[User]
I'd like to create a library of common fasteners in OpenSCAD, similar to the everynut.scad file I'm attaching, but I need the files to be organized into a few different modules for better reusability and I'm aiming for a more robust and fully parametric approach. I'd also like some additional fastener options.

Here's the breakdown of what I'm looking for:

**Core Requirements:**

1.  **Parametric Design:** Everything should be driven by parameters, including nominal diameter, tolerances, and specific dimensions for each type of fastener. I need these to be easily adjustable at the top level when I use the modules.

2.  **Standard Sizes:** I'd like to include all of the sizes from the provided everynut.scad file, and I'd like to add a few more metric and imperial sizes: M1, M1.2, M1.4, M1.6, M2.2, M2.6, M2.8, M9, M11, M13, M15, M17, M19, M22, M24, 1/8", 3/16", 1 1/8", 1 1/4", 1 3/8", 1 1/2", 1 3/4", 2", as well as sizes in between these if they exist (e.g. 5/32").

3.  **Modular Structure:** I'm thinking along these lines:
    *   A central `fastener_data.scad` file that holds all the standard size data in a lookup table (like the INFO array in my example, but it should be easier to add new sizes). It would define a `fastener_info(size_name)` function that returns a vector of the various parameters associated with that size name
    *   A `fastener_core.scad` file that includes core primitive operations to create the basic fastener components - hex, square, cylinder, beveled cylinder, etc. and a function to convert hex size to diameter and vice versa. It'll take parameters.
    *   Separate module files for each fastener type (e.g., `hex_nut.scad`, `jam_nut.scad`, etc). These should be self-contained modules that import fastener data and use the core primitives to build specific fasteners.

4.  **Fastener Types:** I would like to include these fastener types (the same as the file I'm providing) plus a few more:
    *   Hex nut
    *   Jam nut
    *   Cap nut
    *   Thumb nut (with a configurable number and diameter of the nurls, as well as nurling coverage)
    *   Square nut
    *   Wing nut (with adjustable wing span)
    *   Coupling nut (configurable length)
    *   Lock washer (with configurable number of teeth and lock tooth fill)
    *   Small washer
    *   Standard washer
    *   Fender washer
    *   Dowel pin (with configurable bevel)
    *   Flange Nut
    *   T-Nut
    *   Acorn Nut (same as cap nut)
    *   Knurled Thumb Screw with a configurable length of threaded portion
    *   Slotted Cheese Head Machine Screw
    *   Set Screw with a cone point
    *   Split Lock Washer

5.  **Tolerances:**  I need the tolerances (nut shrink, bore grow, pin shrink) to be globally configurable. I'd like to be able to set defaults for these but also easily override them when instancing specific fasteners.

6.  **Naming:**  I should be able to specify the size by name (e.g., "M4", "1/4\"", "#8", etc.) rather than by an index.

**Additional details**

*   The hex nuts should have a small amount of edge rounding, configurable.
*   The code should make reasonable use of modules and functions so that the design is easy to understand and maintain.
*   The code should include comments explaining important parameters and module operations.
*   The code should handle situations where the inner diameter of the part is greater than the outer diameter gracefully, perhaps by outputting an error.

**Libraries**
I don't want to use any external libraries, except those that are included as part of a basic install of OpenSCAD. Please avoid using custom libraries (e.g. MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, BOLTS).

I think that covers everything. Let me know if you have any questions, and I'm excited to see how this turns out!

[Assistant]
everynut.scad:
```

$fn=32*1;

inch = 25.4*1;

NAME=0*1;
BORE=1*1;
WRENCH=2*1;
NUT_THICKNESS=3*1;
JAM_THICKNESS=4*1;
WASHER_ID=5*1;
WASHER_OD=6*1;
WASHER_THICKNESS=7*1;
INFO = [
    ["#0",  1.524, 3.969, 1.191, 0.595, 1.661, 4.430, 0.354],
    ["#1",  1.854, 3.969, 1.191, 0.595, 2.021, 5.390, 0.431],
    ["#2",  2.184, 4.763, 1.588, 0.794, 2.381, 6.350, 0.508],
    ["#3",  2.515, 4.763, 1.588, 0.794, 2.741, 7.310, 0.585],
    ["#4",  2.845, 6.350, 2.381, 1.191, 3.175, 7.938, 0.813],
    ["#6",  3.505, 7.938, 2.778, 1.389, 3.969, 9.525, 1.245],
    ["#8",  4.166, 8.731, 3.175, 1.588, 4.763, 11.113, 1.245],
    ["#10",  4.826, 9.525, 3.175, 1.588, 5.556, 12.700, 1.245],
    ["#12",  5.486, 11.113, 3.969, 1.984, 6.350, 14.288, 1.651],
    ["1/4\"",  6.350, 11.113, 5.556, 3.969, 7.938, 18.644, 1.651],
    ["5/16\"",  7.938, 12.700, 6.747, 4.763, 9.525, 22.225, 2.108],
    ["3/8\"",  9.525, 14.288, 8.334, 5.556, 11.113, 25.400, 2.108],
    ["7/16\"",  11.113, 17.463, 9.525, 6.350, 12.700, 31.750, 2.108],
    ["1/2\"",  12.700, 19.050, 11.113, 7.938, 14.288, 34.925, 2.769],
    ["9/16\"",  14.288, 22.225, 12.303, 7.938, 15.875, 37.306, 2.769],
    ["5/8\"",  15.875, 23.813, 13.891, 9.525, 17.463, 44.450, 3.404],
    ["3/4\"",  19.050, 28.575, 16.272, 10.716, 20.638, 50.800, 3.759],
    ["7/8\"",  22.225, 33.338, 19.050, 12.303, 23.813, 57.150, 4.191],
    ["1\"",  25.400, 38.100, 21.828, 13.891, 26.988, 63.500, 4.191],
    ["2mm",  2.000, 4.000, 1.600, 1.200, 2.270, 4.850, 0.300],
    ["2.5mm",  2.500, 5.000, 2.000, 1.600, 2.770, 5.850, 0.500],
    ["3mm",  3.000, 5.500, 2.400, 1.800, 3.290, 6.820, 0.500],
    ["4mm",  4.000, 7.000, 3.200, 2.200, 4.390, 8.820, 0.800],
    ["5mm",  5.000, 8.000, 4.000, 2.700, 5.390, 9.820, 1.000],
    ["6mm",  6.000, 10.000, 5.000, 3.200, 6.510, 11.785, 1.600],
    ["7mm",  7.000, 11.000, 5.500, 3.500, 7.510, 13.785, 1.600],
    ["8mm",  8.000, 13.000, 6.500, 4.000, 8.510, 15.785, 1.600],
    ["10mm",  10.000, 17.000, 8.000, 5.000, 10.635, 19.740, 2.000],
    ["12mm",  12.000, 19.000, 10.000, 6.000, 13.135, 23.740, 2.500],
    ["14mm",  14.000, 22.000, 11.000, 7.000, 15.135, 27.740, 2.500],
    ["16mm",  16.000, 24.000, 13.000, 8.000, 17.135, 29.740, 3.000],
    ["18mm",  18.000, 27.000, 15.000, 9.000, 19.150, 33.215, 3.000],
    ["20mm",  20.000, 30.000, 16.000, 10.000, 21.165, 36.690, 3.000],
];

// ---------------------------------------------------
/* [Global] */

// Which part to show?
part="ALL"; // [ALL,Hex nut, Jam nut, Cap nut, Thumb nut, Square nut, Wing nut, Coupling nut, Lock washer, Small washer, Standard washer, Fender washer, Dowel pin]

// ---------------------------------------------------
/* [Size] */

// Select the nominal diameter of the bolt/pin
size = 9; // [0:#0, 1:#1, 2:#2, 3:#3, 4:#4, 5:#6, 6:#8, 7:#10, 8:#12, 9:1/4", 10:5/16", 11:3/8", 12:7/16", 13:1/2", 14:9/16", 15:5/8", 16:3/4", 17:7/8", 18:1", 19:2mm, 20:2.5mm, 21:3mm, 22:4mm, 23:5mm, 24:6mm, 25:7mm, 26:8mm, 27:10mm, 28:12mm, 29:14mm, 30:16mm, 31:18mm, 32:20mm]

echo("Name: ",INFO[size][NAME],"Maj dia: ",INFO[size][BORE], "Wrench:",INFO[size][WRENCH],"Part:",part);

// ---------------------------------------------------
/* [Tolerances] */

// Shrink the nut by this diameter to make it fit easily into a wrench. You may want to tune this to your printer. (mm)
nut_tolerance = 0.3;

// Grow the bore by this diameter. This can depend on the printer and plastic being used, so adjust it so that screws cut good threads into the nuts. If nut is too loose, reduce this, if nuts are too tight or break, increase. (mm)
bore_tolerance = -0.1;

// Shrink the dowel pin by this diameter so that it slots relatively easily into the hole. (mm)
pin_tolerance = 0.4;

// --------------------------------------------------
/* [Part details] */
// Length of the dowel pin (mm)
dowel_pin_length = 25;

// Percentage of the dowel pin's surface to bevel?
dowel_pin_bevel_percent = 10; // [0:100]
dowel_pin_bevel = dowel_pin_bevel_percent/100;

// Diameter of each individual nurl on the thumb nut? (mm)
nurl_dia = 1.5;

// Gap between individual nurls on the thumb nut? (mm)
nurl_gap = 0.5;

// Fraction of the thumb nut to apply nurling to
nurl_coverage_percent = 80; // [0:100]
nurl_coverage = nurl_coverage_percent/100;

// Adjust the wingnut wing length by this percentage
wing_span_adjust_percent = 50; //[0:100]
wing_span_adjust=1 + wing_span_adjust_percent/100;

// Number of teeth for the lock washer
lock_teeth = 10; // [5:16]

// Chooses how long each lock tooth is.
lock_tooth_fill_percent = 100; // [50:100]
lock_tooth_ratio = lock_tooth_fill_percent/100;

// ---------------------------------------------------
/* [Overrides] */

// Override the nominal diameter of the bolt/pin? (mm)
diameter_override = "";

// Override the wrench size for nuts? (mm)
wrench_size_override = "";

// Override the nut thickness? (mm)
nut_thickness_override = 0;

// Override the jam nut thickness? (mm)
jam_nut_thickness_override = 0;

// Override the washer inner diameter? (mm)
washer_inner_diameter_override = 0;

// Override the washer standard outer diameter? (mm)
washer_outer_diameter_override = 0;

// Override the washer thickness? (mm)
washer_thickness_override = 0;

// Override the length of the coupling nut? (mm)
coupling_nut_length_override = 0;

// Override the thickness of the lock washer teeth? (mm)
lock_tooth_thickness_override = 0;

// -------------- hidden settings --------------------
nut_edge_rounding = 0.97*1; // shave a little off the hex edges to make it easier to wrench, 1=no rounding, 0.92=almost fully round, 0.98=reasonable

min_wing_thickness = 1*1; // mm

// ------------- computed sizes -------------------

wrench_size = wrench_size_override ? wrench_size_override-nut_tolerance : INFO[size][WRENCH]-nut_tolerance;

wrench_od = hex_wrench_size_to_dia(wrench_size);

major_diameter = diameter_override ? diameter_override : INFO[size][BORE];

bore_diameter = major_diameter + bore_tolerance;

pin_diameter = major_diameter - pin_tolerance;

nut_thickness = nut_thickness_override ? nut_thickness_override : INFO[size][NUT_THICKNESS];

jam_nut_thickness = jam_nut_thickness_override ? jam_nut_thickness_override : INFO[size][JAM_THICKNESS];

washer_inner_diameter = washer_inner_diameter_override ? washer_inner_diameter_override : INFO[size][WASHER_ID];

washer_outer_diameter = washer_outer_diameter_override ? washer_outer_diameter_override : INFO[size][WASHER_OD];

washer_thickness = washer_thickness_override ? washer_thickness_override : INFO[size][WASHER_THICKNESS];

lock_tooth_thickness = lock_tooth_thickness_override ? lock_tooth_thickness_override : max(0.5,washer_thickness/2);

wing_thickness = max(min_wing_thickness,washer_thickness);

wing_round_radius = min(major_diameter, nut_thickness * 0.5);

coupling_nut_length = coupling_nut_length_override ? coupling_nut_length_override : major_diameter*3;

fender_washer_outer_diameter = wrench_od*2.5;

small_washer_outer_diameter = wrench_od*0.95;

// for hex forms, convert from flats-distance (wrench size) to points-distance (diameter)
function hex_wrench_size_to_dia(w) = w * (2/sqrt(3));
function hex_dia_to_wrench_size(w) = w / (2/sqrt(3));

dx = wrench_od*1.5;
dy = wrench_od*2;

module hex3d(wrench_size, diameter, thickness) {
    linear_extrude(thickness) hex2d(wrench_size,diameter);
}

module hex2d(wrench_size, diameter) {
    difference() {
        intersection() {
            circle(d=wrench_od, $fn=6, center=true);
            circle(d=wrench_od*nut_edge_rounding);
        }
        circle(d=diameter, center=true);
    }
}

module hex_nut() {
    hex3d(wrench_size, bore_diameter, nut_thickness);
}

module jam_nut() {
    hex3d(wrench_size, bore_diameter, jam_nut_thickness);
}

module square_nut() {
    linear_extrude(nut_thickness) difference() {
        intersection() {
            square(wrench_size, center=true);
            circle(d=2/sqrt(2)*wrench_size*nut_edge_rounding);
        }
        circle(d=bore_diameter, center=true);
    }
}

module washer(wrench_od) {
    linear_extrude(washer_thickness) difference() {
        circle(d=wrench_od, center=true);
        circle(d=washer_inner_diameter, center=true);
    }
}

module small_washer() { washer(small_washer_outer_diameter); }
module standard_washer() { washer(washer_outer_diameter); }
module fender_washer() { washer(fender_washer_outer_diameter); }

module coupling_nut() {
    hex3d(wrench_size, bore_diameter, coupling_nut_length);
}

module cap_nut() {
    translate([0,0,nut_thickness]) {
        difference() {
            sphere(d=wrench_size);
            sphere(d=bore_diameter);
            translate([-wrench_size/2,-wrench_size/2,-wrench_size/2])
                cube([wrench_size,wrench_size,wrench_size/2]);
        }
    }
    hex3d(wrench_size, bore_diameter, nut_thickness);
}

module dowel_pin() {
    beveled_cylinder(d=pin_diameter, h=dowel_pin_length, bevel=dowel_pin_bevel);
}

module wing_nut() {
    difference() {
        union() {
            cylinder(d=wrench_od,h=nut_thickness);
            for (m = [0,1]) {
                mirror([0,m,0])
                    translate([0,wrench_od/2,0])
                    rotate([0,-90,0])
                    translate([0,0,-wing_thickness/2])
                    linear_extrude(wing_thickness)
                    offset(wing_round_radius)
                    offset(-wing_round_radius)
                    polygon([
                        [0,-(wrench_od-major_diameter)/2],
                        [0,wrench_od/2*0.6*wing_span_adjust],
                        [nut_thickness,wrench_od/2*0.9*wing_span_adjust],
                        [nut_thickness*1.5,wrench_od/4*wing_span_adjust],
                        [nut_thickness,-(wrench_od-major_diameter)/2*0.75],
                    ]);
            }
        }
        translate([0,0,-10]) cylinder(d=bore_diameter,h=nut_thickness+20);
    }
}

module beveled_cylinder(d=0,h,d1=false,d2=false, center=false, bevel=0.05) {
    d1 = d1 ? d1 : (d ? d : 0.01);
    d2 = d2 ? d2 : (d ? d : 0.01);
    bd1 = d1 * (1-bevel); // bevel cylinder 1 smaller dia
    bd2 = d2 * (1-bevel); // bevel cylinder 2 smaller dia
    bh1 = (d1-bd1)/2;  // bevel cylinder 1 height
    bh2 = (d2-bd2)/2;  // bevel cylinder 2 height
    translate([0,0,center?-h/2:0]) {
        cylinder(d1=bd1, d2=d1, h=bh1);
        translate([0,0,bh1])
            cylinder(d1=d1,d2=d2, h=h-bh1-bh2);
        translate([0,0,h-bh2])
            cylinder(d2=bd2, d1=d2, h=bh2);
    }
}

module rounded_cylinder(d=0,h,d1=false,d2=false) {
    d1 = d1 ? d1 : (d ? d : 0.01);
    d2 = d2 ? d2 : (d ? d : 0.01);
    hull() {
        translate([0,0,d1/2]) sphere(d=d1);
        translate([0,0,h-d2/2]) sphere(d=d2);
    }
}

module thumb_nut() {
    difference() {
        union() {
            //md = (wrench_size + wrench_size)/2;
            nurls = floor((PI*wrench_size)/(nurl_dia+nurl_gap));
            cylinder(d=wrench_size, h=nut_thickness);
            for (i = [0:nurls-1]) {
                theta = 360/nurls*i;
                translate([wrench_size/2*cos(theta),wrench_size/2*sin(theta),0])
                    beveled_cylinder(d1=nurl_dia, d2=nurl_dia, h=nut_thickness*nurl_coverage, $fn=$fn/2, bevel=0.15);
            }
        }
        translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(d=bore_diameter, h=nut_thickness+2);
    }
}

module tooth_lock_washer() {
    md = (wrench_size+major_diameter)/2;
    lock_tooth_cadence = PI*wrench_size / lock_teeth;
    lock_tooth_size = lock_tooth_cadence * lock_tooth_ratio;
    difference() {
        union() {
            cylinder(d=wrench_od, h=washer_thickness);
            intersection() {
                cylinder(d=wrench_od, h=washer_thickness+lock_tooth_thickness+1);
                for (i = [0:lock_teeth-1]) {
                    theta = 360/lock_teeth*i;
                    rotate([0,0,theta])
                        translate([0,-lock_tooth_size/2,0])
                        rotate([0,0,90])
                        rotate([90,0,0])
                        linear_extrude(wrench_od/2)
                        polygon([
                            [0,0],
                            [0,washer_thickness+lock_tooth_thickness],
                            [lock_tooth_size,washer_thickness],
                            [lock_tooth_size,0],
                        ]);
                }
            }
        }
        translate([0,0,-10]) cylinder(d=washer_inner_diameter, h=washer_thickness+20);
    }
}

if (major_diameter >= wrench_size-0.5) {
    linear_extrude(2) text("Error: inner size > outer size.");
} else {
    if (part==-1 || part=="ALL") {
        translate([ 0*dx,0*dy,0]) hex_nut();
        translate([ 1*dx,0*dy,0]) jam_nut();
        translate([ 2*dx,0*dy,0]) cap_nut();
        translate([ 3*dx,0*dy,0]) thumb_nut();
        translate([ 4*dx,0*dy,0]) square_nut();
        translate([ 5*dx,0*dy,0]) wing_nut();
        translate([ 6*dx,0*dy,0]) coupling_nut();
        translate([ 0*dx,1*dy,0]) tooth_lock_washer();
        translate([ 1*dx,1*dy,0]) small_washer();
        translate([ 2*dx,1*dy,0]) standard_washer();
        translate([ 3.5*dx,1*dy,0]) fender_washer();
        //translate([ 5*dx,1*dy,0]) dowel_pin();
    } else if (part==-2 || part=="TESTSOME") {
        translate([ 0*dx,0*dy,0]) hex_nut();
        translate([ 1*dx,0*dy,0]) thumb_nut();
        translate([ 2*dx,0*dy,0]) wing_nut();
        translate([ 3*dx,0*dy,0]) dowel_pin();
        translate([ 0*dx,1*dy,0]) tooth_lock_washer();
        translate([ 1*dx,1*dy,0]) small_washer();
        translate([ 2*dx,1*dy,0]) standard_washer();
    }
    else if (part == 0 || part=="Hex nut") { hex_nut(); }
    else if (part == 1 || part=="Jam nut") { jam_nut(); }
    else if (part == 2 || part=="Cap nut") { cap_nut(); }
    else if (part == 3 || part=="Thumb nut") { thumb_nut(); }
    else if (part == 4 || part=="Square nut") { square_nut(); }
    else if (part == 5 || part=="Wing nut") { wing_nut(); }
    else if (part == 6 || part=="Coupling nut") { coupling_nut(); }
    else if (part == 7 || part=="Lock washer") { tooth_lock_washer(); }
    else if (part == 8 || part=="Small washer") { small_washer(); }
    else if (part == 9 || part=="Standard washer") { standard_washer(); }
    else if (part ==10 || part=="Fender washer") { fender_washer(); }
    else if (part ==11 || part=="Dowel pin") { dowel_pin(); }
}

```


[User]
Hey there, I'm looking to get a custom bearing holder designed for my 3D printer filament spools. I've got an example, but I need something more flexible. I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD design.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

**Core Structure:**

*   **Base Cylinder:** This forms the base of the holder and connects to the spool. It needs a customizable diameter (`part_d`) and a height/thickness (`bottom_thickness`).
*   **Inner Spool Cylinder:** This part fits inside the spool's core.  It needs a customizable diameter (`spool_cylinder_diameter`) and height (`spool_cylinder_height`).
*   **Bearing Cavity:** There needs to be a recessed area to hold a standard bearing. The diameter (`bearing_diameter`) and thickness (`bearing_thickness`) need to be parameters, as well as the lip width (`bearing_lip_width`) that creates the recess.

**Prongs (Spoke-like arms):**

*   There should be a set of prongs extending outwards from the base to help support the spool.
*   The number of prongs can be fixed at 8. They should be evenly spaced.
*   Each prong should have a customizable height (`prong_height`), thickness (`prong_thickness`), and arc angle (`prong_arc_deg`).
*   The prongs should have a rounded/blended shape at the edges for strength, not just square.

**Overall:**

*   Everything should be fully parametric for easy adjustment based on the size of the spools I'm using.
*   The design should use a "difference" operation to cut out the bearing recess and the inner spool hole, instead of intersecting solid parts, and to cut away unnecessary material from the base part.
*   I'd like to use `rotate_extrude` and `hull` as well as standard OpenSCAD operations like `cube`, `cylinder` and `translate` in the design for clean shapes and good performance, where appropriate.

**Libraries:**

I'd like you to build this with the MCAD library, in particular, I am most interested in having the `hull` function available via its inclusion in MCAD.

Basically, I'm after a configurable, printable bearing holder that's easy to tweak for different spool dimensions. Can you do that for me?

[Assistant]
bearing.scad:
```
//Thanks to Jeremie Francois for his OpenSCAD tutorial @ http://www.tridimake.com/2014/09/how-to-use-openscad-tricks-and-tips-to.html

part_d=51; //outside diameter of entire part
prong_height=18;
spool_cylinder_height=18;
spool_cylinder_diameter=31;
bearing_diameter=19;
bearing_thickness=7;
bearing_lip_width=2;
bottom_thickness=3;
prong_thickness=6;
prong_arc_deg=30; //this has to be less than 45

difference()
{
	difference()
	{
		union()
		{
			cylinder(r=part_d/2,h=bottom_thickness);  //base
			cylinder(r=spool_cylinder_diameter/2,h=18);  //what fits inside the spool
		}
		translate([0,0,-.01]) //start a bit below
			cylinder(r=bearing_diameter/2 - bearing_lip_width,h=spool_cylinder_height +.01 +.01); //protrude from both faces
	}

	translate([0,0,-.01]) //start a bit below
		cylinder(r=bearing_diameter/2,h=bearing_thickness + .01, center=false); //set the bearing lip
}

for(r=[(45 - prong_arc_deg)/2:90:359]) //fit the prong arc evenly within each 45 deg segment of the circle
	rotate([0,0,r])
		intersection()
		{
			rotate_extrude(convexity=10)
				translate([part_d/2 - prong_thickness,0,0])
					square([prong_thickness,prong_height]);
			prong(angle=prong_arc_deg);
		}

 module prong(angle, extent=100, height=100, center=true)
{
	module prong_wall()
	{
		translate([0,0, (center==true ? -height/2: 0)])
			cube([extent, 0.1, height]);
	}

	hull()
	{
		prong_wall();
		rotate([0,0,angle])
			prong_wall();
	}

}
```


[User]
Hi there! I'm looking to get a custom slide holder designed for some lab work. I've been using a basic design, but it needs to be more flexible.

Essentially, I need a holder for microscope slides or similar small, flat items. The key is that it needs to be parametric, so I can easily adjust the dimensions. Here's what I'm thinking:

**Key Parameters:**

*   **`ChipThickness`**:  The thickness of the slide or "chip" to be held. Default: 1.5mm
*   **`ChipWidth`**: The width of the slide. Default: 26mm
*   **`ChipHeight`**: The height of the slide. Default: 50mm
*   **`NozzleDiameter`**:  I'd like to base some wall thicknesses on my printer's nozzle diameter for easy printing. Default: 0.4mm
*   **`HolderBottomThickness`**: The thickness of the holder's base. Default: 2mm
*   **`HolderSideThickness`**: The thickness of the side walls of the holder. Default: 2mm
*   **`HolderSteelGrooveWidth`**: The width of a steel groove that may exist on the side. Default: 9mm. This needs to be accounted for in the overall holder's width, but may not need to be actually present in every design, so needs to be optional.
*   **`HolderVerticalWallThickness`**: The thickness of the vertical walls, again probably related to the nozzle diameter. Default: 2mm.
*   **`GrooveDepth`**: The depth of the groove that holds the slide. Default: 2mm
*   **`GrooveClearance`**: The clearance between the slide and the groove holding it. Default: 0.4mm

**Design Specifications**

1.  **Base**: The holder will have a solid base of `HolderBottomThickness`.
2.  **Side Walls**: There will be side walls on either side of the slide, with a thickness of `HolderSideThickness`.
3.  **Grooves**:  Grooves need to be present on the left and right hand sides to hold the slides in place. The grooves should have a depth of `GrooveDepth` and a clearance of `GrooveClearance`.
4.  **Steel Groove Consideration**: The design needs to accommodate an optional steel groove on the side. If the `HolderSteelGrooveWidth` is greater than the `ChipThickness`, the width needs to be enough for the groove and `2*GrooveClearance` as well as the thickness of the `HolderSideThickness` on either side, otherwise the width is derived from the `ChipThickness` and `HolderSideThickness`.
5.  **Vertical Walls**: There should be vertical walls along the chip width. These are optional.

I'd like the design to be clean and functional, with the ability to easily adjust all these parameters. I don't require any specific libraries, just standard OpenSCAD commands. I'm picturing a rectangular base with vertical supports and grooves for the slide.

Let me know if you have any questions!

[Assistant]
BioprintVerticalSlideHolder01.scad:
```
//design and code by bioprint (http://www.thingiverse.com/bioprint)
//This code generates a holder for items used for data collection (customizable)
// 2014-07-11:	first design
// 2014-11-05: formatted to slides

// Chip Thichness
ChipThichness=1.5; // 1.5mm
// Chip Width
ChipWidth=26; // 24mm
// Chip Height
ChipHeight=50; // 50mm

// Nozzle Diameter
NozzleDiameter = 0.4; // use nozzle size

// Holder Bottom Thickness
HolderBottomThickness = 2; // 2mm
// Holder Side Thickness
HolderSideThickness = 2; // 2mm

// Holder Steel Groove Width
HolderSteelGrooveWidth = 9; // 9mm

// Holder Vertical Wall Thickness
HolderVerticalWallThickness = 2; // use nozzle size

//GrooveDepth
GrooveDepth = 2; // 2mm
//Groove Clearance
GrooveClearance = 0.4; // 0.4mm

MyBottomWidth = (HolderSteelGrooveWidth > ChipThichness) ?  HolderSteelGrooveWidth + 2*GrooveClearance + 2 *  HolderSideThickness  : ChipThichness + 2 * HolderSideThickness;
MyBottomLength = ChipWidth + 2*HolderSideThickness + GrooveDepth;

difference(){
	cube(size = [MyBottomLength,MyBottomWidth,HolderBottomThickness], center = false);

   translate ([HolderSideThickness+ChipWidth+HolderSideThickness,MyBottomWidth/2-(HolderSteelGrooveWidth+2*GrooveClearance)/2,0])
		cube(size = [GrooveDepth,HolderSteelGrooveWidth+2*GrooveClearance,ChipHeight+HolderBottomThickness], center = false);
}

difference(){
	translate ([0,0,HolderBottomThickness])
		cube(size = [GrooveDepth+HolderSideThickness,MyBottomWidth,ChipHeight], center = false);
	translate ([HolderSideThickness,MyBottomWidth/2-(ChipThichness+2*GrooveClearance)/2,HolderBottomThickness])
		cube(size = [GrooveDepth+HolderSideThickness,ChipThichness+2*GrooveClearance,ChipHeight], center = false);

}

difference(){
	translate ([HolderSideThickness+ChipWidth-GrooveDepth,0,HolderBottomThickness])
		cube(size = [2*GrooveDepth+HolderSideThickness,MyBottomWidth,ChipHeight], center = false);
   translate ([HolderSideThickness+ChipWidth-GrooveDepth,MyBottomWidth/2-(ChipThichness+2*GrooveClearance)/2,HolderBottomThickness])
		cube(size = [GrooveDepth,ChipThichness+2*GrooveClearance,ChipHeight], center = false);
   translate ([HolderSideThickness+ChipWidth+HolderSideThickness,MyBottomWidth/2-(HolderSteelGrooveWidth+2*GrooveClearance)/2,0])
		cube(size = [GrooveDepth,HolderSteelGrooveWidth+2*GrooveClearance,ChipHeight+HolderBottomThickness], center = false);

}

//		translate([c*WellCenterSpacing, r*WellCenterSpacing+WellCenterSpacing/2, 0-CubeHeight/2])
//			cube(size = [CubeShort,CubeLong,CubeHeight], center = true);
//
//			difference() {
//    				translate([c*WellCenterSpacing, r*WellCenterSpacing, 0])
//    					cylinder (h = WellDepth, r=WellDiameter/2, center = true, $fn=20);
//				translate([c*WellCenterSpacing, r*WellCenterSpacing, WellBottomThickness])
//					cylinder (h = WellDepth-WellBottomThickness, r=WellDiameter/2-WallThickness, center = true, $fn=20);

```


[User]
I need a parametric design for a microfluidics device holder, specifically for use on a Nikon microscope stage. I have a specific design in mind, but I need it to be easily adjustable for different chamber sizes, objective sizes, and other parameters.

Here’s a breakdown of the requirements, mirroring the parameters I currently have in my existing, non-parametric file:

**Overall Structure:**

*   The holder should consist of a base with walls, a lip on the inner edge of the base, and optional end holders, with a cut-out for the microscope objective. The base should have optional notches on the top for easy removal of the device.
*   A separate lid should be designed to fit snugly over the base.

**Parametric Requirements:**

I need these parameters to be configurable:

*   **`SizeOfNozzle`**: This controls layer height indirectly through nozzle diameter (should be in mm).
*   **`EndholderWidth`**: Width of the end holders (in mm).
*   **`EndholderLip`**: Length of the lip on end holders (in mm).
*   **`ObjectiveDiameter`**: Diameter of the microscope objective (in mm).
*   **`ObjectiveCenterX`**: X-coordinate of the objective center relative to the base's origin (in mm).
*   **`ObjectiveCenterY`**: Y-coordinate of the objective center relative to the base's origin (in mm).
*   **`ObjectiveRim`**: This should be defined as the radius of a cylinder around the objective, effectively adding a protective rim (in mm).
*   **`BottomThicknessInLayers`**: Thickness of the base's bottom layer in number of nozzle-layers, to be multiplied by `SizeOfNozzle` for real-world height.
*  **`WallThicknessInLayers`**: Thickness of the base's wall in number of nozzle-layers, to be multiplied by `SizeOfNozzle` for real-world thickness.
*   **`InnerSkirtWidth`**: Width of the inner lip on the base (in mm).
*   **`OuterSkirtWidth`**: Width of the outer skirt on the base (in mm).
*   **`WallHeight`**: Height of the base walls (in mm).
*   **`NotchSize`**: Size of the notches (in mm).
*   **`InnerWidth`**: Inner width of the base (in mm).
*   **`InnerLength`**: Inner length of the base (in mm).
*   **`NotchDistance`**: Distance between notches (in mm).
*   **`LidTolerance`**: Tolerance between the lid and the base (in mm).
*   **`LidHeight`**: Height of the lid (in mm).

**Specific Design Considerations:**

*   The end holders should be optional and positioned at the ends of the base, designed to connect to the Nikon stage.
*   The base should have an inner lip, creating a recess for the microfluidics device.
*   The objective cut-out should be a circular cut-out centered at `ObjectiveCenterX` and `ObjectiveCenterY`.
*   Notches should be on the top edges of the base, spaced at `NotchDistance`.
*   The lid should fit on top of the base with a small clearance defined by `LidTolerance`.
*   The lid should also have a bottom lip that fits into the inner recess of the base.
*   I want to specify the bottom and wall thickness in layers, using `SizeOfNozzle` to get mm measurements.

I’m thinking I’ll need two primary modules: one for the base and another for the lid.

For this project, I will not be attaching code, and I would prefer the project in vanilla OpenSCAD, without any external libraries if possible. Please make the design parametric based on the parameters I have specified above.

[Assistant]
BioprintMicrofluidicsDeviceHolderNikon.scad:
```
//design and code by bioprint (http://www.thingiverse.com/bioprint)
//This code generates a holder for Microfluidics Chamber (customizable)
// 2015-01-16:	first design

// Size of nozzle
SizeOfNozzle = 0.4; // size of nozzle
// Endholder Width
EndholderWidth = 54; // 54 mm for Nikon Ti holder
// Endholder Lip
EndholderLip = 10; // 3 mm

// Objective Diameter
ObjectiveDiameter = 34; // 34 mm
// Objective Center X
ObjectiveCenterX = 42; // 42 mm
// Objective Center Y
ObjectiveCenterY = 33; // 33 mm
// Objective Rim
ObjectiveRim = 3; // 3 mm

// Bottom thickness measured in layers
BottomThicknessInLayers = 4; // number of layers
// Wall thickness measured in layers
WallThicknessInLayers = 4; // number of layers
// Inner Skirt Width
InnerSkirtWidth = 3; // 3 mm

// Outer Skirt Width
OuterSkirtWidth = 2; // 2 mm

// Wall Height
WallHeight = 13; // 10 mm
// NotchSize
NotchSize = 3; // 3 mm
// Inner Width
InnerWidth = 50; // 50 mm
// Inner Length
InnerLength = 72; // 72 mm

// NotchDistance
NotchDistance = 8; // 8 mm

// LidTolerance
LidTolerance = 0.5; // 1 mm
// Lid Height
LidHeight = 8; // 8 mm

WallThicknessInMM = WallThicknessInLayers*SizeOfNozzle;

//OuterSkirtWidth = MaximumWidth - 2*WallThicknessInMM - InnerWidth;

BottomThicknessInLayersInMM = BottomThicknessInLayers*SizeOfNozzle;
// this arrangement barely fits the 150 mm build table
// LidXOffset = InnerLength + 2*WallThicknessInMM + OuterSkirtWidth + InnerSkirtWidth;

LidXOffset = 0;
LidYOffset = InnerWidth + 2*WallThicknessInMM + OuterSkirtWidth + InnerSkirtWidth;

// cylinder(h = 10, r=20, $fn=100);

// bottom layer
difference(){
	translate([-1*WallThicknessInMM,-1*WallThicknessInMM,0])
		cube(size = [InnerLength + WallThicknessInMM * 2,
						InnerWidth + WallThicknessInMM * 2,
						WallHeight], center = false);
	translate([0,0,0])
		cube(size = [InnerLength,
						InnerWidth,
						WallHeight], center = false);
	// notches
//	for ( c = [NotchDistance/2 : NotchDistance : InnerLength - NotchDistance/2] )
//	{
//		translate([c,
//						-1*WallThicknessInMM,
//						0])
//		cube(size = [NotchDistance/2,
//						WallThicknessInMM+2,
//						WallHeight], center = false);
//
//	}

	for ( c = [NotchSize : NotchDistance : InnerLength-NotchSize] )
	{
		translate([c,
						-1*WallThicknessInMM,
						WallHeight-NotchSize])
		cube(size = [NotchSize,
						 InnerWidth+3*WallThicknessInMM,
						 NotchSize], center = false);

	}

	for ( c = [NotchSize : NotchDistance : InnerWidth-NotchSize] )
	{
		translate([-1*WallThicknessInMM,
						c,
						WallHeight-NotchSize])
		cube(size = [InnerLength+3*WallThicknessInMM,
							NotchSize,
						 	NotchSize], center = false);

	}
// cut cylinder
	translate([ObjectiveCenterX, ObjectiveCenterY, -1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cylinder(h = BottomThicknessInLayersInMM + WallHeight, r=ObjectiveDiameter/2, $fn=10);

}

// skirts
//BottomThicknessInLayersInMM  InnerSkirtWidth OuterSkirtWidth
difference(){
	translate([-1*WallThicknessInMM-OuterSkirtWidth,
					-1*WallThicknessInMM-OuterSkirtWidth,
					-1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cube(size = [InnerLength + (WallThicknessInMM+OuterSkirtWidth) * 2,
						InnerWidth + (WallThicknessInMM+OuterSkirtWidth) * 2,
						BottomThicknessInLayersInMM], center = false);

	translate([	0,
				  	0,
					-1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cube(size = [InnerLength,
						InnerWidth,
						BottomThicknessInLayersInMM], center = false);

// cut cylinder
	translate([ObjectiveCenterX, ObjectiveCenterY, -1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cylinder(h = BottomThicknessInLayersInMM + WallHeight, r=ObjectiveDiameter/2, $fn=10);

}

// end holders
	// holders on sides (Nikon C2)

//EndholderWidth = 54; // 54 mm for Nikon Ti holder
// Endholder Lip
//EndholderLip = 10; // 3 mm

	translate([-1*WallThicknessInMM-OuterSkirtWidth + InnerLength + (WallThicknessInMM+OuterSkirtWidth) * 2,
					-1*WallThicknessInMM-OuterSkirtWidth + (InnerWidth + (WallThicknessInMM+OuterSkirtWidth) * 2)/2 - EndholderWidth/2,
					-1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cube(size = [EndholderLip,
						 EndholderWidth,
						 BottomThicknessInLayersInMM], center = false);

	translate([-1*WallThicknessInMM-OuterSkirtWidth - EndholderLip,
					-1*WallThicknessInMM-OuterSkirtWidth + (InnerWidth + (WallThicknessInMM+OuterSkirtWidth) * 2)/2 - EndholderWidth/2,
					-1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cube(size = [EndholderLip,
						 EndholderWidth,
						 BottomThicknessInLayersInMM], center = false);

// inner lip

difference(){
	translate([-1*WallThicknessInMM,
					-1*WallThicknessInMM,
					-1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cube(size = [InnerLength + (WallThicknessInMM) * 2,
						InnerWidth + (WallThicknessInMM) * 2,
						BottomThicknessInLayersInMM], center = false);

	translate([	InnerSkirtWidth,
				  	InnerSkirtWidth,
					-1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cube(size = [InnerLength-2*InnerSkirtWidth,
						InnerWidth-2*InnerSkirtWidth,
						BottomThicknessInLayersInMM], center = false);

// cut cylinder
	translate([ObjectiveCenterX, ObjectiveCenterY, -1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cylinder(h = BottomThicknessInLayersInMM + WallHeight, r=ObjectiveDiameter/2, $fn=100);

}

// Lid
// LidXOffset LidTolerance LidHeight

difference(){
	translate([LidXOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2 ,
				  LidYOffset -2*WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2,0])
		cube(size = [InnerLength + WallThicknessInMM * 4 + LidTolerance,
						InnerWidth + WallThicknessInMM * 4 + LidTolerance,
						LidHeight], center = false);
	translate([LidXOffset-WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2 ,
				  LidYOffset-WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2,0])
		cube(size = [InnerLength + LidTolerance + 2*WallThicknessInMM,
						InnerWidth + LidTolerance + 2*WallThicknessInMM,
						LidHeight], center = false);

	for ( c = [NotchSize : NotchDistance : InnerLength-NotchSize] )
	{
		translate([c + LidXOffset,
						LidYOffset -2*WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2,
						0])  //LidHeight-NotchSize]
		cube(size = [NotchSize,
						 InnerWidth+4*WallThicknessInMM+LidTolerance,
						 LidHeight], center = false); //NotchSize

	}

	// has to be symmetric
	for ( c = [InnerWidth- NotchSize - 2*WallThicknessInMM - LidTolerance/2  : -1*NotchDistance : NotchSize] )
	{
		translate([-2*WallThicknessInMM-LidTolerance/2 + LidXOffset,
						c + LidYOffset,
						0]) //
		cube(size = [InnerLength+4*WallThicknessInMM+LidTolerance,
							NotchSize,
						 	LidHeight], center = false);

	}

}

difference(){

	translate([LidXOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2 ,
					LidYOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2,
					-1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cube(size = [InnerLength + WallThicknessInMM * 4 + LidTolerance,
						InnerWidth + WallThicknessInMM * 4 + LidTolerance,
						BottomThicknessInLayersInMM], center = false);

	translate([LidXOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2 + InnerSkirtWidth ,
					LidYOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM -LidTolerance/2 + InnerSkirtWidth,
					-1*BottomThicknessInLayersInMM])
		cube(size = [InnerLength + WallThicknessInMM * 4 + LidTolerance - 2*InnerSkirtWidth,
						InnerWidth + WallThicknessInMM * 4 + LidTolerance - 2* InnerSkirtWidth,
						BottomThicknessInLayersInMM], center = false);
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric design for a coverslip holder, something that can also be used as a general frame. I'd like to be able to customize the size and thickness of the base, the walls, and the central chamber. I also need a separate top piece that fits onto the base, with a similar level of customization options. It should have a central opening that aligns with the chamber in the base.

Here are some specific parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **Nozzle Size:**  The width of the nozzle used in 3D printing (e.g., 0.4mm). I'll use this to determine the wall thickness.
*   **Bottom Thickness:** The thickness of the base (e.g., 1mm).
*   **Wall Thickness:** The number of layers of nozzle-width to use for the walls. I need to convert this to mm when making the part (e.g., 3 layers, meaning 3 \* Nozzle Size for wall thickness).
*  **Inner Skirt Width:** the width of the recess for the coverslip (e.g. 2mm)
*   **Chamber Height:** The height of the central chamber in the base (e.g., 0.6mm).
*   **Chamber Width:** The width of the central chamber (e.g., 23.5mm).
*   **Chamber Length:** The length of the central chamber (e.g., 23.5mm).
*   **Lid Tolerance:** The amount of space between the base and top piece for a snug fit (e.g., 0.3mm).
*  **Round Holder Diameter:** The diameter of a circular holder (e.g., 7mm)
* **Round Holder Length:** The length of the circular holder (e.g., 4mm)
*   **Washer Diameter:**  The diameter of a washer that might be used with this (e.g., 13mm)
*   **Washer Thickness:** The thickness of the washer that might be used (e.g., 0.75mm).
*   **Holder Opening:**  The diameter of an opening for a holder (e.g., 10mm).
*   **Holder Wall Thickness:** The wall thickness, in layers, of the holder (e.g., 4 layers).
*   **Holder Height:** The height of the holder (e.g. WasherDiameter/2)
*   **Build Width:** The width of the build platform. (e.g., 140mm).
*   **Build Length:** The length of the build platform. (e.g., 140mm).
*   **Enable Multiple Device Printing:** A boolean (e.g. 1) to enable printing multiple devices at once.

I’d like two main modules. One for the base, and one for the top. The top should fit snugly onto the base. The base should also have a recessed area for holding the coverslip and the top piece should also have an opening for viewing the coverslip. I need to be able to position these on the print bed, too. Make sure to handle the translation of both.

I think it should be pretty straightforward if you use the standard OpenSCAD primitives like `cube()` and `difference()` along with some calculated parameters.

[Assistant]
BioprintXtalCoverslipHolderOnly.scad:
```
//design and code by bioprint (http://www.thingiverse.com/bioprint)
//This code generates a holder for coverslip holder at SBC (customizable)
// 2015-02-02:	first design

// Size of nozzle
SizeOfNozzle = 0.4; // size of nozzle
// Bottom thickness
BottomThickness = 1; // 1 mm
// Wall thickness measured in layers
WallThicknessInLayers = 3; // number of layers (originally 2)
// Inner Skirt Width
InnerSkirtWidth = 2; // 2 mm

// Chamber Height
ChamberHeight = 0.6; // 0.6 mm (2 layers); Slicer: Z-layer: 0.3mm (first layer 0.4mm)
// ChamberWidth
ChamberWidth = 23.5; // 23 mm
// ChamberLength
ChamberLength = 23.5; // 23 mm

// Lid Tolerance
LidTolerance = 0.3; // 0.2 mm

// Round Holder Diameter
RoundHolderDiameter = 7; // 6 mm

// Round Holder Length
RoundHolderLength = 4; // 8 mm

// Washer Diameter
WasherDiameter = 13; // 1/2"
// Washer Thickness
WasherThickness = 0.75; // 1.5 mm

// Holder Opening
HolderOpening = 10; // 9 mm

// Holder Wall Thickness In Layers
HolderWallThicknessInLayers = 4; // 3

// HolderHeight
HolderHeight = WasherDiameter/2; //

// BuildWidth
BuildWidth = 140; // 140 mm
// BuildLength
BuildLength = 140; // 140 mm
// Enable Multiple Device Printing
EnableMultipleDevicePrinting = 1;

WallThicknessInMM = WallThicknessInLayers*SizeOfNozzle;

LidXOffset = 0;
LidYOffset = ChamberLength + 2*WallThicknessInMM + InnerSkirtWidth;

TopXOffset = 0;
TopYOffset = ChamberLength + 2*WallThicknessInMM + InnerSkirtWidth;

// Holder Yoffset
HolderYOffset = ChamberLength/2;
HolderWallThicknessInLayersInMM = HolderWallThicknessInLayers * SizeOfNozzle;
HolderInsideColumn = WasherDiameter/2-2*LidTolerance;

// for multiplexing
XOffset = 0;
YOffset = 0;

MaxX = 0;
MaxY = 0;

		// bottom layer
		difference(){
			translate([XOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM - LidTolerance,-1*WallThicknessInMM,0])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth + WallThicknessInMM * 4 + 2*LidTolerance,
								ChamberLength + WallThicknessInMM,
								BottomThickness + ChamberHeight-LidTolerance], center = false); // snaps better
			translate([XOffset-1*WallThicknessInMM - LidTolerance,0,BottomThickness])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth + 2*WallThicknessInMM + 2*LidTolerance,
								ChamberLength+WallThicknessInMM * 2,
								ChamberHeight], center = false);

			translate([XOffset+InnerSkirtWidth,InnerSkirtWidth,0])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth-2*InnerSkirtWidth,
								ChamberLength-2*InnerSkirtWidth,
								BottomThickness], center = false);

		}

		// top layer
		difference(){
			translate([XOffset-3*WallThicknessInMM-2*LidTolerance,
						  TopYOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM-LidTolerance,0])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth + WallThicknessInMM * 6 + LidTolerance * 4,
								ChamberLength + WallThicknessInMM * 3 + LidTolerance * 2,
								BottomThickness + ChamberHeight + BottomThickness], center = false);

			translate([XOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM - LidTolerance,TopYOffset - WallThicknessInMM,BottomThickness+ChamberHeight])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth+4*WallThicknessInMM+2*LidTolerance,
								ChamberLength+WallThicknessInMM,
								BottomThickness], center = false);

			translate([XOffset,TopYOffset - WallThicknessInMM,BottomThickness])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth,
								ChamberLength+4*WallThicknessInMM,
								ChamberHeight+2*BottomThickness], center = false);

			translate([XOffset,TopYOffset - WallThicknessInMM,BottomThickness])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth,
								ChamberLength+4*WallThicknessInMM,
								ChamberHeight+2*BottomThickness], center = false);

			translate([XOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM - LidTolerance,TopYOffset - WallThicknessInMM,BottomThickness])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth+4*WallThicknessInMM+2*LidTolerance,
								WallThicknessInMM+2*LidTolerance,
								ChamberHeight+2*BottomThickness], center = false);

			translate([XOffset-2*WallThicknessInMM - LidTolerance,TopYOffset - WallThicknessInMM,BottomThickness])
				cube(size = [WallThicknessInMM+2*LidTolerance,
								ChamberLength+WallThicknessInMM+LidTolerance,
								ChamberHeight+2*BottomThickness], center = false);

			translate([XOffset+ChamberWidth + WallThicknessInMM - LidTolerance,TopYOffset - WallThicknessInMM,BottomThickness])
				cube(size = [WallThicknessInMM+2*LidTolerance,
								ChamberLength+WallThicknessInMM+LidTolerance,
								ChamberHeight+2*BottomThickness], center = false);

		// top opening
			translate([XOffset+InnerSkirtWidth,InnerSkirtWidth + TopYOffset,0])
				cube(size = [ChamberWidth-2*InnerSkirtWidth,
								ChamberLength-2*InnerSkirtWidth,
								ChamberHeight+2*BottomThickness], center = false);

		}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a surfboard wax comb using OpenSCAD. It should have a rectangular body with a row of teeth along one edge and a curved scraping edge on the other end. I'd also like to add some text on the top surface.

Specifically, I'd like the following parameters:

*   `length`: Overall length of the comb.
*   `width`: Width of the comb.
*   `height`: Thickness of the comb.
*   `tooth_length`: The length of each individual tooth (how far it sticks out).
*   `tooth_width`: The base width of each tooth.
*   `tooth_spacing`: The distance between teeth.
*   `earc_radius`: The radius of the circle that forms the curved scraping edge.
*   `earc_width`: The width of the material removed by the curve.
*   `text`: The text to be embossed on the top surface.

The teeth should be triangular in profile and should be extruded along the thickness of the comb. The curved scraping edge should be created by subtracting an intersecting shape from a cylinder. The text should be centered on the top surface of the comb and extruded slightly to create an embossed effect. Also, could you use the standard OpenSCAD library, please, so that I won't need to download extra things.

[Assistant]
wax.scad:
```
height=3;
length=100;
width=40;
t="text here";

module tooth(){
polygon(points=[[0,0],[4.99,0],[2.5,7.5]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
}

module teeth(length,y, z){
    count=(length/5)-1;

    linear_extrude(height = z, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = 0)  {
        translate([0,y,0]){
            for (i = [0 : count]) {
                translate([i*5,0,0]){
                    tooth();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module earc(r,w,h,xloc,yloc){

    chlen = w/2;
    xpos = sqrt((pow(r,2))-(pow(chlen,2)));
    translate([(0-xpos)+xloc,(w/2)+ yloc,0]){
        intersection(){
            translate([xpos,0-(w/2),0]){
                cube([w,w,h+1]);
            }
            cylinder(h=h, r=r,$fn=360);
        }
    }
}

module body(length,width,height){

    difference(){
        union(){
            cube([length,width,height]);
        teeth(length,width,height);
        earc(60,width,height,length,0);
        }
        union(){
            rotate([30,0,0]){
                cube([length +10,height*2,4]);
            }
            rotate([0,-30,0]){
                cube([height*2,width+10,4]);

            }
        }
    }
}

module add_text(t,length,width,height){
    translate([length/2,width/2,height]){
        linear_extrude(height = 1, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = 0)  {
        text(t,halign = "center", valign="center");
        }
    }
}

body(length,width,height);
add_text(t,length,width,height);

```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable clock face using OpenSCAD. I have some ideas but I need help creating the code.

First, I'd like to be able to specify the radius of the clock face.  Then, I need hour markers placed around the perimeter. I want these markers to be small cubes with the hour number embossed on them. The hour numbers should be centered on the cubes. The cubes should be raised above the clock face a bit. I’d like to be able to change the height and the dimensions of the cubes, and also the font, font size, and extrusion height of the text, as well as the height that they sit off the face. I'd like a variable for the clock face extrusion height as well, so that both the face and the hour markers have variable heights.

Next, I’d like the clock face itself to be a cylinder, with a variable thickness, and have a polygon shape extruded upward to act as a main design element. I'd need to be able to specify the points and paths for this polygon shape. I would also like to specify the height of the polygon extrusion and whether it should be centered or not on the clock face. Finally, I need a hole to be cut in the back of the clock for the clock mechanism to fit through. This hole should be a cylinder, and have a variable radius and variable height.

I'd really like this to be all parametric, so I can easily adjust the dimensions, the polygon shape, and the text properties, and any other variables you feel are applicable. I'm hoping you can generate the entire OpenSCAD file(s) for me. I don't need any specific libraries for this, but if you find a need for one, let me know.

[Assistant]
PolygonClock.scad:
```
//!OpenSCAD
//Radius of clock face
radius = 100;
// Draw one or more closed shapes in the box! If you draw one shape inside another, it will be taken out as a hole
shape = [[[6.062497,-33.578125],[1.843747,-32.609375],[-1.437503,-29.359375],[-2.968753,-24.921875],[-2.593753,-20.296875],[-6.625003,-19.546875],[-10.468748,-17.609375],[-10.468748,-18.578125],[-12.406248,-18.390625],[-17.406248,-15.671875],[-22.218748,-11.078125],[-26.468748,-4.328125],[-32.624998,-1.828125],[-37.999998,2.390625],[-43.968748,9.515625],[-39.937498,12.421875],[-35.687498,16.453125],[-28.374998,21.078125],[-28.968748,16.078125],[-28.968748,11.828125],[-27.031248,8.578125],[-24.718748,6.046875],[-20.312498,5.109375],[-15.093748,5.671875],[-12.406248,7.796875],[-10.281248,10.484375],[-9.718748,16.078125],[-12.593748,20.890625],[-17.406248,23.390625],[-23.749998,23.171875],[-18.562498,26.265625],[-13.937498,26.453125],[-9.906248,26.453125],[-5.875003,24.328125],[2.031247,23.765625],[8.749997,26.265625],[13.749997,30.703125],[16.249997,33.578125],[21.062498,29.546875],[23.968748,25.109375],[24.718748,15.671875],[24.343748,8.359375],[23.562498,1.453125],[26.281248,5.671875],[27.218748,11.265625],[27.812498,16.265625],[27.999998,20.671875],[26.468748,25.109375],[28.593748,25.109375],[33.187498,22.796875],[35.906248,17.609375],[37.437498,12.234375],[38.406248,18.953125],[41.468748,14.921875],[43.406248,8.578125],[42.999998,2.609375],[40.499998,-4.328125],[43.968748,-0.484375],[43.593748,-2.796875],[41.281248,-9.921875],[37.624998,-15.890625],[32.624998,-20.109375],[36.093748,-19.140625],[31.656248,-22.609375],[26.281248,-24.328125],[18.187498,-25.703125],[17.999998,-23.765625],[17.624998,-20.109375],[17.624998,-18.390625],[15.687498,-16.453125],[15.687498,-17.234375],[16.656248,-22.421875],[15.312498,-27.984375],[13.187498,-31.265625],[10.874998,-33.578125],[6.07,-33.578125]],[[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86]]]; //[draw_polygon:100x100]

angle = 360/12;

for( i = [1:12] ) {
    //Calculate the (x,y) coordinate on the circle for the hour marker
    x=radius*cos(90-(angle*i));
    y=radius*sin(90-(angle*i));
    //Create an hour marker as a cube with text embossed on it
    translate([x,y,2]) difference() {
        color("Magenta",1) cube([10,10,4], center=true);
        scale([.5,.5,1]) linear_extrude(height = 4, center=true) { text(str(i), halign="center", valign="center"); }}
}

//Add the clock face cylinder
difference() {
union () {
//Draw the Grizzly
color("Magenta",1) rotate([0,0,180]) linear_extrude(height=4)
      polygon(points=shape[0],paths=shape[1]);
    color("Cyan",1) cylinder(h=2.5,r=(radius+10));
}
    color("White",1) cylinder(20,6);
}

//polygon_variable = [[[-1,1],[1,1],[1,-1],[-1,-1]],[[0,1,2,3]] ];// [draw_polygon:100x100]

```


[User]
I'd like to create a gear toy, kind of like a fidget toy with several interlocking gears on a base. I have some ideas about how I want to do it, but I need help with the OpenSCAD code.

First, I want a base. It should be a cube, and I need to be able to change the size, but ideally, it's large enough to hold 7 gears. I want to define a `GearRadius`, and the cube should be `GearRadius` * 6 on each side. The cube should have a separate height that I can specify as `BaseHeight`.

Next, I want the gears themselves. Each gear should consist of a central cylinder, and then four more cylinders attached at 90-degree angles to each other. Each cylinder should have the same radius that I can specify with `GearRadius`, and also a height, `GearHeight`. All of the cylinders will have a $fn=5$. I want to be able to optionally include a hole going all the way through the center of the gear. The hole should also be a cylinder, with its radius set by `HoleRadius`. I would like to include a small amount of tolerance as well. And I need to be able to adjust nozzle size, since that would affect the size of the central cylinder that will hold the gear onto the base.

For this first iteration, I want the center gear to have a handle, which is simply a cylinder of height `HandleHeight` on top of the gear.

Finally, I need axles on the base, one for the center gear and six more spaced out on the base. These axles need to be a cylinder with a height of `GearHeight*2` and a radius equal to `HoleRadius-Tolerance`. I'd also like to be able to specify the tolerance itself.

I would like to have it such that it is easy to specify gear height, gear radius, base height, handle height, hole radius, tolerance, and the nozzle size, and everything else scales according to these parameters.

I would also like the six outer axles on the base to be arranged in a circle around the center axle, with each 60 degrees apart.

[Assistant]
Gear.scad:
```
//Gears With Holes

//Gear Radius
GearRadius = 30;

//Gear Height
GearHeight = 3;

//Handle Height
HandleHeight = 25;

//Hole Radius
HoleRadius = 5;

//Size Of Nozzle
SizeOfNozzle = 0.4;

//Gear Without Hole
module gear(){
    union(){
        rotate([0,0,0])
            cylinder(GearHeight,GearRadius,GearRadius,$fn=5);
        rotate([0,0,90]){
            cylinder(GearHeight,GearRadius,GearRadius,$fn=5);
        }
        rotate([0,0,180]){
            cylinder(GearHeight,GearRadius,GearRadius,$fn=5);
        }
        rotate([0,0,270]){
            cylinder(GearHeight,GearRadius,GearRadius,$fn=5);
        }
    }
}

//Gear With Hole
module gearh(){
    difference(){
        gear();
        cylinder(GearHeight,HoleRadius,HoleRadius,$fn=100);
    }
    difference(){
        cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius+SizeOfNozzle,HoleRadius+SizeOfNozzle,$fn = 100);
        cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius,HoleRadius,$fn = 100);
    }
}

//Gear In Middle With Handle
union(){
    gearh();
    translate([0,GearRadius/2,GearHeight]){
        cylinder(HandleHeight,GearRadius/10,GearRadius/10,$fn = 100);
    }
}
//6 Gears On Outside
rotate([0,0,0]){
    translate([GearRadius*1.5,GearRadius*1.5,0]){
        gearh();
    }
}
rotate([0,0,60]){
    translate([GearRadius*1.5,GearRadius*1.5,0]){
        gearh();
    }
}
rotate([0,0,120]){
    translate([GearRadius*1.5,GearRadius*1.5,0]){
        gearh();
    }
}
rotate([0,0,180]){
    translate([GearRadius*1.5,GearRadius*1.5,0]){
        gearh();
    }
}
rotate([0,0,240]){
    translate([GearRadius*1.5,GearRadius*1.5,0]){
        gearh();
    }
}
rotate([0,0,300]){
    translate([GearRadius*1.5,GearRadius*1.5,0]){
        gearh();
    }
}

```
GearBase.scad:
```
//Gear Board

//Gear Radius
GearRadius = 30;

//Gear Height
GearHeight = 3;

//Base Height
BaseHeight = 3;

//Hole Radius
HoleRadius = 5;

//Tolerance
Tolerance = 0.2;

//Base
cube([GearRadius*6,GearRadius*6,BaseHeight]);

//Axle 1
translate([GearRadius,GearRadius,BaseHeight]){
    color("red")
    cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius-Tolerance,HoleRadius-Tolerance,$fn = 100);
}

//Axle 2
translate([GearRadius*3,GearRadius,BaseHeight]){
    color("orange")
    cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius-Tolerance,HoleRadius-Tolerance,$fn = 100);
}

//Axle 3
translate([GearRadius*5,GearRadius,BaseHeight]){
    color("yellow")
    cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius-Tolerance,HoleRadius-Tolerance,$fn = 100);
}

//Axle 4
translate([GearRadius*3,GearRadius*3,BaseHeight]){
    color("green")
    cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius-Tolerance,HoleRadius-Tolerance,$fn = 100);
}

//Axle 5
translate([GearRadius*3,GearRadius*5,BaseHeight]){
    color("blue")
    cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius-Tolerance,HoleRadius-Tolerance,$fn = 100);
}

//Axle 6
translate([GearRadius,GearRadius*5,BaseHeight]){
    color("purple")
    cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius-Tolerance,HoleRadius-Tolerance,$fn = 100);
}

//Axle 7
translate([GearRadius*5,GearRadius*5,BaseHeight]){
    color("pink")
    cylinder(GearHeight*2,HoleRadius-Tolerance,HoleRadius-Tolerance,$fn = 100);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a trophy generator in OpenSCAD, and I have a lot of ideas about how I want it to work! I'd like it to be parametric, so I can easily change different aspects of the design and create different trophies.

Here's what I have in mind for the core structure: the trophy will be made of a base, some pillars, and a top plate. All of those should be optional and controllable with a simple on/off switch. I'm thinking of using a module to create the base, another for the pillars, and a final one for the top plate, and then have the main module combine them based on user selection.

For the base, I want to offer a few style options: a classic block base, a tapered pedestal, an octagonal base, or a squared-off semi-circular base. Each style would have its own dimensional parameters, such as overall size (A, B, C dimensions), height, and the amount of the taper (D, E, and F).

The pillars should have a few options too. I'd like to be able to choose between square or circular pillars. I'll also want to be able to control how many pillars there are (0, 2, or 4), their height, and their center-to-center distance, as well as the pillar diameter or width. For visual variety, it would be great to be able to add depressions or cutouts to the pillar surfaces. I'd also like to be able to add a twist to the pillars as well, and control how many twists there are. It would also be useful to adjust the pillar positions fore-aft and side-to-side.

The top plate should also have adjustable thickness and pegs that fit into the top of the pillars. I'd like to have control of the number of pegs and the distance between them in both the x and y directions, as well as the height and diameter of these pegs.

Finally, for assembly, there should be cylindrical pegs on the top of the base and the pillars, and corresponding holes on the bottom of the pillars and the top plate, so everything can fit together like a puzzle. I should be able to set the height of these pegs and the depth of the holes. All dimensions should be adjustable in millimeters.

I think that's it. Let me know if you have any questions, and I'm excited to see how it will turn out!

[Assistant]
CustomizableTrophy1-0.scad:
```
//Trophies
//because everyone's a weiner
//by eriqjo May 2015

/* [Select Parts] */

Include_Base = 1; // [1:Yes, 2:No]

Include_Pillars = 1; // [1:All, 2:Standalone Pillar, 3:None]

Include_Top_Plate = 1; // [1:Yes, 2:No]

/**********************************************************************/

/* [Core Dimensions] */

//Style
Base_Style = 1; // [1:1-Classic, 2:2-Tapered Pedastal, 3:3-Octagonal, 4:4-Squared Semi-Circle]

dimA = 150;
dimB = 150;
dimC = 15;
dimD = 5;
dimE = 100;
dimF = 40;

//Hole depth, mm:
Hole_Depth = 5;

//Hole diameter, mm:
Hole_Dia = 6;

//Peg height, mm:
Peg_Height = 4;

//Peg diameter, mm:
Peg_Dia = 5.5;

/**********************************************************************/

/* [Pillars] */

//Round or square pillar
Pillar_Shape = 2; // [1:Square, 2:Circle]

//Number of pillars
Number_of_Pillars = 4; // [0:0, 2:2, 4:4]

//Center-to-center distance of the pillars in the x-direction, mm:
X_Between = 95;

//Center-to-center distance of the pillars in the y-direction (if 4 pillars), mm:
Y_Between = 55;

//Height, mm:
Pillar_Height = 100;

//Diameter of circle/width of square, mm:
Outer_Dia = 20; // [5:50]

//# of depressions (if square, # per side limit 3):
Number_of_Depressions = 10; // [0:20]

//Number of pillar twists (90 degrees each):
Twists = 1; // [0:5]

//Slide to move pillars fore-aft as desired:
Y_Adjustment = 0; // [-50:50]

//Slide to move pillars side-to-side as desired:
X_Adjustment = 0; // [-50:50]

/******************************************************************/

/* [Top Plate] */

//Thickness to make the top plate, mm:
Plate_Thickness = 10;

//# of pegs in the x-direction
X_Pegs = 2; // [0:4]

//Distance between each peg in x-direction, mm:
X_Peg_Offset = 50;

//# of pegs in the y-direction:
Y_Pegs = 2; // [0:4]

//Distance between each peg in y-direction, mm:
Y_Peg_Offset = 50;

//Height of the top-plate pegs, mm:
Top_Peg_Height = 9;

//Diameter of the top-plate pegs
Top_Peg_Diameter = 5.5;

/******** END CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES **********/

depression_limiter = (3 < Number_of_Depressions) ? 3 : Number_of_Depressions; //don't want to make more than 3 for squares
square_depression_dia = (Outer_Dia)/(2 * depression_limiter);
circle_depression_dia = (3.14 * Outer_Dia)/(2 * Number_of_Depressions);

module array(y_correction = 0){

	n_x = (Number_of_Pillars > 0) ? 2 : 0;
	x_dist = X_Between;
	n_y = (Number_of_Pillars > 0) ? Number_of_Pillars/2 : 0;
	y_dist = Y_Between;

	translate([X_Adjustment, Y_Adjustment, 0]){	//manually moving the pillars with the slider control
		translate([-1*(n_x-1)*x_dist/2, -(n_y-1)*y_dist/2 + y_correction, 0]){
			for (j = [0:n_y-1]){
				for (i = [0:n_x-1]){
					translate([i*x_dist, j*y_dist, 0])
						children(0);
				}//for i
			}//for j
		}//translate
	}//translate
}//module array

module topPegArray(y_correction = 0){
	if(X_Pegs > 0 && Y_Pegs > 0){
		n_x = X_Pegs;
		x_dist = X_Peg_Offset;
		n_y = Y_Pegs;
		y_dist = Y_Peg_Offset;

		translate([0, 0, 0]){	//manually moving the pillars with the slider control
			translate([-1*(n_x-1)*x_dist/2, -(n_y-1)*y_dist/2 + y_correction, 0]){
				for (j = [0:n_y-1]){
					for (i = [0:n_x-1]){
						translate([i*x_dist, j*y_dist, 0])
							children(0);
					}//for i
				}//for j
			}//translate
		}//translate
	}//if
}//module topPegArray

module pegs(z_move = 0){
	translate([0,0,z_move])
		cylinder(h = Peg_Height, r = Peg_Dia/2, $fn = 12, center = false);
}//module add pegs to

module holes(z_move = 0){
	translate([0, 0, z_move - 0.1])
		cylinder(h = Hole_Depth + 0.1, r = Hole_Dia/2, $fn = 12, center = false);
}//module holes

module pillars(holeZ = 0, pegZ = Pillar_Height, translateZ = 0){

	translate([0, 0, translateZ]){
		if (Pillar_Shape == 1){	//square pillar
			union(){
				difference(){		//subtracts the depressions and bottom holes
					linear_extrude(height = Pillar_Height, center = false, convexity = 20, twist = 90 * Twists)	//main square body for pillar
						square([Outer_Dia, Outer_Dia], center = true);
					translate([0, 0, -0.5]){
						for (i = [0:3]){	//for each of the 4 sides of the square
							for (j = [0:depression_limiter - 1]){	//for the number of depressions per side
								rotate([0, 0, i * 90])
									linear_extrude(height = Pillar_Height + 1, center = false, convexity = 20, twist = 90 * Twists)
										translate([Outer_Dia/2, Outer_Dia * ((j + 1)/(depression_limiter + 1)) - Outer_Dia/2, -0.1])
											circle(r = square_depression_dia/2, center = true);		//subtracting this cylinder from the square
							}//for j
						}//for i
					}//translate
					holes();
				}//difference
				pegs(pegZ);
			}//union
		}//if

		if (Pillar_Shape == 2){  //round pillar
			union(){
				difference(){
					cylinder(h = Pillar_Height, r = Outer_Dia/2, $fn = 20, center = false);	//the solid cylinder
					translate([0, 0, -0.5]){
						for (i = [0:Number_of_Depressions-1]){		//creating all of the subtraction cylinders
							rotate(a = [0, 0, i * 360/Number_of_Depressions])
								linear_extrude(height = Pillar_Height + 1, center = false, convexity = 20, twist = 90 * Twists)
									translate([Outer_Dia/2, 0, -0.1])
										circle(r = circle_depression_dia/2, center = true);
						}//for
					}//translate
					//TODO create new holes function
					holes();
				}//difference
				//TODO correct peg function
				pegs(pegZ);
			}//union
		}//if
	}//translate

}//module

module pillarHelper(y, z){

		if (Include_Pillars == 1){	//include all pillars
			array(y_correction = y)
				pillars(translateZ = z);
		}//if include pillars == 1

		if (Include_Pillars == 2){
			pillars();
		}
}

//********************************BASE 1********************************

if (Base_Style == 1){

	y_center = dimB/2 - dimE/2 - dimD;
	z_base_peg = dimC + dimF;
	z_pillar_hole = z_base_peg;		//the hole in the pillar is the same height as the peg in the base
	z_pillar_peg = z_pillar_hole + Pillar_Height;
	z_top_plate_hole = z_pillar_peg;
	z_top_plate_peg = z_top_plate_hole + Plate_Thickness;

	if (Include_Base == 1){	//build base
		union(){
			translate([0, 0, dimC/2])
				cube([dimA, dimB, dimC], center = true);
			hull(){
				translate([0, 0, dimC/2])	//base of the wedge
					cube([dimA - 2*dimD, dimB - 2*dimD, dimC], center = true);
				translate([0, ((dimB - 2*dimD) - dimE)/2, (dimC + dimF)/2])		//top platform of the wedge
					cube([dimA - 2*dimD, dimE, dimC + dimF], center = true);
			}//hull
			if (Number_of_Pillars > 0){		//doesn't add pegs if there are 0 pillars
				array(y_center)
					pegs(z_base_peg);
			}//if
		}//union
	}//if include base

	pillarHelper(y_center, z_base_peg);	//build pillars if included

	if (Include_Top_Plate == 1){
		difference(){
			translate( [0, ((dimB - 2*dimD) - dimE)/2, z_top_plate_hole + Plate_Thickness/2]){
				union(){
					cube([dimA - 2*dimD, dimE, Plate_Thickness], center = true);
					topPegArray(0)
						pegs(Plate_Thickness/2);
				}//union
			}//translate
			array(y_center)
				holes(z_top_plate_hole);
		}//difference
	}//if include top plate

}//base1

//********************************BASE 2********************************

if (Base_Style == 2){

	y_center = 0;
	z_base_peg = dimC;
	z_pillar_hole = z_base_peg;		//the hole in the pillar is the same height as the peg in the base
	z_pillar_peg = z_pillar_hole + Pillar_Height;
	z_top_plate_hole = z_pillar_peg;
	z_top_plate_peg = z_top_plate_hole + Plate_Thickness;

	if (Include_Base ==1){	//build base
		union(){
			hull(){
				cube([dimA, dimB, 0.01], center = true);
				translate([0, 0, dimC/2])
					cube([dimE, dimE, dimC], center = true);
			}//hull
			if (Number_of_Pillars > 0){
				array(y_center)
					pegs(z_base_peg);
			}//if
		}//union
	}//if include base

	pillarHelper(y_center, z_base_peg);

	if (Include_Top_Plate == 1){
		difference(){
			translate( [0, 0, z_top_plate_hole + Plate_Thickness/2]){
				union(){
					cube([dimE, dimE, Plate_Thickness], center = true);
					topPegArray(0)
						pegs(Plate_Thickness/2);
				}//union
			}//translate
			array(y_center)
				holes(z_top_plate_hole);
		}//difference
	}//module include top plate

}//base2

//********************************BASE 3********************************

if (Base_Style == 3){

	y_center = 0;
	z_base_peg = dimC + dimF;
	z_pillar_hole = z_base_peg;		//the hole in the pillar is the same height as the peg in the base
	z_pillar_peg = z_pillar_hole + Pillar_Height;
	z_top_plate_hole = z_pillar_peg;
	z_top_plate_peg = z_top_plate_hole + Plate_Thickness;

	if (Include_Base ==1){	//build base
		union(){
			translate([0, 0, dimC/2])
				cube([dimA, dimA, dimC], center = true);
			translate([0, 0, dimC - 0.1])
				rotate([0, 0, 135/2])
					cylinder(h = dimF + 0.1, r = dimA/2, center = false, $fn = 8);
			if (Number_of_Pillars > 0){
				array(y_center)
					pegs(z_base_peg);
			}//if
		}//union
	}//if include base

	pillarHelper(y_center, z_base_peg);

	if (Include_Top_Plate == 1){
		difference(){
			translate( [0, 0, z_top_plate_hole + Plate_Thickness/2]){
				union(){
					rotate([0, 0, 135/2])
						cylinder(h = Plate_Thickness, r = dimA/2, center = true, $fn = 8);
					topPegArray(0)
						pegs(Plate_Thickness/2);
				}//union
			}//translate
			array(y_center)
				holes(z_top_plate_hole);
		}//difference
	}// include top plate

}//base3

//********************************BASE 4********************************

if (Base_Style == 4){

	y_center = (dimA - dimB)/2;
	z_base_peg = dimC;
	z_pillar_hole = z_base_peg;		//the hole in the pillar is the same height as the peg in the base
	z_pillar_peg = z_pillar_hole + Pillar_Height;
	z_top_plate_hole = z_pillar_peg;
	z_top_plate_peg = z_top_plate_hole + Plate_Thickness;

	if (Include_Base ==1){	//build base
		if (dimB >= (dimA/2)){
			union(){
				difference(){	//creates the rear rounded part of the base
					cylinder(h = dimC, r = dimA/2, center = false);
					translate([0, -dimA, (dimC + 1)/2 - 0.5])
						cube([ dimA + 2, 2 * dimA, dimC + 1], center = true); //the cutting cube
				}//difference
				translate([0, -(dimB - (dimA/2))/2, dimC/2])		//creates the front rectangular section
					cube([dimA, dimB - (dimA/2) + 0.01, dimC], center = true);
				//TODO pegs here
				if (Number_of_Pillars > 0){
				array(y_center)
					pegs(z_base_peg);
				}//if
			}//union
		}//if

		if (dimB < (dimA/2)){	//error message for unacceptable dimensions
			text("DimB must be at least 1/2 of DimA", size = 5, valign = 0, halign = 0);
		}
	}//if include base

	pillarHelper(y_center, z_base_peg);

	if (Include_Top_Plate == 1){
		difference(){
			translate( [0, 0, z_top_plate_hole ]){
				union(){
					if (dimB >= (dimA/2)){
						union(){
							difference(){	//creates the rear rounded part of the base
								cylinder(h = Plate_Thickness, r = dimA/2, center = false);		//the cylinder to be cut in half
								translate([0, -dimA, (Plate_Thickness + 1)/2 - 0.5])
									cube([ dimA + 2, 2 * dimA, Plate_Thickness + 1], center = true);	//the cutting cube
							}//difference
							translate([0, -(dimB - (dimA/2))/2, Plate_Thickness/2])		//creates the front rectangular section
								cube([dimA, dimB - (dimA/2) + 0.01, Plate_Thickness], center = true);
							//TODO pegs here
							if (Number_of_Pillars > 0){
								topPegArray(0)
									pegs(Plate_Thickness);
							}//if
						}//union
					}//if

					if (dimB < (dimA/2)){	//error message for unacceptable dimensions
						text("DimB must be at least 1/2 of DimA", size = 5, valign = 0, halign = 0);
					}//if

				}//union
			}//translate
			array(y_center)
				holes(z_top_plate_hole);
		}//difference
	}// include top plate

}//base4

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric paper holder, kind of like a fancy, faceted dish, with a clip on top.

The base should be a polyhedron, and I want to be able to control its overall width, length, and height. I've got a specific vertex layout in mind: points at `[0,0,0]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.4,0,0]`, `[0,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.4,0]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.6,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.4,0]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.4,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.6,0]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.6,0]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.6,LengthOfPolyhedron,0]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron,LengthOfPolyhedron,0]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.2,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.2,HeightOfPolyhedron]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.8,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.8,HeightOfPolyhedron]`, `[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.6,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.4,HeightOfPolyhedron]`, and `[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.4,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.6,HeightOfPolyhedron]`.

The faces should be defined by `[0,3,1]`, `[0,2,4]`, `[0,4,3]`, `[3,7,5]`, `[4,6,7]`, `[7,3,4]`, `[0,8,1]`, `[0,2,8]`, `[1,8,3]`, `[2,4,8]`, `[8,11,10]`, `[8,10,3]`, `[8,4,11]`, `[9,10,11]`, `[9,3,10]`, `[9,11,4]`, `[9,5,3]`, `[9,4,6]`, `[9,7,5]`, and `[9,6,7]`. It looks a little weird, but I like the shape of it.

On top of that base, I want a clip. This should be a rotated cube, with a rectangular slot cut out of the bottom to hold the paper. The cube should sit centered on top of the polyhedron. I want to be able to control the cube's height, width, and length, as well as the slot's width and depth. I also want to control the rotation of the cube in the Z-axis (so that the slot can be at an angle).

So in summary: I need a main polyhedron body with adjustable dimensions and a clip cube with adjustable dimensions and slot dimensions, along with a Z-axis rotation. Could you create this as an OpenSCAD file with all those parameters?

[Assistant]
PaperHolder2.scad:
```
//Paper Holder 2

//Width Of Polyhedron
WidthOfPolyhedron = 100;

//Length Of Polyhedron
LengthOfPolyhedron = 100;

//Height Of Polyhedron
HeightOfPolyhedron = 40;

//Height Of Cube (In Red)
HeightOfCube = 10;

//Width Of Cube (In Red)
WidthOfCube = 10;

//Length Of Cube (In Red)
LengthOfCube = 50;

//Width Of Slot
WidthOfSlot = 1;

//Depth Of Slot
DepthOfSlot = 10;

//Polyhedron
polyhedron( points = [
[0,0,0],
[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.4,0,0],
[0,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.4,0],
[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.6,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.4,0],
[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.4,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.6,0],
[WidthOfPolyhedron,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.6,0],
[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.6,LengthOfPolyhedron,0],
[WidthOfPolyhedron,LengthOfPolyhedron,0],
[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.2,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.2,HeightOfPolyhedron],
[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.8,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.8,HeightOfPolyhedron],
[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.6,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.4,HeightOfPolyhedron],
[WidthOfPolyhedron*0.4,LengthOfPolyhedron*0.6,HeightOfPolyhedron]
],
faces = [
[0,3,1],
[0,2,4],
[0,4,3],
[3,7,5],
[4,6,7],
[7,3,4],
[0,8,1],
[0,2,8],
[1,8,3],
[2,4,8],
[8,11,10],
[8,10,3],
[8,4,11],
[9,10,11],
[9,3,10],
[9,11,4],
[9,5,3],
[9,4,6],
[9,7,5],
[9,6,7]
]);

//Cube On Top
translate([WidthOfPolyhedron/2,LengthOfPolyhedron/2,HeightOfPolyhedron+(1/2*HeightOfCube)]){
    rotate([0,0,-45]){
        difference(){
            color("red")
            cube([WidthOfCube,LengthOfCube,HeightOfCube],center = true);
            color("white")
            cube([WidthOfSlot,LengthOfCube,DepthOfSlot],center = true);
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric OpenSCAD design for a cat toy ball, and I'd like it to be a little different than some of the other designs I've seen. I have a basic design in mind, which is sort of an evolution of an older one I did but I want it done right this time.

Basically, it's a sphere with holes, but each hole will have a reinforcing ring or rim around it that connects the inner and outer surfaces of the sphere. This should make it stronger and easier to print.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **`sphere_od`**: The outer diameter of the sphere (in millimeters). This should be adjustable.
*   **`wall`**: The thickness of the sphere's wall (in millimeters).
*  **`hole_dia`**: The inner diameter of the holes through the sphere (in millimeters).
*   **`lip_thickness`**: The thickness of the lip (ring) around each hole, which will connect the inner and outer sphere walls (in millimeters).

The design should include the following constraints:

*   The maximum `hole_dia` should be limited to 60% of the `sphere_od`.
*   The outer diameter of the hole's ring (`hole_od`) should be limited to 70% of the `sphere_od` and should be equal to `hole_id + lip_thickness`, where `hole_id` is the calculated and possibly reduced `hole_dia`.
*   The holes should be arranged in three directions: through the X, Y and Z axes.
*   The rings around the holes should perfectly meet the inner and outer sphere surfaces. This requires some math to calculate the height of the cylinder for the rim.
*   I want the design to be clean and simple, so no extraneous features. I'd like to keep a nice level of detail on the sphere itself, probably using a `$fn` variable. I would expect this variable to be applied to both the sphere and the cylinder primitives.
*   I'd expect these to be 3D-printable, so no overlaps except for those specified.
*   I'd like it to be modular so that I can extend it in the future. If you have any suggestions as to how it might be more modular, I'd appreciate that.

I'd like the code to be well-commented and use variable names that are clear and easy to understand. The design should use `difference()` to cut the holes and add the rims.

I don't need to integrate any specific library, this should be doable with core OpenSCAD functions. Can you help me with this?

[Assistant]
catball_v2.scad:
```
$fn=32*1;
inch=25.4*1;

/*
 * cat toy v2, Tyler.Bletsch@gmail.com
 *
 * variable abbreviations: id=inner diameter, od=outer diameter
 */

// Sphere outer diameter (mm)
sphere_od=40; // [15:100]

// Thickness of the sphere wall (mm)
wall=1;       // [1:5]

// Inner diameter of the holes (mm)
hole_dia = 15; // [5:80]

// Thickness of the lip around each hole (mm)
lip_thickness=5; // [1:20]

// Apply sane limits to inputs
max_hole_id = sphere_od*0.6;
max_hole_od = sphere_od*0.7;
hole_id = min(hole_dia,max_hole_id);
hole_od = min(hole_id + lip_thickness, max_hole_od);

sphere_id=sphere_od-wall*2;

// some pythagorean theorem to find cylinder sizes

// "outer height" of the rim -- in terms of the length of a cylinder to create it
rim_oh = sqrt(pow(sphere_id/2,2)-pow(hole_od/2,2));
// "inner height" of the rim -- in terms of the length of a cylinder to subtrace out
rim_ih = sqrt(pow(sphere_od/2,2)-pow(hole_id/2,2));

// sphere with holes
difference() {
    sphere(d=sphere_od,$fn=4*$fn);
    sphere(d=sphere_id);
    for_each_rot() cylinder(d=hole_id, h=sphere_od+1, center=true);
}

// hole rims
for_each_rot() difference() {
    cylinder(d=hole_od, h=rim_ih*2, center=true); // rim body
    cylinder(d=hole_od+1, h=rim_oh*2, center=true); // cut off inside on height axis
    cylinder(d=hole_id, h=sphere_od+1, center=true); // cut off inside on radial axis
}

module for_each_rot() {
    rotate([ 0, 0, 0]) children();
    rotate([90, 0, 0]) children();
    rotate([ 0,90, 0]) children();
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a customizable token design in OpenSCAD and I'm hoping you can help me generate the code. I have some initial ideas, based on a design I had printed in sterling silver (I have the .scad for that but I want to start from scratch with a configurable version).

Basically, I want a circular token with a raised edge detail and then some customizable lettering in the center.

Here's the breakdown:

1.  **Base Token:** The token should be a flat cylinder, with a base thickness. There's going to be a raised border around the circumference. The base cylinder and the raised edge should be separate objects (modules) so I can control each individually. I'd like to be able to easily change the overall diameter, base thickness, and raised edge thickness, and the raised edge "height" from the surface of the base cylinder.

2.  **Raised Edge:** The raised edge is actually a complex shape, I made it using some intersection and rotate_extrude magic. It consists of two sets of 'bumps' that wrap around the perimeter and sit on the cylinder's base. I should be able to change the radius and position of these bumps and the overall diameter of the raised edge. I should also be able to change the extrusion depth and rotation radius of the raised border. I'd like to be able to define the number of bumps and easily turn them on/off - they could be optional.

3.  **Customizable Center:** This part is important. Instead of importing DXF files like in my original design, I'd like to be able to add any text I want, in any font I like. So this will need to support text input, font selection, text sizing, text extrusion depth, and positioning. I'd also like to be able to control the color of the text separately from the token itself, and potentially apply an outline or other effect. Also, I need to be able to rotate the text along the z axis. Maybe this should be a module of its own for easy control.

4.  **Colors:** I'd like to be able to easily adjust the colors of the base cylinder, the raised edges, and the center text.

5.  **Output:** Just a single .scad file for the whole thing is fine; I don't need a separate library or anything. I want to be able to adjust all parameters from the top level of the file, so use variables.

Can you help me get started with this? I don't need a super-fancy design, just the basic functionality as described and everything should be parametric. Thanks!

[Assistant]
jns.scad:
```
$fs = 1;
$fa = 4;

silver = [.88,.895,.895];
dark_silver = [.6,.6,.6];

module token() {
	color(dark_silver) translate([0, 0, -.5]) linear_extrude(1) circle(r=7.5, center=true);
	scale(.168) outer();

	module outer() {
		translate([0, 60, 0]) color(silver) intersection() {
			rotate_extrude(convexity = 1.3) translate([11, 0, 0]) circle(r=6);
			translate([0, 0, -5]) linear_extrude(10) circle(r=60);
		}

		color(silver) intersection() {
			rotate_extrude(convexity = 10) translate([50, 0, 0]) circle(r=7);
			translate([0, 0, -5]) linear_extrude(10) circle(r=60);
		}
	}

	center = -8;
	union() {
		color("lightgrey")
		translate([center, center, -.625])
		linear_extrude(1.25)
		scale([2.5, 2.5, 2])
		import(file = "knot.dxf");

		color(silver)
		translate([-4.0, -6.2, 0])
		linear_extrude(.75)
		rotate([0, 0, 6])
		scale([10, 10, 2])
		import(file = "j.dxf");

		color(silver)
		translate([5, -5, -.75])
		linear_extrude(.75)
		rotate([0, 180, 6])
		scale([10, 10, 2])
		import(file = "s.dxf");
	}
}
echo($t);
rotate([0, (360*100)*$t, 35]) token();
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to make a customizable keyring and I found this old OpenSCAD file that’s pretty close to what I want, but I’d like something more robust, easier to use, and more customizable. It's called NameKeyringV1.4.scad, and it seems to rely on the built-in OpenSCAD `text()` function for letters and a loop, so it doesn't need any external libraries.

Here's a breakdown of what I want in a new design, inspired by the functionality of the provided file:

1.  **Text Customization:**
    *   I need to be able to enter the text for the keyring, obviously.
    *   I'd like to be able to select the font for this text. The current version includes "Anton", "Chewy", "Forte", "Gloria Hallelujah", "Lobster", "Luckiest Guy", "Open Sans Extrabold", "Oswald", "Pacifico", "Press Start 2P", "Racing Sans One", "Sigmar One", and "Snap ITC".  I would like it to handle any standard fonts.
    *   I also need control over letter spacing. In the original, this is an array where each value represents the space between each letter, allowing for things like overlap. I'd like to keep that control.
    *   And, I’d like to control the height of each letter individually, like in the original file (using an array of heights).

2.  **Twist Functionality:**
    *   There should be an option to add a twist to the extruded letters.
    *   I want to control the twist angle (in degrees), and the center of this twisting action, just like the original.

3. **Loop Customization:**
    *  I need to include a loop at the end of the keyring.
    *  I’d like to specify the character used for the loop (it's usually 'u' or 'o').
    *  I need to be able to choose the font for this loop character, independent of the text. The list in the original file works: "Anton", "Chewy", "Forte", "Gloria Hallelujah", "Lobster", "Luckiest Guy", "Open Sans Extrabold", "Oswald", "Pacifico", "Press Start 2P", "Racing Sans One", "Sigmar One", and "Snap ITC".
    *   The loop needs to be repositionable along the x and y axes.

4.  **Preview Rotation:**
    *   It's helpful to be able to rotate the preview in the OpenSCAD window.

5.  **Functionality and Robustness:**
    *   I'd love to see that spacing and letter heights adjust to the length of the text automatically. Having to type in an array of the correct length is a bit tedious. Maybe an automatic spacing and height adjustment, with an option to override the spacing and height for each letter individually, would be great.
    *   The current version doesn’t seem to handle errors well if you enter less spacing or height values than letters. It would be good if it either repeated the last value or had some default behavior when you enter fewer spacing/height values than the length of the string.
    *   Ideally, the whole thing would be more easily adjustable with parameters and perhaps a more intuitive structure so that it’s easy to change things.

I don’t think this requires any extra libraries like MCAD or BOSL; it just requires the built-in `text()` function in OpenSCAD. Can you help me create something that does all of this? Thanks!

[Assistant]
NameKeyringV1.4.scad:
```
/* [Text & Font] */

// for your keyring
Font_name = "Racing Sans One"; // [ Anton, Chewy, Forte, Gloria Hallelujah, Lobster, Luckiest Guy, Open Sans Extrabold, Oswald, Pacifico, Press Start 2P, Racing Sans One, Sigmar One, Snap ITC]

// for your keyring
Text = "#iamburny";

// of the preview
Rotation = 50; // [0:5:360]

/* [Spacing and Height] */

// between letters adjust the overlap (e.g. 5 letters = 5 comma seperated numbers [5,5,4.8,4.2,4])
spacing = [10,11,11,14,15,15,15,15,15];

// of each letter (e.g. 5 letters = 5 comma seperated numbers [4,3,3.5,3,4])
height = [5,6,4,5,4,3,5,4,6];

/* [ Twist ] */

// angle in degrees
twist = -3; // [-10:0.5:10]

// of twist rotation
center = 60; // [0:1:70]

/* [ Loop Settings ] */

// adjument
Loop_x_position = -125; // [-150:1:50]

// adjument
Loop_y_position = 0; // [-20:1:20]

// to use (default : u)
Loop_character = "o";

// to use (default : Chewy)
Loop_font = "Chewy"; // [ Anton, Chewy, Forte, Gloria Hallelujah, Lobster, Luckiest Guy, Open Sans Extrabold, Oswald, Pacifico, Press Start 2P, Racing Sans One, Sigmar One, Snap ITC]

rotate([0,0,Rotation]) {

    linear_extrude(height = 3, $fn = 100) {
        translate ([-center-Loop_x_position,Loop_y_position,0]) rotate([0,0,-90])
        text(size = 20, text = Loop_character, font = Loop_font, halign = "center", valign= "center", $fn = 100);
    }

    for (i = [0 : len(Text) -1]) {
       linear_extrude(height = height[i], twist = twist, $fn = 100) {
            translate ([(spacing[i]*i)-center,0,0])
            text(size = 25, text = Text[i], font = Font_name, halign = "center", valign= "center", $fn = 100);
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric ring mail design in OpenSCAD. I'm thinking of something where you can specify the diameter of the individual rings, the number of rows, and the number of columns of rings.

The rings themselves should be interlinked. Specifically, each ring should be formed from a short cylindrical section with flattened sides, with additional flat bars creating interlinks with adjacent rings on all four sides. It would be good if those interlinking sections had a little offset such that the rings aren't flat but stagger in alternating rows.

I'm planning to use a custom library with helper functions (I'm calling it "Belfry SCAD Library"). So, could you write all of the code that isn't in that library, please? Here's what my Belfry Library includes in terms of modules:

*   `right(x)`: Translates the child object by `x` units along the positive x-axis.
*   `left(x)`: Translates the child object by `x` units along the negative x-axis.
*   `back(y)`: Translates the child object by `y` units along the positive y-axis.
*   `fwd(y)`: Translates the child object by `y` units along the negative y-axis.
*   `up(z)`: Translates the child object by `z` units along the positive z-axis.
*   `down(z)`: Translates the child object by `z` units along the negative z-axis.
*   `xrot(x)`: Rotates the child object by `x` degrees around the x-axis.
*   `yrot(y)`: Rotates the child object by `y` degrees around the y-axis.
*   `zrot(z)`: Rotates the child object by `z` degrees around the z-axis.
*   `xscale(x)`: Scales the child object by `x` along the x-axis.
*   `yscale(y)`: Scales the child object by `y` along the y-axis.
*   `zscale(z)`: Scales the child object by `z` along the z-axis.
*   `mirror_copy(v)`: Creates a mirrored copy of the child object along a plane defined by vector `v`.
*   `place_copies(a)`: Places copies of the child object at the coordinates in the array `a`.
*   `xrot_copies(rots)`: Creates copies rotated around the x-axis by the angles in the `rots` array.
*   `yrot_copies(rots)`: Creates copies rotated around the y-axis by the angles in the `rots` array.
*   `zrot_copies(rots)`: Creates copies rotated around the z-axis by the angles in the `rots` array.
*  `xspread(spacing=1, n=2)`: Spreads `n` copies of a child object along the x axis at given `spacing`.
* `yspread(spacing=1, n=2)`: Spreads `n` copies of a child object along the y axis at given `spacing`.
* `zspread(spacing=1, n=2)`: Spreads `n` copies of a child object along the z axis at given `spacing`.
* `spread(p1,p2,n=2)`: Spreads `n` copies of a child object between points `p1` and `p2`.
*   `xrot_spread(n=2, r=0)`: Creates `n` rotated copies around the x-axis, radius r from the center.
*   `yrot_spread(n=2, r=0)`: Creates `n` rotated copies around the y-axis, radius r from the center.
*   `zrot_spread(n=2, r=0)`: Creates `n` rotated copies around the z-axis, radius r from the center.

Let's start with the parametric design itself before doing anything to integrate it into a larger project. I think the ring link should be generated by a module called `ringmail_link(size)` where size is the ring diameter. Then, the overall array of links should be constructed with a module `staggered_mail(size, xcount, ycount)`, and the top level output should just call that module and the correct `ringmail_link` with the correct parameters. The top-level parameters should be called `link_size`, `ring_rows`, and `ring_cols`, which correspond to the `size`, `ycount`, and `xcount` parameters, respectively.

[Assistant]
RingMail.scad:
```
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Parametric Ring Mail

// Diameter of the individual rings.
link_size = 20;  // [10:100]

// Rows of rings to create.
ring_rows = 6;  // [1:100]

// Columns of rings to create.
ring_cols = 9;  // [1:100]

// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Belfry SCAD Library

module right(x) {translate([+x,0,0]) children();}
module left(x)  {translate([-x,0,0]) children();}
module back(y)  {translate([0,+y,0]) children();}
module fwd(y)   {translate([0,-y,0]) children();}
module up(z)    {translate([0,0,+z]) children();}
module down(z)  {translate([0,0,-z]) children();}

module xrot(x) {rotate([x,0,0]) children();}
module yrot(y) {rotate([0,y,0]) children();}
module zrot(z) {rotate([0,0,z]) children();}

module xscale(x) {scale([x,1,1]) children();}
module yscale(y) {scale([1,y,1]) children();}
module zscale(z) {scale([1,1,z]) children();}

module mirror_copy(v) {children(); mirror(v) children();}
module place_copies(a=[[0,0,0]]) {for (p = a) translate(p) children();}
module xrot_copies(rots=[0]) {for (r = rots) rotate([r, 0, 0]) children();}
module yrot_copies(rots=[0]) {for (r = rots) rotate([0, r, 0]) children();}
module zrot_copies(rots=[0]) {for (r = rots) rotate([0, 0, r]) children();}

module xspread(spacing=1,n=2) {off=spacing*(n-1)/2.0; for (x =[-off:spacing:off]) translate([x, 0, 0]) children();}
module yspread(spacing=1,n=2) {off=spacing*(n-1)/2.0; for (y =[-off:spacing:off]) translate([0, y, 0]) children();}
module zspread(spacing=1,n=2) {off=spacing*(n-1)/2.0; for (z =[-off:spacing:off]) translate([0, 0, z]) children();}
module spread(p1,p2,n=2) {d=(p2-p1)/(n-1); for (i=[0:n-1]) translate(p1+d*i) children();}

module xrot_spread(n=2,r=0) {d=360.0/n; for (a=[d:d:360]) rotate([a%360,0,0]) translate([0,r,0]) children();}
module yrot_spread(n=2,r=0) {d=360.0/n; for (a=[d:d:360]) rotate([0,a%360,0]) translate([r,0,0]) children();}
module zrot_spread(n=2,r=0) {d=360.0/n; for (a=[d:d:360]) rotate([0,0,a%360]) translate([r,0,0]) children();}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////

module ringmail_link(size)
{
	sides = 8;
	gap = 0.5;
	height = size/4;
	wall = size/8;
	sidelen = size*sin(360/sides/2);
	difference() {
		zrot(360/sides/2) cylinder(d=size/cos(360/sides/2), h=height, center=true, $fn=sides);
		zrot(360/sides/2) cylinder(d=size/cos(360/sides/2)-2*wall, h=height+1, center=true, $fn=sides);
		up(height/2) {
			cube(size=[size+1, sidelen, height+gap], center=true);
			yspread(sidelen) {
				scale([1, height/2, height/2+gap/2]) {
					xrot(45) cube(size=[size+1, sqrt(2), sqrt(2)], center=true);
				}
			}
		}
		down(height/2) {
			cube(size=[sidelen, size+1, height+gap], center=true);
			xspread(sidelen) {
				scale([height/4, 1, height/2+gap/2]) {
					yrot(45) cube(size=[sqrt(2), size+1, sqrt(2)], center=true);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

module staggered_mail(size, xcount=20, ycount=12) {
	spread = 1.05;
	xspread(size*spread, n=xcount) {
		yspread(size*spread, n=ycount) {
			children();
		}
	}
	back(size*spread/2) right(size*spread/2) {
		xspread(size*spread, n=xcount) {
			yspread(size*spread, n=ycount) {
				children();
			}
		}
	}
}

staggered_mail(link_size, ring_cols, ring_rows)
	ringmail_link(size=link_size);

// vim: noexpandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 nowrap

```