[User]
Hi, I'm looking to generate some parametric NATO/Picatinny rails in OpenSCAD, and I'd like the design to be flexible, allowing for a base and mounting holes. I've got some code that does this, but it's a bit monolithic. I'd like to see it as a more modular parametric design.

Specifically, I need the following parameters for the rail:

*   **Number of slots:** An integer specifying how many slots the rail should have.
*   **Base:** A boolean determining whether an extra base below the standard NATO profile should be included.
*   **Base height:**  If a base is included, this will set its height.
*  **Base width**: If a base is included, this sets the base width.
*   **Number of screw holes:** An integer defining how many mounting holes there should be.
*   **Screw hole diameter:** A nominal diameter for the screw holes.
*   **Screw hole diameter tolerance:** A tolerance value to be added to the nominal hole diameter.
*   **Distance between holes:** The center-to-center distance between mounting holes.
*   **Screw head diameter:** A nominal diameter for the screw heads.
*   **Screw head diameter tolerance:** A tolerance value to be added to the nominal screw head diameter.
*   **Screw head height:** The height of the screw head.
*   **Rail offset:** An offset to move the rail along its length, relative to the middle of the mounting holes.

The rail itself should follow the standard NATO/Picatinny profile, with chamfered edges on the slots. I'd like the ability to generate these rails both with and without the base, and I also need to be able to specify mounting holes that will be drilled through both the base and rail. The holes should be able to accommodate countersunk screws, meaning they should include both the main bore hole, as well as the cone-shaped depression to receive the screw head, with all diameters and depths being configurable via the parameters listed above.

I want the design to be easily modified and ideally using a structure that promotes reusability (e.g., via well-defined modules). I'm not particularly married to any library, but I'd expect you to use well-established techniques (for example, making use of `linear_extrude` to generate 3D shapes from 2D profiles).

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I'd prefer to have all the definitions in a single file, please. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Nato_Rail_V2.scad:
```
// Number of slots
nslots = 5;

// Does this have an extra base below the standard NATO profile?
hasbase = true;

// Height of extra base (if any)
hbase = 5;

// Width of extra base (if any)
wbase = 20;

// Number of screw holes
nholes = 2;

// Screw hole nominal diameter
dhole = 6;

// Screw hole diameter tolerance
dholetol = 0.2;

// Distance between holes
holedist = 30;

// Screw head nominal diameter
dhead = 12;

// Screw head tolerance
dheadtol = 0.2;

// Height of screw head
hhead = 4;

// Offset of rail against middle of holes (0 = symmetrical fore/aft)
railoffset = 5;

// Small  finite distance to ensure proper meshing
eps = 0.01;
deps = 2 * eps;

$fn = 64;

difference ()
{
    translate ([railoffset, 0, 0])
    nato_rail (nslots, hasbase, hbase);

    translate ([-holedist * (nholes - 1)/2, 0, 0])
    {
        for (i = [0:nholes - 1])
            translate ([i * holedist, 0, -hbase - eps])
            cylinder (d = dhole + dholetol, h = hbase + 5.87 + 3.53 + deps);

        for (i = [0:nholes - 1])
            translate ([i * holedist, 0, 5.87 - hhead])
            cylinder (d = dhead + dheadtol, h = hbase + hhead + 3.53 + deps);
    }
}

    module nato_rail (n, has_base, h0 = 5)
    {
        ws = 5.35;

        //h0 = 5;
        h1 = 3.53;
        h2 = 5.87;
        h3 = 3;

        w0 = 20;
        w1 = 15.6;

        l = 10 * (n + 1) - ws;

        translate ([0, 0, - h0])
        rotate ([90, 0, 90])
        translate ([0, 0, -l/2])
        rail(h0, h1, l, w0, w1);

        module rail(h0, h1, l, w0, w1)
        {
            difference ()
            {
                union ()
                {
                    railbase(h0, h1, l, w0, w1, has_base);
                    translate ([0, h0 + h1, 0])
                    railprism (l);
                };
                union ()
                {
                    for (i = [1:1:n]) {
                        translate ([0, h0 + h1, 10 * i - ws])
                        railslot(ws);
                    }
                };
            };
        };

        module railbase (h0, h1, l, w0, w1, has_base)
        {
            if (has_base)
            {
                translate ([0, h0 / 2, l/2])
                cube ([wbase, h0, l], center = true);

                if (wbase >= w1 + 2 * 1.5)
                {
                    mirror([1,0,0])
                    basefillet (h0, l, w1);

                    basefillet (h0, l, w1);
                }
            }
            translate ([0, h0 + h1 / 2, l/2])
            cube ([w1, h1, l], center = true);
        }

        module basefillet (h0, l, w1)
        {
        difference() {
                translate ([w1 / 2, h0, 0])
                cube ([1.5, 1.5, l]);
                translate ([w1 / 2 + 1.5, h0 + 1.5, l / 2])
                cylinder (l+1, 1.5, 1.5, $fn=64, center = true);
            }
        }

        module railprism (l)
        {
            linear_extrude (height = l, convexity = 10)
            polygon (points = [[7.8, 0], [10.6, 2.8], [10.6, 3.34], [8.07, 5.87], [-8.07, 5.87], [-10.6, 3.34], [-10.6, 2.8], [-7.8, 0]], convexity = 10);
        }

        module railslot (l)
        {
            linear_extrude (height = l, convexity = 10)
            polygon (points = [[11, 6], [11, 2.65], [10.4, 2.6], [10.4, 2.87], [-10.4, 2.87], [-10.4, 2.6], [-11, 2.65], [-11, 6]], convexity = 10);
        }

    }

```
Nato_Rail.scad:
```

nato_rail (1, true);

    module nato_rail (n, has_base)
    {
        ws = 5.35;

        h0 = 5;
        h1 = 3.53;
        h2 = 5.87;
        h3 = 3;

        w0 = 20;
        w1 = 15.6;

        l = 10 * (n + 1) - ws;

        translate ([0, 0, - h0])
        rotate ([90, 0, 90])
        translate ([0, 0, -l/2])
        rail(h0, h1, l, w0, w1);

        module rail(h0, h1, l, w0, w1)
        {
            difference ()
            {
                union ()
                {
                    railbase(h0, h1, l, w0, w1, has_base);
                    translate ([0, h0 + h1, 0])
                    railprism (l);
                };
                union ()
                {
                    for (i = [1:1:n]) {
                        translate ([0, h0 + h1, 10 * i - ws])
                        railslot(ws);
                    }
                };
            };
        };

        module railbase (h0, h1, l, w0, w1, has_base)
        {
            if (has_base) {
                translate ([0, h0 / 2, l/2])
                cube ([w0, h0, l], center = true);
                mirror([1,0,0])
                basefillet (h0, l, w1);
                basefillet (h0, l, w1);
            }
            translate ([0, h0 + h1 / 2, l/2])
            cube ([w1, h1, l], center = true);
        }

        module basefillet (h0, l, w1)
        {
        difference() {
                translate ([w1 / 2, h0, 0])
                cube ([1.5, 1.5, l]);
                translate ([w1 / 2 + 1.5, h0 + 1.5, l / 2])
                cylinder (l+1, 1.5, 1.5, $fn=64, center = true);
            }
        }

        module railprism (l)
        {
            linear_extrude (height = l, convexity = 10)
            polygon (points = [[7.8, 0], [10.6, 2.8], [10.6, 3.34], [8.07, 5.87], [-8.07, 5.87], [-10.6, 3.34], [-10.6, 2.8], [-7.8, 0]], convexity = 10);
        }

        module railslot (l)
        {
            linear_extrude (height = l, convexity = 10)
            polygon (points = [[11, 6], [11, 2.65], [10.4, 2.6], [10.4, 2.87], [-10.4, 2.87], [-10.4, 2.6], [-11, 2.65], [-11, 6]], convexity = 10);
        }

    }

```


[User]
Hey there, I'm looking to design a power cage mount, similar to the one I found on Thingiverse (thing:2194278), but I'd like to make it parametric so I can adjust it for different cage setups. I need it to be designed in OpenSCAD.

The mount should consist of a base plate that attaches to the cage, a connector piece for attaching accessories, and, optionally, bolts to hold the mount in place. I'm using a ForceUSA MyRack, so I know a few of the dimensions already: the bolt diameter I need is 14.25mm, and the bolt gap should be 35mm. The cage depth I need is 60mm, and the base plate should be 5mm thick.

The connector piece needs to have a rectangular base, with "teeth" on one side that extends out the back. The connector dimensions should be 19.15mm high, 15.15mm wide and 16.15mm long and the teeth should protrude from the base by the tooth's height, which should be 16.15mm/5=3.23mm. The connector will need a bolt hole going through it using a smaller diameter (5mm). This smaller bolt should also have a nut recess on the far side of the teeth (for a nut, same size of screw, i.e. 5mm). The connector piece needs to be orientable, either horizontally or vertically relative to the base plate; I need to be able to configure this. The connector also needs round edges, specifically it needs two rounded corners on either side of the teeth along the length of the teeth.

I'd like the final design to be flexible, so I need the following parameters:
*   `parts`: Which parts of the assembly to generate; this can be "mount" (base and connector), "bolt" (single bolt), or "combo" (mount and 2 bolts).
*   `baseThickness`: Thickness of the base plate.
*   `boltDiameter`: Diameter of the bolts that attach to the cage.
*   `boltGap`: Distance between the centers of the cage attachment bolts.
*   `cageDepth`: Depth of the cage upright.
*   `connectorOrientation`: Orientation of the connector piece (0 for horizontal, 90 for vertical).
*  `connectorHeight`: Height of the connector's base.
*  `connectorWidth`: Width of the connector's base.
*  `connectorLength`: Length of the connector's base.
*  `connectorBoltDiameter`: Diameter of the bolt hole on the connector piece.

I need the design to use the MCAD library, specifically `2Dshapes.scad` for the round corner part and `nuts_and_bolts.scad` for the nut and bolt generation.

[Assistant]
Power_cage_mount_v2.scad:
```
//// Libraries.
use <MCAD/2Dshapes.scad>;
use <MCAD/nuts_and_bolts.scad>;

//// Parameters.

parts = "combo"; // [mount:Mount, bolt:Single bolt, combo:Mount + 2 bolts]

baseThickness = 5;
boltDiameter = 14.25;
boltGap = 35;
cageDepth = 60;
connectorOrientation = 0; // [0:Horizontal, 90:Vertical]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 360;
fn = 36;

connectorHeight = 19.15;
connectorWidth = 15.15;
connectorLength = 16.15;
connectorBoltDiameter = 5;

//// Modules.

// Base.
module base() {
    // Width - Adjust based on connector orientation.
    _width = connectorOrientation == 0 || connectorOrientation == 180
        ? connectorWidth : connectorLength;

    // Base plate.
    translate([0, 0, baseThickness / 2])
    cube([_width, boltGap, baseThickness], true);

    // Nuts.
    for (i = [-1:2:1]) {
        translate([0, i * (boltGap + boltDiameter) / 2, baseThickness / 2])
        nut(boltDiameter + 1.5, baseThickness);
    }
}

// Bolt.
module bolt() {
    _threadLength = 10;
    _boltLength = cageDepth - _threadLength + baseThickness;
    _totalLength = _boltLength + _threadLength + 5;

    translate([0, _totalLength / 2, 5]) difference() {
        translate([0, -5, 0]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) union() {
            cylinder(_boltLength, d = boltDiameter);

            translate([0, 0, _boltLength + _threadLength / 2])
            threadedRod(boltDiameter, _threadLength);

            translate([0, 0, -5])
            cylinder(5, d = boltDiameter + 10, $fn = 6);
        }

        // Flatten bolt.
        for (i = [-1:2:1]) {
            translate([0, -_totalLength / 2, i * (boltDiameter / 4 + 5)])
            cube([boltDiameter + 5, _totalLength + 1, boltDiameter / 2], true);
        }
    }
}

// Connector.
module connector() {
    _rads = [connectorWidth / 2, connectorWidth / 2];
    _toothWidth = connectorLength / 5;

    rotate([0, 0, connectorOrientation])
    translate([0, 0, -_toothWidth])
    difference() {
        union() {

            // Base.
            translate([0, 0, _toothWidth / 2])
            cube([connectorWidth, connectorLength, _toothWidth], true);

            // Teeth.
            translate([0, _toothWidth / 2, connectorHeight / 2])
            for (i = [-1:1]) {
                translate([0, i * _toothWidth * 2, 0])
                rotate([90, 0, 0])
                linear_extrude(_toothWidth)
                complexRoundSquare(
                    [connectorWidth, connectorHeight],
                    rads3 = _rads,
                    rads4 = _rads
                );
            }

        }

        // Bolt hole.
        translate([0, connectorLength / 2, connectorHeight - connectorWidth / 2])
        rotate([90, 0, 0])
        linear_extrude(connectorLength)
        boltHole(connectorBoltDiameter, proj = 1);

        // Nut hole.
        translate([0, -connectorLength / 2 + 2.25, connectorHeight - connectorWidth / 2])
        scale([1.1, 1, 1.1])
        rotate([90, 0, 0])
        nutHole(connectorBoltDiameter);
    }
}

// Nut.
module nut(diameter, height) {
    difference() {
        cylinder (h = height, r = (diameter + 10) / 2, center = true, $fn = 6);
        threadedRod(diameter, height);
    }
}

// Threaded rod - Modified version copied from MCAD/hardware.scad.
module threadedRod(rodsize = 6, height = 20) {
    rodpitch = rodsize / 6;

	linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -360 * height / rodpitch, $fn = fn)
    translate([rodsize * 0.1 / 2, 0, 0])
    circle(r = rodsize * 0.9 / 2, $fn = fn);
}

//// Print.

// Base.
if (parts != "bolt") {
    translate([0, 0, baseThickness]) connector();

    base();
}

// Bolt(s).
if (parts != "mount") {
    _bolts = parts == "bolt" ? 1 : 2;

    for (i = [-1:2:_bolts - 1]) {
        translate([i * (boltDiameter + 15), 0, 0]) bolt();
    }
}

```


[User]
I need to design a funnel for pouring things into water bottles, and I'd like to make it parametric so I can easily adjust the dimensions later. I'm thinking of a basic funnel shape with a cylindrical nozzle at the bottom and a wider, conical section above it, with some fins for grip.

Here's a rough breakdown of the parameters I think I'll need:

*   **`nozzleOD`**: The outer diameter of the nozzle cylinder.
*   **`nozzleLength`**: The length of the nozzle cylinder.
*   **`funnelHeight`**: The height of the conical part of the funnel.
*   **`funnelDiameter`**: The diameter of the top of the conical funnel.
*   **`wallThickness`**: The thickness of the material used for the funnel.
*   **`finWidth`**: The width of each of the fins.

I want the funnel to have three fins evenly spaced around the conical section. They shouldn't go all the way to the bottom, though; leave a little space at the bottom so they don't touch the nozzle.

Can you generate an OpenSCAD file that implements this design with all of these as parameters? I'd like to be able to customize them easily using the Customizer.

[Assistant]
Bottle_Funnel.scad:
```
$fn=70;

nozzleOD = 19;
nozzleLength = 15;

funnelHeight = 35;
funnelDiameter = 50;

wallThickness = 2;

finWidth = 3;

difference(){
    positive();
    negative();
}
module positive(){
    cylinder(d=nozzleOD,h=nozzleLength + funnelHeight);
    cylinder(d1=funnelDiameter,d2=nozzleOD,h=funnelHeight);
    rotate([0,0,0]) fin();
    rotate([0,0,120]) fin();
    rotate([0,0,240]) fin();
}
module fin(){
    translate([0,-(finWidth/2),0]) cube([funnelDiameter/2-5,finWidth,funnelHeight-5]);
}
module negative(){
    cylinder(d=nozzleOD-(wallThickness*2),h=nozzleLength + funnelHeight);
    cylinder(d1=funnelDiameter-(wallThickness*2),d2=nozzleOD-(wallThickness*2),h=35);
}
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a toothpaste tube cap that has a smaller hole inside to control the amount of paste that comes out. I have a basic design concept but I'd like a parametric version that I can easily adjust.

The basic idea is a cylindrical cap with two main sections: an outer section that fits over the tube opening, and an inner section that forms the smaller dispensing hole. The outer section should have two concentric cylinders. The outer cylinder will define the main cap diameter and the inner cylinder will define the height and fit around the tube opening. The inner hole for dispensing the paste should be a cylinder and smaller in diameter and placed at the center of these main cylinders. I think it would be good if the main cap cylinder could have its diameter and height specified separately as well as the smaller dispensing cylinder's diameter and height. Also, let's allow for the two cap cylinders to be of different heights and diameters. I think I'd like to have a customizer to help parameterize.

To be more specific, could you make it so I can specify these parameters?:

*   **D_1:** Outer diameter of the main cap cylinder (the part that fits over the tube)
*   **D_OUT:** Inner diameter of the main cap cylinder (the part that fits around the tube opening)
*   **D_in:** Diameter of the smaller dispensing hole.
*   **H_1:** Height of the base cap cylinder (the bottommost section which fits over the tube)
*   **H_2:** Height of the secondary cap cylinder (the upper part which creates the cap walls)

The design should subtract the small dispensing hole cylinder from the two main cap cylinders and also subtract a slightly smaller cylinder to make the inner cap wall thinner. It should be a simple, functional design, and I'm not worried about aesthetics much. It might be useful to have a slight "lip" in the design to act as a guide for the opening of the tube.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD file for this? Thanks!

[Assistant]
toothpaste_economy.scad:
```
$fn=64;

//outer diameter of tube hole
D_1=10.7;

//inner diameter of tube hole
D_OUT=8.5;

//economic hole
D_in=3;

//height 1
H_1=0.4;

//height 2
H_2=4;

module econom(dout=8.5,din=3,h1=0.4,h2=4,dout2=10.7){
    difference(){
        union(){
            cylinder(d=dout2,h=h1);
            cylinder(d=dout,h=h2);
        }
        cylinder(d=din,h=h2+1);
        translate([0,0,h1*2])cylinder(d=dout-0.4*4,h=h2+1);
    }

}

//colgate
//econom(dout=8.5,din=3,h1=0.4,h2=4,dout2=10.7);

//lyolan
//translate([11,0,0])econom(dout=6.6,din=2,h1=0.4,h2=4,dout2=9.7);

econom(dout=D_OUT,din=D_in,h1=H_1,h2=H_2,dout2=D_1);
```


[User]
I need a design for handles to attach to a bicycle wheel for an angular momentum demonstration. I've got some specific parameters in mind, but I'd like it to be parametric so I can adjust it to different wheel sizes if needed.

The handle should consist of a cylindrical grip section with knurling for better handling, attached to a broader, guard section that will prevent hands from hitting the wheel spokes. This whole thing will be attached to the wheel with a bolt going through the center, secured with nuts. There should be a nut pocket on the underside.

Here are the parameters I'm thinking of:

*   **Nut:**
    *   `nutWidth`: The width of the nut (corner to corner). Let's start at 20mm.
    *   `nutThickness`: The thickness of the nut. Let's start at 7mm.
*   **Handle Grip:**
    *   `handleDiameter`: The diameter of the handle grip. I'm thinking 38.1mm.
    *   `handleLength`: The length of the handle grip. Let's try 95.25mm.
*   **Handle Guard:**
    *   `handleGuardDiameter`: The diameter of the guard. I'd like to start at 63.5mm.
    *   `handleGuardHeight`: The height of the guard at 20mm.
    *   `handleGuardFacetNum`: Number of facets for the guard to be smooth; let's make this 100.
*   **Knurling:**
    *   `KnurlNum`: Number of knurls around the handle, maybe 30.
    *   `KnurlDepth`: How deep the knurls are; let's go with 2mm.
    *   `KnurlWidth`: Width of the knurls, 1mm should work.
    *   `KnurlAngle`: Angle for the knurl, 100 degrees sounds good.
*   **Hole:**
    *   `holeDiameter`: Diameter of the hole for the bolt, about 9mm.

The file should check to see that the handle diameter is larger than the nut width and return an error message if it isn't. I think this could be done with one SCAD file. I would like to use the BOSL2 library for this. Could you create the SCAD file for me?

[Assistant]
angularMomentumDemo.scad:
```
/***********************************************************************
Name ......... : angularMomentumDemo.scad
Description....: Handles for an Angular Momentum Demo
Author ....... : Garrett Melenka
Version ...... : V1.0 2018/02/15
Licence ...... : GPL
***********************************************************************/

//Width of nut- measure corner to corner distance on nut
nutWidth = 20;
//Nut thickness- measure thickness of nut
nutThickness = 7.0;

//Diameter of Handle
handleDiameter = 38.1;
//Diameter of Handle Guard
handleGuardDiameter = 63.5;
//Handle Guard Facet Number
handleGuardFacetNum = 100;
//Height Handle
handleLength = 95.25;
//Height of Handle Guard;
handleGuardHeight = 20;
//Number of knurls
KnurlNum = 30;
//Depth of knurls
KnurlDepth = 2;
//Width of knurls
KnurlWidth = 1;
//Angle of knurling
KnurlAngle = 100;

holeDiameter = 9.0;

//********************************************************************************
//Customizable Handle
//********************************************************************************
module handle()
{

    if(handleDiameter> nutWidth)
    {
    difference(){
    union(){
    difference(){

        cylinder(r=handleDiameter*0.5, h=handleLength, center = true);

    //Knurling

    for (i = [1:1:KnurlNum])

    rotate([0,0,360*i/KnurlNum]){
    {

        linear_extrude(height = handleLength, center = true, twist = KnurlAngle){
            translate([handleDiameter*0.5, 0,0]){
        square(size = [KnurlDepth,KnurlWidth], center = true);
            }
        }

        linear_extrude(height = handleLength, center = true, twist = -KnurlAngle){
            translate([handleDiameter*0.5, 0,0]){
        square(size = [KnurlDepth,KnurlWidth], center = true);
            }
        }
    //cube(size = [2,2, handleLength], center = true);
    }
    }

}
translate([0,0,-handleLength*0.5+handleGuardHeight*0.5]){
        cylinder(r=handleGuardDiameter*0.5, h = handleGuardHeight, center=true, $fn=handleGuardFacetNum);
    }
}

    cylinder(r=holeDiameter*0.5, h=handleLength+1, center = true);

    translate([0,0,-(handleLength*0.5)+nutThickness*0.5]){
    cylinder(r= nutWidth*0.5, h = nutThickness, center = true, $fn=4);
    }
    }

}
    else
    {
        echo("Knob diameter is less than nut width");
    }
}

handle();
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric OpenSCAD model for generating rounded-corner, hollow, square walls, mostly for 3D printer calibration. I've got some specific ideas about the parameters I want to control.

Essentially, I want to be able to specify:

*   **`size`**: The overall length of the square (side to side), in mm.
*   **`height`**: The height of the wall, in mm.
*   **`thickness`**: The thickness of the wall, in mm.
*   **`roundness`**: The radius of the rounded corners, in mm. I understand that the `roundness` can't be more than half the `size`.

I'd like the model to produce a single, hollow square wall, where the inner and outer edges have these rounded corners. So basically a square ring with rounded corners. I also want to use `$fs` for the roundness as that is a way to ensure a smooth rounding.

I'm not using any specific libraries for this, it's all pretty basic OpenSCAD stuff. I've already got my head around how to do it, I just don't have the time to fully create this from scratch. I'm hoping you can turn this into a working SCAD file.

[Assistant]
roundedWallV3.scad:
```
// Everything is in mm.
size = 30;
height = 10;
thickness = .5;
roundness = 5;
$fs = 0.01;
// Create a square with round edges,
// rounding may not exceed one half size.
module round_square(size_, round_) {
  half_round = round_ / 2;
  centering = (-(size_ - (round_ * 2)) / 2);
  // Centering.
  translate([centering, centering]) {
    // Rounding step.
    minkowski() {
      circle(round_, center = true);
      // Compensate for the rounding, and draw the square.
      adjusted_size = size_ - (round_ * 2);
      square([adjusted_size, adjusted_size]);
    }
  }
}

// Extrude the round wall.
linear_extrude(height) {
  difference() {
    // Create a outline of the round shape.
    round_square(size, roundness);
    // One third of thickness is used as a fudge value, to hopefully
    // make the width of the wall more consistant
    offset(-thickness){
      round_square(size, roundness);
    }
  }
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm trying to design a tatting shuttle in OpenSCAD, and I'm having some trouble getting the shape right. I've been experimenting with some basic shapes, but I think it really needs some smooth curves. I've seen some other designs that use splines, so I'd like to try that.

Here are the main features I need:

*   **Overall Shape:** The shuttle body should be a smooth, elongated shape, kind of like a slightly flattened oval with pointed ends.
*   **Parametric Dimensions:** I need to be able to control the following:
    *   `shuttle_width`: The width of the shuttle body.
    *   `shuttle_length`: The length of the shuttle body (excluding the hook).
    *   `shuttle_height`: The height of the shuttle body.
    *   `shuttle_wall_thickness`: The wall thickness of the hollow shuttle.
    *   `central_shaft_percent`: The diameter of a central shaft as a percentage of the shuttle width, and also the diameter of the central shaft, if any, should be hollowed out by `central_shaft_bore_diameter`.
*   **Hook:** The shuttle may, or may not, have a hook at one end. The presence or absence of which is controlled by `shuttle_has_hook`.
    *   `shuttle_hook_length`: The length of the hook.
    *   `shuttle_hook_out`: The curve/outward bend of the hook.
    *   `shuttle_hook_base_percent`: The base thickness of the hook as a percentage of the shuttle width.
*   **Printing:** For printing purposes, I need an option to position two halves of the shuttle side-by-side. This is controlled by a Boolean `side_by_side_halves` variable.

I'm planning on using the "Splines for OpenSCAD" library from Thingiverse (https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1468725) to generate the curved body, as that seemed to work pretty well for others. I won't need that to be built, but please use that specific library and be sure to name it correctly. I think that's everything. Can you help me create an OpenSCAD file for this?

[Assistant]
shuttle-libraries-expanded.scad:
```
/* [Dimensions] */

// Width of Shuttle (mm, 1in = 25mm)
shuttle_width = 20; // [10:50]

// Length of Shuttle, excluding Hook (mm, 1in = 25mm)
shuttle_length = 70; // [30:300]

// Height of Shuttle (mm, 1in = 25mm)
shuttle_height = 10; // [5:40]

// Wall Thickness of Shuttle Body (mm)
shuttle_wall_thickness = 1; // [1:0.1:10]

// Diameter of Central Shaft, as Percent of Shuttle Width
central_shaft_percent = 50; // [20:100]

// Diameter of Hole in Central Shaft
central_shaft_bore_diameter = 3; // [0:10]

/* [Hook] */
// Print a Hook?
shuttle_has_hook = true;

// Length of Hook (mm)
shuttle_hook_length = 10; // [5:30]

// Curve out of Hook (mm)
shuttle_hook_out = 4; // [0:10]

// Thickness of Hook at Base (percent)
shuttle_hook_base_percent = 15; // [10:30]

/* [Print Layout] */

// Position Upper and Lower Half Side by Side for Print?
side_by_side_halves = false;

/* [Hidden] */

EPSILON = 0.001;

/* BEGIN External Libraries */

/*
    Splines for OpenSCAD by teejaydub
    https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1468725
*/

// use <lib/splines.scad>;

/* Catmull-Rom splines.
  An easy way to model smooth curve that follows a set of points.
  Do "use <tjw-scad/spline.scad>", probably works better than "include".
  Read the module comments below; basic usage is to pass an array of 2D points,
  and specify how many levels of subdivisions you want (more is smoother,
  and each level doubles the number of points) and whether you want a closed loop
  or an open-ended path.

  Issues:
    Many of my models using 'noodles' won't final-render due to internal OpenSCAD issues.
      particularly with Boolean operations.
    Udon example has rough elbows
      do we need to use quaternion interpolation? but there are inherent orientation issues in the example...
      Specifying orientation per-path-vertex may be the only complete solution.

  To do:
    make the cross-section a parameter
      and it could be made from a spline
      and it could interpolate (loft) between several splines, twist, scale
        mustache
    make a version that passes the diameter along with the vector of points
      interpolate it with the same function as for the points
    spline surface
    Consider whether the iterative refinement is appropriate
      Is control over "ease" or "tightening" around control points feasible/desirable?

  Spline implementation based on Kit Wallace's smoothing, from:
  http://kitwallace.tumblr.com/post/84772141699/smooth-knots-from-coordinates
  which was in turn from Oskar's notes at:
  http://forum.openscad.org/smooth-3-D-curves-td7766.html
  See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spline_interpolation,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_Hermite_spline,
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline - but didn't implement from those.
*/

// ================================================================================
// Spline functions - mostly convenience calls to lower-level primitives.

// Makes a 2D shape that interpolates between the points on the given path,
// with the given width, in the X-Y plane.
module spline_ribbon(path, width=1, subdivisions=4, loop=false)
{
  ribbon(smooth(path, subdivisions, loop), width, loop);
}

// Extrudes a spline ribbon to the given Z height.
module spline_wall(path, width=1, height=1, subdivisions=4, loop=false)
{
  wall(smooth(path, subdivisions, loop), width, height, loop);
}

// Extrudes a spline as a ramen noodle with the given diameter.
module spline_ramen(path, diameter=1, circle_steps=12, subdivisions=4, loop=false)
{
  ramen(smooth(path, subdivisions, loop), diameter, circle_steps, loop);
}

// Extrudes a spline as an udon noodle with the given diameter.
module spline_udon(path, width=1, height=0, subdivisions=4, loop=false)
{
  udon(smooth(path, subdivisions, loop), width, height, loop);
}

// Like spline_ramen, but instead of cutting off the noodle with a knife,
// end caps are added so that it's like a sausage (to fit the food theme).
module spline_sausage(path, diameter=1, circle_steps=12, subdivisions=4)
{
  union() {
    translate(path[0])
      sphere(d=diameter, center=true, $fn=circle_steps);
    ramen(smooth(path, subdivisions, loop), diameter, circle_steps);
    translate(path[len(path) - 1])
      sphere(d=diameter, center=true, $fn=circle_steps);
  }
}

// Like spline_ramen, but makes a hollow tube.
// If inner_diameter isn't specified, it's 80% of the outer_diameter.
module spline_hose(path, inner_diameter=0, outer_diameter=1, circle_steps=12, subdivisions=4)
{
  id = inner_diameter == 0? outer_diameter * 0.8 : inner_diameter;

  // Make a second path with extra end points, so the inner path sticks out farther.
  path_plus = concat([project(path[1], path[0], path[0])],
    path,
    [project(path[len(path) - 2], path[len(path) - 1], path[len(path) - 1])]);

  difference() {
    spline_ramen(path, outer_diameter, circle_steps, subdivisions);
    spline_ramen(path_plus, id, circle_steps, subdivisions);
  }
}

// Makes a lathed 3D shape whose contour matches path, as 2D points.
// Think of it like shaping the outside of a ball of clay on a potter's wheel.
// Automatically connects the first and last points to the Y axis (X=0).
// Set $fn to the number of steps you want in the lathed extrusion.
module spline_lathe(path, subdivisions=4)
{
  rotate_extrude()
    polygon(concat(
      [[0, path[0][1]]],
      smooth(path, subdivisions),
      [[0, path[len(path) - 1][1]]])
    );
}

// Makes a lathed 3D shape whose inner edge follows the given path, as 2D points.
// Think of it like making a pot on a potter's wheel, where you want a defined wall thickness
// and you want the pot to follow a given contour.
// 'width' is the width of the "wall of the pot".
// Increase 'subdivisions' (slowly) to get more detail.
// Set 'preview' to show the 2D shape on the X-Y plane, along with inner_targets.
// (Nice if you're trying to fit your shape to measurements of an existing object.)
// Assumes the path is not a loop.
// Set $fn to the number of steps you want in the lathed extrusion.
module spline_pot(path, width=1, subdivisions=4, preview=0, inner_targets=[])
{
  if (preview) {
    color("red")
      showMarkers(inner_targets);
    color("blue")
      translate([width/2, 0, 0])
        spline_ribbon(path, width, subdivisions);
  } else {
    rotate_extrude()
      translate([width/2, 0, 0])
        spline_ribbon(path, width, subdivisions);
   }
}

// ================================================================================
// Rendering paths and loops

// Makes a 2D shape that connects a series of 2D points on the X-Y plane,
// with the given width.
// If loop is true, connects the ends together.
// If you output this as is, OpenSCAD appears to extrude it linearly by 1 unit,
// centered on Z=0.
module ribbon(path, width=1, loop=false)
{
  union() {
    for (i = [0 : len(path) - (loop? 1 : 2)]) {
      hull() {
        translate(path[i])
          circle(d=width);
        translate(path[(i + 1) % len(path)])
          circle(d=width);
      }
    }
  }
}

// Extrudes a ribbon to the given height.
module wall(path, width=1, height=1, loop=false)
{
  linear_extrude(height)
    ribbon(path, width, loop);
}

// Like a wall, but extrudes the given cross-section instead of linearly extruding upward.
// Accepts 3D points in path.
// cross_section must be 3D points, and assumes its points are all Z=0 and progress clockwise.
module noodle(path, cross_section, loop=false)
{
  if (loop) {
    np = loop_extrusion_points(path, cross_section);
    nf = loop_extrusion_faces(len(path), len(cross_section));
    polyhedron(points = np, faces = nf);
  } else {
    np = path_extrusion_points(path, cross_section);
    nf = path_extrusion_faces(len(path), len(cross_section));
    polyhedron(points = np, faces = nf);
  }
}

// Makes a noodle that has a circular cross-section.
module ramen(path, diameter=1, circle_steps=12, loop=false)
{
  noodle(path, circle_points(diameter/2, circle_steps), loop=loop);
}

// Makes a noodle that has a rectangular cross-section.
// The default height is the same as the width.
module udon(path, width=1, height=0, loop=false)
{
  h = (height > 0? height : width) / 2;
  w = width / 2;
  cross_section = [[-h, -w, 0], [-h, w, 0], [h, w, 0], [h, -w, 0]];
  noodle(path, cross_section, loop=loop);
}

// ==================================================================
// Interpolation and path smoothing

// Takes a path of points (any dimensionality),
// and inserts additional points between the points to smooth it.
// Repeats that n times, and returns the result.
// If loop is true, connects the end of the path to the beginning.
function smooth(path, n, loop=false) =
  n == 0
    ? path
    : loop
      ? smooth(subdivide_loop(path), n-1, true)
      : smooth(subdivide(path), n-1, false);

// Takes an open-ended path of points (any dimensionality),
// and subdivides the interval between each pair of points from i to the end.
// Returns the new path.
function subdivide(path) =
  let(n = len(path))
  flatten(concat([for (i = [0 : 1 : n-1])
    i < n-1?
      // Emit the current point and the one halfway between current and next.
      [path[i], interpolateOpen(path, n, i)]
    :
      // We're at the end, so just emit the last point.
      [path[i]]
  ]));

// Takes a closed loop points (any dimensionality),
// and subdivides the interval between each pair of points from i to the end.
// Returns the new path.
function subdivide_loop(path, i=0) =
  let(n = len(path))
  flatten(concat([for (i = [0 : 1 : n-1])
    [path[i], interpolateClosed(path, n, i)]
  ]));

weight = [-1, 8, 8, -1] / 14;
weight0 = [6, 11, -1] / 16;
weight2 = [1, 1] / 2;

// Interpolate on an open-ended path, with discontinuity at start and end.
// Returns a point between points i and i+1, weighted.
function interpolateOpen(path, n, i) =
  i == 0?
    n == 2?
      path[i]     * weight2[0] +
      path[i + 1] * weight2[1]
    :
      path[i]     * weight0[0] +
      path[i + 1] * weight0[1] +
      path[i + 2] * weight0[2]
  : i < n - 2?
    path[i - 1] * weight[0] +
    path[i]     * weight[1] +
    path[i + 1] * weight[2] +
    path[i + 2] * weight[3]
  : i < n - 1?
    path[i - 1] * weight0[2] +
    path[i]     * weight0[1] +
    path[i + 1] * weight0[0]
  :
    path[i];

// Use this to interpolate for a closed loop.
function interpolateClosed(path, n, i) =
  path[(i + n - 1) % n] * weight[0] +
  path[i]               * weight[1] +
  path[(i + 1) % n]     * weight[2] +
  path[(i + 2) % n]     * weight[3] ;

// ==================================================================
// Modeling a noodle: extrusion tools.
// Mostly from Kris Wallace's knot_functions, modified to remove globals
// and to allow for non-looped paths.

// Given a three-dimensional array of points (or a list of lists of points),
// return a single-dimensional vector with all the data.
function flatten(list) = [ for (i = list, v = i) v ];

function m_translate(v) = [ [1, 0, 0, 0],
                            [0, 1, 0, 0],
                            [0, 0, 1, 0],
                            [v.x, v.y, v.z, 1  ] ];

function m_rotate(v) =  [ [1,  0,         0,        0],
                          [0,  cos(v.x),  sin(v.x), 0],
                          [0, -sin(v.x),  cos(v.x), 0],
                          [0,  0,         0,        1] ]
                      * [ [ cos(v.y), 0,  -sin(v.y), 0],
                          [0,         1,  0,        0],
                          [ sin(v.y), 0,  cos(v.y), 0],
                          [0,         0,  0,        1] ]
                      * [ [ cos(v.z),  sin(v.z), 0, 0],
                          [-sin(v.z),  cos(v.z), 0, 0],
                          [ 0,         0,        1, 0],
                          [ 0,         0,        0, 1] ];

function vec3(v) = [v.x, v.y, v.z];
function transform(v, m) = vec3([v.x, v.y, v.z, 1] * m);

// Given a 3D vector v, return a vector that points in the same direction,
// but whose length is 1.
function normalize(v) =
  let (length = sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]))
  [v[0] / length, v[1] / length, v[2] / length];

// Given a vector of 3D points, apply the given affine transformation matrix.
// Return the transformed points.
function transform_points(points, matrix) =
  [for (p = points) transform(p, matrix)];

// Return a 3D transformation matrix to transform a set of points centered at the origin
// with normal in +Z to the given center and normal vector.
function orient_to(centre, normal) =
  m_rotate([0, atan2(sqrt(pow(normal.x, 2) + pow(normal.y, 2)), normal.z), 0])
  * m_rotate([0, 0, atan2(normal[1], normal[0])])
  * m_translate(centre);

// Returns a normal vector for a face centered at p,
// if you want the face's edge to point halfway between a and b.
// Returns a sane value if two of the points are equal.
function halfway_normal(prev, p, next) =
  let (prev_norm = normalize(p - prev),
    next_norm = normalize(next - p))
  prev == p?
    next_norm
  : next == p?
    prev_norm
  :
    (next_norm + prev_norm) / 2;

// Take the 3D vector from a -> b, and return point p projected in that direction one unit.
function project(a, b, p) =
  p + normalize(b - a);

// Returns the 3D points lying on a circle with radius r, on the X-Y plane,
// taking the given number of steps around the circumference.
function circle_points(r = 1, steps=12) =
  let (step = 360/steps)
    [for (a = [0 : 360/steps : 360 - 360/steps])
      [r * sin(a), r * cos(a), 0]
    ];

// Return a list of points used to make an extruded loop.
// loop - the 3D points that make up the loop to extrude along.
// cross_section - the 3D points that make up the loop to use as the cross-section.
function loop_extrusion_points(loop, cross_section) =
  let (n = len(loop))
    flatten([for (i = [0 : 1 : n - 1])
      let (prev_pt = loop[(i + n - 1) % n],
        this_pt = loop[i],
        next_pt = loop[(i + 1) % n]
      )
        transform_points(cross_section,
          orient_to(loop[i], halfway_normal(prev_pt, loop[i], next_pt)))
    ]);

// Return a list of indices that make up one segment's worth of faces
// in an extruded loop.
function loop_extrusion_segment_faces(segs, sides, s) =
  [for (i = [0 : sides-1])
    [s * sides + i,
      s * sides + (i + 1) % sides,
      ((s + 1) % segs) * sides + (i + 1) % sides,
      ((s + 1) % segs) * sides + i
    ]
  ];

// Return a list of all the faces in an entire extruded loop.
// segs - number of segments in the extrusion loop.
// cross_section_len - number of points in the cross_section loop.
function loop_extrusion_faces(segs, cross_section_len) =
  flatten([for (s = [0 : segs-1])
    loop_extrusion_segment_faces(segs, cross_section_len, s)
  ]);

// Return a list of points used to make an extruded open-ended path.
// path - the 3D points that make up the path to extrude along.
// cross_section - the 3D points that make up the loop to use as the cross-section.
function path_extrusion_points(loop, cross_section) =
  let (n = len(loop))
    flatten([for (i = [0 : 1 : n - 1])
      let (prev_pt = loop[max(0, i - 1)],
        this_pt = loop[i],
        next_pt = loop[min(n - 1, i + 1)]
      )
        transform_points(cross_section,
          orient_to(loop[i], halfway_normal(prev_pt, loop[i], next_pt)))
    ]);

// Return a list of all the faces in an extruded open-ended path.
// segs - number of segments in the extrusion path.
// cross_section_len - number of points in the cross_section loop.
function path_extrusion_faces(segs, cross_section_len) =
  flatten(concat([[[for (i = [cross_section_len-1 : -1 : 0]) i]]],
    [for (s = [0 : segs-2])
      loop_extrusion_segment_faces(segs, cross_section_len, s)],
    [[[for (i = [0 : cross_section_len-1]) (segs-1) * cross_section_len + i]]])
  );

// ==================================================================
// Debugging tools

MARKER_D = 1;
MARKER_R = MARKER_D / 2;

// Shows a list of points as dots on the X-Y plane.
// Places the dots' right edges (+X) at the exact point.
// Probably not useful for modeling, but nice for debugging paths.
module showMarkers(points) {
  for (i = [0 : len(points) - 1]) {
    // Make the markers' right edge coincide
    translate([points[i][0] - MARKER_R, points[i][1], 0]) {
      rotate(30)
        circle(MARKER_R);
      translate([-1, -3, 0]) scale(0.2) text(str(i));
    }
  }
}

/* END External Libraries */

$fn = 24;
central_shaft_diameter = shuttle_width * central_shaft_percent / 100;

shuttle_side_profile = [[-1, 0], [-0.8, 0.2], [-0.5, 0.7], [0, 1], [0.5, 0.7], [0.8, 0.2], [1, 0]];
shuttle_top_profile = [[-1, 0], [-0.8, 0.3], [0, 1], [0.8, 0.3], [1, 0], [0.8, -0.3], [0, -1], [-0.8, -0.3]];

hooked_side_profile = [[-1, 0], [-0.8, 0.2], [-0.5, 0.7], [0, 1], [0.5, 0.7], [0.8, 0.2], [1, 0], [1.2, shuttle_hook_out / (shuttle_height/2)]];
hooked_top_profile = [[-1, 0], [-0.8, 0.3], [0, 1], [0.8, 0.3], [1, (shuttle_hook_base_percent/100)], [1 + shuttle_hook_length / (shuttle_length/2), 0], [1, -(shuttle_hook_base_percent/100)], [0.8, -0.3], [0, -1], [-0.8, -0.3]];

module shuttle_body(hook=false) {
    // Shuttle body

    shuttle_side_profile = hook ? hooked_side_profile : shuttle_side_profile;
    shuttle_top_profile = hook ? hooked_top_profile : shuttle_top_profile;

    scaled_side_profile = [for (p = shuttle_side_profile) [p[0] * shuttle_length / 2, p[1] * shuttle_height / 2]];

    scaled_top_profile = smooth([for (p = shuttle_top_profile) [p[0] * shuttle_length / 2, p[1] * shuttle_width / 2]], 5, loop=true);

    difference() {
        intersection() {
            rotate([90, 0, 0])
                translate([0, shuttle_wall_thickness / 2, -shuttle_width / 2 - EPSILON])
                    linear_extrude(height=shuttle_width + EPSILON * 2)
                        spline_ribbon(scaled_side_profile, shuttle_wall_thickness);

            linear_extrude(height=shuttle_height + 2 * EPSILON)
                polygon(scaled_top_profile);
        }

        // Cut tips to allow thread in
        union() {
            max_dim = max(shuttle_length, shuttle_height, shuttle_width);
            max_side = sqrt(pow(max_dim,2) * 2);
            if (!hook) {
                translate([max_dim/2 - shuttle_wall_thickness, -max_side/2, 0])
                    rotate([0, 45, 0])
                        cube(max_side);
            }
            mirror([1, 0, 0])
                translate([max_dim/2 - shuttle_wall_thickness, -max_side/2, 0])
                    rotate([0, 45, 0])
                        cube(max_side);
        }
    }
}

module central_shaft() {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=central_shaft_diameter/2, h=shuttle_height/2);
        rotate([90, 0, 0])
            translate([0, 0, -central_shaft_diameter/2-EPSILON])
                cylinder(h=central_shaft_diameter + EPSILON * 2, r=central_shaft_bore_diameter/2);
    }
}

if (side_by_side_halves) {
    translate([0, -shuttle_width, 0])
        union() {
            shuttle_body(shuttle_has_hook);
            central_shaft();
        }

    translate([0, shuttle_width, 0])
        union() {
            shuttle_body(false);
            central_shaft();
        }
} else {
    union() {
        shuttle_body(shuttle_has_hook);
        central_shaft();
    }

    mirror([0, 0, 1])
        union() {
            shuttle_body(false);
            central_shaft();
        }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric bracket for mounting a NEMA 17 stepper motor and a Titan extruder to an aluminum extrusion, like what you'd find on a 3D printer. I want to be able to customize the bracket's dimensions, hole placements, and material thickness, and have it generate an OpenSCAD file that I can then adjust further.

Here's what I'm thinking:

**Stepper Motor Mounting:**

*   I need to be able to specify the base plate dimensions (x, y, and z) of the stepper motor I'm using.
*   There should be a circular bore for the stepper motor shaft. I should be able to set its diameter.
*   I also need to define a rectangular pattern for the stepper motor mounting screws, specifying the rectangle's x and y dimensions.
*   And, obviously, the diameter of the screw holes.
*   I want to add a configurable 'slice' thickness, to build up a grid on the base and add reinforcement around the screw holes.
*   There should be an option for the confinement support, which adds additional height for rigidity. This would be a height that I could also specify.

**Extruder Attachment:**

*   There's also the extruder side. For this project it's a Titan extruder, but I also want to make this parametric, so I can use it later for other extruders. So, I'll need to specify the x and y dimensions for the profile attachment bracket.
*   I also need a way to define the screw hole rectangle for mounting to the profile, and the diameter of these holes.
*   I want to include the option for a screw hole width, so that I can use slightly oversized holes for adjustment if needed.
*   And there needs to be an option to flip the orientation of the screw hole slot, so that the adjustment can be in either direction.
*   I'd like rounded edges on this side, so I can define the radius.

**General Parameters:**

*   A general material thickness that can be set for the bracket.
*   A general resolution setting for the final render.

**Specific Functionality:**

*   I want an auto-fit height option for the stepper motor section, where it will automatically match the height of the profile attachment bracket, otherwise this needs to be manually specifiable, with an offset parameter. This would be useful for rotating the mounting.
*   I'd also like to add configurable "slices" to the stepper motor screw holes, which adds a cylinder on top of the main bracket to improve stability when screwing in the screws. The slices should have a diameter and height that I can specify, and a radius. And it should be possible to choose whether the slices are applied to all screw holes, or just some of them.

Essentially, I'm looking for a flexible design that I can easily adapt to different stepper motors, extruders, and aluminum profiles. I would expect this to be a single .scad file. I don't think that I need to include any specific libraries.

[Assistant]
Tevo_Titan_Bracket_v1.2.scad:
```
// in mm, [x,y,z] dimensions of the stepper motor base plate (note: add some x clearance)
stepper_dimensions = [42.5,42,40];

// boolean, auto fit height to match attachment bracket
stepper_autofit_height_p = "yes"; // [yes,no]
//stepper_autofit_height_p = "no"; // preset: rotated mount

// in mm, diameter
stepper_bore = 24; // [0:50]

// in mm, screw hole rectangle [x,y] (centered on base plate)
stepper_screw_rectangle = [31,31];

// in mm, screw hole diameter
stepper_screw_diameter = 3.4; // [0:15]

// in mm, affects heigt of grid and screw hole reinforcement (width via thickness)
stepper_slice_thickness = 1; // [0:5]

// in mm, adds additional rigidness, 0 for none
stepper_confinement_support_height = 17; // [0:50]

// in mm, slightly thinner in original version, set to 0 (auto thickness) for simpler print (default)
//stepper_confinement_top_thickness = 0; // could be added, but only makes it less stabale and harder to print

// in mm, move stepper up on the attachment plate
stepper_to_bracket_x_offset = 0; // [0:50]
//stepper_to_bracket_x_offset = 36; // preset: rotated mount (titan roughly 25mm thick + 11mm screw hole clearance)

// slice vector, add slice to screw hole at position [0,x,y,x/y] (0: disabled, 1: enabled)
extruder_screw_hole_slices = [0,1,1,0];

// in mm, diameter of the screw hole slice
extruder_screw_hole_slice_diameter = 6.5; // [0:15]

// in mm, thickness (height) of the screw hole slice
extruder_screw_hole_slice_thickness = 1; // [0:5]

// in mm, 0 for sharp edges, auto limited to screw hole slice thickness / 2
extruder_screw_hole_slice_radius = 0.5; // [0:2]

// in mm, [x,y] dimensions of the profile attachment bracket
attachment_dimensions = [40, 70];
//attachment_dimensions = [90, 40]; // preset: rotated mount

// in mm, screw hole rectangle [x,y] (centered on profile attachment)
attachment_screw_rectangle = [16.8, 59.8];
//attachment_screw_rectangle = [80, 16.8]; // preset: rotated mount

// in mm, screw hole diameter
attachment_screw_diameter = 3.9; // [0:15]

// in mm, screw hole width (optional stretch, only effective if > screw diameter)
attachment_screw_hole_width = 7; // [0:20]

// boolean, flip screw hole orientation (if hole width > diameter)
attachment_screw_hole_flip_p = "no"; // [yes,no]
//attachment_screw_hole_flip_p = "yes"; // preset: rotated mount

// in mm, 0 for sharp edges
attachment_edge_radius = 3; // [0:5]

// in mm, general material thickness
thickness = 2; // [1:5]

// Surface detail level
resolution = 50; // [30:Draft, 50:Normal, 80:Smooth]

/* == Draw Stuff ========================================================= */
// map yes/no strings to boolean
stepper_autofit_height = stepper_autofit_height_p == "yes";
attachment_screw_hole_flip = attachment_screw_hole_flip_p == "yes";

// render
StepperBracket($fn=resolution);

// dummy titan extruder
*color("Orange") {
    clearance=0.25;
    dim=[25,46.5,43.5];
    translate([-dim.x-clearance, -dim.y/2, thickness+clearance]) cube(dim);
    h=4; d=33.7;
    translate([-h-5, dim.z/2-6.5,36]) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(d=d, h=h, $fn=resolution);
}
// dummy stepper motor
*color("OrangeRed") {
    clearance=0.5;
    dim=[stepper_dimensions.z,stepper_dimensions.x,stepper_dimensions.y] - [0,clearance,0];
    translate([thickness+stepper_slice_thickness+clearance, -dim.y/2, thickness+clearance]) {
        cube(dim);
        h=22; d=5;
        translate([-h,dim.y/2,dim.z/2])
            rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(d=d, h=h, $fn=resolution);
    }
}

/* == Stepper Bracket ==================================================== */
// complete stepper bracket
module StepperBracket() {
    stepper_confinement_height = stepper_autofit_height
                                 ? attachment_dimensions[0]-stepper_to_bracket_x_offset
                                 : stepper_dimensions[2];
    module StepperConfinement(h) {
        rotate([0,-90,0]) // up
            linear_extrude(thickness) // 3d
                polygon([[0,0],[0,stepper_dimensions[1]], [thickness,stepper_dimensions[1]],
                        [h, 0]]);
    }
    module StepperConfinementSlice() {
        w = (attachment_dimensions[1]-stepper_dimensions[0])/2 - thickness;
        h = stepper_confinement_support_height;
        if (w > 0) { // only draw if needed (attachment plate large enough)
            translate([thickness/2,0,thickness]) rotate([0,-90,0])
                linear_extrude(thickness) polygon([[0,0],[0,w], [h,w]]);
        }
    }
    module StepperMount() {
        rotate([90,0,90]) union() {
            translate ([0,stepper_dimensions[1]/2,0])
                StepperPlate(plate=[stepper_dimensions[0],stepper_dimensions[1],thickness],
                             screws=stepper_screw_rectangle, screw_d=stepper_screw_diameter,
                             bore=stepper_bore, step_slice_t=stepper_slice_thickness,
                             ex_slices_v=extruder_screw_hole_slices,
                             ex_slice_d=extruder_screw_hole_slice_diameter,
                             ex_slice_t=extruder_screw_hole_slice_thickness, t=thickness);
            translate([stepper_dimensions[0]/2+thickness,0])
                StepperConfinement(stepper_confinement_height);
            translate([-stepper_dimensions[0]/2,0])
                StepperConfinement(stepper_confinement_height);
        }
    }
    union() {
        // attachment bracket
        attachment_plate = [attachment_dimensions[0],attachment_dimensions[1],thickness];
        attachment_plate_trans = [attachment_dimensions[0]/2-stepper_to_bracket_x_offset,0,0];
        translate(attachment_plate_trans) // y to zero
            AttachmentPlate(plate=attachment_plate,
                            screws=attachment_screw_rectangle, screw_d=attachment_screw_diameter,
                            screw_w=attachment_screw_hole_width, screw_flip=attachment_screw_hole_flip,
                            edge_r=attachment_edge_radius);
        // stepper confinement
        translate([stepper_confinement_height/2,-attachment_dimensions[1]/2,0]) {
            StepperConfinementSlice();
            translate([0,attachment_dimensions[1],0]) mirror([0,1,0]) StepperConfinementSlice();
        }
        // stepper confinement back plate (optional extension if stepper is heighre than attachment bracket)
        difference() {
            translate([stepper_confinement_height,-stepper_dimensions[0]/2-thickness,0])
                rotate([0,0,90])
                    cube([stepper_dimensions[0]+2*thickness,stepper_confinement_height,thickness], center=false);
            // dummy attachment plate (prevent screw hole cover up)
            translate(attachment_plate_trans + [0,0,thickness/2]) cube(attachment_plate, center=true);
        }
        // stepper mount
        // FIXME magic number needed to avoid manifold warning (potential rounding issue?)
        translate([0,0,thickness-0.001]) StepperMount();
    }
}

// stepper base plate with screw holes
module StepperPlate(plate, screws, screw_d, bore, step_slice_t,
                    ex_slices_v, ex_slice_d, ex_slice_t, ex_slice_r, t) {
    // convert screw hole rectangle to x/y offset (from base plate exterior)
    module StepperScrewHoles(d, h, re=0, v=[1,1,1,1]) {
        translate([0,0,h/2])
            clone_rect(screws, v=v, center=true) SoftCylinder(d=d, h=h, re1=re, center=true);
    }
    translate([0,0,plate[2]/2]) difference() { // plate flat on ground (extruder slices below)
        union() {
            // base plate
            cube(plate, center=true);
            translate([0,0,plate[2]/2]) { // above plate
                // stepper slice (spacer grid)
                translate([0,0,step_slice_t/2]) {
                    translate ([0,screws[1]/2])  cube([plate[0],t,step_slice_t], center=true);
                    translate ([screws[0]/2,0])  cube([t,plate[1],step_slice_t], center=true);
                    translate ([0,-screws[1]/2]) cube([plate[0],t,step_slice_t], center=true);
                    translate ([-screws[0]/2,0]) cube([t,plate[1],step_slice_t], center=true);
                }
                // stepper screw hole slices
                StepperScrewHoles(d=screw_d+t*1.75, h=step_slice_t);
            }
            // extruder screw hole slices
            edge_rad = extruder_screw_hole_slice_radius >= 0 ? extruder_screw_hole_slice_radius : 0;
            translate([0,0,-plate[2]/2 -ex_slice_t]) // below plate
                StepperScrewHoles(d=ex_slice_d, h=ex_slice_t, re=edge_rad, v=ex_slices_v);
        }
        // screw holes
        translate([0,0,- plate[2]/2 - ex_slice_t])
            StepperScrewHoles(d=screw_d, h=step_slice_t + plate[2] + ex_slice_t);
        // stepper axis bore
        cylinder(d=bore, h=plate[2], center=true);
    }
}
//StepperPlate([42,42,2], [31,31], 3.4, 24, 1, [0,1,1,0], 6.5, 1, 2, $fn=30);
//StepperPlate([38,42,2], [28,32], 3.4, 18, 3, [1,1,1,1], 8, 4, 3, $fn=30);

// aluminium profile attachment
module AttachmentPlate(plate, screws, screw_d, screw_w, screw_flip, edge_r) {
    screw_off = (plate - screws)/2;
    screw_delta = screw_w > screw_d
                  ? (screw_w - screw_d) / 2
                  : 0;
    screw_delta_v = screw_flip ? [0,screw_delta,0] : [screw_delta,0,0];
    difference() {
        // base plate
        translate([0,0,plate[2]/2]) SoftCubeLazy(plate, edge_r, center=true);
        translate(-plate/2 + screw_off)
            clone_rect(plate - 2*screw_off) {
                hull() {
                    translate(screw_delta_v) cylinder(d=screw_d, h=plate[2]);
                    translate(-screw_delta_v) cylinder(d=screw_d, h=plate[2]);
                }
            }
    }
}
//AttachmentPlate([40,70,2], [17,60], 4, 7, false, 2, $fn=30);

/* == Transformation Modules ============================================= */
/* Clone children 3 times in a rectangular pattern
 rect    [x,y] dimensions of the rectangle
 v       cloning vector [0,x,y,xy] (default: [1,1,1,1])
 center  center all children relative to the provided rect (default: false)
*/
module clone_rect(rect, v=[1,1,1,1], r=[0,0,0], center=false)
    translate(center ? -rect/2 : [0,0,0])
        for (i=[0:1], j=[0:1])
            translate(lvmult([i,j],rect))
                if (v[i+j*2] == 1) children();
//clone_rect([10,20]) cylinder(d=2, h=10);
//clone_rect([10,20]) union() { cube([2,4,10]); cube([4,1,10]); };
//clone_rect([10,20], [1,0,0,1]) union() { cube([2,4,10]); cube([4,1,10]); };

/* == Fillet ============================================================= */
/* cube with softened (z-axis) edges, lazy version
 size    [x,y,z]
 radius  fillet radius, standard cube if <= 0, limited to x/y dimensions (fully rounded x/y edges)
 expand  fillet, size defines outer dimensions (false, default) or add radius to x/y size (true)
 center  center cube (default: false)
 - based on https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:9347
*/
module SoftCubeLazy(size, radius, expand=false, center=false) {
    if (radius <= 0) { // standard cube, no fillet
        cube(size, center);
    } else {
        x = size[0]; y = size[1]; z = size[2];
        r = min(x/(expand ? 1 : 2), y/(expand ? 1 : 2), radius); // maximum radius (must not exceed x/y dimensions)
        off = r / (expand ? 2 : 1);
        translate (center ? [0,0,-z/2] : [x/2,y/2,0]) {
            linear_extrude(height=z) hull() {
                // place 4 circles in the corners, with the given radius
                translate([-x/2 + off, -y/2 + off, 0]) circle(r);
                translate([ x/2 - off, -y/2 + off, 0]) circle(r);
                translate([-x/2 + off,  y/2 - off, 0]) circle(r);
                translate([ x/2 - off,  y/2 - off, 0]) circle(r);
            }
        }
    }
}
//SoftCubeLazy([20,20,20], 2, $fn=50);
//SoftCubeLazy([40,10,20], 220, center=true, $fn=50);
//SoftCubeLazy([20,10,20], 200, expand=true, center=true, $fn=50);

///* cube with softened (z-axis) edges, strict version
// size    [x,y,z]
// radius  fillet radius, standard cube if <= 0, must be <= 1/2* min(x,y) or <= min(x,y) if expand = true
// expand  fillet, size defines outer dimensions (false, default) or add radius to x/y size (true)
// center  center cube (default: false)
// - based on https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:9347
//*/
//module SoftCube(size, radius, expand=false, center=false) {
//    x = size[0]; y = size[1]; z = size[2];
//    assert(radius >= 0, "radius must be >= 0");
//    if (expand) {
//        assert(radius <= x, "radius must be <= x when expand = true");
//        assert(radius <= y, "radius must be <= y when expand = true");
//    }  else {
//        assert(radius <= x/2, "radius must be <= x/2 when expand = false");
//        assert(radius <= y/2, "radius must be <= y/2 when expand = false");
//    }
//    if (radius <= 0) { // standard cube, no fillet
//        cube(size, center);
//    } else {
//        off = radius / (expand ? 2 : 1);
//        translate (center ? [0,0,-z/2] : [x/2,y/2,0]) {
//            linear_extrude(height=z) hull() {
//                // place 4 circles in the corners, with the given radius
//                translate([-x/2 + off, -y/2 + off, 0]) circle(radius);
//                translate([ x/2 - off, -y/2 + off, 0]) circle(radius);
//                translate([-x/2 + off,  y/2 - off, 0]) circle(radius);
//                translate([ x/2 - off,  y/2 - off, 0]) circle(radius);
//            }
//        }
//    }
//}
//SoftCube([20,20,20], 2, $fn=50);
//SoftCube([40,10,20], 5, center=true, $fn=50);
//SoftCube([20,10,20], 10, expand=true, center=true, $fn=50);

/* cylinder with softened edges
 h     cylinder height (default: 1)
 r1    cylinder radius bottom (default: 1)
 r2    cylinder radius top (default: 1)
 r     cylinder radius (default: r = r1 = r2)
 d1    cylinder diameter bottom (default: d1 = r1*2)
 d2    cylinder diameter top (default: d2 = r2*2)
 d     cylinder diameter (default: d = d1 = d2)
 re1   edge radius bottom (default: 0)
 re2   edge radius top (default: 0)
 re    edge radius (default: re = r1 = r2)
 note: cone dimensions (width and angle) are slightly off when r1 != r2 (may need changes)
*/
module SoftCylinder(h, r1, r2, r, d1, d2, d, re1, re2, re, center=false) {
    module Edge(d, e) {
        if (e > 0) {
            rotate_extrude(convexity = 10) translate([d/2-e, 0, 0]) circle(r = e);
        } else {
            linear_extrude(0.000001) circle(d=d); // FIXME hack
        }
    }
    dia1 = nvl([d1,d,nvl([r1,r,1])*2]);
    dia2 = nvl([d2,d,nvl([r2,r,1])*2]);
    erad1 = nvl([re1,re,0]);
    if (erad1 > h/2) echo("WARNING: re1 (or re/2) must be < height/2, reducing to height/2");
    e1 = erad1 > h/2 ? h/2 : erad1;
    erad2 = nvl([re2,re,0]);
    if (erad2 > h/2) echo("WARNING: re2 (or re/2) must be < height/2, reducing to height/2");
    e2 = erad2 > h/2 ? h/2 : erad2;
    translate([0,0,center ? -h/2 : 0]) { // center?
        hull() {
            translate([0,0,e1]) Edge(dia1, e1);
            translate([0,0,h-e2]) rotate([0,180,0]) Edge(dia2, e2); // FIXME rotate hack
        }
    }
}
//cylinder(r=5,h=10,center=true,$fn=50);
//SoftCylinder(r=5,h=10,re=2.5,center=true,$fn=50);
//cylinder(r1=8,r2=5,h=10,center=true,$fn=50);
//SoftCylinder(r1=8,r2=5,h=10,re1=1,re2=2.5,center=true,$fn=50);
//cylinder(d1=10,r2=3,h=10,re1=2.5,re2=0,$fn=50);
//SoftCylinder(d1=10,r2=3,h=10,re1=1.5,re2=0,$fn=50);
//SoftCylinder(d=6.5, re=0.5, h=2, $fn=50);
//SoftCylinder(d=6.5, re=1, h=2, $fn=50);

///* cylinder with softened edges using minovski
// r       radius (default: 1)
// h       height (default: 1)
// re      radius edges (default: 0, flat)
// center  center on z-axis (default: false)
//*/
//module SoftCylinderM(r=1, h=1, re=0, center=false) {
//    translate([0,0,center ? 0 : h/2]) { // center?
//        resize([r*2,r*2,h]) minkowski($fn=50) {
//            cylinder(r=r, h=h, center=true);
//            sphere(r=re/2);
//        }
//    }
//}
////cylinder(r=2,h=20,center=true,$fn=50);
////SoftCylinderM(r=2,h=20,center=true,$fn=50);
////cylinder(r=5,h=20,center=true,$fn=50);
////SoftCylinderM(r=5,h=20,re=2.5, h=20,center=true,$fn=50);

/* == Matrix Math ======================================================== */
/* lazy vector multiplication, multiply up to 4 vectors with 2 or 3 dimensions
   v1 is used to identify max dimensions
   if v2 to v4 have more dimensions they are ignored
   if v2 to v4 have less dimensions 1 is assumumed */
function lvmult(v1, v2=[1,1,1], v3=[1,1,1], v4=[1,1,1]) =
    v1[2] == undef
      ? [v1[0]*v2[0]*v3[0]*v4[0],
         v1[1]*v2[1]*v3[1]*v4[1]]
      : [v1[0]*v2[0]*v3[0]*v4[0],
         v1[1]*v2[1]*v3[1]*v4[1],
         v1[2]*nvl([v2[2],1])*nvl([v3[2],1])*(nvl([v4[2],1]))];
//echo(lvmult([2,3],[3,4]));
//echo(lvmult([10,20,30],[2,3]));
//echo(lvmult([10,20,30],[2,3,4],[10,10,10],[2,2,2]));
//echo(lvmult([2,3],[3,4,1]));

/* lazy vector division, divide up to 4 vectors with 2 or 3 dimensions
   v1 is used to identify the dimensions
   if v2 to v4 have more dimensions they are ignored
   if v2 to v4 have less dimensions 1 is assumumed */
function lvdiv(v1, v2=[1,1,1], v3=[1,1,1], v4=[1,1,1]) =
    v1[2] == undef
      ? [v1[0]/v2[0]/v3[0]/v4[0],
         v1[1]/v2[1]/v3[1]/v4[1]]
      : [v1[0]/v2[0]/v3[0]/v4[0],
         v1[1]/v2[1]/v3[1]/v4[1],
         v1[2]/nvl([v2[2],1])/nvl([v3[2],1])/nvl([v4[2],1])];
//echo(lvdiv([10,20,30],[2,3,4]));
//echo(lvdiv([10,20,30],[2,3,4],[10,10,10],[2,2,2]));
//echo(lvdiv([2,3],[3,4,1]));

/* == Vector Operations ================================================== */
/* get first non-null value from vector, single argument, or undef */
function nvl(v) = _nvlRec(v);
// not sure how to get a sub-vector, separate function and _i would not be necessary
function _nvlRec(v, _i=0) =
    let (vec = concat(v))
        vec == undef || _i < 0 || _i >= len(vec)
        ? undef
        : (vec[_i] != undef ? vec[_i] : _nvlRec(vec, _i+1));
//echo(nvl([undef,undef,3])); // 3
//echo(nvl([_a,_b,3])); // 3
//echo(nvl([3])); // 3
//echo(nvl([])); // undef
//echo(nvl(1)); // 1
//echo(nvl()); // undef

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a custom hex bit holder designed in OpenSCAD. I found this old file, "Variable_Spacing_Customizable_Hex_Bit_Holder.scad", but it's a bit clunky and I'd really prefer a more robust, parametric design, and ideally one that's better organized for future modifications.

Essentially, I need a holder that can accommodate a series of hex sockets, each with potentially different widths. The key feature is that it dynamically calculates the spacing between each socket, ensuring there's enough room for the socket itself, plus some extra padding, and it should be laid out in a single row. I'll provide the socket sizes as a list.

Here's what I'd like to control:

*   **Socket Sizes:** I need to be able to provide an array of widths for the hex sockets, like `[12.7000, 11.1125, 9.5250, 8.7313, 7.9375, 7.1438, 6.3500, 5.5563, 4.7625, 3.9688]`.
*   **Socket Wall Thickness:**  I need a parameter to define the extra thickness added to each socket, say, `2mm` for the sake of this design.
*   **Base Height:** The overall height of the holder base, maybe start with `15mm` as a default.
*   **Tolerance:** A general printer tolerance to account for material shrinkage or expansion, perhaps `0.33mm`.
*   **Extra Padding:**  The space between each socket and the sides of its cutout, maybe `2mm` initially.
*   **Rounded Corners:** A toggle to either round or keep the corners square on the base, `1` for yes, `0` for no.
*   **Hole Through:** Another toggle to specify if the hex bit holes go all the way through the base or not, `1` for all the way, `0` for a partial hole.
*    **Slotted Walls:** A toggle for adding slots to add some flex to the walls, `1` for yes, `0` for no.
*    **Bit Size:** This should define the standard bit size; let's use `6.35mm` which is 1/4".

The original file had a recursive function, but that's not strictly required - just as long as the spacing is calculated correctly.  A minkowski operation with a cylinder seemed to handle the rounded corners.

For the code, I'm hoping you could make good use of modules for clear organization. Also, I'd really appreciate it if you make it easy to change up the parameters.

I don't have any special requests for libraries, but I trust you'll use what's appropriate. Let me know if you have questions!

[Assistant]
Variable_Spacing_Customizable_Hex_Bit_Holder.scad:
```
/*
* Variable Spacing Customizable Hex Bit Holder
* by Wesley T. Honeycutt
* http://wesleythoneycutt.com
* Remixed from Customisable hex bit holder by Mykhaylo Lytvynyuk
* License changed to include derivatives so I could publish.
* Inherits CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 license from original
*
* Version history:
*    v1 - Feb. 19, 2018
*      Summary of changes:
*      Initial publication.  This file allows the user to make
*      custom hex bit holders for parts with variable tool
*      radii.  While the hex bit size stays the same, some
*      tools such as hex sockets have variable widths depending
*      on the size of the socket.  This design incorporates a
*      recursive function which calculates a new spacing for
*      each individual part, such that there is enough room
*      on the holder to include all of the parts.  This design
*      currently only works in 1 dimension for the purpose of
*      spacing the parts.  It cannot, at this time, create
*      multiple rows of parts like the original.
*/

/**
	Customisable hex bit holder
	Copyring Mykhaylo Lytvynyuk March 2015
	http://mobilemodding.info
	Released under
	Attribution - Non-Commercial - No Derivatives License

	*** March 16, 2015 Initial Version
*/

// Hex Socket sizes (in mm)
// This must be an array [brackets,and,commas] of widths.
_sizes = [
  12.7000,
  11.1125,
   9.5250,
   8.7313,
   7.9375,
   7.1438,
   6.3500,
   5.5563,
   4.7625,
   3.9688
   ];

// Wall thickness of socket
// This is extra padding for the thickness of the socket material.
// For example, if the socket says it is 1/2", the width of the
// tool is 1/2" + some metal thickness.
_sock = 2;

// mm, base height
_height = 15; //default 15

// mm, printer tolerance, can be negative, required to compensate specific printer contraction/expansion during print.
_tolerance = 0.33;

//mm, between sides and bit
_extraPadding = 2;

// Rounded corners
_rounded = 1;//[1:Yes,0:No]

// Determines if hole goes compeltely through the base
_holeThrough = 1;	//[1:Yes,0:No]

// Make slot to add flex to the walls
_slotted = 1;//[1:Yes,0:No]

// mm, defines bit size ( 6.35 is 1/4" )
_bitSize = 6.35;

/* [Hidden] */
// local vars
outerRadius = outRadius(_bitSize + _tolerance/2,6);
delta = outerRadius + _extraPadding;
minkowskiCylinderHeight = 1;
// calculates total length of object
eachLength = [ for (i = [0:(len(_sizes)-1)]) (((_sizes[i])/2) + _sock + delta )];
function sumv(v,i,s=0) = (i==s ? v[i] : v[i] + sumv(v,i-1,s));
totalLength = (sumv(eachLength,(len(eachLength)-1),0)) + max(eachLength);
depth = max(_sizes);
width = (outerRadius + _extraPadding);

module assembly() {

difference() {
	base();
    for(i = [0:(len(_sizes)-1)]) {
        if(i == 0) {
            translate([(eachLength[i]),(max(_sizes)/2),_holeThrough?0:1]) hexBit();
            if(_slotted){
                translate([(eachLength[i])+1,-2,minkowskiCylinderHeight + _height - _height * 0.75]) rotate([0,0,90]) cube([width + 8,2,_height*0.75],center=false);
            }
        }
        else {
            translate([(eachLength[i]+sumv(eachLength,i-1,0)),(max(_sizes)/2),_holeThrough?0:1]) hexBit();
            if(_slotted){
                translate([(eachLength[i]+sumv(eachLength,i-1,0))+1,-2,minkowskiCylinderHeight + _height - _height * 0.75]) rotate([0,0,90]) cube([width + 8,2,_height*0.75],center=false);
		}
        }
    }
}

}

module hexBit() {
	cylinder(h=_height+minkowskiCylinderHeight,r=outRadius(_bitSize/2 + _tolerance/2,6),$fn=6, center = false);
}

module base() {
	minkowski() {
		cube([totalLength,depth,_height]);
		if(_rounded) cylinder(r=1,h=minkowskiCylinderHeight,$fn=32,center = false);
	}
}

// calculates outradious by given inradius
function outRadius(inradius, sides) = inradius / ( cos (180 / sides));

assembly();
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable cylinder in OpenSCAD, similar to what I've seen, but with a few extra options. I need a hollow cylinder where I can adjust the inner and outer diameters, as well as the height. However, I'd like the option for the outer diameter to be different at the top and bottom of the cylinder, like a cone shape, as in the example you provided. I need to specify all dimensions in millimeters.

Additionally, I'd like to have an option to create a series of these cylinders stacked vertically on top of each other. For example, I want to be able to specify the number of cylinders I want, their vertical spacing, and have that built into a single model.

So, in summary, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD script that allows me to:

1.  Define the inner diameter.
2.  Define the outer diameter at the bottom.
3.  Define the outer diameter at the top.
4.  Define the overall height of a single cylinder.
5.  Specify the number of cylinders to stack vertically.
6.  Specify the vertical spacing between each stacked cylinder.

It would be great if it were well-commented so I can understand what's happening and easily customize things. I'm not sure if it helps, but the example I have defines the number of segments in the circles using "$fn=96" so you might want to do that too. I think it would be nice if the library used was one of the major ones (such as MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, or BOLTS), but any library that supports that kind of functionality is fine.

[Assistant]
customizable-cylinder.scad:
```
// All measurements in MM
// Inner diameter
ind =8.2;

// Outer diameter bottom
od1=10;

// Outer diameter top
od2=10;

// Cylinder hight
ch=32;

translate([0, 0, 0]) {
    difference() {
		translate([0, 0, 0]) cylinder(h = ch, r1 =od1/2,r2=od2/2,$fn=96);  //cylinder
		translate([0, 0, 0]) cylinder(h = ch, r= ind/2, $fn=96);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to get some parametric wire grommets designed for my 3D printer. I've been working on a custom design, but I think it would be better if it was more easily configurable. I'd like these to be designed in OpenSCAD.

I need several grommet types, each designed to fit into rectangular holes of different sizes, and they need to be able to be installed after the wires are run, so each should have a slit cut through it. Here's the basic idea:

1.  **General Grommet Shape**: Each grommet will have a rectangular core designed to fit into a rectangular hole in a printer frame. This core will have rounded edges. There needs to be a top flange that sticks out past the hole, and a detent on either side on the bottom that will help hold it in place. The body and top flange should also have rounded edges.
2. **Slit**: There will need to be a narrow cut through each grommet from the top to near the bottom so the wires can be installed without disconnecting them.

Here are the specific grommet types I need, along with the parameters to make them:

*   **Front Left (Empty)**:
    *   Hole size: 9x21x8.5 (X, Y, Z)
    *   Hole rounding: 2
    *   Grommet thickness: 1
    *   Top flange offset: X=2, Y=2
    *   Top flange thickness: 2
    *   Top flange shoulder (overhang): 2
    *   Detent size: 1.25
*   **Back Right (YZ Stepper)**:
    *   Hole size: 9x20x8.5
    *   Hole rounding: 2
    *   Grommet thickness: 1
    *   Top flange offset: X=2, Y=1
    *   Top flange thickness: 1
    *   Top flange shoulder (overhang): 2
    *   Detent size: 1.75
*   **Back Left (X Endstop)**:
    *   Hole size: 9x13x8.5
    *   Hole rounding: 2
    *   Grommet thickness: 1
    *   Top flange offset: X=0, Y=2
    *   Top flange thickness: 1
    *   Top flange shoulder (overhang): 2
    *   Detent size: 1.75
*   **Back Middle (Empty)**:
    *    Hole size: 9x28x9.5
    *   Hole rounding: 2
    *   Grommet thickness: 1
    *   Top flange offset: X=2, Y=0
    *   Top flange thickness: 1
    *   Top flange shoulder (overhang): 2
    *    Detent size: 1.75

I would like all of these to be generated by a single, parametric module. It would be nice if there was some way to easily call each of these with their set parameters by using a variable.

Also, can you provide a separate module that is specifically for the bed heater wires? These are a little different, and are flatter. I know these might not work out, but I would still like to give it a shot.

*   **Bed Heater Wires**:
    *   Hole size: 5x64x4.5
    *   Hole rounding: 1 if HoleX is less than 6, otherwise 2
    *   Grommet thickness: 1
    *  Top flange offset: X=0, Y=0
    *   Top flange thickness: 1
    *   Top flange shoulder (overhang): 2
    *   Detent size: 1.75

I'd like the code to use the `minkowski` and `cube` functions to create the rounded rectangles. The design also needs to be cut with a slit down the side that extends past the grommet and flange, so it can be installed after the wires are in place.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file, or multiple files if needed, to do all of this, please? I am not looking to use external libraries for this.

[Assistant]
SquareGrometV2.scad:
```
//Bibo Gromets
//GrometType=2 BackRight(YZStepper) BiboRightBackGromet.stl
//   9x20x8.5, Rounding=2,GrommetThick=1,Offx=2,Offy=2,FlangeThick=1,FlangeShoulder=2,Detent=1.5

//GrometType=1 FrontLeft(Empty) BiboLeftFrontGromet.stl
//   9x21x8.5, Rounding=2,GrommetThick=1,Offx=2,Offy=2,FlangeThick=2,FlangeShoulder=2,Detent=1.5

//GrometType=3 BackLeft(X EndStop) BiboLeftBackGromet.stl
//   9x13x8.5, Rounding=2,GrommetThick=1,Offx=0,Offy=2,FlangeThick=1,FlangeShoulder=2,Detent=1.5

//5 BackMiddle(Empty) BiboMiddleBackGromet.stl
//   9x28x8.5, Rounding=2,GrommetThick=1,Offx=2,Offy=0,FlangeThick=1,FlangeShoulder=2,Detent=1.5
//4 BedHeaterWires BiboBedHeaterGromet.stl
//   5x64x4.5, Rounding=2,GrommetThick=1,Offx=0,Offy=0,FlangeThick=1,FlangeShoulder=2,Detent=1.5
//GrometType 1-FrontLeft,2-BackRight,3-BackLeft,4-BedHeatNotComplete,5-BackMiddle
GrometType=1;
//GrometType,Version,HoleX,HoleY,HoleZ,HoleRounding,GrommetThickness,TopFlangeXOff,TopFlangeYOff,TopFlangeThick,TopFlangeShoulder,Detent

if (GrometType==5) {
    Version="BackMiddle";
    //HoleSizeX
    HoleX=9;
    //HoleSizeY
    HoleY=28;
    //Plate thickness
    HoleZ=9.5;
    //Round it up a bit so it will fit better
    HoleRounding=2;
    HoleRounding2=HoleRounding*2;
    GrommetThickness=1 ;
    GrommetThickness2=GrommetThickness*2 ;
    //TopFlange
    TopFlangeXOff=2;
    TopFlangeYOff=0;
    TopFlangeThick=1;
    TopFlangeShoulder=2;
    //DetentSize
    Detent=1.75;
    Gromet(GrometType,Version,HoleX,HoleY,HoleZ,HoleRounding,GrommetThickness,TopFlangeXOff,TopFlangeYOff,TopFlangeThick,TopFlangeShoulder,Detent);
};

if (GrometType==4) {
    Version= (GrometType==4) ? "BedHeaterWires":"";
    //Version="BedHeaterWires";
    //HoleSizeX
    HoleX=5;
    //HoleSizeY
    HoleY=64;
    //Plate thickness
    HoleZ=4.5;
    //Round it up a bit so it will fit better
    //if (HoleX<6) HoleRounding=1;
    //if (HoleX<6) HoleRounding=2;
    HoleRounding = (HoleX<6) ? 1 : 2;
    //xx = (x > (y-z)) ? x : y-z;
    //c= a>b ? b-w : (a<b ? a-w : a-w);

    GrommetThickness=1 ;
    //TopFlange
    TopFlangeXOff=0;
    TopFlangeYOff=0;
    TopFlangeThick=1;
    TopFlangeShoulder=2;
    //DetentSize
    Detent=1.75;
    Gromet(GrometType,Version,HoleX,HoleY,HoleZ,HoleRounding,GrommetThickness,TopFlangeXOff,TopFlangeYOff,TopFlangeThick,TopFlangeShoulder,Detent);
};

if (GrometType==3) {
    Version="BackLeft";
    //HoleSizeX
    HoleX=8.5;
    //HoleSizeY
    HoleY=13;
    //Plate thickness
    HoleZ=9.5;
    //Round it up a bit so it will fit better
    HoleRounding=2;
    HoleRounding2=HoleRounding*2;
    GrommetThickness=1 ;
    GrommetThickness2=GrommetThickness*2 ;
    //TopFlange
    TopFlangeXOff=2;
    TopFlangeYOff=0;
    TopFlangeThick=1;
    TopFlangeShoulder=2;
    //DetentSize
    Detent=1.75;
    Gromet(GrometType,Version,HoleX,HoleY,HoleZ,HoleRounding,GrommetThickness,TopFlangeXOff,TopFlangeYOff,TopFlangeThick,TopFlangeShoulder,Detent);
};
if (GrometType==2) {
    Version="BackRight";
    //HoleSizeX
    HoleX=9;
    //HoleSizeY
    HoleY=20;
    //Plate thickness
    HoleZ=9.5;
    //Round it up a bit so it will fit better
    HoleRounding=2;
    HoleRounding2=HoleRounding*2;
    GrommetThickness=1 ;
    GrommetThickness2=GrommetThickness*2 ;
    //TopFlange
    TopFlangeXOff=2;
    TopFlangeYOff=1;
    TopFlangeThick=1;
    TopFlangeShoulder=2;
    //DetentSize
    Detent=1.75;
    Gromet(GrometType,Version,HoleX,HoleY,HoleZ,HoleRounding,GrommetThickness,TopFlangeXOff,TopFlangeYOff,TopFlangeThick,TopFlangeShoulder,Detent);
};

if (GrometType==1) {
    Version="FrontLeft";
    //HoleSizeX
    HoleX=9;
    //HoleSizeY
    HoleY=21;
    //Plate thickness
    HoleZ=8.5;
    //Round it up a bit so it will fit better
    HoleRounding=2;
    HoleRounding2=HoleRounding*2;
    GrommetThickness=1 ;
    GrommetThickness2=GrommetThickness*2 ;
    //TopFlange
    TopFlangeXOff=2;
    TopFlangeYOff=2;
    TopFlangeThick=2;
    TopFlangeShoulder=2;
    //DetentSize
    Detent=1.25;
    Gromet(GrometType,Version,HoleX,HoleY,HoleZ,HoleRounding,GrommetThickness,TopFlangeXOff,TopFlangeYOff,TopFlangeThick,TopFlangeShoulder,Detent);
};

// 8x20x6.5
module Gromet(GrometType,Version,HoleX,HoleY,HoleZ,HoleRounding,GrommetThickness,TopFlangeXOff,TopFlangeYOff,TopFlangeThick,TopFlangeShoulder,Detent) {
//Adjustments
    HoleRounding2=HoleRounding*2;
    GrommetThickness2=GrommetThickness*2 ;
    echo ("HoleZ",HoleZ);
    aHoleZ=HoleZ-.75;

rotate([0,180,0]) {
difference(){  //cut slice

    difference() {
union() {
    union() {
    union() {
        //topflange
        translate([TopFlangeXOff,TopFlangeYOff,HoleZ/2]) {
        RoundSquare((HoleX+(TopFlangeShoulder*2)),(HoleY+(TopFlangeShoulder*2)),TopFlangeThick,HoleRounding);
        }
        //build outer pipe
        RoundSquare(HoleX,HoleY,aHoleZ,HoleRounding);
    }
         translate([-((HoleX/2)+GrommetThickness-Detent),0,(-HoleZ/2)+Detent]) {
       sphere(r=Detent);
        }
    }
        translate([(HoleX/2)+GrommetThickness-Detent,0,(-HoleZ/2)+Detent]) {
       sphere(r=Detent);
        }
    }
    translate([0,0,0]) {
    //build inner pipe
    RoundSquare(HoleX-GrommetThickness2,HoleY-GrommetThickness2,aHoleZ+2,HoleRounding);
    }
    };
    //slice to put wire in
    translate([0,4,0]) {
        cube([.2,HoleY,HoleZ*1.2],true);
    }
}
}
}  //Grommet end of moduile

//rotate(a=[0,90,0]) {
module RoundSquare(X,Y,Z,R) {
minkowski()
    {
    cube([X-(R*2),Y-(R*2),Z],true) ;
        cylinder(r=R,h=.001,center=true);
    }
}
//}
module BedHeaterWires(GrometType){
   //if (GrometType==4) {
    Version= (GrometType==4) ? "BedHeaterWires":"";
    //Version="BedHeaterWires";
    //HoleSizeX
    HoleX=5;
    //HoleSizeY
    HoleY=64;
    //Plate thickness
    HoleZ=4.5;
    //Round it up a bit so it will fit better
    //if (HoleX<6) HoleRounding=1;
    //if (HoleX<6) HoleRounding=2;
    HoleRounding = (HoleX<6) ? 1 : 2;
    //xx = (x > (y-z)) ? x : y-z;
    //c= a>b ? b-w : (a<b ? a-w : a-w);
    HoleRounding2=HoleRounding*2;
    GrommetThickness=1 ;
    GrommetThickness2=GrommetThickness*2 ;
    //TopFlange
    TopFlangeXOff=0;
    TopFlangeYOff=0;
    TopFlangeThick=1;
    TopFlangeShoulder=2;
    //DetentSize
    Detent=1.75;
    }
```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric LED clip for holding an aluminum L-profile. The goal is to hold the profile securely, but also allow it to rotate within the clip so the LED light can be aimed.

Here are the key parameters I'd like to control:

*   `length`: The length of the base plate of the clip.
*   `thick`: The thickness of the base plate.
*   `width`: The width of the carrier profile (the 'L' shaped aluminum piece).
*   `screw_dia`: The diameter of the mounting screw hole.
*   `dia`: The diameter of the circular hole that holds the L-profile. This diameter needs to be large enough to accommodate the profile being rotated within the circle. (For instance, a 10x10mm square profile will have a `dia` of about 14.2mm).
*   `rim`: The width of the rim around the circular hole.
*   `lsa`: The length of the slot anchor that goes into the profile.
*   `deep`: How far the slot anchor protrudes into the L-profile.
*   `slit`: The width of the slot anchor.

The clip should have two mirrored pieces that clamp down on the aluminum profile. Each piece should have a base plate with the mounting screw hole, and a circular cutout to hold the profile itself. There should also be a slot anchor, basically a small tab, that fits into the L-profile of the carrier itself.  These slot anchors should be on opposite ends of the clip, and should be designed so that they help hold the two pieces together. I'm thinking that these anchors should not simply be a rectangular protrusion, but perhaps a trapezoidal shape or something similar that will help guide and keep the pieces together.

I would like to see a fully parametric OpenSCAD file, or a main file that can call on functions defined in external module files, if that makes more sense, with comments describing the functionality.

I don't have a preference for which library to use, but I am familiar with using the MCAD library if that helps.

[Assistant]
LEDclip2.scad:
```
// length of base plate (mm)
length = 20;

// thickness of base plate (mm)
thick = 3;

// width of carrier profile (mm)
width = 20;

// diameter of mounting screw (mm)
screw_dia = 5;

// diameter of LED carrier hole (mm) - e.g. a square profile of 10x10mm has 14.2mm diameter = ( 10 * sqrt(2) )
dia = 14.2;

// width of rim around hole (mm)
rim = 2.5;

// length of slot anchor (mm)
lsa = 3;

// protrusion of profile slot anchor into profile (mm)
deep = 1.5;

// width of profile slot anchor (mm)
slit = 6;

module slot() {
    points = [[0,0],[0,lsa+deep],[deep,lsa],[deep,0]];

rotate( [90,0,-90] )
linear_extrude( slit)
polygon( points, convexity = 1 );
}

module clip() {

translate([0,-1 * thick ,0] ) {

translate([( width + slit )/2,0,0])
slot();
    translate([width/2 -slit/2, 0, length] )
    rotate([0,180,0])
    slot();

difference() {
cube( [width, thick, length ] );
    translate( [width/2, thick + 1,length/ 2 ])
    rotate( [90,90,0] )
    cylinder( thick + 2,screw_dia/2, screw_dia/2, $fn = 7 );
    }
}

difference() {
hull() {
    translate([ width/2 + (dia/2) + rim , (dia/2) +1 , 0] )
    cylinder(4, (dia/2)+rim, (dia/2)+rim, $fn = 60);
    translate([0,-1 * thick,0])
    cube([ width, thick , 4]);
}

    translate([ width/2 + (dia/2) + rim , (dia/2) +1 , -1] )
    cylinder(6, (dia/2), (dia/2), $fn = 60);
}

}

clip();

mirror([0,1,0])
translate([0, 3 * ( thick + deep ),0])
clip();
```