[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a customizable Easter egg lamp, and I have some pretty specific ideas about how it should work. I'd like a design that allows me to adjust the overall size, thickness, and base, and also imprint patterns and text.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

**Overall Shape and Size:**

*   The core shape should be an egg, created by scaling a sphere vertically. I need to be able to adjust:
    *   The diameter of the base sphere (horizontal circle).
    *   The vertical scaling factor to control how "eggy" it looks.
*   It needs a base cylinder to stand on. I should be able to set:
    *   The diameter of the base cylinder.
    *  An extra height that extends below the egg.

*   I'd like to control how thick the egg shell is, setting a single shell thickness value.
*   Also, I want to be able to set a height where the egg cuts off, and where the base cylinder then meets the sphere.
*   Finally, the design should allow me to choose whether to generate only the inner shell, the outer shell, or both for rigidity.

**Pattern Imprinting:**

*   I want to be able to imprint a pattern onto the egg surface, and I need to choose between:
    *   A triangle pattern.
    *   A circle pattern.
    *   A custom pattern, defined by a polygon.
*  The size of the pattern should be adjustable.
*   The pattern layout needs options, including:
    *   Random placement.
    *   A cylinder around the equator of the egg.
    *   A spiral from bottom to top.
    *   A double spiral with an offset.
    *   Projecting the pattern to just the top of the egg.
    * A 5-point projection, projecting 5 different custom polygons onto the North, South, East, West, and top of the egg.
*   For placement of the pattern, I need:
     * A way to set the number of times the pattern is repeated.
     * For random placement: a seed for the random positions
     * A setting to rotate the pattern randomly around its center
     * For spiral layout, the number of rotations from bottom to top
     * For the double spiral layout, an extra rotation offset for the second spiral

**Text:**

*   I need a way to add text around the equator of the egg. I need to:
    *   Set the text content.
    *   Set how much of the circumference to use for the text.

**Extra Polygons:**

* If I am choosing the 5-point projection, I need to provide the following:
   * A custom polygon for the North position, and a scale factor.
   * A custom polygon for the South position, and a scale factor.
   * A custom polygon for the East position, and a scale factor.
   * A custom polygon for the West position, and a scale factor.

**Libraries and Features:**

*   I'll need to use the `MCAD/fonts.scad` library for the text functionality.
*   I'd also like to use the `utils/build_plate.scad` library, which should allow for selecting between several build plates or providing manual build plate dimensions.
*   I would also need to be able to extrude polygons and use linear extrusions.

Could you generate the appropriate OpenSCAD code to achieve this? I'm looking for a parametric design, so I can tweak all of these values easily.

[Assistant]
easterlamp_v05.scad:
```
// Licence: Creative Commons, Attribution
// Created: 04-2014 by bmcage http://www.thingiverse.com/bmcage

// An LED lamp holder for easter

/* [Size] */

//diameter of the horizontal circle in mm
diameter = 40;  //[10:150]
//vertical scale factor to make it an egge (choose number from 1 to 2)
eggscale = 1.2;
//single shell thickness, take your nozzle diameter as minimum
th_shell = 0.6;
//base cylinder diameter in mm.
base_diam = 24; //[5:100]
//base extra height under egg
base_extra_height=20; // [0:20]
//The part to generate. Print both for rigidity, or increase shell thickness if only one!
part="both"; // [inner,outer,both]
//cuttoff position of egg where we the base ends
h_cuttoff = 20; //[0:200]

/* [Pattern] */

//pattern to imprint on the egg. Use custom to give a custom polygon below
pattern = "circle"; //[triangle,circle,custom]
//Scale the pattern to the size you want. Use 0.1 as start for a custom pattern.
patternscale = 0.2; //
//For custom pattern, draw here the polygon to use (default is a simple square)
custom_polygon = [[[-10,10],[10,10],[10,-10],[-10,-10]],[[0,1,2,3]] ]; //[draw_polygon:100x100]

/* [Layout and Text] */
//how to layout the pattern: 1/random, 2/a cylinder at the equator, 3/a spiral from bottom to top, 4/a double spiral, 5/only display pattern at the top of the egg 6/use 5 polygon to project on North, South, East, West and Top, you need to give 4 extra custom polygons.
repeattype = "random"; //[random, cylinder,spiral,doublespiral,topproject,5point]
//how many times the pattern should be present
patternrepeat = 30;  //[1:100]
//For layout random, give a seed to generate the positions
random_seed = 121;  //[0:3200]
//Rotate pattern around it's center in a random way or not
rotate_pattern="true";  //[true,false]
//for layout spiral, how many rotations from botton to top
spiral_circles = 4; //[1:10]
//for layout doublespiral, extra rotation offset for second spiral
dh_angle=45; //[0:180]

//text to write on equator
text = "Ingegno.be";
//fraction of the circumference to use for the text (value between 0.1 and 0.9)
textcircum = 0.8;

/* [Extra Polygons] */

//The North Polygon for 5 point layout
north_polygon = [[[-10,0],[0,10],[10,0]],[[0,1,2]] ]; //[draw_polygon:100x100]
//Scale of north polygon.
north_scale = 0.3; //
//The South Polygon for 5 point layout
south_polygon = [[[-10,10],[0,0],[10,10]],[[0,1,2]] ]; //[draw_polygon:100x100]
//Scale of north polygon.
south_scale = 0.3; //
//The East Polygon for 5 point layout
east_polygon = [[[0,10],[10,0],[0,-10],[-10,0]],[[0,1,2,3]] ]; //[draw_polygon:100x100]
//Scale of north polygon.
east_scale = 0.3; //
//The West Polygon for 5 point layout
west_polygon = [[[-10,10],[10,10],[10,-10],[-10,-10]],[[0,1,2,3]] ]; //[draw_polygon:100x100]
//Scale of north polygon.
west_scale = 0.3; //

use <utils/build_plate.scad>;
use <MCAD/fonts.scad>;

//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 0; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

//code begins, dummy module to indicate this
module test(){
  echo("test");
}

// sin(alpha) = R_C/R_S, cos(alpha) = sqrt(1- (R_C/R_S)**2)
// cutoff sphere is R_S*(1-cos(alpha)
sinalpha = base_diam/2 / (diameter/2);
cosalpha = sqrt(1-pow(sinalpha,2));
rcuttoff = diameter/2*(1-cosalpha);

module easterlamp(diam, transdist)
{
translate([0,0,transdist])
 	{
	 difference()
		{
 		 scale([1,1,eggscale]) sphere(r = diam/2, $fn=60);
	 	 union(){
 		 scale([1,1,eggscale]) sphere(r = diam/2-th_shell*eggscale, $fn=60);
    	 translate([0,0,-eggscale*diam]) cylinder(r=base_diam/2, h=eggscale*diam);
		 }
		}
	}
}

module filledfoot()
{
cylinder(r=base_diam/2, h=base_extra_height+eggscale*rcuttoff+2, $fn=40);
}

module foot()
{
difference()
	{
 	 filledfoot();
 	 translate([0,0,-0.05])cylinder(r=base_diam/2-2*th_shell*eggscale, h=base_extra_height+eggscale*rcuttoff+2.1, $fn=40);
	}
}

module singlepattern()
{
//translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
	{scale([patternscale,patternscale,1])
		{
		 if (pattern == "triangle")
		 { translate([0,0,1*eggscale*diameter/4]) linear_extrude(height = eggscale*diameter/4, convexity = 10)
           polygon(points=[[-10,0],[0,10],[10,0]]);
		 }
		 if (pattern == "circle")
		 { translate([0,0,1*eggscale*diameter/4]) cylinder(r=10, h=eggscale*diameter/4, $fn=20);
		 }
		 if (pattern =="custom")
		 {translate([0,0,1*eggscale*diameter/4]) linear_extrude(height = eggscale*diameter/4, convexity = 10)
			 polygon(points = custom_polygon[0], paths = custom_polygon[1]);
		 }
	   }
	}
}

module rotsinglepattern(rotangle)
{
 if (rotate_pattern=="true")
	{rotate([0,0,rotangle]) singlepattern();
	} else {
	 singlepattern();
	}
}

module manypatterns()
{
random_numbers=rands(0,360,2*patternrepeat,random_seed);
union(){
 if (repeattype == "random")
  {
  for (i=[1:patternrepeat])
	{
	 translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
		rotate([0,10+random_numbers[i-1]/360*160,random_numbers[i]])
		{
		 rotsinglepattern(random_numbers[i]);
	 	}
	}
  }
 if (repeattype == "cylinder")
  {
  for (i=[1:patternrepeat])
	{
	 translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
		rotate([0,90,i*360/patternrepeat])
		{
		 rotsinglepattern(random_numbers[i]);
	 	}
	}
  }
 if (repeattype == "topproject" || repeattype == "5point")
  {
	 translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
		{
		 rotsinglepattern(random_numbers[0]);
	 	}
  }
 if (repeattype == "5point")
  { //North
	 translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
     rotate([90,0,180])
	   scale([north_scale,north_scale,1])
		  translate([0,0,1*eggscale*diameter/4]) linear_extrude(height = eggscale*diameter/4, convexity = 10)
			 polygon(points = north_polygon[0], paths = north_polygon[1]);
   //East
	 translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
     rotate([90,0,90])
	   scale([east_scale,east_scale,1])
		  translate([0,0,1*eggscale*diameter/4]) linear_extrude(height = eggscale*diameter/4, convexity = 10)
			 polygon(points = east_polygon[0], paths = east_polygon[1]);
   //South
	 translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
     rotate([90,0,0])
	   scale([south_scale,south_scale,1])
		  translate([0,0,1*eggscale*diameter/4]) linear_extrude(height = eggscale*diameter/4, convexity = 10)
			 polygon(points = south_polygon[0], paths = south_polygon[1]);
   //West
	 translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
     rotate([90,0,-90])
	   scale([west_scale,west_scale,1])
		  translate([0,0,1*eggscale*diameter/4]) linear_extrude(height = eggscale*diameter/4, convexity = 10)
			 polygon(points = west_polygon[0], paths = west_polygon[1]);
  }
 if (repeattype == "spiral" || repeattype == "doublespiral")
  {
  for (i=[1:patternrepeat])
	{
	 translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
		rotate([0,10+i*160/patternrepeat, i*360/patternrepeat*spiral_circles])
		{
		 rotsinglepattern(random_numbers[i]);
	 	}
	}
  if (repeattype == "doublespiral")
   {
   for (i=[1:patternrepeat])
	 {translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
	  //difference()
     {
		 rotate([0,10+i*160/patternrepeat, -i*360/patternrepeat*spiral_circles+dh_angle])
		 {
		  rotsinglepattern(random_numbers[i]);
	 	 }
	  //cube([diameter/2,diameter/2,diameter/2], center=true);
     }
	 }
   }
  }
 }
}

//process the text, we have beta_1 for the symbol, use beta_2 for border!
thisFont=8bit_polyfont();
x_shift=thisFont[0][0];
y_shift=thisFont[0][1];
theseIndicies=search(text,thisFont[2],1,1);
wordlength = (len(theseIndicies));

factorygap = 3;
scale_x = PI * diameter * textcircum/wordlength / x_shift;
scale_y = (diameter*eggscale/5) / y_shift;
//thicknessword = text_thickness * nozzlediam;

// Create the Text
module alltext() {
    for( j=[0:(len(theseIndicies)-1)] )
        {
			translate([0,0,eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1])
			rotate([90,0,j*360 * textcircum/wordlength])
        	translate([0,0,2.8*eggscale*diameter/8]) scale([scale_x,scale_y,1]){
          linear_extrude(height=1.2*eggscale*diameter/8)
            polygon(points=thisFont[2][theseIndicies[j]][6][0],paths=thisFont[2][theseIndicies[j]][6][1]);
        }
      }
}

centeregg = eggscale*diameter/2+base_extra_height-0.1;
module fullobject()
{
if (part =="both")
	{
	 easterlamp(diameter-2*th_shell*eggscale+0.05, centeregg);
	}

if (part =="inner")
	{difference() {
   	 easterlamp(diameter-2*th_shell*eggscale-0.05, centeregg);
		 foot();
	 }
	}

if (part == "outer" || part == "both")
	{
 	 foot();
	 difference()
	 {
		easterlamp(diameter, centeregg);
		manypatterns();
      alltext();
	 }
	}
}

//module easterlamp()
//{
if (h_cuttoff>0)
{
translate([0,0,-h_cuttoff+0.01])
 difference()
	{
	 fullobject();
	 translate([-diameter/2,-diameter/2,-0.01]) cube([diameter, diameter,h_cuttoff]);
	}
} else {
 fullobject();
}
//}
//alltext();
//easterlamp();
//manypatterns();

```


[User]
Hi there! I'm looking for some help designing a 3D printable book ring, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD. I've seen a few designs online, but I want something customizable.

Essentially, the ring needs to have a central thumb hole, and then two 'wings' that extend out from the side that you would use to hold open a book. I'd like the design to be parametric so I can adjust it for different sized books and fingers.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **`thumb_hole_diameter`**: The diameter of the hole for your thumb.
*   **`thumb_hole_offset`**: The vertical displacement of the thumb hole. Zero puts the hole right at the intersection of the central cylinder and the wing. Positive moves the thumb hole upwards relative to the corner, and negative moves it downwards.
*   **`wall_thickness`**: The thickness of the material making up the ring and wings.
*   **`height`**: The overall height/thickness of the book ring.
*   **`wing_length`**: The distance from the center of the ring to the tip of the wing.
*   **`wing_angle`**: The angle of the wings extending from the center; smaller angles will hold the pages flatter.

The overall design will consist of a central cylinder with the thumb hole in it, and then a wing extending out from either side of the cylinder, with the angle controllable with a parameter, and a small amount of connecting material in the interior to add strength.  The wings should have a rounded triangular shape (a triangle with rounded vertices). The 'spar' material connecting the wings to the central cylinder needs to have a cutaway in it so that it sits alongside the central cylinder without colliding with it.

I'm hoping for a design that is clean, easy to modify, and robust enough for everyday use. I do not want any specific libraries included. Can you help me create the OpenSCAD files for this?

[Assistant]
bookring.scad:
```
/* [Book Ring] */

// Diameter of central thumb hole.
thumb_hole_diameter = 17;

// Displacement of thumb hole above corner.
thumb_hole_offset = 0;

wall_thickness = 3;

height = 10;

// Wing span from center to tip.
wing_length = 30;

// Angle of wings. Smaller angles hold the pages flatter.
angle = 25;

/* [Hidden] */

thumb_radius = thumb_hole_diameter / 2;
$fn = 50;

bookring(thumb_radius, wall_thickness, height);

module bookring(thumb_radius, wall, height) {
	difference() {
		union() {

			// Thumb hole stock
			translate([0, (thumb_radius + (wall / 2)) + thumb_hole_offset, 0])
				cylinder(r = (thumb_radius + wall), h = height);

			// Right wing
			rotate([0, 0, angle])
				union() {
					wing(wall);
					spar((thumb_radius * 2.25), ((thumb_radius * 2.25) + wall), wall);
					spar((wing_length - wall), (wing_length * 2), wall);
				}

			// Left wing
			rotate([0, 0, (-angle)])
				mirror([1, 0, 0]) {
					wing(wall);
					spar((thumb_radius * 2.25), ((thumb_radius * 2.25) + wall), wall);
					spar((wing_length - wall), (wing_length * 2), wall);
				}
		}

		// Thumb hole
		translate([0, (thumb_radius + (wall / 2)) +thumb_hole_offset, -0.5])
			cylinder(r = thumb_radius, h = height+1);
	}
}

module wing(wall) {
	difference() {

		// Exterior perimeter of wing (rounded triangle)
		hull() {
			cylinder(r = wall, h = height);

			translate([wing_length, 0, 0])
				cylinder(r = wall, h = height);

			translate([0, (thumb_radius * 1.5), 0])
				cylinder(r = wall, h = height);
		}

		// Interior perimeter (cutout)
		hull() {
			translate([0, 0, -0.5])
				cylinder(r = 0.1, h = height+1);

			translate([wing_length, 0, -0.5])
				cylinder(r = 0.1, h = height+1);

			translate([0, (thumb_radius * 1.5), -0.5])
				cylinder(r = 0.1, h = height+1);
		}
	}
}

module spar(innerradius, outerradius, wall) {
	intersection() {
		hull() {
			cylinder(r = wall, h = height);
			translate([wing_length, 0, 0])
				cylinder(r = wall, h = height);
			translate([0, (thumb_radius * 1.5), 0])
				cylinder(r = wall, h = height);
		}
		difference() {
			translate([0, thumb_radius, 0])
				cylinder(r = outerradius, h = height);
			translate([0, thumb_radius, -0.5])
				cylinder(r = innerradius, h = height+1);
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Hey there, I'm looking to generate some mesostructured cellular materials using OpenSCAD, kind of like the cool stuff AndreasBastian did on Thingiverse (thing:289650). I want to be able to customize a bunch of parameters, so I figured a parametric approach would be best.

Basically, I need to create a sheet of this material, and I'd want to control the overall width and height of the sheet. Then, I'd like the option to choose between a triangular or square node structure, and set the size of each node/cell.

The individual pattern lines within the mesh are also important; I'd need to be able to control the thickness of the sheet, how many turns there are in each of those patterned lines, and the width of the lines themselves. Also, some kind of spacing adjustment would be crucial to prevent the curves from overlapping.

I’d also like a way to render a simple rectangle at the specified width and height to visually check the overall size without it being part of the final rendered piece.

I think it'd make sense to break the code into modules – like a `mesostructure` module that assembles the whole sheet from rows, and then `row` and `unit` and `squig` modules to build up the geometry from the ground up. Then, there should be the `qring`, `halfring`, and `ring` modules which generate the little curved bits.

Could you help me put together the necessary OpenSCAD code for this? It would be great if the code was well-commented, too.  I don't think I need any external libraries for this.  Thanks!

[Assistant]
Generalized_Mesostructured_Cellular_Materials_vCustomizer.scad:
```
//preview[view:north,tilt:top]

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////          *Customizer variables*          //////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/* [Basics] */
//What color do you want to render in?
primary_color="blue"; //[black,silver,gray,white,maroon,red,purple,fuchsia,green,lime,olive,yellow,navy,blue,te

//Roughly how wide of a sheet do you want to generate (the design will make a sheet slightly bigger)?
width=30;

//Roughly how tall of a sheet do you want to generate (the design will make a sheet slightly bigger)?
height=20;

//Choose triangular or square node structure
base_shape=3; //[3:Triangle,4:Square]

//Choose the size of the mesh
side_length=3;

//How thick do you want the sheet to be (in mm)?
thickness=4;

//How many turns do you want in the pattern lines?
turns=7;

//How wide should the pattern lines be (best to use multiples of .4 mm, assuming .4mm extrusion width)?
line_width=.4;

//Render a rectangle of the size above for reference?  This sheet will NOT be included in the final part generated by customizer!
render_size_reference=0; //[1:yes,0:no]

//Use this variable if the curves make contact with each other.  Higher numbers create more spacing between adjacent curves.
space_adjustment=.25;

///////////////////////////

side=side_length;
spaca=space_adjustment;

tht=360/base_shape/2;
p2p=2*side/sin(tht);

rows=ceil(width/(2*p2p*sin(tht))+.5*(base_shape-2*floor(base_shape/2)));
columns=ceil(height/(2*p2p*sin(tht)));

echo("rows wide = ",rows,", columns tall = ",columns);

color(primary_color)mesostructure(r=rows,c=columns,
		base_shape=base_shape,
		side_length=side_length,
		line_width=line_width,
		turns=turns,
		thickness=thickness,
		spaca=spaca);

if(render_size_reference==1){
	%color("black")
	translate([0,0,.51])
	cube([width,height,1],center=true);
}

///////TEST NET///////////
//for(i=[0,1])for(j=[0,1]){
//	translate([15*(-1+2*i),15*(-1+2*j)])net(r=2,c=2,base_shape=3+i,turns=turns+j);
//}

///////TEST ROW/////
//for(i=[0,1])for(j=[0,1]){
//	translate([20*(-1+2*i),10*(-1+2*j)])row(n=3,base_shape=3+i,turns=turns+j);
//}

///////TEST UNIT/////
//for(i=[0,1])for(j=[0,1]){
//	translate([10*(-1+2*i),10*(-1+2*j)])unit(base_shape=3+i,turns=turns+j);
//}

/////TEST SQUIG////
//for(i=[0,1])for(j=[0,1]){
//	translate([6*(-1+2*i),6*(-1+2*j)])squig(base_shape=3+i,turns=turns+j);
//}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////FINAL BUILD CODE////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
module mesostructure(r=2,c=3,
	base_shape=3,
	side_length=3,
	line_width=.4,
	turns=6,
	height=5,
	spaca=.5,
	res=12){

	linear_extrude(height=thickness)
	net(r=r,c=c,
		base_shape=base_shape,
		side_length=side_length,
		line_width=line_width,
		turns=turns,
		spaca=spaca,
		res=res);

}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////NET CODE////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
module net(r=2,c=3,
	base_shape=3,
	side_length=3,
	line_width=.4,
	turns=6,
	spaca=.5,
	res=12){

	tht=360/base_shape/2;
	p2p=2*side_length/sin(tht);

	if(base_shape==3){
		translate([0,-p2p*(1+cos(tht))*(c-1)/2])
		for(i=[0:c-1]){
			translate([p2p*sin(tht)*(i-2*floor(i/2)),p2p*(1+cos(tht))*i])row(n=r,
					base_shape=base_shape,
					side_length=side_length,
					line_width=line_width,
					turns=turns,
					spaca=spaca,
					res=res);
		}
	}

	echo(c);

	if(base_shape==4){
		translate([0,2*p2p*sin(tht)*(.5-c/2)])
		for(i=[0:c-1]){
			translate([0,2*p2p*sin(tht)*i])row(n=r,
					base_shape=base_shape,
					side_length=side_length,
					line_width=line_width,
					turns=turns,
					spaca=spaca,
					res=res);
		}
	}
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////ROW CODE////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

module row(n=5,
	base_shape=3,
	side_length=3,
	line_width=.4,
	turns=6,
	spaca=.5,
	res=12){

	tht=360/base_shape/2;
	p2p=2*side_length/sin(tht);

	if(base_shape==3){
		translate([-2*p2p*sin(tht)*(n-.5)/2,0])
		for(i=[0:n-1]){
				translate([2*p2p*sin(tht)*i,0])
				rotate([0,0,-tht/2])unit(base_shape=base_shape,
					side_length=side_length,
					line_width=line_width,
					turns=turns,
					spaca=spaca,
					res=res);
		}
	}

	if(base_shape==4){
		translate([-2*p2p*sin(tht)*(n-1)/2,0])
		for(i=[0:n-1]){
				translate([2*p2p*sin(tht)*i,0])
				rotate([0,0,tht])
				unit(base_shape=base_shape,
					side_length=side_length,
					line_width=line_width,
					turns=turns,
					spaca=spaca,
					res=res);
		}
	}

//translate([p2p*(1+cos(tht)),-p2p*sin(tht),0])

}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////UNIT CODE///////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

module unit(base_shape=3,
	side_length=3,
	line_width=.4,
	turns=6,
	spaca=.5,
	res=12){

	for(i=[0:base_shape-1])rotate([0,0,360/base_shape*i])
	squig(base_shape=base_shape,
		side_length=side_length,
		line_width=line_width,
		turns=turns,
		spaca=spaca,
		res=res);

}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////SQUIG CODE//////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

module squig(base_shape=3,
	side_length=3,
	line_width=.4,
	turns=6,
	spaca=.5,
	res=12){

	spacing=(side_length+line_width)/4;
	space_mult=spaca/floor(turns/2);
	tht=360/base_shape/2;
	p2p=2*side_length/sin(tht);
	seg=p2p/turns;
	span=2*side_length/cos(tht);
	line=min(line_width,seg/2);
	rt=seg/2;
	eo=turns-2*(floor(turns/2)); //0 for even, 1 for odd

	s1=[1,1];
	s2=[-1,-1+2*eo];

	//if turns is even, I want to scale [1,1] and [-1,-1]
	//if turns is odd, I want to scale [1,1] and [-1,1]

	//echo("eo=",eo);

	translate([seg*turns/2,0])for(k=[s1,s2])scale(k)translate([-seg*turns/2,0])union(){

		circle(r=line/2,$fn=res);
		translate([0,-line/2])square([rt,line]);

		translate([rt,-rt])qring(r=rt,line=line,res=res);

		difference(){
			for(i=[1:(turns-1)/2]){
				scale([1,(1-2*(i-2*floor(i/2)))])
				translate([	seg*i+rt,0]){
					translate([0,span/turns*(i+.5)-spacing*(1+i*space_mult)])
						halfring(r=rt,line=line,res=res);
					for(j=[1,-1])translate([j*rt,(span/turns*(i+.5)-spacing*(1+i*space_mult))/2])
						union(){
							square([line,(span/turns*(i+.5)-spacing*(1+i*space_mult))],center=true);
							for(k=[1,-1])translate([0,(span/turns*(i+.5)-spacing*(1+i*space_mult))/2*k])circle(r=line/2,$fn=res);
						}
				}

			}
			translate([0,-rt])square([seg+line,rt*2]);
		}
	}
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////RING CODES//////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

module qring(r,line,res=10){
	difference(){
		ring(r=r,line=line,res=res);
		translate([0,-(r+line)*2])square((r+line)*4,center=true);
		translate([-(r+line)*2,0])square((r+line)*4,center=true);
	}
}

module halfring(r,line,res=10){
	difference(){
		ring(r=r,line=line,res=res);
		translate([0,-(r+line)*2])square((r+line)*4,center=true);
	}
}

module ring(r,line,res=10){

	difference(){
			circle(r=r+line/2,$fn=res);
			circle(r=r-line/2,$fn=res);
	}

}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm really excited about this concept, so I hope we can make it work! I've been playing around with Mobius strips and rings lately, and I've been thinking about how to create a sort of meso-material by stacking them. I did a quick and dirty version in OpenSCAD (attached, MobiusMaterialVolume.scad), but it's far from optimal and could use a lot of refinement. I’m looking for a more robust and flexible parametric design, so here's what I'm envisioning:

**Overall Goal:**
I want a system that can generate 3D arrays of interconnected Mobius rings. These arrays can be linear (like a tube), planar, or three-dimensional. The rings themselves should be adjustable in terms of size, thickness, and number of twists/threads. The array spacing should also be parametric.

**Key Parameters and Desired Functionality:**

*   **Array Dimensions (size):** I need to be able to specify the size of the array in X, Y, and Z dimensions (e.g., 3x3x3, 1x10x1).

*   **Ring Shape (hexagonal):** A boolean to switch between orthogonal and hexagonal packing of the array. (1 for hexagonal, 0 for orthogonal)

*   **Number of Threads (threads):** I'd like to control the number of separate threads in each Mobius ring (from 1 to, say, 9).

*   **Loops per Thread (periods):** The number of times each thread twists or loops around. Again, I'd like a reasonable range (like 1 to 9).

*   **Inner Ring Diameter (insideDiameter):** The diameter of the hole at the center of the Mobius ring.

*   **Ring Amplitude (amplitude):** A value controlling the extent of the ring's "outward" curve, or radius around the center, not including the inner diameter.

*  **Wire Thickness (minDetail):**  The thickness of the 'wire' used to create the rings.

*   **Resolution of the Rings (numTheta):** A parameter to specify the number of steps along the circumference of the wire that builds each ring, affecting the smoothness of curves.

*   **Polygon Sides (fn):**  The number of sides for the polygon that shapes the "wire" (affecting the final cross-section).

*   **Spacing:** The distance between rings in the X, Y, and Z directions should be automatically calculated using the ring dimensions, but I'd like to be able to tweak this in case I need overlap or different ratios. If you have an easier way to specify this explicitly, please do it.

**Output Desired:**

*   I’d like a set of .scad files that allows me to easily adjust the above parameters and regenerate a design of the connected Mobius rings, using an easily understood and modular file structure, maybe broken down by function to make it easier to modify and update.

*   The code should be well-commented and easy to understand.

**Important Notes:**

*   I'm really interested in the structural properties of the meso-material, so the rings need to be precisely connected.
*   I'm also hoping that the file would be designed for easy customization, such as material changes or additional geometric features.
*   I'm thinking that the code might benefit from using BOSL2 or a similar library to facilitate creating more complex structures. Feel free to use anything that seems useful for this project!

I think that's everything. Let me know if you need more information or clarification about any of the parameters. I'm eager to see what you come up with!

[Assistant]
MobiusMaterialVolume.scad:
```
// by Les Hall
// started 4-16-2014

/* [Details] */

// extent of array
size = [3, 3, 3];

// 1 for hexagonal, 0 for orthogonal
hexagonal = 1;  // [0:1]

// number of separate threads
threads = 2;  // [1:9]

// number of loops per thread
periods = 3;  // [1:9]

// diameter of hole inside Mobius rings (mm)
insideDiameter = 8;  // [0:32]

// size of each loop (mm)
amplitude = 8;

// thickness of wire (mm)
minDetail = 2;

// number of steps per thread
numTheta = 64;  // [32:256]

// number of sides
$fn = 8;  // [3:16]

/* [Hidden] */
ringDiameter = insideDiameter + 2*amplitude + minDetail;
spacing = [ringDiameter+amplitude, ringDiameter+amplitude, 1.25*amplitude];

// the whole structure
for(x=[0:size[0]-1], y=[0:size[1]-1], z=[0:size[2]-1])
translate([spacing[0]*(x + hexagonal*(pow(-1, y+1)+1)*cos(60)/2), spacing[1]*y*(1*(1-hexagonal)+hexagonal*sin(60)), spacing[2]*z])
rotate(-z*360/threads/periods, [0, 0, 1])
wovenRing();

// one Mobius Ring
module wovenRing()
{
	for(t = [0:numTheta-1], k = [0:threads-1])
	hull()
   {
		slice(0, numTheta, periods, threads, ringDiameter, amplitude, t, k);
		slice(1, numTheta, periods, threads, ringDiameter, amplitude, t, k);
	}
}

//one slice
module slice(offset, numTh, numT, thr, Dia, amp, t, k)
{
	rotate((t+offset)*360/numTh, [0, 0, 1])
	translate([Dia/2, 0, 0])
	rotate(numT*(t+offset)*360/numTh-k*360/thr, [0, 1, 0])
	translate([amp, 0, 0])
	rotate(90, [1, 0, 0])
	cylinder(d=minDetail, h=minDetail, center = true);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a shelf camera mount, something like a clip that can grab onto the shelf and also hold a small camera using a standard angle bracket. I've seen designs similar to this online, but I need something parametric that I can adjust for different shelf thicknesses and bracket sizes.

Essentially, the design needs to be a "C" shape where the top and bottom parts of the "C" grip the shelf, and there's a slot in the back of the clip for the angle bracket to slide into. I need to be able to adjust the width, depth, and thicknesses of the clip, as well as the thickness of the shelf and the dimensions of the slot for the bracket.

Here are some specific dimensions to start with, but they need to be adjustable through parameters:

*   **Clip Width:** 30mm (this is the side-to-side dimension when mounted on the shelf)
*   **Clip Depth:** 20mm (this is how far out the clip extends from the front of the shelf)
*   **Clip Top Thickness:** 5mm
*   **Clip Bottom Thickness:** 2mm
*   **Clip Front Thickness:** 2mm (this refers to the front lip of the clip that will be just below the shelf)
*   **Shelf Thickness:** 17.66mm (this is the thickness of the shelf the clip attaches to)
*   **Slit Height (for bracket):** 2.56mm
*   **Slit Width (for bracket):** 16mm

I'd like the parameters to be clearly named so that I can adjust them easily. The code should also include comments that explain what each parameter does. The mount is going to be printed with the 'C' on it's side, so rotation will be needed for visualization purposes.

The design is fairly simple but needs to be robust so I can mount my camera safely. Can you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for this? I am particularly interested in how you'd go about implementing the parametric aspects, so could you explain your approach a little bit? I don't have any specific library needs (like BOSL or MCAD) but I'm open to any libraries if you think they might be helpful for this sort of task.

[Assistant]
ShelfCameraMount.scad:
```
// Shelf Camera Clip
// Hari Wiguna, 2014

clipWidth = 30;
clipDepth = 20;
clipTopThick = 5;
clipBottomThick = 2;
clipFrontThick = 2;

// Thickness of the shelf where we would clip this onto
shelfThick = 17.66;

// Slit where the angle bracket slides into
slitHeight = 2.56;
slitWidth = 16;

blockHeight = clipTopThick + shelfThick + clipBottomThick;

rotate([90,0,0])
difference()
{
	// ClipBlock
	cube([clipWidth, clipDepth, blockHeight]);

	// Opening for the shelf where we would clip this onto
	translate([0,clipFrontThick,clipBottomThick]) cube([clipWidth, clipDepth, shelfThick]);

	// Slit for the angle bracket
	translate([(clipWidth-slitWidth)/2, 0, clipBottomThick+shelfThick+1]) cube([slitWidth, clipDepth, slitHeight]);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a spring retainer for my Traxxas RC car and I want to be able to easily adjust the parameters. I'm thinking OpenSCAD is the best way to go. I've seen a couple of designs online but they are either too specific or don't take advantage of the fact that I'm 3-D printing these.

Basically, it's a small, cylindrical part that fits onto the shock shaft, holds the spring in place, and has a slot to allow it to slide over the shaft. I'd like it to be parametric so I can adjust the sizes to work with different RC cars.

Here's a breakdown of the features and parameters I need:

**Key Parameters:**

*   `ShaftDiameter`:  The diameter of the shock shaft itself. This will need to be a variable so I can use it with different car models.
*   `SpringDiameter`: The inner diameter of the spring, again, so it can adjust.
*   `RetainerHeight`:  The overall height of the retainer.
*   `SpringGrooveDepth`:  The depth of the groove that holds the spring, so I can have a good hold.
*  `SpringGrooveWidth`: The width of the groove for the spring.
*  `ShaftSlotWidth`: The width of the slot that allows it to go over the shaft.
*   `RetainerOuterDiameter`: The outer diameter of the retainer. This could be derived from the SpringDiameter, but I want to be able to independently control the outer size and make it parametric.
*   `ShaftSlotOffset`: I need to also control the depth of the slot on the side, which allows the retainer to slide over the shaft.
*  `FilletRadius`: I think rounding the top corners of the main cylinder will help with wear and give the part a nice, finished look.
* `InnerHoleDepth`: A hole at the bottom that will grip the shaft at the bottom.
* `InnerHoleTaper`: The bottom hole should also have a taper.

**General Design:**

1.  **Main Body:** A cylinder that is the main part of the retainer.
2.  **Spring Groove:** A recess on the top surface to hold the spring.
3.  **Shaft Hole:** A hole running through the middle for the shock shaft.
4.  **Shaft Slot:** A slot cut into the cylinder wall that allows the retainer to be slid onto the shock shaft without having to thread it.
5. **Bottom Hole:** At the bottom I'll need a hole with a smaller diameter that is also tapered.
6.  **Filleted Edge:** A rounded edge on the top of the cylinder.

I'm not planning to use any libraries yet, but if you know of any that can help simplify things, please include that. I would like a single `.scad` file to start with.

I think that covers it. Let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
SpringRetainer.scad:
```
/*
 Spring retainer for Traxxas R/C cars
 Eric Lindholm
 22 November 2016
*/

// preview[view:south east, tilt:top diagonal]

// Use mm please.
// This is a small part.

// Diameter of middle shaft
ShaftDiameter = 3.2;  // [2:0.1:5]
// Diameter of spring
SpringDiameter = 18;  // [6:0.1:28]

/* [Hidden] */
outerD=SpringDiameter+2.5;
height=8.5;
filletR=outerD*0.3;
$fn=36;

retainer();

module retainer() {
	difference() {
	// Positive shapes
		union() {
		// Primary shape
			cylinder(r=outerD/2,h=height);
		}
	// Negative shapes
		union() {
		// Fillet	shape
			rotate_extrude(convexity=10)
				translate([outerD/2,height,0])
					circle(r=filletR);
		// Hollow at top
			translate([0,0,height-3])
				cylinder(r=ShaftDiameter,h=height);
		// Spring slot
			translate([0,0,-1])
				difference() {
					cylinder(r=SpringDiameter/2,h=2);
					cylinder(r=ShaftDiameter*1.8,h=2);
				}
		// Shaft hole
			translate([0,0,-1])
				cylinder(r=ShaftDiameter/2,h=height*2);
		// Slot for shaft
			translate([outerD/2,0,height/2])
				cube([outerD,ShaftDiameter*0.875,height*2],center=true);
		// Hollow at bottom
			translate([0,0,-1])
				cylinder(r1=ShaftDiameter,r2=ShaftDiameter/2,h=3.5);
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a parametric phone case that can be attached to a belt. I've got a pretty large phone, and I'm tired of trying to cram it into my pockets, especially when I'm out and about or working in the shop. I need something secure and adjustable enough to accommodate different phone sizes and even potentially small tablets.

My basic idea involves a base that sits against the belt, some sort of hook or clip to attach to the belt, and then supports that keep the phone securely in place. I'd like to be able to adjust the dimensions of each of these parts.

For the base, I envision a rectangular shape with cutouts to reduce material and allow for the clip attachment. This should be able to be customized for length and width, with cutouts on the left and right side. I'd like a curved section in the center of the left side to help the base conform slightly to the body.

The belt clip will need to be robust. I'm thinking of a combination of vertical bars that hug the belt and a rotating hook that provides a secure attachment point. The user should be able to control the height, arm length, and thickness of the components of the hook. The clip should be attached to the base through additional clip elements, like rectangular prisms extending from the top and bottom of the base.

For the phone supports, I think it makes sense to have some arms that project from the base and maybe some posts/cylinders. The supports should be customizable in terms of length, height, and placement, to accommodate a variety of devices. I also think it could be useful to have a rotating support to further grip the phone.

Overall, the design needs to be customizable so that a user can easily adjust for the length and width of their device, as well as the size of their belt. I would like the following specific parameters to be customizable.
*   `BaseLength`: Overall length of the base.
*   `BaseWidth`: Overall width of the base.
*   `BaseThickness`: Overall thickness of the base.
*   `BaseCutoutLength` Length of the cutouts on the side
*   `BaseCutoutWidth` Width of the cutouts on the side
*  `BaseCutoutCurve`: How much the base should curve, or indent, on the left side.
*   `HookHeight`: The vertical height of the hook/clip
*   `HookArmLength`: The length of the arm that extends from the base for the clip.
*   `HookThickness`: The thickness of the components that make up the hook.
*   `SupportArmLength`: Length of the arm that projects from the base for support.
*   `SupportArmHeight`: Height of the support arm
*   `SupportArmThickness`: Thickness of the support arm
*  `SupportPostHeight`: Height of the support posts
*  `SupportPostRadius`: Radius of the support posts.
* `RotatingSupportRadius`: Radius of the rotating support.
*  `RotatingSupportHeight`: Height of the rotating support.

I'm looking to have these as standalone .scad files that I can combine as needed. Also, it would be helpful if you could use the `MCAD` library for screw holes and any other standard parts that might fit this design. Let me know if you have any questions about this, thanks!

[Assistant]
Hook.scad:
```
Height=15;
Armlength=5;

translate([40,-0.25,-32])difference(){
translate([-50,27,12.5])cube([10,20,35]);
translate([-50,41,10])cube([10,8,35]);
translate([-50,25.5,10])cube([10,8,35]);
translate([-50,35.5,25])cube([10,3.5,35]);
translate([-50,41.3,25])cube([5,3.5,20]);
translate([-50,45,30])cube([15,3.5,20]);
translate([-50,26,30])cube([15,3.5,20]);
translate([-54.3,28,10])cube([5,20,53]);
rotate([0,20,90])translate([20,35.5,58])cube([20,20,20]);
rotate([0,70,90])translate([-52.5,35.5,35])cube([20,20,20]);
translate([-55,11,30])cube([20,20,20]);
translate([-55,43.5,30])cube([20,20,20]);
translate([-50,27,2])cube([20,20,20]);
}

translate([-9.3,40,-.7])cube([9.2,5,5.5]);
translate([-9.3,29,-.7])cube([9.2,5,5.5]);
translate([-9.3,32.6,4])cube([9.2,.7,10]);
translate([-9.3,40.6,4])cube([9.2,.7,10]);

translate([-9.3,40,Height*-1+10])cube([Armlength+10,5,3]);
translate([-9.3,29,Height*-1+10])cube([Armlength+10,5,3]);

```
Base.scad:
```
Length=130;
Width=70;

difference(){cube([Length+6,Width+4,10]);
translate([1,2,2])cube([Length,Width,10]);
translate([Length,Width/3.4,2])cube([50,Width/2.4,10]);}

translate([Length-130,Width-69,0])
union(){difference(){translate([50,72,0])cube([30,12,10]);
translate([55,72,-17.5])cube([20,10,20]);
translate([60,72,-15])cube([10,10,30]);}}

translate([Length-130,5,0])
union(){difference(){translate([50,-17,0])cube([30,12,10]);
translate([55,-15,-17.5])cube([20,10,20]);
translate([60,-15,-15])cube([10,10,30]);}}

translate([0,(Width/2)-35,0])
union(){difference(){translate([-12,15,0])cube([12,40,10]);
translate([-10,25,-17.5])cube([10,20,20]);
translate([-10,30,-15])cube([10,10,30]);
translate([-5,21.5,-6])cylinder(r=3,h=15);
translate([-5,48.5,-6])cylinder(r=3,h=15);
}}

```
Support.scad:
```
difference(){union(){translate([-10,20,20])cube([55,20,4]);
translate([-10,34,20])cube([55,20,4]);
translate([-5,50.5,6])cylinder(r=2.8,h=15);
translate([-5,23.5,6])cylinder(r=2.8,h=15);
translate([42,54,20])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=3,h=34);}

translate([-10,27,20])cube([45,20,4]);}

difference(){translate([10,37,20])rotate(45,0,0)intersection(){translate([-10,-10,0])cube([20,20,4]);
cylinder(r=11,h=6);}
translate([10,37,20])cylinder(r=5,h=15);
translate([8.5,27,20])cube([3,50,20]);}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric wing nut for securing a camera, and I'd like it to be based on the design ideas presented in the `NutKnob.scad` file I found, but with a flat wing instead of a knurled knob. I need an OpenSCAD file, or files, to generate this.

Specifically, I want the design to include:

1.  A central hole that can be parameterized to fit different nut sizes. I'll need to specify the nut's height, diameter, and number of sides for a polygonal hole to match the nut. The original `NutKnob.scad` assumes a hex nut, but I might want to use a different nut later, so that parameterization is crucial.

2.  Instead of the knurled knob, I'd like a flat, wing-like shape on either side of the nut. This wing should also be parametrically defined, including length, width, and thickness. The wing shape doesn't need to be complicated – simple rectangles or rounded rectangles would be fine.

3.  The whole object should be designed so that the nut can either be press-fit or embedded. I want to be able to print this in one go and ideally, to be able to print it such that supports aren't required if the nut is to be pressed into a cavity after printing.

4.  I'd like to have variables for the overall height of the finished piece and the depth of the nut cavity.

I'm thinking I'd use the `MCAD` library to help with parameterization and the creation of any more complex shapes, but I'm happy for you to choose any libraries that make sense.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for this?

[Assistant]
NutKnob.scad:
```
// Knob for nut
// Hari Wiguna, 2014

nutHeight = 5.54;
nutWidestDiameter = 12.46;
knobHeight = 2.0;
knobDiameter = 17.0;
ridgeHeight = knobHeight;
ridgeRadius = 2;

// Computed
nutRadius = nutWidestDiameter / 2.0;
knobRadius = knobDiameter / 2.0;

difference()
{
	union()
	{
		// Knob
		cylinder( knobHeight, knobRadius, knobRadius, $fn=12 );

		// Knob ridges
		for (n=[0:1:13])
		{
			rotate(n*360/14,[0,0,1])
				translate([knobRadius,0,0])
					cylinder( ridgeHeight, ridgeRadius, ridgeRadius, $fn=12 );
		}
	}

	// Hexagon nut
	translate([0,0,-(nutHeight-knobHeight)/2])
		cylinder( nutHeight, nutRadius, nutRadius, $fn=6 );
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric design in OpenSCAD based on a "sphere" constructed from orthogonal circles, kind of like the files I've attached. I want to be able to generate a grid of these "balls" with adjustable size, spacing, and detail, as well as control the overall dimensions of the array.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

*   **The "Ball" Construction:** The fundamental unit is a "ball" made from three rotated-extruded circles. The user should be able to specify the diameter of this ball and the detail/radius of the circle that creates the rotated extrusion. The circles should also have an adjustable $fn variable.
*   **Array Generation:** The balls need to be arranged in a cartesian grid. I need to be able to control the dimensions of this grid (x, y, z sizes independently).  The spacing of the balls should be adjustable based on the ball diameter and detail (using a multiple of the detail or diameter, for example, and using a formula such as `spacing = (1/sqrt(2)) * (ballDiameter + minDetail)` or `spacing = (ballDiameter+minDetail)*sqrt(2)/2;` for different spacing parameters)
*   **Alternating Rotation:** Each ball in the grid needs to be rotated around the [1, 1, 1] axis. The rotation angle should be the same for each ball, but the direction of the rotation must be based on the x, y, and z indices. I used `assign(xs=pow(-1, x), ys=pow(-1, y), zs=pow(-1, z))` and `rotate(theta*(xs*ys*zs), [1, 1, 1])` in my code, where `theta` is the rotation and I am multiplying together `xs`, `ys`, and `zs` to get the sign of the rotation. I should be able to adjust the rotation angle (`theta`).
*   **Color:** I'd like each ball colored based on its position in the grid using something like `color([x/(size[0]-1), y/(size[1]-1), z/(size[2]-1)])` so that color is part of the design.

I'd really like to make this highly configurable using modules and variables, and I'd also like to add a variable for the circle's `$fn`.  I don't think any libraries are really needed for this design.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? Thanks!

[Assistant]
balls1.scad:
```
// by Les Hall
// started 4-22-2014
//

size = [2, 2, 2];
ballDiameter = 10;
minDetail = 1;
spacing = (1/sqrt(2)) * (ballDiameter + minDetail);
theta = 20;

array(size);

module array(size)
{
	for(x=[0:size[0]-1], y=[0:size[1]-1], z=[0:size[2]-1])
	assign(xs=pow(-1, x), ys=pow(-1, y), zs=pow(-1, z))
	translate(spacing*[x, y, z])
	rotate(theta*(xs*ys*zs), [1, 1, 1])
	ball();
}

module ball()
{
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
	rotate(90, [1, 0, 0])
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
	rotate(90, [0, 1, 0])
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
}

module loop(diameter, detail)
{
	rotate_extrude(convexity=10, $fn=32)
	translate([diameter/2, 0, 0])
	rotate(45, [0, 0, 1])
	circle(r=detail/2, $fn=4);
}
```
balls4.scad:
```
// by Les Hall
// started 4-22-2014
//

size = [3, 3, 3];
ballDiameter = 10*sqrt(2);
minDetail = sqrt(2);
spacing = (ballDiameter+minDetail)*sqrt(2)/2;
theta = 22.5;

array(size);

module array(size)
{
	for(x=[0:size[0]-1], y=[0:size[1]-1], z=[0:size[2]-1])
	assign(xs=pow(-1, x), ys=pow(-1, y), zs=pow(-1, z))
	translate(spacing*[x, y, z])
	rotate(theta*xs*ys*zs, [1, 1, 1])
	color([x/(size[0]-1), y/(size[1]-1), z/(size[2]-1)])
	ball();
}

module ball()
{
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
	rotate(90, [1, 0, 0])
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
	rotate(90, [0, 1, 0])
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
}

module loop(diameter, detail)
{
	rotate_extrude(convexity=10, $fn=32)
	translate([diameter/2, 0, 0])
	rotate(45, [0, 0, 1])
	circle(r=detail/2, $fn=16);
}
```
balls4blanket.scad:
```
// by Les Hall
// started 4-22-2014
//

size = [16, 12, 1];
ballDiameter = 10*sqrt(2);
minDetail = sqrt(2);
spacing = (ballDiameter+minDetail)*sqrt(2)/2;
theta = 22.5;

array(size);

module array(size)
{
	for(x=[0:size[0]-1], y=[0:size[1]-1], z=[0:size[2]-1])
	assign(xs=pow(-1, x), ys=pow(-1, y), zs=pow(-1, z))
	translate(spacing*[x, y, z])
	rotate(theta*xs*ys*zs, [1, 1, 1])
	color([x/(size[0]-1), y/(size[1]-1), z/(size[2]-1)])
	ball();
}

module ball()
{
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
	rotate(90, [1, 0, 0])
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
	rotate(90, [0, 1, 0])
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
}

module loop(diameter, detail)
{
	rotate_extrude(convexity=10, $fn=32)
	translate([diameter/2, 0, 0])
	rotate(45, [0, 0, 1])
	circle(r=detail/2, $fn=4);
}
```
balls4pillow.scad:
```
// by Les Hall
// started 4-22-2014
//

size = [6, 10, 3];
ballDiameter = 10*sqrt(2);
minDetail = sqrt(2);
spacing = (ballDiameter+minDetail)*sqrt(2)/2;
theta = 22.5;

array(size);

module array(size)
{
	for(x=[0:size[0]-1], y=[0:size[1]-1], z=[0:size[2]-1])
	assign(xs=pow(-1, x), ys=pow(-1, y), zs=pow(-1, z))
	translate(spacing*[x, y, z])
	rotate(theta*xs*ys*zs, [1, 1, 1])
	color([x/(size[0]-1), y/(size[1]-1), z/(size[2]-1)])
	ball();
}

module ball()
{
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
	rotate(90, [1, 0, 0])
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
	rotate(90, [0, 1, 0])
	loop(ballDiameter, minDetail);
}

module loop(diameter, detail)
{
	rotate_extrude(convexity=10, $fn=32)
	translate([diameter/2, 0, 0])
	rotate(45, [0, 0, 1])
	circle(r=detail/2, $fn=4);
}
```


[User]
I need a customizable stackable box designed in OpenSCAD. I'd like to be able to adjust the overall dimensions, wall thickness, and some of the front-facing details.

Here are the specific parameters I want to control:

*   `box_width`: The width of the box.
*   `box_depth`: The depth of the box.
*   `box_height`: The height of the box.
*   `thick`: The thickness of the box walls.
*   `angle`: The angle (in degrees) of the front side wall. It should slope inwards.
*   `front_side_wall_length_ratio`: A ratio that determines the length of the front angled wall relative to the `box_depth`.
*   `front_thick`: The thickness of the front wall.
*   `stack_guide_width_ratio`: A ratio used to calculate the width of the stack guide.
*   `stack_guide_fn`: The number of faces for the cylindrical stack guide.

The box should have a flat bottom, and the front wall will be angled inwards from the top, with the specified angle. I'd like the stack guide to be a cylindrical protrusion on the top edges that allows boxes to stack on top of each other. It should be placed on the upper sides of the box.

I'd like the code to avoid intersections and be manifold so that it's easily 3D-printable. I am also using the `utils/build_plate.scad` library, if you can please include it.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
stackable_box2.scad:
```
//	Thingiverse Customizer Template v1.2 by MakerBlock
//	http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:44090
//	v1.2 now includes the Build Plate library as well

//	Uncomment the library/libraries of your choice to include them
//	include <MCAD/filename.scad>
//	include <pins/pins.scad>
//	include <write/Write.scad>
//	include <utils/build_plate.scad>

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

box_width=60;
box_depth=70;
box_height=35;
//thickness of box wall
thick=2;
//front side wall angle(degree)
angle=40;
//length of front side wall - ratio to box depth
front_side_wall_length_ratio = .40;
//thickness of front wall
front_thick=8;

//How wide the stack guide is
stack_guide_width_ratio=3.5;
//Stack guide - number of face
stack_guide_fn=6;

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES END

//should not be displayed in option
size=[box_width,box_depth,box_height]*1;
drawer_len=size[2]*front_side_wall_length_ratio;
drawer_height=drawer_len*sin(angle);
drawer_depth =drawer_len*cos(angle);
floor_size=[size[0],size[1]-drawer_depth,thick]*1;
stack_guide_w=thick*3.5;

//currently not used option
top_depth_ratio=.1*1;
top_depth=0*1;

module center_xy_cube(v){
    translate([-v[0]/2,-v[1]/2,0]) cube(v);
}

module side_wall(x){
    x2 = x > 0 ? x-thick/2 : x+thick/2;
    translate([x2,0,0])
    rotate([90,0,90])
    translate([-floor_size[1]/2,0,-thick/2])
    linear_extrude(height=thick)
    polygon([ [0,0], [floor_size[1],0], [floor_size[1],size[2]],
		[top_depth,size[2]],
		[-drawer_depth,drawer_height] ]);

    translate([x2,floor_size[1]/2,size[2]]) rotate([90,30,0]) cylinder(r=stack_guide_w/2, h=floor_size[1]-top_depth, $fn=stack_guide_fn);

}
module front_wall(){
    rotate([90,0,90])
    translate([-floor_size[1]/2,0,-size[0]/2])
    linear_extrude(height=size[0])
    polygon([
	    [0,0],
	    [1,thick],
	    [-drawer_depth+thick*tan(90-angle),drawer_height],
	    [-drawer_depth,drawer_height]
	    ]);
}

module back_wall(){
    translate( [0,floor_size[1]/2-thick/2,0] ) center_xy_cube([size[0],thick,size[2]]);
    translate( [-size[0]/2,floor_size[1]/2-thick/2,size[2]] ) rotate([00,90,00]) cylinder(r=stack_guide_w/2, h=size[0], $fn=stack_guide_fn);
}

module box(){
    center_xy_cube(floor_size);
    for( x = [size[0]/2,-size[0]/2] ){
	side_wall(x);
    }
    front_wall();
    back_wall();
}

difference( ){
    box();
    hull(){
	translate([0,0,size[2]-.1]) center_xy_cube(floor_size*1.02);
	translate([0,0,size[2]-.2+stack_guide_w/2]) center_xy_cube(floor_size*1.03);
    }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a parametric filament spool holder for my 3D printer, similar to the one I've seen described, but I need to be able to adjust more things. The basic idea is a rectangular frame with four bearing holders, one at each corner. The spool will rest on bearings held in those corner supports. I want to make sure it's easy to change the design for different sized spools, different bearing types, and different material thicknesses.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

1.  **Bearing Support:**
    *   The design should be based around standard ball bearings (like 608ZZ) but I want parameters to adjust the inner diameter (axle diameter), outer diameter, and width of the bearing.
    *   The bearing supports at each corner should have a circular recess to hold the bearing.
    *   There should be a small "washer" or buffer section on the inside of the bearing support to keep the spool centered. This should also have a parameter for its diameter and width.
    *   There should be a parameter controlling the clearance around the bearing.
    *   The bearing support should also have a leg that connects to the base of the frame.

2.  **Frame:**
    *   The frame should be rectangular.
    *   I need parameters for the overall length, width, and thickness of the frame base. I also need to specify the distance between the centers of the axles.
    *   I would like to control the thickness of the side walls.
    *   I want to be able to change the width of the "buffers" or washers that sit next to the bearings.
    *   The side walls should be attached to the base.

3.  **General Parameters:**
    *   All the dimensions (lengths, widths, diameters, thicknesses, etc.) should be defined as parameters at the beginning of the file(s).
    *   I want a parameter for the number of segments for circles to make things smoother.

4.  **Libraries:**
     * Please use the `BOSL2` library for ease of construction.

So, in summary, I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a filament spool holder with adjustable bearing dimensions, frame size, wall thickness, and number of segments for circles, and using BOSL2. I want it broken up into a couple of .scad files. I am not entirely sure how many, but something logical like one for a reusable `endplate` module, and one for the overall assembly.

Thank you!

[Assistant]
spool_holder.scad:
```
//3D printer filament spool holder
//2014, John Stäck (john@stack.se)
//Licensed under Creative Commons attribution share-alike

//Default dimensions are for 608 bearings (plain skateboard/inline bearings)

/* [Parameters] */

//Width of "buffers"
buffer_width = 1.5;

//Distance between axle centers. 100mm is reasonable for 20cm diameter spools and works down to 12cm
axle_distance = 100;

//Wall thickness
thickness = 3.5;

//Width of walls outside of bearings
clearance = 1.5;

//Number of segments for circles
$fn=72;

/* [Bearing dimensions] */

//Bearing outer diameter
bearing_diameter = 22;

//Bearing width
bearing_width = 7;

//Bearing axle (inner) diameter
axle_diameter = 8;

//Diameter of bearing "inner tube", for washer/buffer
washer_diameter = 11.5;

total_width = thickness*2+bearing_width+buffer_width*2;
total_length = axle_distance + bearing_diameter + clearance*2;

module endplate()
{
	rotate([-90,0,0]) translate([0,-bearing_diameter/2-clearance-thickness,0]) {
	 	difference() {
			union() {
				//Circle to cover bearing
				cylinder(r=bearing_diameter/2+clearance, h=thickness);

				//"Leg"
				translate([-bearing_diameter/2-clearance,0,0])
					cube([bearing_diameter+clearance*2, bearing_diameter/2+clearance+thickness, thickness]);

				//Buffer/washer part, angled 45 degrees
				translate([0,0,thickness])
					cylinder(r1=(washer_diameter+buffer_width)/2,r2=washer_diameter/2,h=buffer_width);
			}
			//Center hole
			translate([0,0,-0.1])
				cylinder(r=axle_diameter/2,h=thickness+buffer_width+0.2);
		}
	}
}

//Endplates in four corners
endplate();
translate([axle_distance,0,0]) endplate();
translate([0,total_width,0]) rotate([0,0,180]) endplate();
translate([axle_distance,total_width,0]) rotate([0,0,180]) endplate();

//Bottom plate
translate([-bearing_diameter/2-clearance,0,0]) cube([total_length, total_width, thickness]);

//Edges along bottom plate
translate([-bearing_diameter/2-clearance,0,0]) cube([total_length, thickness, thickness*2]);
translate([-bearing_diameter/2-clearance,total_width-thickness,0]) cube([total_length, thickness, thickness*2]);
```


[User]
I'd like to design a modular building for a model railroad layout, something that's easily customizable. I'd like the design to be parametric in OpenSCAD, so I can tweak various dimensions and features easily.

Here's a breakdown of what I have in mind:

**Core Structure:**

*   The building should have a main facade, which will essentially be a wall with windows and optionally, a door and brick texture. This facade will be the main component and it should be easy to customize its dimensions.
*   The overall dimensions of the facade will be determined by the number of horizontal and vertical windows. I want to be able to set the number of horizontal windows and vertical windows independently.
*   There needs to be spacing parameters for the windows, both horizontally and vertically, and also an initial offset for the first window from the edges.
*   The windows should be rectangular, and I need to be able to specify their width, height, and depth. I'd also like an optional decorative arc at the top of the windows.
*   I'd like to be able to add muntins (the dividers within a window) to the windows as well. I'll need to be able to adjust their size and depth.
*   A door is needed, and it should be centered along the horizontal dimension of the facade. If I have an even number of horizontal windows, the door should be a double door, otherwise it should be a single door.

**Optional Features:**

*   I want the option to toggle the visibility of windows, a door, and brick textures independently.
*   If the brick texture option is enabled, it should add brick-like details to the facade. I need to specify brick dimensions (width, height, and depth), and the grout between the bricks.
*   The roof should be a separate component. It should have a flat top with crenelations (repeating rectangular extrusions). I need to adjust the height and depth of the roof, the size of the crenelations, and the overall roof length should match the width of the building.

**Libraries:**

I know I'll need the `shapes.scad` file from the MCAD library, so I'll need that included to make the elliptical cylinders.

Could you please generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for this? I think breaking it into a main building file and a separate roof file would work best. Thanks!

[Assistant]
customizable_modular_building.scad:
```
//
//
//	Customizable Modular Building
//	Steve Medwin
//	April 21, 2014
//
//
$fn=36*1;
use <MCAD/shapes.scad>
// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

//
// CUSTOMIZING
//
// Number of horizontal windows
horizontal_windows=3; //[1:10]
Ncol=horizontal_windows;
// Number of vertical windows
vertical_windows=2; //[1:5]
Nrow=vertical_windows;

show_door="yes"; //[yes,no]
show_windows="yes"; //[yes,no]
show_bricks="no"; //[yes,no]
show_roof="yes"; //[yes,no]

//
// REMAINING PARAMETERS
//
// windows
Xinit=5*1; // Distance from left edge to first window
Yinit=6*1; //5 Distance from bottom to first window row
Xspace=10*1; // Distance from left edge of window to next left edge of window
Yspace=15.5*1; // Distance from bottom of window row to next row
Zbase=2.0*1; // Thickness of wall
Xwin=6.4*1; // (6.4) Width of window
Ywin=10*1; // Height of window
Zwin=2*1; // Depth of windows
Xmuntin=0.7*1; // Height of window muntin
Ymuntin=Xmuntin;
Zmuntin=0.6*1; // Thickness of window muntin
YwinArc=0.15*1; // Parameter for top of window arc
Xjam=1.0*1; //Width of door jam

Xbase=Xinit*2+Xspace*(Ncol-1)+Xwin; // Width of wall
Ybase=Yinit*2+Yspace*(Nrow-1)+Ywin; // Height of wall without roof
Xdoor=(Xspace+Xwin)/2-Xwin-Xjam/2;

// roof
Xroof=Xbase;
Yroof=4*1; // Height of roof
Zroof=2*1; // Depth of roof in addition to wall thickness
Droof=1*1; // Size of roof crenelation

// bricks
Xbrick=6*1; // Width of bricks
Ybrick=2*1; // Height of bricks (3:1 ratio)
Zbrick=0.205*1; // Height and depth of brick grout below surface (okay at @ .21,.19)

//
//	MODULES
//
// facade
module facade(){
	translate([0,0,-Zbase]) cube([Xbase,Ybase+Yroof,Zbase]);
}

//	bricks
module bricks(){
	for (i=[0:Ybase/Ybrick]){
		translate([0,i*Ybrick-Zbrick,-Zbrick]) cube([Xbase,Zbrick,Zbrick]); // on front
		translate([0,i*Ybrick-Zbrick,-Zbase]) cube([Zbrick,Zbrick,Zbase]); // on left edge
		translate([Xbase-Zbrick,i*Ybrick-Zbrick,-Zbase]) cube([Zbrick,Zbrick,Zbase]); // on right edge
		// add vertical lines for bricks
		for (j=[0:Xbase/Xbrick]){
			if (i/2==floor(i/2)) {
				translate([0,i*Ybrick,-Zbrick]) translate([j*Xbrick,0,0]) cube([Zbrick,Ybrick,Zbrick]);
				}
			else {
				translate([0,i*Ybrick,-Zbrick]) translate([j*Xbrick+Xbrick/2,0,0]) cube([Zbrick,Ybrick,Zbrick]);
				}
		}
	}
}

//	windows
module window(Xpos,Ypos){
	translate ([Xpos,Ypos,-Zwin-2]) cube([Xwin,Ywin,Zwin+2]); // add extra depth to improve Customizer rendering
	translate ([Xpos+Xwin/2,Ypos+Ywin,-Zwin-2]) ellipticalCylinder(Xwin/2,Ywin*YwinArc,Zwin+2);
}

//	muntins
module muntins(Xpos,Ypos){
	translate ([Xpos,Ypos+Ywin/2-Ymuntin/2,-Zwin]) cube([Xwin,Ymuntin,Zmuntin]);
	translate ([Xpos,Ypos+Ywin,-Zwin]) cube([Xwin,Ywin*YwinArc,Zmuntin]);
}

// roof
module roof(){
	Dcount=((Xbase-Xinit*2)/(Droof*2));
	XbaseP=(Dcount+1)*Droof*2-Droof;
	XinitP=(Xbase-XbaseP)/2;
	difference(){
		translate ([0,Ybase,-Zbase]) cube([Xroof,Yroof,Zbase+Zroof]);
		for (i=[0:Dcount+0]){
			translate([XinitP+i*Droof*2,Ybase,0]) cube([Droof,Yroof*0.6,Zroof]);
		}
	}
}

// door
module door(){
	translate ([Xinit+Xspace*(floor(Ncol/2)),Yinit,-Zwin-2]) cube([Xwin,Ywin,Zwin+2]);  // add extra depth to improve Customizer rendering
	translate ([Xinit+Xspace*(floor(Ncol/2))+Xwin/2,Yinit+Ywin,-Zwin-2]) ellipticalCylinder(Xwin/2,Ywin*YwinArc,Zwin+2);
	translate ([Xinit+Xspace*(floor(Ncol/2)),0,-Zwin+Zmuntin]) cube([Xwin,Yinit,Zwin]); // bottom of door
	if (Ncol/2==floor(Ncol/2)) {  // then Ncol is even so make a double door
		translate ([Xinit+Xspace*(Ncol/2-1),Yinit,-Zwin-2]) cube([Xwin,Ywin,Zwin+2]);
 		translate ([Xinit+Xspace*(Ncol/2-1),0,-Zwin+Zmuntin]) cube([Xwin+Xspace,Yinit+Ywin+Ymuntin,Zwin]);
		translate ([Xinit+Xspace*(Ncol/2-1)+Xwin+Xdoor,Yinit,-Zwin]) cube([Xjam,Ywin/2-Ymuntin/2,Zwin]);
		translate ([Xinit+Xspace*(Ncol/2-1)+Xwin+Xdoor,Yinit+Ywin/2+Ymuntin/2,-Zwin]) cube([Xjam,Ywin/2-Ymuntin/2,Zwin]);
		translate ([Xinit+Xspace*(Ncol/2)-Xdoor-Xjam/2,Yinit+Ywin+Ymuntin,-Zwin+Zmuntin]) ellipticalCylinder((Xwin+Xspace)/2,Ywin*YwinArc*1.2,Zwin);
		}
	}

// building
module building(){
	difference(){
		facade();
	//	subtract windows
		for (i=[0:Nrow-1]){
			for (j=[0:Ncol-1]){
				if (show_windows=="yes") {
					window(Xinit+j*Xspace,Yinit+i*Yspace,0);
					}
			}
		}
		if (show_bricks=="yes") {
			bricks();
			}
	}
}

//
// ASSEMBLE BUILDING
//
difference(){
	building();
	if (show_door=="yes") {
		door();
		}
	}

if (show_roof=="yes") {
	roof();
	}

// add muntins
	for (i=[0:Nrow-1]){
		for (j=[0:Ncol-1]){
			muntins(Xinit+j*Xspace,Yinit+i*Yspace,0);
		}
	}
```


[User]
Hi, I'd like to get a parametric OpenSCAD design for a customizable lithophane keychain. I've seen some designs online, but want one that is easy to customize. I'd like to be able to upload a 100x100 pixel image (which will be stretched if needed), and specify whether I want a circular or square keychain.

The main parameters I need are:
*   **Image File**: A way to load a 100x100 pixel image for the lithophane. I can use a `.dat` file generated from an online tool I've used before.
*   **Shape**: Either a circle or a square shape for the keychain's base.
*   **Tag Size**: The overall size of the keychain in mm (e.g., 40mm).
*   **Ring Hole**: The diameter of the hole for the keyring (e.g., 4.5mm).
*   **Layer Height**:  The layer height to be used when slicing, which will impact the lithophane quality (e.g., 0.1mm).
*   **Number of Layers**:  The number of layers for the lithophane, which will affect how it renders.
*   **Border Width**: The width of the border around the keychain.
*   **Border Thickness**: The thickness of the border.

The design should include a base (two layers thick) and a lithophane section. I'd like the border to be added as a separate object around the lithophane part, and the keyring loop with the hole should be on the top of the design, integrated into the border. It's important that the lithophane portion be trimmed to the selected shape (either circle or square), and that it has sufficient strength. I understand that a higher layer count will look better so long as the material isn't too translucent.

I'm using OpenSCAD, and I don't really need any external libraries for this particular design. I think I've covered everything - thanks for your help!

[Assistant]
keychain-customizable-lithopane-mark1.4.scad:
```
//keychain-Customizable Lithopane by Mark G. Peeters
//http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:308109
//version 1.3
//if you are using openSCAD then you are cool! You can get DAT files for local use using this tool
//http://customizer.makerbot.com/image_surface
// i used the nice code for adjusting layers from here:
//http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:74322

// preview[view:south, tilt:top]
//
//
/* [Image] */

// Load a 100x100 pixel image.(images will be stretched to fit) Simple photos work best. Don't forget to click the Invert Colors checkbox! *** ALSO IF YOU HAVE LETTERS IN YOUR IMAGE make sure to reverse the image before uploading so the letters are not backwards.
image_file = "image-surface.dat"; // [image_surface:100x100]

/* [Adjustments] */

//shape NOTE: ALL units are in millimeters (mm)
shape = 0;//[0:circle, 1:square]
//over all size of the keychain. you picked
tag_size = 40;// [20:70]
// size for keyring 4.5 or 5 is good.
ring_hole=4.5;
// What layer height will you slice this at?  The thinner the better.
layer_height = 0.1;
//Use plastic color opacity to set this. The lower the layer height, the more layers you can use. you picked
number_of_layers = 12; // [5:30]
//Width of boarder lining the keychain (3mm is fine)
boarder_width = 3;//
//boarder thickness lining the keychain (at least 3mm for strength)
boarder_thick = 3;//

/* [Hidden] */

// base (white) will always be 2 layers thick
min_layer_height = layer_height*2;
height = layer_height*number_of_layers;
maxheight = height+min_layer_height;

// Make litho and trim bottom and sides
  difference() { //diff 1
  translate([0, 0, min_layer_height]) scale([(tag_size/100),(tag_size/100),height]) surface(file=image_file, center=true, convexity=5); //litosurface moved up min_layer_height
  translate([0,0,-(maxheight)]) linear_extrude(height=maxheight) square(tag_size, center=true);//cutting bottom off surface

if (shape==0) {//you picked circle shape------------------------------------
difference() {  //diff make tube to trim lith
                translate([0, 0, -7]) cylinder(maxheight+15,r= tag_size); //outside
                translate([0, 0, -9]) cylinder(maxheight+18,r= (tag_size/2)); //inside
               } //end diff make tube
translate([0, tag_size/2+boarder_width, -1])cylinder(maxheight+2,r= ring_hole/2); //ring hole
}//end if you picked circle------------------------------------------

if (shape==1) {//you picked square shape------------------------------------
difference() {  //diff make cube to trim litho
                translate([0, 0, -7]) cube(tag_size+15,center=true); //outside
               translate([0, 0, -9]) cube(tag_size,center=true); //inside
               } //end diff make tube
translate([tag_size/2, tag_size/2, -1])cylinder(maxheight+2,r= ring_hole/2); //ring hole
}//end if you picked square

}//end diff 1

//add boarder and loop
if (shape==0) {//you picked circle shape--------------------------
translate([0, tag_size/2+boarder_width, 0]) //move loop
difference(){//make loop
cylinder(boarder_thick,r=boarder_width+ring_hole/2); //ring support
translate([0, 0, -1])cylinder(boarder_thick+2,r= ring_hole/2); //ring hole
}

difference() {  //diff make frame tube
                 cylinder(boarder_thick,r= (tag_size/2)+boarder_width); //outside
                 cylinder(boarder_thick+1,r= (tag_size/2.02)); //inside
translate([0, tag_size/2+boarder_width, -1])cylinder(boarder_thick+2,r= ring_hole/2); //ring hole
                } //end diff make frame tube

}//end if you picked circle------------------------------------------

if (shape==1) {//you picked square shape------------------------------------
translate([tag_size/2, tag_size/2, 0]) //move loop
difference(){//make loop
cylinder(boarder_thick,r=boarder_width+ring_hole/2); //ring support
translate([0, 0, -1])cylinder(boarder_thick+2,r= ring_hole/2); //ring hole
}

difference() {  //diff make frame tube
                 translate([0,0,boarder_thick/2]) cube([tag_size+boarder_width*2,tag_size+boarder_width*2,boarder_thick],center=true); //outside
                 translate([0,0,boarder_thick/2]) cube([tag_size-1,tag_size-1,boarder_thick+1],center=true); //inside
translate([tag_size/2, tag_size/2, -1])cylinder(boarder_thick+2,r= ring_hole/2); //ring hole
                        } //end diff make frame tube
}//end if you picked square------------------------------------------------

```


[User]
Hey, I've been messing around with OpenSCAD and made a simple handle for a clamping bolt on my adjustable stand. It's basically a cylinder with some arms sticking out, and I think I could use this concept to make some replacement parts for other broken things in my shop.

Could you help me design a more flexible version of this? I'd like to be able to control things like the thickness, the length and width of the arms, the size of the center hub, how many arms there are, the size of the hole for the bolt, and even the size of a hex-shaped recess for the bolt head. Ideally, I'd like to have all of these as parameters I can adjust.

Specifically, the handle has a central cylindrical head, radial arms, and holes for a central bolt. The cylindrical head should have a defined thickness, and I need a cylindrical bore to mount the bolt as well as a hex shaped counterbore for the head of the bolt. The radial arms should be equally spaced around the head, and their length and width should be adjustable. I'd like to be able to specify the number of arms as well. I'd need to specify the hex size as well as the depth of the hex bore. This seems like something I'll want to reuse a lot, so it needs to be flexible.

I'm not sure if this is just a single OpenSCAD file or if I should make a library file or something. I think I'd prefer to just have one file to work with, but I'm not sure of the best way. I'm a bit of a novice with this still. Could you also make sure it's easy to assemble? It'll also need to be easily adjustable - using the `module` construct would be best, and it would help if you used good variable names.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
handle.scad:
```
/* [Global] */

thickness = 15;
armLength = 50;
armWidth = 15;
headDia = 30;
numArms = 2; // [1:8]
holeDia=3;
hexBoltSize=15;
hexHoleDepth = 8;

translate([0,0,thickness])
	rotate([180,0,0])
		difference(){
			union(){
				head();
				arm();
			}
			holes();
		}

module arm() {
	for (i=[0:numArms-1]){
		rotate([0,0,i*360/numArms]){
			translate([0,-armWidth/2,0])
				cube([armLength-armWidth/2,armWidth,thickness]);
			translate([armLength-armWidth/2,0,0])
				cylinder($fn = 30,r=armWidth/2,h=thickness);
		}
	}
}

module head() {
		cylinder(r=headDia/2, h=thickness);
}

module holes () {
	union(){
		translate([0,0,-hexHoleDepth])
			cylinder($fn = 6,r =hexBoltSize*0.5773502, h = hexHoleDepth*2);
		cylinder($fn = 30, r=holeDia/2,h=thickness*2);
	}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking for a way to generate a parametric cover for a hobby knife, something that protects the blade and also covers the locking knurl. I want to be able to adjust several parameters to fit different knives and blade styles.

Specifically, I need the design to include:

*   A cylindrical skirt to cover the locking knurl of the knife. This should have an adjustable inner diameter (`innerDiameter`) and depth (`innerDepth`). The wall thickness (`wallThickness`) should also be adjustable.
*   A blade slot that extends from the knurl cover to provide protection to the blade. The width (`bladeSlotWidth`), thickness (`bladeSlotThickness`), and depth (`bladeSlotDepth`) of this slot should be adjustable.
*   A gap (`gap`) in the skirt, over the knurl, which can be adjusted to allow the user to access the locking mechanism.
*   An option to either trim the cover around the blade (`trimBlade` = 1) or leave the end of the slot round (`trimBlade` = 0).
*   The smoothness of curves should be controllable with a variable, like `smoothness`, to control circle segment count.

I'd like this to be implemented in OpenSCAD. I need the design to be fully parametric, so all of the adjustable parameters should be easy to modify. I don't have any code written yet, so you would be starting from scratch. I'd like the final design to automatically adjust between a cylindrical shape and a more rectangular one based on the blade slot width, and should have an over-sampling option so there aren't impossibly small geometries, just like v1.1. No specific libraries are required.

[Assistant]
hobby_knife_cover_v1.1.scad:
```
// All values in MM.
// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

// this is the skirt covering the locking knurl
innerDiameter=13;

// how far over the locking knurl should it extend
innerDepth=15;

// side wall thickness of the skirt
wallThickness=1.5;

// wide enough to accomodate your widest blade
bladeSlotWidth=14;

// blade thickness
bladeSlotThickness=1.2;

// deep enough for the longest blade
bladeSlotDepth=35;

// 0.1 min , the lower the #, the more segments in circles.
smoothness=0.3;

// width of the gap in the skirt over the knurl
gap=5;

// 1 = trim blade end, 0 = leave round
trimBlade=1;

// ** no changes below this line **

height= innerDepth + bladeSlotDepth + wallThickness;
outterDiameter = innerDiameter + ( 2 * wallThickness );

bottomDiameter = bladeSlotWidth + ( 2 * wallThickness );

if( bottomDiameter <= outterDiameter ){
	//echo("bottom less than outer");
	main(outterDiameter,outterDiameter);
} else if ( bottomDiameter > outterDiameter ){
	//echo("bottom greater than outter");
	main(bottomDiameter,bottomDiameter);
}

module main (slotWidth,bottomDiameter) {
	//echo("bottomDiameter = ", bottomDiameter);
	//echo("outterDiameter = ", outterDiameter);
	//echo("slotWidth = ", slotWidth);

difference() {
	// Generate the main cylindar first
	cylinder(h = height, r1 = bottomDiameter/2, r2 = outterDiameter/2, center = false, $fa = 1, $fs = smoothness);
	union () {

		// Cutout for the locking knurl
		translate([0,0,height - innerDepth])
		cylinder (h = innerDepth+1, r = innerDiameter/2, center = false, $fa = 1, $fs = smoothness);

		// cutout the round at the bottom of the slot
		translate([-((slotWidth/2)+1),0,height - innerDepth+1])
			rotate([0,90,0])
				cylinder (h = slotWidth + 2, r = gap/2, center = false, $fa = 1, $fs = smoothness);

		// cutout the slot
		translate([-((slotWidth/2)+1),-(gap/2),height+1])
			rotate([0,90,0])
				cube(size = [innerDepth,gap,slotWidth+2], center = false);

		// cutout the blade slot
		translate([-(bladeSlotWidth/2),-(bladeSlotThickness/2),wallThickness])
		cube(size = [bladeSlotWidth,bladeSlotThickness,bladeSlotDepth], center = false);
	}
		// trim the blade end
		if ( trimBlade == 1 ) {
		trim_blade(((bottomDiameter - bladeSlotThickness -(2*wallThickness))/2)-1,(bladeSlotDepth-(bottomDiameter - bladeSlotThickness -(2*wallThickness))/2),bottomDiameter);
		}
}
}

module trim_blade(trimDepth,trimHeight,bottomDiameter){
	//echo("trimDepth = ", trimDepth);
	//echo("trimHeight = ", trimHeight);
	//echo("bottomDiameter = ", bottomDiameter);
	//echo("outterDiameter = ", outterDiameter);

	difference(){
		union(){
		translate([-(bottomDiameter/2),-(bottomDiameter/2),-1])
			cube(size = [bottomDiameter, trimDepth,trimHeight+1], center = false);
		translate([-(bottomDiameter/2),-(bottomDiameter/2)-1,trimHeight-1])
			rotate([0,90,0])
			cylinder (h = bottomDiameter, r = trimDepth+1, center = false, $fa = 1, $fs = smoothness);
		translate([-(bottomDiameter/2),(bottomDiameter/2)-trimDepth,-1])
			cube(size = [bottomDiameter, trimDepth,trimHeight+1], center = false);
		translate([-(bottomDiameter/2),(bottomDiameter/2+1),trimHeight-1])
			rotate([0,90,0])
			cylinder (h = bottomDiameter, r = trimDepth+1, center = false, $fa = 1, $fs = smoothness);
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'd like to create a customizable pixel art photo panel using OpenSCAD, kind of like the thingiverse project [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:287025], but I'd really like it to generate the final STL much faster. I saw an improved version that does this by creating the shape as a 2D surface and then extruding it, but I'm hoping you can generate the code from scratch.

Here are the features I'm looking for:

1.  **Image Input:** I need to be able to input a 2D array representing pixel brightness, similar to the `picture` array in the example. The array would be a list of numbers between 0 and 1, with 0 as black and 1 as white. I want to control both the width and height of the image via parameters, rather than it being fixed to 20x20.
2.  **Panel Shape:**  I want to be able to choose between a square or a circle for the overall panel shape. It should have some border around the pixel art, and the width of that border needs to be controllable too.
3.  **Pixel Shape:**  I'd like options for the shape of each pixel. The specific shapes I want are diamonds, octagons, and circles. I would like this to be a configurable parameter.
4.  **Strand Orientation:** The pixels should be connected by "strands" of the same material. I'd like to orient these strands either horizontally or vertically as a parameter.
5. **Support Grid:** I would need to control how wide the "strands" of material that support the pixels should be, this support grid should be independent of the pixel value based strands.
6.  **Pixel Size and Elongation:** I would need a parameter to adjust the base size of the pixels, and another parameter to control pixel elongation along the strands (where a value of zero would mean no overlap). The pixel size should respond to pixel brightness, as in the example code.
7.  **Thickness:**  I need a parameter to control the overall thickness of the final panel.
8.  **Preview vs. Compile:**  The OpenSCAD design should have some kind of "mode" parameter so I can switch between preview (fast but no thickness) and compile (full thickness rendering for export).

I'd like the code to be optimized for performance as much as possible. Using a linear extrude at the end of the rendering process after creating the 2D surface seems like a good idea.

I don't have any code I can provide besides the example I linked, so you'll have to generate everything from scratch. I'm not too concerned about libraries or anything, so whatever you think would work best is fine.

[Assistant]
pixel-beads.scad:
```
// Customizable Pixel Beads Photo Panel
// preview[view:south, tilt:top];

/* [Global] */
// The linear extrusion takes a lot of time, which disables the preview in Customizer. Modify your settings in Preview mode, then switch to Compile before you finish. The "thickness" setting will not have any effect in Preview mode.
mode = "Preview"; // [Preview, Compile]

/* [Image] */

// Picture is reduced to 20x20. You may wish to crop and resize it manually before uploading. Check "Invert Colors".
picture = [0.459,0.322,0.659,1.000,0.988,0.984,0.965,0.902,0.871,0.871,0.878,0.529,0.514,0.784,0.941,0.980,0.996,0.580,0.067,0.275,0.329,0.294,0.733,1.000,0.957,0.976,0.980,0.941,0.820,0.824,0.549,0.129,0.165,0.302,0.533,0.871,1.000,0.757,0.157,0.349,0.255,0.224,0.745,0.835,0.769,0.933,0.969,0.910,0.839,0.494,0.075,0.071,0.129,0.192,0.290,0.733,0.988,0.902,0.345,0.365,0.220,0.153,0.506,0.580,0.373,0.510,0.749,0.651,0.318,0.047,0.051,0.082,0.118,0.180,0.290,0.678,0.973,0.953,0.365,0.192,0.200,0.118,0.235,0.486,0.365,0.212,0.153,0.098,0.035,0.043,0.039,0.051,0.122,0.251,0.365,0.525,0.867,0.882,0.137,0.102,0.141,0.086,0.220,0.576,0.694,0.694,0.514,0.149,0.047,0.047,0.220,0.475,0.514,0.451,0.490,0.486,0.757,0.878,0.380,0.071,0.157,0.133,0.325,0.533,0.588,0.792,0.808,0.431,0.122,0.129,0.376,0.667,0.659,0.490,0.424,0.459,0.698,0.859,0.522,0.043,0.278,0.196,0.200,0.498,0.749,0.788,0.800,0.545,0.200,0.204,0.412,0.596,0.820,0.749,0.451,0.376,0.584,0.780,0.337,0.020,0.251,0.173,0.173,0.361,0.322,0.384,0.267,0.176,0.125,0.145,0.184,0.204,0.333,0.235,0.165,0.329,0.569,0.690,0.227,0.020,0.173,0.153,0.102,0.290,0.224,0.106,0.078,0.086,0.082,0.102,0.078,0.063,0.071,0.055,0.149,0.349,0.620,0.447,0.094,0.016,0.165,0.122,0.071,0.212,0.251,0.102,0.075,0.125,0.067,0.075,0.098,0.035,0.035,0.078,0.220,0.412,0.412,0.188,0.020,0.008,0.141,0.098,0.063,0.106,0.302,0.173,0.114,0.204,0.102,0.137,0.204,0.082,0.067,0.114,0.294,0.431,0.075,0.000,0.016,0.024,0.173,0.122,0.086,0.067,0.329,0.286,0.137,0.251,0.467,0.522,0.420,0.106,0.122,0.196,0.365,0.376,0.071,0.024,0.051,0.063,0.204,0.145,0.106,0.055,0.239,0.345,0.271,0.180,0.235,0.306,0.141,0.247,0.220,0.247,0.357,0.298,0.055,0.031,0.039,0.071,0.173,0.110,0.075,0.035,0.078,0.329,0.306,0.471,0.459,0.369,0.486,0.424,0.208,0.243,0.373,0.314,0.016,0.031,0.055,0.094,0.094,0.075,0.047,0.027,0.000,0.176,0.318,0.271,0.341,0.318,0.275,0.129,0.188,0.306,0.553,0.408,0.075,0.043,0.078,0.125,0.094,0.082,0.063,0.043,0.008,0.004,0.184,0.224,0.125,0.110,0.075,0.149,0.345,0.592,0.757,0.533,0.180,0.129,0.094,0.157,0.094,0.090,0.082,0.039,0.020,0.000,0.012,0.408,0.294,0.165,0.235,0.431,0.678,0.773,0.804,0.761,0.224,0.118,0.184,0.145,0.102,0.125,0.129,0.055,0.031,0.016,0.000,0.537,0.784,0.675,0.682,0.737,0.769,0.729,0.604,0.529,0.298,0.184,0.294,0.106,0.125,0.118,0.133,0.086,0.063,0.031,0.024,0.608,0.871,0.827,0.776,0.784,0.776,0.435,0.251,0.318,0.314,0.290,0.231,0.145]; // [image_array:20x20]

panel_shape = 1; // [0:Square, 1:Circle]

// Border width relative to unit pixel size.
border_width = 1;

// Image thickness relative to unit pixel size.
thickness = 0.5;

/* [Pixels] */

// Circular and octangular pixels are slower to generate than diamonds.
pixel_shape = 4; // [4:Diamond, 8:Octagon, 16:Circle]

// Orientation of strands connecting pixels.
orientation = 1; // [0:Horizontal, 1:Vertical]

// The proportion of each pixel's width reserved for the support grid.
grid_size = 0.3;

// The proportion of each pixel's width used to represent variation between white and black pixel values. Pixel size and grid size should never add up to exactly 1; sums > 1 allow overlap between neighboring strands, while values <1 ensure there is always a gap.
pixel_size = 0.699;

// Elongation is applied to pixel size along strands; it can yield more continuous shapes. Set to 0 to prevent overlap.
pixel_elongation = 1;

/* [Hidden] */

width = 20;
height = 20;
size = width * height;

function px(i) = i % width;
function py(i) = floor(i / width);
function pv(i) = (pixel_size * picture[i]) + grid_size;
function flipy(y) = height - 1 - y;

if (mode == "Preview") PanelSurface();
else linear_extrude(height=thickness) PanelSurface();

module PanelSurface() {
  intersection() {
    Image();
    Shape();
  }
  Border();
}

module Border() {
  difference() {
    Shape(border_width);
    Shape(0);
  }
}

// The image is clipped to this shape.
module Shape(padding=0) {
  if (panel_shape == 0) {
    translate([-padding, -padding])
    square([width-1+(padding*2), height-1+(padding*2)]);
  }
  else {
    translate([(width-1)/2, (height-1)/2])
    scale([width-1+(padding*2), height-1+(padding*2)])
    circle(r=0.5, $fn=30);
  }
}

// The image module combines the actual bitmap pixels with the support grid.
module Image() {
  Bitmap();
  Grid(orientation);
}

// The grid module defines a sequence of uniform size rectangular strips,
// intended as supports to ensure the bitmap pixels are located correctly.
// The boolean vertical parameter determines the strip orientation.
module Grid(vertical) {
  if (vertical == 1) {
    for (i = [0 : width - 1]) {
      translate([i - (grid_size/2), 0])
      square([grid_size, height-1]);
    }
  }
  else if (vertical == 0) {
    for (i = [0 : height - 1]) {
      translate([0, flipy(i) - (grid_size/2)])
      square([width-1, grid_size]);
    }
  }
}

// The bitmap module iterates through every element in the picture array
// and uses the pixel module to draw a pixel object at each bitmap location.
// Pixel size is scaled in one dimension according to brightness.
// (Size may also be scaled in perpendicular direction along strands if elongation is nonzero.)
// (Bonus idea: instead of iterating through the picture array, let the user
// draw a path with a draw_polygon widget, then sample the bitmap at path point,
// and connect pixels with segments from drawn path instead of uniform grid.)
module Bitmap() {
  for (i = [0 : size-1]) {
    assign(x = px(i), y = flipy(py(i)), v = pv(i)) {
      Pixel(x, y,
          (orientation == 0 ? 1 + (pixel_elongation * v) : v),
          (orientation == 1  ? 1 + (pixel_elongation * v) : v));
    }
  }
}

// The pixel module places a "pixel" shape centered at coordinates x, y.
// The pixel is scaled to width and height given by w, h.
module Pixel(x, y, w, h) {
  translate([x, y])
  scale([w, h])
  // pixel is created with unit diameter to facilitate easy scaling
  circle(r=0.5, center=true, $fn = pixel_shape);
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a parametric stencil generator in OpenSCAD. I've been using this online tool that spits out coordinate data, and I want to convert that to a usable stencil. I've got the basic logic in a SCAD file but it's kind of clunky and I think a fresh approach might be better.

Here's the deal:

1.  **Input:** The core input will be an array of points representing a polygon, or a series of arrays if there are multiple separate shapes on the stencil. I'm imagining something like `points_array = [[[x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...], [[x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...]]`. It'd be ideal if the code could handle an arbitrary number of polygons.

2.  **Dimensions:** I need to be able to set the overall stencil width, the stencil thickness, and a margin around the shapes.

3.  **Scaling:** The input coordinates are usually much larger than what I want for the physical stencil, so there should be a scaling parameter to size the stencil appropriately.

4.  **Offset:** Optionally, I'd like the ability to offset the stencil on the X and Y axes. This will let me position the stencil within the overall rectangular area.

5. **Output:** The output should be a 3D object which is a flat stencil of the specified thickness.

So, the basic parameters should be things like `stencil_thickness`, `stencil_width`, `margin`, `offX`, and `offY`. And of course that `points_array` with the coordinate data. It would be really nice if you could use named parameters instead of magic numbers inside the code.

I don't have any special requirements for libraries or anything, just nice, clean, well-organized code.  Let me know if you need any additional clarification. Thanks!

[Assistant]
stencil-o-matic_neg.scad:
```
//------------------------------------------------------------
//	Stencil-o-Matic (modified for RossRobotics)
//
//	input comes from:
//	http://chaaawa.com/stencil_factory/
//
//	http://thingiverse.com/Benjamin
//	http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:55821
//------------------------------------------------------------

// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

// paste here after "Convert&Copy"
input = "no_input";

stencil_thickness = 1;
stencil_width = 80;
margin = 10;

// If you don't want to center
offX = 0;
offY = 0;

module void() {}

dispo_width = stencil_width - 2*margin;

points_array = (input=="no_input"? [[179,268],[[199.26,15.12],[189.19,15.56],[181.5,16.45],[175.52,17.83],[169.55,19.42],[163.57,21.55],[157.55,24.22],[151.62,27.5],[145.87,31.09],[140.35,35.49],[135,40.71],[130.05,46.71],[125.52,53],[121.87,59.06],[119.06,64.5],[117.12,69.21],[115.55,73.5],[114.31,77.65],[113.16,82],[112.07,87.29],[110.96,93.7],[110.36,99.39],[110.49,102.95],[111.13,105],[136.96,105],[158.46,104.73],[163.39,103.42],[163.83,101.08],[164.04,97.67],[164.46,93.04],[165.44,87.75],[167.04,82.4],[168.96,77.59],[171.9,73.02],[175.98,68.21],[180.98,63.93],[186.13,60.62],[192.15,58.45],[201.05,58],[208.86,58.34],[214.1,59.16],[217.74,60.82],[221.73,63.19],[225.41,66.46],[228.34,70.28],[230.39,74.63],[231.97,79.15],[232.75,85.01],[232.85,92.65],[232.01,100.96],[229.51,107.41],[225.45,113.48],[218.91,119.91],[211.35,126.37],[203.83,132.63],[197.2,138.54],[191.77,144.13],[187.33,150.15],[183.1,157.07],[179.62,164.83],[176.98,172.85],[175.42,181.69],[175.22,192.28],[175.5,203.5],[199,203.5],[222.5,203.5],[222.74,198.5],[223.25,193.21],[224.15,187.5],[225.64,181.94],[227.6,177],[230.92,172.02],[235.69,166.37],[243.47,159.38],[254,151.21],[264.03,143.56],[270.61,137.84],[274.46,133.36],[277.95,128.69],[281.05,123.47],[283.96,117.69],[286.32,111.7],[288.09,106],[289.06,98.48],[289.47,88],[289.05,76.45],[287.17,68],[284.48,60.83],[281.31,54.14],[276.58,47.41],[270.1,40.14],[262.4,33.38],[254.68,28.12],[246.8,24.2],[238.72,20.92],[230.05,18.48],[220.76,16.55],[210.43,15.49],[199.26,15.12]],[[198.05,226.08],[178.93,226.28],[170.25,226.66],[169.27,232.87],[169,254.48],[169.27,277.23],[170.58,282.39],[179.4,282.82],[198.38,283],[218.91,282.73],[225.8,281.8],[226.73,274.94],[227,254.5],[226.73,234.06],[225.8,227.2],[218.87,226.29],[198.05,226.08]]]: input);

input_width = points_array[0][0];
input_height= points_array[0][1];
sTrace = dispo_width/input_width;
stencil_height = input_height*sTrace + 2*margin;

	translate([offX, offY, -stencil_thickness/2])
	scale([sTrace, -sTrace, 1])
	translate([-200, -150, 0]) {
		union() {
			for (i = [1:len(points_array) -1] ) {
				linear_extrude(height=stencil_thickness*2) {polygon(points_array[i]);}
			}
		}
	}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a parametric clip, something like a spring clamp, to hold a glass plate onto the heated bed of my 3D printer. I've got some basic measurements, but I need it to be adjustable.

The basic shape is sort of like a long, flat, thick "C" with the ends of the C being the tweezers that pinch the glass and bed. I want to be able to adjust these parameters:

*   **`width`**: The overall width of the clamp.
*   **`thickness`**: The thickness of the plastic (or whatever material).
*   **`gap`**: The spacing between the tweezers when the clamp is at rest (not pinching).
*   **`l1`**: The length of the pinching part (the "tweezers").
*   **`l2`**: The length of the wider part of the clamp that the tweezers are attached to.
*   `g2`: the width of the wider part. This needs to be derived from `gap` with a minimum.
*   **`r`**: The radius of the rounded edges on the inside of the clip.
*   **`d`**: A small offset used to create the rounded edges.

I'd like the design to use a polygon to define the cross-section, and then extrude it to the desired width and round the ends as a Minkowski sum. I don't have any code to provide at this time. Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I'd like to make sure I can easily adjust all these parameters and that it's relatively simple to understand. Please use only the core OpenSCAD libraries for this; I'm not looking to include external libraries in this project.

[Assistant]
clamp.scad:
```
// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

// width of the clamp (mm)
width = 10;

// thickness of the plastic (mm)
thickness = 3;

// gap between tweezers (mm)
gap = 5.4;

// length of the pinching part (the tweezers, mm)
l1 = 6;

// length of the wider part (mm)
l2 = 7;

g2 = max(10, gap + 4);

r = 0.45 * thickness;
d = 0.1 * thickness;

hg = gap/2;
hg2 = g2/2;
$fn=50;

// the polygon that defines the cross-section of the clamp
p = [
	[ -l1, -hg - r],
	[ -l1, -hg - d - r],
	[ 0, -hg - d - r],
	[ l2, -hg2 - d - r],
	[ l2 + d, -hg2 - d - r],
	[ l2 + d, hg2 + d + r],
	[ l2, hg2 + d + r],
	[ 0, hg + d + r],
	[ -l1, hg + d + r],
	[ -l1, hg + r],
	[ 0, hg + r],
	[l2, hg2 + r],
	[l2, -hg2 - r],
	[0, -hg - r]
];

minkowski()
{
linear_extrude( height = width/2)
	polygon( points = p, convexity = 40);
cylinder( r = r, h = width/2);
}

```