[User]
Okay, I'm looking for a customizable token holder generator for round tokens, and I've got a few specific requirements. I'd like the design to be parametric so I can adjust a bunch of the dimensions. I've already built something similar, so I'll walk you through the features I need:

First, the token holder needs to have cylindrical cutouts to hold tokens. I need to be able to define the diameter of the tokens and the height of the holder. There should be a base that's always 5mm thick, and the height I set will be above that base. I need to be able to specify how many columns (rows) of token cutouts I want. Each column should have one cutout on the top and one on the bottom. Make sure it accounts for the thickness of the walls.

I also want to add optional magnets to the base. I need to be able to enable or disable magnets with a simple switch. If magnets are on, I need to specify their diameter and depth. The design needs to take the magnet diameter and depth and account for tolerances (i.e. it should make the magnet holes slightly bigger to account for variations in print quality).

Finally, I would like to have an optional lid. If I enable the lid, it should be the correct size to fit the main token holder and should include magnet holes if I enable magnets. The magnet holes in the lid should line up with the holes in the holder. I need to be able to specify whether or not to generate the lid.

I'm okay with a single OpenSCAD file, but I'd like to use the MCAD library for any math/utility code. Can you generate that for me? Thanks!

[Assistant]
TokenHolderGeneratorV2.scad:
```

/* [Cylinder Resolution] */
//The resolution of the cylinders
$fn=50;

/* [Holder] */

//The diameter of your tokens in mm
token_diameter = 35;
//The height you want the holder to be in mm, this will always leave 5mm on the bottom as a base
holder_height = 25;

//Number of columns you want
num_cols=1;

/* [Magnets] */

//Do you want magnets? 1 for yes 0 for no
magnets=1;
//The diameter of your magnets in mm
magnet_diameter = 6;
//The depth of your magnets in mm
magnet_depth = 2;

/* [Lid] */
//Do you want to generate a lid? 1 for yes 0 for no
lid=1;

/* [Hidden] */
magnet_diameter_adjusted = magnet_diameter + .2;
magnet_radius = magnet_diameter_adjusted / 2;
token_diameter_adjusted = token_diameter + 1;
token_radius = token_diameter_adjusted/2;
cube_length =(token_diameter_adjusted);
cube_width = (token_diameter_adjusted*2);
spacer_cube_length = magnet_diameter_adjusted+2;
spacer_cube_width = cube_width;

for(cols=[0:num_cols-1]) {
     difference(){
     //the cube
          if(cols==0) {
               translate([spacer_cube_length,0,0])
               cube([cube_length,cube_width,      holder_height]);
          }
          else
          {
               translate([(cols*cube_length)+(cols*spacer_cube_length)+spacer_cube_length,0,0])
                cube([cube_length,cube_width,holder_height]);
          }
         //the big holes
         if(cols==0) {
        //bottom big hole
              translate([(token_radius)+(cols*cube_length)+spacer_cube_length,token_radius-2,5])
              cylinder(holder_height-5,token_radius,    token_radius);
        //top big hole
              translate([token_radius+(cols*cube_length)+spacer_cube_length,(token_radius+cube_width)-(token_diameter_adjusted-2),5])
              cylinder(holder_height-5,token_radius,token_radius);
          }
          else
          {
               translate([(token_radius)+(cols*cube_length)+(cols*spacer_cube_length)+spacer_cube_length,token_radius-2,5])
               cylinder(holder_height-5,token_radius,   token_radius);

               translate([token_radius+(cols*cube_length)+(cols*spacer_cube_length)+spacer_cube_length,(    token_radius+cube_width)-(          token_diameter_adjusted-2),5])
               cylinder(holder_height-5,token_radius,token_radius);
          }
     }
}

//the start and end spacers and magnet holders
for(spacer=[0:num_cols]) {
     //creates the initial spacer
     if(spacer==0) {
          difference() {
               cube([spacer_cube_length,spacer_cube_width,holder_height]);
     //insert magnets if there are any
               if(magnets>=1) {
                    translate([spacer_cube_length/2,spacer_cube_width/2,holder_height-magnet_depth])
                    cylinder(magnet_depth,magnet_radius,magnet_radius);
                 }
            }
     }
     else
     {
     //creates the rest of the spacers after each large hole
          difference() {
               translate([(token_diameter_adjusted+   spacer_cube_length)*spacer,0,0])
               cube([spacer_cube_length,spacer_cube_width,holder_height]);
    //insert magnets if there are any
               if(magnets>=1) {
                    translate([(token_diameter_adjusted*spacer)+(spacer_cube_length*spacer)+magnet_radius,spacer_cube_width/2,holder_height-magnet_depth])
                    cylinder(magnet_depth,magnet_radius,magnet_radius);
               }
          }
     }
}

//The lid
if(lid>=1) {
    difference() {
        translate([0,spacer_cube_width+10,0])
        cube([((spacer_cube_length*num_cols)+spacer_cube_length)+(token_diameter_adjusted*num_cols),spacer_cube_width,magnet_depth+3]);

            for(lidmagnets=[0:num_cols]) {
                 if(magnets>=1) {
                     if(lidmagnets==0) {
                      translate([spacer_cube_length/2,(spacer_cube_width+10)+(spacer_cube_width/2),3])
                      cylinder(magnet_depth,magnet_radius,magnet_radius);
                     }
                     else
                     {
                      translate([(token_diameter_adjusted*lidmagnets)+(spacer_cube_length*lidmagnets)+magnet_radius,(spacer_cube_width+10)+(spacer_cube_width/2),3])
                      cylinder(magnet_depth,magnet_radius,magnet_radius);
                     }
                }
    }
}
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a customizable honeycomb structure in OpenSCAD. I've seen some basic examples, but I need one that's a bit more flexible and robust.

Essentially, I want to define the overall dimensions of a rectangular block, and then fill it with a honeycomb pattern. The key parameters I'd like to control are:

*   **Overall Dimensions:**  I need to be able to specify the overall length (x-axis), width (y-axis), and height (z-axis) of the block.
*   **Cell Size:** I want to define the short diameter of each hexagonal cell (the distance from flat side to flat side).
*   **Wall Thickness:** I'd like to set the thickness of the walls between the hexagonal cells.
*   **Clearance:** There should be a clearance value to account for manufacturing tolerances. This should be applied to both cell size and wall thickness. For example, if the clearance is 0.1, a 10mm cell would be designed as 10.1mm and a 1mm wall would be designed as 1.1mm.
*   **Cell Type:** I want the option to generate a hexagonal cell pattern and a "shifted hexagonal" cell pattern. The shifted pattern is made of alternating rows offset by one half of the short diameter so each hexagon in a row is staggered compared to those above and below it. The default should be the shifted hexagon pattern.
* **Rounding:** There should be a global rounding variable that will round all corners of the structure and all edges of the cells, this should use a built-in function of OpenSCAD and not rely on the hull or similar function. It should default to 0 but can be set higher or lower. The edge rounding radius should be applied first.
*   **Top and Bottom Layers:** I need the option to add solid top and bottom layers of variable thickness. These layers should completely cover the honeycomb structure.
* **Draft Angle:** I need the option to add a draft angle to the honeycomb cell walls. This will make them easier to 3D print or mold. The draft angle should default to 0 degrees, but can be set to any value between -89 and 89 degrees. The draft angle should affect only the walls between the honeycombs and not the top or bottom layers.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files to achieve this? I'm not looking to use any custom libraries for this design.

Thanks in advance!

[Assistant]
Honeycomb_Customizer.scad:
```
//Honeycomb Customizer
//Created by Ed Hitchcock
//Feel free to remix, modify and play with it.
//
//All values in mm

Hexagon_Width = 10;
Wall_Thickness=1;
Overall_Length = 100;
Overall_width = 100;
Overall_Height = 10;

//call honeycomb

honeycomb(Overall_Length,Overall_width,Overall_Height,Hexagon_Width,Wall_Thickness);

//Honeycomb Module

module honeycomb(X=100,Y=100,Z=20,HexWidth=10,WallThickness=1.5){

LongWidth=HexWidth*1.1547;
HexSide = LongWidth/2;
CylinderD = LongWidth-WallThickness;
CountX = round(X/LongWidth)+1;
CountY = round(Y/HexWidth)+1;

difference(){
translate([0,0,Z/2])cube([X,Y,Z],center=true);
translate([0,HexWidth/2,0])
for(xx=[-CountX/2:CountX/2]){
for (yy = [-CountY/2:CountY/2]){
    translate([xx*3*HexSide,yy*HexWidth,-2])cylinder(h=Z+3,d=CylinderD,$fn=6);
   translate([(xx+.5)*3*HexSide,(yy+.5)*HexWidth,-2])cylinder(h=Z+3,d=CylinderD,$fn=6);
}}}
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design some customizable cage clips for my pet's cage, and I think OpenSCAD would be the best way to go. I need clips that can attach to the cage bars and let me hang things like toys or hammocks. I've got some specific requirements that I'd like to be able to adjust parametrically.

First off, the clips need to fit different bar sizes. I need to be able to set the `Diameter_of_Bars` and `Width_of_Space_Between_Bars`, and have the clips adjust accordingly.

I also want to be able to control how tightly the clip grips the bar. I'd like a `Loosen_Grip` setting, maybe as a percentage of the bar diameter, so I can make the slot the bar goes into a bit wider for easier installation.

Then, I need to be able to choose between two fixing types: an "Eye" type for a loop and a "Hook" type. The fixing part itself should also have a `Fixing_Diameter` that I can adjust. The diameter should be set so that the front is never smaller than the back.

The clips need to work in two orientations – either the fixing part is horizontal or vertical relative to the cage bars. I'd also like to be able to choose if the clip fastens in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction when you rotate it onto the bar, so I need a `To_Fasten_Clip_Rotate` setting.

It would be really helpful if I could also choose to crop the front face at the top or the bottom, using boolean `Crop_Front_Face_Top` and `Crop_Front_Face_Bottom` settings, though these crops should only happen if the clip is not being made too short.

And finally, for testing and organization purposes, it would be great if I could choose what information is printed onto the back face of the clip. I would like options to have it print either the “Value of Diameter_of_Bars and Loosen_Grip”, “Fasten Direction Text”, “Fasten Direction Arrows”, or have “Nothing” printed.  Also, for preview purposes only, can the code include bars so they can be seen in preview, but not rendered when exporting as stl? I would want to have `Show_Bars_in_Preview` to toggle them.

Oh, and I guess I'll need to have a couple .stl files for the hook and eye, so I can import them, but the code should take care of their placement, so I don't need to worry about the code for these two individual elements.

I'm not that familiar with OpenSCAD, so any help that you can give me would be great. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Cage_Clip_Fixings.scad:
```
//Customizable Cage Clip Fixing     version 00
/* Publication Notes
    Customizable Cage Clip Fixing by SavageRodent
    Original at: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:5453292
    Last updated: 26/02/2023
    Published under: the Creative Commons CC - BY 3.0 licence
    Licence details here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
    OpenSCAD version 2021.01
*/

//Mesure this as acuritly as possible.
Diameter_of_Bars            = 3;            //[1:.01:10]
Width_of_Space_Between_Bars = 13;           //[1:.01:40]
//This setting changes the width of the slot that the bars pass through. The value is the size of the slot as a percentage of the diameter of a bar. Thus the greater the value the wider the slot and the looser the grip.
Loosen_Grip                  = 90;           //[70:100]
Fixing_type                 = "Eye";       //[Eye,Hook]
//The minimum value for the Eye Diameter is determoned by the dimentions of the bars. This means the front of the clip can never have a  diameter smaller than the back of the clip.
Fixing_Diameter               = 22;           //[10:.1:60]

Orientation_of_Fixing    = "Horizontal"; //[Horizontal, Vertical]
//Most of the time it won't matter in which direction the clips fasten. However, there may be occasions when a clip is pulled at such an angle as to loosen it. In this case, you may find it useful to have some clips that fasten in the opposite directions.
To_Fasten_Clip_Rotate       = "Clockwise";  //[Clockwise, Anti-Clockwise]

Crop_Front_Face_Top         = false;
Crop_Front_Face_Bottom      = false;
//If you're printing several test clips to find your prafered Loosen_Grip value, you might find the "Value of Diameter_of_Bars and Loosen_Grip" lableing option useful.
Print_On_Back = "Value of Diameter_of_Bars and Loosen_Grip";//[Value of Diameter_of_Bars and Loosen_Grip, Fasten Direction Text, Fasten Direction Arrows, Nothing]

Show_Bars_in_Preview        = true;

/*Abreveated & derivertive varible*/{

bd          = Diameter_of_Bars;                 //bar diameter
bs          = Width_of_Space_Between_Bars;      //bar spacing
bsh         = Width_of_Space_Between_Bars/2;    //bar spaceing halfed
min_tab_r   = bs*1.44/2;                        //minimum tab radius
tab_r       = bsh+bd*1.5>min_tab_r ? bsh+bd*1.5 : min_tab_r;//tab radius
fd          = Fixing_Diameter>tab_r*2 ? Fixing_Diameter : tab_r*2;
tt          = Diameter_of_Bars + fd/20; //tan thickness
fix_t       = Fixing_type;                      //fixing type

Bar_Slot    = bd/100*Loosen_Grip;//the gap the bars pass though

echo(Bar_gap=bd/100*Loosen_Grip);

crop_stop   = bs/fd<.43 ? true : false;

rot_fix = Orientation_of_Fixing=="Vertical" ? 90 : 0;

crop_t  = rot_fix==0 && Crop_Front_Face_Top==true && crop_stop==false? bsh:fd/2;

crop_b  = rot_fix==0 && Crop_Front_Face_Bottom   ==true && crop_stop==false ? bsh:fd/2;
$fn     = 100;

colour = To_Fasten_Clip_Rotate=="Clockwise" ? "gold" : "YellowGreen";
}

/*All Parts*/{
rotate([0,90,0]){
    difference(){
        color(colour)
            mirror([To_Fasten_Clip_Rotate=="Clockwise"?0:1,0,0]){
//back
                rotate_copy(0,0,180)
                    intersection(){
                        rotate([90,0,0])
                            translate([-bsh,0,0])
                                linear_extrude(bs*3)
                                    rounded_square([bs, tt],[0,0,0,tt*.33],$fn=4);
                        rotate_extrude(angle=-180)
                            rounded_square([tab_r, tt],[0,tt*.66,.25,0]);

                }
//middle
                translate([0,0,tt*.66])
                    linear_extrude(bd+tt*.4)//was .33
                        rounded_square(bs,[bsh,0,bsh,0],center=true);
        }
//text Bar Slot Diameter
            if(Print_On_Back=="Value of Diameter_of_Bars and Loosen_Grip"){
                print_text("", bd,          .42, 1);
                print_text("", Loosen_Grip, .42, 2);
            }
            if(Print_On_Back=="Fasten Direction Text"){
                if(To_Fasten_Clip_Rotate=="Clockwise")
                    print_text("CW", "", .35, 0);
                    else
                    print_text("ACW", "", .35, 0);
            }
            if(Print_On_Back=="Fasten Direction Arrows")
                translate([0,0,.5])
                    scale(bs*.95)
                        rotate([0,0,90])
                            fasten_direction(To_Fasten_Clip_Rotate);
                    else{}
    }
//front
    color(colour)
        translate([0,0,tt+Bar_Slot])
            intersection(){
                linear_extrude(.6363*fd, convexity=10)
                    rotate([0,0,90])
                         polygon([ [-fd, crop_t],[fd,  crop_t],
                                    [fd,  -crop_b],[-fd, -crop_b]]);
                            Eye(fd);
        }

}
    #bars();
}//END of All Parts

module fasten_direction(dir="Clockwise"){
r=90;
rad=2;
$fn=40;
rotate([0,180,0])
scale([.217,.217,1]){
    //position arrows
    rotate([0,0,-90])
        rotate([0,0,dir=="Clockwise"?0:90])
            mirror([dir=="Clockwise"?1:0,0,0])
                for (i=[0:1]) //make copy
//arrow
                    rotate([0,0,180*i]){
                        linear_extrude(1)
                            rotate([0,0,r])
                                translate([1.7,0,0])
                                    polygon([[-.6,0],[.6,0],[-.06,.8]]);

                        rotate_extrude(angle=r)
                            translate([1.4,0,0])
                                square([.6,1]);
                    }
    //linear_extrude(1, convexity=10)
    //text(dir=="Clockwise"?"CW":"ACW", font="Ariil style:bold", size=.95,halign="center", valign="center");

    //#circle(2);
    }
}
module print_text(lable="", value="", txt_siz=.9, position=0){
space=(bs*txt_siz/2)+((bs-(bs*txt_siz)*2)/6);
    if(Print_On_Back!="Nothing")
        mirror([1,0,0])//face outwar
            translate([position==1 ? space : position==2 ? -space : 0,0,-.1])
                rotate([0,0,-90])
                    linear_extrude(.4)
                        text(str(lable,value),size=bs*txt_siz,font="Arial:style=Bold", halign="center",valign="center",spacing=.9);
}
module Eye(diameter=22){
rotate([90,0,90-rot_fix])
    scale(diameter)
        resize([1,.6363,1])
            translate([-11,-7,-11])//recenter imported gemetry
                if(fix_t=="Eye")
                    import("Eye_Import.stl");
                    else
                        import("Hook_Import.stl");

}
module bars(){
if($preview==true && Show_Bars_in_Preview==true)//preview only, dont render
    for(i=[-3:2])
        translate([0,(bs+bd)*i,0])
            translate([tt+bd/2, bsh+bd/2, -(bs+bd)*3])
                cylinder((bs+bd)*6, d=bd);
}

module mirror_copy(x=0,y=0,z=0){
children();
mirror([x,y,z])
    children();
}

module rotate_copy(x=0,y=0,z=0){
children();
rotate([x,y,z])
    children();
}
module rounded_square(size=1, radius=0, center=false, name="", di=false){
x       = is_num(size)==true ? fix(size) : is_list(size)==true ? fix(size[0]) : 1;
y       = is_num(size)==true ? fix(size) : is_list(size)==true ? fix(size[1]) : 1;
mr      = min(x,y); //maximum radius
mrh     = mr/2;     //maximum radius half
//fix invalid input values for corner radius
radius  = is_num (radius)==true ? [radius,radius,radius,radius,] :
          is_list(radius)==true ?  radius : [0,0,0,0];

rad_0 = fix(radius[0]);
rad_1 = fix(radius[1]);
rad_2 = fix(radius[2]);
rad_3 = fix(radius[3]);

//return 0 if input value is anything except for a posative number
function fix(in, default_out=0)=
    !is_num(in)==true   ?  default_out :
    in<0                ?  0 : in;

//Cap corner radius step 1. Corners can not exseed maximum radius.
bl  = rad_0>mr ? mr : rad_0;
br  = rad_1>mr ? mr : rad_1;
tr  = rad_2>mr ? mr : rad_2;
tl  = rad_3>mr ? mr : rad_3;

//Cap corner radius step 2. Corners can not exseed the side lenth betwwn them and the preveus corner, minus radius of preveus corner.
bl2 = radius[0]>mr ? mr : radius[0];
br2 = br<=x-bl2 ? br : x-bl;
tr2 = tr<=y-br2 ? tr : y-br2;
tl2 = tl<=x-tr2 && tl<=y-bl2 ? tl : min(x-tr2, y-bl2);

//if any of the input radiuses exseed output radiuses capped = true
capped =    rad_0>bl2 ||
            rad_1>br2 ||
            rad_2>tr2 ||
            rad_3>tl2 ? true : false;
//if(bl>bl2) echo("Radius of bottom left corner of rounded

name = name==undef || len(str(name))==0 ? str(" ","unname"," ") : str(" ",name," ");
if(capped==true){
echo(str("WARNING! One or more input radiuses for rounded_square()", name, "exseeds its maximum possible value and has been capped."));
echo(str("Size of rounded_square()", name,"             = ",[x,y]));
echo(str("Input radius of rounded_square()  ", name,"=", radius));
echo(str("Output radius of rounded_square()",  name,"=",[bl2,br2,tr2,tl2]));
echo(str("Corners = [bl, br, tr, tl]"));
}

//show/echo dimentions
if(di==true && capped==false){
echo(str("Size of rounded_square()", name,"             = ",[x,y]));
echo(str("Input radius of rounded_square()  ", name,"=", radius));
echo(str("Output radius of rounded_square()",  name,"=",[bl2,br2,tr2,tl2]));
echo(str("Corners = [bl, br, tr, tl]"));
echo(str("dix_4() = ", div_4(in=$fn)));
echo(str("$fn = ", $fn));
}

                //move to center of square or not
center_point =  center==false || center==0 ? [0,0]              :
                center==true               ? [-x/2, -y/2]       :
                //move to corner
                center=="blc" || center==1 ? [ 0, 0]            :
                center=="brc" || center==2 ? [-x, 0]            :
                center=="trc" || center==3 ? [-x, -y]           :
                center=="tlc" || center==4 ? [-0, -y]           :
                //move to center of corner radius
                center=="blr" || center==5 ? [-bl2, -bl2]       :
                center=="brr" || center==6 ? [-x+br2, -br2]     :
                center=="trr" || center==7 ? [-x+tr2, -y+tr2]   :
                center=="tlr" || center==8 ? [-tl2, -y+tl2]     : [0,0];

color(capped==true?"red":"gold")
translate(center_point)
if(x>0 && y>0){
//hull(){
//tr
color("yellow")
    translate([x-tr2,y-tr2])
            corner(tr2);
//tl
color("green")
    translate([tl2,y-tl2])
        mirror([1,0])
            corner(tl2);
//br
color("blue")
    translate([x-br2,br2])
        mirror([0,1])
            corner(br2);
//bl
color("red")
    translate([bl2,bl2])
        mirror([1,1])
            corner(bl2);

//square - the corners
polygon([   [bl2  , 0    ],
            [x-br2, 0    ],
            [x    , br2  ],
            [x    , y-tr2],
            [x-tr2, y    ],
            [tl2  , y    ],
            [0    , y-tl2],
            [0    , bl2  ]]);
}
module corner(r=0){
    intersection(){
        circle(r,$fn=div_4());
            polygon([[r,0],[r,r],[0,r]]);
    }
}

//only use a number of fragment that is devisable by 4
function div_4(in=$fn)=
    in==undef ? 32 :
    in<=4     ? 4  :
    in%4==0 ? in   : div_4(in+1);
/* rounded_square end*/}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable 3D printer temperature calibration tower in OpenSCAD, similar to the "Smart Compact Temperature Calibration Tower" but with more parametric control. I need a design where I can easily set the starting temperature, ending temperature, temperature step between blocks, and the number of blocks in the tower. I'd also like the option to engrave the temperature on both the front and the back of each block.

The basic block shape should include features like the original, including an overhang test (with stepped angles), a bridge test (with a reduced width), stringing test (including small circular openings and a cone/pillar shape), and some rounded overhangs/surfaces (like the "butt" feature), and a flat base to sit on (the "foot" feature).

Specifically, I need to be able to define these parameters:

*   **`bottom_temp`**: The temperature for the bottom-most block.
*   **`top_temp`**: The target temperature for the top-most block. (If this is not provided, it should default to the bottom temp, creating a tower of a single block with that temperature)
*   **`temp_step`**: The temperature difference between each block in the tower. If not specified, this should be automatically calculated using `top_temp` and the number of levels or defaulting to 5. The code should also handle both positive and negative steps.
*   **`num_levels`**: The number of blocks in the tower. If provided, this should override `top_temp` in terms of setting the number of levels, though it should still be used to help determine the step if `temp_step` is not specified.
*   **`engrave_back`**: A boolean that controls whether to engrave the temperature on the back of the block in addition to the front.

The output should be a single OpenSCAD file, and it shouldn't require any other external files or include libraries. It seems like it should be possible to do this without any external libraries.

Can you design this for me?

[Assistant]
temp_tower_generator.scad:
```
// OpenSCAD file to create a customized 3D printer temperature calibration test tower.
//
// In this file I have created an OpenSCAD facsimile of the individual block component
// shape from gaaZolee's Smart Compact Temperature Calibration Tower on Thingiverse and
// added code to create a customized tower from user input using the Customizer feature
// of OpenSCAD or Thingiverse.
//
// The shape is not an identical copy of gaaZolee's (it is difficult to create organic
// shapes in OpenSCAD), but should be functionally equivalent.
//
// This will only create a 3D object marked with specific temperatures and is unable
// to generate the actual printer code to set/change temperatures. It is up to the
// user to generate/modify the actual temperature settings through their slicer or by
// editing the slicer generated printer code.
//
// Original code created August 12, 2022 by Allan M. Estes
// Posted to Thingiverse August 14, 2022. All rights reserved.

$fn=36;

/*
            tower(BOTTOM[,TOP][,step=STEP][,cnt=CNT][,onback=ONBACK);

        BOTTOM  - Temperature for bottom block of tower
        TOP     - Optional, target temperature for top block
                    (actual temp may vary depending on other args)
        STEP    - Optional, temperature increase/decrease between tower blocks
                    (+/- automatically determined if TOP is given,
                     if STEP is omitted, it is determined by CNT if present,
                     otherwise defaults to 5)
        CNT     - Optional, provides/overrides the count of blocks/levels in tower
                    (provides count if STEP and/or CNT is omitted,
                     overrides TOP if both TOP and STEP are provided)
        ONBACK  -  Optional, defaults true, also engrave temperature on back side
*/

// Temperature for bottom block of tower
BOTTOM = 230;   // [160:0.5:320]
// Optional, target temperature for top block, actual temp may vary depending on other parameters
TOP    = 185;
// Optional, temperature increase/decrease between tower blocks, default determined by other parameters, otherwise 5, +/- automatically determined if TOP is given
STEP   = 0;     // [-15:0.5:15]
// Optional, provides/overrides the count of levels in tower, provides count if STEP and/or CNT is omitted, overrides TOP if both TOP and STEP are provided
CNT    = 0;     // [0:15]
// Select to enable engraving temperature on back side of tower blocks (always engraves on front)
OnBACK = true;

tower(BOTTOM,TOP,step=STEP,cnt=CNT,onback=OnBACK);

module tower(bottom,top=0,step=0,cnt=0,onback=true) {
    // do the magic to figure out optional args
    lvls = (cnt>0?cnt-1:(step!=0&&top>0?abs(bottom-top)/abs(step):top>0?abs(bottom-top)/5:0));
    inc = (step!=0?step:(top==0?-5:round(2*abs(bottom-top)/lvls)/2));
    dir = top>0&&bottom>top?-1:1;

    // this is the cube used as a building block for each tower level
    block = [44.5,10,10];

    // build the level block with all its test features
    for(i=[0:lvls]) translate([0,0,1.4+block.z/2+block.z*i])
        difference() {
            union() {
                translate([3.6/-2,0,0]) cube(block-[3.6,0,0],true);
                butt(block);
            }
            stringing(block);
            number(bottom+i*dir*inc,block,onback);
            chamfers(block);
            overhang(block);
            bridge(block);
    }
    foot(block);
}

// simple foot for the tower
module foot(box) {
    for (i=[-1,1]) //box.x/2+1.5,box.x/2-1.5], y=[-,box.y*1.25])
        hull() {
            translate([i*(box.x/2-1.5),(box.y*1.25)]) cylinder(h=1.4,d=3);
            translate([-i*(box.x/2-1.5),-(box.y*1.25)]) cylinder(h=1.4,d=3);
            translate([box.x/2-5.25,0,0]) cylinder(h=1.4,d=3+box.y*0);
            translate([box.x/-4.2,0,0]) cylinder(h=1.4,d=3+box.y*0);
        }
}

/*
// an unused alternate foot design
module foot(box) {
    difference() {
        hull() for (x=[-box.x/2+1.5,box.x/2-1.5], y=[-box.y*1.25,box.y*1.25])
            translate([x,y]) cylinder(h=1.4,d=3);
        for (x=[-box.x/2,box.x/2]) translate([x,0]) scale([1.1,1,1])
            cylinder(h=1.41,r=box.y*1.25-1.5);
        for (i=[-1,1]) translate([0,i*box.y/2]) scale([1.3,.4,1])
            translate([0,i*16.5]) rotate(i*30) cylinder(h=1.41,r=box.x/2-3,$fn=3);
    }
    hull() {translate([box.x/2-6.2,0,0]) cylinder(h=1.4,d=box.y);
    translate([box.x/-4.2,0,0]) cylinder(h=1.4,d=box.y); }
}
*/

// engrave a number (temperature) on front (and optionally on back) of block
module number(num,box,onback=false) {
    rot = onback ? [0,180] : [0];
    for (a=rot) rotate(a)
    translate([0,box.y/-2+1.5,box.y/-2+.6]) rotate([90,0,0])
        linear_extrude(height=1.51,center=false)
            text(str(num),size=4,halign="center");
}

// put a bevel on front and back edges of block
module chamfers(box) {
    for(a=[0:90:270]) rotate([a,0,0])
        translate([box.x/-2-1,box.y/-2,box.z/-2]) rotate([0,90,0])
            linear_extrude(box.x+2) polygon([[.01,-.01],[-.401,0],[0,.401]]);
}

// the example function cumsum does not work in thingiverse's version of autoSCAD...
// non working code has been commented out and replaced with versions based on function
// addsub (a modified version of an example)

// vector functions taken straight from OpenSCAD cheatsheat/manual
// cumlative sum of vector element
//function cumsum(v) = [for (a = v[0]-v[0], i = 0; i < len(v); a = a+v[i], i = i+1) a+v[i]];
// concatenate two vectors
//function cat(L1, L2) = [for(L=[L1, L2], a=L) a];

function addsub(v,l, i = 0, r = 0) = i < l ? addsub(v,l, i + 1, r + v[i]) : r;

// builds cut block (negative space) used to provide an overhang test
module overhang(box) {
    y=box.y+1;

    // list of angle,length pairs describing sections of overhang
    sects =[[60,4.5],[45,4],[30,3],[25,2]];

    // some magic to create sums since OpenSCAD is not truely itterative
    function xfl(v) = cos(v[0])*v[1];
    function zfl(v) = sin(v[0])*v[1];
    // x and z dimensions for each overhang pair
    //dims = [for (i=[0:len(sects)-1]) [xfl(sects[i]),zfl(sects[i])] ];
    dimsX = [for (i=[0:len(sects)-1]) xfl(sects[i]) ];
    dimsZ = [for (i=[0:len(sects)-1]) zfl(sects[i]) ];
    // sums of dimensions used in stacking/layering overhangs
    //offs = cat([[0,0]],cumsum(dims));
    offsX = [for (i=[0:len(dimsX)]) addsub(dimsX,i) ];
    offsZ = [for (i=[0:len(dimsZ)]) addsub(dimsZ,i) ];

    lc = len(sects);        // layer (overhange) count
    //maxx = offs[lc][0]+1;   // full x dimension to use for all layers
    maxx = offsX[lc]+1;   // full x dimension to use for all layers

    // build up layers of "space" under overhangs connecting angles
    translate([box.x/-2,0,box.z/-2])
        translate([maxx-1,y/2,0]) rotate(180) {
            for (i=[0:lc-1]) {
                //x = maxx-offs[i][0];
                //deg=sects[i][0]; z=dims[i][1];
                //translate([offs[i][0],0,offs[i][1]])
                x = maxx-offsX[i];
                deg=sects[i][0]; z=dimsZ[i];
                translate([offsX[i],0,offsZ[i]])
                difference() {
                    translate([0,0,-.01]) cube([x,y,z+.01]);
                    rotate([0,-deg,0]) translate([0,-.05]) cube([x*2,y+.1,z]);
                }
            }
            translate([maxx-1,0,0]) cube([1,y,box.z+1]);
        }
}

// builds cut block (negative space) used to provide a bridging test
module bridge(box) {
    cut = [30.1,box.y+.01,4.501];    // base shape for overhang opening
    translate([box.x/-2+3.487-.007,box.y/-2-.005,-.302])
        difference() {
            cube(cut);
            // reduce opening to make range of bridging from 2/3 to full width
            translate([0,-.005,0]) rotate(atan(10/15)) translate([-1,.005,-.5])
                cube(cut+[0,0,1]);
            // reduce corner of opening to prevent impinging on overhang test
            translate([0,0,cut.z]) rotate([0,-48,0]) translate([-10,-1,-9])
                cube(10);
        }
}

// builds cut block (negative space) used to provide tests for stringing and
// for vertical circular openings
module stringing(box) {
    myY = box.y+1;
    translate([box.x/-2+38.528,0,.7])
        difference() {
            // the circular openings
            rotate([90,0,0]) {
                translate([0,0]) cylinder(r=3.5,h=myY,center=true);
                translate([0,-3.1]) cylinder(r=2,h=myY,center=true);
            }
            // leave a cone for stringing test and flatten opening floor
            union() {
                translate([0,0,-.87]) cylinder(d1=2.38,d2=0,h=7.71,center=true);
                translate([0,0,-5.21]) cube([2.4,myY,1],true);
            }
        }
}

// creates organic curved shapes to test temperature effects on rounded
// overhangs and surfaces (additave/positive space)
module butt(box) {
    translate([box.x/2-3.6,box.y/2,box.z/-2]) rotate([90,0,0])
        translate([0,box.z/2,0]) difference() {
            hull() {
                translate([-.526,1.4235]) cylinder(h=box.y,r=3.6);
                translate([-.8,.4935]) cylinder(h=box.y,r=4.25);
                translate([.05,2.4935]) cylinder(h=box.y,r=2.5);
                translate([1.61,.0235]) cylinder(h=box.y,r=2);
                translate([-1,-5.0365]) cube([1.15,.25,box.y]);
            }

            translate([0,0,-.05])  {
                translate([3.6/-2,box.z/2,0])cube([3.6,1,box.y+.1]);
                translate([3.6/-2,box.z/-2-1,0])cube([3.6,1,box.y+.1]);
                translate([4.875,-6.0215,0]) cylinder(h=box.y+.1,r=4.9);
                translate([2.53,-2.3765,0]) rotate(43) cube([2,.4,box.y+.1]);
                //translate([2.5,-2.3765,0]) rotate(40) cube([2,.4,box.y+.1]);
                translate([2.38,-2.3755,0]) rotate(36) cube([2,.4,box.y+.1]);
            }
        }
}

/*
// unused orignal negative space version of rounded overhang and surface test
// replaced by positive space version in an attempt to simplify processing
module buttImv(box) {
    hgt=max(box.x,box.y)+1;
    translate([box.x/2-3.6,box.y/2,box.z/-2]) rotate([90,0,0])
        difference() {
            translate([-1,-.5,-.5]) cube([5,hgt,hgt]);

            intersection() {
                translate([-.97,-.5,box.y/2]) rotate([-90,0,0]) cylinder(h=hgt,d=10);

                translate([0,box.z/2,-.5]) difference() {
                    hull() {
                        translate([-.526,1.4235]) cylinder(h=hgt,r=3.6);
                        translate([-.8,.4935]) cylinder(h=hgt,r=4.25);
                        color("red") translate([.05,2.4935]) cylinder(h=hgt,r=2.5);
                        color("blue") translate([1.61,.0235]) cylinder(h=hgt,r=2);
                        translate([-1,-5.0365]) cube([1.15,.25,hgt]);
                    }

                    translate([0,0,-.05])  {
                        translate([4.875,-6.0215,0]) cylinder(h=hgt+.1,r=4.9);
                        translate([2.53,-2.3765,0]) rotate(43) cube([2,.4,hgt+.1]);
                        translate([2.5,-2.3765,0]) rotate(40) cube([2,.4,hgt+.1]);
                        translate([2.38,-2.3755,0]) rotate(36) cube([2,.4,hgt+.1]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
}
*/

```


[User]
I'd like to create a card holder, and I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design that's parametric so I can adjust it easily. Here are the details:

The basic design is a box-like container for cards, with dimensions based on standard playing card sizes but with some padding. I need to be able to set the following: the card width, card length, and the height of the holder. I also want the option for finger notches on the sides to make it easier to grab the cards, and a lid to close the whole thing. I should be able to adjust the radius of the finger notches.

I'm imagining something like the following:

*   **Card Dimensions:** I need to be able to specify the width and length of the cards, and there should be some automatic padding added to those dimensions to give a little wiggle room for the cards. I think 4mm of padding is a good start.
*   **Holder Height:** The height of the holder should be set separately from the card dimensions, with an additional 3mm padding for the walls
*   **Finger Notches:** These are optional, with a user-defined radius. It should generate semi-circular cutouts on each side, and I should be able to turn them off altogether
*   **Lid:** This should be optional and also slightly padded around the same dimensions as the base, perhaps with an 8mm padding instead of 4. It needs to be a matching box shape that fits over the base, with some spacing in between, and include the same cutouts as the base to ensure it snaps together.

I'm thinking of doing it in a single `.scad` file, but it might be cleaner to have a module for each part? I'm also not sure how to best handle the "snapping" parts where the lid fits onto the base. Is it possible to generate these sorts of features parametrically as well? I think that might be a bit more advanced, so maybe for the first version, just have the cutouts on the base and lid fit on top of each other with a little space.

Could you make a modular, well-commented OpenSCAD file (or files) using these requirements? I think the best place to start is with the simplest version, and then add complexity from there. I'm not looking to use any external libraries for this yet.

[Assistant]
cardholder.scad:
```
//Width of the cards in mm
card_width = 63;
//Length of the cards in mm
card_length = 88;
//Height of the deck of cards in mm
holder_height = 10;
//Would you like finger notches?
finger_notches = "yes"; //[yes,no]
//Finger notch radius
finger_notch_radius=8;
//Generate lid?
lid = "yes";//[yes,no]

card_width_adjusted = card_width+4;
card_length_adjusted = card_length+4;
holder_height_adjusted = holder_height+3;
lid_width_adjusted = card_width+8;
lid_length_adjusted = card_length+8;

union() {
    difference() {
        cube([card_width_adjusted,card_length_adjusted,5],center=true);
        if(finger_notches=="yes")
        {
            translate([-card_width_adjusted/2,0,0])
            cylinder(5.01,finger_notch_radius,finger_notch_radius,$fn=150,center=true);
            translate([card_width_adjusted/2,0,0])
            cylinder(5.01,finger_notch_radius,finger_notch_radius,$fn=150,center=true);
            translate([0,-card_length_adjusted/2,0])
            cylinder(5.01,finger_notch_radius,finger_notch_radius,$fn=150,center=true);
            translate([0,card_length_adjusted/2,0])
            cylinder(5.01,finger_notch_radius,finger_notch_radius,$fn=150,center=true);
        }
    }

    //bottom left
    difference() {
        translate([(-card_width_adjusted/2),(-card_length_adjusted/2),2.5])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);
        translate([(-card_width_adjusted/2)+1.6,(-card_length_adjusted/2)+1.6,2.51])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);

    }
    //bottom right
    difference() {
        translate([(card_width_adjusted/2)-10,(-card_length_adjusted/2),2.5])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);
        translate([(card_width_adjusted/2)-11.6,(-card_length_adjusted/2)+1.6,2.51])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);

    }
    //top left
    difference() {
        translate([(-card_width_adjusted/2),(card_length_adjusted/2)-10,2.5])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);
        translate([(-card_width_adjusted/2)+1.6,(card_length_adjusted/2)-11.6,2.51])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);

    }
    //top right
    difference() {
        translate([(card_width_adjusted/2)-10,(card_length_adjusted/2)-10,2.5])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);
        translate([(card_width_adjusted/2)-11.6,(card_length_adjusted/2)-11.6,2.51])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);

    }
}

//lid
if(lid=="yes") {
translate([card_width_adjusted+20,0,0])
union() {
    difference() {
        cube([lid_width_adjusted,lid_length_adjusted,5],center=true);
}

    //bottom left
    difference() {
        translate([(-lid_width_adjusted/2),(-lid_length_adjusted/2),2.5])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);
        translate([(-lid_width_adjusted/2)+1.6,(-lid_length_adjusted/2)+1.6,2.51])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);

    }
    //bottom right
    difference() {
        translate([(lid_width_adjusted/2)-10,(-lid_length_adjusted/2),2.5])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);
        translate([(lid_width_adjusted/2)-11.6,(-lid_length_adjusted/2)+1.6,2.51])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);

    }
    //top left
    difference() {
        translate([(-lid_width_adjusted/2),(lid_length_adjusted/2)-10,2.5])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);
        translate([(-lid_width_adjusted/2)+1.6,(lid_length_adjusted/2)-11.6,2.51])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);

    }
    //top right
    difference() {
        translate([(lid_width_adjusted/2)-10,(lid_length_adjusted/2)-10,2.5])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);
        translate([(lid_width_adjusted/2)-11.6,(lid_length_adjusted/2)-11.6,2.51])
        cube([10,10,holder_height_adjusted+5]);

    }
}
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a custom ring design created in OpenSCAD, and I'd like it to have some text engraved on it. I've got some specific parameters in mind.

The ring itself should be open, not a complete circle, with a configurable gap. I'd like to be able to set the inner radius of the ring, the thickness of the ring, and the openness of the ring (how much of a circle it is, expressed in degrees - like 320 degrees). It'd be cool if there were rounded end caps where the ring opens.

The text should be engraved on the inside of the ring, opposite the gap and also be configurable - and include a rotation parameter. I'd also like to be able to specify font, font size, and the extrusion depth for the text (how much it sticks out from the ring).  I'm thinking it would be good if there was a vertical offset for the text too, so I could tweak the placement on the inner surface of the ring.

Also, could you add a hole in the ring body itself that I can use for mounting, with a configurable diameter? The text engraving should be merged into the ring body.

For the text, I'd like to use the text_on library - as seen here: [https://github.com/brodykenrick/text_on_OpenSCAD](https://github.com/brodykenrick/text_on_OpenSCAD). Please make sure the text_on library is included in the final scad file so it will run out of the box.

Here are some initial values I have in mind for testing:

-   `ring_radius` = 10.01
-   `ring_strength` = 2.01
-   `ring_text` = "TEST TEXT"
-   `text_font` = "Noto Sans"
-   `font_size` = 2.1
-   `hole_diameter` = `ring_strength`/3
-   `text_vertical_offset` = -0.25
-   `degree_segment` = 320
-   `text_rotation` = 0
-   `text_extrusion_ratio` = 1.3
-   `squish_factor` = 2

It would be great if these were all customizable parameters. Let me know if you need any other info!

[Assistant]
ring_v3.scad:
```
/* [User parameters] */

// inner radius of the ring
ring_radius=10.01;  // [8:30]

// ring thickness
ring_strength=2.01;  // [1:0.1:5.0]

// text
ring_text = "TEST TEXT";

// text font
text_font="Noto Sans";  //[Arial, Abril Fatface,Aclonica,Acme,Advent Pro,Akronim,Aladin,Alegreya,Alegreya Sans,Alegreya SC,Alex Brush,Alfa Slab One,Alice,Amaranth,Architects Daughter,Archivo Black,Archivo Narrow,Arimo,Arvo,Asap,Astloch,Asul,Averia Libre,Averia Serif Libre,Bangers,Basic,Belgrano,Berkshire Swash,Bigshot One,Bilbo Swash Caps,Black Ops One,Bonbon,Bowlby One SC,Brawler,Bubblegum Sans,Butterfly Kids,Cabin Condensed,Caesar Dressing,Cagliostro,Calligraffitti,Capriola,Carter One,Changa One,Chango,Chelsea Market,Cherry Cream Soda,Chewy,Chicle,Chivo,Clicker Script,Coming Soon,Concert One,Condiment,Cookie,Courgette,Covered By Your Grace,Crimson Text,Dancing Script,DejaVu Sans,DejaVu Serif,Dhurjati,Doppio One,Dosis,Droid Sans,Eagle Lake,Electrolize,Emilys Candy,Encode Sans,Encode Sans Compressed,Euphoria Script,Exo,Exo 2,Faster One,Federo,Finger Paint,Fjord One,Fontdiner Swanky,Freckle Face,Fruktur,Gabriela,Geo,Germania One,Give You Glory,Gloria Hallelujah,Goudy Bookletter 1911,Graduate,Grand Hotel,Great Vibes,Griffy,Hanalei Fill,Happy Monkey,Henny Penny,Hind,IM Fell English SC,Indie Flower,Irish Grover,Italianno,Jacques Francois Shadow,Jolly Lodger,Josefin Slab,Joti One,Judson,Just Another Hand,Kalam,Kameron,Karma,Kavoon,Knewave,Kranky,Kristi,Laila,Lakki Reddy,Lancelot,Lato,Leckerli One,Ledger,Lekton,Lemon One,Liberation Sans,Libre Caslon Text,Life Savers,Lilita One,Lily Script One,Limelight,Lobster,Lobster Two,Londrina Outline,Londrina Shadow,Londrina Solid,Lora,Love Ya Like A Sister,Loved by the King,Lovers Quarrel,Luckiest Guy,Lusitana,Macondo,Macondo Swash Caps,Mako,Marck Script,Margarine,Marko One,Maven Pro,McLaren,MedievalSharp,Merienda One,Merriweather,Mervale Script,Metal Mania,Metrophobic,Milonga,Miltonian Tattoo,Miss Fajardose,Molle,Montez,Montserrat,Mr De Haviland,Mystery Quest,Neucha,New Rocker,Niconne,Nosifer,Nothing You Could Do,Noto Sans,Noto Serif,Nova Square,Nunito,Old Standard TT,Oleo Script,Oleo Script Swash Caps,Orbitron,Oregano,Orienta,Original Surfer,Oswald,Over the Rainbow,Overlock,Oxygen,Pacifico,Paprika,Parisienne,Patrick Hand SC,Paytone One,Peralta,Permanent Marker,Piedra,Pirata One,Play,Playball,Poetsen One,Poppins,Press Start 2P,Princess Sofia,PT Mono,Qwigley,Racing Sans One,Raleway,Rancho,Ranga,Ribeye,Roboto,Roboto Condensed,Roboto Slab,Rochester,Rock Salt,Rubik One,Sail,Salsa,Sansita One,Sarina,Satisfy,Schoolbell,Seaweed Script,Sevillana,Shadows Into Light,Shadows Into Light Two,Share,Six Caps,Skranji,Source Sans Pro,Spicy Rice,Stardos Stencil,Stoke,Syncopate,Teko,Terminal Dosis,The Girl Next Door,Tillana,Timmana,Titillium Web,Ubuntu,Ultra,Underdog,UnifrakturCook,UnifrakturMaguntia,Vampiro One,Vidaloka,Viga,Voces,Volkhov,Vollkorn,Voltaire,Waiting for the Sunrise,Wallpoet,Wellfleet,Wendy One,Yellowtail,Yesteryear,Zeyada]

// font size
font_size=2.1; // [1.0:3.0]
 // TODO: could be coupled with character limit (e.g 3 => max 20, 2 => max 30

/* [Manufacturing parameters] */
hole_diameter=ring_strength/3+0; // diameter of hole in ring body for mounting

// depending on the font a different vertical offset is needed to let characters touch the ring
text_vertical_offset=-0.25; // [-3:0.05:3]

// openness of the ring (360=closed
degree_segment = 320;  // [180:340]

// additional text rotation (0=centered)
text_rotation=0; // [-180:180]

// thickness of the extruded text (2 = half ring with)
text_extrusion_ratio = 1.3; // [1:0.1:4]

text_extrusion_height=ring_strength/text_extrusion_ratio;

squish_factor = 2+0; // ring is squished by this factor // TODO: not generalized, has to stay at 2 for the time being

/* calculated parameters */
cap_rot=(360-degree_segment )/2; // rotation of end_caps
text_radius=(ring_radius-font_size/2)-text_vertical_offset; // font is middle valigned, add constant to let it always touch the ring
center_body_zrot=(180-degree_segment)/2; // rotation from the ring gap center to ring end

/* scad parameters */
//$fa = 0.03; // minimal angle
$fn=37+0; // mesh detail

module ring_shape() {
  // positioned base shape of the ring (used for extrusion
    translate([ring_radius + ring_strength/2, 0, 0])
    scale([1,squish_factor])
    union() {
        circle(r=ring_strength/squish_factor);
        translate([ring_strength/2,0,0])circle(r=ring_strength/4);
    }
}

module cap() {
    // single end cap translated to the ring radius
    scale([1,1,squish_factor])
    translate([0,ring_radius+ring_strength/squish_factor,0])
    union(){
    sphere(r=ring_strength/squish_factor);
    translate([0,ring_strength/2,0]) sphere(r=ring_strength/4);
    }
}

module ring_body() {
    rotate_extrude(angle = degree_segment)
    ring_shape();
}

module hole() {
    rotate([0,0,-cap_rot-5])
    translate([0,ring_radius+ring_strength/2,0])
    rotate([90,0,0])
    union() {
        cylinder(h=ring_strength*2,r=hole_diameter,center=true);

    }
}

yrot = -90-(180-degree_segment/2);
//rotate([90,yrot,0]) // nice preview rotation
rotate([0, 0,0])
{
difference() {
    union() { // combine ring body with end caps
        rotate([0,0,center_body_zrot+180])
        ring_body();
        rotate([0,0,cap_rot])
        cap();
        rotate([0,0,-cap_rot])
        cap();
        text_on_circle(t=ring_text,r=text_radius,ccw=true, rotate=text_rotation, extrusion_height=text_extrusion_height, size=font_size,font=text_font);
    }
        // push a hole in the body
        hole();
}
}

// END ---------------------

/* text on scad library inlined for thingiverse customization */
/*  text on ....
    This is a rework of version 3 of write.scad to use the new OpenSCAD internal text() primitive.
    All credit to Harlan Martin (harlan@sutlog.com) for his great effort on the original.
    Great thanks to t-paul (and the OpenSCAD dev team) on adding the new text() primitive.
*/

/*
The arguments to be provided for each function are explictly in the modules.

All modules take close to all the arguments to text() [Not all features are supported in all text_on_object() modules though -- try them out warnings will be given if it is not supported]

text() params:
t
size
spacing
font
direction -- ltr, ttb, btt or rtl
language
script
halign -- left, right or center
valign -- baseline, bottom, top or center

All modules also take the additional arguments:
extrusion_height = depth of the letter, i.e. how far it sits proud
rotate
center //center the text at the location it is being written (NOT that the object is centered)

ALL faux-objects that the text is applied to have center=true
TODO: object_center=true/false (already done for cylinder)

The above arguemnts can be seen in text_extrude() as all modules call that module evetually (often multiple times).

locn_vector -- Where the faux-object has been translated to. TODO: Rename object to translate_vector?

Additional arguments for text_on_cube():

Additional arguments for text_on_cylinder():

Additional arguments for text_on_circle():

Additional arguments for text_on_sphere():

*/

// These control the default values for text_extrude(), text_on_sphere(), text_on_cube(), text_on_cylinder(), text_on_circle()
// if the arguments are not included in the call to the module.

// Defaults
// Defaults for all modules
default_t = "text_on";
default_size = 4; // TODO - Can we make this 10?? To match internal size? There is an underlying value in text() -- This masks that.
default_font = "Liberation Mono";
default_spacing = 1; // Spacing between characters. There is an underlying value in text() -- This masks that. We try and match it here.
default_rotate = 0; // text rotation (clockwise)
default_center = true; //Text-centering
default_scale = [1,1,1];
default_extrusion_height = 2; //mm letter extrusion height
default_buffer_width = 0; //mm of buffer (thickening in all directions) to add to each letter

//Defaults for Cube
default_cube_face = "front"; // default face (top,bottom,left,right,back,front)
default_sphere_rounded = false; // default for rounded letters on text_on_sphere
default_cube_updown = 0; // mm up (-down) from center on face of cube
default_cube_rightleft = 0; // mm right(-left) from center on face of cube

//Defaults for Sphere
default_sphere_northsouth = 0;
default_sphere_eastwest = 0;
default_sphere_spin = 0; // TODO:Different to rotate? or up/down. Better name?

//Defaults for Cylinder (including circle as it is on top/bottom)
default_circle_middle = 0; // (mm toward middle of circle)
default_circle_ccw = false; // write on top or bottom in a ccw direction
default_circle_eastwest = 0;
default_cylinder_face = "side";
default_cylinder_updown = 0;

// Internal values - don't play with these :)
// This is much more accurate than the PI constant internal to Openscad.
internal_pi = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209;
internal_pi2 = internal_pi * 2;

// Internal values - You might want to play with these if you are using a proportional font
internal_space_fudge = 0.80; // Fudge for working out lengths (widths) of strings

debug = true;

// ---- Helper Functions ----
// String width (length from left to right or RTL) in OpenSCAD units
// NOTE: These are innacurate because we don't know the real spacing of the chars and so have to approximate
// They work for monospaced (fixed-width) fonts well
function width_of_text_char(size, spacing) = size * internal_space_fudge * spacing;
function width_of_text_string_num_length(length, size, spacing) = width_of_text_char(size, spacing) * length;
function width_of_text_string(t, size, spacing) = width_of_text_string_num_length(len(t), size, spacing);

function cylinder_center_adjusted_top(height, center) = (center == true) ? height / 2 : height;
function cylinder_center_adjusted_bottom(height, center) = (center == true) ? height / 2 : 0;

//Angle that measures width of letters on perimeter of a circle (and sphere and cylinder)
function rotation_for_character(size, spacing, r, rotate = 0) = (width_of_text_char( size, spacing ) / (internal_pi2 * r)) * 360 * (1 - abs(rotate) / 90);

//Rotate 1/2 width of text if centering
//One less -- if we have a single char we are already centred..
function rotation_for_center_text_string(t, size, spacing, r, rotate, center) = (center) ? (width_of_text_string_num_length(len(t) - 1, size, spacing) / 2 / (internal_pi2 * r) * 360) : 0;

//Rotate according to rotate and if centred text also 1/2 width of text
function rotation_for_center_text_string_and_rotate(t, size, spacing,r,rotate,center) = ((center) ? (width_of_text_string(t, size, spacing) / 2 / (internal_pi2 * r) * 360) : 1) * (1 - abs(rotate) / 90);

module text_on_circle(t = default_t,
                      //Object-specific
                      locn_vec = [0, 0, 0],
                      r,
                      eastwest = default_circle_eastwest,
                      middle = default_circle_middle,
                      ccw = default_circle_ccw,

                      //All objects
                      extrusion_height = default_extrusion_height,
                      rotate = default_rotate,
                      center = default_center,

                      //All objects -- arguments as for text()
                      font = undef,
                      size = default_size,
                      direction = undef,
                      halign = undef,
                      valign = undef,
                      language = undef,
                      script = undef,
                      spacing = default_spacing,
                      buffer_width = default_buffer_width) {
//    echo (str("text_on_circle:","There are " ,len(t) ," letters in t" , t));
//    echo (str("text_on_circle:","rotate=" , rotate));
//    echo (str("text_on_circle:","eastwest=" , eastwest));

    if((halign != undef) || (halign != undef)) {
        echo(str("text_on_circle:","WARNING " , "halign and valign are NOT supported."));
    }

    ccw_sign = (ccw == true) ? 1 : -1;
    rtl_sign = (direction == "rtl") ? -1 : 1;
    ttb_btt_inaction = (direction == "ttb" || direction == "btt") ? 0 : 1;
    rotate_z_outer = -rotate + ccw_sign * eastwest;
    rotate_z_inner = -rtl_sign * ccw_sign * ttb_btt_inaction * rotation_for_center_text_string(t, size, spacing, r-middle, rotate, center);
    rotate(rotate_z_outer, [0, 0, 1] )
    rotate(rotate_z_inner, [0, 0, 1] )
    translate(locn_vec)
    for(l = [0 : len(t) - 1]) {
        //TTB/BTT means no per letter rotation
        rotate_z_inner2 = -ccw_sign * 90 + ttb_btt_inaction * rtl_sign * ccw_sign * l * rotation_for_character(size, spacing, r - middle, rotate = 0);   //Bottom out=-270+r
        //TTB means we go toward center, BTT means away
        vert_x_offset = (direction == "ttb" || direction == "btt") ? (l * size * ((direction == "btt") ? -1 : 1)) : 0;
        rotate(rotate_z_inner2, [0, 0, 1])
        translate([r - middle - vert_x_offset, 0, 0])
        rotate(-ccw_sign * 270, [0, 0, 1]) // flip text (botom out = -270)
        text_extrude(t[l],
                center = true,
                font = font,
                size = size,
                rotate = undef,
                spacing = spacing,
                direction = undef, //We don't pass direction ( misaligns inside text() ). TODO: Investigate why
                language = language,
                script = script,
                halign = halign,
                valign = valign,
                extrusion_height = extrusion_height,
                buffer_width = buffer_width);
    }
}

function default_if_undef(val, default_val) = (val != undef) ? val : default_val;

// Print a single character or a string at the desired extrusion height
// Passes on values to text() that are passed in
// TODO: Add x,y,z rotations get text facing the right way from the start)
module text_extrude( t = default_t,
                     extrusion_height = default_extrusion_height,
                     center = default_center, // Fudgy. YMMV. // TODO:center_extrusion, or extrusion offset??
                     rotate = default_rotate,
                     scale = default_scale, // For scaling by different on axes (for widening etc)
                     // Following are test() params (in addition to t=)
                     font = default_font,
                     size = default_size,
                     direction = undef,
                     halign  = undef,
                     valign = undef,
                     language = undef,
                     script = undef,
                     spacing = default_spacing,
                     buffer_width = default_buffer_width) {
    //echo (str("text_extrude:","There are " ,len(t) ," letters in text" , t));
    //echo (str("text_extrude:","extrusion_height=" , extrusion_height));

    if(center == true) {
        if((halign != undef) || (valign != undef)) {
            echo(str("text_extrude:","WARNING " , "When center is true, then halign and valign are NOT supported."));
        }
    }

    // As arguments are explicitly set as undef (from higher functions) as they come down (they don't get defaults in this function as they are set as something)
    // we need to check and replace any that we don't want to be undef
    t = default_if_undef(t, default_t);
    font = default_if_undef(font, default_font);
    extrusion_height = default_if_undef(extrusion_height, default_extrusion_height);
    center = default_if_undef(center, default_center);
    rotate = default_if_undef(rotate, default_rotate);
    spacing = default_if_undef(spacing, default_spacing);
    size = default_if_undef(size, default_size);

    halign = (center) ? "center" : halign ;
    valign = (center) ? "center" : valign ;
    extrusion_center = (center) ? true : false ;

    scale(scale)
    rotate(rotate, [0, 0, -1]) //TODO: Do we want to make this so that the entire vector can be set?
    linear_extrude(height = extrusion_height, convexity = 10, center = extrusion_center)
    offset(delta = buffer_width)
    text(text = t,
            size = size,
            $fn = 40,
            font = font,
            direction = direction,
            spacing = spacing,
            halign = halign,
            valign = valign,
            language = language,
            script = script);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a tool for making FG knots, similar to the one in the YouTube video, but I need it to be a bit more customizable and generated with OpenSCAD. I've seen a similar design online, but I want to create my own version with more flexibility and without reliance on an existing design.

The core idea is to have a handle with two ends, each having two grooves that can hold four o-rings (18mm diameter and 2.5mm thick in the original design, but I want to be able to change this). The o-rings are used to hold the fishing line during the knot-tying process. The original design also includes an optional YouTube link printed onto the handle, which I would like to also have in my model. The basic form is a bar, with an overall length that I'd like to control, and rounded ends that also house the O-ring grooves.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I'd like to be able to adjust:

*   **O-Ring Diameter:** The inner diameter of the o-rings (default is 18mm).
*   **O-Ring Thickness:** The thickness or cross-section of the o-rings (default is 2.5mm).
*   **Handle Thickness:** The thickness of the handle material itself (default is 5mm).
*   **Handle Length:** The overall length of the handle (default is 80mm).
*   **URL Display (Boolean):** A flag to turn the YouTube link display on or off (default is on).
*   **Optional Groove Height:** An additional height for creating extra winding area, if desired (default is 0).
*  **Font selection:** For the youtube URL text.

I'd like the OpenSCAD code to be parametric, so I can easily modify any of these values and regenerate the model. I think it's easiest to use `rotate_extrude` to create the main body of the handle, so that the design can be changed more easily.

Could you create the OpenSCAD files for this project, using the parameters outlined above? I don't have a preference on how many files are used, but I think one file would be sufficient. Thanks!

[Assistant]
fgknot.scad:
```

// preview[view:south west]

// rubber ring diameter
diameter = 18.; //[18.0, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.7, 18.8, 18.9, 19.0, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, 19.8, 19.9, 20.0, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5, 20.6, 20.7, 20.8, 20.9, 21.0, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, 21.6, 21.7, 21.8, 21.9, 22.0, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.4, 22.5, 22.6, 22.7, 22.8, 22.9, 23.0, 23.1, 23.2, 23.3, 23.4, 23.5, 23.6, 23.7, 23.8, 23.9,  24.0]

// thickness of the rubber ring
thickness = 2.5; // [2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0]

// print url of youtube video
with_url = 1; // [1:yes, 0:no]

// thickness of the handle
dicke = 5; // [4:0.5:8]

// length of the handle
dist = 80; // [70:0.5:150]

// height for additional winding area
rille=0; // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 100;
$fa = 1.0;
$fs = 0.1;

rad = dist*0.87;
d_phase=0.65*thickness;
center = sqrt(rad*rad - (dist*0.5)*(dist*0.5));

union(){
/*
 * handle
 */
color("lightblue")
difference(){

    translate([0, sqrt(dist*0.87*dist*0.87 - (dist*0.5)*(dist*0.5))-1.5*dicke-diameter*0.42+5.0, 0])
    rotate([0,0,-90+dist*0.87*0.5])
    rotate_extrude(convexity = $fn)
    translate([dist*0.87-1.5*dicke, 0, 0])
    square([1.9*dicke, dicke]);

    translate([dist*0.51, 0, -1])
    cylinder(h=dicke+2, r = diameter*0.5);

    translate([dist*0.87, -dist*0.33, -dist*0.87])
    rotate([0,0,45])
    cube(dist*2);

    translate([-dist*0.87, -dist*0.33, -dist*0.87])
    rotate([0,0,45])
    cube(dist*2);

    translate([dist*0.51, 0, -1])
    cylinder(h=dicke+2, r = diameter*0.5);

    translate([-dist*0.51, 0, -1])
    cylinder(h=dicke+2, r = diameter*0.5);
}

/*
 optional youtube url
 */
if (with_url){
    word = "youtu.be/O7vTdDgxce4";
    translate([0, center-13.5, dicke])
    for (r = [0:len(word)]){
            rotate([0,0,r*3.1-121])
            translate([rad-4, 0, 0])
            rotate([0,0,90])
            color("black")
            linear_extrude(height = 0.5) {
            text(text = word[r], font="Courier", size = 5);
         }
    }
}

/*
 * handle with optional youtube url
 */
color("lightblue")
for (a =[0:1]){
    translate([dist*0.51 - 1.02*a*dist, 0, 0])
    rotate_extrude(convexity = $fn)
        difference(){

        // helpvars
        xo = 0.25*diameter + thickness;
        xi = 0.25*diameter;
        y = dicke+thickness*2.6+d_phase+rille;

        // creacte rect
        translate([xi, 0, 0])
        square([xo, y], 0);

        // remove rings
        translate([0.5*(diameter+thickness), dicke+rille+d_phase+1.5*thickness, 0])
        circle(r = thickness*0.5-0.00);
        translate([0.5*(diameter+thickness), dicke+rille+d_phase+0.5*thickness, 0])
        circle(r = thickness*0.5-0.00);

        // remove inside upper bevel
        translate([xi, y, 0])
        rotate([0,0,45])
        square(0.3, center=true);

        // remove outside upper bevel
        translate([xo+xi, dicke+rille+d_phase+2.6*thickness, 0])
        rotate([0,0,45])
        square(0.3, center=true);

        // remove between the rings
        translate([xo+xi, dicke+rille+d_phase+1.0*thickness, 0])
        square(thickness*1.2, center=true);

        // remove upper bevel
        translate([xo+xi+0.1, dicke+rille+d_phase+0.1, 0])
        rotate([0,0,45])
        square(thickness, center=true);

        // remove lower bevel
        translate([xo+xi, dicke+rille+d_phase+2.0*thickness-0.02, 0])
        rotate([0,0,45])
        square(0.572*thickness, center=true);

        // remove additional groove
        if (rille){
            echo ("mit Rille");
            translate([xo+xi, dicke, 0])
            polygon(points = [[-0.5,rille-0.5],[0.1,rille],[0.1,rille],[0.1,0],[-0.5,0.5]]);
        }
    }
}
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to generate some custom fishing rod clips, and I'd like to be able to control quite a few parameters. I've got two basic clip designs in mind, and I'd like to be able to generate them individually or together.

Here's what I'm thinking for each clip:

*   **Clip Type:** I need to specify if I want to generate just the "upper" clip, just the "lower" clip, or both.
*   **Rod Diameters:** Each clip will have two different rod diameters that it needs to grip. I'll need to be able to set these independently for each clip, so `left_diameter_upper_clip` and `right_diameter_upper_clip` for the upper clip, and `left_diameter_lower_clip` and `right_diameter_lower_clip` for the lower clip. These are all in millimeters.
*   **Label:** I'd like to be able to put a text label on each clip to identify it, like `label_upper_clip` and `label_lower_clip`.
*   **Clip Height:** I need to be able to set the overall height of each clip independently using `height_upper_clip` and `height_lower_clip`.
*   **Rod Distance:** The clips need to grip two rods, and I'll need to specify the minimum distance between their centers using `distance_upper_clip` and `distance_lower_clip`. The code should probably calculate a safe minimum if the value I provide is too small.
*   **Top Marker:** I would like a small cylindrical marker on top of each clip so I know which way is up, controlled with  `enable_topmarker_upper_clip` and `enable_topmarker_lower_clip` (1 for on, 0 for off).

And then there are some underlying parameters that should be tweakable:
*   **Wall Width**: `breite_der_wandlinien`
*   **Opening Angle**: `oeffungswinkel`
*   **General Rendering:** `$fn`, `$fa`, and `$fs`

I'd like the clips to have rounded edges using the minkowski sum with a circle, and I need to calculate the connection between the two rods automatically so it curves smoothly between them.

I'd like to be able to specify the clip type using a variable that would take the values "first" (for upper), "second" (for lower), or "both".

Could you generate this as a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files) for me?

[Assistant]
rod_clip.scad:
```
// preview[view:south west]

// Which one would you like to see?
part = "both"; // [first:upperClip Only,second:lowerClip Only,both:upperClip and lowerClip]

/* [upperClip] */
// diameter of the right rod part in mm
left_diameter_upper_clip = 13.0;
// diameter of the right rod part in mm
right_diameter_upper_clip = 12.0;
// text to identifiy your clip
label_upper_clip = "upper";
// the height of the clip (should be at least the length of the label)
height_upper_clip = 26.0;
// distance between rod parts (will be calculated if too small)
distance_upper_clip = 2.0;
// generate little marker on top of the clip
enable_topmarker_upper_clip = 1; // [1:yes, 0:no]

/* [lowerClip] */
// diameter of the right rod part in mm
left_diameter_lower_clip = 4.0;
// diameter of the right rod part in mm
right_diameter_lower_clip = 18.0;
// text to identifiy your clip
label_lower_clip = "lower";
// the height of the clip (should be at least the length of the label)
height_lower_clip = 26.0;
// distance between rod parts (will be calculated if too small)
distance_lower_clip = 2.0;
// generate little marker on top of the clip
enable_topmarker_lower_clip = 1; // [1:yes, 0:no]

/* [Hidden] */
preview_tab = "";
/* [Hidden] */
$fn=50;
/* [Hidden] */
$fa = 1.0;
/* [Hidden] */
$fs = 0.1;

/* [Hidden] */
$breite_der_wandlinien = 0.4;
/* [Hidden] */
$oeffungswinkel = 55;
print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "first") {
		upper_clip();
	} else if (part == "second") {
		lower_clip();
	} else if (part == "both") {
		both();
	} else {
		both();
	}
}

module both() {
	translate([-30, 0, 0])
    upper_clip();
	translate([30, 0, 0])
    lower_clip();
}

module upper_clip() {
	highlight("upperClip")
    clip( right_diameter_upper_clip, left_diameter_upper_clip, distance_upper_clip, height_upper_clip,
    label_upper_clip, enable_topmarker_upper_clip);
}

module lower_clip() {
	highlight("lowerClip")
    clip( right_diameter_lower_clip, left_diameter_lower_clip, distance_lower_clip, height_lower_clip, label_lower_clip, enable_topmarker_lower_clip);
}

module highlight(this_tab) {
  if (preview_tab == this_tab) {
    //color("red")
    children(0);
  } else {
    //color("red")
    children(0);
  }
}

function cat(L1, L2) = [for(L=[L1, L2], a=L) a];
module clip( di1, di2, abstand2, hoehe, textle, marker_on_top){

    $GRAD2RAD = 3.14159265359 / 180.0;
    $RAD2GRAD = 180 / 3.14159265359;

    abstand = max(abstand2, di1*0.5+di2*0.5 + 5.);
    dicke_minkowski = 0.5;
    ri1 = 0.5*di1 + 0.1 + dicke_minkowski;
    ri2 = 0.5*di2 + 0.1 + dicke_minkowski;
    dicke1 = (round(ri1/5.)+2)*$breite_der_wandlinien;
    dicke2 = (round(ri2/5.)+2)*$breite_der_wandlinien;
    ra1 = ri1 - dicke_minkowski + dicke1;
    ra2 = ri2 - dicke_minkowski + dicke2;

    // winkel der Kreistangente
    wt = round(tan(((ra2 - ra1) / abstand)*$RAD2GRAD)*$RAD2GRAD);
    wa = 180 - wt;
    winkel_innen=[$oeffungswinkel:360-$oeffungswinkel];
    winkel_auss1=[$oeffungswinkel:wa];
    winkel_auss2=[wa:360-$oeffungswinkel];

    // wir rechnen eine kreisformige linie zwischen den beiden punkten aus
    x1 = ra2*cos($oeffungswinkel );
    y1 = ra2*-sin($oeffungswinkel )+abstand;
    x2 = ra1*cos(360-$oeffungswinkel );
    y2 = ra1*-sin(360-$oeffungswinkel );
    r = sqrt(pow(x1 - x2, 2) + pow(y1 - y2, 2));
    vy = 0.5*(y1-y2);
    vx = 0.5*(x1-x2);
    mittel_y = y2+vy-sqrt(3)*vx;
    mittel_x = x2+vx+sqrt(3)*vy;
    wt2 = atan2(x1-x2, y1-y2);
    // kreisformige linie
    w= [ for (th=[-30-wt2: 30-wt2]) [-r*cos(th)+ mittel_x, -r*sin(th)+mittel_y] ];
    // gerade
    x = [[x1, y1],[x2, y2]];

    coo_i1=[ for (th=winkel_innen) [ri1*cos(th), ri1*sin(th)] ];
    coo_a1=[ for (th=winkel_auss1) [ra1*cos(th), ra1*-sin(th)] ];
    coo_i2=[ for (th=winkel_innen) [ri2*cos(th), ri2*sin(th)+abstand] ];
    coo_a2=[ for (th=winkel_auss2) [ra2*cos(th), ra2*-sin(th)+abstand] ];

    center_x = 0.5*(ra1+ra2)*cos(wa);
    center_y = 0.5*(ra1+ra2)*-sin(wa)+0.5*abstand;

    linear_extrude(hoehe)
    rotate([0,0,-wt])
    translate([-center_x, -center_y, 0])
    minkowski(){
        if (abs(wt2) > 30){
            polygon(cat(cat(cat(coo_i1, coo_a1), coo_a2), cat(cat(coo_i2, x))));
        }else{
            polygon(cat(cat(cat(coo_i1, coo_a1), coo_a2), cat(cat(coo_i2, w))));
        }
        circle(dicke_minkowski);
    }

    translate([-0.2,-2.5,0.7])
    rotate([90,-90,-90])
    linear_extrude(1)
    text(textle, size=5);

    // marker fuer top
    if (marker_on_top){
        translate([1, 0, hoehe])
        cylinder(1, center=true);
    }
}
```


[User]
I need a design for a guitar neck support, something I can 3D print. It should have a flat base with a raised support section to hold the guitar neck. Here are the dimensions I'm thinking of, and I'd like the design to be fully parametric:

**Base:**

*   Width and Length should be calculated based on the support width, length, and a margin.
*   Height: 5 mm
*   Rounded edges: 3 mm radius

**Neck Support:**

*   Width: Should be a little wider than the guitar neck itself, say the neck width plus a margin on each side.
*   Length: 50 mm
*   Height: the distance from the ground to the neck, plus the neck height times a flatness factor, plus a margin
*   Cutout for the Neck:
    *   Width: a bit wider than the guitar neck, and this should scale with the neck margin
    *   Height: The height of the neck times the flatness factor, plus a margin
    *   Shape: It should be a curved cutout that cups the neck. The bottom of the cutout should have a slight arc instead of being flat.
    *   Round edges where the cutout meets the vertical part of the support: 17.5 mm radius.
*   Distance from the base to the bottom of the cutout: 45 mm

**Other Parameters:**

*   Neck Width: 60 mm
*   Neck Height: 25 mm
*   Margin around the base: 10 mm
*   Margin around the neck support: 7 mm
*   Flatness factor for the cutout (x axis): 0.7 (this scales the height)
*   Flatness factor for the cutout (y axis): 0.8 (this curves the bottom)
*   Cutouts for material saving: I'd like to have optional arc shaped cutouts in the support to save on filament.
    *   The percentage width of the arc cutouts (default): 70%

I'd like to be able to enable or disable the arc cutouts, so it should be a boolean parameter.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files for this design, making sure it's fully parametric so I can easily tweak the dimensions and the cutouts? I prefer smooth curves, so please use `$fa` and `$fs` settings for higher resolution curves, but also use `$fn` for a preview.

[Assistant]
guitar-neck-support.scad:
```
// Width of the additional rim around the base
base_margin=10;

// The height of the base
base_height=5;

// Radius of base edges
base_round_rad=3;

// Width of the gutar's neck
neck_width=60;

// Thickness / height of the neck
neck_height=25;

// Radius of the edge below the guitar's neck
neck_round_rad=17.5;

// Height of the support
neck_to_ground=45;

// Additional margin to the support's height and width
neck_margin=7;

// Scales the height of the cut-out for the neck: Hmin = flatness * neck_height
cutout_flatness_x=0.7;
// Add slight sin-shaped arc to the bottom of the cut-out for the neck
cutout_flatness_y=0.8;

// The lenght of the neck support
support_lenght=50;

// Create some cutouts in the support to save the filament [0:false, 1:true]
enable_arc_cutouts=1;

// % Width of the arc shaped cut-out
arc_coef=70;

// The width of the support
support_width=neck_width+2*neck_margin;

// The height of the support
support_height=neck_height*cutout_flatness_x+neck_to_ground+neck_margin;

/* [Hidden] */
// Higher definition curves
$fa=0.01;
$fs=0.01;
// Comment for preview
$fn=128;

guitar_neck_support(base_margin=base_margin, base_height=base_height, base_round_rad=base_round_rad, neck_width=neck_width, neck_height=neck_height, neck_round_rad=neck_round_rad, neck_to_ground=neck_to_ground, neck_margin=neck_margin, cutout_flatness_x=cutout_flatness_x, cutout_flatness_y=cutout_flatness_y, support_lenght=support_lenght, enable_arc_cutouts=enable_arc_cutouts, arc_coef=arc_coef);

module guitar_neck_support(base_margin=10, base_height=5, base_round_rad=3, neck_width=60, neck_height=25, neck_round_rad=17.5, neck_to_ground=60, neck_margin=7, cutout_flatness_x=0.8, cutout_flatness_y=0.8, support_lenght=50, enable_arc_cutouts=1, arc_coef=70) {

    // Base
    translate([-base_margin, -base_margin, 0])
    roundedcube([support_width+2*base_margin, support_lenght+2*base_margin, base_height], radius=base_round_rad, apply_to="z");

    difference() {
        cutout_width=neck_width*(1+0.5*neck_margin/neck_width);
        cutout_height=neck_height*cutout_flatness_x+neck_margin;
        // Support
        roundedcube([support_width, support_lenght, support_height], radius=base_round_rad, apply_to="y");

        // Cutout for the neck
        neck_cutout(neck_to_ground=neck_to_ground, neck_margin=neck_margin, neck_round_rad=neck_round_rad, support_lenght=support_lenght, cutout_width=cutout_width, cutout_height=cutout_height, support_width=support_width, cutout_flatness_x=cutout_flatness_x, cutout_flatness_y=cutout_flatness_y, resn=11);

        // Cutouts to use less material
        if(enable_arc_cutouts!=0) {
            arc_rad=(support_width/2)*(arc_coef/100);
            rotate(a=[-90,0,0])
            translate([support_width/2,0,0])
            scale([1.0,neck_to_ground/(1.25*arc_rad),1.0])
            cylinder(h=support_lenght, r=arc_rad);

            arc2_rad=(support_lenght/2)*(arc_coef/100);
            rotate(a=[-90,0,90])
            translate([support_lenght/2,0,-support_width])
            scale([1.0,neck_to_ground/(1.25*arc2_rad),1.0])
            cylinder(h=support_width, r=arc2_rad);
        }
    }

    module neck_cutout(neck_to_ground=60, neck_margin=7, neck_round_rad=17.5, support_lenght=50, cutout_width=75, cutout_height=30, support_width=75, cutout_flatness_x=0.7, cutout_flatness_y=0.8, resn=10, eps=0.0000001) {
        translate([neck_margin*0.75, support_lenght/2, neck_to_ground])
        rotate(a=[90,0,0])
        translate([0,cutout_height,0])
        copy_mirror(vec=[0,0,1])
        translate([0,0,-support_width/2])
        // n - use layer height*2 to not to have too many parts, yet to give high resolution
        // feel free to alter it
        nonlin_scale_linear_extrude(height=support_width/2, convexity=10, twist=0, scale_s=[1,1], scale_e=[1,cutout_flatness_y], n=resn)
        translate([cutout_width/2,-cutout_height])
        difference() {
            offset_h=1/cos(atan2(cutout_flatness_x, 1));
            polygon(points=[[0,0], [cutout_width/2,cutout_height+eps], [-cutout_width/2,cutout_height+eps]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
            translate([0,neck_round_rad*(offset_h-1),0])
            translate([0,-neck_round_rad*(sqrt(2)/2),0])
            difference() {
                square(2*neck_round_rad, center=true);
                translate([0,neck_round_rad*(1+sqrt(2)/2),0])
                circle(r=neck_round_rad);
            }
        }
    }

    // Divides children into n segments and nonlinearly changes scale with sine
    module nonlin_scale_linear_extrude(height=1, convexity=10, twist=0, scale_s=[1,1], scale_e=[1,1], n=10) {
        seg_height = height/(n+1);
        scale_diff = scale_e - scale_s;

        for (i = [0 : n]) {
            //scale_beg = scale_s + scale_diff * i / n;
            //scale_end = scale_beg + scale_diff / n;
            coeff_s = sin(i/(n+1) * 90);
            coeff_e = sin((i+1)/(n+1) * 90);
            scale_beg = scale_s + scale_diff * coeff_s;
            scale_end = scale_s + scale_diff * coeff_e;

            scale_rat = [scale_end.x / scale_beg.x, scale_end.y / scale_beg.y];

            translate([0, 0, seg_height*i])
            scale(scale_beg)
            linear_extrude(height=seg_height, convexity=convexity, twist=twist, scale=scale_rat) children();
        }
    }
    // https://forum.openscad.org/Wish-mirror-copy-true-td10681.html
    module copy_mirror(vec=[0,1,0]) {
        children();
        mirror(vec) children();
    }

    // https://danielupshaw.com/openscad-rounded-corners/
    module roundedcube(size = [1, 1, 1], center = false, radius = 0.5, apply_to = "all") {
        // If single value, convert to [x, y, z] vector
        size = (size[0] == undef) ? [size, size, size] : size;

        translate_min = radius;
        translate_xmax = size[0] - radius;
        translate_ymax = size[1] - radius;
        translate_zmax = size[2] - radius;

        diameter = radius * 2;

        module build_point(type = "sphere", rotate = [0, 0, 0]) {
            if (type == "sphere") {
                sphere(r = radius);
            } else if (type == "cylinder") {
                rotate(a = rotate)
                cylinder(h = diameter, r = radius, center = true);
            }
        }

        obj_translate = (center == false) ?
            [0, 0, 0] : [
                -(size[0] / 2),
                -(size[1] / 2),
                -(size[2] / 2)
            ];

        translate(v = obj_translate) {
            hull() {
                for (translate_x = [translate_min, translate_xmax]) {
                    x_at = (translate_x == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";
                    for (translate_y = [translate_min, translate_ymax]) {
                        y_at = (translate_y == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";
                        for (translate_z = [translate_min, translate_zmax]) {
                            z_at = (translate_z == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";

                            translate(v = [translate_x, translate_y, translate_z])
                            if (
                                (apply_to == "all") ||
                                (apply_to == "xmin" && x_at == "min") || (apply_to == "xmax" && x_at == "max") ||
                                (apply_to == "ymin" && y_at == "min") || (apply_to == "ymax" && y_at == "max") ||
                                (apply_to == "zmin" && z_at == "min") || (apply_to == "zmax" && z_at == "max")
                            ) {
                                build_point("sphere");
                            } else {
                                rotate =
                                    (apply_to == "xmin" || apply_to == "xmax" || apply_to == "x") ? [0, 90, 0] : (
                                    (apply_to == "ymin" || apply_to == "ymax" || apply_to == "y") ? [90, 90, 0] :
                                    [0, 0, 0]
                                );
                                build_point("cylinder", rotate);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a guitar neck support for my workbench, and I'd like to design it using OpenSCAD. I need it to be parametric so I can adjust the dimensions for different guitars. The basic design will be a base with a cutout on top to cradle the guitar neck.

Here's what I have in mind:

*   **Base:**
    *   A rectangular base with rounded edges on the top and bottom.
    *   I need to be able to specify the width and length of the base, the height of the base, and the radius of the rounded corners.
    *   There should be a margin around the main support part.

*   **Main Support:**
    *   A rectangular support sitting on top of the base.
    *   I need to set the height, length, and width of the support independently.
    *   The base should be centered underneath this support.
    *   The edges on the support should be rounded.

*   **Neck Cutout:**
    *   A curved cutout in the top of the support to hold the guitar neck.
    *   The cutout should have a flat bottom, but with a slight 'sin'-shaped arc to match the curve of a typical guitar neck.
    *  I need to control how 'flat' the bottom is, so a parameter for the vertical compression to control the flatness.
    *  I need a parameter to control the depth of the sin-shaped curve.
    *   I need to be able to adjust the width and the height of this cutout.
    *  The 'corners' of the cutout should be rounded, and I need to be able to set the radius of this round.
    *  The cutout should be created using `rotate_extrude()` for better render times than linear extrusion.
    *   I'd also like the option to add some arc-shaped cutouts within the main support to reduce material use. I should be able to enable or disable these and change the scale and number of them.

*   **General:**
    *   I'd like to be able to set a global `$fn` variable to control the curve resolution.
    *   All dimensions should be configurable through parameters at the top of the file.

Could you create the OpenSCAD files for this? I don't have any existing code to provide. I'm also not using any external libraries.

[Assistant]
guitar-neck-support-fast.scad:
```
// Width of the additional rim around the base
base_margin=10;

// The height of the base
base_height=5;

// Radius of base edges
base_round_rad=3;

// Width of the gutar's neck
neck_width=60;

// Thickness / height of the neck
neck_height=25;

// Radius of the edge below the guitar's neck
neck_round_rad=17.5;

// Height of the support
neck_to_ground=45;

// Additional margin to the support's height and width
neck_margin=7;

// Scales the height of the cut-out for the neck: Hmin = flatness * neck_height
cutout_flatness_x=0.7;

// Add slight sin-shaped arc to the bottom of the cut-out for the neck
cutout_flatness_y=0.8;

// The length of the neck support
support_length=50;

// Create some cutouts in the support to save the filament [0:false, 1:true]
enable_arc_cutouts=1;

// % Width of the arc shaped cut-out
arc_coef=70;

// The width of the neck support
support_width=neck_width+2*neck_margin;

// The height of the neck support
support_height=neck_height*cutout_flatness_x+neck_to_ground+neck_margin;

/* [Hidden] */
// Higher definition curves
$fa=0.01;
$fs=0.01;
// Comment for preview
$fn=128;

guitar_neck_support(base_margin=base_margin, base_height=base_height, base_round_rad=base_round_rad, neck_width=neck_width, neck_height=neck_height, neck_round_rad=neck_round_rad, neck_to_ground=neck_to_ground, neck_margin=neck_margin, cutout_flatness_x=cutout_flatness_x, cutout_flatness_y=cutout_flatness_y, support_length=support_length, enable_arc_cutouts=enable_arc_cutouts, arc_coef=arc_coef);

module guitar_neck_support(base_margin=10, base_height=5, base_round_rad=3, neck_width=60, neck_height=25, neck_round_rad=17.5, neck_to_ground=60, neck_margin=7, cutout_flatness_x=0.8, cutout_flatness_y=0.8, support_length=50, enable_arc_cutouts=1, arc_coef=70) {

    // Base
    translate([-base_margin, -base_margin, 0])
    roundedcube([support_width+2*base_margin, support_length+2*base_margin, base_height], radius=base_round_rad, apply_to="z");

    difference() {
        cutout_width=neck_width*(1+0.5*neck_margin/neck_width);
        cutout_height=neck_height*cutout_flatness_x+neck_margin;
        // Support
        roundedcube([support_width, support_length, support_height], radius=base_round_rad, apply_to="y");

        // Cutout for the neck
        neck_cutout(neck_to_ground=neck_to_ground, neck_margin=neck_margin, neck_round_rad=neck_round_rad, support_length=support_length, cutout_width=cutout_width, cutout_height=cutout_height, support_width=support_width, cutout_flatness_x=cutout_flatness_x, cutout_flatness_y=cutout_flatness_y, resn=10);

        // Cutouts to use less material
        if(enable_arc_cutouts!=0) {
            arc_rad=(support_width/2)*(arc_coef/100);
            rotate(a=[-90,0,0])
            translate([support_width/2,0,0])
            scale([1.0,neck_to_ground/(1.25*arc_rad),1.0])
            cylinder(h=support_length, r=arc_rad);

            arc2_rad=(support_length/2)*(arc_coef/100);
            rotate(a=[-90,0,90])
            translate([support_length/2,0,-support_width])
            scale([1.0,neck_to_ground/(1.25*arc2_rad),1.0])
            cylinder(h=support_width, r=arc2_rad);
        }
    }

    module neck_cutout(neck_to_ground=60, neck_margin=7, neck_round_rad=17.5, support_length=50, cutout_width=75, cutout_height=30, support_width=75, cutout_flatness_x=0.7, cutout_flatness_y=0.8, resn=5) {

        dh=cutout_height*(1-cutout_flatness_y);
        R=pow(support_width,2)/(8*dh) + dh/2;
        alfa=acos( 1 - pow(support_width,2)/(2*pow(R,2)) );
        offset_h_coeff_circ=1/cos(atan2(cutout_flatness_x, 1));
        offset_h_coeff_tri=1/cos(atan2(2*cutout_height,cutout_width));

        translate([support_width/2,cutout_width/2-neck_margin,neck_to_ground+dh])
        translate([0,0,-R])
        rotate(a=[alfa/2,0,0])
        rotate(a=[90,90,-90])
        rotate_extrude(angle=alfa,convexity=10)
        rotate(a=[0,0,90])
        // Move the cutout slice a radius (R) away form origin
        translate([0,R,0])
        // Upscale it a bit
        scale([2-cos(alfa/2),1+sin(alfa/2),1])
        // Move difference's shape's tip to the (0,0)
        translate([0,-neck_round_rad*(offset_h_coeff_tri-1),0])
        difference() {
            color("red")
            polygon(points=[[0,0], [cutout_width/2,cutout_height], [-cutout_width/2,cutout_height]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
            translate([0,neck_round_rad*(offset_h_coeff_tri-1),0])
            // Move top of arc to (0,0)
            translate([0,-neck_round_rad*(1/offset_h_coeff_circ),0])
            difference() {
                square(2*neck_round_rad, center=true);
                translate([0,neck_round_rad*(1+1/offset_h_coeff_circ),0])
                // *1.0015 = Fix the nasty line where circle should be tangent
                circle(r=neck_round_rad*1.0015);
            }
        }
    }

    // Divides children into n segments and nonlinearly changes scale with sine
    module nonlin_scale_linear_extrude(height=1, convexity=10, twist=0, scale_s=[1,1], scale_e=[1,1], n=10) {
        seg_height = height/(n+1);
        scale_diff = scale_e - scale_s;

        for (i = [0 : n]) {
            //scale_beg = scale_s + scale_diff * i / n;
            //scale_end = scale_beg + scale_diff / n;
            coeff_s = sin(i/(n+1) * 90);
            coeff_e = sin((i+1)/(n+1) * 90);
            scale_beg = scale_s + scale_diff * coeff_s;
            scale_end = scale_s + scale_diff * coeff_e;

            scale_rat = [scale_end.x / scale_beg.x, scale_end.y / scale_beg.y];

            translate([0, 0, seg_height*i])
            scale(scale_beg)
            linear_extrude(height=seg_height, convexity=convexity, twist=twist, scale=scale_rat) children();
        }
    }
    // https://forum.openscad.org/Wish-mirror-copy-true-td10681.html
    module copy_mirror(vec=[0,1,0]) {
        children();
        mirror(vec) children();
    }

    // https://danielupshaw.com/openscad-rounded-corners/
    module roundedcube(size = [1, 1, 1], center = false, radius = 0.5, apply_to = "all") {
        // If single value, convert to [x, y, z] vector
        size = (size[0] == undef) ? [size, size, size] : size;

        translate_min = radius;
        translate_xmax = size[0] - radius;
        translate_ymax = size[1] - radius;
        translate_zmax = size[2] - radius;

        diameter = radius * 2;

        module build_point(type = "sphere", rotate = [0, 0, 0]) {
            if (type == "sphere") {
                sphere(r = radius);
            } else if (type == "cylinder") {
                rotate(a = rotate)
                cylinder(h = diameter, r = radius, center = true);
            }
        }

        obj_translate = (center == false) ?
            [0, 0, 0] : [
                -(size[0] / 2),
                -(size[1] / 2),
                -(size[2] / 2)
            ];

        translate(v = obj_translate) {
            hull() {
                for (translate_x = [translate_min, translate_xmax]) {
                    x_at = (translate_x == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";
                    for (translate_y = [translate_min, translate_ymax]) {
                        y_at = (translate_y == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";
                        for (translate_z = [translate_min, translate_zmax]) {
                            z_at = (translate_z == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";

                            translate(v = [translate_x, translate_y, translate_z])
                            if (
                                (apply_to == "all") ||
                                (apply_to == "xmin" && x_at == "min") || (apply_to == "xmax" && x_at == "max") ||
                                (apply_to == "ymin" && y_at == "min") || (apply_to == "ymax" && y_at == "max") ||
                                (apply_to == "zmin" && z_at == "min") || (apply_to == "zmax" && z_at == "max")
                            ) {
                                build_point("sphere");
                            } else {
                                rotate =
                                    (apply_to == "xmin" || apply_to == "xmax" || apply_to == "x") ? [0, 90, 0] : (
                                    (apply_to == "ymin" || apply_to == "ymax" || apply_to == "y") ? [90, 90, 0] :
                                    [0, 0, 0]
                                );
                                build_point("cylinder", rotate);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a customizable miniature storage tray, inspired by the one at https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2869872. I want to be able to adjust the dimensions and layout to fit different teams of miniatures. I'm primarily planning to use it for Blood Bowl 2nd edition miniatures, which are 28mm scale, but I want to be able to adjust it for other models.

The basic structure should be a grid of hexagonal slots for miniatures, surrounded by a solid base with optional endcaps that can be used for nameplates. I need parameters to control the number of rows and columns, the size of the hexagonal slots, and the overall height and thickness of the base.

Specifically, I'd like these parameters exposed:

*   `rows`: Number of rows of hexagonal slots.
*   `columns`: Number of columns of hexagonal slots.
*   `miniSize`: The overall width of the space for a miniature in each slot (which may be larger than the actual miniature base itself to allow some leeway).
*   `hexRadius`: The radius of the hexagonal cutout in each slot.
*   `topSize`: The width of the top of the slot, narrowing slightly towards the base (think the inverted shape of the top of a "bucket").
*   `edgeSize`: The thickness of the walls between slots, and the base edge.
*  `baseHeight`: The height of the base section.
*  `totalHeight`: The total height of the slot (base + wall).
*   `nameplateWidth`: The width of the optional nameplate section on the side.

I envision that each slot will be constructed from a polygon, creating a sloped sided "bucket" with a hexagonal hole in the bottom for the base of a miniature. These individual slots would then be arranged into a grid, creating the main storage area. Then there should be solid base and at least one solid end section for a nameplate.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for this? No additional libraries should be required for this, I believe, as the basic primitives can handle this.

[Assistant]
MiniHolder.scad:
```
rows = 5; // [1:12]
columns = 4; // [1:12]
miniSize = 26; // [20:100]
hexRadius = 10; // [10:50]
topSize = 24; // [20:100]
edgeSize = 2; // [1:10]
baseHeight = 3; // [1:10]
totalHeight = 6; // [1:10]
nameplateWidth = 20; // [1:50]

module Segment() {
    bottomY = 0;
    leftX = 0;
    rightX = miniSize + 2 * edgeSize;
    rotate([90,180,90]) {
      linear_extrude(miniSize) {
        polygon(points = [
               [leftX, bottomY],
               [rightX, bottomY],
               [rightX, totalHeight],
               [rightX - edgeSize - (miniSize - topSize)/2, totalHeight],
               [rightX - edgeSize, bottomY + baseHeight],
               [leftX + edgeSize, bottomY + baseHeight],
               [leftX + edgeSize + (miniSize - topSize)/2, totalHeight],
               [leftX, totalHeight],
               [leftX, bottomY]]);
           }
       };
};

module SlottedSegment() {
  rightX = miniSize + 2 * edgeSize;

  difference() {
    Segment();
    translate([miniSize/2,-rightX/2, -totalHeight]) cylinder(h = totalHeight*2, r1=hexRadius, r2=hexRadius, $fn=6);
  };
};

module MiniGrid() {
    for(y=[0:rows-1]) {
        for(x=[0:columns-1]) {
            translate([x*miniSize, -y*(miniSize+2*edgeSize), 0]) SlottedSegment();
        }
    }
}

module MiniTray() {
    endstopWidth = edgeSize;
    yextent = (miniSize + 2*edgeSize)*rows;
    xextent = endstopWidth + miniSize  * columns;
    ytransform = (miniSize + 2*edgeSize)*(rows-1);
    union() {
        translate([0,0, 0]) rotate([90,180,90]) cube([yextent, totalHeight, endstopWidth]);
        translate([endstopWidth, 0, 0]) MiniGrid();
        translate([xextent,0,0]) rotate([90,180,90]) cube([yextent, baseHeight, nameplateWidth]);
    };
}

rotate([180,0,0]) MiniTray();

```