[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a set of customizable braille keyboard covers, and I need your help generating the OpenSCAD files. I want them to be parametric, so I can easily adjust things like the size of the keys, the braille dots, and the overall layout.

I've seen a few existing designs that do something similar, and I have some specific requirements, so I'll describe what I'm going for. I'd like to use a few libraries, but I'm not sure what you can use so please tell me if you run into problems with those.

First, I need the design to create individual key covers, each with a braille character on it. I want to be able to select sets of characters: the alphabet, numbers (with the number sign), symbols, function keys, command keys, and even a set of Swedish characters (å, ä, and ö). I want to select these via a dropdown box in the customizer - so all, alphabetic, numeric, symbols, functions, commands, or swedish.

The key covers themselves should have a rectangular base with rounded corners. I need to be able to control the size of the key (a single dimension, since they are square), the thickness of the base, and the corner radius.

The braille dots should be raised, and I need to control their size, height, and spacing according to standard braille specifications. I want to be able to choose between spherical and cylindrical dots, as well. So, I should be able to change the scale of the braille pattern using a multiplier. In addition to scaling the entire pattern up, the individual dot height, size, and depth should be adjustable separately.

Specifically for the braille, I need to be able to control:
*   Horizontal dot-to-dot spacing.
*   Vertical dot-to-dot spacing.
*   Spacing from one braille cell to another.
*   Spacing between cells with a single space between.
*   Line spacing.
*   Raised dot height.
*   Dot size.

The basic layout is based around a 2x3 braille cell, but I also need to support two characters side by side for some of the keys. The keys should be spaced out in a grid, with the spacing being a user adjustable parameter.

I'm going to need these parameters:

*   **quality_numerical_slider:**  For the polygon quality (i.e., `$fn`).
*   **setSelection_drop_down_box:**  To choose the character set ("all", "alphabetic", "numeric", "symbols", "functions", "commands", or "swedish").
*   **baseHeight_text_box:** The thickness of the base of the key cover in mm.
*   **keySize_text_box:** The length of the side of the square key cover in mm.
*   **cornerRadius_text_box:** The radius of the rounded corners in mm. Minimum of 2.2.
*   **brailleScale_text_box:**  A multiplier to scale the entire braille pattern.
*   **dotType_drop_down_box:**  To choose between "sphere" and "cylinder" for the braille dots.
*  **tileSpacing_numerical_slider:** For spacing the key covers apart.

I think it would be helpful to have a function that draws the rounded rectangle baseplate, and functions to place a single braille dot with the correct size, height, and shape. And then modules to display single and double braille characters. I also want to display labels for the different sections (e.g., "alphabet," "numbers," etc.) for reference when generating the covers.

Finally, I need the code to include a matrix of all the braille letters, numbers, symbols, function, command and Swedish keys. I'm not sure what library has these but I've seen it in existing code so I know that it exists.

For libraries I'd like to use (if possible):

-   MCAD for potential 2D functionality like text.
-   BOSL for potentially some of the more complex shaping if necessary.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for me? I'd like at least two files: one for all the core logic, and a second for the customizer.

[Assistant]
braille_keyboard_covers-3.0.0.scad:
```
// THINGIVERSE VARIABLES

// Polygon quality slider (less is faster)
quality_numerical_slider = 10;// [10:21]

// Select set
setSelection_drop_down_box = "all";// [all,alphabetic,numeric,symbols,functions,commands,swedish]

// Thickness of the bottom base in mm
baseHeight_text_box = 0.4;

// Key Size in mm
keySize_text_box = 9.5;

// Key corner rounding radius in mm (min 2.2)
cornerRadius_text_box = 2.2;

// Braille scale Multiplier
brailleScale_text_box = 1;

// DotType
dotType_drop_down_box = "sphere";// [sphere, cylinder]

// Tile Spacing
tileSpacing_numerical_slider = 2;// [0:10]

// Regular OpenSCAD Variables
$fn = quality_numerical_slider;// Quality
baseHeight = baseHeight_text_box;// Base Height mm
keySize = keySize_text_box;// Base Size mm^2
cornerRadius = cornerRadius_text_box;// How round to make the corners?
scaleBraille = brailleScale_text_box;
dotType = dotType_drop_down_box;
tileSpacing = tileSpacing_numerical_slider;
setSelection = setSelection_drop_down_box;

// Braille medical standards
std_a = 2.5 * scaleBraille;// Horzontal dot to dot
std_b = 2.5 * scaleBraille;// vertical dot to dot
std_c = 6 * scaleBraille;// from cell to cell
std_d = 2.5 * scaleBraille;// from cell to cell with single space between
std_e = 10 * scaleBraille;// line spacing
std_f = 0.3 * scaleBraille;// raised Height
std_g = 1.4 * scaleBraille;// Dot Size

// Dot Size Multiplier
dotRadius = 0.7;
// How much to raise the braille mm
dotDepth = 1;

_0 = [0, 0, 0];
_1 = [dotDepth / 2, dotRadius / 0.5, dotRadius * 0.3];
_2 = [dotDepth, dotRadius, 0];

blank = [_0, _0, _0, _0, _0, _0];// Selecting per dot settings above
//    1  2  3  4  5  6
a = [_2, _1, _1, _1, _1, _1];
b = [_2, _2, _1, _1, _1, _1];
c = [_2, _1, _1, _2, _1, _1];
d = [_2, _1, _1, _2, _2, _1];
e = [_2, _1, _1, _1, _2, _1];
f = [_2, _2, _1, _2, _1, _1];
g = [_2, _2, _1, _2, _2, _1];
h = [_2, _2, _1, _1, _2, _1];
i = [_1, _2, _1, _2, _1, _1];
j = [_1, _2, _1, _2, _2, _1];
k = [_2, _1, _2, _1, _1, _1];
l = [_2, _2, _2, _1, _1, _1];
m = [_2, _1, _2, _2, _1, _1];
n = [_2, _1, _2, _2, _2, _1];
o = [_2, _1, _2, _1, _2, _1];
p = [_2, _2, _2, _2, _1, _1];
q = [_2, _2, _2, _2, _2, _1];
r = [_2, _2, _2, _1, _2, _1];
s = [_1, _2, _2, _2, _1, _1];
t = [_1, _2, _2, _2, _2, _1];
u = [_2, _1, _2, _1, _1, _2];
v = [_2, _2, _2, _1, _1, _2];
w = [_1, _2, _1, _2, _2, _2];
x = [_2, _1, _2, _2, _1, _2];
y = [_2, _1, _2, _2, _2, _2];
z = [_2, _1, _2, _1, _2, _2];
//     1  2  3  4  5  6
numbersign = [_1, _1, _2, _2, _2, _2];
n1 = [_2, _1, _1, _1, _1, _1];
n2 = [_2, _2, _1, _1, _1, _1];
n3 = [_2, _1, _1, _2, _1, _1];
n4 = [_2, _1, _1, _2, _2, _1];
n5 = [_2, _1, _1, _1, _2, _1];
n6 = [_2, _2, _1, _2, _1, _1];
n7 = [_2, _2, _1, _2, _2, _1];
n8 = [_2, _2, _1, _1, _2, _1];
n9 = [_1, _2, _1, _2, _1, _1];
n0 = [_1, _2, _1, _2, _2, _1];

// Special Keys
//           1  2  3  4  5  6
period = [_1, _1, _2, _1, _1, _1];// .
comma = [_1, _2, _1, _1, _1, _1];// ,
semi = [_1, _2, _2, _1, _1, _1];// ;
colon = [_1, _2, _1, _1, _2, _1];// :
bracket1 = [_1, _2, _2, _1, _2, _2];// (
bracket2 = [_1, _2, _2, _1, _2, _2];// )
minus = [_1, _1, _2, _1, _1, _2];// -
fslash = [_1, _1, _2, _2, _1, _1];// /
numPoint = [_1, _2, _1, _1, _1, _1];// 0.0
letter = [_1, _1, _1, _1, _2, _2];// letter
accented = [_1, _1, _1, _2, _1, _1];// accented letter

// Requested Swedish Keys
angstrom = [_2, _1, _1, _1, _1, _2];// å
twodota = [_1, _1, _2, _2, _2, _1];// ä
twodoto = [_1, _2, _2, _1, _1, _1];// ö;

swedish = [angstrom, twodota, twodoto];

alphabet = [a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z];

numbers = [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n7, n8, n9, n0];

symbols = [period, comma, semi, colon, bracket1, bracket2, minus, fslash];

controlKey = [c, t];
altKey = [a, l];
cmdKey = [c, m];
spacebar = [s, b];
shiftKey = [s, h];
capslock = [c, l];
up = [u, p];
down = [d, n];
left = [l, t];
right = [r, t];
returnKey = [r, n];
esc = [e, s];
tab = [t, b];
tilde = [t, i];
backspace = [b, k];
del = [d, l];

commands = [controlKey, altKey, cmdKey, spacebar, shiftKey, capslock, up, down, left, right, returnKey, esc, tab, tilde, backspace, del];

module drawTile(symbol, xOffset, yOffset){
  translate([(xOffset * (keySize + tileSpacing)), -yOffset * (keySize + tileSpacing), 0]){
    backplate();
    intersection(){
      Char_display_single(symbol);
      translate([0, 0, -baseHeight / 100])scale([1, 1, 10 * scaleBraille])backplate();
    }

  }
}

module drawDoubleTile(symbol1, symbol2, xOffset = 0, yOffset = 0){
  translate([(xOffset * (keySize + tileSpacing)), -yOffset * (keySize + tileSpacing), 0]){
    backplate();
    intersection(){
      Char_display_standard2(symbol1, symbol2);
      translate([0, 0, -baseHeight / 100])scale([1, 1, 10 * scaleBraille])backplate();
    }

  }
}

// Display at position 0 if not rendering 'all' tile sets
function yPositionModifier(nonAllPos) = setSelection == "all"?nonAllPos:0;

module backplate(){
  translate([cornerRadius, cornerRadius, 0]){
    minkowski(){
      wtf = keySize - cornerRadius * 2;
      cube(size = [wtf, wtf, 0.1]);
      cylinder(h = baseHeight, r = cornerRadius);
    }
  }
}

module placeDot(placeX, placeY, dotSize, dotHeight){
  translate([placeX, placeY, baseHeight]){
    if(dotType == "sphere"){
      sphere(r = dotRadius * scaleBraille / dotSize);
    }else{
      cylinder(r = dotRadius * scaleBraille / dotSize);
    }

  }
}

module Char_display_single(glyph1){
  for(i = [0:2]){
    placeDot(((keySize / 2) - ((std_a) * 0.5)) + glyph1[i][2],
      ((keySize * 0.5) + ((std_a)) - i * (std_a)) - glyph1[i][2],
      glyph1[i][1],
      glyph1[i][1]);
  }
  for(i = [3:5]){
    placeDot(((keySize / 2) + ((std_a) * 0.5)) + glyph1[i][2],
      ((keySize * 0.5) + ((std_a)) - (i - 3) * (std_a)) - glyph1[i][2],
      glyph1[i][1],
      glyph1[i][1]);
  }
}

module Char_display_standard2(glyph1, glyph2){
  for(i = [0:2]){
    placeDot(((keySize / 2) - (std_a * 1.5)) + glyph1[i][2], ((keySize * 0.5) + (std_a) - i * std_a) - glyph1[i][2], glyph1[i][1], glyph1[i][1]);
  }
  for(i = [3:5]){
    placeDot(((keySize / 2) - (std_a * 0.5)) + glyph1[i][2], ((keySize * 0.5) + (std_a) - (i - 3) * std_a) - glyph1[i][2], glyph1[i][1], glyph1[i][1]);
  }
  for(i = [0:2]){
    placeDot(((keySize / 2) + (std_a) * 0.5) + glyph2[i][2], ((keySize * 0.5) + (std_a) - i * std_a) - glyph2[i][2], glyph2[i][1], glyph2[i][1]);
  }
  for(i = [3:5]){
    placeDot(((keySize / 2) + (std_a) * 1.5) + glyph2[i][2], ((keySize * 0.5) + (std_a) - (i - 3) * std_a) - glyph2[i][2], glyph2[i][1], glyph2[i][1]);
  }
}

// Render a Label for the row
module renderLabel(yPos, info){
  if($preview){
    translate([-40, -(yPos * (keySize + tileSpacing) - 5 / 2)]){
      text(info, size = 5);
    }
  }
}

// DRAW LETTERS
if(setSelection == "alphabetic" || setSelection == "all"){
  renderLabel(0, "alphabet");
  for(i = [0:10]){
    drawTile(alphabet[i], i, 0);
  }
  for(i = [11:21]){
    drawTile(alphabet[i], i - 11, 1);
  }
  for(i = [22:25]){
    drawTile(alphabet[i], i - 22, 2);
  }
}

// DRAW NUMBERS
if(setSelection == "numeric" || setSelection == "all"){
  renderLabel(yPositionModifier(3), "numbers");
  for(i = [0:len(numbers) - 1]){
    drawDoubleTile(numbersign, numbers[i], i, yPositionModifier(3));
  }
}

// DRAW SYMBOL KEYS
if(setSelection == "symbols" || setSelection == "all"){
  renderLabel(yPositionModifier(4), "symbols");
  for(i = [0:len(symbols) - 1]){
    drawTile(symbols[i], i, yPositionModifier(4));
  }
}

// DRAW FUNCTION KEYS
if(setSelection == "functions" || setSelection == "all"){
  renderLabel(yPositionModifier(5), "functions");
  for(i = [0:len(numbers) - 1]){
    drawDoubleTile(f, numbers[i], i, yPositionModifier(5));
  }
}

// DRAW COMMAND KEYS
if(setSelection == "commands" || setSelection == "all"){
  renderLabel(yPositionModifier(6), "commands");
  for(i = [0:len(commands) - 1]){
    drawDoubleTile(commands[i][0], commands[i][1], i, yPositionModifier(6));
  }
}

// DRAW SWEDISH KEYS
if(setSelection == "swedish" || setSelection == "all"){
  renderLabel(yPositionModifier(7), "swedish");
  for(i = [0:len(swedish) - 1]){
    drawTile(swedish[i], i, yPositionModifier(7));
  }
}
```
CUSTOMIZER_v2.4.scad:
```
// THINGIVERSE VARIABLES
// Polygon quality slider (less is faster)
quality_numerical_slider=15; // [10:20]
//Select sets
text_drop_down_box = "all"; // [all,alphabetic,numeric,symbols,functions,commands,swedish]
// Thickness of the bottom base in mm
baseHeight_text_box = 0.4;
// Key Size in mm
keySize_text_box = 9.5;
// Key corner rounding radius in mm (min 2.2)
cornerRadius_text_box = 2.2;
// Braille scale Multiplier
brailleScale_text_box = 1;

$fn=quality_numerical_slider;                   // Quality
baseHeight=baseHeight_text_box;           //Base Height mm
keySize=keySize_text_box;               //Base Size mm^2
cornerRadius = cornerRadius_text_box;         // How round to make the corners?
scaleBraille = brailleScale_text_box;

// Braille medical standards
std_a = 2.5*scaleBraille;    // Horzontal dot to dot
std_b = 2.5*scaleBraille;    // vertical dot to dot
std_c = 6*scaleBraille;      // from cell to cell
std_d = 2.5*scaleBraille;    // from cell to cell with single space between
std_e = 10*scaleBraille;     // line spacing
std_f = 0.3*scaleBraille;    // raised Height
std_g = 1.4*scaleBraille;    // Dot Size

dotRadius = .7;          // Dot Size Multiplier
dotDepth = 1;// How much to raise the braille mm
_0=[0,0,0];     // Per dot | Depth, Size, Offset
_1 = [dotDepth/2,dotRadius/.5,dotRadius*.3];
_2 = [dotDepth,dotRadius,0];

blank = [_0,_0,_0,_0,_0,_0];        // Selecting per dot settings above
//    1  2  3  4  5  6
a = [_2,_1,_1,_1,_1,_1];
b = [_2,_2,_1,_1,_1,_1];
c = [_2,_1,_1,_2,_1,_1];
d = [_2,_1,_1,_2,_2,_1];
e = [_2,_1,_1,_1,_2,_1];
f = [_2,_2,_1,_2,_1,_1];
g = [_2,_2,_1,_2,_2,_1];
h = [_2,_2,_1,_1,_2,_1];
i = [_1,_2,_1,_2,_1,_1];
j = [_1,_2,_1,_2,_2,_1];
k = [_2,_1,_2,_1,_1,_1];
l = [_2,_2,_2,_1,_1,_1];
m = [_2,_1,_2,_2,_1,_1];
n = [_2,_1,_2,_2,_2,_1];
o = [_2,_1,_2,_1,_2,_1];
p = [_2,_2,_2,_2,_1,_1];
q = [_2,_2,_2,_2,_2,_1];
r = [_2,_2,_2,_1,_2,_1];
s = [_1,_2,_2,_2,_1,_1];
t = [_1,_2,_2,_2,_2,_1];
u = [_2,_1,_2,_1,_1,_2];
v = [_2,_2,_2,_1,_1,_2];
w = [_1,_2,_1,_2,_2,_2];
x = [_2,_1,_2,_2,_1,_2];
y = [_2,_1,_2,_2,_2,_2];
z = [_2,_1,_2,_1,_2,_2];
//     1  2  3  4  5  6
numbersign = [_1,_1,_2,_2,_2,_2];
n1 = [_2,_1,_1,_1,_1,_1];
n2 = [_2,_2,_1,_1,_1,_1];
n3 = [_2,_1,_1,_2,_1,_1];
n4 = [_2,_1,_1,_2,_2,_1];
n5 = [_2,_1,_1,_1,_2,_1];
n6 = [_2,_2,_1,_2,_1,_1];
n7 = [_2,_2,_1,_2,_2,_1];
n8 = [_2,_2,_1,_1,_2,_1];
n9 = [_1,_2,_1,_2,_1,_1];
n0 = [_1,_2,_1,_2,_2,_1];

// Special Keys
//           1  2  3  4  5  6
period   = [_1,_1,_2,_1,_1,_1]; // .
comma    = [_1,_2,_1,_1,_1,_1]; // ,
semi     = [_1,_2,_2,_1,_1,_1]; // ;
colon    = [_1,_2,_1,_1,_2,_1]; // :
bracket1 = [_1,_2,_2,_1,_2,_2]; // (
bracket2 = [_1,_2,_2,_1,_2,_2]; // )
minus    = [_1,_1,_2,_1,_1,_2]; // -
fslash   = [_1,_1,_2,_2,_1,_1]; // /
numPoint = [_1,_2,_1,_1,_1,_1]; // 0.0
letter   = [_1,_1,_1,_1,_2,_2]; // letter
accented = [_1,_1,_1,_2,_1,_1]; // accented letter

// Requested Swedish Keys
//
angstrom = [_2,_1,_1,_1,_1,_2]; // å
twodota  = [_1,_1,_2,_2,_2,_1]; // ä
twodoto  = [_1,_2,_2,_1,_1,_1]; // ö;

swedish=[angstrom,twodota,twodoto];

alphabet=[a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z];

numbers=[n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8,n9,n0];

symbols=[period,comma,semi,colon,bracket1,bracket2,minus,fslash];

controlKey = [c,t];
altKey = [a,l];
cmdKey = [c,m];
spacebar = [s,b];
shiftKey = [s,h];
capslock = [c,l];
up = [u,p];
down = [d,n];
left = [l,t];
right = [r,t];
returnKey = [r,n];
esc = [e,s];
tab = [t,b];
tilde = [t,i];
backspace = [b,k];
del = [d,l];

commands=[controlKey,altKey,cmdKey,spacebar,shiftKey,capslock,up,down,left,right,returnKey,esc,tab,tilde,backspace,del];

/*test
for (i=[0:10]){
        translate([i,0,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([i*keySize,0,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_single(alphabet[i]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }

            }
        }
    }
*///test

// LETTER KEYS
if(text_drop_down_box == "alphabetic" || text_drop_down_box == "all"){
    for (i=[0:10]){
        translate([i,0,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([i*keySize,0,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_single(alphabet[i]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }

            }
        }
    }
    for (i=[11:20]){
        translate([i-11,-2,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([(i-11)*keySize,-keySize,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_single(alphabet[i]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for (i=[21:25]){
        translate([i-21,-4,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([(i-21)*keySize,-keySize*2,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_single(alphabet[i]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

// NUMBER KEYS
if(text_drop_down_box == "numeric" || text_drop_down_box == "all"){
    for (i=[0:len(numbers)-1]){
        translate([i,-6,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([i*keySize,-keySize*3,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_standard2(numbersign,numbers[i]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

// SYMBOL KEYS
if(text_drop_down_box == "symbols" || text_drop_down_box == "all"){
    for (i=[0:len(symbols)-1]){
        translate([i,-8,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([i*keySize,-keySize*4,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_single(symbols[i]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

// FUNCTION KEYS
if(text_drop_down_box == "functions" || text_drop_down_box == "all"){
    for (i=[0:len(numbers)-1]){
        translate([i,-10,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([i*keySize,-keySize*5,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_standard2(f,numbers[i]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

// COMMAND KEYS
if(text_drop_down_box == "commands" || text_drop_down_box == "all"){
    for (i=[0:len(commands)-1]){
        translate([i,-12,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([i*keySize,-keySize*6,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_standard2(commands[i][0],commands[i][1]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

// SWEDISH KEYS
if(text_drop_down_box == "swedish"){
    for (i=[0:len(swedish)-1]){
        translate([i,-8,0]){      // eh ?
            translate([i*keySize,-keySize*4,0]){
                backplate();
                intersection() {
                    Char_display_single(swedish[i]);
                    translate([0,0,-baseHeight/100])scale([1,1,10*scaleBraille]) backplate();
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

module backplate(){
    translate([cornerRadius,cornerRadius,0]){
        minkowski(){
            wtf = keySize-cornerRadius*2;
            cube(size=[wtf,wtf,0.1]);
            cylinder(h=baseHeight,r=cornerRadius);
        }
    }
}

module placeDot (placeX, placeY, dotSize, dotHeight) {
    translate([placeX,placeY,baseHeight]){
        sphere(r=dotRadius*scaleBraille/dotSize);
    }
}

module Char_display_single(glyph1){
    for (i=[0:2]){
        placeDot(((keySize/2)-((std_a)*.5))+glyph1[i][2],
            ((keySize*.5)+((std_a))-i*(std_a))-glyph1[i][2],
            glyph1[i][1],
            glyph1[i][1]);
    }
    for (i=[3:5]){
        placeDot(((keySize/2)+((std_a)*.5))+glyph1[i][2],
            ((keySize*.5)+((std_a))-(i-3)*(std_a))-glyph1[i][2],
            glyph1[i][1],
            glyph1[i][1]);
    }
}

module Char_display_standard2(glyph1,glyph2){
    for (i=[0:2]){
        placeDot(((keySize/2)-(std_a*1.5))+glyph1[i][2],((keySize*.5)+(std_a)-i*std_a)-glyph1[i][2],glyph1[i][1],glyph1[i][1]);
    }
    for (i=[3:5]){
        placeDot(((keySize/2)-(std_a*.5))+glyph1[i][2],((keySize*.5)+(std_a)-(i-3)*std_a)-glyph1[i][2],glyph1[i][1],glyph1[i][1]);
    }

        for (i=[0:2]){
        placeDot(((keySize/2)+(std_a)*.5)+glyph2[i][2],((keySize*.5)+(std_a)-i*std_a)-glyph2[i][2],glyph2[i][1],glyph2[i][1]);
    }
    for (i=[3:5]){
        placeDot(((keySize/2)+(std_a)*1.5)+glyph2[i][2],((keySize*.5)+(std_a)-(i-3)*std_a)-glyph2[i][2],glyph2[i][1],glyph2[i][1]);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to design a V-groove idler pulley, and I'd like it to be customizable through parameters in OpenSCAD. I've been using a simple version I made, but I want something more robust and flexible.

Essentially, I need to be able to control the following:

*   **Overall Height:** The total height of the pulley.
*   **Overall Diameter (OD):** The outer diameter of the pulley.
*   **Bearing Dimensions:**
    *   **Bearing Overall Diameter (Bearing\_OD):** The outer diameter of the bearing that will fit into the pulley.
    *   **Bearing Flange Inner Diameter (Bearing\_Flange\_ID):** The inner diameter of the flange on the bearing.
    *   **Bearing Thickness (Bearing\_Thickness):** The thickness of the bearing.
*   **V-Groove Dimensions:**
    *   **V-Groove Bottom Diameter (V\_Groove\_OD):** The diameter of the circular bottom of the V-groove.
    *   **V-Groove Depth (V\_Depth):** The overall depth of the V-groove.
*   **Polygon Count:** For controlling the smoothness of the curves. I'd like this parameter to directly control `$fn`.
*   **Fudge Factor:** A small value to prevent zero thickness walls, this should also be parametrically controllable.

The basic design involves:
1. A cylinder for the main body of the pulley.
2.  Two conical cutouts to create a space for a bearing, and potentially a flange. The depth and cone angle should be calculated based on the `Bearing_OD`, `Bearing_Flange_ID`, `Bearing_Thickness`, and overall `height` parameters.
3. A cylindrical cutout to accommodate the bearing.
4. The V-groove which should be created with `rotate_extrude` after creating a 45 degree square-based cutout.  Then, a second cutout for the radius at the base of the V groove needs to be removed using `difference` with a square and a circle. The placement and dimensions of this cutout should be calculated from `V_Groove_OD` and `V_Depth`.

I'd like the output to be a single .scad file, I'm not using any libraries in this file, so I don't need any includes.

[Assistant]
vpulley1.1.scad:
```
//Rev 1.1 3 May 2015
//Coded by Siti
//Use as you like, but give credit where credit is due.

//Height of pulley
height=25;
//Overall Diameter of pulley
OD=50;
//Bearing Overall Diameter
Bearing_OD = 22;
Bearing_Flange_ID = Bearing_OD-4;
//Bearing thickness.
Bearing_Thickness = 7;
//thickness of bearing support
catchthickness= height/2-Bearing_Thickness/2;
fudge=0.01*1;//fudge factor to avoid 0 thickness walls.
//Polygon count.
Polygon_Count=128;//[32:low, 64:Medium, 128:high, 256:Insane]
$fn=Polygon_Count*1;
//Diameter of curve at bottom of V
V_Groove_OD=5;
//Depth of groove.
V_Depth = 10;
//depth of V groove without radius subtracted
Vdeep = V_Depth+sqrt(2*V_Groove_OD/2*V_Groove_OD/2)-V_Groove_OD/2;
//length of side of square required for V cutout
squareside = sqrt(2*(Vdeep)*(Vdeep));
difference(){
    //basic pulley shape

cylinder(h=height, d=OD, center=true);

    //items to subtract
    union(){

         //top cone cutout
       translate([0,0,Bearing_Thickness/2+(height/2-Bearing_Thickness/2)/2+1])
        cylinder(h=height/2-Bearing_Thickness/2+fudge, r1=Bearing_OD/2,r2=Bearing_OD/2+(height/2-Bearing_Thickness/2)/2, center=true);
         //bottom cone cutout
       translate([0,0,-Bearing_Thickness/2-(height/2-Bearing_Thickness/2)/2-3])
        cylinder(h=height/2-Bearing_Thickness/2+fudge, r2=Bearing_Flange_ID/2,r1=Bearing_Flange_ID/2+(height/2-Bearing_Thickness/2)/2, center=true);
     //vrotation
        translate([0,0,catchthickness])cylinder(h=height, d=Bearing_OD, center=true);
                cylinder(h=height+fudge, d=Bearing_Flange_ID, center=true);
        //groove cutout
     rotate_extrude(convexity=10)
        difference(){
            //V cutout
            translate([OD/2,0,0]) rotate([0,0,45])
       square ([squareside,squareside],center = true);

        //radius of V groove
        translate ([OD/2+sqrt(2*V_Groove_OD*V_Groove_OD)/2-sqrt(2*squareside*squareside)/2,0,0])rotate([0,0,135])difference(){
            translate([V_Groove_OD/2,V_Groove_OD/2,0])
            square ([(V_Groove_OD-fudge),(V_Groove_OD-fudge)],center = true);

               circle(d=V_Groove_OD,center = true);
        }}

    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a nozzle stand designed for my 3D printer nozzles. I've got a few different types and I want to store them neatly.

Ideally, the design would be a rectangular block with a grid of holes in it. I'd like to be able to control how many rows and columns of holes there are, as well as the diameter of the holes themselves. There should also be a setting to adjust the spacing between the holes and the thickness of the base. Finally, I want to be able to make the corners of the block a bit round.

I'm thinking that the holes should be placed in a rectangular array, and the overall rectangular block should grow to accommodate the size of the hole array, with an additional spacing.

I need the stand to be parametric, so I'd need to be able to set the following parameters:

*   `Columns`: The number of columns of holes.
*   `Rows`: The number of rows of holes.
*   `HoleDiameter`: The diameter of each hole.
*   `StepSize`: The vertical height between rows.
*   `Spacing`: The spacing between the holes.
*  `BottomThickness`: The thickness of the base.
*   `Roundness`: How round the corners are.

I also need it to be compatible with different printer build plates, so I need to be able to choose from a few pre-sets or provide a manual size. I was hoping to see something like: `build_plate_selector` set to either `Replicator 2`, `Replicator`, `Thingomatic` or `Manual`, with corresponding parameters for the manual sizes `build_plate_manual_x` and `build_plate_manual_y`.

It seems that the original design utilized the `build_plate.scad` library for the build plate, so could you use that library again when generating the scad files?

[Assistant]
NozzleStand.scad:
```
/* [Basic Settings] */

// How many holes across?
Columns = 5; // [1:30]

// How many rows of holes?
Rows = 2; // [1:10]

// Diameter of the holes
HoleDiameter = 6.4;

// Height of each row
StepSize = 9;

/* [Advanced Settings] */

// Spacing between the holes
Spacing = 3;

// Thickness to leave at the bottom
BottomThickness = 1;

// How round to make the corners
Roundness = 6;

// Cylinder resolution. set it to 10 if you're mucking about, about 120 if you're exporting STL's
circle_resolution = 50;

/* [Printer] */
build_plate_selector = 3; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 200; //[100:400]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 200; //[100:400]

/* [Hidden] */
// Jitter is used to prevent coincident-surface problems with CSG. Should be set to something small.
j = 0.01;

// Shortcuts used to make arrays easier to reference
x=0; y=1; z=2;

$fn = circle_resolution;
HoleRadius = HoleDiameter/2;

use<utils/build_plate.scad>;

module NozzleFormer()
{
    union()
    {
        cylinder(r = HoleRadius, h = StepSize * Rows);
    }
}

module RoundCube(size, r)
{
    hull()
    {
        translate([r, r, 0]) cylinder(r = r, h = size[z]);
        translate([size[x]-r, r, 0]) cylinder(r = r, h = size[z]);
        translate([size[x]-r, size[1]-r, 0]) cylinder(r = r, h = size[z]);
        translate([r, size[y]-r, 0]) cylinder(r = r, h = size[z]);
    }
}

module NozzleStand()
{
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            for(row = [0:Rows-1])
            {
                translate([0, (Spacing + HoleRadius*2 + Spacing) * row, 0])
                RoundCube(
                [
                    Spacing + (((HoleRadius * 2) + Spacing) * Columns),
                    Spacing + (((HoleRadius * 2) + Spacing) * (Rows-row)),
                    StepSize * (row+1)
                ],
                Roundness);
            }
        }

        for(row = [0:Rows-1])
        {
            for(col = [0:Columns-1])
            {
                translate(
                [
                    Spacing + HoleRadius + ((HoleRadius * 2) + Spacing) * col,
                    Spacing + HoleRadius + ((HoleRadius * 2) + Spacing * 2) * row,
                    BottomThickness
                ])
                NozzleFormer();
            }
        }
    }
}

translate(-[Spacing + (((HoleRadius * 2) + Spacing) * Columns), Spacing + (((HoleRadius * 2) + Spacing) * Rows), 0]/2)
NozzleStand();

%build_plate(build_plate_selector, build_plate_manual_x, build_plate_manual_y);

```


[User]
I'm trying to design a 3D-printable interlocking ring puzzle, similar to the one described in the .scad file I've included. It's basically three rings that are interlocked, and you can take them apart and put them back together through a bit of flexing and manipulation. I'd like to be able to adjust the size, the thickness of the rings, and the tolerance between them.

Here’s a breakdown of how it works, mirroring the original file:
1.  **Basic Ring Structure:** The basic rings are generated using a repeated wedge shape, with a hexagonal cross-section.

2.  **Interlocking Cuts:** The rings are interlocked using a series of strategically placed cuts, which are basically intersections between the ring and a rotated cube. These cuts allow the rings to slide through each other. The cuts are defined by several parameters in the example, including an offset from each ring, and the angle of the cut.

3.  **Assembly:** The puzzle is assembled by translating and rotating three of these interlocked rings.

4.  **Parametric Needs:** I need to be able to adjust at least these parameters:
    *   The ring diameter (L)
    *   The width of the hexagonal cross section (W)
    *   The tolerance gap between parts (tol)
    *   The angle phi used to make the hexagonal cross-section
    *   The fraction to cut off the hexagon points (f)
    *   The number of rings (though three is the goal, being able to change this would be nice)

So, I'm looking for a new OpenSCAD file (or files, if that makes the most sense) that defines the whole puzzle parametrically, using the concepts described above. I would like it to be completely from scratch without relying on any previous code. I'd like for the design to be clear and well commented so it's easy to understand. If you have any questions please let me know, and I appreciate your help.

[Assistant]
rings.scad:
```
// ring puzzle

// Tolerance (vertical gap)
tol=.4;
// Median-ish diameter
L=60;
// Width of of hexagonal cross-section
W=5;
// Angle
phi=60;
// Fraction to cut off points
f=0.43;

translate([0,0,W/2]){
    ring1();
    rotate([0,0,40])ring2();
    rotate([0,0,80])ring3();
}

module wedge(offset=0)
render()
translate([-L,0,0])intersection(){
    rotate([0,0,-45-phi/2])rotate([0,30,0])translate([offset,0,-L/2])cube(L);
    rotate([0,0,-45+phi/2])rotate([-30,0,0])translate([0,offset,-L/2])cube(L);
    translate([L*f,0,0])rotate([0,30,0])translate([offset,-L/2,-L/2])cube(L);
}

module ring(w=W)
render(convexity=4)
difference(){
    for(i=[0:2])rotate([0,0,120*i])intersection(){
        wedge(-w/2);
        mirror([0,0,1])wedge(-w/2);
        cube([2*L,2*L,w],center=true);
    }
    for(i=[0:2])rotate([0,0,120*i]){
        wedge(w/2);
        mirror([0,0,1])wedge(w/2);
    }
}

module cut(i,j,up=1)
intersection(){
    rotate([0,0,40*i])translate([0,0,(W-tol/2)*up])ring(2*W);
    rotate([0,0,60*j+75-40*i])translate([W,W,-L/2])cube(L);
}

module ring1()
render()
difference(){
    ring();
    cut(1,0,-1);
    cut(1,1);
    cut(1,2);
    cut(1,3);
    cut(1,4,-1);
    cut(1,5,-1);
    cut(2,0,-1);
    cut(2,1);
    cut(2,2);
    cut(2,3);
    cut(2,4,-1);
    cut(2,5,-1);
}

module ring2()
render()
difference(){
    ring();
    cut(1,0);
    cut(1,1);
    cut(1,2,-1);
    cut(1,3,-1);
    cut(1,4,-1);
    cut(1,5,-1);
    cut(2,0);
    cut(2,1,-1);
    cut(2,2,-1);
    cut(2,3,-1);
    cut(2,4);
    cut(2,5);
}

module ring3()
render()
difference(){
    ring();
    cut(1,0,-1);
    cut(1,1,-1);
    cut(1,2);
    cut(1,3);
    cut(1,4);
    cut(1,5,-1);
    cut(2,0,-1);
    cut(2,1,-1);
    cut(2,2);
    cut(2,3);
    cut(2,4);
    cut(2,5);
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable funnel using OpenSCAD. I have some specific features in mind, and I'd like to be able to adjust them easily.

Here's what I'm thinking:

The funnel itself should have a conical shape, transitioning from a larger diameter at the top to a smaller diameter at the bottom. I need to control the diameter of the top, the diameter of the bottom, and the overall height of this cone. I would also like to add a pipe to the bottom that is cylindrical. I also want to control the height of the pipe. I'd like to have the ability to enable a beveled tip on the pipe, and control the bevel angle. Finally, I'd like to be able to toggle a hanger and a series of gaps cut out of the funnel.

More specifically, the parameters I need to control are:

*   **`fine`**: This will control the resolution of the curves. It should be an integer between 20 and 100.
*   **`show_Hanger`**: A toggle ("yes" or "no") to include a small rectangular hanger on the side of the funnel.
*   **`show_Gab`**: A toggle ("yes" or "no") to include gaps around the funnel, near the transition to the pipe.
*   **`WallThickness`**:  The thickness of the funnel walls, an integer between 1 and 3.
*   **`HighFunnel`**: The height of the conical part of the funnel, an integer between 30 and 150.
*   **`DiameterTop`**:  The diameter of the top of the funnel, an integer between 40 and 150.
*   **`DiameterPipe`**: The diameter of the pipe part of the funnel, an integer between 6 and 20.
*   **`HighPipe`**: The height of the pipe, an integer between 30 and 80.
*   **`BeveledTip`**: A toggle ("yes" or "no") to bevel the end of the pipe.

The hanger should be a small rectangular prism attached to the side of the main funnel, with a small cylindrical hole in it for hanging. The gaps should be like little squares removed from the funnel, but at the very start of the pipe.

Could you create an OpenSCAD file that implements this? I don't have any specific library requirements, so you can just stick to the built-in OpenSCAD primitives. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Funnel.scad:
```
/* [Funnel] */

fine = 60; // [20:100]
show_Hanger = "yes"; // [yes,no]
show_Gab = "yes"; // [yes,no]
WallThickness = 1; // [1:3]

// Which one would you like to see?

HighFunnel =50; // [30:150]
DiameterTop = 100; // [40:150]

DiameterPipe = 10; // [6:20]
HighPipe =50; // [30:80]
BeveledTip = "yes"; // [yes,no]

// ignore variable values

/* [Hidden] */
Spitze = 45;

$fn = fine;
Hoehe = (HighPipe + HighFunnel) / 2;
Ghoehe = (HighPipe + HighFunnel);
ra2 = DiameterPipe/2;

schr=ra2*5;

ra1 = DiameterTop;
Wand = WallThickness;

Hy = (ra2*2)/cos(Spitze);
LuftW = 110 - atan((ra1/2)/HighFunnel);
echo (LuftW);

difference()
{
union() {
//Trichter
    translate([0,0,HighFunnel/2])
    cylinder(r1=ra1/2,r2=ra2,h=HighFunnel, center = true);

//Lasche
if (show_Hanger=="yes"){
    translate([0,ra1/2,Wand/2])
    cube(size = [ra1/10,ra1/5,Wand], center = true);
    translate([0,ra1/2+ra1/10,Wand/2])
    cylinder(r=ra1/20,h=Wand, center = true);
}

//Rohr

    translate([0,0,Ghoehe-(HighPipe/2)])
    cylinder(r=ra2,h=HighPipe, center = true);

//Gab
if (show_Gab=="yes"){
    translate([ra2,0,HighFunnel])
    rotate(a=[0,LuftW,0])
    cube(size = [Hoehe/(1/ra2/.1),Wand,ra2], center = true);

    translate([0,ra2,HighFunnel])
    rotate(a=[0,LuftW,90])
    cube(size = [Hoehe/(1/ra2/.1),Wand,ra2], center = true);

    translate([-ra2,0,HighFunnel])
    rotate(a=[0,LuftW,180])
    cube(size = [Hoehe/(1/ra2/.1),Wand,ra2], center = true);

    translate([0,-ra2,HighFunnel])
    rotate(a=[0,LuftW,270])
    cube(size = [Hoehe/(1/ra2/.1),Wand,ra2], center = true);
}
}

//Loch Trichter
    translate([0,0,HighFunnel/2])
    cylinder(r1=ra1/2-Wand,r2=ra2-Wand,h=HighFunnel, center = true);
// Loch Rohr
    translate([0,0,Ghoehe-(HighPipe/2)])
    cylinder(r=ra2-Wand,h=Hoehe, center = true);

// Loch in der Lasche
if (show_Hanger=="yes"){
    translate([0,ra1/2+ra1/10,Wand/2])
    cylinder(r=ra1/40,h=Wand, center = true);
}

//Spitze
if (BeveledTip=="yes"){

    translate([ra2*1,0,(HighPipe + HighFunnel)])
    rotate(a=[0,Spitze,0])
    cube(size = [Hy*1.0,ra2*2,Hy*1.0], center = true);
}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric enclosure for a Raspberry Pi 2/B+, sort of like a hanger or case. I've got a few specific ideas in mind, and I need it to be customizable.

The main body of the enclosure should be cylindrical with a hollow center, and have some sort of internal structure, like a grid of helices along the inner wall to provide some strength and a cool aesthetic. The helices should be customizable by thickness and number and turns. I need to be able to adjust the overall height of the enclosure too.

I'd like a separate top and bottom pieces for the enclosure. The bottom should have some cutouts and mounting points for the Raspberry Pi, and maybe some ventilation slots. It should also have some features to help with aligning or attaching the top. The top piece needs to also fit into the main body of the enclosure, and have some cutouts for things like the USB and ethernet ports.

Specifically, I want these parameters:

*   **Overall Dimensions:**
    *   `radius`: The radius of the cylindrical enclosure
    *   `height`: The overall height of the main enclosure.
    *   `roof`:  The height of the upper portion where the lid fits in
*   **Helix Parameters:**
    *   `nhelixes`:  Number of helices in the inner grid
    *   `thick`: Thickness of the helix shapes
    *   `turns`: Number of rotations or turns each helix makes.

*   **Top/Bottom Parameters:**
    *   `top_r` : Top cylinder radius
    *   `bottom_r` : Bottom cylinder radius
*   **Fixed Parameters:**
   * `fn` : Number of facets around the circumference of the cylinder
   * `step` : Step size around a circle

I'd also like to include some mounting holes/slots, and I might want to add some additional features like a small hole for a cable or screw, so the design should be relatively easy to modify in the future.

I'd like you to generate the OpenSCAD files for me, so I can just import them and start tweaking the parameters.  I don't have any existing OpenSCAD libraries, so if you use any, make sure to specify which ones.  I'd prefer to avoid using unnecessary external libraries if possible, but if they can simplify the design it's okay to use them.

[Assistant]
RaspberryBox.scad:
```
//$fn=100;
/*
    default values
*/
function maxx(x) = max(xmin,min(xmax,x));
function maxy(y) = max(ymin,min(ymax,y));
/* [Global] */
// Roof height
roof=25; // [25:38]
// Number of helixes
nhelixes=8; // [6:32]
// Helix thickness
thick=2;
// Helix turns
turns=.5;

/* [Hidden] */
xmax=roof;
fn=60;
xmin=0;
ymax=999;
ymin=-999;
radius=36;
height=77;

$fn=fn;
step = 360/fn;
div =  (360*turns) / height;
rev = height/(360 / div);

module helix(start=0,step=5,rev=.75,r=20,div=3,thick=4) {
	translate([-thick/2,-thick/2,0])  {
    for(a=[step:step:(360*rev) + step]) {
        x = maxx(sin(a+start)*r);
        x2 = maxx(sin((a+start)-step)*r);
        y = maxy(cos(a+start)*r);
        y2 = maxy(cos((a+start)-step)*r);
		hull() {
			translate([x,y,a/div])
                cube(thick);
			translate([x2,y2,(a-step)/div])
				cube(thick);
		}
	}
}
}
module helixc(start=0,step=5,rev=.75,r=20,div=3,thick=4) {
    translate([-thick/2,-thick/2,0]) union() {
        for(a=[0:-step:-(360-step)*rev]) {
            x = maxx(sin(a+start)*r);
            x2 = maxx(sin((a+start)-step)*r);
            y = maxy(cos(a+start)*r);
            y2 = maxy(cos((a+start)-step)*r);
            hull() {
                translate([x,y,-a/div])
                    cube(thick);
                translate([x2,y2,-(a-step)/div])
                    cube(thick);
            }
        }
    }
}

module helixgrid(n=7,rev=1,r=20,div=3,thick=2) {
    for(v=[0:360/n:360]) {
        helix(v,step=step,rev=rev,r=r,div=div,thick=thick);
        helixc(v,step=step,rev=rev,r=r,div=div,thick=thick);
    }

}
module topcut(r=57.5) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r,h=20);
        translate([-r-xmin+1.5,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax-1.5,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
    }
}

module top(r=60) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r,h=10);
        translate([0,0,-1]) topcut(r-2.5);
        translate([-r-xmin-1,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax+1,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
    }
}

module bottom(r=60) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r,h=10);
        translate([0,0,2.5]) cylinder(r=r-2.5,h=10);
        translate([-r-xmin-1,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax+1,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([3.5,-28,1]) cube([2,56,10]);
        translate([2.5,-7.5,-1]) cube([2,15,10]);
    }
    translate([-1,-35,0]) cube([1.5,70,10]);
    translate([0,-33,0]) cube([3.5,20,10]);
    translate([0,13,0]) cube([3.5,20,10]);
    translate([0,28,0]) cube([6,7,10]);
    translate([0,-35,0]) cube([6,7,10]);

    translate([6,24,0]) cube([2.5,11,7]);
    translate([6,-35,0]) cube([2.5,11,7]);
}
module slot() {
    translate([5.5,15,5.5]) rotate([90,0,0]) hull() {
        cylinder(r=6,h=20);
        translate([0,54,0]) cylinder(r=6,h=20);
    }
}
module conn_holes(l=5.5) {
    translate([3,25,5]) slot();
}
module connectors() {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=37,h=80);
        translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(r=34.5,h=82);
        translate([-51,-40,-1]) cube([50,80,82]);
        translate([19,-35,-1]) cube([50,70,82]);
        translate([-10,-70,-1]) cube([50,70,82]);
    }
}
module lid_base(r=37) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r,h=2.5);
        translate([-r-xmin-1,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax+1,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
    }
    difference() {
        translate([0,0,2.5]) cylinder(r=r-4,h=7);
        translate([-r-xmin+3,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
        translate([xmax-2.6,-r,-1]) cube([r,r*2,20]);
    }

}
module netusb(h=20) {
    translate([2.5,-28,-1]) linear_extrude(height = h, center = false, convexity = 10, slices = 1, scale = 1.0) {
        polygon(points=[[0,0.7],[17,0.7],[17,18],[20,18],[20,53.5],[0,53.5]]);
    }
    translate([2.5,-30,1]) cube([3,10,20]);
    translate([2.5,18,1]) cube([3,10,20]);
}
module lid() {
    difference() {
        lid_base();
        netusb();
    }
}
module hanger() {
    difference() {
        union() {
            connectors();
            bottom(37);
            helixgrid(nhelixes,rev,radius,div,thick);
            translate([0,0,76]) top(37);
        }
        conn_holes();
    }
}

//bottom(37);
hanger();
translate([xmax+10,0,0])
lid();

```


[User]
Hey! I need help designing a paper holder in OpenSCAD. I've got a basic idea but need it to be parametric so I can tweak it.

The holder should have a roughly triangular base, but it doesn't need to be perfectly equilateral. I'm thinking a non-convex triangle, almost like a slightly squished one. I want to be able to define the x, y, and z coordinates of each point on the base.

Then, coming out of the base, I want two slots to hold the papers or cards. Each slot will be created by subtracting a rectangular prism from a cylindrical body. The cylinders will be placed on the base. The prisms will be rotated so that the paper slot is angled. I need to be able to control the width and depth of each slot and the distance that the cylinders are away from their origin point.

So, to recap:

*   **Base:** A non-convex triangular polyhedron. Should be able to change the xyz coordinates for each point.
*   **Slots:** Two slots made from cylinders and subtracted rectangular prisms. Need to control slot width and depth. Need to control placement from origin, and angle of slot.

I'm hoping this can all be done in a single parametric file. Thanks in advance!

[Assistant]
PapaerHoler.scad:
```
//PaperHolder

//Width Of Slot
Width = 1;

//Depth Of Slot
Depth = 5;

polyhedron(
    points = [[0,0,0], [30,30,0], [15,15,10], [20,10,0], [10,20,0], ],
    faces = [[0,4,3], [1,3,4], [0,3,2], [0,2,4], [2,3,1], [2,1,4]]
);
translate([10,10,0]){
    difference(){
        cylinder(15,3,3);
        translate([0,0,15]){
            rotate([0,0,135]){
                cube([Width,6,Depth], center = true);
            }
        }
    }
}
translate([20,20,0]){
    difference(){
        cylinder(15,3,3);
        translate([0,0,15]){
            rotate([0,0,135]){
                cube([Width,6,Depth], center = true);
            }
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for an overflow box, like the kind you'd use in an aquarium. It should be mostly a rectangular box with rounded edges, but with some teeth along the top edge to let water flow in. I'd like the design to be parametric so I can adjust it for different tanks.

Here are the main parameters I'm thinking about:

*   **`main_x`**, **`main_y`**, and **`main_z`**:  These define the overall dimensions of the box.
*   **`tooth_z`**: This controls the height of the teeth cut into the top of the box.
*   **`with_left_tooth`** and **`with_right_tooth`**: These are flags (0 or 1) that determine if teeth should be on the left and/or right sides of the box, in addition to the front.
*   **`thickness`**: This sets how thick the walls of the box should be.
*   **`r1`**: This is the radius for rounding the corners of the box itself.
*   **`step`**: This will help me control how many teeth are along each side.
*   **`ratio`**: This will adjust the spacing between teeth.

The design should create a box using `roundedBox()` from the MCAD library, with the teeth cut out from the top. The back of the overflow should have a flat surface so that it will stick to the tank wall. I think that means removing some of the rounded portion of the box at the back.

The teeth themselves should also be rounded, with a sort of "hull" effect like in the included code.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files needed to achieve this design? I'd prefer if you used the same variable names if possible for clarity. I'd like the design to be modular with distinct functions for the main box and the teeth.

[Assistant]
surverse.scad:
```
include <MCAD/boxes.scad>

$fn=40;

// the main dimensions
main_x=100;
main_y=60;
main_z=60;

// the tooth height
tooth_z=30;

// do you want tooth on left/right side ??
with_left_tooth=1;
with_right_tooth=0;

// how thick is the overflow
thickness=3;

// r1 will tell you how round will be the overflow, 3 is a good value to start
r1=3;

// how many tooth do you want
step=main_x/20;
// also you have to play with the ratio, it tells which space you will have between tooth.
ratio=2;

// to have a clean readeable code
half_main_x=main_x/2;
half_main_y=main_y/2;
half_main_z=main_z/2;

module MainBox()
{

/***********************************************
obviously this is the Main box, meaning side
and bottom of the box without tooth
************************************************/

// have to translate because roundedBox does not have 0,0,0 Origin
translate([half_main_x,half_main_y,half_main_z])

difference() {
		roundedBox([main_x,main_y,main_z],r1,false); // plain box at this point

		translate ([0,thickness,thickness]) color("red") cube([main_x-2*thickness,main_y,main_z],center=true); // now an empty box

		translate([0,main_y*0.9,0]) cube([main_x,10,main_z]); // for the back of the overflow we should hae a plane surface to stick on the tank so we cut the rounded corners. the value 0.9 will fit in many case but you can increase/decrease it a little.

	} // end difference

}	// end module

module tooth(x)
{

/***********************************************
We are building here a tooth we will substract
later to the Main Box
***********************************************/

r2=1;
x1=2;
y1=main_z;

translate([x,thickness+0.1,0]) {
	rotate([90,0,0])	{
	linear_extrude(thickness*1.1)
		hull() // hull is magic I like it
			{
			translate([r2,r2]) circle(r=r2);
			translate([r2,y1,0]) circle(r=r2);
			translate([x1,y1,0]) circle(r=r2);
			translate([x1,r2,0]) circle(r=r2);
			}
		}
	}
}

/***********************************************
the main module just call it
***********************************************/

module overflow()
{

difference() {
	MainBox();

	// substract front side with the tooth
	for (i = [step:step*ratio:main_x-2*step]) {
			translate([0,0,main_z-tooth_z])
				tooth(x=(i+step/2));
	} // For

	// Same for the left side if you decided to
	if (with_left_tooth==1) {
		rotate([0,0,-90])
		for (i = [-main_y+step:step*ratio:-3*step]) {
			translate([0,0,main_z-tooth_z])
				tooth(x=(i+step/2));
		} // For

	} // If

	// Same for the right side if you decided to
	if (with_right_tooth==1) {
		translate([main_x,0,0]) rotate([0,0,90])
		for (i = [step:step*ratio:main_y*0.9]) {
			translate([0,0,main_z-tooth_z])
				tooth(x=(i+step/2));
		} // For

	} // If

} // Difference

}

// Let's go, Fishes or Corals will be happy now
overflow();

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric charging stand for various LG smartwatches, specifically the G Watch, G Watch R, and Urbane. The stand should hold the charging puck in place using magnets.

Here are the key parameters I need to be able to adjust:

*   **Charger Type:**  Whether the charging puck is round or square (values: "round", "square"). The G Watch is square, the G Watch R and Urbane are round.
*   **Charge Pad Thickness:** How thick the part of the stand that holds the charging puck is.
*   **Charge Pad Dimensions:** For square chargers, I need `charge_pad_wide` and `charge_pad_long`. For round chargers, I need `charge_pad_d` (diameter).
*   **Charge Pad Angle:** The angle of the charging pad relative to the vertical.
*   **Magnet Thickness:** How thick the magnets are.
*   **Magnet Dimensions:** How wide/long the magnets are (assuming square magnets).
*   **Magnet Separation:** The center-to-center distance between magnets, both horizontally (`magnet_sep_w`) and vertically (`magnet_sep_h`). These values will differ between the G Watch and Urbane/G Watch R.
*   **Frame Outer Radius:**  The outer radius of the frame surrounding the charger.
*   **Frame Inner Radius:** The inner radius of the frame surrounding the charger.
*   **Frame Thickness:** The thickness of the frame itself.
*   **Frame Height:** The height of the main frame.
*   **USB Offset:**  How far the USB port is from the bottom of the charger puck holder.
*   **USB Radius:** The radius of the hole for the USB plug.

I think it would be ideal if the design could be created such that it's easily printable.

The design should include:
*   A frame with an outer and inner radius (think doughnut).
*   A charging pad that is either square or round based on the `charger_type` parameter
*   Holes or cutouts for the magnets
*   A hole for the USB connector.

I don't think I need any libraries here unless you find they would be extremely useful, although I am open to suggestions. Can you generate the OpenSCAD files?

[Assistant]
lgg.scad:
```
/* [Global] */

// Is the charger round or square?
charger_type = "round"; // [round:Round - Urbane and G Watch R,square:Square - G Watch]
// How thick is the part that holds the charger?
charge_pad_thick = 5;
// How wide for square chargers
charge_pad_wide  = 39;
// How long for square chargers
charge_pad_long  = 48;
// Diameter for round chargers
charge_pad_d     = 50;
// Angle of charging pad
charge_pad_angle = 30;

// How thick are your magnets?
magnet_thick = 5.25;
// How wide/long are your magnets?
magnet_wide  = 5.25;

// How far apart are the magnet centers across the width?
magnet_sep_w = 10;  // 16 = G, 10 = Urbane
// How far apart are the magnet centers across the length?
magnet_sep_h = 25;  // 16 = G, 25 = Urbane

// Frame outer radius
frame_or = 75;
// Frame inner radius
frame_ir = 55;
// Frame thickness
frame_thick = 5;

// Height of frame
frame_h= 110;

// Offset of USB port from bottom of charger
usb_offset = 5;
// Radius of hole for USB plug
usb_r = 6;

/* [Hidden] */

// Arbitrarily large number.
huge = 500;

// Frame center radius
middle = ((frame_or - frame_ir) / 2) + frame_ir;

// Charge pad radius
charge_pad_r = charge_pad_d/2;

rotate([0,-90,0])
{
  translate([0,0,frame_h-middle]) rotate([charge_pad_angle,0,0]) translate([frame_thick,0, frame_ir]) top();
  difference()
  {
    frame();
    translate([0,0,frame_h-middle]) rotate([charge_pad_angle,0,0]) translate([-huge/2,0,frame_ir + charge_pad_thick + usb_offset]) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(r=usb_r,h=huge);
  }
}

//top("square");
//translate([0,0,30]) top("round");

module frame()
{
  difference()
  {
    union()
    {
      translate([0,0,frame_h - middle])
      {
        difference()
        {
          sphere(r=frame_or);
          sphere(r=frame_ir);
        }
      }
    }

    translate([-huge/2,0,0]) cube([huge,huge,huge],center=true);
    translate([0,0,-huge/2]) cube([huge,huge,huge],center=true);
    translate([frame_thick,-huge/2,frame_thick]) cube([huge,huge,huge]);

  }
}

module top(ct = charger_type)
{
  if(ct == "square")
  {
    translate([0,-charge_pad_long/2,0])
    difference()
    {
      cube([charge_pad_wide, charge_pad_long, charge_pad_thick]);

      for(x = [(charge_pad_wide-magnet_sep_w)/2, (charge_pad_wide-magnet_sep_w)/2 + magnet_sep_w])
      {
        for(y = [(charge_pad_long-magnet_sep_h)/2, (charge_pad_long-magnet_sep_h)/2 + magnet_sep_h])
        {
          #translate([x,y,charge_pad_thick - magnet_thick + (magnet_thick)/2]) cube([magnet_wide, magnet_wide, magnet_thick+1], center=true);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    translate([0,-charge_pad_r,0])
    difference()
    {
      union()
      {
        translate([charge_pad_r, charge_pad_r, 0]) cylinder(r=charge_pad_r,h=charge_pad_thick);
        cube([charge_pad_r, charge_pad_d, charge_pad_thick]);
      }

      for(x = [(charge_pad_d-magnet_sep_w)/2, (charge_pad_d-magnet_sep_w)/2 + magnet_sep_w])
      {
        for(y = [(charge_pad_d-magnet_sep_h)/2, (charge_pad_d-magnet_sep_h)/2 + magnet_sep_h])
        {
          #translate([x,y,charge_pad_thick - magnet_thick + (magnet_thick)/2]) cube([magnet_wide, magnet_wide, magnet_thick+1], center=true);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable showcase with four different sized blocks on a base, kind of like a tiered display. I have some ideas about the general structure, but I need help making it parametric in OpenSCAD.

Here's what I'm picturing:

*   **Four Blocks:** I want four separate rectangular blocks, each with its own width, length, and height. Let's call them Cube1, Cube2, Cube3, and Cube4.
*   **Base:** All the blocks will sit on a rectangular base, and this base should have a customizable thickness.
*   **Arrangement:** Cube1 should be at the origin. Cube2 should be placed next to Cube1 along the y-axis. Cube3 should be placed next to Cube1 along the x-axis. Cube4 should be offset from Cube2 by the length of Cube2, and also offset along the x-axis, so it's kind of nested into the corner between Cube1 and Cube2.
*   **Walls:** I also want thin walls that connect the tops of these blocks to each other, extending to the height of Cube1, forming a kind of enclosure, though not a full cube around everything. The walls should also have a customizable thickness, and I want them placed on each side that is between two of the boxes. For instance, a wall should exist on the "top" of Cube3, connecting it to Cube1. And one should exist on the "top" of Cube2, connecting it to Cube1. Another should connect Cube2 and Cube4, and a final one would exist connecting Cube1 and the wall between Cube2 and Cube4. Finally a wall would exist connecting the "side" of cube2 and the wall between Cube2 and Cube4

So, I need a parametric OpenSCAD file where I can adjust:

*   The width, length, and height of each of the four blocks (Cube1Width, Cube1Length, Cube1Height, etc.).
*   The thickness of the base (BottomThickness).
*   The thickness of the walls (LengthOfWall).

The colors of the blocks in my existing code are not important to me, so that does not need to be included in the final code. I don't need anything fancy, just the basic shapes using `cube()` and `translate()`. I don't need any libraries for this.

[Assistant]
4BlockShowcase.scad:
```
//4 Block Showcase

//Cube 1 Width
Cube1Width = 50;

//Cube 1 Length
Cube1Length = 50;

//Cube 1 Height
Cube1Height = 50;

//Cube 2 Width
Cube2Width = 40;

//Cube 2 Length
Cube2Length = 40;

//Cube 2 Height
Cube2Height = 40;

//Cube 3 Width
Cube3Width = 30;

//Cube 3 Length
Cube3Length = 30;

//Cube 3 Height
Cube3Height = 30;

//Cube 4 Width
Cube4Width = 20;

//Cube 4 Length
Cube4Length = 20;

//Cube 4 Height
Cube4Height = 20;

//Bottom Thickness
BottomThickness = 5;

//Length Of Wall
LengthOfWall = 3;

//4 Cubes
translate([0,0,BottomThickness]){
    //Cube 1
    color("red")
    cube([Cube1Width,Cube1Length,Cube1Height]);

    //Cube 2
    color("orange")
    translate([0,Cube1Length,0]){
        cube([Cube2Width,Cube2Length,Cube2Height]);
    }

    //Cube 3
    color("yellow")
    translate([Cube1Width,0,0]){
        cube([Cube3Width,Cube3Length,Cube3Height]);
    }

    //Cube 4
    color("green")
    translate([Cube2Width,(Cube1Length+Cube2Length)-Cube4Length,0]){
        cube([Cube4Width,Cube4Length,Cube4Height]);
    }

    //Wall 1
    color("blue")
    translate([Cube1Width,0,Cube3Height]){
        cube([Cube3Width,LengthOfWall,Cube1Height-Cube3Height]);
    }

    //Wall 2
    color("purple")
    translate([Cube2Width,(Cube1Length+Cube2Length)-LengthOfWall,Cube4Height]){
        cube([Cube4Width,LengthOfWall,Cube2Height-Cube4Height]);
    }

    //Wall 3
    color("pink")
    translate([0,Cube1Length,Cube2Height]){
        cube([LengthOfWall,Cube2Length,Cube1Height-Cube2Height]);
    }

    //Wall 4
    color("gold")
    translate([LengthOfWall,(Cube1Length+Cube2Length)-LengthOfWall,Cube2Height]){
        cube([(Cube1Width+Cube3Width)-LengthOfWall,LengthOfWall,Cube1Height-Cube2Height]);
    }

    //Wall 5
    color("saddlebrown")
    translate([Cube2Width+Cube4Width,(Cube1Length+Cube2Length)-LengthOfWall,0]){
        cube([(Cube1Width+Cube3Width)-(Cube2Width+Cube4Width),LengthOfWall,Cube2Height]);
    }
}

//Base
    color("grey")
    cube([Cube1Width+Cube3Width,Cube1Length+Cube2Length,BottomThickness]);

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a parametric direct drive extruder in OpenSCAD, and I'd like it to be highly customizable, similar to the dstruder.scad file I've seen. It should support both 1.75mm and 3mm filament diameters, with a mount that works for J-Head or E3D hotends. I want the design to be controlled by variables so that I can adjust for my specific hardware.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

**Global Parameters (to be adjustable):**

*   **`fnr`**: Resolution for round objects, controlling segment length. I need to be able to set this.
*   **`extrusion_width`**: Width of a single printed line, which should be adjustable to match my slicer settings.
*   **`normal_wall_factor`**:  How many lines make up a standard wall.
*   **`thick_wall_factor`**: How many lines make up a thick wall.
*   **`filament_d`**:  The filament diameter (1.75 or 3mm).
*   **`gear_d`**:  Diameter of the hobbed section of the hobbed bolt.
*   **`bearing_d`**: Outer diameter of the bearing on the lever.
*   **`bearing_h`**: Height of the bearing on the lever.
*   **`bearing_bore_d`**: Center bore diameter of the bearing.
*   **`bearing_washer_d`**: Diameter of the washer for the bearing axle (used in calculations, not printed).
*   **`bowden_d`**: Outer diameter of my bowden tubing.
*   **`bowden_coupling_thread_d`**: Outer diameter of the threaded section of my bowden coupling.
*   **`bowden_coupling_thread_h`**: Height of the threaded section of the bowden coupling.
*   **`mounthole_dist`**: Distance between the mounting holes for attaching it to the carriage.

**Internal Parameters (for calculations):**

*   I need the script to calculate `filament_r`, `gear_r`, `bearing_r`, `bearing_bore_r`, `bearing_washer_r`, `bowden_r`, `bowden_coupling_thread_r`, `wall_width`, `thickwall_width`, and `lever_width` based on the global parameters.

**Modules Required:**

*   **`print_part()`:**  A module that combines all the parts for easy output.
*   **`extruder()`:** This module will make the main body of the extruder, incorporating the NEMA17 motor mount, bowden coupling mount, J-Head/E3D mount, carriage mounting holes, and cutouts. The NEMA 17 mount needs to have the mounting screw holes and the center hole cutout. This needs to use the parameters I specified.
*   **`lever()`:** This module designs the lever arm, including the bearing mount, mounting post, tensioner cutouts, and mounting holes.
*   **`bom()`:** This should generate a simplified motor, filament, and gear for visualization.
*   **`fncylinder()`**: I want a custom cylinder module that allows an 'enlarge' feature and calculates `$fn` based on `fnr` unless otherwise specified.
*  **`orotate()`**: I'd like a module that can rotate an object around a point besides its center.
*   **`centercube()`**: A module that creates a cube and can center it along one or more axes.
* **`pyth()`**: I need a function for calculating pythagoras' theorem, and it should return `undef` if the parameters don't make sense.

**Additional Details:**

*   I need to use the provided screw and nut parameters (`screw_m3`, `nut_m3`, `washer_m3`) to properly size holes and cutouts for those components.
*   The NEMA17 motor dimensions should be stored in a `nema17` parameter and used in the design of the extruder. The motor mounting holes and center hole cutout should also be created.
*   I would like the main body to consist of a polygon, cylinders, and cubes.
*   The lever should be able to freely rotate around a center cutout.
*   The final design should have the ability to mount both bowden and direct drive extrusion.
*   I'd like all modules and variables to be modular.

I don't need any specific libraries, it should all be built from scratch. Could you please provide the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
dstruder.scad:
```
/*
Name: OpenSCAD model of a direct drive extruder 1.75mm/3mm with J-Head/E3D mount
Author: Jons Collasius from Germany/Hamburg

License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
*/

/* [Global] */
// ######## global variables ########
// resolution of any round object (segment length)
fnr 						= 0.4;
// width of a single wall, should match your slicer settings
extrusion_width 			= 0.6;
// how many lines should a normal wall have (i.e. 0.6(extrusion_width)*6(normal_wall_factor)= 3.6mm wall width)
normal_wall_factor 			= 4;
// how many lines should a thick wall have
thick_wall_factor 			= 6;
// diameter of your filament. 3mm works fine with large nozzels (>=1mm diameter)
filament_d 					= 1.75;
// diameter of the hobbed section of your hobbed bolt. measure this as precisley as possible.
gear_d 						= 7.34;
// diameter of the bearing of the lever
bearing_d 					= 16;
// hight of the bearing of the lever
bearing_h 					= 5;
// center bore diameter of the bearing of the lever
bearing_bore_d 				= 5;
// diameter of the appropriate washer for the bearing axle. this washer isn't used and only needed for calculations.
bearing_washer_d 			= 10;
// outer diameter of your bowden tubing
bowden_d 					= 4.5;
// outer diameter of the threaded section of your bowden coupling
bowden_coupling_thread_d	= 9.75;
// hight of the threaded section of your bowden coupling
bowden_coupling_thread_h	= 10;
// mounting hole distance (should match the distance on your carriage)
mounthole_dist				= 20;

/* [Hidden] */
// [screw_r, screw_head_r, screw_head_h, name]
screw_m3	= [1.6,		2.84,	3,		"screw M3"];
// [nut_r(biggest side), nut_d(smalles side), nut_h, name]
nut_m3		= [3.04,	5.5,	2.4,	"nut M3 DIN 934/ISO 4033/ISO 8673"];
// [washer_r, washer_h, washer_inner_r, name]
washer_m3	= [3.5,		0.5,	1.6,	"washer M3 DIN 125 A/ISO 7089"];
// [width, screw offset, screw_r, core_r, body_hight, axis_length, name]
nema17 		= [42.3,	15.5,	screw_m3[0],	11.20,	40,	24,	"NEMA 17 stepper motors"];

// ######## calculated variables ########
filament_r 					= filament_d/2;
gear_r 						= gear_d/2;
bearing_r 					= bearing_d/2;
bearing_bore_r 				= bearing_bore_d/2;
bearing_washer_r 			= bearing_washer_d/2;
bowden_r 					= bowden_d/2;
bowden_coupling_thread_r	= bowden_coupling_thread_d/2;
wall_width 					= extrusion_width*normal_wall_factor;
thickwall_width 			= extrusion_width*thick_wall_factor;
lever_width 				= nema17[5]-wall_width*2;

// ######## calculated variables ########
print_part();

// #####################################################################################################################################
module print_part() {
	rotate([0,-90,0]) translate([0,0,0]) extruder();
	translate([0,-nema17[0]/2-lever_width-1-wall_width,nema17[0]/2]) rotate([-90,0,90]) lever();
	%translate([0,0,0]) rotate([180,0,0]) bom();
	%rotate([0,-90,0]) lever();
}

// #####################################################################################################################################
module extruder() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			// main body
			rotate([0,90,0]) linear_extrude(height=nema17[5]) polygon(points=[[-15.5,-21.15],[-21.15,-15.5],[-21.15,15.5],[-15.5,21.15],[15.5,21.15],[21.15,15.5],[21.15,-15.5],[15.5,-21.15]]);
			// bottom round lever corner
			translate([0,nema17[1],-nema17[1]]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=nema17[0]/2-nema17[1], h=nema17[5]);
			// top bowden coupling mount
			translate([nema17[5]/2,gear_r+filament_r,nema17[0]/2-1]) fncylinder(r=bowden_coupling_thread_r+wall_width, h=bowden_coupling_thread_h+1);
			*translate([0,gear_r+filament_r,nema17[0]/2-1]) centercube([nema17[5]/2,(bowden_coupling_thread_r+wall_width)*2,bowden_coupling_thread_h+1],y=true);
			// bottom j-head mount
			translate([0,gear_r+filament_r,-nema17[0]/2-13-2]) centercube([nema17[5]/2,12+screw_m3[0]*2+washer_m3[0]*2,13+3],y=true);
			// bottom j-head mount top
			translate([0,gear_r+filament_r-(12+screw_m3[0]*2+washer_m3[0]*2)-1,-nema17[0]/2-13-2]) centercube([nema17[5]/2-1,12+screw_m3[0]*2+washer_m3[0]*2,13+1],y=true);
			// carriage mounting
			for(i=[0,1]) translate([wall_width+washer_m3[0]+i*mounthole_dist,-nema17[0]/2+thickwall_width,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) fncylinder(r=wall_width+washer_m3[0], h=thickwall_width);
			translate([wall_width+washer_m3[0],-nema17[0]/2,0]) centercube([mounthole_dist,thickwall_width,(wall_width+washer_m3[0])*2],z=true);
		}
		// nema17 mounting holes
		rotate([0,90,0]) for(i=[0:2]) rotate([0,0,i*90-180]) translate([nema17[1],nema17[1],0]) fncylinder(r=nema17[2],h=nema17[5],enlarge=1);
		// center hole
		difference() {
			rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=pyth(a=nema17[1],b=nema17[1])-thickwall_width-screw_m3[0],h=nema17[5],enlarge=1);
			translate([-1,gear_r+filament_r-wall_width,nema17[1]]) centercube([nema17[5]+2,nut_m3[2]+1+wall_width*2,nut_m3[1]+wall_width*2],z=true);
		}
		rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=nema17[3],h=nema17[5],enlarge=1);
		// filament hole
		translate([nema17[5]/2,gear_r+filament_r,0]) rotate([0,0,0]) fncylinder(r=filament_r+0.25,h=nema17[0]);
		// bottom bowden hole
		translate([nema17[5]/2,gear_r+filament_r,0]) rotate([0,180,0]) fncylinder(r=bowden_r,h=nema17[0]);
		// lever cutout bottom cylinder
		translate([-1,nema17[1],-nema17[1]]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=nema17[0]/2-nema17[1]+1, h=lever_width+wall_width+1.25);
		// lever cutout center
		translate([-1,0,0]) centercube([lever_width+wall_width+1.25,nema17[0]/2+1,bearing_r*2+2], z=true);
		// lever cutout, rotated 2°
		orotate([2,0,0],[0,nema17[1],-nema17[1]]) translate([-1,nema17[1]-1,0]) centercube([lever_width+wall_width+1.25,nema17[0]/2+1,nema17[0]+2], z=true);
		// lever fastener screw holes
		for(i=[-1,1]) translate([nema17[5]/2+i*(lever_width/2-4),nema17[0]/2,nema17[1]]) rotate([90,0,0]) fncylinder(r=screw_m3[0], h=nema17[0]/2+nema17[1]-wall_width-screw_m3[0]);
		// lever fastener nut hole
		translate([-1,gear_r+filament_r,nema17[1]]) centercube([nema17[5]+2,nut_m3[2]+1,nut_m3[1]],z=true);
		// top bowden coupling mount hole
		translate([nema17[5]/2,gear_r+filament_r,nema17[0]/2]) fncylinder(r=bowden_coupling_thread_r, h=bowden_coupling_thread_h+1);
		// bottom j-head mount
		translate([nema17[5]/2,gear_r+filament_r,-nema17[0]/2-14-2]) fncylinder(r=16/2,h=13+2);
		translate([nema17[5]/2,gear_r+filament_r,-nema17[0]/2-14-1]) fncylinder(r=4,h=13+2);
		// bottom j-head mount screw holes
		for(i=[-1,1]) translate([0,gear_r+filament_r+i*(6+screw_m3[0]),-nema17[0]/2-14+5.5-1]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=screw_m3[0], h=nema17[5]/2,enlarge=1);
		// bottom j-head mount top
		translate([nema17[5]/2,gear_r+filament_r-(12+screw_m3[0]*2+washer_m3[0]*2)-1,-nema17[0]/2-14-2]) {
			translate([0,0,0]) fncylinder(r=16/2,h=4);
			translate([0,0,0]) fncylinder(r=12/2,h=10);
			translate([0,0,9]) fncylinder(r=16/2,h=6.5);
		}
		// bottom j-head mount top screw holes
		for(i=[-1,1]) translate([0,gear_r+filament_r+i*(6+screw_m3[0])-(12+screw_m3[0]*2+washer_m3[0]*2)-1,-nema17[0]/2-14+5.5-1]) rotate([0,90,0])
			fncylinder(r=screw_m3[0], h=nema17[5]/2,enlarge=1);
		// carriage mounting screw holes
		for(i=[0,1]) translate([wall_width+washer_m3[0]+i*mounthole_dist,0,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) fncylinder(r=screw_m3[0], h=nema17[0]/2+1);
		// carriage mounting washer holes
		for(i=[0,1]) translate([wall_width+washer_m3[0]+i*mounthole_dist,0,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) fncylinder(r=washer_m3[0]+0.5, h=nema17[0]/2-thickwall_width);
	}
}

// #####################################################################################################################################
module lever() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			// main lever body
			translate([0,nema17[1],-nema17[0]/2+(nema17[0]/2-nema17[1])]) cube([lever_width+wall_width,nema17[0]/2-nema17[1],nema17[0]-(nema17[0]/2-nema17[1])]);
			// lever mouning post
			translate([0,nema17[1],-nema17[1]]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=nema17[0]/2-nema17[1], h=lever_width+wall_width);
			// bearing post
			translate([wall_width,gear_r+filament_r*2+bearing_r,0]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=bearing_washer_r, h=lever_width);
			translate([wall_width,gear_r+filament_r*2+bearing_r,-bearing_washer_r]) cube([lever_width,nema17[0]/2-(gear_r+filament_r*2+bearing_r),bearing_washer_r*2]);
		}
		// center cutout
		translate([wall_width,0,0]) difference() {
			translate([lever_width/2,0,0]) cube([bearing_h+2,nema17[0]+2,bearing_r*2+2], center=true);
			for(i=[-1,1]) translate([lever_width/2,gear_r+filament_r*2+bearing_r,0]) rotate([0,i*90,0])
				translate([0,0,bearing_h/2]) fncylinder(r=bearing_bore_r+1.3, r2=bearing_washer_r, h=1,enlarge=0.05);
		}
		// bearing mounting holes
		translate([wall_width,gear_r+filament_r*2+bearing_r,0]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=bearing_bore_r-0.15, h=lever_width,enlarge=1);
		// lever mouning post hole
		translate([0,nema17[1],-nema17[1]]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=screw_m3[0], h=lever_width+wall_width,enlarge=1);
		// tensioner cutouts
		for(i=[-1,1]) {
			translate([lever_width/2+wall_width+i*(lever_width/2-4),nema17[0]/2,nema17[1]]) {
				rotate([90,0,0]) fncylinder(r=screw_m3[0], h=nema17[0]/2-nema17[1],enlarge=1);
				translate([0,1,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) centercube([screw_m3[0]*2,nema17[0]/2-nema17[1]+1,nema17[0]/2-nema17[1]+2],x=true);
			}
		}
	}
	// the bearing
	%translate([lever_width/2+wall_width,gear_r+filament_r*2+bearing_r,0]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=bearing_r, h=bearing_h, center=true);
}

// #####################################################################################################################################
// motor, filament and gear
module bom() {
	// nema17 main body with screw holes
	linear_extrude(height=nema17[4]) polygon(points=[[-15.5,-21.15],[-21.15,-15.5],[-21.15,15.5],[-15.5,21.15],[15.5,21.15],[21.15,15.5],[21.15,-15.5],[15.5,-21.15]]);
	// nema17 axis
	translate([0,0,-nema17[5]]) fncylinder(r=2.5,h=nema17[5]);
	// nema17 center cylinder
	translate([0,0,-2]) fncylinder(r=nema17[3],h=2);
	// filament
	translate([0,-gear_r-filament_r,-nema17[5]/2]) rotate([0,90,0]) fncylinder(r=filament_r,h=nema17[0]*2,center=true);
	// filament gear
	translate([0,0,-nema17[5]/2]) rotate([0,0,0]) fncylinder(r=gear_r, h=bearing_h*2, center=true);
}

// #####################################################################################################################################
// a rewritten cylinder, with enlarge and dynamic fn
module fncylinder(r,r2,h,fn,center=false,enlarge=0){
	translate(center==false?[0,0,-enlarge]:[0,0,-h/2-enlarge]) {
		if (fn==undef) {
			if (r2==undef) {
				cylinder(r=r,h=h+enlarge*2,$fn=floor(2*r*3.14/fnr));
			} else {
				cylinder(r=r,r2=r2,h=h+enlarge*2,$fn=floor(2*r*3.14/fnr));
			}
		} else {
			if (r2==undef) {
				cylinder(r=r,h=h+enlarge*2,$fn=fn);
			} else {
				cylinder(r=r,r2=r2,h=h+enlarge*2,$fn=fn);
			}
		}
	}
}

// #####################################################################################################################################
// rotate the object from a different center
module orotate(rotate,offset) {
	translate(offset) rotate(rotate) translate(-offset) children();
}

// #####################################################################################################################################
// this cube can be centered on any axis
module centercube(xyz=[10,10,10],x=false,y=false,z=false) {
	translate([x==true?-xyz[0]/2:0,y==true?-xyz[1]/2:0,z==true?-xyz[2]/2:0]) cube(xyz);
}
// #####################################################################################################################################
// pythagoras yeah!
function pyth(a,b,c)			=(a==undef)?sqrt(pow(c,2)-pow(b,2)):(b==undef)?sqrt(pow(c,2)-pow(a,2)):(c==undef)?sqrt(pow(a,2)+pow(b,2)):undef;

```