[User]
Hey, I'm working on a project where I need to bend some flat aluminum stock into a circle. I'm envisioning a 3D printed jig to help me with this. I've got some basic requirements, but I'd like it to be parametric so I can adjust it for different circle sizes.

Essentially, I need a two-part jig that clamps onto the aluminum and forces it into a curve. The first part is a U-shape that defines the outer curve, and the second part fits inside the U-shape, creating a defined bending channel. The aluminum stock will sit in that channel and get bent around by the radius.

Here are the specifics I'm thinking:

*   **Radius (outer):** I want to be able to set the outer radius of the circle I want to form.
*   **Thickness:** The thickness of the aluminum stock.
*   **Height:** The height of the jig parts (how far they extend up from the flat side).
*   **Padding:** I need some padding on the ends to ensure I have enough material to bend.
*   **Space:** There should be some space between the two parts of the jig to accommodate the stock.
*   **Max Dimensions:** Maximum width and length for the bed of my 3D printer.

So, I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD file that lets me specify these values, and generates both the U-shaped part and the D-shaped part, ready for 3D printing. I'm not really too picky on the overall shape of the bending part, as long as it will function properly.

I don't need any special libraries for this, I don't think - just the basic OpenSCAD functions.

[Assistant]
ring_former.scad:
```
// Former height
height = 20;
// Outer radius
radius = 100;
// Material thickness
thickness = 2;
// Maximal bed width
maxWidth = 200;
// Maximal bed length
maxLength = 200;
// The padding of the parts
padding = 15;
// space between the parts, added to thickness
space = 3;

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 360;

// calculated
radiusInner = radius - thickness;
segmentHeight = radiusInner - sqrt((radiusInner * radiusInner) - (radiusInner/2) * (radiusInner/2));

intersection() {
    union() {
        // The U shaped part
        difference() {
            translate([-radiusInner / 2, 0, height / 2])
                cube([radiusInner, radiusInner, height], center=true);

            translate([thickness + padding, 0, -1])
                cylinder(r=radius, h=height + 2);
        }

        // The D shaped part
        intersection() {
            translate([thickness + padding + space, 0, 0])
                cylinder(r=radiusInner, h=height);

            translate([-segmentHeight / 2 + padding / 2- radiusInner + segmentHeight + padding + thickness + space, 0, height / 2])
                cube([segmentHeight + padding
            , radiusInner, height], center=true);

        }
    }

    translate([-radiusInner + padding *2, 0, 0])
        cube([maxWidth, maxLength, height], center=true);
}
```


[User]
I need a custom spool holder for my 3D printer. I've been using a design from Thingiverse, but it's for spools with a much larger center hole. My current spools have a 30mm diameter hole, and are about 85mm wide.

I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD design where I can easily adjust the diameter and length of the rod that holds the spool. The main body of the holder should be relatively thin and compact.

Could you create that for me? I'd like to be able to change:

*   The diameter of the rod that the spool sits on.
*   The length of that rod.

I want something simple and functional, not overly complex. I don't have any preference for the style of mounting the holder - I just need a base that can sit on a flat surface.

Also, I think a small lip at the end of the rod is a good idea to keep the spool from sliding off.

[Assistant]
r5_spool_holder.scad:
```

// diameter of the rod
d=28;
// length of the rod
l=90;

difference() {
	union() {
		cube([50,5,d]);
		cube([10,9,d]);
		translate([0,6,0]) {
			cube([63,3,d]);
		}
	    difference() {
		    union() {
				translate([63,8,d/2]) {
					rotate([-90,0,0]) {
						cylinder(r=d/2, h=l+1+2, $fn=100);
					}
				}
				translate([61,9+l,d/2]) {
					rotate([-90,0,0]) {
						cylinder(r=d/2, h=2);
					}
				}
			}
			translate([63,3,d/2]) {
				rotate([-90,0,0]) {
					cylinder(r=d/2-9, h=l+1+2+10, $fn=100);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	translate([63,7,-1]) {
		cube([d/2,l+9+2+10,d+2]);
	}
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric bed nut holder for my 3D printer. It needs to work with an X-shaped bed mount like the ones used on some Prusa-style printers – I can send you a picture if needed but I think the one on this link is pretty standard: http://www.replikeo.com/sites/default/files/img_2792.jpg

The idea is that this piece will sit *under* the bed mount and trap a nut so I can adjust the bed level from underneath with one hand, while the other hand tests the nozzle height with paper. It should be suitable for laser cutting, and I want it to be able to handle different sized nuts and bed mount arm thicknesses.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm thinking:

*   **Overall Shape:**  The basic shape should be a rectangular prism with rounded edges. This will essentially be the main body of the holder.
*   **Nut Trap:** Inside this body, there needs to be a cavity that securely holds the nut. This cavity should be designed to fit a standard M3 nut, but it should be customizable for other sizes using parameters.  The cavity should be shaped using minkowski sum of a cube and a cylinder so it has rounded corners. I also want a smaller hole going down the center from the top of this cavity, through the bottom to give enough clearance for the screw.
*   **Bed Mount Clearance:** There needs to be a cutout on top of the body that fits the bed mount arm that it is attaching to. This cutout should be rectangular with rounded edges, and allow to account for different thicknesses of the arms. I also want the thickness of the holder body to be adjustable.
*   **Parametric Design:** I'd like to be able to change the width, length, and thickness of the overall body, the nut cavity dimensions (for various nut sizes), the depth and width of the mounting arm cutout, and of course the diameter of the center hole.

I think that covers it. Can you generate the OpenSCAD files for this? No need to create files for used libraries, but please specify what libraries you will be using. Thanks!

[Assistant]
bed_nut.scad:
```
wd=10;
offsetx=0;
offsety=0;

difference()
{
    minkowski(){
    cube([wd,5,5.],center=true);
    cylinder(d=5,h=5,center=true);
    }
    translate([offsetx,offsety,-5]) color([0.1,0.4,0.4]) cylinder(r=3,h=4,$fn=6,center=true);
    translate([offsetx,offsety,-5]) color([0.1,0.4,0.4]) cylinder(d=3.5,h=15,$fn=50,center=true);
    translate([0,0,5]) color([0.4,0.1,0.9]) cube([wd,30,10],center=true);
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric stand for phones, tablets, and other similar devices. I want it to be a simple, inverted V-shape, with a slot in each side to hold the device.

Here's what I'm looking for in the design:

*   **Overall Shape:** It should be an inverted V, essentially two angled plates connected by a slot.
*   **Parametric Design:** I need to be able to customize it through parameters that define:
    *   `Stand_width`: The overall width of the stand (how wide the device rests)
    *   `Stand_height`: The overall height of the stand
    *   `Slot_depth`: The thickness of the slot (how deep the device is)
    *   `Front_rake`: The angle of the front plate in degrees (90 would be vertical)
    *   `Rear_rake`: The angle of the rear plate in degrees (90 would be vertical)
*   **Slot Design:** The slot needs to be a simple cylindrical cutout (or something very similar, to keep it printable) in each side, with rounded edges. It should be centered on the height of the plate.
*   **Rounded Edges:**  The top edges of the stand plates should be nicely rounded.

I'd like the code to be well-organized and easy to understand. Also it should be simple enough to be fully parametric and reasonably fast to render. The code should use a module called `position` with optional `translate`, `rotate`, `mirror`, and `colour` parameters. I'd like to be able to print the stand and preview it, and when previewing, I'd like the stand to be rotated by [90, 0, 45] and also translated such that it's raised to the top of the object. When printing, I do not need to rotate or translate it.

Please generate the required OpenSCAD file(s) - I don't have any code I'm starting with except my description here. I am not using any specific libraries such as MCAD, BOSL, or anything like that.

[Assistant]
Customizable_QP056_smartphone_tablet_stand.scad:
```
// Thingiverse customizer parameters

// How wide?
Stand_width = 85;					// [50: Narrow (50mm - e.g. phone), 85: Default (85mm - e.g. tablet or large phone), 120: Wide (120mm - e.g. small mammal)

// How tall?
Stand_height = 75;					// [65: Short (65mm), 75: Default (75mm), 95: Tall (95mm)

// How thick is your device (in mm)?
Slot_depth = 16;					// [5: 30]

// Angle in degrees (90 = vertical)
Front_rake = 75;					// [15: 5: 90]

// Angle in degrees (90 = vertical)
Rear_rake = 60;					// [15: 5: 90]

//use <../OpenSCAD_lib/common.scad>;
module position(translate = [], rotate = [], mirror = [0, 0, 0], colour)
{
	for (i = [0 : $children-1])
		translate(translate)
			rotate(rotate)
				mirror(mirror)
					if (colour == undef)
						children(i);
					else
						color(colour)
							children(i);
}

$fn = 25;
ff = 0.05;

def_width = Stand_width;
def_height = Stand_height;
def_slot_width = Slot_depth;
def_angle1 = Front_rake;
def_angle2 = Rear_rake;

def_ww = 2.0;

if (1)
	print();
else
	preview();

function default_if_undef(variable, default) =
	variable == undef ? default : variable;

module print()
{
	stand();
}

module preview()
{
	position(
		colour = "lightblue",
		rotate = [90, 0, 45],
		translate = [0, 0, def_height])
		stand();
}

module stand(width, height, slot_width, angle1, angle2, wall_width)
{
	width = (width == undef ? def_width : width);
	height = (height == undef ? def_height : height);
	slot_width = (slot_width == undef ? def_slot_width : slot_width);
	angle1 = (angle1 == undef ? def_angle1 : angle1);
	angle2 = (angle2 == undef ? def_angle2 : angle2);
	wall_width = (wall_width == undef ? def_ww : wall_width);

	echo(str("QP056 ", width, "Wx", height,"H stand"));

	slot_ext = slot_width + 2*wall_width;

	side1_plate = (
		height									// total height
		- wall_width/2							// rounded top
		- (slot_ext/2 - (slot_ext/2) * sin(90-angle1))		// rounded bottom
		) / sin(angle1);

	side2_plate = (
		height									// total height
		- wall_width/2							// rounded top
		- (slot_ext/2 - (slot_ext/2) * sin(90-angle2))	// rounded bottom
		) / sin(angle2);

	position(
		rotate = [0, 0, 90 - angle1],
		translate = [])
			side(width = width, plate_length = side1_plate, slot_width = slot_width, wall_width = wall_width);

	position(
		mirror = [1, 0, 0],
		rotate = [0, 0, -90 + angle2],
		translate = [])
			side(width = width, plate_length = side2_plate, slot_width = slot_width, wall_width = wall_width);

}

module side(width, plate_length, slot_width, wall_width)
{
	slot_ext = slot_width + 2*wall_width;

	// slot
	translate([(slot_width + wall_width)/2, -plate_length, 0])
		difference()
		{
			// slot - external perimeter
			cylinder(h = width, r = slot_ext/2);

			// slot - internal perimiter
			translate([0, 0, -ff/2])
				cylinder(h = width + ff, r = slot_width/2);

			// mask
			translate([-(slot_ext + ff)/2, 0, -ff/2])
				cube([slot_ext + ff, slot_ext + ff, width+ff]);

			// slot bevel
			position(
				rotate = [0, 0, -30],
				translate = [0, 0, -ff/2])
				cube([slot_ext + ff, slot_ext + ff, width+ff]);
		}

	// main plate
	translate([-wall_width/2, -plate_length, 0])
		cube([wall_width, plate_length, width]);

	// rounded top
	cylinder(h = width, r = wall_width/2);
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to design a replacement part for my old swimming goggles, the bit that goes over your nose. I've got a basic design in OpenSCAD already but I'd like a version that's more flexible and customizable, so I'm hoping you can help me with a parametric design.

Here's what the current model looks like: It's basically a flat, rectangular piece with two smaller rectangular tabs sticking out from the center on either side, and those tabs have angled cuts on them to fit into the goggle's frame. I can give you some dimensions from my existing code, but ideally, these should be parameters:

*   `a`: the total length of the main rectangular piece
*   `b`: the width of the main rectangle and the tabs
*   `c`: the thickness of the main rectangle
*   `d`: the length of each tab
*   `e`: the thickness of the tap valley
*   `f`: the height of the tap

The tabs are positioned symmetrically, and there are four angled cuts on each side of the tab - at 0, 5, 10, and 15mm from the center of the whole piece.

I’d like the final design to be fully parametric, so that I can easily adjust the overall size, the tab length, the depth of the angled cuts, and so on. I want to make sure that I could adjust the angle of the cut itself, as well as the distance between each cut - this can be defined as the center of rotation. Also, I'm thinking it would be useful to define the width of the cuts themselves as well as their length (the depth).

I also want to be able to adjust the number of angled cuts, so that if I wanted, I could use less or more cuts on each tab.

I don't have any particular preference for libraries or anything, so I'm happy for you to generate the whole file from scratch. Let me know if you need any other info.

[Assistant]
gogglejoiner.scad:
```
//length of whole
a = 58.0;

//width of whole
b =  6.1;

//middle part thickness
c =  1.0;

//length of middle section
d = 18.0;

//tap valley thickness
e =  1.5;

//height of taps
f =  2.7;

difference() {
	union() {
		translate([0, 0, c/2])
		cube([a, b, c], center=true);

		for(m = [0, 1])
		mirror([m, 0, 0])
		translate([a/2-d/2, 0, f/2])
		cube([d, b, f], center=true);
	} //union

	for(m = [0, 1])
	mirror([m, 0, 0])
	for(g = [0, 5, 10, 15])
	translate([a/2-g, 0, 0])
	union() {
		translate([0, -b/2-1, f-(f-e)])
		cube([2, b+2, f-e+1], center=false);

		translate([0, -b/2-1, f-(f-e)])
		rotate([0, -59, 0])
		cube([2, b+2, 10], center=false);
	}
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to design a parametric 3D printable spacer for beehive frames. I've seen some designs out there, but they don't all seem to account for the proper "beespace." I want a spacer that ensures the correct beespace between frames, and I want it to be customizable for different frame widths and material thicknesses.

Essentially, the spacer will fit onto the side of a beehive frame, creating a consistent gap when multiple frames are placed next to each other in the hive. The main body of the spacer will be a U-shape that wraps around the edge of the frame. Then, it will have a small "nipple" protruding out that sits against the next frame.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I'd like to be able to adjust:

*   **`frame_width`**: This is the width of the frame itself, usually either 25mm or 28mm.
*   **`frame_wood_thickness`**: The thickness of the wood that makes up the frame, generally around 8-10mm.
*   **`spacer_height`**: The overall height of the spacer, I found 5mm works well for the purpose.
*   **`spacer_overhang`**: The length of the "holding clip" part of the U-shape that grabs onto the inner side of the frame, I usually set this to 2mm.
*   **`material_thickness`**: The thickness of the spacer itself, basically how thick the 3D printed plastic will be. It needs to be thick enough for strength, but not so thick that it's inflexible, so maybe something like 1.5 mm is a good starting point.
*   **`beespace`**: This is the crucial parameter - it's the space between the frames, and should be 8mm for a 28mm frame width. It needs to be adjustable for different frame widths.
*    **`nipple_thickness`**: The thickness of the nipple that sits between the frames when looking at it from the front of the frame, maybe 3-4mm should do.

I think that's everything, it's basically a simple design with a few customizable dimensions. It seems like it might be best to use OpenSCAD so it's easy to adjust the measurements later on. Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for me? I'm not planning to use any libraries, so it should be possible with just the built-in OpenSCAD functions.

[Assistant]
Frame_Spacer.scad:
```
frame_width = 28; // Width of frame if looked from the size (normally 25mm or 28mm)
frame_wood_thickness = 10; // Width of frame if looked from the front (normally 8 to 10mm)
spacer_height = 5; // Overall height of spacer (5mm worked good)
spacer_overhang = 2; // Length of "holding clip" to securly attach the spacer at the inner side of the frame
material_thickness = 1.5; // Thickness of spacer (the thicker the stronger (but less flexibel))
beespace = 8; // Normally 8mm (for a frame that has a width of 28mm) -> Change accordingly if you use other frame widths or different beespaces
nipple_thickness = 4; // Witdh of spacer nipple if looked from the front (3-4 mm have been useful)

/* [Hidden] */
//production_variance = 0.1; //not used so far
padding = 0.1; //do not change (used to eliminate zero space surfaces)
$fa=0.5;
$fs=0.5;

module framespacer (){

difference (){
    cube ([frame_width+(2*material_thickness), spacer_height, frame_wood_thickness+(2*material_thickness)]);

    translate ([material_thickness,-padding,material_thickness]) cube([frame_width,spacer_height+(2*padding),frame_wood_thickness]);
    translate ([material_thickness+spacer_overhang,-padding,material_thickness+frame_wood_thickness-padding]) cube([frame_width-(2*spacer_overhang),spacer_height+(2*padding),2*material_thickness]);
  }
   union () {
    translate ([frame_width+(2*material_thickness), 0, (((2*material_thickness)+frame_wood_thickness)/2)-(nipple_thickness/2)]) cube([beespace-material_thickness,spacer_height,nipple_thickness]);
    }

}

framespacer();

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric pinecone model in OpenSCAD. I've been playing around with some concepts based on Fibonacci spirals, but I want to start fresh with a clear set of parameters. I'd like to be able to control the following aspects:

**Overall Pinecone Shape:**

*   **Height:** The total height of the pinecone.
*   **Number of Layers/Rings:** This should be a configurable value, instead of being inferred from the total number of leaves as it appears in the example code. The number of layers should determine the number of times the 'spiral' repeats before finishing.
*   **Base Radius:** The radius of the pinecone at its base. This should also be something that can be configured, perhaps in relation to a leaf parameter.
*   **Tip Radius:** The radius of the pinecone at its very top - this should likely be 0 or close to it.
*    **Overall Taper:** The general shape, or the relationship between the base radius and tip radius, should be configurable.

**Leaf Design:**

*   **Leaf Base Length:**  The length of the base part of each leaf (before the tip).
*   **Leaf Base Thickness:** How thick the main section of each leaf is.
*   **Leaf Shape:** The number of sides for each leaf -- make it a cylinder instead of polygon?
*   **Leaf Tip Length:**  How long the pointed tip of the leaf is.
*    **Leaf Tip Taper:** How much the tip of each leaf is tapered, relative to the base of the leaf.
*   **Leaf Angle:** An upward angle of the leaf for printability (like what's in the example, but it should be controllable).
*   **Leaf Start Height:** Each leaf should not always start at the base; being able to define the overall "starting point" of a leaf, relative to the overall height of the pinecone, could be helpful.
*   **Leaf Width:** The overall width of each leaf (this should be modifiable by a scalar, or as a base width, with a scalar applied to each leaf).
*   **Leaf Height:** The overall height of each leaf (this should be modifiable by a scalar, or as a base height, with a scalar applied to each leaf).

**Leaf Distribution:**

*  **Spiral Angle:** The angle between leaves that create the spiral patterns of the pinecone (e.g. Phi = 137.5 degrees). Should be a parameter.
*   **Leaves Per Layer:**  The number of leaves in each layer (this should also be configurable)
*   **Leaf Scaling:**  How the leaves scale in size as they move up the pinecone. I'd like to have control over this with a few parameters such as:
    *   **Base Size Scalar:** The base size of the leaves (relative to the "base size" parameters)
    *   **Vertical Size Scalar:** The way that the leaves decrease (or increase) in size, relative to vertical position.

I'd like to be able to independently control each of these values. The goal is to generate a pinecone with varying shapes, leaf sizes, and overall appearances using these parameters.

I think it would be good to have the leaves as cylinders, instead of polygons, so it should be a cylindrical shape with a tapered base and tip.

Could you create a parametric OpenSCAD file that implements these parameters? I'm also interested in seeing the individual functions you're using, as I would like to reuse some of this code, if possible, in other projects. I don't need you to include any libraries or extra features.

[Assistant]
pinecone.scad:
```

/* [leaf] */
// (Total leaves that make up a pinecone) :
totalLeafs = 150; // [10:400]

// (Average length of each leaf) :
leafBaseLength = 60; // [10:200]

// (Average thichkness of each leaf) :
leafThickness = 5; // [2:10]

// (Shape of leaf) :
leafSides = 4; // [3:6]

// (Spikiness of leaf) :
leafSpikiness = 8; // [0:20]

// (Upwards angle of leaf for printability) :
leafGrade = 30;  // [0:80]

/* [pinecone] */

// (Overall height of pinecone) :
pineConeHeight = 120; // [10:300]

// (Spiraling angle between leaf (Phi = 137.5, Lucas = 100.0) ) :
angleBetweenLeafs = 137.5;

// layer
module layer(segments) {

    union () {

        // Overall height of pinecone
        pineConeBase = leafBaseLength*0.15;
        cylinder(h = pineConeHeight, r1 = pineConeBase, r2 = 2, $fn=leafSides);
        cylinder(h = pineConeHeight*0.1, r1 = (pineConeBase+4), r2 = 0, $fn=leafSides);

        for ( i = [0 : segments] ) {

            seedNormal = (i/(segments-1));
            inverseSeedNormal = ((1-seedNormal) >.3) ? ((1-seedNormal)) : (.3);
            sinusoidalNormal = sin(seedNormal*90);
            inverseSinusoidalNormal = 1-sinusoidalNormal;

            baseTaper = .1;
            bottomLeafScalar = (seedNormal<baseTaper) ? (( seedNormal/baseTaper)*0.75+0.25 ) : 1;

            sizeScalar = bottomLeafScalar*inverseSeedNormal*leafThickness;

            leafWidth = 3*sizeScalar;
            leafHeight = 2*sizeScalar;

            leafBaseLengthCalculated = bottomLeafScalar*(leafBaseLength - (seedNormal*leafBaseLength));
            leafOffsetFromCenter = 0;
            leafTipLengthCalculated = leafSpikiness*inverseSeedNormal;
            leafHeightOffset = sinusoidalNormal*-pineConeHeight;

            rotate([0,0,0])
            rotate([0,90,0])
            rotate([i*angleBetweenLeafs ,0,0])
            translate([leafHeightOffset-5,0,0])
            leaf(
                width = leafWidth,
                height = leafHeight,
                baseLength = leafBaseLengthCalculated,
                tipLength = leafTipLengthCalculated,
                offsetFromCenter = leafOffsetFromCenter,
                seedNormal = seedNormal
            );
        }
    }
}

// leaf
module leaf(width, height, baseLength, tipLength, offsetFromCenter, seedNormal) {
    tip = tipLength;
    base = baseLength;
    rotate([0,-leafGrade,0]) // upwards angle for printing
    rotate([0,0,0]) // upwards angle for printing
    union () {

        // leaf base
        translate([0,0,offsetFromCenter])
        scale([height,width,1])
        cylinder(h = base, r1 = 0.5, r2 = 1, $fn=leafSides);

        // leaf tip
        translate([0,0,offsetFromCenter+base])
        scale([height,width,1])
        cylinder(h = tipLength, r1 = 1, r2 = 0, $fn=leafSides);

    }
}

scale([1,1,1])
layer( totalLeafs );

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a custom pen design in OpenSCAD, and I'd like your help crafting the code. I want a triangular pen body that fits a standard Bic ink stick, with customizable text on three faces, and a small slit to show the ink level. I have an existing design I like the look of (https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1460520), and the SCAD code for that design. I'll paste it below.

```
FrontFaceText = "OPENSWAG";
TopFaceText = "BLACKBAUD";
BottomFaceText = "JULY 30th 2015";
Tolerance = .5;

OpenSWAGPen(FrontFaceText,TopFaceText,BottomFaceText, Tolerance);

module OpenSWAGPen(FrontFaceText,TopFaceText,BottomFaceText, Tolerance) {
    InkTipDiameter = 4 + Tolerance;
    InkTipLength = 9.5;
    InkStickDiameter = 3 + Tolerance;
    InkStickLength = 112.5;
    TotalLength = InkTipLength + InkStickLength;
    TotalDiameter = 12;
    TextDepth = 1;
    TextSize = TotalDiameter - 2;
    TextFont = "Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold";
    DistanceToFace = TotalDiameter / 4.3;
    CircumferentialLength = .1;

    translate([(-TotalLength/2),0,20])
    rotate ([180,0,0])
    rotate ([0,90,0])

    intersection() {
        difference() {
            intersection() {
                //Triangular pen body
                cylinder(h = TotalLength, d = TotalDiameter + 3, $fn = 3);

                //Truncate Triangular pen body edges
                rotate ([0,0,60])
                cylinder(h = TotalLength, d = TotalDiameter*2.3, $fn = 3);
            }

            //Ink stick
            translate([0,0,InkTipLength - .001])
            cylinder(h = InkStickLength + .002, d = InkStickDiameter, $fs = CircumferentialLength);

            //Ink tip
            translate([0,0, -.001])
            cylinder(h = InkTipLength + .002, d = InkTipDiameter, $fs = CircumferentialLength);

            //Front Face Text
            translate([-DistanceToFace,0,10 + ((TotalLength-10)/2)])
            rotate ([0,-90,0])
            linear_extrude(height=TextDepth, convexity=4)
            text(FrontFaceText,
                 size=TextSize,
                 font=TextFont,
                 halign="center",
                 valign="center");

            //Top Face Text
            translate([DistanceToFace/2,-DistanceToFace/2 - 1,10 + ((TotalLength-10)/2)])
            rotate ([0,-90,120])
            linear_extrude(height=TextDepth, convexity=4)
            text(TopFaceText,
                 size=TextSize - 1.5,
                 font=TextFont,
                 halign="center",
                 valign="center");

            //Bottom Face Text
            translate([-DistanceToFace/2 + 2.6,DistanceToFace/2 + 1.1,10 + ((TotalLength-10)/2)])
            rotate ([0,-90,-120])
            linear_extrude(height=TextDepth, convexity=4)
            text(BottomFaceText,
                 size=TextSize - 1.5,
                 font=TextFont,
                 halign="center",
                 valign="center");

            //Ink level view slit
            translate([TotalDiameter/2,0,0])
            rotate ([0,0,90])
            cube([.75,TotalDiameter,TotalLength*2], center = true);
        }

        // Tip Cone
        translate([0,0, -1])
        cylinder(h = TotalLength + 5, d1 = InkTipDiameter, d2 = 150, $fs = CircumferentialLength);
    }
}
```

I'd like a few things improved or made more configurable.

1.  **Parametric Design:** I want all key dimensions to be easily adjustable parameters. This should include the ink tip diameter and length, ink stick diameter and length, overall pen diameter, text size, text depth, and the distance of the text from the center of the pen face. Also, the text itself should be a parameter. I also want the font to be configurable. I also want to be able to control the location of the slit with a parameter.
2.  **Triangular Body:** The pen body should maintain its triangular shape, but I'd like to control the rounding of the corners of the triangle.
3.  **Text Placement:** The text should be placed on three faces as in the existing design.
4.  **Ink Level Slit:** The slit for viewing the ink level should be configurable in terms of its width and placement along the pen's circumference.
5.  **Tolerance:** I need a global tolerance parameter that applies to the ink tip and ink stick diameters.
6.  **Units:** I'm working in millimeters, so please keep that in mind.

I'm not using any particular libraries, so please assume base OpenSCAD.

Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for me?

[Assistant]
OpenSWAG_Pen.scad:
```
FrontFaceText = "OPENSWAG";
TopFaceText = "BLACKBAUD";
BottomFaceText = "JULY 30th 2015";
Tolerance = .5;

OpenSWAGPen(FrontFaceText,TopFaceText,BottomFaceText, Tolerance);

module OpenSWAGPen(FrontFaceText,TopFaceText,BottomFaceText, Tolerance) {
    InkTipDiameter = 4 + Tolerance;
    InkTipLength = 9.5;
    InkStickDiameter = 3 + Tolerance;
    InkStickLength = 112.5;
    TotalLength = InkTipLength + InkStickLength;
    TotalDiameter = 12;
    TextDepth = 1;
    TextSize = TotalDiameter - 2;
    TextFont = "Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold";
    DistanceToFace = TotalDiameter / 4.3;
    CircumferentialLength = .1;

    translate([(-TotalLength/2),0,20])
    rotate ([180,0,0])
    rotate ([0,90,0])

    intersection() {
        difference() {
            intersection() {
                //Triangular pen body
                cylinder(h = TotalLength, d = TotalDiameter + 3, $fn = 3);

                //Truncate Triangular pen body edges
                rotate ([0,0,60])
                cylinder(h = TotalLength, d = TotalDiameter*2.3, $fn = 3);
            }

            //Ink stick
            translate([0,0,InkTipLength - .001])
            cylinder(h = InkStickLength + .002, d = InkStickDiameter, $fs = CircumferentialLength);

            //Ink tip
            translate([0,0, -.001])
            cylinder(h = InkTipLength + .002, d = InkTipDiameter, $fs = CircumferentialLength);

            //Front Face Text
            translate([-DistanceToFace,0,10 + ((TotalLength-10)/2)])
            rotate ([0,-90,0])
            linear_extrude(height=TextDepth, convexity=4)
            text(FrontFaceText,
                 size=TextSize,
                 font=TextFont,
                 halign="center",
                 valign="center");

            //Top Face Text
            translate([DistanceToFace/2,-DistanceToFace/2 - 1,10 + ((TotalLength-10)/2)])
            rotate ([0,-90,120])
            linear_extrude(height=TextDepth, convexity=4)
            text(TopFaceText,
                 size=TextSize - 1.5,
                 font=TextFont,
                 halign="center",
                 valign="center");

            //Bottom Face Text
            translate([-DistanceToFace/2 + 2.6,DistanceToFace/2 + 1.1,10 + ((TotalLength-10)/2)])
            rotate ([0,-90,-120])
            linear_extrude(height=TextDepth, convexity=4)
            text(BottomFaceText,
                 size=TextSize - 1.5,
                 font=TextFont,
                 halign="center",
                 valign="center");

            //Ink level view slit
            translate([TotalDiameter/2,0,0])
            rotate ([0,0,90])
            cube([.75,TotalDiameter,TotalLength*2], center = true);
        }

        // Tip Cone
        translate([0,0, -1])
        cylinder(h = TotalLength + 5, d1 = InkTipDiameter, d2 = 150, $fs = CircumferentialLength);
    }
}

```


[User]
I need a customizer for making letter-based necklaces with paracord. I'd like to be able to type in the text for the necklace, and it should extrude that text with a hole running through the top for the paracord to go through. The code needs to account for the text's length to size the hole correctly. The hole needs to be just large enough to accommodate the paracord. The necklace will be made of all capital letters.

Here are the specific parameters I'm thinking of:

*   **`NecklaceText`**: The text to use for the necklace. This should be a string.
*   **`TextDepth`**: The depth of the extruded text. I'm thinking this would be in millimeters, so I'll leave that as a default unit.
*   **`TextSize`**: The size of the letters. Again, assuming millimeters.
*   **`TextFont`**: The font to use. I would prefer to be able to use any standard OpenSCAD font. I have used 'Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold' previously.
*  **`ParaCordDiameter`**:  The diameter of the hole for the paracord.
*   **`TotalLength`**: The overall length of the hole for the paracord to pass through, so that it extends all the way through all the letters.
*   **`CircumferentialLength`**: A small value to increase the number of segments used to make the circular hole, so that it looks more rounded.

It should be able to correctly extrude the letters and then difference the paracord hole from the text. I believe I need to use `linear_extrude`, `text`, `cylinder`, `difference`, `translate`, and `rotate` for this. The hole should be centered on the horizontal plane, and should be at the top so that the necklace hangs correctly, but I don't need to specify this to the user -- it can be assumed.

[Assistant]
OpenSWAG_Necklace.scad:
```
NecklaceText = "OPEN SWAG";

OpenSWAGNecklace(NecklaceText);

module OpenSWAGNecklace(NecklaceText) {
    TextDepth = 10;
    TextSize = 20;
    TextFont = "Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold";
    TotalLength = 3000;
    ParaCordDiameter = 5;
    CircumferentialLength = .1;

    difference() {
        //Necklace Text
        linear_extrude(height=TextDepth, convexity=4)
        text(NecklaceText,
             size=TextSize,
             font=TextFont,
             halign="center",
             valign="center");

        translate([-TotalLength/2,TextSize/4,TextDepth/2.5])
        rotate([0,90,0])
        cylinder(h = TotalLength, d = ParaCordDiameter, $fs = CircumferentialLength);
    }
}

```


[User]
I'd like a parametric design for a combination bottle opener and whistle, shaped like a heart. I'm envisioning something similar to the OpenSWAG_Whistle_Opener.scad I've provided as a reference, but I need it to be more customizable.

Here's a breakdown of the features I want:

*   **Heart Shape:** The overall form should be a stylized heart, built from a combination of cylinders and cubes. I'd like parameters to adjust the radii of the cylinders and the size of the cubes used to form the heart.
*   **Bottle Opener:** It should have a functional penny bottle opener integrated into one of the "lobes" of the heart, similar to the reference design. I'd need parameters to control the size and placement of the opener, including the cut-out for the bottle cap.
*   **Whistle:** There needs to be a functional whistle built into the design as well. It needs to have a split and a resonance chamber, which I'd like to be able to tweak with parameters, like the size of the sphere used to create the chamber.
*   **Text:** The design should include a customizable text feature on the front face. I'd like parameters to control the text string, font, text size, and position.
*   **Parameters:** As I mentioned, it should be parametric. So, there should be parameters for things like the overall size of the heart, the thickness, the individual components sizes (cubes and cylinders used to create the heart shape, opener cut, etc.), and the text details.

I'd like the design to be fairly robust, so it should avoid extremely thin features that could easily break. I think it'd be good to use the `linear_extrude()` function for the text, and of course the normal OpenSCAD primitives like `cylinder`, `cube`, `sphere`, `difference`, `union`, and `translate`. I'm not asking to use any libraries, so please don't use any libraries (MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, BOLTS).

Could you provide me with a complete OpenSCAD file for this?

[Assistant]
OpenSWAG_Whistle_Opener.scad:
```
WhistleOpenerText = "SWAG";

OpenSWAGWhistleOpener(WhistleOpenerText);

module OpenSWAGWhistleOpener(WhistleOpenerText)
{
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {

            cylinder(20, r=15, $fn = 35);

            translate([0,9,0])
            cube([35,6,20]);

            cube([15,15,20]);

            translate([12,-22,0])
            cylinder(20, r=15, $fn = 35);

            rotate([0,0,120])
            translate([-31,-20,0])
            rotate([0,0,26])
            cube([20,15,20]);

            rotate([0,0,100])
            translate([10,-36,0])
            rotate([0,0,43])
            cube([20,40,20]);

            //Front Face Text
            translate([7,-10,20])
            rotate ([0,0,115])
            linear_extrude(height=1, convexity=4)
            text(WhistleOpenerText,
                 size=11,
                 font="Bitstream Vera Sans:style=Bold",
                 halign="center",
                 valign="center");

        }

        rotate([0,0,110])
        translate([-32,-35,-.001])
        rotate([0,0,55])
        cube([16,18,20.002]);

        translate([19,-17,19/2 + .5])
        rotate([0,0,145])
        union(){
            rotate([0,90,0])
            cylinder(h=1.5, d=19, $fn = 35);

            translate([0,-19/2,-19/2])
            cube ([1.5,19/2,19]);
        }

        translate([0,15.001,-.001])
        cube([50,25,20.002]);

        translate([0,0,2])
        cylinder(16, r=13, $fn = 25);

        translate([0,11,2])
        cube([37,2,16]);

        translate([10,15-2/3,2])
        rotate([0,0,150])
        cube([10,4,16]);

        translate([4,15-7.5,2])
        cube([30/8,10,16]);
    }

    translate([0,15-7.5,2])
    cylinder(1, r=1, $fn = 10);

    difference()
    {
        translate([0,15-7.5,7])
        sphere(3+1, $fn=25);
        translate([0,15-7.5,7])
        sphere(3, $fn=25);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey there, I'm trying to design a customizable filament spool holder system for my 3D printer. I have a horizontal threaded rod attached to my printer frame, and I want to create a way to hold loose filament, as well as regular spools.

Basically, I need a few different parts. First, a bearing holder that will mount to the horizontal rod using a nut and bolt system and hold a 608 bearing. I will likely want to adjust the bearing size and the dimensions of the nut/bolt attachment, so it needs to be parametric. I'd also like a second design that holds the filament in place for use with the bearing holder. I also have an existing ball bearing based design which holds regular spools, but that's not the focus here, but I will need to be able to easily use it in combination with this system.

For the bearing holder, I was thinking it would have a cylindrical base to hold the bearing, with legs extending out from the cylinder. Each leg would have a channel for a nut and bolt to clamp the bearing holder to the horizontal rod. It'll need to have a hole for the bearing to pass through of course and it will need to have a wider hole below it to accommodate a larger nut if necessary. I think I want to control the diameter and thickness of the bearing holder base, the number of legs, the width and length of those legs, the nut size, the threaded rod diameter, and the minimum and maximum leg height, as well as some safety parameters like minimum material around the nut and on the sides.

The filament brackets should be simple brackets that can be attached to the bearing holder by screw holes to create a cage for holding the filament. It would be good to control the length, diameter, and mounting hole size of the brackets.

Could you generate parametric OpenSCAD files for these two parts (bearing_holder.scad and filament_bracket.scad)?  I am not looking for a spool holder, but a bearing holder to be used with an existing spool holder design, if that makes sense. It would be preferable if this didn't rely on additional libraries if possible.

[Assistant]
bearing_holder.scad:
```
bearing_diameter = 22.4;

bearing_height = 7.5;

bearing_base_height = 1;

//hole diameter below bearing (bigger than nut size)
bottom_hole_diameter = 18;

//thickness of plastic around bearing
bearing_perimeter = 2.5;

//number of legs
legs = 3; // [3,4,5]

//width of each leg
leg_width = 17;

//length of each leg (from center point)
leg_length = 35;

minimum_leg_height = 6;

maximum_leg_height = 10;

//diameter of threaded rod
threaded_rod_size = 5; // [3:M3, 4:M4, 5:M5, 6:M6]

//nut groove width
nut_width = 8.2;

//nut groove thickness
nut_thickness = 4.3;

/* [Hidden] */
bearing_hole_extend = 2;
//minimum material behind nut
nut_support = 3;
//minimum material on each side of nut hole
nut_minimum_walls = 1;
//Calculations
rod_thickness = threaded_rod_size + 0.2;

$fn=100;

difference(){
	union(){
		cylinder(h=bearing_height+bearing_base_height, d=bearing_diameter+bearing_perimeter*2);
		//Leg
		if((leg_length-leg_width/2-nut_thickness-nut_support >= bearing_diameter/2+bearing_perimeter) && (nut_width+nut_minimum_walls*2 <= leg_width) && (maximum_leg_height > rod_thickness) && (nut_support > 0) && (bearing_perimeter > 0)){
			difference(){
				for (i = [0:360/legs:359]){
					rotate(i){
						difference(){
							union(){
								translate([-leg_width/2, 0, 0])
									cube([leg_width, leg_length-leg_width/2, maximum_leg_height]);
								translate([0, leg_length-leg_width/2, 0])
									cylinder(h=maximum_leg_height, d=leg_width);
							}
							//groove
							if(leg_length-bearing_diameter/2-bearing_perimeter-leg_width/2-nut_thickness-nut_support > maximum_leg_height-minimum_leg_height){
								if(minimum_leg_height>0){
									translate([-leg_width/2-1, 0, minimum_leg_height])
										cube([leg_width+2, leg_length-leg_width/2-(maximum_leg_height-minimum_leg_height)-nut_thickness-nut_support, maximum_leg_height-minimum_leg_height+1]);
									translate([-leg_width/2-1, leg_length-leg_width/2-(maximum_leg_height-minimum_leg_height)-nut_thickness-nut_support, maximum_leg_height])
										rotate([0, 90, 0])
											cylinder(h=leg_width+2, r=maximum_leg_height-minimum_leg_height);
								}
							}
							//nut
							translate([-nut_width/2, leg_length-leg_width/2-nut_thickness ,0])
								cube([nut_width, nut_thickness, maximum_leg_height]);
							//rod
							translate([0, leg_length-leg_width/2-nut_thickness, (maximum_leg_height)/2])
								rotate([-90, 0, 0])
									cylinder(h=leg_width/2+nut_thickness, d=rod_thickness);
						}
					}
				}
				if(maximum_leg_height > bearing_height+bearing_base_height){
					translate([0, 0, bearing_height+bearing_base_height]) cylinder(h=maximum_leg_height-bearing_height-bearing_base_height, d=bearing_diameter+bearing_hole_extend);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	//Bearing
	translate([0, 0, bearing_base_height]){
		cylinder(h=bearing_height, d=bearing_diameter);
		translate([0, 0, bearing_height-1]) cylinder(h=1, d1=bearing_diameter, d2=bearing_diameter+bearing_hole_extend);
	}
	//bottom hole
	cylinder(h=bearing_base_height, d=bottom_hole_diameter);
}
```
bracket.scad:
```
$fn = 100;

length = 20;

difference(){
	union(){
		cylinder(h=5.5, d=13);
		translate([0,-6.6,0])cube([length,13,5.5]);
		translate([length,0,0])cylinder(h=5.5, d=13);
	}
	cylinder(h=5.5, d=5.5);
	translate([length,0,0])cylinder(h=5.5, d=5.5);
	translate([0,0,2.5])rotate(90)cylinder(h=5.5, d=9, $fn=6);
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable pegboard tool holder, similar to the one on Thingiverse (link provided). I need to be able to adjust the dimensions of both the main tool holder case and the connecting pegs that fit into the pegboard.

Here are the specific parameters I'd like to control:

**Overall Design:**

*   **`board_pitch`**: The center-to-center distance between the pegboard holes (e.g., 25.4 mm).
*   **`board_hole`**: The diameter of the pegboard holes (e.g., 4 mm).
*   **`board_thick`**: The thickness of the pegboard (e.g., 5mm).

**Tool Holder Case:**

*   **`tool_depth`**: The number of pegboard pitches the holder extends in depth (e.g., 4 pitches).
*   **`tool_width`**: The number of pegboard pitches the holder extends in width (e.g., 2 pitches).
*   **`tool_height`**: The number of pegboard pitches the holder extends in height (e.g., 3 pitches).
*   **`fillet`**: The radius of the rounded corners of the tool holder (e.g., 3 mm).
*   **`offset`**: The thickness of the walls/floor of the tool holder (e.g., 1.5 mm).

**Pegboard Joint (the pegs that insert into the pegboard):**

*   **`joint_w`**: The width of each peg (e.g., 4mm)
*  **`joint_d`**: The depth of each peg (e.g., 9mm)
*   **`joint_h`**: The height of each peg (e.g., 9mm).
*   **`joint_pawl`**: The length of the peg locking piece (e.g., 0.6 mm).
*   **`joint_rod`**: Length of the rod part of the peg (e.g., board\_thick + 5 mm).

I need the tool holder to have rounded corners and to be a hollow box with a back, and the pegs should be sturdy enough to hold the case in place. I'd like to use the `hull()` function for generating smooth shapes, and of course `difference()` to create the hollow and peg openings.

I'd like all of this to be in a single OpenSCAD file, unless it makes sense to separate it for clarity. I don't have any pre-existing code I'm trying to refine.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD file(s) for me?

[Assistant]
PEG_BORAD_TOOLS_20150807.scad:
```
$fn=30;

board_pitch =25.4;
board_hole = 4;
board_thick = 5;

/////case

tool_depth=4; //  幅
tool_width= 2; //　奥行き
tool_height= 3; // 深さ

tool_w = board_pitch*tool_width;
tool_d = board_pitch*tool_depth;
tool_h = board_pitch*tool_height;

fillet =3; //角の丸み
offset =1.5; //厚み

//////joint
joint_w = 4; //奥行き
joint_d = 9;//幅
joint_h = 9; //高さ

jonit_r= joint_d/2;
joint_pawl=0.6;
joint_rod =board_thick+5;

//difference(){

case();

///////////////////////////////////

module case(){
module roundedcube(xdim,ydim,zdim,rdim){

hull(){
translate([rdim,rdim,rdim+fillet])cylinder(r=rdim,h=zdim-fillet);
translate([xdim-rdim,rdim,rdim+fillet])cylinder(r=rdim,h=zdim-fillet);
rotate([-90,0,0])translate([rdim,-rdim-fillet,rdim])cylinder(r=rdim,h=ydim-2*rdim);

translate([rdim,ydim-rdim,rdim+fillet])cylinder(r=rdim,h=zdim-fillet);
translate([xdim-rdim,ydim-rdim,rdim+fillet])cylinder(r=rdim,h=zdim-fillet);
rotate([-90,0,0])translate([xdim-rdim,-rdim-fillet,rdim])cylinder(r=rdim,h=ydim-2*rdim);

rotate([90,0,90])translate([rdim,rdim+fillet,rdim])cylinder(r=rdim,h=xdim-2*rdim);
rotate([90,0,90])translate([ydim-rdim,rdim+fillet,rdim])cylinder(r=rdim,h=xdim-2*rdim);

translate([rdim,rdim,rdim+fillet])sphere(rdim);
translate([xdim-rdim,rdim,rdim+fillet])sphere(rdim);
translate([rdim,ydim-rdim,rdim+fillet])sphere(rdim);
translate([xdim-rdim,ydim-rdim,rdim+fillet])sphere(rdim);

}
}

difference(){

union(){
translate([0,-offset/2,-tool_h-fillet])roundedcube(tool_w,tool_d,tool_h,fillet);
joint();
}
translate([offset,offset-offset/2,-tool_h+offset-fillet])roundedcube(tool_w-2*offset,tool_d-2*offset,tool_h+0.1,fillet-offset);
}

}

///////////////////////////////////////

module joint(){

roundcube2(joint_w,joint_d,joint_h,jonit_r);
mirror([0,1,0])translate([0,-tool_d,0])roundcube2(joint_w,joint_d,joint_h,jonit_r);

module roundcube2(xdim,ydim,zdim,rdim){
difference(){
union(){
rotate([-90,0,90])translate([0,board_hole/2-0.4,0])cylinder(r=board_hole/2,h=joint_rod-board_hole/2);
hull(){
translate([0,-ydim/2,-zdim+rdim])cube([xdim,ydim,zdim-rdim]);
rotate([90,0,90])translate([-ydim/2+rdim,-zdim+rdim,0])cylinder(r=rdim,h=xdim);
rotate([90,0,90])translate([ydim/2-rdim,-zdim+rdim,0])cylinder(r=rdim,h=xdim);
}
hull(){
translate([-(joint_rod-board_hole/2),0,-board_hole/2+0.4])sphere(r=board_hole/2);
rotate([-90,0,90])translate([joint_pawl,board_hole/2-0.4,board_thick])cylinder(r=board_hole/2,h=0.3);
}
}
rotate([0,-180,0])translate([2,-0.5,-5])cube([20,1,10]);
rotate([180,-180,0])translate([-100,-100,0])cube([200,200,10]);
}
}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable magnetic keychain using OpenSCAD. The basic idea is a cylinder with a cavity to hold magnets, and a hole for a keyring.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   `base`: The thickness of the base of the keychain (the part below the magnets).
*   `magnets`: The number of magnets to be embedded.
*   `magnet_height`: The height of each individual magnet.
*   `magnet_diameter`: The diameter of each individual magnet.
*   `walls`: The thickness of the material surrounding the magnets.
*   `top`: The thickness of the material above the magnets.
*  `top_curve`: The radius of curvature of the top transition between the vertical walls and the top surface
*   `hole_diameter`: The diameter of the hole for the keyring.

The design should be a cylinder shape that holds the magnets vertically, and the keyring hole should be perpendicular to the cylinder, passing through its side, towards the top of the structure. The top surface of the keychain should curve downwards to connect with the vertical walls. The hole should be centered along the circular axis.

The magnets will be stacked on top of each other, and the resulting cylinder will have a flat base and a curved top. The code should calculate the overall height of the keychain based on these parameters.

I'd like to avoid having to manually edit the code each time I need to adjust magnet dimensions, and would like to make this as parametric as possible.

I don't need to use any particular libraries.

[Assistant]
magnetic_keychain_customizable.scad:
```
//base thickness
base = 0.7;
//number of magnets
magnets = 4;
//height of each magnet
magnet_height = 1;
//diameter of each magnet
magnet_diameter = 5.5;
//wall thickness around magnets
walls = 1.2;
//material above magnets
top = 1.5;
//change this to change the thickness of the top part
top_curve = 1.7;
hole_diameter = 2.2;

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=100;
//Calculations
top_thickness = magnet_diameter + 2*walls - top_curve*2;

difference(){
	union(){
		difference(){
			//external cylinder
			cylinder(h = magnets*magnet_height + base + top + top_curve, d = magnet_diameter + 2*walls);
			//internal cylinder
			translate([0,0,base]) cylinder(h = magnets*magnet_height, d = magnet_diameter);
			translate([-(magnet_diameter + 2*walls)/2,top_thickness/2 + top_curve,magnets*magnet_height + base + top + top_curve])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h = magnet_diameter + 2*walls, r = top_curve);
			translate([-(magnet_diameter + 2*walls)/2,-(top_thickness/2 + top_curve),magnets*magnet_height + base + top + top_curve])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h = magnet_diameter + 2*walls, r = top_curve);
		}

		intersection(){
			translate([0,0,magnets*magnet_height + base + top + top_curve]) cylinder(h = top_thickness/2, d = magnet_diameter + 2*walls);
			translate([-(magnet_diameter + 2*walls)/2,0,magnets*magnet_height + base + top + top_curve])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h = magnet_diameter + 2*walls, d = top_thickness);
		}
	}
	translate([0,(magnet_diameter + 2*walls)/2,magnets*magnet_height + base + top + top_curve])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h = magnet_diameter + 2*walls, d= hole_diameter);
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to design a set of screw-mountable relay socket holders for automotive relays, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD. I've seen some existing designs, but I want to make sure mine are easily customizable through parameters. The idea is that they'll slide onto standard automotive relay sockets, and I want to have different lengths to accommodate different mounting needs.

Here’s what I envision:

**General Structure:**

The design will consist of two main parts that fit together: the 'tab' which will slide into the relay socket, and the plate which is used for mounting.

**Tab Details:**

*   The tab needs to have dimensions that match standard relay sockets. I need parameters for:
    *   `tab_length`
    *   `tab_width`
    *   `tab_height`
*   The tab needs to have a connecting portion going to the plate, and should be customizable with parameters:
    *  `tab_connector_width`
    *  `tab_connector_height`
    *  `tab_connector_length`
*   I'll also need tolerance parameters for how snugly these fit into the socket. I'll need at least two tolerances, one for each part:
    *  `tab_tolerance`
    *  `tab_connector_tolerance`
*   The tab must be designed as a negative space cutout in the mount side of the structure to ensure a snug fit to the tab
**Plate Details:**

*   The plate should extend outwards from the tab connection and have a mounting hole, dimensions:
    *   `plate_length` (overall)
    *   `plate_width`
    *   `plate_height`
    *   `hole_diameter`
*   I need a parameter that controls the placement of the mounting hole relative to the overall plate:
    *  `hole_position`

**Overall Parameters:**

*   `part_separation` to set the gap between parts when rendered
*   I need control over the number of fragments in any circle elements. `fn` will do.
*   I need to be able to set individual tolerances for the plate, where the tolerance value adjusts the size of the solid mounting plate, and the hole:
    *   `plate_tolerance`

**Types of Mounts**
I want to have three preset types of mounts, but also be able to generate completely custom dimensions.
 *   `short_mount` : the plate and mounting hole is designed at the top of the relay socket.
 *   `standard_mount`: designed to mount level with the top of a standard relay.
 *   `long_mount`: designed with a plate well above the top of a standard relay.
 * the mount must be parametrically definable with a parameter `mount_type`.

**Libraries:**

*   I would like to use the `BOSL2` library for the eye module.

**Output:**

I'm hoping that you can create one OpenSCAD file that I can use to define all three of these mount types. I should be able to generate the three mount types by defining the `mount_type` and, for example, the mount lengths. I want to be able to customize all parameters easily in the file's parameter section. The mounting plate needs to use difference to create the tab cutout, and I want the eye module to be used for the mounting holes.

I'm excited to see what you come up with!

[Assistant]
relay_socket_screw_mount.scad:
```
// Number of circle elements
fn = 45;
// Tolerance to ensure difference() leaves no 2d plane
dt = 0.1;
// Tolerance of the first part
t = 0.3;
// Tolerance of the second part
t2 = 0.2;

// Length of the tab
x1 = 27.35;
// Length of the bottom of the receiver
x3 = 1.1;
// Length of the plate
x2 = x1 + x3 + 32;
// Width of the tab
y1 = 5.85;
// Width of the tab to plate connector
y2 = 3.85;
// Width of the plate
y3 = 10.2;
// Distance between parts
y4 = 5;
// Height of the tab
z1 = 2.15;
// Height of the tab to plate connector
z2 = 3.85 - z1;
// Height of the plate
z3 = 6;
// Diameter of the hole, 4.5 allows for an M4 bolt
o = 4.5;
x4 = x2 - t; // Position of the hole

union() {
	// Add tolerances
	x1t = x1 - t;
	x3t = x3 + t;
	y1t = y1 - 2 * t;
	y2t = y2 - 2 * t;
	z1t = z1 - 2 * t;
	z2t = z2 + 2 * t;
	z5 = z1t + z2t;

	translate([x3t, (y3 - y1t) / 2, 0]) {
		cube([x1t, y1t, z1t]);
		translate([0, (y1t - y2t) / 2, z1t]) {
			cube([x1t, y2t, z2t]);
		}
	}
	translate([0, 0, z5]) {
		cube([x2, y3, z3]);
	}
	translate([x4, 0, z5]) {
		eye(o, z3 / 2, y3, tolerance = t, fn = fn);
	}
}

translate([0, y3 + y4, 0]) union() {
	// Add tolerances
	x1t = x1 + t2;
	x3t = x3 - t2;
	y1t = y1 + 2 * t2;
	y2t = y2 + 2 * t2;
	z1t = z1 + 2 * t2;
	z2t = z2 - 2 * t2;
	z5 = z1t + z2t;

	difference() {
		cube([x1 + x3, y3, z5]);
		translate([x3t, (y3 - y1t) / 2, 0]) {
			translate([0, (y1t - y2t) / 2, 0]) cube([x1t + dt, y2t, z2t + dt]);
			translate([0, 0, z2t]) cube([x1t + dt, y1t, z1t]);
		}
	}
	translate([0, 0, z5]) {
		cube([x2, y3, z3]);
	}
	translate([x4, 0, z5]) {
		eye(o, z3 / 2, y3, tolerance = t2, fn = fn);
	}
}

module eye(holeDiameter, edgeThickness, height, tolerance = 0, fn = 20) {
	outerD = 2 * edgeThickness + holeDiameter;
	outerR = outerD / 2;

	translate([outerR, 0, outerR]) {
		rotate([270, 0, 0]) difference() {
			union() {
				cylinder(h = height, d = outerD, $fn = fn);
				translate([-outerR, 0, 0]) cube([outerD, outerR, height]);
			}
			cylinder(h = height, d = holeDiameter + 2 * tolerance, $fn = fn);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
I'd like a custom OpenSCAD design for a 3D printable object. It should feature two letters side-by-side, almost like initials, embossed onto a rectangular base.

Specifically:

*   There should be two text inputs: `firstLetter` and `secondLetter`, both accepting single uppercase letters.
*   The letters should be embossed into a rectangular base.
*   `firstLetterWidth` and `secondLetterWidth` will control the width of the embossed letter.
*   There should be a `scaleFactor` which will scale the entire design, including the letter and base sizes.
* The width of the base rectangle will be determined by adding the first letter's width, second letter's width, and 1.5 units for separation. The base rectangle should have a length of 11.5 and a height of 1.5 (these aren't adjustable).
* The text should be centered vertically within the rectangle, such that the bottom of the text lines up with the top of the rectangular base.
* The letters should be a cut-out from the base, not an extrusion.
* The base should always be a flat-topped rectangle.
*   The text should be set in the default font, and only rendered using linear extrusion.

I think that's everything. Thanks!

[Assistant]
TwoInitialsBacked.scad:
```
//variable description
firstLetter = "A"; //[A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z]
secondLetter = "Z"; //[A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z]
firstLetterWidth = 10; //[3:13]
secondLetterWidth = 8; //[3:13]
scaleFactor = 1.5; //[1.5,2,2.5]
overallWidth = firstLetterWidth+secondLetterWidth+1.5;
height = 1.5;

scale([scaleFactor,scaleFactor,1]) {
    difference() {
        cube([overallWidth,11.5,height]);
        # translate([0.75,1,height/2]) {
            linear_extrude(height/2+0.1) {
                text(firstLetter);
            }
        }
        # translate([0.75+firstLetterWidth,1,height/2]) {
            linear_extrude(height/2+0.1) {
                text(secondLetter);
            }
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to make some dividers for my Plano storage boxes, the kind people use for board game components. I have a specific divider in mind based on one I found online, and I want to make it parametric so I can easily adjust it for different boxes.

Basically, it's a rectangular divider with a rounded bottom edge and small rails on the top edges. The main parameters I need to control are:

*   **Overall Width:** The total width of the divider.
*   **Overall Height:** The total height of the divider.
*   **Thickness:** The thickness of the main divider body (excluding the rails).
*   **Bottom Round Height:**  The height of the rounded section at the bottom.
*   **Rail Height:**  The height of the rails on the top edges.
*   **Rail Width:** The width of the rails.
*   **Cutout Radius:** Optional cutouts on each side for lid guide rails (can be 0 to disable).

The divider should consist of:

1.  **A main rectangular body:** This makes up the majority of the divider with the specified thickness.
2.  **A rounded bottom:** This is a smooth, rounded bottom created by combining two cylinder sections and using a hull.
3.  **Two rails:** These are on the top edges. Each rail is basically an extruded triangle.
4.  **Optional cutouts:** Circular cutouts on the top to avoid collisions with lid guide rails on specific plano cases.

I think it'd be good to have all of this in one `.scad` file. Could you create the OpenSCAD code for me? I'm not using any specific libraries.

[Assistant]
plano_divider.scad:
```
/*
 * Author:  Jean Philippe Neumann
 * License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
 *          see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
 * URL:     http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:952051
 */

// MakerBot customizer settings:
// preview[view:south east, tilt:top diagonal]

// width of the whole divider in mm.
DIVIDER_WIDTH = 34;
// height of the whole divider in mm.
DIVIDER_HEIGHT = 28.5;
// thickness of the divider (without the side rails) in mm.
DIVIDER_THICKNESS = 1.5;

// height of the rounded bottom part in mm.
DIVIDER_BOTTOM_HEIGHT = 5.5;
// height of the rails on the side in mm.
RAIL_HEIGHT = 1.0;
// width of the rails on the side in mm.
RAIL_WIDTH = 1.5;

// cutouts for lid guide rails in some plano models (e.g. 3500) in mm. Set to 0 to disable.
CUTOUT_RADIUS = 2.75;

DIVIDER_TOP_HEIGHT = DIVIDER_HEIGHT - DIVIDER_BOTTOM_HEIGHT;

createAll();

module createAll() {
  difference() {
    createBody();
    createCutouts();
  }
}

module createBody() {
  union() {
    // main body
    color([1,1,0])
    cube([DIVIDER_WIDTH, DIVIDER_TOP_HEIGHT, DIVIDER_THICKNESS]);

    // rounded bottom
    color([0,0,1])
    hull() {
      translate([DIVIDER_BOTTOM_HEIGHT, 0, 0])
      cylinder(r=DIVIDER_BOTTOM_HEIGHT, h=DIVIDER_THICKNESS, $fn=100);

      translate([DIVIDER_WIDTH - DIVIDER_BOTTOM_HEIGHT, 0, 0])
      cylinder(r=DIVIDER_BOTTOM_HEIGHT, h=DIVIDER_THICKNESS, $fn=100);
    }

    // left rail
    createRail();

    // right rail
    translate([DIVIDER_WIDTH,DIVIDER_TOP_HEIGHT, 0])
    rotate([0,0,180])
    createRail();
  }
}

module createRail() {
  color([0,1,0])
  translate([0,DIVIDER_TOP_HEIGHT,DIVIDER_THICKNESS])
  rotate([90,0,0])
  linear_extrude(height = DIVIDER_TOP_HEIGHT)
  polygon(points = [[0, 0], [RAIL_WIDTH, 0], [0, RAIL_HEIGHT] ], paths = [[0, 1, 2]]);
}

module createCutouts() {
    translate([0, DIVIDER_TOP_HEIGHT, -1])
    cylinder(h = 100, r=CUTOUT_RADIUS, $fn=100);

    translate([DIVIDER_WIDTH, DIVIDER_TOP_HEIGHT, -1])
    cylinder(h = 100, r=CUTOUT_RADIUS, $fn=100);
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a case to hold a power supply. The power supply itself is a rectangular prism, and I'll need to be able to adjust its dimensions. I also need to define the wall thickness of the case. The case should have cutouts for a switch socket, and also mounting holes. Finally, I'll also need holes for a pair of banana plug connectors.

Specifically, the case should be a box, with an inner space to accommodate the power supply and a wall of a certain thickness. I need to specify the height and width of the power supply itself, as well as the overall depth of the case.

The switch socket cutout is a complex shape; let's make it a central rectangle with two additional smaller rectangles attached to the top and bottom. I need to control the dimensions and relative positioning of those rectangles as well.

For mounting, I need three screw holes on one of the sides, with two of them being smaller and one larger. I need to be able to set the diameters for all of these screw holes and their positions along the length of the box.

Finally, I need two banana plug holes on one side, with positions that can be adjusted along the width of the case. Also, I need to be able to specify the diameter for the banana plugs.

The design should be fully parametric, meaning that I should be able to adjust all of these values as parameters at the top of the file.  I'm going to need $fn set to 25 for smooth curves too. Can you generate the .scad file for this?

[Assistant]
supplycase.scad:
```
// Antenna tube End
// (c) g3org

//wall
wall=2.5;

//Power Supply height
supply_h=51.4;
//Power Supply width
supply_w=99.5;

//case depth
case_depth=60;

// screw diameter
case_screw=3;

//bananaplug diameter
bananaplugdia=3;

//screw hole on one side
screw_hole_a=8;

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=25;

module basecase(){
    difference(){
        cube([supply_h+(2*wall),supply_w+(2*wall),case_depth],center=true);
        translate([0,0,wall]){
            cube([supply_h,supply_w,case_depth],center=true);
        }
        translate([0,-supply_w/6,0]){
        switchsocket();
        }

        rotate([90,0,0]){
            translate([supply_h/2-12.5,case_depth/2-5,0]){
                screwhole();
            }

        }

        rotate([90,0,0]){
            translate([supply_h/2-25,case_depth/2-5,0]){
                screwhole();
            }

        }
        rotate([90,0,0]){
            translate([supply_h/2-33,case_depth/2-21.5,0]){
                screwhole_big();
            }

        }

//bananaplug black
        rotate([90,0,90]){
            translate([supply_w/2-10,-case_depth/2+10,-supply_h/2]){
                bananaplug();
            }

        }
//bananaplug red
        rotate([90,0,90]){
            translate([supply_w/2-25,-case_depth/2+10,-supply_h/2]){
                bananaplug();
            }

        }
    }

}

module switchsocket(){

    cube([27.5,47,case_depth+wall],center=true);
	 translate([0,-15,2.5]){
	 	cube([31.0,17,case_depth+wall],center=true);
	 }
	 translate([0,15,2.5]){
	 	cube([31.0,17,case_depth+wall],center=true);
	 }

}

module screwhole(){
    cylinder(h=supply_w+(wall*3),r=screw_hole/2,center=true);
}

module screwhole_big(){
    cylinder(h=supply_w+(wall*3),r=screw_hole_a/2,center=true);
}

module bananaplug(){
    cylinder(bananaplugdia+(wall*2),screw_hole/2,center=true);
}

basecase();

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a customizable clip for holding cylindrical objects, and I'd like to be able to control various dimensions through parameters.

Specifically, I need the following parameters to be adjustable:

*   **`diameter`**: The diameter of the cylinder the clip is meant to hold.
*   **`angle`**: The angle between the two arms of the clip. This affects how wide the clip opens.
*   **`arm_thickness`**: The thickness of the arms of the clip.
*   **`standoff`**: The distance from the center line of the grip to the standoff point on the back of the clip. This will probably be on the x-axis.
*   **`standoff_width`**: The width of the standoff along the y-axis.
*  **`height`**: The total height of the clip (z-axis)
*   **`num_screws`**: The number of screw holes on the back of the clip, for mounting it to a surface. These screw holes should be evenly spaced along the height of the clip, and centered along the standoff.
*   **`screw_diameter`**: The diameter of the screw holes themselves.
*   **`screw_head_diameter`**: The diameter of the counter-bored screw head recesses.
*   **`screw_head_depth`**: The depth of the screw head counter-bores.
*   **`lip_length`**: The length of the optional lip on the top and bottom of the grip.
*   **`lip_depth`**: How deep the lip should be (0 for no lip).

I'm hoping for a design that has a smooth, rounded interior to fit the cylindrical object being held, and a flat back for mounting to a surface. The screw holes should be counter-bored to allow the screw heads to sit flush with the surface. The optional lip should extend along the inner edge of the clip arms on both the top and the bottom.

I'm envisioning this being designed entirely using OpenSCAD primitives, so no libraries should be needed. Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD file or files based on these requirements?

[Assistant]
Clip.scad:
```
/* [General] */

// Diameter of the grip
diameter = 15;

// Angle open between the arms
angle = 120;

// Thickness of the arms
arm_thickness = 2;

// Distance from standoff to centerline of grip (x direction)
standoff = 20;

// Width of the standoff (y direction)
standoff_width = 10;

// Height of the clip (z direction)
height = 20;

// Number of screws
num_screws = 2;

// Diameter of screws
screw_diameter = 4;

// Diameter of head of screws
screw_head_diameter = 6;

// Screw head counter-bore depth
screw_head_depth = 2;

// Lip length
lip_length = 1;

// Lip depth (zero for no lip)
lip_depth = 0;

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 100;
radius = diameter/2;
rounded_angle = asin((arm_thickness/2)/(radius+arm_thickness/2));

module letter_c(radius, thickness, angle) {
    difference() {
        circle(radius+thickness);
        circle(radius);
        polygon([ // polygon to cut thing to angle
            [0, 0],
            (radius+thickness+1)*[sin(90-angle/2), cos(90-angle/2)],
            (radius+thickness+1)*[sin(90-angle/2), 2],
            [radius+thickness+2, radius+thickness+2],
            [radius+thickness+2, -radius-thickness-2],
            (radius+thickness+1)*[sin(90+angle/2), -2],
            (radius+thickness+1)*[sin(90+angle/2), cos(90+angle/2)]]);
    }
}

module lip(lip_depth, lip_length) {
    linear_extrude(lip_length) {
        rounded_angle_lip = asin((arm_thickness/2)/(radius-lip_depth+arm_thickness/2));
        letter_c(radius-lip_depth, arm_thickness, angle+rounded_angle_lip*2);
        rotate(angle/2+rounded_angle_lip) translate([radius-lip_depth+arm_thickness/2, 0]) circle(arm_thickness/2);
        polygon([
            (radius-lip_depth+arm_thickness/2)*[cos(angle/2+rounded_angle_lip), sin(angle/2+rounded_angle_lip)],
            (radius+arm_thickness/2)*[cos(angle/2+rounded_angle), sin(angle/2+rounded_angle)],
            (radius+arm_thickness/2)*[cos(angle/2), sin(angle/2)],
            (radius-lip_depth+arm_thickness/2)*[cos(angle/2), sin(angle/2)]
        ]);
        rotate(-angle/2-rounded_angle_lip) translate([radius-lip_depth+arm_thickness/2, 0]) circle(arm_thickness/2);
        polygon([
            (radius-lip_depth+arm_thickness/2)*[cos(angle/2+rounded_angle_lip), -sin(angle/2+rounded_angle_lip)],
            (radius+arm_thickness/2)*[cos(angle/2+rounded_angle), -sin(angle/2+rounded_angle)],
            (radius+arm_thickness/2)*[cos(angle/2), -sin(angle/2)],
            (radius-lip_depth+arm_thickness/2)*[cos(angle/2), -sin(angle/2)]
        ]);
    }
}

difference() { // remove screw holes
    union() { // add lips
        linear_extrude(height) { // extrude basic shape
            difference() {
                translate([-standoff, -standoff_width/2]) square([standoff, standoff_width]);
                circle(radius);
            }
            letter_c(radius, arm_thickness, angle+rounded_angle*2);
            rotate(angle/2+rounded_angle) translate([radius+arm_thickness/2, 0]) circle(arm_thickness/2);
            rotate(-angle/2-rounded_angle) translate([radius+arm_thickness/2, 0]) circle(arm_thickness/2);
        }
        lip(lip_depth, lip_length);
        translate([0, 0, height-lip_length]) lip(lip_depth, lip_length);
    }
    for(i = [1:num_screws]) translate([0, 0, height/(num_screws*2)*(i*2-1)]) {
        rotate([0, -90, 0]) {
            cylinder(h=standoff+1, d=screw_diameter);
            cylinder(h=radius+screw_head_depth, d=screw_head_diameter);
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a washer, but I want to be able to customize a lot more than just the inner and outer diameters and thickness. I need to be able to specify the following:

*   **Inner Diameter:** The diameter of the central hole.
*   **Outer Diameter:** The overall diameter of the washer.
*   **Thickness:** The thickness of the washer.
*   **Chamfer:** An optional chamfer on the top and/or bottom edges of the washer (both can be enabled separately), controlled by angle of the chamfer in degrees, and distance from the sharp edge of the chamfer.
*    **Number of Tabs:** An option to have evenly spaced tabs around the outer perimeter of the washer (or slots if you specify a negative tab length); the tabs should have a length (from the edge of the washer), a width (arc length) around the washer perimeter, and a thickness. The number of tabs and tab dimensions should be fully customizable.
*   **Countersink:** An optional countersink on the top and/or bottom of the washer (both can be enabled separately), specified by the countersink angle (in degrees, relative to vertical/flat) and a countersink diameter (where the countersink meets the flat washer material).

I want this to be fully parametric, so I can adjust each of these values. The design should also be easy to modify if I want to add more features later.

I'm familiar with the BOSL2 library, so please use that where applicable to make things cleaner and more flexible. I'm particularly interested in using BOSL2's `chamfer()` and `countersink()` features for better control over those shapes. Can you provide a single .scad file that contains this full, parametric design?

[Assistant]
Washer.scad:
```
// diameter
inner = 6;

// diameter
outer = 100;

thickness = 2;

module washer (inner, outer, thickness) {

    difference() {
        cylinder(d=outer, h=thickness, $fn=60);
        translate([0,0,-thickness])
        cylinder(d=inner, h=thickness*3, $fn=60);
    };
}

// dimensions in mm
washer (inner, outer, thickness);
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a parametric ball valve that I can 3D print. I've seen some attempts online, but I want a fully parametric design from the ground up, rather than trying to modify something.  I'm thinking that for a good starting point, it should be able to handle a range of flow diameters, maybe from 10mm up to 30mm, and the other dimensions should all adjust accordingly.

The main parts will be: the valve body/housing, a housing insert that fits into the body and holds the ball, two seals, a ball with a flow channel, and a handle.

The core flow channel needs to be controlled by a ball that rotates. The seals should make a nice tight fit against the ball to prevent leaks. The ball and seals will need to be printed with relatively high resolution, but the other parts don't have to be. The handle should also be able to turn the ball 90 degrees - I'd like to have integrated stops so it cannot over-rotate.

For assembly, I'm thinking the seals go into the housing first, then the ball, then the handle. Finally the housing insert gets glued or pressed into place.

I'd also like a way to attach this to a pipe, but I'm not sure what the right approach would be - maybe just some kind of cylindrical adapter. It would be good to have that as part of the parametric design. If you have any suggestions for a good way to do this, let me know, otherwise it's a TODO for later.

I'd like to use OpenSCAD for this - it is preferred over any other CAD system. The design would ideally use only basic OpenSCAD functions, but if there are libraries that make it much easier, I am okay with using one, but would prefer only one and nothing too complicated. Let's stick to the MCAD library if you have to use a library at all; but ideally no libraries.

Finally, I'd like to specify the following: the inside diameter for the fluid, a thickness for the seat around the perimeter of the flow channel, a seat height, a housing wall thickness, a stop height, handle screw diameter, handle countersink diameter, handle shaft diameter, handle inset distance, handle outset distance, handle length, handle width, and handle thickness.  It would also be nice to optionally see individual parts cut away to make it easier to view the design, but that's just for visualization and should be turned off before printing. I'd like to have at least a few different resolution options as well - the higher the resolution the more complex it should get.

Can you generate the .scad files for this design?

[Assistant]
ballvalve.scad:
```
// Ball Valves
// Ball valves are great for projects, but I'm always a little floored by the price.
// Like $15 bucks for 5 cents worth of plastic?  Really?  And my idea calls for... about 30 of them so...
//
// This is licensed under creative commons, attribution, share-alike.
// To fulfil the "attribution" requirement, please link to:
//	http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:953512
//
// INSTRUCTIONS:
// 1) print the ball and 2 seals with max resolution and sand to mate
// 2) other parts can be less precise
// 3) Insert both seals, then the ball and handle.  Glue housing insert in place last of all.
// NOTE: a better strategy might be to buy some cheap seals and design the valve around them!
// NOTE: the main chamber and the ball will probably require supports
//
// TODO:
// 1) Add fit tolerances
// 2) Pipe attachment (see http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:436659)
// 3) O-ring for handle shaft.  Right now it will likely leak! (see http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:225603)
// 4) Handle attachment to ball
// 5) Add servo alternative (again, see http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:436659)

/* [main] */

// what do you want to see?
view=1; //[1:assembled,2:housing,3:housing_insert,4:handle,5:seal (2 required),6:ball]

// show parts cut away for visualization (turn off before printing)
cutaway=1; // [0:false,1:true]

// resolution 1=low(aka 1x) 2=mid 3=high 4=very high
resfactor=2;

// How to attach to pipe
pipe_connection=0; // [0:TODO Not yet implemented]

// inside diameter for fluid
flow_dia=20;

// 0=auto, based on flow_dia
ball_dia=0;

// Thickness of the seat around the perimeter
seat_thickness=3;

// Thickness of the seat vertically
seat_h=4;

// Thickness of the housing walls
housing_thickness=2;

// How tall the 90 degree stop is
stop_cutout_h=2;

/* [handle] */

handle_screw_dia=3;

handle_countersink_dia=8;

// if 0, auto-calculate
handle_shaft_dia=0;

// within housing
handle_inset=5;

// beyond housing
handle_outset=10;

handle_len=60;

// if 0, auto-calculate
handle_w=0;

// thickness of the handle
handle_thick=3;

/* [hidden] */

assembledPosition=(view==1?1:0);

// auto-calculations for sizes
ball_dia=ball_dia>0?ball_dia:flow_dia*2.0;
handle_shaft_dia=handle_shaft_dia>0?handle_shaft_dia:ball_dia*2/3;
handle_w=handle_w>0?handle_w:handle_shaft_dia*2/3;

// figure out the diameter of the seat
seat_dia=flow_dia+seat_thickness*2;

// chord math.  See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagitta_%28geometry%29
function sagitta(r,l)=r-sqrt(r*r-l*l);
flow_sagitta=sagitta(ball_dia/2,flow_dia/2);
seat_sagitta=sagitta(ball_dia/2,seat_dia/2);

// make $fn more automatic
function myfn(r)=max(3*r,12)*resfactor;
module cyl(r=undef,h=undef,r1=undef,r2=undef){cylinder(r=r,h=h,r1=r1,r2=r2,$fn=myfn(r!=undef?r:max(r1,r2)));}
module circ(r=undef){circle(r=r,$fn=myfn(r));}
module ball(r=undef){sphere(r=r,$fn=myfn(r));}

module valveBall(ball_dia){
	translate([0,0,(ball_dia/2-flow_sagitta)*(1-assembledPosition)]) rotate([0,90*assembledPosition,0]) difference(){
		ball(r=ball_dia/2);
		translate([0,0,-ball_dia/2]) cyl(r=flow_dia/2,h=ball_dia*2);
	}
}

module seat(ball_dia){
	translate([(ball_dia/2+seat_h-seat_sagitta)*assembledPosition,0,0]) rotate([0,(-90)*assembledPosition,0]) difference(){
		cyl(r=seat_dia/2,h=seat_h); // main shape
		translate([0,0,-seat_h/2]) cyl(r=flow_dia/2,h=seat_h*2); // hole
		translate([0,0,ball_dia/2+seat_h-seat_sagitta]) ball(r=ball_dia/2); // ball
	}
}

module housing_insert(ball_dia,handle_shaft_dia){
	lead_in=30;
	difference(){
		translate([lead_in*assembledPosition,0,0]) rotate([0,(-90*assembledPosition),0]) difference(){
			cyl(r=ball_dia/2,h=lead_in); // total outside shape
			translate([0,0,lead_in]) ball(r=ball_dia/2); // cut out for ball
			translate([0,0,-lead_in/2]) cyl(r=flow_dia/2,h=lead_in*2); // flow port
			translate([0,0,lead_in-ball_dia/2-seat_h+seat_sagitta]) cyl(r=seat_dia/2,h=ball_dia); // seat
		}
		cyl(r=handle_shaft_dia/2,h=ball_dia); // handle
	}
}

module housing(ball_dia,handle_shaft_dia){
	lead_in=30;
	rotate([0,90*assembledPosition,0]) translate([0,0,((-ball_dia/2)*assembledPosition)+lead_in*(1-assembledPosition)]) difference(){
		union() { // body
			translate([0,0,-lead_in]) cyl(r=ball_dia/2+housing_thickness,h=lead_in*2+ball_dia/2);
			translate([-handle_outset,0,ball_dia/2]) rotate([0,-90,0]) cyl(r=handle_shaft_dia/2+housing_thickness,h=ball_dia/2); // shaft hole
		}
		// inside core
		translate([0,0,ball_dia/2]) cyl(r=ball_dia/2,h=lead_in); // outlet with clearance for housing_insert
		translate([0,0,-lead_in]) cyl(r=flow_dia/2,h=lead_in*2); // inlet
		translate([0,0,ball_dia/2]) ball(r=ball_dia/2); // ball clearance
		translate([0,0,seat_sagitta-seat_h]) cyl(r=seat_dia/2,h=ball_dia); // seat recess
		translate([0,0,ball_dia/2]) rotate([0,-90,0]) cyl(r=handle_shaft_dia/2,h=ball_dia); // shaft hole
		// stop
		translate([-(ball_dia/2+handle_outset-stop_cutout_h),0,0]) rotate([0,-90,0]) cube([ball_dia,ball_dia,stop_cutout_h*2]);
	}
}

module handle(ball_dia,handle_shaft_dia,handle_w){
	handle_total=handle_thick+handle_outset+handle_inset;
	translate([0,0,(ball_dia/2+handle_inset)*assembledPosition+handle_total*(1-assembledPosition)]) mirror([0,0,1-assembledPosition]) difference(){
		union(){
			cylinder(r=handle_shaft_dia/2,h=handle_inset,$fn=4);
			translate([0,0,handle_inset]) cyl(r=handle_shaft_dia/2,h=handle_outset+handle_thick);
			translate([0,0,handle_inset+handle_outset]) linear_extrude(handle_thick) hull(){ // handle
				translate([-handle_len,0,0]) circ(r=handle_w);
				circ(r=handle_w);
			}
			translate([0,0,handle_inset+handle_outset-stop_cutout_h]) intersection(){ // stop
				cyl(r=handle_shaft_dia/2+housing_thickness,h=stop_cutout_h);
				translate([-handle_shaft_dia,0,0]) cube([handle_shaft_dia,handle_shaft_dia,stop_cutout_h]);
			}
		}
		translate([0,0,-handle_total/2]) cyl(r=handle_screw_dia/2,h=handle_total*2); // screw hole
		translate([0,0,handle_total-handle_thick]) cyl(r=handle_countersink_dia/2,h=handle_total*2); // screw countersink
	}
}

module main(){
	if(view==1||view==3) color([0.5,0.5,0.5]) difference() {
		housing_insert(ball_dia=ball_dia,handle_shaft_dia=handle_shaft_dia);
		if(cutaway==1) translate([-100,-195,-100]) cube([200,200,200]);
	}
	if(view==1||view==6) color([0,0,1]) valveBall(ball_dia=ball_dia);
	if(view==1) color([1,1,1]) seat(ball_dia=ball_dia);
	if(view==1||view==5) color([1,1,1]) mirror([1,0,0]) seat(ball_dia=ball_dia);

	if(view==1||view==2) difference() {
		housing(ball_dia=ball_dia,handle_shaft_dia=handle_shaft_dia);
		if(cutaway==1) translate([-100,-200,-100]) cube([200,200,200]);
	}
	if(view==1||view==4) handle(ball_dia=ball_dia,handle_shaft_dia,handle_shaft_dia,handle_w=handle_w);
}

main();
```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for creating end caps for pipes, and it should be customizable like the dowel center generator I've seen. Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **`inside_dia`**: This is the inner diameter of the pipe that the cap will fit *inside* of.
*   **`outside_dia`**: The outer diameter of the pipe, mostly for calculating the dome size.
*   **`dome_h`**: The height of the dome on the cap, where `outside_dia/2` would be a hemisphere.
*   **`rim_support_thick`**: This allows for generating a support ring structure under the dome. Setting it to zero will turn it off. I'd like the AI to choose a sensible default if this is not specified - maybe 0.2.
*   **`inset`**: The depth to which the cap will insert *into* the pipe.
*   **`num_gussets`**: The number of gussets (ribs) used to reinforce the insert section, should be a positive integer, perhaps with a default of 5.
*   **`gusset_depth`**: The thickness of the gussets. If set to 0, gussets will not be generated.
*   **`spiril_degrees`**: This would add a small twist to each gusset - this is more for fun than function - perhaps a default of zero.
*  **`resolution`**: The value of `$fn` for the number of segments for cylinders and spheres.

The basic structure is this: there is a cylinder for the insert, then gussets attached to that cylinder, and then a dome on top of that, and finally a rim for printing support. It shouldn't use any fancy libraries, just vanilla OpenSCAD.

Could you generate this for me, please?

[Assistant]
pipe_end_cap.scad:
```
// This thing is loosely based on my customizable
// dowel centers (http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:927256).
// The purpose is to create end caps for pipes.
//
// Recommended printing: 10% infill, 1 shell, 0.10 or smaller layer height (to get smoothest dome)
//
// This is licensed under creative commons, attribution, share-alike
// For the attribution requirement, please provide a link to:
//		http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:953781
//

/* [main] */

// inside diameter of pipe to fit inside.
inside_dia=16;

// outside_diameter of pipe
outside_dia=21;

// how high the dome is for the cap (od/2 = perfect hemisphere)
dome_h=5;

// to generate support structure (0 to turn off, recommended about 0.2)
rim_support_thick=0;

// how deep into the pipe the cap extends
inset=8;

// probably odd numbers are the best
num_gussets=5;

// set to 0 to disable gussets
gusset_depth=0.5;

// add a small twist to the support ribs (I don't know why you'd want to, but you can)
spiril_degrees=0;

// resolution ($fn)
resolution=64;

/* [hidden] */
pi=3.14159265358979323846264338327950;
$fn=resolution;
id=inside_dia;
od=outside_dia;

cylinder(r=id/2-gusset_depth,h=inset);
// post
for(a=[0:360/num_gussets:359.99]){
	rotate([0,0,a]) translate([id/2-gusset_depth,0,0]) rotate([0,1,0]) rotate([spiril_degrees,0,0]) union() {
		translate([0,0,gusset_depth]) cylinder(r=gusset_depth,h=inset-gusset_depth,$fn=16);
		cylinder(r2=gusset_depth,r1=0.1,h=gusset_depth,$fn=16);
	}
}
// dome
translate([0,0,inset-0.01]) scale([1,1,dome_h/(od/2)]) difference(){
	sphere(r=od/2);
	translate([-od/2,-od/2,-od]) cube([od,od,od]);
}
// support ring
if(rim_support_thick>0) difference(){
	qmin=0.1;
	nq=12;
	cylinder(r=od/2,h=inset);
	cylinder(r=od/2-rim_support_thick,h=inset);
	support_hole_w=qmin;
	for(a=[0:360/nq:359.99]){
		rotate([0,0,a]) translate([0,0,qmin*2]) cube([support_hole_w,od,inset-qmin]);
	}
}
```


[User]
I need a parametric coupler designed in OpenSCAD. I want to be able to connect two rods of different diameters, and I'd like to use a double-nut setup inside the coupler for each rod to provide a more secure connection.

Here's what I need:

*   **Rod A Parameters:**
    *   `shaft_diameter_a`: Diameter of the rod for side A.
    *   `nut_diameter_a`: Outer diameter of the nut for side A.
    *   `nut_length_a`: Length of the nut for side A.
    *   `shaft_length_a`: Length of the rod that needs to fit inside the coupler on side A.
*   **Rod B Parameters:**
    *   `shaft_diameter_b`: Diameter of the rod for side B.
    *   `nut_diameter_b`: Outer diameter of the nut for side B.
    *   `nut_length_b`: Length of the nut for side B.
    *   `shaft_length_b`: Length of the rod that needs to fit inside the coupler on side B.
*   **Coupler Parameters:**
    *   `coupler_mount_hole_diameter`: Diameter of the mounting holes on the coupler.
    *   `coupler_extra_thickness`: Extra thickness/padding around the coupler's main body.
* **General Design:**
    * The coupler should have a cylindrical main body.
    * It should have an internal cylindrical cutout for each of the rods (A and B).
    * There needs to be two nut-shaped recesses per rod end for the double nut.
    * Mounting holes should be positioned radially around each rod end.
    * I want to avoid having the nuts directly on the shafts.
* **Libraries:**
    * Use BOSL2.

Basically, the design should look similar to the image I can show you, but it needs to be fully parametric and use the double-nut design. Can you generate the OpenSCAD file(s) for me?

[Assistant]
Coupler.scad:
```
shaft_diameter_a = 8;
nut_diameter_a = 15;
nut_length_a = 6.4;
shaft_length_a = 10;

shaft_diameter_b = 14.6;
nut_diameter_b = 5;
nut_length_b = 6.4;
shaft_length_b = 8;

coupler_mount_hole_diameter = 3.7;
coupler_extra_thickness = 1;

thickest_diam = shaft_diameter_a > shaft_diameter_b ? shaft_diameter_a : shaft_diameter_b;

translate([0,0,thickest_diam/2 + coupler_extra_thickness])
rotate([180,0,0])
{

    difference()
    {
        hull()
        {
            translate([
                        shaft_diameter_a + (1*coupler_extra_thickness) + coupler_mount_hole_diameter,
            -(shaft_length_a -coupler_extra_thickness),0])
            cylinder(r=coupler_extra_thickness,h=thickest_diam/2 + coupler_extra_thickness, $fn=28);

            mirror([1,0,0])
            translate([
                        shaft_diameter_a + (1*coupler_extra_thickness) + coupler_mount_hole_diameter,
            -(shaft_length_a -coupler_extra_thickness),0])
            cylinder(r=coupler_extra_thickness,h=thickest_diam/2 + coupler_extra_thickness, $fn=28);

            translate([
                        shaft_diameter_b + (1*coupler_extra_thickness) + coupler_mount_hole_diameter,
            (shaft_length_b -coupler_extra_thickness),0])
            cylinder(r=coupler_extra_thickness,h=thickest_diam/2 + coupler_extra_thickness, $fn=28);

            mirror([1,0,0])
            translate([
                        shaft_diameter_b + (1*coupler_extra_thickness) + coupler_mount_hole_diameter,
            (shaft_length_b -coupler_extra_thickness),0])
            cylinder(r=coupler_extra_thickness,h=thickest_diam/2 + coupler_extra_thickness, $fn=28);
        }

        color("Red")
        rotate([90,0,0])
        cylinder(r=shaft_diameter_a/2,h=shaft_length_a+1,$fn=shaft_diameter_a*5);

        color("Blue")
        rotate([-90,0,0])
        cylinder(r=shaft_diameter_b/2,h=shaft_length_b+1,$fn=shaft_diameter_b*5);

        /*
         *
         *  Mounting
         *
         */
        color("Green")
        translate([shaft_diameter_a/2 + coupler_extra_thickness + coupler_mount_hole_diameter*1.5,-shaft_length_a/2,0])
        cylinder(r=coupler_mount_hole_diameter/2,h=50,$fn=38);

        mirror([1,0,0])
        color("Green")
        translate([shaft_diameter_a/2 + coupler_extra_thickness + coupler_mount_hole_diameter*1.5,-shaft_length_a/2,0])
        cylinder(r=coupler_mount_hole_diameter/2,h=50,$fn=38);

        color("Green")
        translate([shaft_diameter_b/2 + coupler_extra_thickness + coupler_mount_hole_diameter*1.5,shaft_length_b/2,0])
        cylinder(r=coupler_mount_hole_diameter/2,h=50,$fn=38);

        mirror([1,0,0])
        color("Green")
        translate([shaft_diameter_b/2 + coupler_extra_thickness + coupler_mount_hole_diameter*1.5,shaft_length_b/2,0])
        cylinder(r=coupler_mount_hole_diameter/2,h=50,$fn=38);

        /*
         *
         *  Nut
         *
         */

        color("Red")
        translate([0,-shaft_length_a+nut_length_a - 0.2,0])
        rotate([90,0,0])
        cylinder(r=nut_diameter_a/2,h=nut_length_a,$fn=6);

        color("Blue")
        translate([0,shaft_length_b-nut_length_b + 0.2,0])
        rotate([-90,0,0])
        cylinder(r=nut_diameter_b/2,h=nut_length_b,$fn=6);
    }
}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric flower design that I can 3D print, similar to the "drooloop" or "loopy" flowers I've seen before. The main feature I'm aiming for is a petal that's wider at the end than at the base, kind of like a stretched teardrop. I'm also interested in having a more customized and complex center section, potentially with stigma.

Here's a breakdown of the features I'm looking for, with some parameters I'd like to be able to control:

**General Flower Structure:**

*   **Upside-down Printing:** The flower should be designed to be printed upside-down, starting with a base that sticks to the print bed, and the petals going up from there.
*   **Layered Petals:** The petals should be arranged in layers that are stacked vertically with a slight twist or rotation relative to the previous layer.
*   **Parametric:** I want to control things like:
    *   Number of petal layers (and the twist angle between each layer).
    *   Total height of the flower.
    *   Height at which the petals start.
    *   The length of the petals at the bottom and top layer - I'd like the length to increase smoothly from the bottom to the top.
    *   The base and top radius of the flower's central cylinder.
    *   The radius of the base area that sticks to the bed.
*  **Petal Shape:**
    *  The petal shape should be wider at the end than at the base. The basic shape of each petal will be a cuboid.
    *   I want to control the width and thickness of the petals.
   *   I also want to adjust the angle at which the petals extend from the central cylinder.
   *   I'd like to also control the direction that the petals twist in, either clockwise or counterclockwise.
*  **Flower Center:**
    *   I need the ability to choose whether or not to include a stigma (the pointy bits at the end of the pistil).
    *   If a stigma is included, I want to control
        *   The number of stigma points.
        *   The radius of the stigma.
        *   The width of the stigma base.
        *   The height of the stigma.

**Specific Parameter Details:**

I'm thinking of something like this for default or example values:

*   **`p_number` (Petal Layer Symmetry):** 3-16 (start with 3)
*   **`twist` (Twist angle between petal layers):** 0-54 (start with 42)
*   **`plower_radius` (Center cylinder lower radius):** 2.5
*  **`ptop_radius` (Center cylinder top radius):** 2.5
*   **`rc` (Radius for area sticking to bed):** 2.5
*   **`total_height`:** 10
*   **`p_start_height`:** 3
*   **`p_lenght_lower` (Petal length lower layer):** 8
*   **`p_lenght_top` (Petal length top layer):** 20
*   **`stigma` (Include stigma?):** 0 (no) or 1 (yes)
*   **`stig_number` (Stigma symmetry):** 2-12 (start with 6)
*  **`stig_radius` (Stigma radius):** 10
*   **`stig_width` (Stigma width):** 1
*   **`stig_height` (Stigma height):** 3
*   **`p_width` (Petal width):** 0.8
*   **`p_height` (Petal height):** 0.2
*  **`p_angle` (Petal angle from center):** 90 (straight out)
*  **`direction` (Twist direction):** -1 (counter-clockwise) or 1 (clockwise)

I expect that you can handle the calculations for spacing and layering the petals. I think the most complex part will be the petal shape, with the expansion at the end.

I'm also assuming you'll create the code from scratch rather than trying to modify existing files, and I'm fine with using the default OpenSCAD libraries. I'm really interested to see what you come up with!

[Assistant]
Mark_flower-2.0.web_wide_petals.scad:
```
//mark flower 2.0 wide petals  CC BY-SA
//loopy flower creator wide petals - deliberatly printing in the air!
//mark peeters August 3, 2015
//You may want to turn off fans once the petals start printing, unless you like the blown effect
//this is derived from mark flower 1.8-web.scad which can be found here: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:240158
// preview[view:south, tilt:side]

/* [flower center parameters] */

//the flower is upside down when modeled and printed
// Petal layer symmetry
p_number=3; //[3:16]
// Twist angle between each petal layer..  good pair values for (p_number,twist) are (8,26),(7&8&9,33),(3&4&5&6,42),(4&5,46) more fun angles (26.832,32.863,37.947,42.426,46.476,50.2,53.666)
twist=42;
// Flower center cylinder lower radius(remember printing upside down)
plower_radius=2.5;
// Flower center cylinder top radius(remember printing upside down)
ptop_radius=2.5;
// radius for area sticking to bed-! DO NOT MAKE rc<plower_radius - ALSO if using stigma this can be small
rc=2.5;

/* [petal parameters] */
// Flower total height
total_height=10;
// Petals start at this height, for spherical center set equal to "plower_radius"
p_start_height=3;
//petal lenght lower layer (remember printing upside down)
p_lenght_lower=8;
//petal lenght top layer (remember printing upside down)
p_lenght_top=20;

/* [Stigma parameters] */
//the stimga is the pointy parts on the end of the Pistil, yes for Pistil, No if doing a disk/spherical type center
stigma=1;//[0:no,1:yes]
//Stigma layer symmetry
stig_number=6;//[2:12]
//Stigma radius, make >plower_radius or it will not show
stig_radius=10;
//Stigma width at base, keep small
stig_width=1;
//Stigma height OR how far up the Style will it go?(remember printing upside down)
stig_height=3;

/* [advanced parameters] */
//petal width, - SET TO SLICE WALL VALUE that you will use.(I like 0.8mm and ignore nozzle, it seems to work well for both 0.4mm and 0.35mm nozzles I use, and makes the inside of the flower two passes, zero infill, no top)
p_width=.8;
//petal height - SET TO SLICE LAYER VALUE that you will use. (I LIKE 0.2mm, i want a good string coming out when printing in air. if you see petals dissapear make this value a bit bigger like 0.11mm for slicing at 0.1mm or 0.21mm if slicing at 0.2mm)
p_height=.2;
//petal angle at cylinder surface, 90 is straight out 180 tangent.
p_angle=90;
//Turning direction.
direction=-1;//[-1:counterclockwise,1:clockwise]

/* [hidden] */

//CALULATED VALUES
p_vnum=(total_height-p_start_height)/p_height;// total numnber of petal vertical layers
p_vertical_count=p_vnum-1;// for loop
p_length_step=(p_lenght_top-p_lenght_lower)/p_vertical_count;//per layer petal length steps
p_raduis_step=(ptop_radius-plower_radius)/p_vertical_count;//per layer petal displacement , gotta keep this shit together you know
hdown=plower_radius-sqrt(plower_radius*plower_radius-rc*rc);//height needed to get proper area for bed sticking , it's a "spherical cap" calculation based on rc&rs

//****flower center-pistil*********************************
//hull just insures smooth transtion from sticking area if you make p_start_height<plower_radius, other wise it's not really needed
hull () {    //start hull
difference() {   //start ovary (more or less)
translate([0,0,plower_radius-hdown]) sphere(plower_radius,$fn=50);//flower center sphere
translate([-rc,-rc,-rc*2]) cube(rc*2);//remove bottom to get desired rc area sticking to bed
translate([0,0,plower_radius*2]) cube(plower_radius*2,center=true);//trim top of sphere
			} //end ovary
translate([0,0,p_start_height])
cylinder($fn=100,r1=plower_radius,r2=ptop_radius,total_height-p_start_height);//core base for petal section
			}//end hull
if (stigma==1){
stigma(stig_number,stig_radius,stig_width,stig_height);
}
//*****end flower center-pistil*************************

//****flower assemble petals*********************************
for (j=[0:p_vertical_count]) {//petal horizontal layers
	rotate([0,0,j*twist]) translate([0,0,p_start_height+j*p_height])
		for (i=[1:p_number]) {//single petal layer
			rotate ([0,0,i*360/p_number])
   		translate([0,plower_radius+p_raduis_step*j-1,0])
			rotate ([0,0,p_angle])
			color ("blue")
			petal(p_lenght_lower+p_length_step*j,p_width,p_height,p_number);
		}//end i single petal layer
} //end j horizontal layers

//petal(20,.8,.2);//uncomment and use ! for testing****************
module petal_hull(p_l,p_w,p_h,p_number,shave) {
petal_r=0.5*p_l*tan(180/p_number);
hull() {
cube([p_l,p_w,p_h]);//petal shaft
translate([p_l,p_w/2,0]) cylinder(r=petal_r-shave,p_h);
}//end hull
}//end module petal*********************************************

module petal(p_l,p_w,p_h) {
petal_r=0.5*p_l*tan(180/p_number);
difference() {
petal_hull(p_l,p_w,p_h,p_number,0);//petal out
translate([0,0,-1]) petal_hull(p_l,p_w,p_h+2,p_number,p_w);//petal remove
}//end hull
translate([p_w/2,0,0])
rotate(asin((petal_r-p_w/2)/p_l),0,0)cube([cos(asin((petal_r-p_w*2)/p_l))*p_l,p_w,p_h]);//petal shaft
rotate(-asin((petal_r-p_w/2)/p_l),0,0)cube([cos(asin((petal_r-p_w*2)/p_l))*p_l,p_w,p_h]);//petal shaft

}//end module petal*********************************************

module petal2(p_l,p_w,p_h) {
union() {
cube([p_l,p_w,p_h]);//petal shaft
translate([p_l,p_w/2,0]) cylinder(r=p_w*2,p_h);//petal smooth tip
}//end union
}//end module petal*********************************************

// !stigma(1,10,2,5);//uncomment and use ! for testing****************
module stigma(s_n,s_r,s_w,s_h) {//(number,radius,width,height)
stig_points=[ [s_r,0,0],[0,-s_w,0],[0,s_w,0], // the three points at base
           [0,0,s_h]  ];                      		   // the apex point
stig_triangles=[ [0,1,3],[1,2,3],[2,0,3],          // each triangle side
              [0,2,1] ];               			 // one triangle base
for (i=[1:s_n])     {
rotate([0,0,i*(360/s_n)]) polyhedron(stig_points,stig_triangles);
			}
}//end module stigma*********************************************

```