[User]
I'd like to create a parametric design tool in OpenSCAD that can generate vases, boxes, and box caps from a 100x100 pixel image. The basic idea is to extrude a shape defined by the image, but with options to add twists, scaling, and control the overall size.

Here’s a breakdown of what I need:

**Core Functionality:**

1.  **Image Input:** The design should accept a 100x100 pixel image where the background is black and the drawing is white.
2.  **Shape Selection:** I need to be able to choose between generating a vase, a box, or a box cap.
3.  **Extrusion:** The image data, based on the whiteness, should be used to generate a 2D shape. This shape will be extruded to create the base for the object.
4.  **Height Control:**  The overall height of the generated object needs to be adjustable.
5. **Wall Thickness:** I need a parameter to set the wall thickness of the object.

**Vase Specific Features:**

1.  **Twist:** I want to be able to twist the shape along the extrusion axis.
2.  **Slices:**  The twist can be divided into a number of slices. This parameter should have a minimum of 2.
3.  **Scale:** The scale of the extruded shape can be changed from the base to the top, controlling the overall shape. The base is 1, between 0.1 and 1 the base will be greater than the top.
4.  **Resolution:** This should control the smoothness of the twist. It should have a minimum of 0.

**Box Specific Features:**

1.  **Basic Box:** The image will be extruded straight up.

**Box Cap Specific Features:**

1.  **Cap Creation:** The cap should be generated by inverting the extrusion direction and a small extra height.
2. **Edge Height:** There should be a parameter to control the height of the edge of the cap, so that it will fit within the box.

**General Settings:**

1.  **Width & Length:** The width and length of the object can be adjusted (although the base is still derived from the image).
2. **SolidObject:** Should be true or false, where true is for vases. If false, then the object will have a hollow center. This is meant to help specific slicers.

**Implementation Details:**

*   I think I'll need a way to convert the pixel brightness into a usable scale for the design. The original code uses 128 as a default.
*   Minkowski operations are used for thickness in the original code.
*   Make sure there are comments in the code to explain what is going on.

I'm not sure what libraries would be needed, but I'd like the final code to be relatively easy to customize. Is this something you can help with?

[Assistant]
V1.24_Parametric_drawing_Vase_Box-and_CapBox__rudy_ruffel.scad:
```
// ************* Credits part **************
// "Parametric Drawing Vase, Box,Caps..."
// Programmed by Rudy RUFFEL - Decembre 2014
// Optimized for Customizer makerbot
//
//
//********************** License ******************
//** "Parametric Drawing Vase, Box,Caps..." by rr2s    **
//**  is licensed under the Creative Commons     **
//** - Attribution - Non-Commercial license.     **
//*************************************************
//
//
// ************* Declaration part *************

/* [Base] */
// Which one would you like to see ? If you want a box, made in the first box and then made your cap.
Type = "Box"; // [Vase:Vase,Box:Box,Cap:Box Cap]
// (Choose the drawing or image you want to print. It must be of 100X100 pixels the background should be black and the image must be white (or use invert colors))
Drawing = ""; // [image_surface:100x100]
//(You can change this value depending on your drawing or image, 128 is a good value for start.)
levelOfGrey = 128; //[1:256]
// Height of your object in mm. If you made a box cap check the height of the cap that you want. Height is not included height edge of cap, Because when the box is closed the edge of cap is in the box. For the cap I generally used 2 or 3 mm.)
Height = 60;
// (Wall thickness)
ThicknessWall = 2;
// if cap. Height Of Edge Cap
HeightOfEdgeCap = 5;

/* [Distorsion] */
//(Warning. if you use distorsion with box, the cap could not work. Allows you to rotate the shape. Negative values can be used.The values is in °.Use the value betwen -500 and 500)
Twist = 0;

//(Warning. if you use distorsion with box, the cap could not work. Number of times the object will be sliced for the distorsion.The minimum value is 2)
Slices = 2;
// (Warning. if you use distorsion with box, the cap could not work. Scale of the form in proportion to the height.The base is 1. Between 0.1 and 1 the base will be greater than the top. Supperior at 1 to the base will be smaller that the top.)
Scale = 1;
//resolution for twist
Resolution = 0;//[0:200]

/* [Settings] */
// (The basic size of your object is proportional to its place on your image. We assume that the image import and 100X100 pixel and the design takes on the image of your object will be 100mm in width and 100mm length). You can change the width or use a value corresponding to a percentage eg 50% use 50.
Width = 100;
// (On the same principle as the width you can change the length)
Length = 100;
/* [Slicer] */
// (For the vase, some slicer slice better if the object is plein.Cela avoids the retractions. Example for Cura select "SolidObject = true" . And in Cura and use the parameter. - Fill Density (%) = 0,  choose your shell thickness, and expert in tab => open expert settings => infill => solid infill top = Disable)
SolidObject = "false";// [true,false]

// ************* private variable *************
TH  = ThicknessWall;
H   = Height;
I   = Drawing;
LOF = levelOfGrey;
W   = (1*Width)/100;
L   = (1*Length)/100;
TW  = Twist;
SL  = Slices;
SC  = Scale;
R   = Resolution;
HC  = HeightOfEdgeCap;

// ************* Executable part *************
print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (Type == "Vase"){
		if (SolidObject == "false"){
			union() {
				cut();
				Ground();
			}
		}else{
				cut();
		}
	}else if (Type == "Box") {
			union() {
				cutBox();
				Ground();
			}
	}else{
			rotate([180,0,0]) union() {
								mirror([0,0,1]) Around();
								mirror([0,0,1]) boxCaps();
			}
	}
}

// ************* Module part projection *************

// projection Drawing on surface
module ProjectionOnSurface(){
	projection(cut = true)
	translate([0,0,-(LOF)])
    scale([W,L,256]) surface(file=I, center=true, convexity=5);
}

// ************* Module part Base *************
module Around(){
	translate([0,0,-1]) linear_extrude(H, twist = TW, slices = SL, scale = SC, $fn = R) minkowski(){
	ProjectionOnSurface();
	circle(TH);
	}
}

module Ground(){
	difference(){
	translate([0,0,-1]) linear_extrude(H, twist = TW, slices = SL, scale = SC, $fn = R) minkowski(){
	ProjectionOnSurface();
	circle(TH);
	}
	translate([0,0,(H+10)/+TH]) cube([100,100,H+10],center = true);
	}
}

// ************* Module part Cut Vase *************
module Thickness(){
	 translate([0,0,-1]) linear_extrude(H+1,twist = TW, slices = SL, scale = SC, $fn = R) ProjectionOnSurface();
}

// ************* Module part Base box *************
//caps
module boxCaps(){
	translate([0,0,-1]) linear_extrude(H+HC) ProjectionOnSurface();
}

// ************* Module part Cut Box *************
module ThicknessBox(){
	translate([0,0,-1]) linear_extrude(H+1, twist = TW, slices = SL, scale = SC, $fn = R) minkowski(){
	ProjectionOnSurface();
	circle(0.3);
	}
}

// ************* Module group : base and cut  *************

module cut(){
	if (SolidObject == "false"){
			difference(){
				Around();
				Thickness();
			}
	}else{
		Around();
	}
}

module cutBox(){
			difference(){
				Around();
				ThicknessBox();
			}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a parametric ergonomic stand for my Apple Magic Trackpad, and I'd like it to be adjustable for both left and right-handed users. The main goal is to have the trackpad sitting at an angle to make it more comfortable to use. I've seen some designs out there but want to build one from scratch.

Here are the specific features I'm hoping for:

*   **Adjustable Angle:** The stand should allow the user to set the angle at which the trackpad sits, between 5 and 45 degrees.

*   **Handedness:** It needs to be configurable for both right-handed and left-handed use, so the design needs to flip based on this.

*   **Wrist Rest:** I'd like to incorporate an optional wrist rest. This wrist rest should have a parametric length between 0 and 12 cm. The whole design is in cm (not mm) but I'm working in OpenSCAD so I understand that everything would be converted internally.

*   **Rounded Corners:** The final design should have nice, rounded corners for a better aesthetic and feel.

*  **Parametric:** I want this to be fully parametric so I can change the parameters in OpenSCAD and the whole thing will rebuild itself.

I'm also aware that it can be hard to design things that touch without gaps, so maybe using a small global "overlap" variable, that defaults to .1mm, would be wise to allow for tolerances in printing.

I'm picturing a platform with a back wall to cradle the trackpad, and maybe some lower walls for added stability.  The whole thing should be designed to be 3d printed.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for this, and make sure that it all works together nicely? This should be a single scad file.

[Assistant]
magic_trackpad_ergonomic_support_with_wrist_rest.scad:
```
/**
 * Parametric module to create an angled ergonomic support for the Apple Magic Trackpad.
 *
 * This OpenSCAD library is part of the [dotscad](https://github.com/dotscad/dotscad)
 * project, an open collection of modules and Things for 3d printing.  Please check there
 * for the latest versions of this and other related files.
 *
 * @copyright  Chris Petersen, 2014
 * @license    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/LGPL/2.1/
 * @license    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
 *
 * @see        http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:263636
 * @source     https://github.com/dotscad/things/blob/master/magic_trackpad_ergonomic_support/magic_trackpad_ergonomic_support.scad
 */

/* ******************************************************************************
 * Thingiverse Customizer parameters and rendering.
 * ****************************************************************************** */

/* [Global] */

// Target angle of elevation
angle = 15; // [5:45]

// Which hand you use for the trackpad
handed = "right"; // [right,left]

// Add wrist rest to model
wrist_rest = "yes"; // [yes,no]

// Length of the wrist rest (cm)
wrist_rest_length = 8; // [0:12]

/* [Hidden] */

// I don't know why but OpenSCAD freaks out if $fn is 50 or 100
$fn=75;

// A global overlap variable (to prevent printing glitches)
$o = .1;

// Render the part
trackpad_platform(angle, handed);

/* ******************************************************************************
 * Main module code below:
 * ****************************************************************************** */

module round_corner() {
    difference() {
        translate([-5,-5,0]) cube([10,10,200]);
        translate([5,5,-1]) cylinder(r=5, h=202);
    }
}

// Newer variation of the lower wall, but it leaves the bottom edge of the support too
// thin/flimsy, so for now we'll use the original.
module lower_wall2(d) {
    t = 1;
    h = 6 + t;
    r = 11.5;
    union() {
        // back
        // @todo extend further.  may need to extend entire width just for strength.
        intersection() {
            translate([0,-1.3/2,0]) cube([3,16,d]);
            hull() translate([1.5,1,-10.1]) rotate([0,90,0])
                rotate_extrude(convexity = 10)
                translate([17, 0, 0])
                    circle(r = 1.5);
        }
        // front
        intersection() {
            cube([3,d,d]);
            hull() translate([1.5,d-16,-r/2]) rotate([0,90,0])
                rotate_extrude(convexity = 20)
                translate([r, 0, 0])
                circle(r = 1.5);
        }
    }
}

module lower_wall(d) {
    hull() {
        cube([3,1,6]);
        translate([1.5,-.5,6.5]) rotate([0,90,90]) cylinder(r=1.5,h=d-15);
        intersection() {
            cube([3,d,8]);
            translate([1.5,d-16,-5]) rotate([0,90,0])
                rotate_extrude(convexity = 10)
                translate([11.5, 0, 0])
                 circle(r = 1.5);
        }
     }
 }

module back_wall(d, angle) {
    t = .5;
    h = 6 + t;
    difference() {
        union() {
            cube([d+(tan(angle)*t),19+1.5+(1.5*1.5),h]);
            // Rear lip of the "cup"
            translate([0,1.5,h]) rotate([0,90,0]) intersection() {
                cylinder(r=1.5,h=d+(tan(angle)*t));
                hull() { // 5 is just an arbitrary number
                    translate([0,5/2,1.5]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.5,h=5);
                    translate([0,5/2,d+(tan(angle)*t) -1.5]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.5,h=5);
                }
            }
            // Front lip of the "cup"
            translate([0,19+1.5*1.5,h]) rotate([0,90,0]) intersection() {
                cylinder(r=1.5,h=d+(tan(angle)*t));
                hull() { // 5 is just an arbitrary number
                    translate([0,5/2,1.5]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.5,h=5);
                    translate([0,5/2,d+(tan(angle)*t) -1.5]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.5,h=5);
                }
            }
            // Front of the "cup"
            //intersection() {
                //cube([d+(tan(angle)*t),19.6,4]);
            //    translate([0,17.75-1.3,1.3]) rotate([0,90,0]) hull() { // 25 is just an arbitrary number
            //        translate([0,25/2,1.3+(tan(angle)*t)]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.3,h=25);
            //        translate([0,25/2,d+(tan(angle)*t) -1.3]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.3,h=25);
            //    }
            //}
            // Lip for the front of the "cup"
            //translate([0,19.6-1.3,4]) rotate([0,90,0]) intersection() {
            //    cylinder(r=1.3,h=d+(tan(angle)*t));
            //    hull() { // 5 is just an arbitrary number
            //        translate([0,5/2,1.3+(tan(angle)*t)]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.3,h=5);
            //        translate([0,5/2,d+(tan(angle)*t) -1.3]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.3,h=5);
            //    }
            //}
        }
        // note: trackpad rear diameter is 17.75mm.  Render at 19mm to account for PLA shrinkage
        translate([-$o,11.5,9.5+1.5-t+$o]) rotate([0,90,0]) {
            cylinder(r=9.5,h=200);
        }
    }
}

module trackpad_platform(angle, handed) {
    d = (13 * 10) + 3; // 13cm on a side, plus a little fudge for the wall
    wp = (wrist_rest == "yes") ? (wrist_rest_length * 10) + 3 : 0; // Convert cm to mm, add a litle fudge, 0 if no wrist rest
    t = 1;
    difference() {
        union() {
            difference() {
                // base
                difference() {
                    union() {
                        translate([0,(handed == "right" ? -2 : -wp),$o]) difference() {
                            cube([d,d+2+wp,d]);
                            rotate([0,-angle,0]) translate([-$o,-$o,t]) cube([d*2,d*2,d*2]);
                        }
                        // platform walls
                        rotate([0,-angle,0]) union() {
                            if (handed == "right") {
                                translate([0,-2,0]) back_wall(d, angle);
                                lower_wall(d);
                            }
                            else {
                                translate([d+(tan(angle)*2),d+2,0]) rotate([0,0,180]) back_wall(d, angle);
                                translate([3,d,0]) rotate([0,0,180]) lower_wall(d);
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (wrist_rest == "no") {
                        // front opening under the trackpad
                        translate([cos(angle)*23,(handed == "right" ? d-30 : -5),-$o])
                            cube([cos(angle)*(d-23)-cos(angle)*20, 40, 200]);
                    }

                    // @todo need about 2mm more on rear edge
                    // @todo lower edge is too thin (bends). For now, we're just using the old lower_wall variation
                    translate([0,(handed == "right" ? 10+5 : -10+35),-$o]) hull() {
                        for(t = [ [3+cos(angle)*15,0,0],
                                  [3+cos(angle)*15,d-40,0],
                                  [cos(angle)*(d-10)-3,d-40,0],
                                  [cos(angle)*(d-10)-3,0,0]
                                ]) {
                            translate(t) cylinder(r=5,h=d);
                        }
                    }
                    // Tiny cutout on the back wall for the trackpad feet
                    // @todo make this look right, and add for left handed.
                    //rotate([0,-angle,0]) union() {
                    //    translate([-$o,11, t]) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(r=1.25,h=200);
                    //}
                }

                // Rounded edges
                if (wrist_rest == "yes") {
                    // if adding wrist rest, we only want to round the front corners
                     if (handed == "right") {
                        for (tr=[ [ [0,d+wp,-$o],            [0,0,-90] ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*d,d+wp,-$o], [0,0,180] ],
                                ] ) {
                            translate(tr[0]) rotate(tr[1]) round_corner();
                        }
                    } else {
                        for (tr=[ [ [0,-wp,-$o],            [0,0,0]  ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*d,-wp,-$o], [0,0,90] ],
                                ] ) {
                            translate(tr[0]) rotate(tr[1]) round_corner();
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    // no wrist rest, round all corners of front
                    if (handed == "right") {
                        for (tr=[ [ [0,d,-$o],                    [0,0,-90] ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*d,d,-$o],         [0,0,180] ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*(d-20),d,-$o],    [0,0,-90] ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*(20+3),d,-$o],    [0,0,180] ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*(20+3),d-20,-$o], [0,0,90]  ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*(d-20),d-20,-$o], [0,0,0]   ],
                                ] ) {
                            translate(tr[0]) rotate(tr[1]) round_corner();
                        }
                    } else {
                        for (tr=[ [ [0,0,-$o],                           [0,0,0]   ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*d,0,-$o],                [0,0,90]  ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*d-cos(angle)*20,0,-$o],  [0,0,0]   ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*(20+3),0,-$o],           [0,0,90]  ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*(20+3),20,-$o],          [0,0,180] ],
                                  [ [cos(angle)*d-cos(angle)*20,20,-$o], [0,0,-90] ],
                                ] ) {
                            translate(tr[0]) rotate(tr[1]) round_corner();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // Max-width cutoff
        translate([cos(angle)*d,-d,-d/2]) cube([d*2,d*3,d*2]);
    }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a measuring cup using OpenSCAD. The design should be parametric so I can easily adjust the volume, wall thickness, and handle size. I've got some basic ideas that I'm using as a starting point, but I'd like you to generate the code for me.

The cup itself is essentially a hollow sphere with the top and bottom cut off to make it a usable cup shape. The sphere's radius will be determined by the desired volume, and I will specify a wall thickness as well. I would like the code to be able to take a volume in milliliters (or CC, they're the same) as the primary parameter. The height of the cup should be 4/5 of the sphere's radius. The basic shape of the cup should be a difference of two spheres.

For the handle, I'd like a simple rectangular prism (a cube extended along its X axis) attached to the side of the cup. I'll want to control its length, width, and height independently with parameters. It should be placed on the cup so its bottom edge is roughly flush with the bottom of the cup, and the handle should extend out from the cup. I'd like to add a small cylinder, scaled and rotated to make a slight "thumb rest" on the far edge of the handle.

I would like the resolution for the spheres to be adjustable, and want to specify it with a parameter. Please also ensure that the calculations for deriving the sphere radius from the volume are correct; the formula should start with `radius=10*pow((volume*375)/(236*pi),1/3)` and use the standard value for Pi.

Could you generate this code as a .scad file? I don't have any libraries or specific naming requirements, so whatever works is fine.

[Assistant]
Measureing_cup.scad:
```
//Volume in mL or CC.
volume=236.588;

wallThick=1.04; // [1.04:1.20]

//Who says it has to stay the same...
pi=3.1415926536;
radius=10*pow((volume*375)/(236*pi),1/3);

handlX=1.3*radius;
handlY=0.3*radius;
handlZ=0.2*radius;

//Resolution
res=30;

echo("volume: " );echo(volume);
echo("height: " );echo(4*radius/5);
echo("radius: ");echo(radius);
echo("thickness: ");echo(radius*(wallThick-1));

module cup(r)
{

	difference()
	{
	sphere(r,$fn=res);
	translate([0,0,(r+1)])cube(2*(r+1),true);

	translate([0,0,-(r+1)-4*r/5])cube(2*(r+1),true);
	}
}

difference()
{
cup(radius*wallThick);
translate([0,0,0.001])cup(radius);
}

translate([(handlX/2)+radius,0,-handlZ/2])cube([handlX,handlY,handlZ],true);
translate([(handlX/2)+radius+handlX/2,0,-(4*radius*wallThick/5)/2])cube([2,handlY,(4*radius*wallThick/5)],true);
translate([(handlX/2)+radius+handlX/2,0,-(4*radius*wallThick/5)])scale([4,1,1])cylinder(r=2*handlY/3,h=1,$fn=4);
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a handlebar insert for mounting mirrors on my T-bar handlebars, and I need some help generating the OpenSCAD code. I've seen similar designs using expanding wedges but I want to build mine from scratch.

Basically, it will consist of three parts: two identical expanding wedges and a center "push" piece. The wedges will be inserted into the handlebar ends, and when the center push piece is moved inward, they will expand outwards against the inside of the handlebar. The push piece won't move along the bar axis. The idea is that this will give me a very firm grip on the bar inner diameter.

Here's a more detailed breakdown of the design:

*   **Overall Structure:**
    *   There will be two mirrored "expanding wedges", which will be expanded outward by the central push piece.
    *   The push piece will be designed to fit between the two expanding wedges, and be a complementary shape to their angled surfaces.
    *   All three parts should be circular on their outer edges.
    *   The overall design needs to be parametric.

*   **Expanding Wedges:**
    *   Each wedge will be based on a cylinder with a cut-away section, forming a kind of "D" shape with a sloping interior side.
    *   Each wedge should have a circular through-hole for the bolt.
    *   Each wedge will have a hexagonal recess on the inner side for a nut. This allows the bolt to be tightened and expand the wedges.
    *   The cut-away section should be at an angle. I want to control this angle with a parameter in the SCAD file.

*   **Push Piece:**
    *   The push piece should fit snugly between the two angled faces of the expanding wedges.
    *   The top and bottom of this push piece need to be perpendicular to the axis of the bolt.
    *   The push piece should have a circular hole that allows it to slide along the bolt.
    *   The sides of the push piece should be angled to match the cutaways in the expanding wedges, so when it's pushed in, it forces them apart.
    *    The push piece should also include a space between the top and bottom so that they do not interfere with the main bolt which holds the device together.

*   **Parameters:**
    *   `height`: Overall height of the parts.
    *   `width`: Outer diameter of the base circle.
    *   `hole_width`: Diameter of the bolt hole.
    *    `expand_part_shift`: Distance the angled section starts inward from the edge
    *   `expand_gap`: Space between top and bottom of push piece
    *   `nut_width`: Width of the nut recess.
    *   `nut_height`: Height of the nut recess.
    *   `cut_angle` : Angle of the cut-away section in the expanding wedges.

I'm thinking this will probably require one .scad file but if you think it would be better to have multiple, let me know. I would prefer to not include any code from external libraries, if possible, since this is a pretty simple structure. Could you generate the code for this, please? I want to be able to adjust all of these parameters easily.

[Assistant]
handlebar-inserts.scad:
```
height = 25.0;
width = 16.0;
hole_width = 7;
expand_part_shift = 3;
expand_gap = 5;
nut_width = 10.25;
nut_height = 5;

$fn = 100;

module tube(height, radius, wall, center = false) {
  difference() {
    cylinder(h=height, r=radius, center=center);
    cylinder(h=height, r=radius-wall, center=center);
  }
}

module hexagon(size, height) {
	boxWidth = size/1.75;
	for (r = [-60, 0, 60]) rotate([0,0,r]) cube([boxWidth, size, height], true);
}

module base(height, width, hole_width, nut_width, nut_height) {
	difference() {
		tube(height, width / 2, (width - hole_width) / 2);
		translate([0, 0, nut_height / 2]) hexagon(nut_width, nut_height);
	}
}

module expanding_part() {
	difference() {
		base(height, width, hole_width, nut_width, nut_height);
		cut_block();
	}
}

module cut_block() {
	translate([-1 * width / 2, -1 * width / 2, expand_part_shift])
		rotate([0, 20, 0])
			translate([0, 0, -1 * height])
				cube([width*2, width, 100]);
}

module push_part() {
	difference() {
		intersection() {
			base(height, width, hole_width, nut_width, nut_height);
			cut_block();
			rotate([0, 0, 180]) cut_block();
		}

		translate([0, 0, height - expand_gap + 10]) cube([20, 20, 20], true);
	}
}

translate([-3, 0, 5]) expanding_part();
translate([3, 0, 5]) rotate([0, 0, 180]) expanding_part();
push_part();

// For demostration only:
%color("PowderBlue") {
	// Nut
	translate([0, 0, -10])
		difference() {
			hexagon(nut_width, nut_height);
			cylinder(h = 100, r = hole_width / 2, center = true);
		}

	// Bolt
	translate([0, 0, 60])
		cylinder(h = 40, r = hole_width / 2, center = true);
	translate([0, 0, 80])
		hexagon(nut_width, nut_height / 1.5);

	// Washer
	translate([0, 0, 35])
		tube(1, width / 2, (width - hole_width) / 2);
}
```


[User]
Hey there! I'm looking to create a customizable mini-sandwich maker, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD for this. I've got a pretty clear idea of what I want, and I'm hoping you can help generate the necessary SCAD files.

Basically, the sandwich maker will have a base, a pusher, an axis for the pusher, and a cap for the pusher. I'd like to be able to select which of these parts I want to see generated, so I need a variable for that. I'd also want to customize the shape of the sandwich, the axis, and the cap.

For the *sandwich shape*, I'd like to choose between: Cylinder, Square, Hexagon, Octagon, Rectangle, a Rectangle with Beveled Edges, Oval, and Heart. Each of these needs to be handled correctly in terms of the base, pusher and cut. I'm looking at having different diameters or widths depending on the shape - for example for the Heart I would like one variable to control the overall size, but for a cylinder I'd like to use diameter for the Width variable. I need to be able to set the height, the width, and, for the Oval and Rectangle, the length. I'm not super confident with how to work out the cut, so I'd like that done in a robust way.

The *pusher axis* can be a cylinder, a square or a hex shape. The axis should be sized appropriately for the shape of the sandwich and always centred on the shape.

Finally, the *cap* on top of the pusher axis can either be a cube or a sphere.

The files need to be parametric, so I can set the height of the sandwich, the width, the length (for applicable shapes), a resolution for the beveled rectangle, and a few other internal variables. I'm also assuming that the 'cut' for the sandwich will have a slight angle on the outside.

For now, I don't need any special libraries, so I think we can just use core OpenSCAD functionality.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for me, keeping all of these points in mind?

[Assistant]
Mini-Sandwich_Maker_V0.7-Rudy_Ruffel.scad:
```
// ************* Credits part *************
//            "Mini-sandwich Maker"
// Programmed by Rudy RUFFEL - Decembre 2014
// Optimized for Customizer makerbot
//
//
//********************** License ******************
//**        "Mini-sandwich_Maker" by rr2s        **
//**  is licensed under the Creative Commons     **
//** - Attribution - Non-Commercial license.     **
//*************************************************
//
//
// ************* Declaration part *************
/* [Global] */

/* [Part] */
// Select the part you want to see. If you change the settings select all the parts with the same setting.
PartOfObject = "Base";// [Base:Base,Pusher:Pusher,Axispusher:Axis pusher,Cap:Cap]

/* [Type] */
// What type of Mini-sandwich you want.
Type = "Heart"; // [Cylinder:Cylinder,Square:Square,Hex:Hex,Octagonal:Octagonal,Rectangle:Rectangle,RectangleBevel:Rectangle/Square Bevel,Oval:Oval,Heart:Heart]
// What type cap of Mini-sandwich you want.
TypeCap = "Sphere";// [Cube:Cube,Sphere:Sphere]
// What type Axis Pusher of Mini-sandwich you want.
TypeAxis = "Cylinder";// [Square:Square,Cylinder:Cylinder,Hex:Hex]
// Resolution Bevel if you have choose Rectangle/Square Bevel
RectangleBevelResoltuion = 50;

/* [Settings] */
// (Height of your Mini-sandwich in mm)
Height = 35;
// (The width of your Mini-sandwich in mm. if it's a circle or oval this is the diameter.if it's Heart this is a size)
Width = 25;
// (The length of your Mini-sandwich in mm. If it's Oval Length)
Length = 25;

/* [Hidden] */

	// ************* private variable *************
   // No change this variable. The code needs to be improved to use these variable.
	TP  = 5;//ThicknessPusher
	H   = Height+TP;
	W   = Width;
	L   = Length;
	TH  = 2 ; //ThicknessWall
	// other
	HAP = H+10;  //Height Axis Of Piston
	WAP = W/3.5; //Width Axis Of Piston or diametre if cinylinder or oval
	LAP = L/3.5; //Length Axis Of Piston
	RSB = RectangleBevelResoltuion;

// ************* Executable part *************

Type_Part();

// ************* Module part Piston *************

// Axis Piston Print
module AxisOfPistonCylinder(){
		if (TypeAxis == "Cylinder"){
			translate([0,0,-HAP/2+H-TH]) cylinder(HAP+TH, WAP/2, WAP/2,$fn=100);
		}if (TypeAxis == "Square"){
			translate([0,0,-HAP/2+H-TH]) cylinder(HAP+TH, WAP/2, WAP/2,$fn=4);
		}else if (TypeAxis == "Hex"){
			translate([0,0,-HAP/2+H-TH]) cylinder(HAP+TH, WAP/2, WAP/2,$fn=6);
		}
	}

// Cap of the piston Sphere
module CapPistionSphere(){
		translate([0,0,HAP+H/2+-WAP*1.5]) difference(){
		sphere(W/2,$fn=150);
		translate([0,0,-W/2]) cube(W,center=true);
		}
}

// cap of the piston Cube
module CapPistionCube(){
	translate([0,0,HAP+H/2+WAP+-W/2]) cube ([W/1.5,L/1.5,W/2],center=true);
	}

// Axis Piston Cut
module AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase(){
		if (TypeAxis == "Cylinder"){
			translate([0,0,-HAP/2+H-TH]) cylinder(HAP+TH, WAP/2+0.2, WAP/2+0.2,$fn=100);
		}if (TypeAxis == "Square"){
			translate([0,0,-HAP/2+H-TH]) cylinder(HAP+TH, WAP/2+0.2, WAP/2+0.2,$fn=4);
		}else if (TypeAxis == "Hex"){
			translate([0,0,-HAP/2+H-TH]) cylinder(HAP+TH, WAP/2+0.2, WAP/2+0.2,$fn=6);
		}
	}

// ************* Module part For Cylinder *************
module BaseCylinder(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH,$fn=100);
}

module PusherCylinder(){
	translate([0,0,H/2-TP-TP/2]) cylinder(TP, W/2-0.5, W/2-0.5,$fn=100);
}

module CutCylinder(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+1, W/2, W/2,$fn=100);
}

module CutCylinderAngle(){
	difference(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=100);
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH-(TH/1.1), W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=100);
	}
}

// ************* Module part For Square *************

module BaseSquare(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH*2, W/2+TH*2,$fn=4);
}

module PusherSquare(){
	translate([0,0,H/2-TP-TP/2]) cylinder(TP, W/2-0.5, W/2-0.5,$fn=4);
}

module CutSquare(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+1, W/2, W/2,$fn=4);
}

module CutSquareAngle(){
	difference(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH*2, W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=4);
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH*1.5-(TH/1.1), W/2+TH*4+H/3,$fn=4);
	}
}

// ************* Module part For Hex *************
module BaseHex(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH,$fn=6);
}

module PusherHex(){
	translate([0,0,H/2-TP-TP/2]) cylinder(TP, W/2-0.5, W/2-0.5,$fn=6);
}

module CutHex(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+1, W/2, W/2,$fn=6);
}

module CutHexAngle(){
	difference(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=6);
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH-(TH/1.1), W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=6);
	}
}

// ************* Module part For Octagonal *************

module BaseOctagonal(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH,$fn=8);
}

module PusherOctagonal(){
	translate([0,0,H/2-TP-TP/2]) cylinder(TP, W/2-0.5, W/2-0.5,$fn=8);
}

module CutOctagonal(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+1, W/2, W/2,$fn=8);
}

module CutOctagonalAngle(){
	difference(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=8);
	translate([0,0,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH-(TH/1.1), W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=8);
	}
}

// ************* Module part For Rectangle *************

module BaseRectangle(){
	translate([0,0,TH/2]) cube ([W+TH*2,L+TH*2,H+TH],center=true);
}

module PusherRectangle(){
	translate([0,0,H/2-TP]) cube ([W-0.5,L-0.5,TP],center=true);
}

module CutRectangle(){
	translate([0,0,TH/2-1]) cube ([W,L,H+1],center=true);
}

module CutRectangleAngle(){
	difference(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2+-0.5])  linear_extrude(H+TH,scale=2)  square([W+TH*2,L+TH*2],center=true);
	translate([0,0,-H/2+-0.5])  linear_extrude(H+TH,scale=1.5)  square([W+TH,L+TH],center=true);
	}
}

// ************* Module part For RectangleBevel*************

module BaseRectangleBevel(){
	minkowski(){
		translate([0,0,TH/2-1]) cube ([W+TH*2-20,L+TH*2-20,H+TH-2],center=true);
		cylinder(r=10,2,$fn = RSB);
	}
}

module PusherRectangleBevel(){
	minkowski(){
		translate([0,0,H/2-TP-TP/2+1.5])cube ([W-0.5-20,L-0.5-20,TP-2],center=true);
		cylinder(r=10,2,$fn = RSB);
	}
}

module CutRectangleBevel(){
	minkowski(){
		translate([0,0,TH/2-2]) cube ([W-20,L-20,H-1],center=true);
		cylinder(r=10,2,$fn = RSB);
	}
}

module CutRectangleBevelAngle(){
	difference(){
			minkowski(){ BaseRectangleBevelAngle1(); cylinder(r=10,2,$fn = RSB);}
			minkowski(){ CutRectangleBevelAngle2(); cylinder(r=10,2,$fn = RSB);}
	}
}

module BaseRectangleBevelAngle1(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2+-0.5])  linear_extrude(H+TH,scale=2) square([W+TH*2-20,L+TH*2-20],center=true);
}

module CutRectangleBevelAngle2(){
	translate([0,0,-H/2+-0.5])  linear_extrude(H+TH,scale=3) square([W+TH-20,L+TH-20],center=true);
}

// ************* Module part For Oval *************

module BaseOval(){
	hull(){
		translate([0,-L/2,-H/2]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH,$fn=100);
		translate([0,L/2,-H/2]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH,$fn=100);
	}
}

module PusherOval(){
	hull(){
		translate([0,-L/2,H/2-TP-TP/2]) cylinder(TP, W/2-0.5, W/2-0.5,$fn=100);
		translate([0,L/2,H/2-TP-TP/2]) cylinder(TP, W/2-0.5, W/2-0.5,$fn=100);
	}
}

module CutOval(){
	hull(){
		translate([0,-L/2,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+1, W/2, W/2,$fn=100);
		translate([0,L/2,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+1, W/2, W/2,$fn=100);
	}
}

module CutOvalAngle(){
	difference(){
		hull(){
			translate([0,-L/2,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=100);
			translate([0,L/2,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH, W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=100);
		}
		hull(){
			translate([0,-L/2,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH-(TH/1.1), W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=100);
			translate([0,L/2,-H/2-1]) cylinder(H+TH, W/2+TH-(TH/1.1), W/2+TH+H/3,$fn=100);
		}
	}
}

// ************* Module part For Heart *************

module BaseHeart(){
		translate ([-W/1.7+-TH,-W/1.7+-TH,-H/2])
		linear_extrude(H+TH)
			union (){
			square (W+TH,W+TH);
			translate ([W/2+TH,W+TH,0]) circle(W/2+TH,$fn=100);
			translate ([W+TH,W/2+TH,0]) circle(W/2+TH,$fn=100);
		}
}

module PusherHeart(){
		translate ([-W/1.7+0.5,-W/1.7+0.5,H/2-TP-TP/2])
		linear_extrude(TP) union (){
			square (W-1,W-1);
			translate ([(W-1)/2,W-1,0]) circle((W-1)/2,$fn=100);
			translate ([W-1,(W-1)/2,0]) circle((W-1)/2,$fn=100);
		}
}

module CutHeart(){
		translate ([-W/1.7,-W/1.7,-H/2+-1])
		linear_extrude(H+1) union (){
			square (W,W);
			translate ([W/2,W,0]) circle(W/2,$fn=100);
			translate ([W,W/2,0]) circle(W/2,$fn=100);
		}
}

module CutHeartAngle(){
	difference(){
	translate ([0,0,-H/2-0.1]) linear_extrude(H+TH,scale=2) BaseHeartAngle1();
	translate ([0,0,-H/2-0.1]) linear_extrude(H+TH,scale=1.5)  CutHeartAngle2();
	}
}

module BaseHeartAngle1(){
		translate ([-W/1.7+-TH,-W/1.7+-TH,0])
			union (){
			square (W+TH,W+TH);
			translate ([W/2+TH,W+TH,0]) circle(W/2+TH,$fn=100);
			translate ([W+TH,W/2+TH,0]) circle(W/2+TH,$fn=100);
		}
}

module CutHeartAngle2(){
		translate ([-W/1.7+-TH/2,-W/1.7+-TH/2,0])
			union (){
			square (W+TH/2,W+TH/2);
			translate ([W/2+TH/2,W+TH/2,0]) circle(W/2+TH/2,$fn=100);
			translate ([W+TH/2,W/2+TH/2,0]) circle(W/2+TH/2,$fn=100);
		}
}

// ************* Type part *************

module Type_Part() {
// For the cylinder
	if (Type == "Cylinder"){
		if (PartOfObject  == "Base"){
				rotate([180,0,0])
				difference(){
				BaseCylinder();
				AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase();
				CutCylinder();
				CutCylinderAngle();
			}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Pusher") {
				difference(){
				PusherCylinder();
				AxisOfPistonCylinder();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Axispusher") {
			AxisOfPistonCylinder();
		}else{//cap
				if (TypeCap == "Sphere"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionSphere();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}else if (TypeCap == "Cube"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionCube();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}
		}

// For the Square
	}else if (Type == "Square") {
		if (PartOfObject  == "Base"){
				rotate([180,0,0])
				difference(){
					BaseSquare();
					AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase();
					CutSquare();
					CutSquareAngle();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Pusher") {
				difference(){
					PusherSquare();
					AxisOfPistonCylinder();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Axispusher") {
			AxisOfPistonCylinder();
		}else{//cap
				if (TypeCap == "Sphere"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionSphere();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}else if (TypeCap == "Cube"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionCube();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}
		}

// For the Hex
	}else if (Type == "Hex") {
		if (PartOfObject  == "Base"){
				rotate([180,0,0])
				difference(){
					BaseHex();
					AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase();
					CutHex();
					CutHexAngle();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Pusher") {
				difference(){
					PusherHex();
					AxisOfPistonCylinder();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Axispusher") {
			AxisOfPistonCylinder();
		}else{//cap
				if (TypeCap == "Sphere"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionSphere();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}else if (TypeCap == "Cube"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionCube();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}
		}

// For the Octagonal
	}else if (Type == "Octagonal") {
		if (PartOfObject  == "Base"){
				rotate([180,0,0])
				difference(){
					BaseOctagonal();
					AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase();
					CutOctagonal();
					CutOctagonalAngle();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Pusher") {
				difference(){
					PusherOctagonal();
					AxisOfPistonCylinder();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Axispusher") {
			AxisOfPistonCylinder();
		}else{//cap
				if (TypeCap == "Sphere"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionSphere();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}else if (TypeCap == "Cube"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionCube();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}
		}

// For the Rectangle
	}else if (Type == "Rectangle") {
		if (PartOfObject  == "Base"){
				rotate([180,0,0])
				difference(){
					BaseRectangle();
					AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase();
					CutRectangle();
					CutRectangleAngle();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Pusher") {
				difference(){
					PusherRectangle();
					AxisOfPistonCylinder();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Axispusher") {
			AxisOfPistonCylinder();
		}else{//cap
				if (TypeCap == "Sphere"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionSphere();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}else if (TypeCap == "Cube"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionCube();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}
		}

// For the Rectangle Bevel
	}else if (Type == "RectangleBevel") {
		if (PartOfObject  == "Base"){
				rotate([180,0,0])
				difference(){
					BaseRectangleBevel();
					AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase();
					CutRectangleBevel();
					CutRectangleBevelAngle();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Pusher") {
				difference(){
					PusherRectangleBevel();
					AxisOfPistonCylinder();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Axispusher") {
			AxisOfPistonCylinder();
		}else{//cap
				if (TypeCap == "Sphere"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionSphere();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}else if (TypeCap == "Cube"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionCube();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}
		}

// For the Oval
	}else if (Type == "Oval") {
		if (PartOfObject  == "Base"){
				rotate([180,0,0])
				difference(){
					BaseOval();
					AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase();
					CutOval();
					CutOvalAngle();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Pusher") {
				difference(){
					PusherOval();
					AxisOfPistonCylinder();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Axispusher") {
			AxisOfPistonCylinder();
		}else{//cap
				if (TypeCap == "Sphere"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionSphere();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}else if (TypeCap == "Cube"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionCube();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}
		}

// For the Heart
	}else {// For the Heart
		if (PartOfObject  == "Base"){
				rotate([180,0,0])
				difference(){
					BaseHeart();
					AxisOfPistonCylinderCutBase();
					CutHeart();
					CutHeartAngle();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Pusher") {
				difference(){
					PusherHeart();
					AxisOfPistonCylinder();
				}
		}else if (PartOfObject  == "Axispusher") {
			AxisOfPistonCylinder();
		}else{//cap
				if (TypeCap == "Sphere"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionSphere();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}else if (TypeCap == "Cube"){
					difference(){
						CapPistionCube();
						AxisOfPistonCylinder();
					}
				}
		}

	}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable bauble for Christmas, something like an ornament. I'm thinking it should have a spiraling, almost cage-like structure, and I'd like to control several aspects of its design.

Specifically, I'd need to be able to set the number of loops that make up the spiral, the amount of twist in those spirals, the overall diameter of the bauble, and the thickness of the "shell," or material making up the spirals. I also want the option to choose between a single or double helix design and whether or not to include a loop at the top for hanging.

So, the parameters I envision are:

*   `loops`: An integer that controls the number of spirals.
*   `twist`: An integer controlling the amount of twist (rotation) in the spiral(s).
*   `size`: The diameter of the bauble.
*   `thickness`: The thickness of the material making up the spirals, and the width of the rectangular cross section of the spirals should be twice this.
*   `double_helix`: A boolean to switch between single and double helix. When true the second helix is twisted in the opposite direction.
*   `do_loop`: A boolean to toggle the hanging loop on or off.

I'm envisioning that the basic spiral shape is created by extruding a rectangular shape with a linear twist, and that the bauble is formed from the intersection of these spirals, some spheres, and a cube. The hanging loop should be a simple circle rotated around the z-axis.

Could you provide me with OpenSCAD code for this? I'm not using any libraries like MCAD, BOSL, or anything like that; just plain OpenSCAD.

[Assistant]
bauble.scad:
```
//AJC customisable bauble

//http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:602470
//inspired by http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:189704

//Number of loops
loops = 5; //[2:10]
//Twists
twist = 3; //[0:10]
//Diameter of bauble
size = 55; //[10:200]
//Thickness of shell (loops are twice this wide)
thickness = 3; //[1:10]
//Double or single twist
double_helix = true; //[true, false]
//Turn on or off loop for hanging
do_loop = true; //[true, false]

module spirals(twist=twist) {
    twistA = twist*360/(loops*2);
    linear_extrude(height=size, center=true, convexity=4, twist=twistA, slices=size)
        for (i = [1:loops]) {
            rotate(i*360/loops, [0,0,1])
                translate([-thickness,-1,0])
                    square([thickness*2,size/2+2], center=false);
        }
}
union() {
    intersection() {
        difference() {
            union() {
                    spirals(twist);
                if (double_helix == true) {
                    spirals(-twist);
                }
            }
            sphere(r=size/2-thickness, center=true);
        }
        sphere(r=size/2, center=true);
        translate([0,0,thickness/2])
            cube(size, center=true);
    }
    //Loop
    if (do_loop == true) {
        translate([0,0,size/2+2])
            rotate([90,0,0])
                rotate_extrude($fn=20)
                    translate([3,0,0])
                        circle(r = 1);
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a customizable 3D-printable cuff or bracelet, and I'd like it to be generated with OpenSCAD. I've been playing around with some designs but I'm really struggling with making it parametric and avoiding the need for support material.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

**Overall Structure:** The cuff will consist of two halves connected by hinges, closing with a simple pin and key mechanism. The design should be such that the hinges print closed and self-supporting, and don’t require support material. The halves should be mostly symmetrical, so you could theoretically swap them (with a caveat that one hinge is pre-printed).

**Parameters (and defaults):**

*   `Cuff_Size`: The inner diameter of the cuff, used to size it to fit a wrist (or whatever is being cuffed). Default: 35mm. Allowable range: 35-200mm.
*   `Hinge_Tolerance`: The tolerance (gap) between the hinge parts, to ensure they print and move freely. Default: 0.5mm.  Allowable values: 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, or 2 mm.
*   `Cuff_Width`: The width of the cuff itself (height along the arm when worn). Default: 50mm. Allowable range: 15-50mm.
*  `Accent_Style`: An integer to select the design of the cuff itself. Default 3 (Holes). 0: Emboss Inscription, 1: Engrave Inscription, 2: Studs, 3: Holes, 4: Plain.
*   `font_height`: Height of any text/accent. Default: 10mm. Allowable range 4-20mm.
*   `Front_Inscription`: Text for the front of the cuff. Default: "A".
*   `Back_Inscription`: Text for the back of the cuff. Default: "B".
*   `font`: Font to use for inscriptions (file path). Default: "write/BlackRose.dxf". Allow the user to select "write/Letters.dxf":Basic,"write/orbitron.dxf":Futuristic,"write/BlackRose.dxf":Fancy,"write/braille.dxf":Braille,"write/knewave.dxf":Smooth
*   `font_depth`:  Depth of the text, especially if embossing or engraving (try 25 for full cut-out). Default 0.5. Allowable options: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, or 25.
*   `Attachment_Bracket`: Number of attachment brackets for rope/string. Default: 2 (Both Sides). Allowable values: 0 (None), 1 (One Side), or 2 (Both Sides).
*   `Attachment_Style`: Size of attachment bracket. Default: 5 (Small). Allowable values: 0 (None), 5 (Small), 10 (Medium), or 20 (Thick).
*   `Attachment_Hole_Size`: Size of the hole in the attachment bracket. Default: 5 (Small). Allowable values: 5, 7 or 10.
*   `Locking_Pin_Head_Size`: Size of the locking pin head. Default: 0 (No head). Allowable values: 0 (No head), 1 (Small), 3 (Medium), or 5 (Larger).
*   `Locking_Pin_Head_Shape`: Shape of the locking pin head. Default: 1 (Square). Allowable values: 0 (Round) or 1 (Square).
*   `Print_Parts`:  Select which parts to print. Default: 1 (Everything).  Allowable values: 1 (Everything), 2 (Cuffs only), 5 (Lock Pin only), or 6 (Key only).
* `build_plate_selector`  For display only, doesn't contribute to final object. Default 0 (Replicator 2). Allowable Values: 0 (Replicator 2), 1 (Replicator), 2 (Thingomatic), 3 (Manual).
*   `build_plate_manual_x` when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension. Default 100. Allowable range 100-400
*  `build_plate_manual_y` when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension. Default 100. Allowable range 100-400

**Specific Design Details:**

*   **Hinges:** The hinges should print closed (as described above) and require minimal movement to free them. The hinge hole on one side should be slightly larger than the other to provide space for the pin to go in.
*   **Attachment Loops:** If used, these should have a slight slope on the underside to aid in printing without support.
*   **Cuff Halves:** Try to make the halves largely symmetric so they are interchangeable, keeping in mind one hinge will be pre-printed.
*   **Locking Mechanism:** A simple pin and key system.  The key and pin must be designed such that the tolerances allow them to function.
*   **Accents:** The cuff should support either an embossed or engraved inscription.  Studs or holes should be another accent option, and finally, a plain cuff is also an option. The font selection should use the 'write' library, as specified above.
*   **Rounded Edges:**  All edges should be gently rounded for comfort.

**Libraries to use:**

*   Include the `write` library.
* Include the standard `utils/build_plate.scad`

I'm really excited to see what you come up with! Let me know if you have any questions!

[Assistant]
cuffs-assembled.scad:
```
use <utils/build_plate.scad>

use<Write.scad>
include <write/Write.scad>
$fn=50*1;

//Select the diameter of the inside of the bracet in mm.  This should be at least as wide as the thing you are cuffing. Examples of wrist sizes to get you started:  62-XS, 65-S, 70-M, 75-L, 80-XL. Currently Selected:
Cuff_Size = 35; // [35:200]

// Tolerance of hinge action in mm. Currently Selected:
Hinge_Tolerance = 0.5; //[0.10,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2]

// Width of the cuffs in mm. Currently Selected:
Cuff_Width = 50; // [15:50]

// Thickness of the cuffs in mm. Currently selected:
//Cuff_Thickness = Cuff_Width/4;  //=5; //[5:20]

//Personalize your cuffs with an inscription, or various other options
Accent_Style = 3; // [0:Emboss Inscription,1:Engrave Inscription,2:Studs, 3:Holes, 4:Plain]

//Text (or accent) height should be less than the top surface width. Currently Selected:
font_height = 10; // [4:20]

//enter your custom inscription
Front_Inscription = "A";

//enter your custom inscription
Back_Inscription = "B";

//select the font of your choice
font = "write/BlackRose.dxf"; //["write/Letters.dxf":Basic,"write/orbitron.dxf":Futuristic,"write/BlackRose.dxf":Fancy,"write/braille.dxf":Braille,"write/knewave.dxf":Smooth]

// font depth can be adjusted, if embossing a smaller number is best. If you are engraving try out 25 to cut the letters out entierly for an interesting effect
font_depth = 0.5; // [0.5,1,2,3,5,8,25:25 - Cutout]

//Would you like a bracket to attach a string or rope?
Attachment_Bracket = 2; //[0:None,1:One Side,2:Both Sides]

//Adjust the size of the attachment bracket
Attachment_Style = 5; //[0:None,5:Small,10:Medium,20:Thick]

//Adjust the size of the hole in the attachment braket to accomodate different size rope or string
Attachment_Hole_Size = 5; // [5:Small,7:Medium,10:Large]

//The head on the locking pin can make it easier to remove the cuffs without the key.  If you do not wish to put a head on the pin making it more difficult to remove the cuffs select No head.
Locking_Pin_Head_Size=0; //[0:No head, 1:Small, 3:Medium, 5:Larger]

//Square locking pin heads are easier to wiggle out without using the key
Locking_Pin_Head_Shape=1*1; // //[0:Round,1:Square]

//Which parts would you like to print.
Print_Parts = 1; // [1:Everything,2:Cuffs only,5:Lock Pin only,6:Key only]

//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 0; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

emboss_or_engrave = Accent_Style;
print=Print_Parts;

inscription1 = Front_Inscription;
inscription2 = Back_Inscription;

cuff_inside_d = Cuff_Size;
cuff_wall = Cuff_Width/8;
cuff_outside_d = cuff_inside_d+cuff_wall*2;
cuff_middle_d = (cuff_outside_d+cuff_inside_d)/2;

cuff_hole_d = cuff_wall/2;
cuff_width = Cuff_Width;

cuff_edge_radius = cuff_wall/3;

hinge_play = Hinge_Tolerance;
hinge_hole_d = cuff_wall/2;

fudge = 0.05*1; // used to prevent 0 thinkness issues

hinge_offset = cuff_wall/2+hinge_play;

pin_head_d = hinge_hole_d+5;
pin_head_z = Locking_Pin_Head_Size;
pin_head_square = Locking_Pin_Head_Shape;

key_d = hinge_hole_d*0.9;// make the key smaller to fit in the hole
key_head_d = hinge_hole_d+5;
key_head_z = 5*1;

attachment_hole_d = Attachment_Hole_Size;
attachment_z = Attachment_Style;
attachment_count = Attachment_Bracket;

stud_d = font_height;
stud_deep = font_height/2+cuff_wall/2;

hole_d = font_height;

//		writecylinder(inscription,[0,0,0],cuff_outside_d/2,0,rotate=0,font=font,
	//				t=font_depth,h=font_height);

//make_cuff_side_1 ();
build_on_build_plate();

module hole() {

	translate([0,cuff_middle_d/2,0])
	rotate(90,[1,0,0])
			cylinder (r=hole_d/2,h=cuff_wall*2,center=true);
}

module holes() {

		translate([0, 0, -Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(-60,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, -Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(-20,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, -Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(20,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, -Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(60,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(-60,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(-20,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(20,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(60,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		rotate(0,[0,0,1])
			hole();

		rotate(40,[0,0,1])
			hole();

		rotate(-40,[0,0,1])
			hole();

//		rotate(74,[0,0,1])
//			hole();

//		rotate(-74,[0,0,1])
//			hole();

		translate([0, 0, -Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(180-60,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, -Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(180-20,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, -Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(180+20,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, -Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(180+60,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(180-60,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(180-20,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(180+20,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		translate([0, 0, Cuff_Width/3.5])
			rotate(180+60,[0,0,1])
				hole();

		rotate(180+0,[0,0,1])
			hole();

		rotate(180+40,[0,0,1])
			hole();

		rotate(180-40,[0,0,1])
			hole();

//		rotate(180+70,[0,0,1])
//			hole();

//		rotate(180-70,[0,0,1])
//			hole();

}

module stud() {
	translate([0,-cuff_middle_d/2,0])
		rotate(90,[1,0,0])
			cylinder (r1=stud_d/2,r2=0,h=stud_deep);
}

module studs (side) {
	if (side == 1) {
		rotate(0,[0,0,1])
			stud();

		rotate(37,[0,0,1])
			stud();

		rotate(-37,[0,0,1])
			stud();

		rotate(74,[0,0,1])
			stud();

		rotate(-74,[0,0,1])
			stud();

	} else {

		rotate(180+0,[0,0,1])
			stud();

		rotate(180+35,[0,0,1])
			stud();

		rotate(180-35,[0,0,1])
			stud();

		rotate(180+70,[0,0,1])
			stud();

		rotate(180-70,[0,0,1])
			stud();

	}

}

module build_on_build_plate() {
	if (print==1 || print == 2) {// print the front cuff
			translate ([+cuff_middle_d/2,0,cuff_width/2])
//				rotate (5,[0,0,1])
				translate ([-cuff_middle_d/2,0,0])
					make_cuff_side_1 ();
			translate ([0,0,cuff_width/2])
				make_cuff_side_2 ();
			translate ([cuff_middle_d/2,0,0])
				hinge_pin();
	}

	if (print==1 || print == 5) // print the front cuff
		translate ([-pin_head_d,0,0])
			pin();

	if (print==1 || print == 6) // print the front cuff
		translate ([0,-pin_head_d,0])
			key();
}

module attachment_point () {

	attachment_radius = attachment_z/4;

	join_block_size = attachment_hole_d/2+cuff_wall/2+attachment_radius*2;

	if (attachment_count==1 || attachment_count==2 ) {

		translate([cuff_middle_d/2+attachment_hole_d/2+cuff_wall/2,attachment_hole_d,0])

			difference() {
				union() {
					translate([-join_block_size/2+attachment_radius,0,0])
						rounded_cube([join_block_size,attachment_hole_d*2,attachment_z], attachment_radius);
			difference() {
					rounded_cyliner (rad=attachment_hole_d,corner_radius=attachment_radius,height=attachment_z*2);
				translate([attachment_hole_d, 0, -attachment_z*2.3])
				rotate([90, 0, 0])
				cylinder(r = attachment_hole_d*2, h = attachment_radius * 8, center = true);
			}
				}

				cylinder(r = attachment_hole_d/2, h = cuff_width+fudge, center = true);
			}
	}

	// add the second bracket
	if (attachment_count==2 ) {

			translate([-(cuff_middle_d/2+attachment_hole_d/2+cuff_wall/2),-attachment_hole_d*2.5,0])
				difference() {
					union() {
						translate([-(-join_block_size/2+attachment_radius),0,0])
							rounded_cube([join_block_size,attachment_hole_d*2,attachment_z], attachment_radius);

				difference() {
						rounded_cyliner (rad=attachment_hole_d,corner_radius=attachment_radius,height=attachment_z*2);
				translate([-attachment_hole_d, 0, -attachment_z*2.3])
				rotate([90, 0, 0])
				cylinder(r = attachment_hole_d*2, h = attachment_radius * 8, center = true);
			}
					}

					cylinder(r = attachment_hole_d/2, h = cuff_width+fudge, center = true);
				}
	}

}

module pin () {

	translate([0,0,(cuff_width+pin_head_z)/2])
		//rounded_cyliner (r=hinge_hole_d/2,corner_radius=hinge_hole_d/6,height=cuff_width+pin_head_z);
		cylinder (r=hinge_hole_d/2,h=cuff_width+pin_head_z,center=true);

	if (pin_head_z > 0) {
		if (pin_head_square==1) {
			translate([0,0,(pin_head_z)/2])
				rounded_cube([pin_head_d,pin_head_d, pin_head_z], pin_head_z/2);

		} else {
			translate([0,0,(pin_head_z)/2])
				rounded_cylinder(r = pin_head_d/2, corner_radius=pin_head_z/2, height=pin_head_z);
		}
	}
}

module hinge_pin () {
echo (hinge_hole_d);
	translate([0,0,cuff_width/2])
		cylinder(r=hinge_hole_d/2,h=cuff_width,center=true);

}

module key () {

	translate([0,0,(cuff_width+key_head_z)/2])
		cylinder(r=key_d/2,h=cuff_width+key_head_z,center=true);
		//rounded_cyliner (r=key_d/2,corner_radius=key_d/4,height=cuff_width+key_head_z);

	if (key_head_z > 0) {
		translate([0,0,pin_head_z/2])
			rounded_cube([pin_head_d,pin_head_d, pin_head_z], pin_head_z/2,center=true);
			//rounded_cyliner(r = key_head_d/2, corner_radius=key_head_z/4, height=key_head_z);
	}
}

module hinge_hole (side = 1) {

	if (side == 1) {
		cylinder(r = 	hinge_hole_d/2, h = cuff_width+fudge, center = true);
	} else {
		cylinder(r = 	hinge_hole_d/2+hinge_play/2, h = cuff_width+fudge, center = true);

	}

}

module hinge (side =1) {
// create a hindge in the middle, something else will move it into position

	segment = cuff_width/3-hinge_play;

	length_of_filler = cuff_wall/2+hinge_offset+cuff_edge_radius;

	if (side == 1 || side == 4 ) {
		translate([0, 0, cuff_width/3+hinge_play/2])
			//rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,cuff_wall,segment],cuff_edge_radius);
			rounded_cyliner (rad=cuff_wall/2,corner_radius=cuff_edge_radius,height=segment);

		translate([0, 0, -cuff_width/3-hinge_play/2])
			//rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,cuff_wall,segment],cuff_edge_radius);
			rounded_cyliner (rad=cuff_wall/2,corner_radius=cuff_edge_radius,height=segment);

		*translate([0, -hinge_offset/2-cuff_edge_radius, cuff_width/3+hinge_play/2])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,hinge_offset+cuff_edge_radius*2,segment],cuff_edge_radius);
			//rounded_cyliner (rad=cuff_wall/2,corner_radius=cuff_edge_radius,height=segment);

		*translate([0, -hinge_offset/2-cuff_edge_radius, -cuff_width/3-hinge_play/2])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,hinge_offset+cuff_edge_radius*2,segment],cuff_edge_radius);
			//rounded_cyliner (rad=cuff_wall/2,corner_radius=cuff_edge_radius,height=segment);

if (side == 1) {
		translate([0, -length_of_filler/2+cuff_edge_radius, -cuff_width/3-hinge_play/2])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,length_of_filler,segment],cuff_edge_radius);

		translate([0, -length_of_filler/2+cuff_edge_radius, cuff_width/3+hinge_play/2])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,length_of_filler,segment],cuff_edge_radius);
} else {
		translate([0, length_of_filler/2-cuff_edge_radius, -cuff_width/3-hinge_play/2])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,length_of_filler,segment],cuff_edge_radius);

		translate([0, length_of_filler/2-cuff_edge_radius, cuff_width/3+hinge_play/2])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,length_of_filler,segment],cuff_edge_radius);
}

	} else {

		translate([0, 0, 0])
			//rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,cuff_wall,cuff_width/3],cuff_edge_radius);
			rounded_cyliner (rad=cuff_wall/2,corner_radius=cuff_edge_radius,height=cuff_width/3);

/*
		translate([0, hinge_offset/2+cuff_edge_radius, 0])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,hinge_offset+cuff_edge_radius*2,cuff_width/3],cuff_edge_radius);
*/

if(side == 3) {

		translate([0, -length_of_filler/2+cuff_edge_radius, 0])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,length_of_filler,cuff_width/3],cuff_edge_radius);
} else {
		translate([0, length_of_filler/2-cuff_edge_radius, 0])
			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,length_of_filler,cuff_width/3],cuff_edge_radius);
}

//		translate([0, -length_of_filler/2+cuff_edge_radius, cuff_width/3+hinge_play/2])
//			rounded_cube ([cuff_wall,length_of_filler,segment],cuff_edge_radius);

	}
}

module rounded_cyliner (rad,corner_radius,height) {

	cylinder(r = rad, h = height, center = true);

/*

	// there some issue with this code that it works in OpenSCad but it won't convert to STL.  Not sure what the issue is.
		rotate_extrude(convexity = 20)
			translate([rad-corner_radius, height/2-corner_radius, 0])
				circle(r = corner_radius);

		rotate_extrude(convexity = 20)
			translate([rad-corner_radius, -height/2+corner_radius, 0])
				circle(r = corner_radius);

		cylinder(r = 	rad-corner_radius, h = height, center = true);

		*rotate_extrude(convexity = 10)
			translate([0, 0, 0])
				square ([rad*2-corner_radius*2,height],center = true);

		cylinder(r = 	rad, h = height-corner_radius*2, center = true);
		*rotate_extrude(convexity = 10)
			translate([0, 0, 0])
				square ([rad*2,height-corner_radius*2],center = true);

		*/
}

module rounded_cube(size, radius)
// Modified version of the function available in this library
// roundedBox([width, height, depth], float radius, bool sidesonly);
// Library: boxes.scad
// Version: 1.0
// Author: Marius Kintel
// Copyright: 2010
// License: BSD

{
  rot = [ [0,0,0], [90,0,90], [90,90,0] ];

    cube([size[0], size[1]-radius*2, size[2]-radius*2], center=true);
    cube([size[0]-radius*2, size[1], size[2]-radius*2], center=true);
    cube([size[0]-radius*2, size[1]-radius*2, size[2]], center=true);

    for (axis = [0:2]) {
      for (x = [radius-size[axis]/2, -radius+size[axis]/2],
             y = [radius-size[(axis+1)%3]/2, -radius+size[(axis+1)%3]/2]) {
        rotate(rot[axis])
          translate([x,y,0])
          cylinder(h=size[(axis+2)%3]-2*radius, r=radius, center=true);
      }
    }
    for (x = [radius-size[0]/2, -radius+size[0]/2],
           y = [radius-size[1]/2, -radius+size[1]/2],
           z = [radius-size[2]/2, -radius+size[2]/2]) {
      translate([x,y,z]) sphere(radius);
    }

}

module make_cuff_side_1 () {

	translate([0, -hinge_offset, 0]) {
		difference() {
			full_round_with_text ();
			mask_half (side=1);

			if (emboss_or_engrave==3)
				holes();
		}

		if (emboss_or_engrave==0) {
			translate ([0,0,font_height/4]) {
				writecylinder(inscription1,[0,0,0],cuff_outside_d/2,0,rotate=0,font=font,
					t=font_depth,h=font_height,center=true);
			}
		}

		if (emboss_or_engrave==2) //
			studs(side=1);

		translate([cuff_middle_d/2, -cuff_edge_radius, 0])
			rounded_cube([cuff_wall,cuff_edge_radius*2,cuff_width], radius=cuff_edge_radius);
		translate([-cuff_middle_d/2, -cuff_edge_radius, 0])
			rounded_cube([cuff_wall,cuff_edge_radius*2,cuff_width], radius=cuff_edge_radius);

	}

// create side 1 hinge
	translate([cuff_middle_d/2, 0, 0])
	difference() {
		hinge (side = 1);
		hinge_hole(side = 1);

	}
	translate([-cuff_middle_d/2, 0, 0])
		difference() {
			hinge (side = 3);
			hinge_hole(side = 1);
		}

}

module make_cuff_side_2 () {
	translate([0, +hinge_offset, 0]) {
		difference() {
			full_round_with_text();
			mask_half (side=2);
			if (emboss_or_engrave==3)
				holes();
		}

		if (emboss_or_engrave==0) { // emboss
			translate ([0,0,font_height/4]) {

				rotate (a=180,v=[0,0,1])
					writecylinder(inscription2,[0,0,0],cuff_outside_d/2,0,rotate=0,font=font,
						t=font_depth,h=font_height,center=true);
			}
		}

		if (emboss_or_engrave==2) //
			studs(side=2);

		translate([cuff_middle_d/2, cuff_edge_radius, 0])
			rounded_cube([cuff_wall,cuff_edge_radius*2,cuff_width], radius=cuff_edge_radius);

		translate([-cuff_middle_d/2, cuff_edge_radius, 0])
			rounded_cube([cuff_wall,cuff_edge_radius*2,cuff_width], radius=cuff_edge_radius);

// create attachement point
			attachment_point ();

	}

// create side 2 hinge
	translate([cuff_middle_d/2, 0, 0])
	difference() {
		hinge (side = 2);
		hinge_hole(side = 2);
	}

	translate([-cuff_middle_d/2, 0, 0])
	difference() {
		hinge (side = 4);
		hinge_hole(side = 2);
	}

}

module mask_half (side=1) {
	if (side == 1) {
		translate([0, (cuff_outside_d/2+fudge+cuff_edge_radius*2)/2 - cuff_edge_radius, 0])
			cube([cuff_outside_d+fudge,
					cuff_outside_d/2+fudge+cuff_edge_radius*2,
					cuff_width+fudge], center=true);
	} else {

		translate([0, -((cuff_outside_d/2+fudge+cuff_edge_radius*2)/2 - cuff_edge_radius), 0])
			cube([cuff_outside_d+fudge,
					cuff_outside_d/2+fudge+cuff_edge_radius*2,
					cuff_width+fudge], center=true);

	}

}

module full_round_cuff () {

	cuff_radius_x_offset = cuff_wall/2-cuff_edge_radius;
	cuff_radius_y_offset = cuff_width/2-cuff_edge_radius;

		rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 50)
			translate([cuff_middle_d/2+cuff_radius_x_offset, cuff_radius_y_offset, 0])
				circle(r = cuff_edge_radius, $fn = 50);
		rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 50)
			translate([cuff_middle_d/2-cuff_radius_x_offset, cuff_radius_y_offset, 0])
				circle(r = cuff_edge_radius, $fn = 50);

		rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 50)
			translate([cuff_middle_d/2+cuff_radius_x_offset, -cuff_radius_y_offset, 0])
				circle(r = cuff_edge_radius, $fn = 50);

		rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 50)
			translate([cuff_middle_d/2-cuff_radius_x_offset, -cuff_radius_y_offset, 0])
				circle(r = cuff_edge_radius, $fn = 50);
		rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 50)
			translate([cuff_middle_d/2, 0, 0])
				square ([cuff_wall,cuff_width-cuff_edge_radius*2],center = true);

		rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 50)
			translate([cuff_middle_d/2, 0, 0])
				square ([cuff_wall-cuff_edge_radius*2,cuff_width],center = true);

}

module full_round_with_text() {
	difference() {
		full_round_cuff();

		// engraving
		if (emboss_or_engrave==1) {
			translate ([0,0,font_height/4]) {
				writecylinder(inscription1,[0,0,0],cuff_outside_d/2,0,rotate=0,font=font,
					t=font_depth*2,h=font_height,center=true);

				rotate (a=180,v=[0,0,1])
					writecylinder(inscription2,[0,0,0],cuff_outside_d/2,0,rotate=0,font=font,
						t=font_depth*2,h=font_height,center=true);
			}
		}
	}

//embossing
		*if (emboss_or_engrave==0) {
			translate ([0,0,font_height/4]) {
				writecylinder(inscription1,[0,0,0],cuff_outside_d/2,0,rotate=0,font=font,
					t=font_depth,h=font_height,center=true);

				rotate (a=180,v=[0,0,1])
					writecylinder(inscription2,[0,0,0],cuff_outside_d/2,0,rotate=0,font=font,
						t=font_depth,h=font_height,center=true);
			}
		}

}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design some screw-together storage containers, and I think OpenSCAD is the way to go. Basically, I want a set of cups that can screw into each other using a tapered thread design. I’m thinking the taper will come from slight chamfers at the top and bottom of each cup section, creating the male and female threads respectively.

Here's what I need it to do:
1.  **Parametric Design:** I want to control the following parameters:
    *   `wall_thickness`: This should be slightly larger than the printer nozzle size, and I might want to set it to 0 for lids/straight cups.
    *   `cup_height`: The overall height of the cup (0 for a lid).
    *   `cup_diameter`: The outer diameter of the cup.  For a lid, it should be 3x the wall thickness larger than the mating cup.
    *   `thread_pitch`: The vertical distance of one full thread turn.
    *   `turns_to_lock`:  The number of turns used for the top and bottom chamfers. This also dictates the minimum height if I'm making a lid.
    *   `thread_depth`:  How deep the thread protrudes. I need to be able to reduce this if my prints are failing.
    *   `quality`: The number of segments to use for curves (i.e. `$fn`).

2.  **Chamfered Thread:** The thread should be formed by chamfers at the top and bottom of the cylindrical cup sections. I'm not sure how to do that exactly, but I'm hoping that you can make the chamfers automatically create the threads.

3.  **Solid Parts:** I only need to output solid parts. No need for any hollow containers.

4.  **Spiralize Option**: While I know the model will be solid, I intend to print the final parts with a spiralize option so it's important that the thread is contiguous.

I'm not really interested in having the cups fit into each other or being able to design two parts that fit together (as though creating a lid or cap), but it'd be nice if you can specify in the comments how I could modify the files if that were desired. I'd like the code to be robust to changes in the variables (including 0 for `wall_thickness`, `cup_height`, or `turns_to_lock`). If you have any recommendations for what library would help here, I'm all ears.

[Assistant]
screwcupgeneratorV2.scad:
```
//Screwcup Generator for OpenSCAD v2
//by Hunter Frerich - Jul 2015

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

//set slightly bigger than your nozzle size, 0 for a lid or straight cup
wall_thickness=1.0;

//set to 0 for a lid
cup_height=40.0;

//add 3x wall thickness for a lid
cup_diameter=60.0;

//height of one turn
thread_pitch=12;

//how many turns to make the top and bottom chamfer, also sets minimum (lid) height
turns_to_lock=0.7;

//reduce this if print fails
thread_depth=0.75;

//quality
quality=60;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////

screwcup (thread_pitch, cup_height, quality, cup_diameter, wall_thickness,turns_to_lock);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////

module screwcup(pitch, height, qual, male, wall, chamf)
{

union()	{

if (2*chamf*pitch >= height){

///make top chamfer when height less than both chamfers///

translate([0,0,chamf*pitch-0.001])
linear_extrude(height = chamf*pitch, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = -(360*chamf*pitch/pitch), $fn = qual, scale=((male+1*wall)/male) , slices=chamf*pitch*100/pitch)
translate([thread_depth*((male+0.6*wall)/male), 0, 0])
circle(r = (male/2));

}

else {

///normal make top chamfer///

translate([0,0,height-(chamf*pitch)-0.002])
rotate([0,0,(360*((height-2*(chamf*pitch)))/pitch)])
linear_extrude(height = chamf*pitch, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = -(360*chamf*pitch/pitch), $fn = qual, scale=((male+1*wall)/male) , slices=chamf*pitch*100/pitch)
translate([thread_depth*((male+0.6*wall)/male), 0, 0])
circle(r = ((male/2)));

}

///make center///

translate([0,0,chamf*pitch-0.001])
linear_extrude(height = height-2*(chamf*pitch), center = false, convexity = 10, twist = -(360*((height-2*(chamf*pitch)))/pitch), $fn = qual, scale=(1) , slices=(height-2*(chamf*pitch))*100/pitch)
translate([thread_depth, 0, 0])
circle(r = (male/2));

///make bottom chamfer///

translate([0,0,chamf*pitch])
rotate([180,0,0])
linear_extrude(height = chamf*pitch, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = -(360*((chamf*pitch))/pitch), $fn = qual, scale=((male-1.35*wall)/male), slices=chamf*pitch*100/pitch)
translate([thread_depth, 0, 0])
circle(r = ((male/2)));

		}
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////

```
screwcupgenerator.scad:
```
//Screwcup Generator for OpenSCAD
//by Hunter Frerich - Dec 2014

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

//set slightly bigger than your nozzle size, 0 for a lid or straight cup
wall_thickness=1.0;

//set to 0 for a lid
cup_height=40.0;

//add 3x wall thickness for a lid
cup_diameter=60.0;

//height of one turn
thread_pitch=12;

//how many turns to make the top and bottom chamfer, also sets minimum (lid) height
turns_to_lock=0.7;

//reduce this if print fails
thread_depth=0.75;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////

screwcup (thread_pitch, cup_height, 100, cup_diameter, wall_thickness,turns_to_lock);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////

module screwcup(pitch, height, qual, male, wall, chamf)
{

union()	{

if (2*chamf*pitch >= height){

///make top chamfer when height less than both chamfers///

translate([0,0,chamf*pitch-0.001])
linear_extrude(height = chamf*pitch, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = -(360*chamf*pitch/pitch), $fn = qual, scale=((male+1*wall)/male) , slices=chamf*pitch*100/pitch)
translate([thread_depth*((male+0.6*wall)/male), 0, 0])
circle(r = (male/2));

}

else {

///normal make top chamfer///

translate([0,0,height-(chamf*pitch)-0.002])
rotate([0,0,(360*((height-2*(chamf*pitch)))/pitch)])
linear_extrude(height = chamf*pitch, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = -(360*chamf*pitch/pitch), $fn = qual, scale=((male+1*wall)/male) , slices=chamf*pitch*100/pitch)
translate([thread_depth*((male+0.6*wall)/male), 0, 0])
circle(r = ((male/2)));

}

///make center///

translate([0,0,chamf*pitch-0.001])
linear_extrude(height = height-2*(chamf*pitch), center = false, convexity = 10, twist = -(360*((height-2*(chamf*pitch)))/pitch), $fn = qual, scale=(1) , slices=(height-2*(chamf*pitch))*100/pitch)
translate([thread_depth, 0, 0])
circle(r = (male/2));

///make bottom chamfer///

translate([0,0,chamf*pitch])
rotate([180,0,0])
linear_extrude(height = chamf*pitch, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = -(360*((chamf*pitch))/pitch), $fn = qual, scale=((male-1.35*wall)/male), slices=chamf*pitch*100/pitch)
translate([thread_depth, 0, 0])
circle(r = ((male/2)));

		}
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////

```


[User]
I'm looking to generate a hair-like structure for 3D printing. I've got this idea that if I print small, thin bars that are horizontal, they might droop a little during printing and look like individual strands of hair.

I want a parametric design where I can specify the overall width, length, and height of a rectangular "base" volume. Then, within that volume, I'd like to have these small "hair" bars running through it. These bars should alternate in direction on each layer: so, on one layer they would be oriented along the width, and on the next, along the length. They should also be slightly offset perpendicular to their direction, also alternating every layer. I'd like to be able to specify the thickness of these hair strands, as well.

I think this can be accomplished by placing small cubes and scaling them to create bar shapes. I'm not sure if I need to use any particular libraries, as I think it's possible with built-in OpenSCAD features.

I've attempted something in the past, but it's quite computationally expensive. I'm hoping a better algorithm can make this a lot more efficient. If you need some parameters to work with in your design, let's say the base dimensions are 4x4x4, with the hair thickness being 0.16.

[Assistant]
hair.scad:
```
hair_width=0.16;
width=4;
length=4;
height=4;

hw=hair_width;

hair(width,length,height);
scale([width,length,height]) cube();

module hair(w,l,h)
{
		for(x=[1:w-1],y=[1:l-1], z=[1:h])
		{
		translate([x,y,z]) scale([4, hw, hw]) translate([0,(z%2-0.5)*3,-0.5]) cube(center=true);
		translate([x,y,z]) scale([hw, 4, hw]) translate([(z%2-0.5)*3,0,-0.5]) cube(center=true);
		}
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable knob for various adjustments, like for a 3D printer. I want it to have a main knob part with a textured grip, and a cylindrical axel that attaches to whatever I need to adjust. The axel also needs to have an optional integrated nut recess for tightening purposes. Here are some specific requirements:

**Main Knob:**

*   The main knob should be a cylindrical shape with a parameterized height and radius.
*   The grip texture should be created by adding evenly spaced oval shapes around the circumference, slightly inset into the main cylinder. The number of these oval shapes should also be adjustable.
*   The oval shapes should have a controllable radial "squish," meaning I can adjust their elongation along the radius of the knob.

**Axel:**

*   The axel should be a cylinder with adjustable height, outer diameter, and inner diameter (to allow for a bolt or shaft).
*   I'd like an option to add a hexagonal nut recess into the axel. This should be controlled by a parameter; if it's turned on, the nut recess should be made with a customizable diameter, height, and standard number of sides (6) to fit a standard nut.
*   The nut recess should have a hole through it, and that hole's diameter should be adjustable as well to allow for different nut hole tolerances. The nut recess should also have a small relief area to ensure the nut goes in fully, and I'm thinking that the nut recess should be slightly proud of the cylinder's main surface.

**General Requirements:**

*   All dimensions should be controlled by parameters.
*   I want the design to be easily customizable so I can make several differently sized knobs.
*   I think it would be good to use OpenSCAD.

Would you be able to create an OpenSCAD file or files for this design? I don't have any particular library in mind, but if there's a standard one that's useful for doing this, I'm open to suggestions.

[Assistant]
knop_V2.scad:
```
/*[[Parameters]]*/
//knob height
KnobHeight = 6;
//Number of rimpels of the Knob
NumberOfSides=24;
//Radius of the knob
radius=25;
//rimple from 0.5 to ......
rimple=0.6;
//Height of the axel
heightAxel = 24;
//Outer diameter of Axel
OuterDiameter = 14;
//Inner diameter of axel
InnerDiameter = 8;

/*[[Extra Nut settings]]*/
InsertExtraNut = 0;
//Nut Diameter
NutDiameter = 13;
//NutHeight
NutHeight = 4.6;

$fn=72;
Cr =radius*sin(180/NumberOfSides);
offset= sqrt(pow(radius,2)-pow(Cr,2));

echo(Cr);
echo(offset);

module oval()
{
    scale([rimple,1,1])
    circle(r=Cr);
}

module knob()
{
linear_extrude(height=KnobHeight)
difference(){
    union(){
        circle(r=radius,$fn=NumberOfSides);
        for(a=[0:360/NumberOfSides*2:360])
        {
            rotate(a,0,0)translate([offset,0,0])oval();
        }
    }
    for(a=[360/NumberOfSides:360/NumberOfSides*2:360])
    {
       rotate(a,0,0)translate([offset,0,0])oval();
    }
}
}

module Main(){
    render(10)
    difference(){
        union(){
        knob();
        cylinder(r=OuterDiameter,h=heightAxel);
        };
        cylinder(r=InnerDiameter,h=heightAxel);
        if (InsertExtraNut==1){
        translate([0,InnerDiameter+1.25,heightAxel-5.4])NutInMaterial();
        mirror([0,1,0])
        translate([0,InnerDiameter+1.25,heightAxel-5.4])NutInMaterial();
        }
        difference(){
            cylinder(r=NutDiameter, h=NutHeight, $fn=6);
            cylinder(r=InnerDiameter+0.5,h=NutHeight);

    }
    };

}

module NutInMaterial()
{
  rotate([-90,0,0])
    union(){
    cylinder(r=2.7,h=2.3,$fn=6, center=true);
    translate([0,-3.2,0])cube([5.4,6.4,2.3],center=true);
    translate([0,0,-2.7])cylinder(r=1.65, h=10, $fn=24);
    }
}

//NutInMaterial();
Main();

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable centrifugal fan, similar to the design I saw on Thingiverse. I need an OpenSCAD design, or a set of designs, that will allow me to generate the fan blades, the fan case, and the fan lid as separate objects, all parameterized so I can adjust their dimensions.

Here are the specific features and parameters I'd like to be able to control:

**Fan Blade Assembly:**

*   **Base:**
    *   `Blade_Base_Radius`: The radius of the circular base of the blade assembly.
    *   `Blade_Base_Height`: The height of this base.
*   **Center Cone:**
    *   `Blade_Cone_Radius`: The top radius of the center cone.
    *   `Blade_Cone_Height`: The height of the center cone.
*   **Shaft Hole:**
    *   `Blade_Hole_Size`: The size of the shaft hole.
    *   `Blade_Hole_Type`:  A choice between "circle" or "square" for the shaft hole shape.
*   **Blades:**
    *   `Blade_Type`: The blade type, with options for "front", "radial", or "back".
    *   `Blade_Number`: The number of blades.
    *   `Blade_Distance`: The radial distance of the blades from the rotor center.
    *   `Blade_Angle`: The tilt angle of the blade base in degrees (-90 to 90).
    *   `Blade_Length`: The length of each blade.
    *   `Blade_Thickness`: The thickness of each blade at its base.
    *   `Blade_Height`: The height of each blade.
*   **Blade Warping:**
    *   `Warp_Type`: The type of warp applied to the blades, with options for "atgen" (warp during generation), "postgen" (warp after generation), and "off" (no warp).
    *   `Warp_Severity`: The angle of twist in degrees for the warping.
    *   `Warp_Scale`: The scale of the top of the blade relative to the bottom during warping.
    *   `Slice_Number`: The number of vertical slices used for warped blades.
*   `Definition`:  The number of facets to use when generating curves, i.e. `$fn`.

**Fan Case:**

*   `Case_Side_Gap`: The horizontal gap between the rotor and the case.
*   `Case_Vertical_Gap`: The vertical gap between the rotor and the blades.
*   `Case_Hole_Size`: The size of the hole in the case (for the shaft, should be larger than the blade hole size).
*   `Case_Thickness`: The wall thickness of the case.
*   `Case_Slot_Length`: The length of the output slot in the case.
*   `Case_Slot_Width`: The width of the output slot.

**Fan Lid:**

*   `Lid_Hole_Size`: The size of the input hole on the lid.
*   All other parameters are the same as in `centcase`, since the lid should match the case.

I'd like the output to be three separate modules (or files if you prefer that) to generate the "blade", "case", and "lid" respectively so I can render and export them separately. I'd also like to be able to call each module separately so I can, for instance, change only parameters related to the blades, and render just the blades.
It'd be ideal if the warping of the blades was handled using `linear_extrude` with `twist` and `scale` parameters.

It looks like the original design does not rely on any external libraries, so neither should the new design, unless you believe that would be valuable.

[Assistant]
Customizer_Centrifugal_Fan.scad:
```
//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

//Facet Number
Definition = 75;

//Number of vertical slices in warped blades
Slice_Number = 15;

//Object to be rendered
Object = "blade"; // [blade,case,lid]

//Radius of the blade assembly base
Blade_Base_Radius = 46;

//Height of the blade assembly base
Blade_Base_Height = 3;

//Top radius of the center cone
Blade_Cone_Radius = 10;

//Height of the center cone
Blade_Cone_Height = 20;

//Size of the shaft hole
Blade_Hole_Size = 10;

//Shape of the shaft hole
Blade_Hole_Type = "square"; // [circle,square]

//Type of blades
Blade_Type = "front"; // [front,radial,back]

//Number of blades
Blade_Number = 10;

//Distance of blades from rotor center
Blade_Distance = 20;

//Tilt of blade base in degrees
Blade_Angle = 10; // [-90:90]

//Length of blade
Blade_Length = 25;

//Thickness of blade at base
Blade_Thickness = 3;

//Height of blades
Blade_Height = 25;

//Type of warp applied to blades
Warp_Type = "atgen"; // [atgen,postgen,off]

//Angle of twist, in degrees
Warp_Severity = 30;

//Scale of top relative to bottom
Warp_Scale = 0.8;

//Horizontal gap between rotor and case
Case_Side_Gap = 3;

//Vertical gap between rotor and blades
Case_Vertical_Gap = 3;

//Case Hole size (should be larger than blade hole size)
Case_Hole_Size = 15;

//Case and cover wall thickness
Case_Thickness = 5;

//Length of output slot
Case_Slot_Length = 70;

//Width of output slot
Case_Slot_Width = 30;

//Size of the input hole
Lid_Hole_Size = 20;

/*
centfan mudule - creates the blade assembly

br = base radius
bh = base height
ctr = center cone top radius
ch = center cone height
hs = hole size
ht = hole type: "circle" or "square"
b = blade #
d = blade distance from rotor center
a = blade tilt (in degrees)
l = blade length
t = blade thickness (at base)
h = blade height
m = type of blade: "back", "radial" or "front"
w = warp type: "atgen", "postgen" or "off"
t = twist amount
s = top object relative scale
*/

module centfan(br,bh,ctr,ch,hs,ht,b,d,a,l,t,h,m,w,i,s,sn){

	difference(){

		union(){

			translate([0,0,bh])union(){

				if(m == "front"){

					if(w == "atgen"){

						for(n=[0:b]){

							rotate(n*(360/b))translate([d,0,0])linear_extrude(height=h,twist = i, scale = s,slices = sn)rotate(-a)translate([0,-l+t/2,0])difference(){

								circle(l);

								translate([t/2,-t,0])circle(l);

								translate([-l,0,0])square([l*2,l*2],true);

							};

						};

					};

					if(w == "postgen"){

						linear_extrude(height=h,twist = i, scale = s, slices = sn)for(n=[0:b]){

							rotate(n*(360/b))translate([d,0,0])rotate(-a)translate([0,-l+t/2,0])difference(){

								circle(l);

								translate([t/2,-t,0])circle(l);

								translate([-l,0,0])square([l*2,l*2],true);

							};

						};

					};

					if(w == "off"){

						linear_extrude(height=h)for(n=[0:b]){

							rotate(n*(360/b))translate([d,0,0])rotate(-a)translate([0,-l+t/2,0])difference(){

								circle(l);

								translate([t/2,-t,0])circle(l);

								translate([-l,0,0])square([l*2,l*2],true);

							};

						};

					};

				};

				if(m == "radial"){

					for(n=[0:b]){

						rotate(n*(360/b))translate([d,-t/2,0])rotate(a)cube([l,t,h]);

					};
				};

				if(m == "back"){

					if(w == "atgen"){

						for(n=[0:b]){

							rotate(n*(360/b))translate([d,0,0])linear_extrude(height=h,twist = -i, scale = s, slices = sn)rotate(a)translate([0,l+t/2,0])difference(){

								circle(l);

								translate([t/2,t,0])circle(l);

								translate([-l,0,0])square([l*2,l*2],true);

							};

						};

					};

					if(w == "postgen"){

						linear_extrude(height=h,twist = -i, scale = s, slices = sn)for(n=[0:b]){

							rotate(n*(360/b))translate([d,0,0])rotate(a)translate([0,l+t/2,0])difference(){

								circle(l);

								translate([t/2,t,0])circle(l);

								translate([-l,0,0])square([l*2,l*2],true);

							};

						};

					};

					if(w == "off"){

						linear_extrude(height=h)for(n=[0:b]){

							rotate(n*(360/b))translate([d,0,0])rotate(a)translate([0,l+t/2,0])difference(){

								circle(l);

								translate([t/2,t,0])circle(l);

								translate([-l,0,0])square([l*2,l*2],true);

							};

						};

					};

				};

			};

			translate([0,0,bh])cylinder(ch,d,ctr);

			cylinder(bh,br,br);

		};

		if(ht == "square"){

			translate([-hs/2,-hs/2,-0.5])cube([hs,hs,bh+ch+1]);

		};

		if(ht == "circle"){

			translate([0,0,-0.5])cylinder(bh+ch+1,hs/2,hs/2);

		};

	};

};

/*
cencase module - creates the bottom section of the centrifugal fan case. should be called using values from the centfan module

rr = rotor radius
rh = rotor height
sg = side gap
vg = vertical gap
hs = hole size
t = wall thickness
sl = slot length
sw = slot width
*/

module centcase(rr,rh,sg,vg,hs,t,sl,sw){

	difference(){

		union(){

			cylinder(1.5*t+2*vg+rh,t+sg+rr,t+sg+rr);

			translate([-(t+sg+rr),0,0])cube([sw+2*t,sl,1.5*t+2*vg+rh]);

		};

		translate([0,0,t])cylinder(.5*t+2*vg+rh+0.5,sg+rr,sg+rr);

		translate([-(sg+rr),0,t])cube([sw,sl+0.5,.5*t+2*vg+rh+0.5]);

		translate([0,0,-0.5])cylinder(t+1,hs/2,hs/2);

	};

};

/*
centtop module - creates a cover for the centcase module. see centcase for more information

rr = rotor radius
sg = side gap
ths = top hole size
t = thickness
sl = slot length
sw = slot width
*/

module centtop(rr,sg,ths,t,sl,sw){

	difference(){

		union(){

			cylinder(t/2,t+sg+rr,t+sg+rr);

			translate([rr+sg+t-(sw+2*t),0,0])cube([sw+2*t,sl,t/2]);

			cylinder(t,sg+rr,sg+rr);

			translate([rr+sg-sw,0,0])cube([sw,sl,t]);

		};

		translate([0,0,-0.5])cylinder(t+1,ths,ths);

	};

};

if (Object == "blade"){
centfan(Blade_Base_Radius,Blade_Base_Height,Blade_Cone_Radius,Blade_Cone_Height,Blade_Hole_Size,Blade_Hole_Type,Blade_Number,Blade_Distance,Blade_Angle,Blade_Length,Blade_Thickness,Blade_Height,Blade_Type,Warp_Type,Warp_Severity,Warp_Scale,Slice_Number,$fn = Definition);
};

if (Object == "case"){
centcase(Blade_Base_Radius,Blade_Base_Height + Blade_Height,Case_Side_Gap,Case_Vertical_Gap,Case_Hole_Size,Case_Thickness,Case_Slot_Length,Case_Slot_Width,$fn = Definition);
};

if (Object == "lid"){
centtop(Blade_Base_Radius,Case_Side_Gap,Lid_Hole_Size,Case_Thickness,Case_Slot_Length,Case_Slot_Width,$fn = Definition);
};

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a phone caddy for a Butterfly brand IP phone, specifically one that can hold multiple handsets. I'd like it to be parametric so I can easily adjust things like the handset dimensions and the number of cradles. I need a design that includes a cradle for each handset, a support for the power supply, and a base for the whole thing.

Here are some specifics to start with:

*   **Number of Handsets:** I'd like to start with a design that can hold 3 handsets, but I want to be able to easily change this.
*   **Handset Dimensions:** The default handset dimensions should be 52mm wide and 22mm deep.
*   **Cradle Depth:** The cradles should be 30mm deep.
*   **Wall Thickness:** I'd like the wall thickness to be 3mm.

The cradle itself needs to have a few features:
    *   It should have a rounded fillet on the back side, using a 5mm radius for the curve.
    *   There needs to be a cutout in the base to allow the phone to "lock in" to the cradle which should have a 10mm radius. I think this should be about 20mm from the bottom.
    *    There should be an additional rectangular cutout on both the top and the bottom of the cradle.
*   **Power Supply Support:** The power supply support needs to be a box type, with a cutout for cables. This should extend out the back of the cradle.
*   **Base:** The base should provide support for the whole assembly, I think it should have a small extrusion on either side of the base that lines up with the sides of the power supply support.

I'd like the output to be a single OpenSCAD file that generates this whole assembly, using parameters for the dimensions. I'm not using any libraries, so please don't assume I have any external files or libraries.

[Assistant]
ButterflyCaddy.scad:
```

number_of_handsets = 3;
handset_width = 52;  // default: 52
handset_depth = 22;  // default: 22
cradle_depth = 30;   // default: 30

wall_thickness = 3;

for(i=[1:number_of_handsets]) {
    translate([i*(handset_width+wall_thickness*2),0,0]) handset(i);
}

module handset() {
    handset_cradle();
    powersupply_support();
    cradle_base();
}

module handset_cradle(i) {

    difference() {
        union() {
            cube([handset_width+wall_thickness*2, handset_depth+wall_thickness*2, cradle_depth+wall_thickness], center=true);
        }
        union() {
            // rounded fillet of the backside of the cradle.
            hull() {
                translate([-handset_width/2+5,handset_depth/2-5,wall_thickness/2])
                        cylinder(r=5,h=cradle_depth, center=true);
                translate([handset_width/2-5,handset_depth/2-5,wall_thickness/2])
                        cylinder(r=5,h=cradle_depth, center=true);
            }
            translate([0,-2.5,wall_thickness/2]) cube([handset_width, handset_depth-5, cradle_depth], center=true);
            hull() {
                // 20mm lip at the bottom is not parameterized, nor is the 10mm radius of the knockout.
                rotate([90,0,0]) translate([-handset_width/2+10,-cradle_depth/2+20,handset_depth/2])
                        cylinder(r=10,h=handset_depth, center=true);
                rotate([90,0,0]) translate([handset_width/2-10,-cradle_depth/2+20,handset_depth/2])
                        cylinder(r=10,h=handset_depth, center=true);
            }
            translate([0,-handset_depth/2,20])
                        cube([handset_width,handset_depth,cradle_depth],center=true);
            translate([0,  5.5, -((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cube([18,14,wall_thickness*2], center=true);
            translate([0, -5.5, -((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cube([18,14,wall_thickness*2], center=true);
        }
    }
}

module powersupply_support(i) {
    difference() {
        union(){
            translate([0,-5.5,-20-((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cube([18,14,40], center=true);
        }
        union() {
            translate([0, -5.5, -10-((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cube([15,10,20], center=true);
            translate([0, -5.5, -20-((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cylinder(r=5,h=40, center=true);
            translate([0, -5.5+5, -20-((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cube([3,4,40],   center=true);
            translate([0, -5.5+5, -30-((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cube([8,4,20],   center=true);
        }
    }
}

module cradle_base(i) {
    difference() {
        union() {
            translate([0,0,-20-((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cube([handset_width+wall_thickness*2, handset_depth+wall_thickness*2, 40], center=true);
        }
        union() {
            translate([0,0,-20-((cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2)+wall_thickness]) cube([handset_width, handset_depth, 40], center=true);
            translate([0,(handset_depth+wall_thickness*2)/2,-(cradle_depth+wall_thickness)/2-35]) cube([3,wall_thickness*2,10],center=true);
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a test print for evaluating retraction performance on my 3D printer. I'd like to generate a base with a number of thin spires growing from it, kind of like icicles, with different heights and widths to really push the limits of retraction.

Specifically, I envision a rectangular base with rounded corners. The spires should vary in both height and base diameter, and should be located randomly across the top of the base. I need to control several parameters:

*   **Overall size:** I want to control the width, length, and maximum height of the overall print.
*   **Number of spires:** I want to specify the total number of spires.
*   **Spire size:**
    *   The *minimum* diameter of a spire should be controllable as well as the *maximum* base diameter of a spire. The top of each spire should taper to the *minimum* diameter.
    *   I'd like to have control over the distribution of heights and base diameters. I want to make it possible to create more short spires, or more tall spires; more thin spires, or more wide spires. These distributions should be controlled by a single parameter each, where 1.0 gives an even distribution. I want to be able to use values greater or less than 1.0 to skew the distribution, and I want the value to be limited between 0 and infinity.
*   **Base:**
    *   I need to control the thickness of the base and also the radius of the corners.
    *   The base should be large enough that the largest spires do not extend beyond the base's edge.

It seems like this will involve using the `hull()` function to create the rounded rectangle base, and the `cylinder()` function with different diameters for the spires. I also think it will be important to randomize the positions and sizes of the spires using the `rands()` function.

I'd like the code to be parametric and easy to modify, so that I can adjust the number of spires, base size, height, and diameter to suit my needs. Also, I'd like to be able to set a small epsilon to avoid issues with zero-width or zero-height elements.

I am *not* requesting the use of any external libraries like MCAD or BOSL. I need this to be pure OpenSCAD.

[Assistant]
retraction_test_v1-1.scad:
```

/* [Parameters] */
// width of test print
_width = 25;

// length of test print
_length = 25;

// max height of test print
_height = 25;

// number of test spires
_spireCount = 100;

// minimum spire diameter, also the diameter at the top of the spire
_minSpireDiameter = 1;

// maximum spire diameter at the base.
_maxSpireDiameter = 4;

/* [Advanced] */
// height distribution, use values between 0 and 1 to create more small spires, greater than 1 creates more tall spires, 1.0 for a equal distribution.
_heightDistribution = .25;

// base size distribution, use values between 0 and 1 to create more thin spires, greater than 1 for more wider spires, 1.0 for a equal distribution.
_sizeDistribution = 2;

// thickness of the test print base
_baseHeight = 0.5;

// ignore
_eps = 0.1*1;

module rrect(h, w, l, r) {
	r = min(r, min(w/2, l/2));
	w = max(w, _eps);
	l = max(l, _eps);
	h = max(h, _eps);
	if (r <= 0) {
		translate([-w/2, -l/2,0]) {
			cube([w,l,h]);
		}
	} else {
		hull() {
			for (y = [-l/2+r, l/2-r]) {
				for (x = [-w/2+r, w/2-r]) {
					translate([x,y,0]) {
						cylinder(h=h, r=r, center=false);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

function scaleHeight(hFrac) = pow(hFrac, max(_eps,1.0/_heightDistribution)) * _height;
function scaleThickness(tFrac) = _minSpireDiameter + pow(tFrac, max(_eps,1.0/_sizeDistribution)) * (_maxSpireDiameter-_minSpireDiameter);

module make() {
	xArray = rands(1,_width - 1,_spireCount);
	yArray = rands(1,_length - 1,_spireCount);
	heightArray = rands(_eps,1,_spireCount);
	thicknessArray = rands(_eps,1,_spireCount);
	union() {
		for (i=[0:_spireCount-1]) {
			assign(diameter = scaleThickness(thicknessArray[i]),
					height = scaleHeight(heightArray[i])) {
				translate([xArray[i], yArray[i], height/2])
				cylinder(r1=diameter/2, r2 = _minSpireDiameter/2, h=height, center=true, $fn=16);
			}
		}

		// add platform
		translate([_width/2, _length/2, -_baseHeight+_eps])
		rrect(_baseHeight, _width + _maxSpireDiameter, _length + _maxSpireDiameter, _maxSpireDiameter, $fn=64);
	}
}

make();
```