm !
wallThicknessFront=10;
//wallThicknessBack MUST BE 8mm !
wallThicknessBack=8;
//lidThickness MUST BE 8mm !
lidThickness=8;

//calculate outside height width and depth
//NOTE TO SELF: not using if because it does not work on variables
ODheight = (insideDimension==false) ? height - lidThickness : height + floorThickness;
echo("ODheight=",ODheight);

ODwidth = (insideDimension==false) ? width : width + wallThicknessLR*2;
echo("ODwidth=",ODwidth);

ODdepth = (insideDimension==false) ? depth : depth + wallThicknessFront + wallThicknessBack;
echo("ODdepth=",ODdepth);

//calculate inside height width and depth
//NOTE TO SELF: not using if because it does not work on variables
IDheight = (insideDimension==true) ? height : height - floorThickness - lidThickness;
echo("IDheight=",IDheight);

IDwidth = (insideDimension==true) ? width : width - wallThicknessLR*2;
echo("IDwidth=",IDwidth);

IDdepth = (insideDimension==true) ? depth : depth - wallThicknessFront - wallThicknessBack;
echo("IDdepth=",IDdepth);

//creating box
if(box==true){
    union(){
    difference(){
        union(){
            //left lid hinge
            translate([ODwidth-25,0,ODheight-(lidThickness/2)]){
                cube([25,wallThicknessBack,lidThickness]);
            }
            translate([ODwidth-25,wallThicknessBack/2,ODheight+(lidThickness/2)]){
                rotate([0,90,0]){
                    cylinder(25,d=wallThicknessBack);
                }
            }

            //right lid hinge
            translate([0,0,ODheight]){
                cube([25,wallThicknessBack,lidThickness/2]);
            }
            translate([0,wallThicknessBack/2,ODheight+(lidThickness/2)]){
                rotate([0,90,0]){
                    cylinder(25,d=wallThicknessBack);
                }
            }
            //box body
            cube([ODwidth,ODdepth,ODheight]);
        }
        //inside cutout
        translate([wallThicknessLR,wallThicknessBack,floorThickness]){
            cube([IDwidth,IDdepth,IDheight]);
        }
        //holes left hinge
        translate([ODwidth-4,wallThicknessBack/2,ODheight+(lidThickness/2)]){
            rotate([0,90,0]){
                cylinder(4,d=6);
            }
        }
         translate([ODwidth-25,wallThicknessBack/2,ODheight+(lidThickness/2)]){
            rotate([0,90,0]){
                cylinder(21,d=3);
            }
        }
      //holes right hinge
            translate([0,wallThicknessBack/2,ODheight+(lidThickness/2)]){
                rotate([0,90,0]){
                    cylinder(4,d=6);
                }
            }
             translate([4,wallThicknessBack/2,ODheight+(lidThickness/2)]){
                rotate([0,90,0]){
                    cylinder(21,d=3);
                }
            }
            //hole for latch
            translate([(ODwidth/2)-15,ODdepth-(wallThicknessFront/2)-4,ODheight-25]){
                cube([30,8,25]);
            }
            //front chamfer for latch
          translate([(ODwidth/2)-15,ODdepth-(wallThicknessFront/2)+2,ODheight-25]){
             rotate([0,90,0]){
                cylinder(30,d=3);
                }
            }
          //back chamfer for latch
          translate([(ODwidth/2)-15,ODdepth-(wallThicknessFront/2)-3.5,ODheight-25]){
             rotate([0,90,0]){
                cylinder(30,d=1.8);
            }
        }

        }
        //latch
        translate([(ODwidth/2)-12.5,ODdepth-(wallThicknessFront/2)-2.5,ODheight-25]){
            cube([25,3,30]);
        }

         translate([(ODwidth/2)-12.5,ODdepth-(wallThicknessFront/2)-2.5+3,ODheight+3]){
             rotate([0,90,0]){
                cylinder(25,d=3.5);
            }
        }

    }
}

//creating lid
if(lid==true){
    translate([0,-ODdepth-5,0]){
        //difference 1
        difference(){
            //union 1
            union(){
                //lid
                cube([ODwidth,ODdepth-wallThicknessBack,lidThickness]);
                //lid hinge
                translate([25.5,-wallThicknessBack/2,0]){
                    cube([ODwidth-51,wallThicknessBack,lidThickness]);
                    rotate([0,90,0]){
                        translate([-lidThickness/2,0,0]){
                            cylinder(ODwidth-51,d=lidThickness);
                        }
                    }
                }

        }//union 1
            //lid hinge hole
            rotate([0,90,0]){
                translate([-lidThickness/2,-4,25]){
                    cylinder(ODwidth-50,d=4);
                        }
             }
            //lid latch cutout
            translate([ODwidth/2-14,ODdepth-17.5,2]){
                cube([28,6,6]);
            }

                 rotate([0,90,0]){
                 translate([-5,ODdepth-12,ODwidth/2-14]){
                     cylinder(28,d=3.5);
                 }
             }

    }//difference 1

}//translate all
}//if lid
```


[User]
I'd like to create a tray to hold a line of miniatures, kind of like a "conga line". I've got some specific measurements in mind that I'd need to be able to adjust, so the design would have to be parametric.

Here are the parameters:

*   **`model_diameter`**: The diameter of the base of the miniature, in millimeters.
*   **`model_count`**: The number of miniatures in the line.
*   **`model_distance`**: The distance between the *bases* of the models, also in millimeters. This is not the center-to-center distance but a gap between them, as in the distance between the edges of their bases..
*   **`border_width`**: The width of the walls around each mini, holding it in place, in millimeters.
*   **`floor_thickness`**: The thickness of the bottom of the tray in millimeters.
*   **`hole_depth`**: The height of the walls around the minis in millimeters (the depth of each "hole" that holds a mini).
*    **`link_width`**: The width of the bar connecting the tray's mini slots, in millimeters.

The tray should have a base with a circular cutout for each mini, and a connecting bar running between them to make it one continuous piece. This bar should be a simple rectangular connection.

I'm looking for an OpenSCAD file or files which will allow me to customize this design. I do not require any additional libraries.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
congo_line.scad:
```
// Edouard Denommee
// 1 Mars 2020

/* [Game adjustments] */
// The diameter of the model's base (mm)
model_diameter = 33.0;
// Number of minis in the line
model_count = 3;
// Distance between the base of models (mm)
model_distance = 50.5;

/* [Tray adjustments] */
// The width of the walls holding the mini in place (mm)
border_width = 2.0;
// The thickness of plastic at the bottom (mm)
floor_thickness = 1.0;
// Height of the walls around the mini (mm)
hole_depth = 3.0;
// Width of the link between models (mm)
link_width = 5.0;
$fn = 64;

total_height = floor_thickness + hole_depth;
model_footprint = model_diameter + 2*border_width;
center_distance = model_diameter + model_distance;

a = center_distance / 2;
c = model_footprint;
b = sqrt(c*c - a*a);

dense = b - link_width/2 >= model_footprint/2;
echo ("dense: ", dense);

min_b = (model_footprint + link_width)/2;

module copy_mirror(vec=[0,1,0])
{
    children();
    mirror(vec) children();
}

module BaseSketch()
{
    for (i = [0:model_count - 1])
        translate([i*center_distance, 0])
        circle(d = model_footprint);

    // Model link
    bar = dense ? b : min_b;
    translate([0, -bar/2])
    square([(model_count - 1) * (model_diameter + model_distance), bar]);
}

module DenseCut()
{
    translate([0,b])
    circle(d = model_footprint);
}

module LooseCut()
{
    slide_play = center_distance/2 - sqrt(c*c - min_b*min_b);
    hull()
    {
        copy_mirror([1, 0, 0])
        translate([slide_play, min_b])
            circle(d = model_footprint);
    }
}

module BaseTray()
{
    difference ()
    {
        BaseSketch();
        copy_mirror([0,1,0])
            for(i = [0.5 : 1 : model_count-1])
                translate([i* center_distance, 0])
                {
                    if (dense)
                        DenseCut();
                    else
                        LooseCut();
                }
    }
}

difference()
{
    linear_extrude(total_height)
        BaseTray();

    for (i = [0:model_count-1])
        translate([i*center_distance, 0, floor_thickness])
            cylinder(d = model_diameter, h = hole_depth);
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create some custom spacers for my Lee APP reloading press. The stock feeder bases sometimes interfere with the spring when sizing short bullets, so I need a way to make spacers of various heights.

Ideally, I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD design that lets me specify the total height of the spacer and includes a 1/4-20 threaded section at the bottom, so I can use a single nut to secure it to the press. I want it to have a cylindrical body.

It would also be great if I could optionally add a label to the side of the spacer. I'd want the ability to specify the text of the label.

I'm familiar with the `write.scad` library, so I'd expect the design to use that if I specify a label. So the final output would include the design for the spacer and some text labels on the side.

The primary design parameters should be:
*   `spacer_height`: Total height of the spacer in inches.
*   `bullet_length`: The length of the bullet being sized.
*  `label_text`: Optional label text to print on the side, if desired.

The spacer should also include an internal cylinder cutout. The dimensions of this should be fixed, not configurable.

The thread should be a 1/4-20 internal thread.

Finally, I'd like to be able to set the resolution of the design, so something that includes `$fn=resolution`.

Could you help me generate that? I'd prefer if it was broken up into multiple files for clarity, if that makes sense.

[Assistant]
Lee_APP_Spacer.scad:
```
use <write/write.scad>;
Resolution = 12;  //[12:Low, 36:Med, 72:High, 360:Super]
in = 25.4+0;
$fn = Resolution;
// Length of Bullet [inches]
bullet_length = 0.473;
height = (bullet_length + 0.333) * in;

module 1_4_20_Thread(){
    union(){
         english_thread(1/4, 20, 5/20,internal=true,leadin=3);
    }
}

module Body(){
    difference() {
    cylinder(height,r = (0.22 * in),false);
    english_thread(1/4, 20, 5/20,internal=true,leadin=3);
    translate([0,0,(5/20 * in)]) cylinder(height + 1,r = (0.13 * in),false);
    writecylinder(str(bullet_length),[0,0,0],(0.22 * in), height);
    }
}
union() {
    Body();
}
/*
 * ISO-standard metric threads, following this specification:
 *          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread
 *
 * Copyright 2017 Dan Kirshner - dan_kirshner@yahoo.com
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * See <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * Version 2.4.  2019-07-14  Add test option - do not render threads.
 * Version 2.3.  2017-08-31  Default for leadin: 0 (best for internal threads).
 * Version 2.2.  2017-01-01  Correction for angle; leadfac option.  (Thanks to
 *                           Andrew Allen <a2intl@gmail.com>.)
 * Version 2.1.  2016-12-04  Chamfer bottom end (low-z); leadin option.
 * Version 2.0.  2016-11-05  Backwards compatibility (earlier OpenSCAD) fixes.
 * Version 1.9.  2016-07-03  Option: tapered.
 * Version 1.8.  2016-01-08  Option: (non-standard) angle.
 * Version 1.7.  2015-11-28  Larger x-increment - for small-diameters.
 * Version 1.6.  2015-09-01  Options: square threads, rectangular threads.
 * Version 1.5.  2015-06-12  Options: thread_size, groove.
 * Version 1.4.  2014-10-17  Use "faces" instead of "triangles" for polyhedron
 * Version 1.3.  2013-12-01  Correct loop over turns -- don't have early cut-off
 * Version 1.2.  2012-09-09  Use discrete polyhedra rather than linear_extrude ()
 * Version 1.1.  2012-09-07  Corrected to right-hand threads!
 */

// Examples.
//
// Standard M8 x 1.
// metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=4);

// Square thread.
// metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=4, square=true);

// Non-standard: long pitch, same thread size.
//metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=4, length=4, thread_size=1, groove=true);

// Non-standard: 20 mm diameter, long pitch, square "trough" width 3 mm,
// depth 1 mm.
//metric_thread (diameter=20, pitch=8, length=16, square=true, thread_size=6,
//               groove=true, rectangle=0.333);

// English: 1/4 x 20.
//english_thread (diameter=1/4, threads_per_inch=20, length=1);

// Tapered.  Example -- pipe size 3/4" -- per:
// http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/npt-national-pipe-taper-threads-d_750.html
// english_thread (diameter=1.05, threads_per_inch=14, length=3/4, taper=1/16);

// Thread for mounting on Rohloff hub.
//difference () {
//   cylinder (r=20, h=10, $fn=100);
//
//   metric_thread (diameter=34, pitch=1, length=10, internal=true, n_starts=6);
//}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
function segments (diameter) = min (50, max (ceil (diameter*6), 25));

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// diameter -    outside diameter of threads in mm. Default: 8.
// pitch    -    thread axial "travel" per turn in mm.  Default: 1.
// length   -    overall axial length of thread in mm.  Default: 1.
// internal -    true = clearances for internal thread (e.g., a nut).
//               false = clearances for external thread (e.g., a bolt).
//               (Internal threads should be "cut out" from a solid using
//               difference ()).  Default: false.
// n_starts -    Number of thread starts (e.g., DNA, a "double helix," has
//               n_starts=2).  See wikipedia Screw_thread.  Default: 1.
// thread_size - (non-standard) axial width of a single thread "V" - independent
//               of pitch.  Default: same as pitch.
// groove      - (non-standard) true = subtract inverted "V" from cylinder
//                (rather thanadd protruding "V" to cylinder).  Default: false.
// square      - true = square threads (per
//               https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_thread_form).  Default:
//               false.
// rectangle   - (non-standard) "Rectangular" thread - ratio depth/(axial) width
//               Default: 0 (standard "v" thread).
// angle       - (non-standard) angle (deg) of thread side from perpendicular to
//               axis (default = standard = 30 degrees).
// taper       - diameter change per length (National Pipe Thread/ANSI B1.20.1
//               is 1" diameter per 16" length). Taper decreases from 'diameter'
//               as z increases.  Default: 0 (no taper).
// leadin      - 0 (default): no chamfer; 1: chamfer (45 degree) at max-z end;
//               2: chamfer at both ends, 3: chamfer at z=0 end.
// leadfac     - scale of leadin chamfer (default: 1.0 = 1/2 thread).
// test        - true = do not render threads (just draw "blank" cylinder).
//               Default: false (draw threads).
module metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=1, internal=false, n_starts=1,
                      thread_size=-1, groove=false, square=false, rectangle=0,
                      angle=30, taper=0, leadin=0, leadfac=1.0, test=false)
{
   // thread_size: size of thread "V" different than travel per turn (pitch).
   // Default: same as pitch.
   local_thread_size = thread_size == -1 ? pitch : thread_size;
   local_rectangle = rectangle ? rectangle : 1;

   n_segments = segments (diameter);
   h = (test && ! internal) ? 0 : (square || rectangle) ? local_thread_size*local_rectangle/2 : local_thread_size / (2 * tan(angle));

   h_fac1 = (square || rectangle) ? 0.90 : 0.625;

   // External thread includes additional relief.
   h_fac2 = (square || rectangle) ? 0.95 : 5.3/8;

   tapered_diameter = diameter - length*taper;

   difference () {
      union () {
         if (! groove) {
            if (! test) {
               metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
                                    local_thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
                                    taper);
            }
         }

         difference () {

            // Solid center, including Dmin truncation.
            if (groove) {
               cylinder (r1=diameter/2, r2=tapered_diameter/2,
                         h=length, $fn=n_segments);
            } else if (internal) {
               cylinder (r1=diameter/2 - h*h_fac1, r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac1,
                         h=length, $fn=n_segments);
            } else {

               // External thread.
               cylinder (r1=diameter/2 - h*h_fac2, r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac2,
                         h=length, $fn=n_segments);
            }

            if (groove) {
               if (! test) {
                  metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
                                       local_thread_size, groove, square, rectangle,
                                       angle, taper);
               }
            }
         }
      }

      // chamfer z=0 end if leadin is 2 or 3
      if (leadin == 2 || leadin == 3) {
         difference () {
            cylinder (r=diameter/2 + 1, h=h*h_fac1*leadfac, $fn=n_segments);

            cylinder (r2=diameter/2, r1=diameter/2 - h*h_fac1*leadfac, h=h*h_fac1*leadfac,
                      $fn=n_segments);
         }
      }

      // chamfer z-max end if leadin is 1 or 2.
      if (leadin == 1 || leadin == 2) {
         translate ([0, 0, length + 0.05 - h*h_fac1*leadfac]) {
            difference () {
               cylinder (r=diameter/2 + 1, h=h*h_fac1*leadfac, $fn=n_segments);
               cylinder (r1=tapered_diameter/2, r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac1*leadfac, h=h*h_fac1*leadfac,
                         $fn=n_segments);
            }
         }
      }
   }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Input units in inches.
// Note: units of measure in drawing are mm!
module english_thread (diameter=0.25, threads_per_inch=20, length=1,
                      internal=false, n_starts=1, thread_size=-1, groove=false,
                      square=false, rectangle=0, angle=30, taper=0, leadin=0,
                      leadfac=1.0, test=false)
{
   // Convert to mm.
   mm_diameter = diameter*25.4;
   mm_pitch = (1.0/threads_per_inch)*25.4;
   mm_length = length*25.4;

   echo (str ("mm_diameter: ", mm_diameter));
   echo (str ("mm_pitch: ", mm_pitch));
   echo (str ("mm_length: ", mm_length));
   metric_thread (mm_diameter, mm_pitch, mm_length, internal, n_starts,
                  thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle, taper, leadin,
                  leadfac, test);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
module metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
                            thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
                            taper)
{
   // Number of turns needed.
   n_turns = floor (length/pitch);

   intersection () {

      // Start one below z = 0.  Gives an extra turn at each end.
      for (i=[-1*n_starts : n_turns+1]) {
         translate ([0, 0, i*pitch]) {
            metric_thread_turn (diameter, pitch, internal, n_starts,
                                thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
                                taper, i*pitch);
         }
      }

      // Cut to length.
      translate ([0, 0, length/2]) {
         cube ([diameter*3, diameter*3, length], center=true);
      }
   }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
module metric_thread_turn (diameter, pitch, internal, n_starts, thread_size,
                           groove, square, rectangle, angle, taper, z)
{
   n_segments = segments (diameter);
   fraction_circle = 1.0/n_segments;
   for (i=[0 : n_segments-1]) {
      rotate ([0, 0, i*360*fraction_circle]) {
         translate ([0, 0, i*n_starts*pitch*fraction_circle]) {
            //current_diameter = diameter - taper*(z + i*n_starts*pitch*fraction_circle);
            thread_polyhedron ((diameter - taper*(z + i*n_starts*pitch*fraction_circle))/2,
                               pitch, internal, n_starts, thread_size, groove,
                               square, rectangle, angle);
         }
      }
   }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
module thread_polyhedron (radius, pitch, internal, n_starts, thread_size,
                          groove, square, rectangle, angle)
{
   n_segments = segments (radius*2);
   fraction_circle = 1.0/n_segments;

   local_rectangle = rectangle ? rectangle : 1;

   h = (square || rectangle) ? thread_size*local_rectangle/2 : thread_size / (2 * tan(angle));
   outer_r = radius + (internal ? h/20 : 0); // Adds internal relief.
   //echo (str ("outer_r: ", outer_r));

   // A little extra on square thread -- make sure overlaps cylinder.
   h_fac1 = (square || rectangle) ? 1.1 : 0.875;
   inner_r = radius - h*h_fac1; // Does NOT do Dmin_truncation - do later with
                                // cylinder.

   translate_y = groove ? outer_r + inner_r : 0;
   reflect_x   = groove ? 1 : 0;

   // Make these just slightly bigger (keep in proportion) so polyhedra will
   // overlap.
   x_incr_outer = (! groove ? outer_r : inner_r) * fraction_circle * 2 * PI * 1.02;
   x_incr_inner = (! groove ? inner_r : outer_r) * fraction_circle * 2 * PI * 1.02;
   z_incr = n_starts * pitch * fraction_circle * 1.005;

   /*
    (angles x0 and x3 inner are actually 60 deg)

                          /\  (x2_inner, z2_inner) [2]
                         /  \
   (x3_inner, z3_inner) /    \
                  [3]   \     \
                        |\     \ (x2_outer, z2_outer) [6]
                        | \    /
                        |  \  /|
             z          |[7]\/ / (x1_outer, z1_outer) [5]
             |          |   | /
             |   x      |   |/
             |  /       |   / (x0_outer, z0_outer) [4]
             | /        |  /     (behind: (x1_inner, z1_inner) [1]
             |/         | /
    y________|          |/
   (r)                  / (x0_inner, z0_inner) [0]

   */

   x1_outer = outer_r * fraction_circle * 2 * PI;

   z0_outer = (outer_r - inner_r) * tan(angle);
   //echo (str ("z0_outer: ", z0_outer));

   //polygon ([[inner_r, 0], [outer_r, z0_outer],
   //        [outer_r, 0.5*pitch], [inner_r, 0.5*pitch]]);
   z1_outer = z0_outer + z_incr;

   // Give internal square threads some clearance in the z direction, too.
   bottom = internal ? 0.235 : 0.25;
   top    = internal ? 0.765 : 0.75;

   translate ([0, translate_y, 0]) {
      mirror ([reflect_x, 0, 0]) {

         if (square || rectangle) {

            // Rule for face ordering: look at polyhedron from outside: points must
            // be in clockwise order.
            polyhedron (
               points = [
                         [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, bottom*thread_size],         // [0]
                         [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, bottom*thread_size + z_incr], // [1]
                         [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, top*thread_size + z_incr],    // [2]
                         [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, top*thread_size],            // [3]

                         [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, bottom*thread_size],         // [4]
                         [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, bottom*thread_size + z_incr], // [5]
                         [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, top*thread_size + z_incr],    // [6]
                         [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, top*thread_size]             // [7]
                        ],

               faces = [
                         [0, 3, 7, 4],  // This-side trapezoid

                         [1, 5, 6, 2],  // Back-side trapezoid

                         [0, 1, 2, 3],  // Inner rectangle

                         [4, 7, 6, 5],  // Outer rectangle

                         // These are not planar, so do with separate triangles.
                         [7, 2, 6],     // Upper rectangle, bottom
                         [7, 3, 2],     // Upper rectangle, top

                         [0, 5, 1],     // Lower rectangle, bottom
                         [0, 4, 5]      // Lower rectangle, top
                        ]
            );
         } else {

            // Rule for face ordering: look at polyhedron from outside: points must
            // be in clockwise order.
            polyhedron (
               points = [
                         [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, 0],                        // [0]
                         [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, z_incr],                    // [1]
                         [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, thread_size + z_incr],      // [2]
                         [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, thread_size],              // [3]

                         [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, z0_outer],                 // [4]
                         [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, z0_outer + z_incr],         // [5]
                         [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, thread_size - z0_outer + z_incr], // [6]
                         [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, thread_size - z0_outer]    // [7]
                        ],

               faces = [
                         [0, 3, 7, 4],  // This-side trapezoid

                         [1, 5, 6, 2],  // Back-side trapezoid

                         [0, 1, 2, 3],  // Inner rectangle

                         [4, 7, 6, 5],  // Outer rectangle

                         // These are not planar, so do with separate triangles.
                         [7, 2, 6],     // Upper rectangle, bottom
                         [7, 3, 2],     // Upper rectangle, top

                         [0, 5, 1],     // Lower rectangle, bottom
                         [0, 4, 5]      // Lower rectangle, top
                        ]
            );
         }
      }
   }
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a customizable bit holder for my Makita LXT power tools. I'd like to be able to attach it to the same place where the belt clip goes, and it needs to hold a bunch of hex bits using embedded magnets. I'd like it to be parametric so I can easily change how many bits it holds and adjust it for different magnet sizes.

Specifically, here are the key features I need:

*   **Mounting:** It should mount using the standard Makita belt clip screw and mounting location. It needs to account for the screw diameter and the mounting channel, including the depth and height of the mounting area.
*   **Bit Holding:** It should hold multiple hex bits in a vertical orientation, one above the other, held by pairs of magnets.
*   **Magnets:**  The design should incorporate slots for magnets to be press-fit. I need to be able to adjust the magnet diameter, height, and shell thickness. The magnets can be either cylindrical or square. Also, the design needs to allow for the magnets to hold two bits - one from each side.
*   **Bit Slots:** The bit slots themselves need to be adjustable in diameter and depth. There should be a small chamfer or cut at the top of each bit slot to help guide the bits in.
*   **Customizable Number of Bits:** I need a parameter to easily change the number of bit pairs.
*   **Horizontal Bit:** I'd like an option to include a horizontal bit holder on the side - this could be optional.
*   **Cutouts for Expansion:** I'd like an option to include cutouts between the bit holders to allow for a little expansion of the material if needed.
*   **Supportless Printing:** The design should print without needing supports (using some type of geometry to avoid warping), and I should be able to reuse the original Makita screw.
*   **Parametric Design:**  Everything should be fully parametric and easily adjustable using OpenSCAD parameters.
*   **Libraries:** Please do not assume the use of any libraries.

I'm imagining something that has a central spine with magnets inserted into the spine, and bits slots on either side of the spine (one above, one below) for each magnet.

Could you please provide the OpenSCAD code for this? Thanks.

[Assistant]
makita_bits.scad:
```
// makita magnetic bit holder
// Design by Marius Gheorghescu, January 2019

// number of bits on each side
num_bits = 6;

// bit holder depth
bit_depth = 10;

// bit diameter (tune for fit)
bit_dia = 7.35;

// magnet diameter when cylindrical, or diagonal when square
magnet_dia = 6.37;

// magnet height
magnet_height = 6.45;

// magnet shell (distance from bit to magnet)
magnet_shell = 0.5;

// magnets are square or cylindrical
square_magnet = 0; // [1: Yes, 0: No]

// thickness of the shell around the bits (hint: multiple of layer width)
shell_thickness = 1.2;

// cutout for the horizontal (long) bit - note this will weak unless the magnets poles are aligned towards it
horizontal_bit = 1; // [1: Yes, 0: No]

// cutouts between the bits to allow for some expansion?
bit_cutouts = 1; // [1: Yes, 0: No]

/* [Advanced] */

// offset of the bits from the mounting screw
screw_offset = 0;

makita_mount_depth = 3.2; // 4.5 max
makita_top_height = 8.3;
makita_bottom_height = 10.3;
makita_logo_height = 16;
makita_screw_dia = 4;
makita_screw_cap_dia = 9.25;

/* [Hidden] */

$fn = 60;
epsilon = 0.001;
shell_dia = max(magnet_dia, bit_dia) + 2*shell_thickness;

// makita mount mask (subtractive)
module makita_mount()
{
    makita_mount_len = 200;

    // mount channel
    hull() {
        translate([0, -makita_mount_depth/2, 0])
            cube([makita_mount_len, epsilon, makita_top_height], center=true);

        translate([0, makita_mount_depth/2, 0])
            cube([makita_mount_len, epsilon, makita_bottom_height], center=true);
    }

    // screw hole
    rotate([0,90,90])
        cylinder(r=makita_screw_dia/2, h=100, center=true);

    translate([0,-100/2 - makita_mount_depth/2 - 3,0])
    rotate([0,90,90])
        cylinder(r=makita_screw_cap_dia/2, h=100, center=true);

    // logo clear
    translate([25 + 100/2,0, 0])
        cube([100, makita_mount_depth, makita_logo_height + 100], center=true);

    // supportless printing
    for(i=[0:3:25]) {
        hull() {
            translate([i, -makita_mount_depth/2, 0])
            cube([epsilon, epsilon, makita_top_height], center=true);

            translate([i, makita_mount_depth/2, makita_top_height/2])
                cube([2, epsilon, makita_top_height], center=true);
        }
    }
}

difference() {
    total_height = 2*bit_depth + magnet_height + 2*magnet_shell;

    union() {

        hull() {
            translate([-makita_screw_cap_dia/2 - screw_offset,0,total_height/2])
                cylinder(r=shell_dia/2, h=total_height, center=true);

            translate([-makita_screw_cap_dia/2,0,total_height/2])
                cylinder(r=shell_dia/2 + 0.5, h=total_height - 1, center=true);

            translate([(num_bits-1)*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2),0,total_height/2])
                cylinder(r=shell_dia/2, h=total_height, center=true);

            translate([(num_bits-1)*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2),0,total_height/2])
                cylinder(r=shell_dia/2 + 0.5, h=total_height - 1, center=true);

            translate([-makita_screw_cap_dia/2, makita_mount_depth + 1,total_height/2])
                cylinder(r=shell_dia/2, h=makita_logo_height, center=true);

            translate([(num_bits-1)*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2), makita_mount_depth + 1,total_height/2])
                cylinder(r=shell_dia/2, h=makita_logo_height, center=true);

            // screw
            translate([-makita_screw_cap_dia - screw_offset, shell_dia/4,total_height/2])
                rotate([0, 90, 90])
                cylinder(r=makita_screw_cap_dia/2 + 2*shell_thickness, h=shell_dia, center=true);

        }
    }

    for(i=[0:num_bits-1]) {

        // bottom bits
        translate([i*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2), 0, bit_depth/2])
            cylinder(r=bit_dia/2, h=bit_depth + epsilon, center=true);

        translate([i*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2), 0, +1/2 - epsilon])
            cylinder(r1=bit_dia/2+0.5, r2=bit_dia/2, h=1, center=true);

        // top bits
        translate([i*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2), 0, bit_depth + bit_depth/2 + magnet_height + 2*magnet_shell])
            cylinder(r=bit_dia/2, h=bit_depth + epsilon, center=true);

        translate([i*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2), 0, bit_depth + bit_depth - 1/2 + epsilon + magnet_height + 2*magnet_shell])
            cylinder(r2=bit_dia/2+0.5, r1=bit_dia/2, h=1, center=true);

        // magnets
        translate([i*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2), 0,magnet_height/2 + magnet_shell + bit_depth])
        union() {
            magnet_fn = square_magnet?4:36;

            // snap-in
            rotate([0,0,45])
            #cylinder(r=magnet_dia/2 + 0.04, h=magnet_height, center=true, $fn=magnet_fn);

            hull() {
                rotate([0,0,45])
                cylinder(r=magnet_dia/2, h=magnet_height, center=true, $fn=magnet_fn);

                translate([0, shell_dia, 0])
                cylinder(r=magnet_dia/2, h=magnet_height, center=true);
            }
        }
    }

    if (bit_cutouts) {
        // bottom cutout
        translate([(num_bits - 1)*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2)/2, 0, bit_depth/2])
            cube([(num_bits - 1)*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2), 2, bit_depth + epsilon], center=true);

        // top cutout
        translate([(num_bits - 1)*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2)/2, 0, bit_depth + bit_depth/2 + magnet_height + 2*magnet_shell])
            cube([(num_bits - 1)*(shell_dia - shell_thickness/2), 2, bit_depth + epsilon], center=true);
    }

    // long bit
    if (horizontal_bit) {
        translate([0, -shell_dia/2 - bit_dia/2 + 1, total_height/2])
        rotate([0,90,0])
            cylinder(r=bit_dia/2*1.15, h=2*num_bits*shell_dia, $fn=6, center=true);
    }

    translate([-makita_screw_cap_dia - screw_offset, shell_dia/2 + makita_mount_depth, total_height/2])
        makita_mount();

}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a mount for a 30cc syringe barrel, specifically for use with a solder paste or glue dispenser on a 3D printer. The existing design I have is good, but I need it to be fully parametric so I can adjust it for different syringe sizes and mounting situations.

Here's a breakdown of what I need, based on the current design:

**Core Components:**

1.  **Syringe Holder:** This is the main part that holds the syringe. It should be cylindrical with a hole through the center to allow the syringe to pass through. The inner diameter, outer diameter, and height should all be parametric.
2.  **Mounting Tab:** A rectangular tab extends out from one side of the cylinder. This tab is used to attach the mount to the printer, probably with some strong double-sided tape. The tab's length, width, and height should all be parametric.
3.  **Wall Length:** The area between the cylinder and the tab needs a supporting "wall" for structural integrity, and it should extend the same length as the tab, again parametrically.
4. **Fillet:** The corner where the tab joins the cylinder should have a parametric fillet.

**Parametric Control:**

I need to be able to adjust the following:
*   `inner_diameter`: The inner diameter of the syringe holder.
*   `outer_diameter`: The outer diameter of the syringe holder.
*   `height`: The height of the syringe holder cylinder.
*   `wall_length`: The length of the wall supporting the tab.
*   `tab_length`: The length of the mounting tab.
*   `tab_width`: The width of the mounting tab.
*   `tab_height`: The height of the mounting tab.
*  `fillet_radius`: The radius of the fillet between the cylinder and tab.

**Additional Considerations:**

*   The tab should be positioned off-center on the cylinder, extending from one side only.
*   It would be useful to have the option to have multiple tabs for more mounting options, where the amount of tabs is a parameter.
*   The design doesn't need to be super complex; I'm happy with simple extrusions and difference operations.
*   I'd like to avoid any hardcoded `fn` settings and instead rely on `$fa` and `$fs`.

I believe this would be a helpful tool for various syringe dispensers and could be customized for different setups, so I'd love to have a well-structured, parametric design. Let's aim to make this fully parametric without relying on any hardcoded values that can't be easily changed. I expect to use the standard OpenSCAD features only, without relying on external libraries.

Can you generate the required `.scad` file(s) for me?

[Assistant]
dm-dispenser-mount.scad:
```
// 30cc barrel sleeve syringe holder
// Copyright (C) 2020, Uri Shaked
// Released under the CC-BY-SA license.

inner_diameter = 25.6;
outer_diameter = 28;
height = 20;
wall_length = 8;
tab_length = 22;
tab_width = 20;
tab_height = 5;

$fn=60;

translate([-tab_width/2, outer_diameter/2, 0])
cube([tab_width, tab_length+wall_length, tab_height]);

linear_extrude(height)
difference() {
    union() {
        translate([-outer_diameter/2, 0])
        square([outer_diameter, outer_diameter / 2 + wall_length]);

        circle(r=outer_diameter/2);
    }
    circle(r=inner_diameter/2);
};
```


[User]
Hi, I need some help designing some parametric pipe connectors for my caravan's drain system. I'm using 28mm pipe, but I'd like the design to be easily adjustable for different pipe sizes.

I need a few different types of connectors:
*   Straight connectors
*   Tee connectors
*   X connectors
*   Y connectors
*   Straight-Y connectors (a straight run with a branch at an angle)
*   Multi-connectors (for joining multiple pipes together)
*   90-degree elbows, as well as 45, 30, 20, and 120 degree elbows
*   U-bends
*   End caps
*   Reducer connectors (for connecting different diameter pipes)

I want to be able to specify the pipe diameter, connector length, and wall thickness. I also need an internal step for gripping the pipe, and the depth of the outermost part of the pipe. It would be great if I could adjust the amount of reduction of the internal step. Additionally I would like to be able to print a size label on the outer end of the connectors, and an angle label for the Y connectors. An option to print an arrow for flow direction on the connector would be amazing. Finally, for end caps, I want an option for a small loop for a tie string.

I'm hoping you can provide me with OpenSCAD files that allow me to adjust these parameters for each of the specified connector types. I'm not particularly well-versed in OpenSCAD myself, so I'd prefer something that's relatively well-organized and easy to use. I do have a preference for clean and modular code, though.

Thanks for your help!

[Assistant]
28mm_caravan_RV_drain_pipe_connectors.scad:
```
// Caravan / RV / motorhome drain water pipe connector
// nominally for 28mm pipe used in European caravans but adjust to suit what you need.
// customisable, so play with the settings!
// NOTE: Don't forget to turn the Cross-section option OFF for your final print :)
// All measurements in mm
// written by Steve Malikoff     March 2020   in Brisbane, Australia
// PLACED IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. Use at your own risk. Enjoy!
// Last updated 20200311

// Customisable settings

CONNECTOR_TYPE = "straight";//["straight","Tee", "X", "Y", "straight Y", "Multi", "90 elbow", "45 elbow", "30 elbow", "20 elbow","120 elbow",  "U bend", "cap", "reducer"]
PIPE_ANGULAR_SEPARATION = 90;//[45,60,75,90,100,110,120,125,130,135,140,150]
MULTI_PIPES = 5;

TO_SUIT_PIPE_DIAMETER = 28.0;
STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH = 73;
PIPE_OUTERMOST_DEPTH = 10;
PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS = 2;
PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_STEP_REDUCTION = 0.3; //[0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3]
PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_ID = TO_SUIT_PIPE_DIAMETER - PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_STEP_REDUCTION;
PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_DEPTH = 28;
PIPE_INNERMOST_ID = PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_ID - 2;
PIPE_OD = TO_SUIT_PIPE_DIAMETER + 2 * PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS;

EMBOSS_SIZE_LABEL = true;
EMBOSS_ANGLE_LABEL = true;
EMBOSS_FLOW_DIRECTION_UP = false;
EMBOSS_FLOW_DIRECTION_DOWN = false;
TEXT_SIZE = 5;

CAP_TIE_LOOP = true;

TO_SUIT_REDUCER_PIPE_DIAMETER = 20.0;
PIPE_REDUCER_INTERMEDIATE_ID = TO_SUIT_REDUCER_PIPE_DIAMETER - PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_STEP_REDUCTION;
PIPE_REDUCER_INNERMOST_ID = PIPE_REDUCER_INTERMEDIATE_ID - 2;
REDUCER_PIPE_OD = TO_SUIT_REDUCER_PIPE_DIAMETER + 2 * PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS;

CROSS_SECTIONAL_DEMO = false;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
module Customiser_Stopper() {} // Stop customiser looking at variables below here

// Prepare the embossed pipe size and angle texts (optional)
PIPE_SIZE_TEXT = str(round(TO_SUIT_PIPE_DIAMETER),"mm Ø");
PIPE_ANGLE_TEXT = str(round(PIPE_ANGULAR_SEPARATION)," ◦");
REDUCER_PIPE_SIZE_TEXT = str(round(TO_SUIT_REDUCER_PIPE_DIAMETER),"mm Ø");
PIPE_DIRECTION_ARROW_UP_TEXT = "↑";
PIPE_DIRECTION_ARROW_DOWN_TEXT = "↓";

FACETS = 133;
$fn = FACETS;

// Generate the model and optionally show cross-section
PipeConnector();

module PipeConnector()
{
    difference()
    {
        PipeConnectorChoices();
        if (CROSS_SECTIONAL_DEMO)
            translate([0,0,-200])
                cube([200,200,400]);
    }
}

// If you need an elbow at another angle, add that here
module PipeConnectorChoices()
{
    if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "straight")
        StraightPipeConnector();
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "Tee")
        TeePipeConnector(3);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "X")
        TeePipeConnector(4);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "Y")
        MultiPipeConnector(3, PIPE_ANGULAR_SEPARATION);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "straight Y")
        StraightYPipeConnector(PIPE_ANGULAR_SEPARATION);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "Multi")
        MultiPipeConnector(MULTI_PIPES, 360/MULTI_PIPES);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "90 elbow")
        ElbowPipeConnector(90);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "45 elbow")
        ElbowPipeConnector(45);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "30 elbow")
        ElbowPipeConnector(30);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "20 elbow")
        ElbowPipeConnector(20);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "120 elbow")
        ElbowPipeConnector(120);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "U bend")
        ElbowPipeConnector(180);
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "cap")
        CapPipeConnector();
    else if (CONNECTOR_TYPE == "reducer")
        ReducerPipeConnector();
}

// Straight-through pipe to pipe connector
module StraightPipeConnector()
{
    // Generate one end only and rotate for other end
    StraightPipeConnectorHalf();
    rotate([180,0,0])
        StraightPipeConnectorHalf();
    FlowDirectionArrow();
}

// One pipe connector. This is the basic unit of all the patterns here.
module StraightPipeConnectorHalf()
{
    difference()
    {
        PipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter(false);
        PipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug();
    }
}

// The complete outer part of the connector (with optional labelling)
module PipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter(EMBOSS_ANGLE_LABEL)
{
    cylinder(d=PIPE_OD, h=STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2);
    if (EMBOSS_SIZE_LABEL)
        translate([PIPE_OD/2 - 0.3, -TEXT_SIZE/2,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - 3])
            PipeSizeLabel();
    if (EMBOSS_ANGLE_LABEL)
        rotate([0,0,-30])
            translate([PIPE_OD/2 - 0.3, -TEXT_SIZE/2,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - 3])
                PipeAngleLabel();
}

// The complete stepped plug, which is subttracted from the outer
module PipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug()
{
        cylinder(d=PIPE_INNERMOST_ID, h=STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2);
        // The pipe ID steps
        // 1) Intermediate
        translate([0,0,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_DEPTH])
            cylinder(d=PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_ID, PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_DEPTH);
        // 2) Outermost
        translate([0,0,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - PIPE_OUTERMOST_DEPTH])
            cylinder(d=TO_SUIT_PIPE_DIAMETER, PIPE_OUTERMOST_DEPTH);
        // Chamfers
        // 1) Outermost (to allow pipe)
        translate([0,0,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - 1.8])
            OuterChamfer();
        // 2) Innermost (so no scaffolding needed)
        translate([0,0,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_DEPTH -1.3])
            InnerChamfer();
}

// Allow easy insertion of pipe to connector
module OuterChamfer()
{
    cylinder(d1=PIPE_INNERMOST_ID, d2=PIPE_OD-1, h=2);
}

// To allow printing without needing support (for straight tube anyway)
module InnerChamfer()
{
    cylinder(d1=PIPE_INNERMOST_ID, d2=PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_ID, h=1.5);
}

// A connector for two different pipe sizes
module ReducerStraightPipeConnectorHalf()
{
    difference()
    {
        ReducerPipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter(false);
        ReducerPipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug();
    }
}

module ReducerPipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter(EMBOSS_ANGLE_LABEL)
{
    cylinder(d=REDUCER_PIPE_OD, h=STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2);
    if (EMBOSS_SIZE_LABEL)
        translate([REDUCER_PIPE_OD/2 - 0.3, -TEXT_SIZE/2,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - 3])
                rotate([90,90,90])
                    linear_extrude(1.2)
                        text(REDUCER_PIPE_SIZE_TEXT, size=TEXT_SIZE);
}

module ReducerPipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug()
{
        cylinder(d=PIPE_REDUCER_INNERMOST_ID, h=STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2);
        // The pipe ID steps
        // 1) Intermediate
        translate([0,0,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_DEPTH])
            cylinder(d=PIPE_REDUCER_INTERMEDIATE_ID, PIPE_INTERMEDIATE_DEPTH);
        // 2) Outermost
        translate([0,0,STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR_LENGTH/2 - PIPE_OUTERMOST_DEPTH])
            cylinder(d=TO_SUIT_REDUCER_PIPE_DIAMETER, PIPE_OUTERMOST_DEPTH);
}

// Label so you can see what size pipe it's for
module PipeSizeLabel()
{
    rotate([90,90,90])
        linear_extrude(1.2)
            text(PIPE_SIZE_TEXT, size=TEXT_SIZE);
}

// Pipe size diameter label in mm
module PipeAngleLabel()
{
    rotate([90,90,90])
        linear_extrude(1.2)
            text(PIPE_ANGLE_TEXT, size=TEXT_SIZE);
}

// Emboss a large arrow in the middle of the length of the connector
// Normally Up and Down would be mutually exclusive however you can select
// both Up and Down checkboxes to get a double-ended arrow.
module FlowDirectionArrow()
{
    // Add an up or down flow direction arrow
    if (EMBOSS_FLOW_DIRECTION_UP)
        rotate([0,0,90])
            translate([PIPE_OD/2 - 0.7, -TEXT_SIZE*2, -4.5])
                PipeDirectionArrowUpLabel();

    if (EMBOSS_FLOW_DIRECTION_DOWN)
        rotate([0,0,90])
            translate([PIPE_OD/2 - 0.7, -TEXT_SIZE*2, -5.5])
                PipeDirectionArrowDownLabel();
}

module PipeDirectionArrowUpLabel()
{
    rotate([90,0,90])
        linear_extrude(2)
            text(PIPE_DIRECTION_ARROW_UP_TEXT, size=TEXT_SIZE * 6);
}

module PipeDirectionArrowDownLabel()
{
    rotate([90,0,90])
        linear_extrude(2)
            text(PIPE_DIRECTION_ARROW_DOWN_TEXT, size=TEXT_SIZE * 6);
}

// Standard 3-way T fitting
module TeePipeConnector(pipesRequired)
{
    MultiPipeConnector(pipesRequired, 90);
    FlowDirectionArrow();
}

// Connector to bring a number of pipes together
module MultiPipeConnector(pipesRequired, angularSeparation)
{
    PIPES = pipesRequired;
    PIPE_ANGULAR_SEPERATION = angularSeparation;
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            for (pipe=[1 : PIPES - 1])
            {
            PipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter();
            rotate([pipe * PIPE_ANGULAR_SEPERATION, 0, 0])
                PipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter(EMBOSS_ANGLE_LABEL);
            }
        }
        // Substract the inners
        for (pipe=[1 : PIPES - 1])
        {
            PipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug();
            rotate([pipe * PIPE_ANGULAR_SEPERATION, 0, 0])
                PipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug();
        }
    }
    FlowDirectionArrow();
}

// Straight-through with angled side Y pipe connector
module StraightYPipeConnector(someSideAngle, EMBOSS_FLOW_DIRECTION_LABEL)
{
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            // Do the straight through pipe then the side pipe
            for (pipe=[0 : 1])
            {
                PipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter();
                rotate([pipe*180, 0, 0])
                    PipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter(EMBOSS_ANGLE_LABEL);
            }
            rotate([someSideAngle, 0, 0])
                PipeConnectorHalfSolidOuter(EMBOSS_ANGLE_LABEL);
        }
        // Substract the inners
        // Do the straight through pipe then the side pipe
        for (pipe=[0 : 1])
        {
            PipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug();
            rotate([pipe * 180, 0, 0])
                PipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug();
        }
        rotate([someSideAngle, 0, 0])
            PipeConnectorHalfInnerPlug();
    }
    FlowDirectionArrow();
}

// Fitting for angled outlet to inlet
module ElbowPipeConnector(angularSeparation)
{
    Xoffset = PIPE_OD/2 - (cos(angularSeparation) * PIPE_OD/2);
    Zoffset = sin(angularSeparation) * PIPE_OD/2;

    // Generate half end only and rotate
    StraightPipeConnectorHalf();
    translate([0, -Xoffset,-Zoffset])
        rotate([180-angularSeparation,0,0])
            StraightPipeConnectorHalf();
    // Elbow torus arc
    //color("green")
    translate([0, -PIPE_OD/2, 0])
    rotate([90, angularSeparation, 90])
        PartialHollowTorus(PIPE_OD*2, PIPE_OD, PIPE_INNERMOST_ID,angularSeparation);
        FlowDirectionArrow();
}

// An end cap to seal a pipe. It has a string tie eye added by default.
module CapPipeConnector()
{
    StraightPipeConnectorHalf();
    translate([0, 0, -PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS])
        cylinder(d=PIPE_OD + PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS * 2, h=PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS);
    if (CAP_TIE_LOOP)
    {
        translate([PIPE_OD / 2 + PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS, 0, -PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS])
            CapTieLoop();
    }
}

// The string tie loop. This is added to the side so you can use the flat underside of
// the cap to write or place a label on.
module CapTieLoop()
{
    difference()
    {
        cylinder(d=PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS*5, h=PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS);
        cylinder(d=PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS*3, h=PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS * 2);
    }
}

// Connector from one size to a different size
module ReducerPipeConnector()
{
    StraightPipeConnectorHalf();
    translate([0, 0, -PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS*2])
    rotate([180,0,0])
        ReducerStraightPipeConnectorHalf();
    // The frustum between the different sizes
    translate([0,0,-PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS*2])
    difference()
    {
        cylinder(d1=REDUCER_PIPE_OD, d2=PIPE_OD, h=PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS*2);
        cylinder(d1=TO_SUIT_REDUCER_PIPE_DIAMETER, d2=PIPE_INNERMOST_ID, h=PIPE_NOMINAL_WALL_THICKNESS*2);
    }
}

/////////////////// Utility methods to create the torus elbow ////////////////////////////
module PartialHollowTorus(pipeMajorOD, pipeOD, pipeID, someAngle)
{
    difference()
    {
        PartialTorus(pipeMajorOD, pipeOD, someAngle);
        PartialTorus(pipeMajorOD - (pipeOD - pipeID), pipeID, someAngle+2);
    }
}

module Torus(majorRadius, minorRadius)
{
    PartialTorus(majorRadius, minorRadius, 360);
}

module PartialTorus(majorRadius, minorRadius, sweepAngle)
{
  halfMinorRadius = minorRadius / 2;
  minorRadiusCentreOffset = majorRadius / 2 - halfMinorRadius;
    rotate_extrude(angle=sweepAngle, convexity=10)
        translate([minorRadiusCentreOffset, 0, 0])
            circle(r = halfMinorRadius);
}

module Pipe(someOD, someID, someLength)
{
    difference()
    {
        cylinder(d=someOD, someLength);
        cylinder(d=someID, someLength);
    }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable, extendable spacer for a Gravitrax track. I've seen designs where multiple pieces screw together to achieve variable height, and that's what I'm going for.

Here's how I envision it working:

The core idea is a series of concentric tubes that thread together. The outer tube would have a male Gravitrax connector on top, and the innermost tube would have a female Gravitrax connector on the bottom. In between, there would be a series of tubes of decreasing diameter, each with threads to screw into the next larger tube. The design needs to include all the gravitrax connector dimensions, like the hexagonal shape.

Key parameters I'd like to control are:

*   **`desired_height`**: The overall compressed height of the spacer.
*   **`outer_diameter`**: The outer diameter of the largest tube at its ends, before any threads.
*   **`diameters`**: A list of diameters. The length of this list minus one is the number of extensible parts the design will have, and each diameter in the list should be the outer diameter for that tube.
*   **`top_or_down_clearance`**: The clearance needed at the top and bottom between parts to ensure they don't stick together.
*   **`clearance_outer_thread`**: The clearance between the inner and outer threads,
*   **`mypitch`**: The pitch of the threads.
*   The Gravitrax connector dimensions which are defined by the following variables: `main_hexagon_width`, `male_connector_width`, `male_connector_cutaway_width`, `male_connector_height`, `female_connector_width`, `connector_radius`, and `height_end_cap`.

I also want to be able to print this thing in a way that minimizes support material inside the threads, so the design should have a feature that slightly unscrews each inner tube for printing by half a turn. I want to be able to also render an expanded view showing all parts fully extended, just for visualization purposes. Lastly, I'd like a "test" option that allows me to print a thin slice of the assembled object to test the thread clearances.

For the thread profile, I think it's best to use the `thread_profile.scad` library, along with its dependencies: `scad-utils` and `list-comprehension-demos`.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
variable_pile.scad:
```
use <thread_profile.scad>

// What you need: thread_profile.scad from
// https://github.com/MisterHW/IoP-satellite/tree/master/OpenSCAD%20bottle%20threads

/* [ Main parameter: height of the spacer ] */
// desired height of the spacer
desired_height = 40;

/* [ parameters for the shape of the spacer -- shouldn't be necessary to change ] */
// what outer diameter shall the object have at its ends?
outer_diameter = 45.6;

// here the diameters of the different piles. The number of those diameters determines the number of the piles (-1)
// this parameter set gives you two piles
diameters = [outer_diameter*0.6/4.5,outer_diameter*1.8/4.5, outer_diameter*3/4.5, outer_diameter];
/*
// this parameter set results in only one extensible pile
diameters = [outer_diameter*1.8/4.5, outer_diameter*3/4.5, outer_diameter];
// and here the version for four piles (but this has a pretty weak inner part, so I cannot recommend):
diameters = [0.1,outer_diameter-36,outer_diameter-25, outer_diameter-14, outer_diameter];
*/

// how much clearance necessary that parts will not stick together?
top_or_down_clearance = 0.5;
// how much clearance is necessary between the inner and outer threads?
clearance_outer_thread = 0.4;
// pitch of the thread
mypitch=4;

/* [ GraviTrax interface parameters -- shouldn't be necessary to change ] */
main_hexagon_width = 45.60;
male_connector_width = 29.78;
male_connector_cutaway_width = 25;
male_connector_height = 2.7;
female_connector_width = 29.80;
connector_radius = 0.8;
// what is the height of one end hexagon?
height_end_cap = 5;

/* [ Print settings ] */
// How do you want to print it?
Print_setting="variable_spacer"; // [variable_spacer:print variable spacer, variable_spacer_expanded:show variable spacer with piles expanded (only for demonstration purpose -- not for printing), test: print only one slice for checking clearances of threads.]

fn_round=6;

echo("len");
echo(len(diameters));

$fn=90;

if (Print_setting == "variable_spacer") {
  get_everything(false);
}

if (Print_setting == "variable_spacer_expanded") {
  intersection() {
    get_everything(true);
    translate([0,-100,-100])
      cube([200,200,200]);
  }
}

if (Print_setting == "test") {
  difference() {
  intersection() {
    get_everything();
    translate([0,0,desired_height/4])
      cylinder(r=outer_diameter*2,h=8,center=true);
  }
  translate([0,0,desired_height/4-3])
      cylinder(r=outer_diameter/2-3,h=2,center=true);
  }
}

module get_everything(expanded) {

// for the expansion we need the following information:
    thread_length=desired_height-2*height_end_cap;
    number_of_turns = floor((thread_length/2)/mypitch);
    echo("Number of turns");
    echo(number_of_turns);

// get upper and lower gravitrax end
get_both_ends(desired_height, height_end_cap, outer_diameter,expanded,number_of_turns);

// get the different piles according to the given inner/outer diameters
    for(i = [0 : len(diameters) - 2]) {
    echo(i);
    if(expanded) {
        translate([0,0,(len(diameters)-2-i)*number_of_turns*mypitch])
        get_one_piece(diameters[i+1],diameters[i],desired_height,height_end_cap,(i!=len(diameters)-2),(i!=0));
        echo(i!=0);
    }
    else {
      if(i!= len(diameters)-2) { // screw out the inner parts by half turn each -- such it is easier to remove the support
        echo("parameter");
        echo(len(diameters)-2-i);
        translate([0,0,(len(diameters)-2-i)*mypitch/2])
          rotate([0,0,(len(diameters)-2-i)*180])
            get_one_piece(diameters[i+1],diameters[i],desired_height,height_end_cap,(i!=len(diameters)-2),(i!=0));
      }
      else
        get_one_piece(diameters[i+1],diameters[i],desired_height,height_end_cap,(i!=len(diameters)-2),(i!=0));
        echo(i!=0);
    }
    }

    // add a plate if the connector cutaway is bigger than the last diameter

    if(male_connector_cutaway_width > diameters[0]) {
      translate([0,0,(expanded?number_of_turns*mypitch*(len(diameters)-2):(len(diameters)-2)*mypitch/2)+desired_height/2-height_end_cap])
        difference() {
        cylinder(r=main_hexagon_width/2-connector_radius,h=height_end_cap);
        cylinder(r=diameters[0]/2+2,h=height_end_cap);
        }
    }

}

module get_one_piece(outer_thread, inner_thread, height,height_end_cap, has_outer_thread, has_inner_thread) {
  thread_length=desired_height-2*height_end_cap;

  difference() {
  union() {
  // generate the outer thread
  difference() {  // subtract the next smaller outer thread (plus clearance) and a cylinder for realizing the gap at bottom
    get_outer_thread(outer_thread,desired_height,height_end_cap,0,has_outer_thread);
    //%get_outer_thread(outer_thread,desired_height,height_end_cap,0.5);
        if(has_inner_thread) {
          get_outer_thread(inner_thread,desired_height,height_end_cap,clearance_outer_thread,true);
        }
        else {
            cylinder(r=inner_thread/2+2,h=desired_height,center=true);
        }
        translate([0,0,-(thread_length)/4])
        cylinder(r=inner_thread/2+2,h=(thread_length)/2,center=true);
    if(has_inner_thread) {
    //subtract upper cone (only if there's an inner thread present)
    translate([0,0,thread_length/2-outer_thread/4])
        cylinder(r2=inner_thread/2+4, r1=0,h=outer_thread/2,center=true);
    }
    // subtract lower cone
        translate([0,0,inner_thread/4])
        cylinder(r1=inner_thread/2+2, r2=0,h=inner_thread/2,center=true);

   }

  // this will implement the stopper -- only if we have the outer thread
  if(has_outer_thread) {
  translate([0,0,-thread_length/2+top_or_down_clearance])
    difference() {
      cylinder(r=outer_thread/2+1.5,h=2,center=false);
      cylinder(r=outer_thread/2*0.9,h=2,center=false);
    }
  }
  }

  /* won't do this subtraction -- instead we screw out the inner part from v 0.02 on...
  // subtract the top part if inner thread is present
  if(has_inner_thread) {
    translate([0,0,thread_length/2-top_or_down_clearance/2])
      cylinder(r=outer_thread/2+0.5,h=top_or_down_clearance,center=true);
  }
  */
  /* This is no longer necessary as we wind out the thread also in the default printing position
  // subtract the bottom part if inner thread is present
  if(has_outer_thread) {
    translate([0,0,-thread_length/2+top_or_down_clearance/2])
      cylinder(r=outer_thread/2+0.5,h=top_or_down_clearance,center=true);
  }
  */
}

}

  function demo_thread_profile(clearance) = [
    [0+clearance,0],
    [1.5+clearance,1],
    [1.5+clearance,2],
    [0+clearance,3],
    [-1,3],
    [-1,0]
];

module get_outer_thread(thread_diameter, height,height_end_cap, thread_clearance,has_outer_thread) {
  thread_length=desired_height-2*height_end_cap;

  thread_thickness=thread_diameter/20;

  cylinder(r=(thread_diameter)/2+thread_clearance,h=thread_length,center=true);
  if(has_outer_thread) {
  translate([0,0,-thread_length/2])
straight_thread(section_profile=demo_thread_profile(thread_clearance), pitch=mypitch, turns=(thread_length-3)/mypitch, r=thread_diameter/2, fn=$fn);
  }
}

module get_both_ends(desired_height, height_end_cap, outer_diameter,expanded,number_of_turns) {
    //echo(len(diameters));

// this generates the male connector
if(!expanded) {  // in the normal case we screw out the inner part by half a turn times the number of piles...
translate([0,0,(len(diameters)-2)*mypitch/2])
          rotate([0,0,(len(diameters)-2)*180])
             get_male_connector(desired_height, height_end_cap, outer_diameter,expanded,number_of_turns);
}
else {
  get_male_connector(desired_height, height_end_cap, outer_diameter,expanded,number_of_turns);
}

// this generates the female connector
get_female_connector(desired_height, height_end_cap, outer_diameter,expanded);
}

module get_male_connector(desired_height, height_end_cap, outer_diameter,expanded,number_of_turns) {
difference() {
union() {
    translate([0,0,((expanded?number_of_turns*mypitch*(len(diameters)-2):0)+desired_height/2-height_end_cap)])
        rounded_hexagon(main_hexagon_width,height_end_cap,connector_radius,true);
    translate([0,0,(expanded?number_of_turns*mypitch*(len(diameters)-2):0)+(desired_height/2)])
        rounded_hexagon(male_connector_width,male_connector_height,connector_radius,false);
}
    translate([0,0,(expanded?number_of_turns*mypitch*(len(diameters)-2):0)+(desired_height/2-2*height_end_cap)])
        hexagon(male_connector_cutaway_width,4*height_end_cap);
}
}

module get_female_connector(desired_height, height_end_cap, outer_diameter,expanded) {
difference() {

    translate([0,0,(-desired_height/2)])
        rounded_hexagon(main_hexagon_width,height_end_cap,1,true);
    translate([0,0,(-desired_height/2-2*height_end_cap)])
        hexagon(female_connector_width,4*height_end_cap);
}
}

// will draw a hexagon with given width and height
module hexagon(width,height) {
/* the only calculation to be done is to get the second dimension of the base cube:
    - in the corner there's a 60° angle
    - r*sin(60)=width/2
    - r*cos(60)=depth/2
    therefore depth = 2*r*cos(60) = 2*width/(2*sin(60))*cos(60)
    depth = width*cos(60)/sin(60) = width/tan(60)
*/
depth = width/tan(60);
translate([0,0,height/2])
union() {
for (i=[0,120,240])
  rotate([0,0,i])
    cube([width,depth,height],center=true);
}
}

// will produce a hexagon with rounded edges
// parameter bottom_round will define if the bottom shall also be rounded or not
module rounded_hexagon(width, height, radius, bottom_round) {
  smaller_width = width - 2*radius;
  smaller_height = height - (bottom_round? 2*radius: radius);

  if(bottom_round) {
    translate([0,0,radius])
      round_edge(radius,$fn)hexagon(smaller_width, smaller_height);
  }
  else {
    difference() {
      round_edge(radius,$fn)hexagon(smaller_width, smaller_height);
      translate([0,0,-2*radius])
        cylinder(r=width,h=radius*2);
    }
  }

}

// will produce round edges by the minkowski function. But the object will grow in each dimension by "radius"
module round_edge(radius,fn_round) {
  minkowski() {
    children(0);
    sphere(radius,$fn=fn_round);
  }
}

// Johann Schuster, March 2020, v 0.04

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a toothbrush holder that also holds a small jar of mouthwash. I've got some specific ideas and measurements in mind and I was wondering if you could help me create a parametric OpenSCAD design for it?

The basic idea is a stand that has a circular base, a holder for the toothbrush at the top, and a circular cutout to hold the mouthwash jar. I'm aiming for something like the sanibrush design that I've seen, but I'd like it to be fully parametric so I can adjust it easily.

Here are the parameters I’d like to be able to control:

*   **Jar Outside Diameter (jar\_od):** This would control the size of the circular cutout for the jar. I'll be using different jars, so this one needs to be adjustable, with a default value of 31 mm but I need to be able to vary it between 20mm and 200mm
*   **Jar Height (jar\_h):** The height of the jar.  I need a default value of 50 mm with the ability to adjust it from 20 to 200mm.
*   **Toothbrush Length (toothbrush\_length):** The height of the arms that hold the toothbrush in place. The default length of 200mm should be adjustable from 40-250mm.
*   **Base Radius (base\_r):** The radius of the base, which should be able to change from 5mm to 15mm, default of 6mm.

I'm thinking I'll need the following modules or functions:

*   `jar()`: to create the cutout for the jar.
*   `arm()`: to create the arms holding the toothbrush.
*   `wheel()`: to create the base structure that holds the jar and arms.
*   `base()`: to combine the jar cutout and base wheel structure.
*   `donut()`:  The top part of the toothbrush holder.
*   `holder()`: to combine the donut and toothbrush arm components.
*   `assembly()`: to put the whole thing together.
*   `to_print()`: to lay out the separate components so they can be 3D printed easily.

I'd like it so there's a top-level parameter `part` that switches between "assembly" and "print". When `part` is "assembly", I want to see the complete model. When `part` is "print", the base, holder, and two arms should be laid out flat for printing, as in the example code I saw.

I'd also like to use `$fa` and `$fs` for circle resolution. I think those should be settable at the top of the file and not hidden.

Could you create the necessary OpenSCAD files for this? It looks like it could be done in a single file, but I'm okay with multiple files if that helps. Let me know if you have questions. Thanks!

[Assistant]
sanibrush2.scad:
```
// Copyright <senorjp@gmail.com> March 2020

/* [Jar] */

// Which would you like to see?
part = "assembly"; // [assembly:Complete Assembly,print:Parts For Printing]
//part = "print";

// Outside diameter of your jar (mm)
jar_od = 31; // [20:200]
// Height of your jar (mm)
jar_h = 50; // [20:200]

/* [Advanced] */

toothbrush_length = 200; // [40:250]
base_r = 6; // [5:15]

/* [Hidden] */

$fa = 2; // [1:10]
$fs = 2; // [1:4]

holder_h=toothbrush_length * 2/3;
//jar_od = 31;
//jar_h = 50;
//base_r = 6;
base_od=jar_od+base_r+jar_od*0.55;

arm_setback = 0;
arm_t = base_r;
arm_l = holder_h;
//arm_angle= 0;

module jar(tol=0) {
    translate([0,0,3])
    cylinder(r=jar_od/2+tol/2, h=jar_h);
}

module arm(tol=0, right=1) {
    translate([0,base_od/2*right,0])
        //rotate(-arm_angle, [1,0,0])
            translate([0,0,arm_l/2+base_r/2])
                cube([arm_t+tol,arm_t+tol,arm_l+tol],center=true);
}

module wheel(r=base_r, d=base_od) {
    hull() rotate_extrude(angle=360) translate([d/2,0]) circle(r=r);
}

module base(r=base_r, d=base_od) {
    difference() {
    translate([0,0,base_r])
        wheel(r=r, d=d);
        jar(tol=2);
        arm(tol=.6);
        arm(tol=.6, right=-1);
    }
}

module donut(r=base_r, d=base_od,flat=base_r) {
    rotate_extrude(angle=360)
        hull() {
            translate([d/2,0])
                circle(r=r);
            translate([d/2-flat,0])
                circle(r=r);
        }
}
//donut();

module holder() {
    difference() {
        translate([0,0,holder_h])
            donut();
        arm(tol=1);
        arm(tol=1, right=-1);
        }
}

module assembly() {
    jar();
    base();
    holder();
    arm();
    arm(right=-1);
}

if (part == "assembly") assembly();

module to_print() {
    translate([-base_od/2-base_r-1,0,0])
        base();

    translate([base_od/2+base_r+1,0,base_r])
        rotate(180,[1,0,0])
            translate([0,0,-holder_h])
                holder();

    translate([-arm_l/2,base_od/2+base_r+arm_t/2+2,arm_t/2])
        rotate(90,[0,1,0])
            translate([0,-base_od/2,0])
                arm();
    translate([-arm_l/2,-base_od/2-base_r-arm_t/2-2,arm_t/2])
        rotate(90,[0,1,0])
            translate([0,-base_od/2,0])
                arm();

}
if (part == "print") to_print();
```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to redesign a replacement scroll ring mechanism for my Kensington Expert Trackball Mouse, both the wired and wireless versions. I've already got a basic design going, but it's a bit clunky, and I want to make it fully parametric so I can tweak it easier. I'm going to be using OpenSCAD.

The basic idea is that the scroll ring spins on 4mm ball bearings, and I'm also adding an optional tactile feedback system that uses a 623ZZ bearing pressing against a wavy edge of the ring. I've included my current design (Component11.scad), though I'm hoping you can generate new designs based on this description.

Here’s a rundown of the key parts I’ll need, and some details on how they should work:

**Base Components (for all files):**
*   I'll need to parameterize overall dimensions like `length`, `width`, and `height` where it makes sense.

**Component 11 (Rubber Band Holder):**
*   This piece is primarily a simple rectangular shape.
*   It has a couple of small notches on one side that will hold a small rubber band in place.
*   I have a length parameter I'd like to use and will need to be adjustable from about 23mm to 70mm with 0.1 mm increments. Let's call this `length`
    *   There's a set of notches on one edge that act as hooks. These should always be located 4mm in from the edge on either side, and be 3mm deep, with a height of 2mm.
    *   The main straightaway of the piece is always 3.5mm deep.
    *   There are some additional, rounded features on the sides. One rounded section is .5 mm deep and 1mm high and the other is .5 mm deep and 3.5 mm high. Both use a cylinder with a radius of .5.
        * The higher rounded feature is shorter (length minus 4.5mm), and should not protrude from either face of the main straightaway. The lower one is length minus 1.5mm and should not protrude from either face of the main straightaway.
    *   There's also a rounded rectangular feature that should be 7mm long, 1mm high and .5mm deep. These should be located 8mm from the end of the piece.
    *   And there's another .5mm deep section that is 1.5mm tall with a length of 7mm, that runs along the very edge of the piece.
    *   There's a set of two cylinders with radius of 1 that are 12 mm high and 4mm high, that run parallel to the length axis. Their centers should be 1mm away from that side, in the vertical direction, and the 12mm one should start 7mm into the base of the piece. the short one should be aligned so it starts .5mm into the main rectangular base.
    *    There's also a 3x4x2mm block that joins the main rectangular section to the .5mm-deep rounded side section.

**Screw Mounts:**
*   There needs to be a difference() to remove material for the screw hole and screw head.
*   There is a 'hull' that forms the main structure of the mount.
    * Inside this hull, there should be an extruded cylinder with a radius of 3.5 and a height of 2. This should be located 1.5mm in the X direction, 9.8mm in the Y direction, and -2mm in the Z direction.
    *   There should also be a box, with a corner at 3.5,0,4.3 that is 2x2x9.
    *   There should be a cylinder with a .5 radius and a height of 3.5 which should be rotated 90 degrees on the Y axis and positioned -.5 in the X direction and .5 in the Y direction.
    *   There's also a box that should have an origin at 0, .5, 0 and a width of 3.5, a depth of 1.5 and a height of 2.
*   The material to be subtracted from the hull is made of two cylinders, both positioned at 1.5, 9.8, -1 and 1.5, 9.8, -2 and both rotated 90 degrees on the X axis. The first one has a radius of 2.5 and a height of 1 and the second one a radius of 1.5 and a height of 1.

I'd like this all to be done with a modular design if possible, meaning I'd love if it was easy to add additional modules in the future. And please use the `MCAD` library where appropriate.

Let me know what you think!

[Assistant]
Component11.scad:
```
length = 41; // [23:0.1:70]

// Bottom notch

translate ([0,4,0])
    cube ([12,3,2]);

translate ([15,4,0])
    cube ([length-16,3,2]);

// Main straightaway

translate ([0,.5,0])
    cube ([length-1,3.5,2]);

// Longest rounded edge

translate ([0,0,.5])
    cube ([length-1,.5,1]);

rotate([0,90,0])
    translate ([-1.5,.5,0])
    cylinder(h=length-1.5, r=.5, $fn=100);

rotate([0,90,0])
    translate ([-0.5,.5,3.5])
    cylinder(h=length-4.5, r=.5, $fn=100);

// Shortest rounded edge

translate ([length-8,-4,.5])
    cube ([7,1,1]);

rotate([0,90,0])
    translate ([-1.5,-3.5,length-8])
    cylinder(h=7, r=.5, $fn=100);

rotate([0,90,0])
    translate ([-0.5,-3.5,length-8])
    cylinder(h=7, r=.5, $fn=100);

// Remainder of small piece capping rubber bands in place

translate ([length-8,-5,0])
    cube ([7,1.5,2]);

// Long cylindrical edge

rotate([90,0,0])
    translate ([length-1,1,-7])
    cylinder (h=12, r=1, $fn=100);

// Short cylindrical edge

rotate([90,0,0])
    translate ([length-4,1,-.5])
    cylinder (h=4, r=1, $fn=100);

// Connective material between two pieces that sandwich rubber bands

translate ([length-4,-3.5,0])
    cube ([3,4,2]);

// Screw hole

difference(){

    hull(){

        difference() {
            rotate ([90,0,0])
            translate ([1.5,9.8,-2])
            cylinder (h=2, r=3.5, $fn=100);

            translate ([3.5,0,4.3])
            cube ([2,2,9]);
        }

        rotate([0,90,0])
            translate ([-0.5,.5,0])
            cylinder (h=3.5, r=.5, $fn=100);

        translate ([0,.5,0])
            cube ([3.5,1.5,2]);

    }

        rotate([90,0,0])
        translate ([1.5,9.8,-1])
        cylinder (h=1, r=2.5, $fn=100);

        rotate([90,0,0])
        translate ([1.5,9.8,-2])
        cylinder (h=1, r=1.5, $fn=100);

}

```


[User]
I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD design for a round object handle, similar to the attached file, but I want it to be fully customizable. I need it to be able to handle different object sizes, mounting hole configurations, and handle dimensions.

Here are the specific things I need to be able to control:

*   **Object Size:** I need to be able to define the size of the round object the handle is meant to attach to in two ways. First, by directly specifying the radius. Second, by specifying the chord length and arc height of the object, which the script should use to calculate the radius.

*   **Mounting Plate:** The mounting plate should have a customizable thickness. It should be designed to align with the circumference of the round object. I need to control the radius of the corners on the mounting plate, and I'd like it to have a bevel and round edge. The width and height should be automatically calculated based on either the handle width or mounting hole positions and number of holes.

*   **Mounting Holes:** I need to be able to specify the number of mounting holes (2, 3 or 4) and they can be placed in a single row, two rows, or a triangle configuration based on the number of mounting holes. I need to specify the diameter of the clearance hole and the diameter and depth of the counterbore (for bolt heads or nuts). The horizontal and vertical center to center distances between the holes should be adjustable as well as margin distance from edge of plate. The mounting holes should be aligned to the radius of the round object and optionally be teardrop holes.

*   **Handle:** The handle needs adjustable length, width, and thickness at both the mounting plate side and at the end of the handle. I'd like to be able to add an optional hanging hole. I also need control over the radius of the handle's corners and to have bevel and round edge on the handle.

I'd like all the dimensions to be configurable using variables and have the script calculate other variables to simplify usage such as inner and outer mounting plate radius. The provided file uses some advanced minkowski and hull techniques for some roundover features, and I'd like to see a similar approach if feasible. Finally, the counterbores in this file look a little unusual so I'd like to be sure the holes and counterbores are cylinders, and can have optionally teardrop holes. Please generate all the necessary .scad files - I don't expect any MCAD or other libraries to be needed, I'm looking for a self-contained design. Thanks!

[Assistant]
RoundObjectHandle.scad:
```
//// File: RoundObjectHandle.scad
//// Version: OpenSCAD 2015.03-2
//// Author: Kijja Chaovanakij
//// Date: 2020.3.03

$fn=60; //[60, 72, 90]

/*[object]*/
//display round object
displayObject=0; //[0:no, 1:yes]
//input radius of the object
inputType=1; //[1:by radius, 2:by chord and arc]
//object's radius[75]
radSize=75;
//chord length, to find the radius by the length of the chord and the height of the arc.[90]
chordLength=90;
//height of the arc from the center of the chord to the apex of the arc[15]
arcHeight=15;

/*[mounting hole]*/
//number of mounting hole
holeNumber=3; //[2:2-holes, 3:3-holes, 4:4-holes]
//clearance diameter of the mounting's hole[M3=3.3, M4=4.3]
holeDia=4.3;
//clearance hole counterbore(or nut) diameter[M3=6.5, M4=8.5]
HoleCounterboreDia=8.5;
//clearance hole counterbore(or nut) depth[3]
HoleCounterboreDepth=3;
//mounting hole margin[5]
holeMargin=5;
//horizontal distance between the mounting's hole[34]
holeHorC2C=34;
//vertical distance between the mounting's hole[12]
holeVerC2C=12;

/*[handle bar]*/
//width of the handle at the mounting plate[60/36]
handleBaseWidth=60;
//width of the handle at the end[48/24]
handleEndWidth=48;
//thickness of the handle at the mounting plate[8/12]
handleBaseThick=8;
//thickness of the handle at the end[5/9]
handleEndThick=5;
//length of the handle[28/150]
handleLenght=25;
//hanging diameter of the handle(0=no hole)[8]
handleHoleDia=8; //[0:1:12]
//corner's radius of the handle[6]
_handleCornerRad=6;

/*[mounting plate]*/
//thickness of the mounting plate[8]
plateThick=8;
//corner's radius of the mounting plate[2]
_plateCornerRad=2;

/*[Hidden]*/
//adjust handle's radius of the mounting plate
handleCornerRad=min(handleEndWidth/4, max(_handleCornerRad, 3));
//adjust corner's radius of the mounting plate
plateCornerRad=min(plateThick/3, max(_plateCornerRad, 1.5));
echo("handleCornerRad", handleCornerRad, "plateCornerRad", plateCornerRad);
//radius of the object
objectRad=(inputType==1) ? radSize : findRadius(chordLength, arcHeight);
//inner radius of the mounting plate
minkInnerRad=objectRad+plateCornerRad;
//outer radius of the mounting plate
minkOuterRad=objectRad+plateThick-plateCornerRad;
//width of the mounting plate
plateWidth=min(max(handleBaseWidth, holeHorC2C+holeDia+holeMargin*2), objectRad*2);
//height of the mounting plate
plateHeight=(holeNumber==2) ? (handleBaseThick+holeDia+holeMargin*2) : (handleBaseThick+holeDia+holeMargin*2+holeVerC2C);
echo("objectRad", objectRad, "plateWidth", plateWidth, "plateHeight", plateHeight);

//// main
  difference(){
    plate();
    mountingHole();
    if (displayObject == 1)
      #translate([0, -objectRad-0.1, 0])
      rotate_extrude()
      difference(){
        square([objectRad, plateHeight]);
        square([objectRad-3, plateHeight]);
      }//d
  }//d
  handle();
////end main

//module plate();
module plate(){
  translate([0, -objectRad]) //reference position
  minkowski(){
    linear_extrude(height=plateHeight/2)
    difference(){
      circle(r=minkOuterRad);
      circle(r=minkInnerRad);
      translate([0, -minkOuterRad])
        square(minkOuterRad*2, true);
      translate([plateWidth/2-plateCornerRad, 0])
        square(minkOuterRad);
      mirror([1, 0, 0])
      translate([plateWidth/2-plateCornerRad, 0])
        square(minkOuterRad);
      }//d
    bevelCylin(hi=plateHeight/2, rad=plateCornerRad, $fn=24);
  }//m
}//m
//

//mountingHole();
module mountingHole(){
  ep=0.2;
  angle=atan(holeHorC2C/2/objectRad);
  x1=(objectRad-ep)*sin(angle);
  y1=(objectRad-ep)*cos(angle);
  z1=plateHeight-handleBaseThick-holeMargin-holeDia/2;
  x2=(objectRad+plateThick-HoleCounterboreDepth)*sin(angle);
  y2=(objectRad+plateThick-HoleCounterboreDepth)*cos(angle);
  z2=holeMargin+holeDia/2;
  translate([0, -objectRad]){
    if (holeNumber >= 2 && holeNumber <= 4){
    //left hole
      translate([x1, y1, z1])
        rotate([-90, 0, -angle])
          vHole(hi=plateThick, dia=holeDia);
      translate([x2, y2, z1])
        rotate([-90, 0, -angle])
          vHole(hi=HoleCounterboreDepth,
                dia=HoleCounterboreDia);
    //right hole
      translate([-x1, y1, z1])
        rotate([-90, 0, angle])
          vHole(hi=plateThick, dia=holeDia);
      translate([-x2, y2, z1])
        rotate([-90, 0, angle])
          vHole(hi=HoleCounterboreDepth,
                dia=HoleCounterboreDia);
    }//i
    if (holeNumber == 3){
    //center hole
      translate([0, objectRad-ep, z2])
        rotate([-90, 0, 0])
          vHole(hi=plateThick, dia=holeDia);
      translate([0, objectRad+plateThick-HoleCounterboreDepth, z2])
        rotate([-90, 0, 0])
          vHole(hi=HoleCounterboreDepth,
                dia=HoleCounterboreDia);
    }//i
    if (holeNumber == 4){
    //left hole
      translate([x1, y1, z2])
        rotate([-90, 0, -angle])
          vHole(hi=plateThick, dia=holeDia);
      translate([x2, y2, z2])
        rotate([-90, 0, -angle])
          vHole(hi=HoleCounterboreDepth,
                dia=HoleCounterboreDia);
    //right hole
      translate([-x1, y1, z2])
        rotate([-90, 0, angle])
          vHole(hi=plateThick, dia=holeDia);
      translate([-x2, y2, z2])
        rotate([-90, 0, angle])
          vHole(hi=HoleCounterboreDepth,
                dia=HoleCounterboreDia);
    }//i
  }//t
}//m
//

//handle();
module handle(){
  ep=0.1;
  difference(){
    hull(){
      translate([0, handleLenght+plateThick-handleCornerRad, plateHeight-handleEndThick])
        twinBevelCylin(hi=handleEndThick, rad=handleCornerRad, e2e=handleEndWidth, $fn=48);
      translate([0, plateThick+handleCornerRad/2, plateHeight-handleBaseThick])
        twinBevelCylin(hi=handleBaseThick, rad=handleCornerRad/2, e2e=handleBaseWidth, $fn=24);
      translate([0, -plateThick-handleCornerRad/2, plateHeight-handleBaseThick])
        twinBevelCylin(hi=handleBaseThick, rad=handleCornerRad/2, e2e=handleBaseWidth, $fn=24);
    }//h
    translate([0, handleLenght+plateThick-handleCornerRad-handleHoleDia, 0])
      cylinder(h=plateHeight+ep, d=handleHoleDia, $fn=24);
    translate([0, -objectRad, 0])
      cylinder(h=plateHeight+ep, r=objectRad+plateThick/2, $fn=24);
  }//d
}//m
//

//twinBevelCylin();
module twinBevelCylin(hi=10, rad=4, bbevel=1, tbevel=1.2, e2e=12){
  for (i=[e2e/2-rad, -e2e/2+rad])
    translate([i, 0, 0])
      bevelCylin(hi, rad, bbevel, tbevel);
}//m
//

//bevelCylin();
module bevelCylin(hi=10, rad=4, bbevel=1, tbevel=1.2){
  rotate_extrude()
  difference(){
    square([rad, hi]);
    if (bbevel>0)
      translate([rad, 0])
      rotate([0, 0, 45])
        square(bbevel*sqrt(2), true);
    if (tbevel>0)
      translate([rad, hi])
      rotate([0, 0, 45])
        square(tbevel*sqrt(2), true);
  }//d
}//m
//

//vHole();
module vHole(hi=10, dia=4, offset=0.6, cen=false){
  $fn=24;
  rotate([0, 0, 0])
  hull(){
    cylinder(h=hi, d=dia, center=cen);
    translate([0, dia/2+offset])
      cylinder(h=hi, d=0.01, center=cen);
  }//h
}//m
//

function findRadius(chordLen, arcHi)=(pow(chordLen/2, 2)+pow(arcHi, 2))/(arcHi*2);

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a customizable stepper motor mount in OpenSCAD, and I'd like your help. It needs to be able to support multiple NEMA 17 motors side-by-side, and be able to attach to a V-slot extrusion using T-nuts.

Here's what I'm thinking for the design:

*   **Multiple Motors:** The design needs to be parametric in the number of motors. I'd like to be able to specify how many motors I'll be mounting, let's call that `motors`.
*   **Motor Spacing:** I need to be able to control the spacing between motor mounts. I should be able to specify this gap in millimeters, let's call that `gap`. It should default to 0 if I don't want any gap and I need it to support 25mm and higher.
*   **Screw Holes:** I need screw holes for attaching the motors and mounting to the base. I need to be able to adjust the size of the screw holes. Let's call this `hole_size` in mm.

For the individual motor mount part:

*   It needs to have holes for mounting the motor, and the holes need to be centered.
*   I also need some base mounting holes so that I can attach the whole thing to the V-slot. These mounting holes should be placed such that they allow for using t-nuts.
*   The design should be parametric so that the mounts can be tiled, so I can put an arbitrary number of motor mounts adjacent to one another. The base should extend to accommodate this.
*   It needs to be parametric so that the individual mounts can optionally have screw holes for stability between mounts.

I'd like it if the file(s) were well-commented to make it easier to understand the code.

It looks like I'll need some basic shapes, and I'm not sure exactly how to accomplish the tiling or the screw holes. I think that's everything, thanks!

[Assistant]
stepper_mount.scad:
```
//!OpenSCAD
// Number of motors
motors = 1; // [1:1:25]
// Distance between motor mounts
gap = 25; // [0:No Gap, 25:25mm Gap]
// Size of screw holes in mm
hole_size = 3.5; // [3:0.1:5]

build();

module build(){
    base();
    translate([15,0,0])for(x=[0:motors-1]){
        difference(){
            translate([(gap+47)*x,0,0])frame();
            translate([(gap+47)*x,0,0])holes();
        }
    }
}
module base(){
    difference(){
        cube([30+47*motors+3+gap*(motors-1),20,5]);
        translate([7.5,10,0])cylinder($fn=32,r=hole_size/2,h=7);
        translate([30+47*motors-4.5+gap*(motors-1),10,0])cylinder($fn=32,r=hole_size/2,h=7);
        if(gap>=25 && motors>1){
            for(x=[1:motors-1]){
                translate([-8.5+(gap/2)+(gap+47)*x,10,0])cylinder($fn=32,r=hole_size/2,h=7);
            }
        }
    }
}
module frame(){
    difference(){
        translate([0,0,5])cube([50,20,47]);
        translate([3,2,5])cube([44,20,48]);
        translate([-0.1,0.85 ,55])rotate([-69.04,0,0])cube(100);
    }
}
module holes(){
    translate([25,3,28.5])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder($fn=128, r=12, h=7);
    translate([9.5,3,44])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder($fn=32, r=hole_size/2, h=7);
    translate([9.5,3,13])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder($fn=32, r=hole_size/2, h=7);
    translate([40.5,3,13])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder($fn=32, r=hole_size/2, h=7);
    translate([40.5,3,44])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder($fn=32, r=hole_size/2, h=7);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to make a custom money sock, like a little wooden piggy bank that you clip onto a sock, but 3D printed. I've already got a basic design that I made, but I want it to be parametric so I can easily change the text, size, etc. I'd really like to be able to change the text lines, font, font size, and rotation angle.

My current design has two lines of text, "Cristina's" and "Sparstrumpf" in a bold italic Comic Sans font rotated 15 degrees, with a size of 8.

The base sock clip should be a cube with a slot to fit a 2 Euro coin.  The slot should be 37x5mm.  The outer diameter of the disc should be 58mm, and be intended to fit socks of EU size 86-92.  I would also like the ability to adjust the base cube and circular slot dimensions, and the overall thickness of the money sock.

I’m envisioning the sock clip to have a base cube with the slot and a disc on top for the text. The text should be on top of a flat circular section, and that disc should have a cut out so it can clip onto the sock. The cut out has to be such that it doesn't interfere with the coin insertion or text rendering. The overall design should look similar to my existing file, but everything needs to be variable.

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file that lets me modify all those things? I'm not experienced with OpenSCAD, so something that is commented would be great! I don't use any particular libraries either, so feel free to utilize whatever is necessary.

[Assistant]
Money_sock.scad:
```
/* [Words to be written] */
//  Text line 1
content1 = "Cristina's";
//  Text Line 2
content2 = "Sparstrumpf";
/* [Height and Angle] */
//  Font and style
font_style = "Comic Sans MS:style=Bold Italic";
//  Text height
font_size = 8;
//  Text rotation
angle = 15;

// preview[view:east, tilt:top]

money_sock();

module money_sock() {
    rotate([0,0,90])
    translate([-38,-60,0]) {
difference() {
    cube([76,120,5]);
    translate([38,109,-0.1])
       cylinder(h=5.2,r=3);
    translate([38,85,3])
       rotate([0,0,angle]) {
       linear_extrude(height = 2.1) {
       text(content1, font = font_style, size = font_size, halign = "center");
                }
                }
    translate([38,85-font_size-1,3])
       rotate([0,0,angle])
       linear_extrude(height = 2.1) {
       text(content2, font = font_style, size = font_size, halign = "center");
                }
    }
difference() {
    translate([0,27,0])
       cube([76,8,70]) ;
    rotate([90,0,0])
       translate([38,37.5,-35.1])
       cylinder(h=8.2,r=24.2);
    rotate([90,0,0])
       translate([38,37.5,-35.1])
       cylinder(h=3.1,r1=28,r2=24.2);
    translate([0,31,70])
       rotate([0,-45,0])
       cube([20,8.2,20],true);
    translate([76,31,70])
       rotate([0,-45,0])
       cube([20,8.2,20],true);
    }
    }
}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable vase-like object with a few parameters. It should have a cylindrical base that narrows a bit towards the top, and I want to be able to control the height, width, and base diameter. The narrowing should be smooth, not stepped. I’d also like a way to adjust the “neck” height, which will control how high up the cylinder starts narrowing.

The overall shape should be a cylinder which gets sculpted out using a series of cuts. The cuts should be made by a rotating 3d shape with a cuboid cross section which is rotated around the Z axis (the vertical axis) and stepped vertically. This 3d shape should hug the radius of the cylinder in question at each cut.

The specific parameters I want to control are:

*   **Height:** The overall height of the vase.
*   **Width:** The maximum width of the vase's cylindrical portion.
*  **Base:** The diameter of the base cylinder.
*   **Neck:** The neck length is a percentage controlling where the narrowing of the main cylinder begins, a value of 0 means the neck takes the full height, 100 means the cylinder is not narrowed.
*   **Polygons:** The number of polygons used to define the base cylinder's roundness, and that is used to make the cuts.
*   **Slice:** The vertical distance between the cutting shapes used to create the narrowing.
*   **Twist:** The amount of vertical twist applied to the cutting shapes. Positive numbers for a clockwise rotation, negative numbers for a counterclockwise one.
*   **Amp**: A parameter that will affect how aggressively the cutting shapes narrow the cylinder. A low value will make cuts that barely touch the cylinder, and higher values will cut deeper into the material.

I don't need any specific patterns, and would like to avoid using any libraries. Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
test_customizer.scad:
```
// Big Height number generates error. Default:60
Height=60; // [20:300]
Width=55; // [10:150]
// Base have to be less than Width
Base=30; // [10:150]
//Short or Long neck in percents. Try min/max.
Neck=40; // [0:10:80]
// Lot of polygons generates error. Default: 32
Polygons=32; // [16:16:160]
// Try increase slice height, for example (Height+Polygons)/10
Slice=8; // [1:1:30]
//Pattern="none"; //["none","sine","square","triangle","custom"]
///* [Custom Pattern] */
//Pattern1=0;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern2=-1;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern3=-5;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern4=-6;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern5=-5;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern6=-4;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern7=-5;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern8=-6;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern9=-5;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern10=-1; // [-10:10]
//Pattern11=0;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern12=0;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern13=0;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern14=0;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern15=0;  // [-10:10]
//Pattern16=0;  // [-10:10]

/* [Hidden] */
Twist=0; // [-2:.05:2]
Amp=5; // [1:10]
t=Twist;
h=round((1.25-Neck/100*.17647)*Height);
w=Width;
b=Base;
m=Width/2-b/2;
s=Slice;
r=[for(i=[0:s:h]) (b+round(m*sin(i/h*360)))];
p=Polygons;

module Obj() {
difference(){
cylinder(Height+1,w/2+1,w/2+1,$fn=p);
translate([0,0,-1])cylinder(2,b/3,b/3,$fn=p);
}
}
//if(Pattern=="none"){pt=[for(i=[0:15]) 0];}
//if(Pattern=="sine"){pt=[for(i=[0:15]) sin(i*22.5)];}
//if(Pattern=="square"){pt=[for(i=[0:15]) ((i<8)?0:1)];}
//if(Pattern=="triangle"){pt=[for(i=[0:15]) ((i<8)?i/8:(15-i)/8)];}
//if(Pattern=="custom")pt=[for(i=[0:15]) Patt[i]];

//coords = concat([[0,0,0]],
//[for(v=[0:Height/s])for(a=[0:p/16-1])for(b=[0:15])
//   [(r[v]*(1+Amp*pt[b]))*sin(((t==0)?1:sign(t))*(16*a+b)*(360/p)+t*v),
//    (r[v]*(1+Amp*pt[b]))*cos(((t==0)?1:sign(t))*(16*a+b)*(360/p)+t*v), v*s]
//,[0,0,s*floor(Height/s)]
//]);

//echo(h%s);

color("gold")difference(){
Obj();
for(j=[0:h/s-1])
for(i=[0:360/p:360-360/p])rotate(i)
translate([r[j]/2,0,s*j-s/2+(h%s)/2])
hull(){hull(){
    scale([1,1,.1])
    translate([-1,-r[j]*3.14/p/2,0])rotate([0,45,0])cube([1,r[j]*3.14/p,1]);
    translate([r[j+1]/2-r[j]/2,0,s])
    scale([1,1,.1])
    translate([-1,-r[j+1]*3.14/p/2,0])rotate([0,45,0])cube([1,r[j+1]*3.14/p,1]);
   }
       translate([w/2,-w*3.14/p/2,-w/2])cube([1,2*w*3.14/p,s+w]);}
}

//y_ang=-35;
//mrot_y = [ [ cos(y_ang), 0,  sin(y_ang), 0],
//           [         0,  1,           0, 0],
//           [-sin(y_ang), 0,  cos(y_ang), 0],
//           [         0,  0,           0, 1]
//         ];
//mtrans_x = [ [1, 0, 0, 40],
//             [0, 1, 0,  0],
//             [0, 0, 1,  0],
//             [0, 0, 0,  1]
//           ];
//
//
//
//multmatrix(mtrans_x) Obj();
//multmatrix(mrot_y * mtrans_x) Obj();
```