[User]
Hi, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a parametric rocket nose cone. I've seen a really cool design that covers a lot of common nose cone shapes, and I'd like something similar that I can customize.

Specifically, I need the following parameters to be adjustable:

*   **Cone Style:** This should be a dropdown menu with options for:
    *   Conic
    *   Blunted Conic
    *   Bi-Conic
    *   Ogive (Tangent Ogive)
    *   Blunted Ogive
    *   Secant Ogive
    *   Elliptical
    *   Parabolic
    *   Power Series
    *   Haack Series

*   **Cone Radius:** The radius of the cone at its base (where it joins the body tube).
*   **Cone Length:** The length of the cone from the tip to the base.
*   **Wall Thickness:** The thickness of the cone walls.
*   **Tip Radius:**  For blunted cones (blunted conic & ogive) and bi-conic, the radius of the rounded tip.
*   **Tip Length:** For bi-conic nosecones, the length of the first cone section leading to the tip.
*   **Secant Ogive Shape:** A parameter (between 0 and 1) controlling the bulge of the secant ogive. 0.5 should be a tangent ogive.
*   **Parabolic K:** A parameter (between 0 and 1) for parabolic cones.
*  **Power Series N:** The exponent "n" for the power series nose cone.
*  **Haack Series C:**  A parameter controlling the shape of the Haack series cone, with 0 being the LD-Haack (Von Karman), 1/3 being LV-Haack, and 2/3 being Tangent.
*   **Shoulder Length:**  The length of the cylindrical shoulder at the base of the cone.
*   **Shoulder Inset:** How much the shoulder is inset from the cone's outer surface.
*   **Shoulder Base:** A boolean (true/false) to include a cap on the base of the shoulder.
*   **Ignore Printer Size:** A boolean (true/false) to tell the script to ignore the printer bed size and generate the nosecone in one single piece.
*   **Gusset Threshold:** Wall thicknesses below this should generate gussets for support.
*   **Gusset Width:** The width of the gussets generated by the previous setting.
*   **Gusset Thickness:** The thickness of the gussets.
*   **Tab Length:** The length of the vertical alignment tabs (if those are generated).
*   **Tab Thickness:** The thickness of the alignment tabs.
*   **Tab Horizontal Gap:** Air gap between the face of an alignment tab and the inner nose cone wall.
*  **Tab Vertical Gap:** Air gap between the top and bottom of vertical alignment tabs and the nearby gussets.
*   **Units:** A dropdown menu to select units of measurement, either millimeters or inches.
*   **Smoothness:** This is the resolution of the generated cone - higher numbers should be smoother but require more processing.
*   **Printer X, Y, Z:** The dimensions of my 3D printer's build area so it can be properly split into pieces if needed.

I'd also like it to handle the cases where the nosecone is split up into multiple pieces.  It would need to include some sort of vertical tab/alignment system to make assembly easier.  Also, when the wall thickness is small, I'd like there to be an option to add gussets to make printing easier.

The original design was able to handle the various nose cone equations, so I'd like the code to have that functionality. I'm not picky about which libraries it should use.

[Assistant]
nosecone1.scad:
```

// Basic style of the nose cone
Cone_Style = 3;  // [0:conic, 1:blunted conic, 2:bi-conic, 3:ogive, 4:blunted ogive, 5:secant ogive, 6:elliptical, 7:parabolic, 8:power series, 9:Haack Series]

// Radius at shoulder
Cone_Radius = 3;  // [0:0.01:200]

// Length from tip to shoulder
Cone_Length = 21;  // [0:0.01:1000]

// Thickness of the cone walls
Wall_Thickness = 0.125;  // [0.0:0.01:25]

// Radius of rounded tip or bi-conic tip, if applicable
Tip_Radius = 0.5; // [0:0.01:200]

// Length of the bi-conic tip
Tip_Length = 3; // [0:0.01:400]

// Shape of secant ogive bulge, 0.5 = tangent ogive
Secant_Ogive_Shape = 0.5; // [0:0.01:1]

// "K'" parameter for parabolic cones
Parabolic_K = 0.5; // [0:0.01:1]

// Power series exponent "n"
Power_Series_N = 0.5; // [0:0.01:1]

// Haack series control "C":  0=LD-Haack(Von Karman), 1/3=LV-Haack, 2/3=Tangent
Haack_Series_C = 0; // [0:0.01:1.5]

// Length of the shoulder
Shoulder_Length = 6;  // [0:0.01:200]

// Inset of the shoulder from the nose cone
Shoulder_Inset = 0.25;  // [0:0.01:25]

// If checked, includes a cap over the bottom of the shoulder.
Shoulder_Base = false;  // [ false, true ]

// If checked, the nose will be generated in one pice, regardless of the printer's size.
Ignore_Printer_Size = false;  // [false, true]

// Walls thinner than this will cause gussets to be generated
Gusset_Threshold = 0.15; // [0.01:0.01:25]

// The width of the gussets
Gusset_Width = 0.25; // [0:0.01:25]

// The thickness of the gussets
Gusset_Thickness = 0.1; // [0:0.01:25]

// The length of the vertical alignment tabs
Tab_Length = 0.25; // [0:0.01:25]

// The thickness of the vertical alignment tabs
Tab_Thickness = 0.1; // [0:0.01:25]

// Air gap between the face of an alignment tab and the inner nose cone wall
Tab_hGap = 0.02; // [0:0.005:5]

// Air gap between the top and bottom of vertical alignment tabs and the nearby gussets
Tab_vGap = 0.05; // [0:0.005:5]

// Units of measurement
Base_Units = 25.4;  // [1:mm, 25.4:inches]

// Fineness of the rendering
Smoothness = 25;  // [1:100]

// Length of print area X-axis
Printer_X = 11; // [0.01:0.01:250]

// Length of print area Y-axis
Printer_Y = 11; // [0.01:0.01:250]

// Length of print area Z-axis
Printer_Z = 18; // [0.01:0.01:350]

/* [Hidden] */

// a tiny x-value used to force sort order in any tight corners of the inside shell
EPSILON = 0.00001 / Base_Units;

TORAD = PI / 180;
TODEG = 180 / PI;

// Outer shell parameters
R = Cone_Radius;
L = Cone_Length;
R_t = Tip_Radius;
L_t = Tip_Length;
W_t = Wall_Thickness;

// full length of the final object
FullLen = Cone_Length + Shoulder_Length;

// increments for any code walking up or down the cone wall
x_step = FullLen / (10 * Smoothness);

// Don't bother with any inside sections less than this radius
Minimum_Inside_Gap = 0.5 / Base_Units; // 0.5mm

function sqr(x) = x * x;

function tip_sphere_y(x, x_center) = sqrt(sqr(R_t) - sqr(x_center - x));

function quicksortPts(arr) = (len(arr) <= 1) ? arr : let(
    pivot   = arr[floor(len(arr)/2)].x,
    lesser  = [ for (pt = arr) if (pt.x  < pivot) pt ],
    equal   = [ for (pt = arr) if (pt.x == pivot) pt ],
    greater = [ for (pt = arr) if (pt.x  > pivot) pt ]
) concat(
    quicksortPts(lesser), equal, quicksortPts(greater)
);

function quicksort(arr) = (len(arr) <= 1) ? arr : let(
    pivot   = arr[floor(len(arr)/2)],
    lesser  = [ for (y = arr) if (y  < pivot) y ],
    equal   = [ for (y = arr) if (y == pivot) y ],
    greater = [ for (y = arr) if (y  > pivot) y ]
) concat(
    quicksort(lesser), equal, quicksort(greater)
);

function reverse(vec) = [ for (i = [len(vec)-1:-1:0]) vec[i] ];

function valueList(n, minVal, maxVal) = [ for (i = [minVal : (maxVal-minVal)/n : maxVal]) i ];

function fillCurve(vec) = quicksort(concat( valueList(max(5, Smoothness / 2), vec[0], vec[1]), vec));

function genPts(r, minX, maxX) = [ for (x = [ minX : x_step : maxX + x_step ]) [ x, r ] ];

function selectPts(pts, minX, maxX) =
  [ for (pt = pts) if (minX <= pt.x && pt.x <= maxX) pt ];

function findPtY(pts, y, i) =
  (i >= len(pts)) ? len(pts) : (pts[i].y >= y) ? i : findPtY(pts, y, i+1);

function findPtX(pts, x, i) =
  (i >= len(pts)) ? len(pts) : (pts[i].x >= x) ? i : findPtX(pts, x, i+1);

function interpolatePoint(x, a, b) =
  let (dy = b.y - a.y,  dx = b.x - a.x)
  (dx == 0) ? [ x, (a.y + b.y)/2 ]
            : [ x, a.y + (x - a.x) * dy / dx ];

function interpolatePt(pts, x) =
  let (i = findPtX(pts, x, 0))
    (i == 0)        ? pts[0]
  : (i >= len(pts)) ? pts[len(pts)-1]
  : (pts[i].x == x) ? pts[i]
  :                   interpolatePoint(x, pts[i-1], pts[i]);

function findPrevPt(pts, i) =
  (i <= 0) ? 0 : (pts[i].x != pts[i-1].x) ? i-1 : findPrevPt(pts, i-1);

function findNextPt(pts, i) =
  (i >= len(pts)-1) ? i : (pts[i].x != pts[i+1].x) ? i+1 : findNextPt(pts, i+1);

function conic(x) = x * R / L;
conic_name = "conic";
conic_domain = [ 0, L ];

x_tan = sqr(L) / R * sqrt(sqr(R_t) / (sqr(R) + sqr(L)));
y_tan = conic(x_tan);
x0_tip = x_tan + sqrt(sqr(R_t) - sqr(y_tan));
x_apex = x0_tip - R_t;
function blunted_conic(x) =
  (x < x_apex) ? 0 : (x < x_tan) ? tip_sphere_y(x, x0_tip) : conic(x);

blunted_conic_name = str("blunted-conic(R_tip=", R_t, ")");
blunted_conic_domain = fillCurve([ x_apex, x_tan, L ]);

function biconic(x) =
  (x < L_t) ? x * R_t / L_t : R_t + (x - L_t) * (R - R_t) / (L - L_t);

biconic_name = str("bi-conic(tipR=", Tip_Radius, ", tipL=", Tip_Length, ")");
biconic_domain = [ 0, L_t, L ];

rho = (sqr(R) + sqr(L)) / (2 * R);
function ogive(x) =
  sqrt(sqr(rho) - sqr(L - x)) + R - rho;

ogive_name = "ogive";
ogive_domain = fillCurve([ 0, L / 20, L ]);

bto_x0 = L - sqrt(sqr(rho - R_t) - sqr(rho - R));
bto_y_tan = R_t * (rho - R) / (rho - R_t);
bto_x_tan = bto_x0 - sqrt(sqr(R_t) - sqr(bto_y_tan));
bto_apex = bto_x0 - R_t;
function bto(x) =
  (x < bto_apex) ? 0 : (x < bto_x_tan) ? tip_sphere_y(x, bto_x0) : ogive(x);

bto_name = str("blunted-ogive(tipR=", R_t, ")");
bto_domain = fillCurve([ bto_apex, bto_x_tan, L ]);

so_rho = (Secant_Ogive_Shape < 0.5) ? (Secant_Ogive_Shape * 2 * (rho - L / 2) + (L / 2))
                                    : ((Secant_Ogive_Shape - 0.5) * 4 * rho + rho);
so_alpha = atan(R / L) - acos(sqrt(sqr(L) + sqr(R)) / (2*so_rho));
so_cos = so_rho * cos(so_alpha);
so_sin = so_rho * sin(so_alpha);
function secant_ogive(x) =
  sqrt(sqr(so_rho) - sqr(so_cos - x)) + so_sin;

secant_ogive_name = str("secant-ogive(rho=", so_rho, ")");
secant_ogive_domain = fillCurve([ 0, L / 20, L ]);

function elliptical(x) =
  R * sqrt(1 - sqr(L - x)/sqr(L));

elliptical_name = "elliptical";
elliptical_domain = fillCurve([ 0, L / 20, L ]);

p_a = R / (2 - Parabolic_K);
p_b = p_a * 2 / L;
p_c = p_a * Parabolic_K / sqr(L);

function parabolic(x) =
  p_b * x - p_c * sqr(x);
//  R * ((2 * (x/L)) - (Parabolic_K * sqr(x/L))) / (2 - Parabolic_K);

parabolic_name = str("parabolic(K=", Parabolic_K, ")");
parabolic_domain = fillCurve([ 0, L / 20, L ]);

function power(x) =
  R * pow(x / L, Power_Series_N);

power_name = str("power-series(N=", Power_Series_N, ")");
power_domain = fillCurve([ 0, L / 20, L ]);

function haack(x) =
  let (theta = acos(1 - (2 * x / L)))
  (R/sqrt(PI)) * sqrt(TORAD * theta - (sin(2 * theta) / 2) + Haack_Series_C * pow(sin(theta), 3));

haack_name = str("Sears-Haack(C=", Haack_Series_C, ")");
haack_domain = fillCurve([ 0, L / 20, L ]);

cone_name = [
  conic_name,         // 0
  blunted_conic_name, // 1
  biconic_name,       // 2
  ogive_name,         // 3
  bto_name,           // 4
  secant_ogive_name,  // 5
  elliptical_name,    // 6
  parabolic_name,     // 7
  power_name,         // 8
  haack_name          // 9
][ Cone_Style ];

domain = [
  conic_domain,         // 0
  blunted_conic_domain, // 1
  biconic_domain,       // 2
  ogive_domain,         // 3
  bto_domain,           // 4
  secant_ogive_domain,  // 5
  elliptical_domain,    // 6
  parabolic_domain,     // 7
  power_domain,         // 8
  haack_domain          // 9
][ Cone_Style ];

function shell(x) =
    (Cone_Style == 0) ? conic(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 1) ? blunted_conic(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 2) ? biconic(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 3) ? ogive(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 4) ? bto(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 5) ? secant_ogive(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 6) ? elliptical(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 7) ? parabolic(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 8) ? power(x)
  : (Cone_Style == 9) ? haack(x)
  : 1;

Shoulder_outside = shell(L) - Shoulder_Inset;
Shoulder_inside = Shoulder_outside - W_t;

function outerPt(x) = [ x, max(0, shell(x)) ];

Outer_Shell =
  let (
    raw = [ for (x = [ 0 : x_step : L + x_step ]) outerPt(x) ],
    critical = [ for (d = [0 : len(domain) - 1]) outerPt(domain[d]) ],
    clipped = selectPts(concat(raw, critical), 0, L),
    shoulder = genPts(Shoulder_outside, L, FullLen)
  )
  quicksortPts(concat(clipped, shoulder));

function innerPt(i) =
  let (
    p = Outer_Shell[i],

 	a = findPrevPt(Outer_Shell, i),
	pa = Outer_Shell[a],
	b = (p.x != pa.x) ? i : findNextPt(Outer_Shell, i),
	pb = Outer_Shell[b],

    normalSlope = (pa.y == pb.y) ? -1 : (pa.x - pb.x) / (pb.y - pa.y),
    normalLength = sqrt(1 + sqr(normalSlope)),
    dx = W_t / normalLength,
    dy = - abs(dx * normalSlope),

	new_x = p.x + dx,
	new_y = p.y + dy
  )
  [  new_x, (new_y < Minimum_Inside_Gap) ? 0 : new_y ];

Inner_Shell =
  let (
    raw = [ for (i = [0 : len(Outer_Shell)-1]) innerPt(i) ],
    ledge_top = L - (Shoulder_Inset > 0 ? W_t : 0),
    ledge_corner = [[ ledge_top - EPSILON, shell(ledge_top)- W_t ]],
    clipped = selectPts(concat(raw, ledge_corner), 0, ledge_top),
    shoulder = genPts(Shoulder_inside, ledge_top, FullLen)
  )
  quicksortPts(concat(clipped, shoulder));

function getSubshell(pts, minX, maxX) =
  let (
    midPts = selectPts(pts, minX, maxX),
    minPt = interpolatePt(pts, minX),
    maxPt = interpolatePt(pts, maxX)
  )
  quicksortPts(concat(midPts, [ minPt, maxPt ]));

function inside(x) = interpolatePt(Inner_Shell, x).y;

module genSection(pts, degrees, nFaces) {
  rotate_extrude(angle=degrees, convexity=2, $fn=nFaces) {
    translate([0,FullLen,0]) {
	  // make the X-axis of pts the axis of rotation
      rotate([0,0,270]) {
        polygon(pts);
	  }
	}
  }
}

function buildPolyPts(outside_pts, inside_pts) =
  [ for (p = concat(outside_pts, reverse(inside_pts))) [ p.x, max(0, p.y) ] ];

module doHorizontalTab(minX, maxX, maxR) {
  if (maxX - minX - 2 * Tab_vGap > Tab_Length) {
    base = getSubshell(Inner_Shell, minX + Tab_vGap, maxX - Tab_vGap);

    if (Tab_hGap > 0) {
      outer_shim = [ for (p = base) [ p.x, p.y + W_t / 2 ] ];
      inner_shim = [ for (p = base) [ p.x, p.y - Tab_hGap - Tab_Thickness / 2 ] ];
      shimPts = buildPolyPts(outer_shim, inner_shim);
      shimDegrees = atan(Tab_Length / maxR);
      genSection(shimPts, shimDegrees, 10);
	}

    outer_tab = [ for (p = base) [ p.x, p.y - Tab_hGap ] ];
    inner_tab = [ for (p = outer_tab) [ p.x, p.y - Tab_Thickness ] ];
    tabPts = buildPolyPts(outer_tab, inner_tab);
    tabDegrees = 2 * atan(Tab_Length / maxR);
    rotate([0, 0, -tabDegrees/2]) {
	  genSection(tabPts, tabDegrees, 10);
    }
  }
}

module doNoseCone(layer_id, minX, maxX) {
  doBase = Shoulder_Base && (maxX > FullLen - W_t);
  doTab = (maxX + 0.05 * (maxX-minX) < FullLen);
  doGusset = (W_t < Gusset_Threshold);
  doShoulderInset = (minX <= L) && (L < maxX);

  x0 = maxX + Tab_Length;
  y0 = min(inside(maxX), inside(x0)) - Tab_hGap;
  out0 = [ if (doTab) [ x0, y0 ]];
  in0  = [ if (doTab) [ x0, y0 - Tab_Thickness ]];

  x1 = maxX + EPSILON;
  out1 = [ if (doTab) [ x1, inside(x1) - Tab_hGap]];
  in1  = [ if (doTab) [ x1, inside(x1) - Tab_hGap - Tab_Thickness ]];

  in2  = [[ maxX, (doBase) ? 0 : (inside(maxX) - (doTab ? Tab_hGap + Tab_Thickness : 0)) ]];

  x3 = maxX - W_t;
  in3 = [ if (doBase) [ x3, 0 ]];

  x4 = maxX - Tab_Length;
  in4 = [[ x4, inside(x4) - (doTab ? Tab_hGap + Tab_Thickness : 0) ]];

  x5 = x4 - EPSILON;
  in5 = [ if (!doBase) [ x5, inside(x5) - (doGusset ? Gusset_Width : 0) ]];

  x6 = x4 - Gusset_Thickness + EPSILON;
  in6 = [ if (doGusset && !doBase) [ x6, inside(x6) - Gusset_Width ]];

  x7 = x4 - Gusset_Thickness;
  in7 = [[ x7, inside(x7) ]];

  x8 = L + EPSILON;
  in8 = [ if (doShoulderInset) [ x8, inside(x8) ]];

  x9 = L;
  in9 = [ if (doShoulderInset) [ x9, inside(x9) ]];

  x10 = L - W_t;
  in10 = [ if (doShoulderInset) [ x10, inside(x10) ]];

  x10b = L - W_t - EPSILON;
  in10b = [ if (doShoulderInset) [ x10b, inside(x10b) ]];

  x12 = minX + Tab_Length + Gusset_Thickness;
  in12 = [[ x12, inside(x12) ]];

  x13 = x12 - EPSILON;
  in13 = [ if (doGusset) [ x13, inside(x13) - Gusset_Width ]];

  x14 = x12 - Gusset_Thickness + EPSILON;
  in14 = [ if (doGusset) [ x14, inside(x14) - Gusset_Width ]];

  x15 = x12 - Gusset_Thickness;
  in15 = [[ x15, inside(x15) ]];

  function obstructed(x) =
       (doTab && (x4 <= x && x <= x0))
    || (doGusset && (x7 <= x && x <= x4))
    || (doGusset && (x15 <= x && x <= x12))
    || (doShoulderInset && (x10b <= x && x <= x8));

  in11 = [ for (p = getSubshell(Inner_Shell, minX, maxX - EPSILON)) if (!obstructed(p.x)) p ];

  outside_pts = quicksortPts(concat(getSubshell(Outer_Shell, minX, maxX), out0, out1));
  inside_pts = quicksortPts(concat(in0, in1, in2, in3, in4, in5, in6, in7, in8, in9, in10,
                                   in10b, in11, in12, in13, in14, in15));
  all_pts = buildPolyPts(outside_pts, inside_pts);

  allRadii = [ for (p = all_pts) p.y ];
  minR = min(allRadii);
  maxR = max(allRadii);

  minP = min(Printer_X, Printer_Y);
  maxP = max(Printer_X, Printer_Y);

  function fits(deg) =
    let (length = 2 * maxR * sin(deg), width = maxR - minR * cos(deg))
    ((length <= maxP) && (width <= minP)) || ((length <= minP) && (width <= maxP));

  function firstFit(n) = (fits(180/n) || (n > 35)) ? n : firstFit(n+1);

  nChunks = (Ignore_Printer_Size || 2 * maxR <= minP) ? 1 : firstFit(2);

  echo(str("Layer #", layer_id, " => ", nChunks, " sections,  radii=[ ", minR , " .. ", maxR, " ]"));
  genSection(all_pts, 360 / nChunks, 4 * Smoothness);

  if (nChunks > 1) {
    i = min(findPtY(inside_pts, 2 * Tab_Thickness, 0), len(inside_pts)-1);
    xa = max((doGusset) ? x12 : minX + Tab_Length, inside_pts[i].x);

    xb = (doBase) ? FullLen - W_t : (doGusset) ? x7 : (doTab) ? x4 : maxX;

    if (doShoulderInset) {
      doHorizontalTab(xa, min(xb, x10b), maxR);
      doHorizontalTab(max(xa, x10), xb, maxR);
    } else {
      doHorizontalTab(xa, xb, maxR);
    }
  }
}

scale([Base_Units, Base_Units, Base_Units]) {
  solidLength = FullLen - domain[0];
  nLayers = Ignore_Printer_Size ? 1 : ceil(solidLength / Printer_Z);
  layerHeight = solidLength / nLayers;
  layerGap = 25.4 / Base_Units; // == 1 inch

  echo(str("NOSE CONE: ", cone_name, "   R=", R, ", L=", L, ", Layers=", nLayers));
  for (layer = [1 : nLayers]) {
    translate([0,0,(nLayers - layer) * layerGap]) {
      doNoseCone(layer, (layer - 1) * layerHeight + domain[0], layer * layerHeight + domain[0]);
    }
  }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a support for plant stakes, like bamboo sticks or orchid rods, and I'd like it to be customizable. I'm imagining a ring-shaped base with several clips attached to the circumference to hold the stakes.

Specifically, I need a parametric OpenSCAD design that allows me to define the following:

1.  **Support Diameter:** The overall diameter of the ring base.
2.  **Support Thickness:** The thickness (height) of the ring base.
3.  **Support Width:** The width (radial thickness) of the ring itself.
4.  **Catch Diameter:** The diameter of the circular opening in the clips that will hold the stakes.
5.  **Catch Opening:** The width of the opening/gap in the clips that allows the sticks to be inserted (this will determine the size of the triangle cutout in the clip).
6.  **Number of Catches:** The number of clips around the ring base (I'm thinking at least 3, but it should be configurable).

The clips should be attached radially to the outer or inner edge of the main ring, or evenly spaced at some reasonable offset from the center. The clip design should include a circular opening and a triangle cut-out to allow inserting the sticks. I would like the cuts to be a bit offset to avoid issues with OpenSCAD, so a small offset should be included.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I don't need any fancy libraries for this I think. Just pure OpenSCAD primitives and math.

[Assistant]
plant_support.scad:
```
Support_Diameter=140;
Support_Thickness=2.5;
Support_Width=4;
Catch_Diameter=5;
Catch_Opening=0.8*Catch_Diameter;
$fn = 64;
openSCADErr=0.01;

//Generate the main shape of the support
difference()
{
    // Draw a full circle/cylinder of the appropriate dimensions
    cylinder(Support_Thickness,
                Support_Diameter/2,
                Support_Diameter/2);

    // Cut-out the interior
    translate( [0,0, -openSCADErr/2] )
    cylinder(Support_Thickness + openSCADErr,
                Support_Diameter/2 - Support_Width,
                Support_Diameter/2 - Support_Width);

    // Cut one one half of it
    translate( [0,0, -openSCADErr/2] )
    translate([-Support_Diameter/2, 0, 0])
        cube([Support_Diameter,
              Support_Diameter/2,
              Support_Thickness + openSCADErr]);
}

//Left Catch
 place_catch( [ -Support_Diameter/2+Support_Width/2,
                Catch_Diameter/2,
                0]);
//Right Catch
place_catch( [  Support_Diameter/2-Support_Width/2,
                Catch_Diameter/2,
                0]);
//Center Catch
place_catch( [  0,
               -Support_Diameter/2+Support_Width+Catch_Diameter/2,
                0]);

//Function to generate one catch and place it to the given coordinates
module place_catch(catch_postion)
{
    catch_width=Support_Width/2;
    catch_radius=Catch_Diameter/2;

    translate(catch_postion)
    {
        rotate([0,0,90])
        difference()
            {
                //Start with a circle
                cylinder(Support_Thickness,
                            catch_radius + catch_width,
                            catch_radius + catch_width );

                // Cut-out the interior
                translate( [0,0, -openSCADErr/2] )
                cylinder(Support_Thickness + openSCADErr,
                            catch_radius,
                            catch_radius);

                // Cut the opening using a triangle, so that the circle opening is correct
                //First we calculate the x,y of one of the tringle points and the slope of
                //the line from the center of the circle to that point
                cut_x=sqrt(pow(catch_radius,2)-pow(Catch_Opening/2,2));
                cut_y=(Catch_Opening)/2;
                slope_abs=cut_y/cut_x;
                //..then we use the slope to draw the points and triange
                translate( [0,0, -openSCADErr/2] )
                linear_extrude(Support_Thickness + openSCADErr)
                    polygon([   [0, 0],
                                //[cut_x, cut_y ],    //not actually needed
                                //[cut_x ,-cut_y ],   //not actually needed
                                [catch_radius+catch_width, (catch_radius+catch_width)*slope_abs],
                                [catch_radius+catch_width, -(catch_radius+catch_width)*slope_abs]
                            ],
                            paths=[[0,1,2]]
                            );

            }
      }

}
```


[User]
I'm looking to design a parametric hotend mounting system for my Tronxy X5S 3D printer, specifically for an E3D V6 hotend. I want it to be a complete assembly, similar in concept to the Prusa i3 MK3S hotend setup, but adapted for the X5S's Bowden system and linear rails. It needs to prioritize good airflow for cooling, from right to left, not front to back, since the mounting plate is in the way of front-to-back airflow. I also need a quick-swap system for the hotend using a dovetail joint and a single M3 screw for easy removal and maintenance. The E3D V6 itself should also be easily removable with a couple more screws.

The design should consist of three main parts: a back, a cover, and a mount, all parametric for things like mounting screw hole diameters, standoff lengths, overall height/width of the parts, etc. The mount attaches to the X-axis carriage, and needs to account for the existing holes there. The back and cover will sandwich the hotend and fans. I need it to have parametric holes and mounts for:

*   A 5015 radial fan (needs 2 screw mounts)
*   A 40x40x10 axial fan (needs 4 screw mounts)
*   A Prusa i3 MK3 nozzle fan (using the MK3's mounting style and points), with a single screw for attachment.
*   The E3D V6 hotend (using two screws to secure back and cover together).

The design should allow for cable management, especially for the hotend wires, using a way to secure them with cable strips so the hotend components do not come loose. It should also have space for the wires of the fans to be routed safely through the assembly. The 5015 fan wire, in particular, needs to be routed around a gap in the cover part.

The hotend mount needs to secure to the X-axis plate using 2 of the existing holes and a third point that incorporates a nut. The mount needs to have an embedded hex nut, so it can screw into the X axis carriage. The mount also needs to include the dovetail feature.

It would be really useful if the design could incorporate the following:

*   Parameters for all the dimensions (like overall size, hole diameters, fan mounts, component spacing, dovetail dimensions, etc). This would make it easy to adjust the design later.
*   Use of a modular design, where the different parts are separate modules that can be called with parameters, that could later also be used in other designs.
*   Use of the `linear_extrude` function for the dovetail, rather than `rotate_extrude`.
*   Use of the `difference` function to ensure the proper cutouts for the fans, hotend, screws, and cable management.

I'm pretty sure that covers the major points. I think it would be helpful to also have a small module for generating the nameplates I use on other parts, based on a specified text string. This can be a small module that creates a nameplate with a sunken or raised text depending on a boolean variable. The nameplate is already designed (attached). It needs to have parameters for text, font, size, and overall dimensions, and it should be a separate, independent module that can be included in other designs. I'd like this to use the "Allerta Stencil" font by default for sunken text, and "Arial" font for raised text.

For libraries I would like to use the BOSL library and the BOLTS library to ensure precise mounting of the screws, and use the appropriate nuts. I am not sure, if there is a library for dovetails, but this should be achieved by a simple use of the `linear_extrude` function in OpenSCAD.

[Assistant]
Nameplate.scad:
```
/*[Nameplate Settings]*/
//in mm
thickness=1; //[0.1:5]
//text to appear on nameplate
nameplatetext="E04M";
//check if text is raised or sunken
raised = false;

module nameplate() {
  totalwidth=49.75;
  indentpos=41.5;
  totalheight=20;
  holeradius=1.75;

  //font = "DIN Schablonierschrift";
  font = raised ? "Arial" : "Allerta Stencil";

  difference() {
    cube(size=[totalwidth, totalheight, thickness]);

    rotate([0,0,45])
      cube(size=[2.828, 2.828, thickness*3], center=true);

    translate([totalwidth,0,0])
      rotate([0,0,45])
      cube(size=[2.828, 2.828, thickness*3], center=true);

    translate([4.875, 4.5, 0])
      cylinder(r=holeradius, thickness*3, center=true, $fn=100);

    translate([24.875, 4.5, 0])
      cylinder(r=holeradius, thickness*3, center=true, $fn=100);

    translate([44.875, 4.5, 0])
      cylinder(r=holeradius, thickness*3, center=true, $fn=100);

    translate([indentpos, 11.5, -thickness/2]) cube([20, 20, thickness*2]);

    if (!raised) {
      translate([indentpos/2, 14, -thickness/2])
        rotate([0,0,180])
        linear_extrude(height = thickness*2) {
           text(
             nameplatetext,
             font = font, size = 9, valign="center", halign="center"
           );
        }
     }
  }

  if (raised) {
    translate([indentpos/2, 14, 0])
    rotate([0,0,180])
    linear_extrude(height = thickness*2) {
       text(
         nameplatetext,
         font = font, size = 9, valign="center", halign="center"
       );
    }
  }
}

nameplate();

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a parametric cable holder for 2020 aluminum extrusion profiles, similar to the design I've found online (I've included the original SCAD file for reference). I'd like the design to be flexible enough to work with various cable sizes and mounting positions.

Here's what I'm envisioning for the design, and the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

**Core Features:**

*   **T-Slot Attachment:** The holder needs to securely attach to a standard 2020 T-slot profile. I've included the profile dimensions I'm working with in the provided SCAD file, but I'd like the design to easily adapt to different profile measurements if possible, so that those can also be parameterized.
*   **Cable Holding Area:** A semi-circular channel to hold the cables, with the diameter being adjustable.
*   **Screw-less Design:** Like the original, I would like the holder to slide onto the extrusion without needing screws, and be easily removable and repositionable.
*   **Slightly Loosened Fit:**  I'd want a parameter to slightly loosen the fit to account for variations in print material or profile dimensions.
*   **Sliding Installation:** I need to make sure it can be slid onto the 2020 profile. I expect it to be oriented to the profile from the side as seen in the reference SCAD file, with the cable slot open upward.

**Parameters:**

*   `holder_ln`: Overall length of the cable holder (along the extrusion).
*   `holder_id`: Inner diameter of the cable holding channel.
*   `holder_th`: Thickness of the cable holder wall.
*   `loosen`: A value to loosen the fit with the extrusion profile.
*   `profile_slot_width`: Width of the T-slot opening on the extrusion.
*   `profile_slot_depth`: Depth of the T-slot on the extrusion.
*   `profile_cage_width`: Width of the main body of the extrusion.
*   `profile_cage_corner_cut`: Size of the cut at the corners of the extrusion.
*   `profile_wall_thickness`: Thickness of the walls of the extrusion.

**Additional Design Notes:**

*   I'd like for it to have the same kind of cutout that allows it to be installed onto the extrusion. It can't just be a solid C clamp.
*   I'd also like the small slot on the back to remain, for inserting a screwdriver for prying it off if needed.
*   The chamfers on the attachment profile should also be included.
*   I'd also like the half-cylinder cut that goes all the way through, so that only half of the holder grips the extrusion.
*   The extrusion profile should be completely parameterized. I know I provided a module in my attached file that will work, but I would like the same to be created from scratch.

I'm happy to try to provide more information if needed. I would like it to be generated in a single file, if possible. I'm looking for well-commented, robust, easily modifiable code.

I'm not asking for any libraries, so I don't expect you to include any.

[Assistant]
profile-cable-holder.scad:
```
// OB-2020 T-Slot Cable Holder
// v1, 26/3/2019
// by inks007
// Modified for 2020 profile by frol, 2019-04-05
// This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
// (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

// Cable holder length
holder_ln = 15;
// Cable holder inner diameter (range = 5-36)
holder_id = 9; // [5:36]
// Cable holder thickness (range = 2-4)
holder_th = 1.5; // [0.5:0.25:4]
// Loosen fit (range = 0-0.3)
loosen = 0.1; // [0:0.05:0.31]

/* [Profile Sizes] */

profile_slot_width=6.2;
profile_slot_depth=6.1;
profile_cage_width=11;
profile_cage_corner_cut=2.55;
profile_wall_thickness=1.9;

/* [Hidden] */

holder_hln = holder_ln/2;
holder_ir = holder_id/2;
holder_od = holder_id+holder_th*2;
holder_or = holder_ir+holder_th;
holder_os = sqrt(pow(holder_ir+holder_th,2)-pow(profile_slot_width/2,2))-holder_ir;
cut_os = 0.6*holder_ir;
cut_points = [[0,0],[0,cut_os-1],[1,cut_os],[holder_hln+0.1,cut_os]];

rotate([-90,90,0]) holder();

module holder() {
	difference() {
		rotate([0,-90,0]) linear_extrude(holder_ln,convexity=3,center=true) difference() {
			union() {
				offset(delta=-loosen) flange_profile();
				intersection() {
					translate([holder_ir+holder_os,0]) circle(d=holder_od,$fn=90);
					translate([holder_id+holder_os,0]) square(holder_od+2,center=true);
				}
				translate([holder_ir/2+holder_os/2,0]) square([holder_ir+holder_os,holder_od],center=true);
			}
			translate([holder_ir+holder_os,0]) circle(d=holder_id,$fn=90);
		}
		// Base cut
		translate([0,0,-10]) linear_extrude(10.1+holder_os+holder_ir,convexity=2) square([holder_ln+2,0.01],center=true);
		// Z cut
		rotate_duplicate([0,0,1]) translate([0,0,holder_os+holder_ir]) linear_extrude(holder_or+1,convexity=2) for (p=[0:1:len(cut_points)-2]) hull() {
			translate(cut_points[p]) circle(r=0.01,$fn=8);
			translate(cut_points[p+1]) circle(r=0.01,$fn=8);
		}
		// Screwdriver slot
		translate([0,0,holder_os+holder_ir+holder_or/2+0.5]) cube([0.5,cut_os*2-3,holder_or+1],center=true);
		// Slide on chamfers
		rotate_duplicate([0,0,1]) translate([holder_hln,cut_os,holder_os+holder_ir]) cylinder(r=1,h=holder_or+1,$fn=4);
		rotate_duplicate([0,0,1]) translate([holder_hln,0,-10]) cylinder(r=2,h=10.1+holder_os+holder_ir,$fn=4);
//		rotate_duplicate([0,0,1]) translate([holder_hln,0,-10]) linear_extrude(10.1+holder_os+holder_ir,convexity=2) polygon([[1,2],[0,2],[-2,0],[-1,0],[0,-1],[1,-1]]);
		// Remove half
		translate([0,(holder_id+holder_th)/2+1,-10]) linear_extrude(10.1+holder_os+holder_ir,convexity=2) square([holder_ln+2,holder_id+holder_th+2],center=true);
		translate([0,0,holder_os+holder_ir]) linear_extrude(holder_or+1,convexity=2) for (p=[0:1:len(cut_points)-2]) hull() {
			translate(cut_points[p]) rotate(90) square(holder_id+holder_th);
			translate(cut_points[p+1]) rotate(90) square(holder_id+holder_th);
		}
		rotate(180) translate([0,0,holder_os+holder_ir]) linear_extrude(holder_or+1,convexity=2) for (p=[0:1:len(cut_points)-2]) hull() {
			translate(cut_points[p]) rotate(-90) square(holder_id+holder_th);
			translate(cut_points[p+1]) rotate(-90) square(holder_id+holder_th);
		}
	}
}

// OB-2020 slot profile
module flange_profile() {
    sw=profile_slot_width/2;
    sd=profile_slot_depth;
    st=profile_wall_thickness;
    cw=profile_cage_width/2;
    cc=profile_cage_corner_cut;
    rotate(-90)
        polygon([
            [-sw,1],
            [-sw,-st],
            [-cw,-st],
            [-cw,-sd+cc],
            [-cw+cc,-sd],
            [cw-cc,-sd],
            [cw,-sd+cc],
            [cw,-st],
            [sw,-st],
            [sw,1]
        ]);
}

module mirror_duplicate(axis) {
	x = axis[0] ? [0,1] : [0];
	y = axis[1] ? [0,1] : [0];
	z = axis[2] ? [0,1] : [0];
	for (a=x) mirror([a,0,0]) for (b=y) mirror([0,b,0]) for (c=z) mirror([0,0,c]) children();
}

module rotate_duplicate(v,n=2) {
	step = 360/n;
	for (a=[0:step:359]) rotate(a=a,v=v) children();
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric OpenSCAD model for a car key, specifically a CY24 type key used in many Dodge and Chrysler vehicles. I'd like to be able to specify the bitting (the cut depths) as parameters, and have the model generate the key blank with those cuts, including the warding cuts. The model should also have a customizable handle.

Here's a breakdown of the key's components and dimensions I've gathered. Please note that the dimensions might need slight adjustments based on testing but I'm hoping to at least get close:

*   **Blade:**
    *   Length: 55.0 mm
    *   Width: 8.636 mm
    *   Thickness: 2.0 mm
*   **Warding 1 (Top & Bottom):**
    *   Length: 36.0 mm
    *   Width: 2.0 mm (Top), 1.0 mm (Bottom - or rather, a space of 1 mm)
    *   Thickness: 1.0 mm (Top), 1.0 mm (Bottom - a space from the bottom of the blade)
    *   Position: Top warding should be located near the top surface of the blade, while the bottom warding should be near the bottom of the blade.
*   **Warding 2 (Center):**
    *   Length: 36.0 mm
    *   Width: 1.0 mm
    *   Thickness: 0.5 mm
    *   Position: These should be two mirrored cuts centered along the blade's width, one near the top and one near the bottom of the blade
*   **Bitting:**
    *   There are 8 bit positions (cuts), and each can have a depth from 1 to 4. These positions need to be spaced out according to what's common in CY24 keys and should be measured from the key tip. The depths are not just linear measurements but based on what's used in a key blank. I'll give you specific depths below.
    *   Depth Values:
        *   Depth 1:  8.636 mm
        *   Depth 2:  7.993 mm
        *   Depth 3:  7.366 mm
        *   Depth 4:  6.731 mm
    *   Bit Spacing (from key tip):
        *   Bit 0: 7.518 mm
        *   Bit 1: 9.881 mm
        *   Bit 2: 12.211 mm
        *   Bit 3: 14.554 mm
        *   Bit 4: 16.891 mm
        *   Bit 5: 19.225 mm
        *   Bit 6: 21.565 mm
        *   Bit 7: 23.901 mm
*   **Handle:**
    *   Should be a separate module or object, attached to the base of the blade with a bit of space in between (about 10mm)
    *   Customizable dimensions (length, width, thickness), with rounded corners
    *   Include the possibility of adding a hole for key ring or lanyard.

The code should take the following parameters as inputs:

*   `Key_Code`:  An 8-element vector representing the bitting (cut depths 1-4) for each of the 8 positions. This goes from tip to bow.
*   `Handle_Length`: Length of the handle.
*   `Handle_Width`: Width of the handle.
*   `Handle_Thickness`: Thickness of the handle.

I'd like the code to be as clean and easy to read as possible. Please use modules for the different parts (blade, warding, bitting cuts, handle), where it makes sense to do so. I don't need to be able to preview the model from a particular view, but north is preferred for a visual preview, and make sure to add a tilt for isometric viewing in the preview definition. The key should use the `difference()` primitive to cut away from an initial cuboid. I want it to also include the bevel at the end of the key blade.

I think the key should come out relatively cleanly using these parameters and some careful modeling. Please don't worry about trying to produce a model that is ready to be used with a car, I'm only using it as a guide for hand filing. Also note, it is very important that the key is not fully cut to the depth to leave some material, so the tool paths for the cuts should be shallower than the depth of the key's cuts and leave a ridge of material remaining which can be removed with hand files. I will try to print a few test examples of this key and see if I can file it down for usage.

I don't have any preferred libraries, but if there are any that would make it easier, please feel free to use them. Otherwise I'm happy to use basic primitives.

[Assistant]
CY24_Key.scad:
```
// preview[view:north, tilt:top]

/* [Bitting 1-4] */
Depth_1		=	1; //[1,2,3,4]
Depth_2		=	2; //[1,2,3,4]
Depth_3		=	3; //[1,2,3,4]
Depth_4		=	4; //[1,2,3,4]
/* [Bitting 5-8] */
Depth_5		=	1; //[1,2,3,4]
Depth_6		=	2; //[1,2,3,4]
Depth_7		=	3; //[1,2,3,4]
Depth_8		=	4; //[1,2,3,4]
/* [Hidden] */
Key_Code    =   [Depth_1,Depth_2,Depth_3,Depth_4,Depth_5,Depth_6,Depth_7,Depth_8];// Key code Tip to Bow

//Module produces a cube with rounded corners
module rounded(size, r) {
    union() {
        translate([r, 0, 0]) cube([size[0]-2*r, size[1], size[2]]);
        translate([0, r, 0]) cube([size[0], size[1]-2*r, size[2]]);
        translate([r, r, 0]) cylinder(h=size[2], r=r);
        translate([size[0]-r, r, 0]) cylinder(h=size[2], r=r);
        translate([r, size[1]-r, 0]) cylinder(h=size[2], r=r);
        translate([size[0]-r, size[1]-r, 0]) cylinder(h=size[2], r=r);
    }
}

Blade_Len   = 55.0;
Blade_Width =  8.636; //Based on chart showing a #1 cut = 0.340"
Blade_Thk   =  2.0;

Ward1_Len   = 36.0;
Ward1_Width =  2.0;
Ward1_Thk   =  1.0;

Ward2_Len   = 36.0;
Ward2_Width =  1.0;
Ward2_Thk   =  0.5;

//Took Bit depth and spacing from a chart in inches.
//Define vectors and convert to mm
Depth_in    =   [0.340, 0.315, 0.290, 0.265];
Depth       =   Depth_in * 25.4;
echo("Depth:", Depth);
Bit_in      =   [0.296, 0.389, 0.481, 0.573, 0.665, 0.757, 0.849, 0.941];
Bit         =   Bit_in * 25.4;
echo(Bit);

//position of cut for ward 1A (Top side)
W1A_X = 0.0;
W1A_Y = 0.0;
W1A_Z = Blade_Thk - Ward1_Thk;

//position of cut for ward 1B (Bottom side)
W1B_X = 0.0;
W1B_Y = Blade_Width-Ward1_Width;
W1B_Z = 0.0;

//Ward 2 is a pair of central cuts down the center of the blade
//I'm defining the center of each cutout this time
W2_X =  Ward2_Len   / 2.0;
W2_Y =  Blade_Width / 2.0; //center of blade
W2A_Z=  Blade_Thk - (Ward2_Thk / 2.0);
W2B_Z=  0.0;

difference(){
                                            cube([Blade_Len,Blade_Width,Blade_Thk]); //Blade
    translate([W1A_X,W1A_Y,W1A_Z])          cube([Ward1_Len,Ward1_Width,Ward1_Thk]); //Warding 1A
    translate([W1B_X,W1B_Y,W1B_Z])          cube([Ward1_Len,Ward1_Width,Ward1_Thk]); //Warding 1B
    translate ([W2_X, W2_Y,W2A_Z])          cube([Ward2_Len,Ward2_Width,Ward2_Thk],true);//Warding 2A
    translate ([W2_X, W2_Y,W2B_Z])          cube([Ward2_Len,Ward2_Width,Ward2_Thk],true);//Warding 2B

	//cut out rectangular bits to correct depth pos 0-7, tip towards bow
	for(bit = [0:1:7]){
		translate([Bit[bit], Depth[Key_Code[bit]-1], W1A_Z]) #cube([1,Blade_Width-Depth[Key_Code[bit]-1],1]);
		translate([Bit[bit],                      0, W1B_Z]) #cube([1,Blade_Width-Depth[Key_Code[bit]-1],1]);
		}

    // No reason to get too fancy. Just cut off tip at a 45.
    translate ([ 0.0, Blade_Width / 2.0, 0.0])
    {rotate    ([0,0,45]) cube ([Blade_Width*0.71,Blade_Width*0.5, Blade_Thk]);}
    translate ([ 0.0, Blade_Width / 2.0, 0.0])
    {rotate    ([0,0,-135]) cube ([Blade_Width*0.5,Blade_Width*0.71, Blade_Thk]);}
    }

//Now let's add a simple handle
Bow_Space   =   10.0;
H_Len   =   20.0;
H_Width =   30.0;
H_Thk   =   Blade_Thk + 2.0;

translate ([Ward1_Len+Bow_Space, 0.0, 0.0])
difference(){
                                                               rounded([H_Len,H_Width,H_Thk],4);
    translate ([H_Len/2, H_Width/2, H_Thk/2])  cylinder(h=H_Thk+10, r=4, center=true);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric SD card holder, and I'm envisioning something that can be easily customized for different sizes. The basic design is a rectangular block with angled slots to hold the cards. I need to control the number of slots, the overall size of the holder, and the dimensions of the slots themselves. I want to be able to store standard SD cards in the normal orientation. It should also be scalable.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

*   **Number of card slots:** This should be a variable, let's call it `cardCount`. The default will be 4.
*   **Overall dimensions:** I want to be able to adjust the overall size of the holder in the X, Y, and Z directions, so let's have variables for `y` and `z` to represent the base block's dimensions, with `y` being the width of the base and `z` being the height. `x` is based on the number of slots. Let's also add `xSlot` to set the horizontal spacing between the card slots, with 10mm as a starting value.  Let's set `y` to 15mm and `z` to 27mm as base values to begin.
*   **Card slot dimensions:** The slots need to be sized for standard SD cards, but with some tolerance. Let's define  `sdCardX`, `sdCardY` and `sdCardZ` as 32mm, 24mm, and 2mm respectively.  I'll need a tolerance value to ensure the cards fit properly, lets call it `tol` and give it a starting value of 0.2mm.
*   **Slot angle:**  I want the slots to be angled slightly back, say -20 degrees.  We can use a variable named `angle` to store the angle.
*   **Scalability:** I'd like to be able to easily scale the design, so we should use variables throughout rather than relying on absolute measurements. I should be able to scale down to 50% to store micro SD cards, and scale up by 300% to store SSDs.

The overall design will be a rectangular block, with angled slots cut out. The slots should be positioned to allow easy insertion and removal of the cards, with each card slightly offset from the one before it.  There should also be a bit of a backing to the slot to make it deeper, like it was cut out of a solid block. I think a `difference()` operation will be useful here. The last slot should also be slightly different, a bit bigger in size, as well as being the last slot in the overall design. It may be helpful to have a specific module dedicated to drawing the card slots themselves.

I'm not particular about which libraries to use, or whether it's one file or several files, as long as it's parametric and easy to modify.

[Assistant]
verticalSdCardholder.scad:
```

// Number of card slots
cardCount = 4;

// Adding 0 to not show up in thingiverse customizer
y = 15 + 0;
z = 27 + 0;

xSlot = 10 + 0;
ySlot = 3 + 0;

sdCardX = 32 + 0;
sdCardY = 24 + 0;
sdCardZ = 2 + 0;
tol = 0.2 + 0;
angle = -20 + 0;

verticalHolder();

module verticalHolder() {
  difference() {
    cube([(cardCount + 1) * 11, y, z]);
    for (slot = [0 : cardCount ]) {
      translate([xSlot * (slot - 1) + 0.5, y-3, -0.5]) {
        rotate([0, 0, angle]) {
          if (slot == cardCount) {
            cube([50, 20, z + 1]);
          } else {
            cube([xSlot, 20, z + 1]);
          }
        }
      }
      if(slot < cardCount) {
        translate([xSlot * (slot - 1), y, (z - sdCardY)/2 -tol]) {
          rotate([0, 0, angle]) {
            sdCard(tol);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

module sdCard(tol) {
  rotate([90, 0, 0]) {
    cube([sdCardX, sdCardY + 2 * tol, sdCardZ + 2 * tol]);
  }
}
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to have some simple, printable office steps designed in OpenSCAD. I've seen a couple of designs, but would like something parametric that can be customized for different sizes and numbers of steps.

Here's the basic idea: The steps should be a series of stacked, progressively smaller platforms, forming a staircase-like structure. I want to be able to control the overall Length, Width, and Height of the steps, as well as the number of individual steps. It should be possible to define a minimum wall thickness for each platform as well.

I'm picturing two main versions, one that is hollowed out to save on material, and another that's completely solid. For the hollow version, the back of each step should be removed, and there should be a thin wall around the perimeter. For the solid version, there's no need to remove anything, just a simple stacked solid structure.

I want the design to use the following parameters:
*   `L` (Length): Overall length of the steps
*   `W` (Width): Overall width of the steps
*   `H` (Height): Overall height of the steps
*   `nSteps` (Number of Steps): The total number of steps
*   `t` (Thickness): Minimum thickness of the walls (for the hollow version)

For the hollow design, I think a "difference" operation with an extruded cavity shape will work best to remove the back.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file for each of these versions? I'd like to be able to modify all those variables easily and get the corresponding shapes for both the solid and the hollow versions.

I don't need any complex library imports or features, just simple OpenSCAD commands will do.

[Assistant]
Office_Steps.scad:
```
//Office Steps
//by: Brett Mattas
//date: March 22, 2019
//units: mm

//Description:
// Office steps without back or bottom

/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////  PARAMETERS ///////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////

//Global Parameters
$fn = 50; //Roundness parameter
// Arbitrary small number to avoid coincident faces
EPS = 0.01;

L = 150; //Length
W = 150; //Width
H = 150; //Height
nSteps = 3; //Number of steps
t = 10; // Minimum thickness

/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////  RENDERS //////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////

//Driver
Steps();

/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////  FUNCTIONS ////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////

//Spherical Coordinates
function radius(x, y, z) = pow(pow(x,2)+pow(y,2)+pow(z,2),0.5);

/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////  MODULES //////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////

module Steps()
{
    difference(){
        //Elements added
        union(){

            for (istep = [0:nSteps-1])
            {
                cube(size = [
                    (nSteps-istep)/nSteps*L,
                    W,
                    (istep+1)/nSteps*H
                ], center = false);
            }

        }

        //Elements removed
        union(){
            translate([L-EPS, t, -EPS])
                rotate([90, 0, 180])
                linear_extrude(
                        height=W-2*t,
                        center=false,
                        convexity=10
                        )
                CavityShape();

        }
    }
}

module CavityShape()
{
    theta = atan(H/L);
    x1 = t/sin(theta);
    y1 = t/cos(theta);
    difference(){
        //Elements added
        union(){

            translate([0, 0, 0])
                polygon(points = [
                    [x1, 0],
                    [L, H-y1],
                    [L, 0]
                ]);
        }

        //Elements removed
        union(){

        }
    }
}

module TemplateModule()
{
    difference(){
        //Elements added
        union(){

        }

        //Elements removed
        union(){

        }
    }
}

```
Office_Steps_solid.scad:
```
//Office Steps
//by: Brett Mattas
//date: March 22, 2019
//units: mm

//Description:
// Office steps without back or bottom

/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////  PARAMETERS ///////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////

//Global Parameters
$fn = 50; //Roundness parameter
// Arbitrary small number to avoid coincident faces
EPS = 0.01;

L = 150; //Length
W = 150; //Width
H = 150; //Height
nSteps = 3; //Number of steps
t = 10; // Minimum thickness

/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////  RENDERS //////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////

//Driver
Steps();

/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////  FUNCTIONS ////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////

//Spherical Coordinates
function radius(x, y, z) = pow(pow(x,2)+pow(y,2)+pow(z,2),0.5);

/////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////  MODULES //////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////

module Steps()
{
    difference(){
        //Elements added
        union(){

            for (istep = [0:nSteps-1])
            {
                cube(size = [
                    (nSteps-istep)/nSteps*L,
                    W,
                    (istep+1)/nSteps*H
                ], center = false);
            }

        }

        //Elements removed
        *union(){
            translate([L-EPS, t, -EPS])
                rotate([90, 0, 180])
                linear_extrude(
                        height=W-2*t,
                        center=false,
                        convexity=10
                        )
                CavityShape();

        }
    }
}

module CavityShape()
{
    theta = atan(H/L);
    x1 = t/sin(theta);
    y1 = t/cos(theta);
    difference(){
        //Elements added
        union(){

            translate([0, 0, 0])
                polygon(points = [
                    [x1, 0],
                    [L, H-y1],
                    [L, 0]
                ]);
        }

        //Elements removed
        union(){

        }
    }
}

module TemplateModule()
{
    difference(){
        //Elements added
        union(){

        }

        //Elements removed
        union(){

        }
    }
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design an interlocking rings puzzle, similar to the one described in the original design by emmett, but with some modifications to make it easier to print. The main problem with the original design is that the small, isolated pieces on the first layer often come unstuck, causing the print to fail. My plan is to add a small, connected "brim" to the bottom of the rings to hold everything together until the other layers are printed, then they can be removed easily.

Here's the breakdown of the design:

**Core Structure:**

*   The puzzle consists of three interlocking rings.
*   Each ring has a hexagonal cross-section.
*   The rings interlock because they have cuts that allow them to be assembled by sliding them together. They are oriented at 40-degree angles relative to each other when assembled.
*   The "cut" geometry involves removing wedges from the hexagonal ring, creating the necessary gaps. These cuts are mirrored on the other side of the ring to go all the way through.
*   The cut shapes should be created by using intersections of cube-like objects, and we should be able to configure the location, angles, and size of the cuts parametrically.
*  The rings should be built using 6 mirrored copies of the base shape, rotated 60 degrees each time.
*   There should be a function to produce a single full ring, and a function to produce all the rings in their final assembled position.

**Parametric Design:**

I need the design to be highly parametric, so I can adjust it for different sizes and tolerances. Here are the key parameters:

*   `tol`: Tolerance, vertical gap between the rings. This value is currently 0.4, but I'd like it to be adjustable.
*   `L`: Median-ish diameter of the puzzle, currently 60, but this should be able to be changed. This should probably affect the size of the cut-out boxes and the overall size of the rings.
*   `W`: Width of the hexagonal cross-section, currently 5, but should be a configurable parameter.
*   `phi`: Angle used to determine the cuts - 60 degrees now, but this should be exposed as a param.
*   `f`: A fraction used to calculate the size of the cuts. Its current value is 0.43, which seems to work, but again should be exposed.
*   `brim_height`: Height of the brim, currently 0.2. This should allow for a single layer when printing.
*   `brim_gap`: The small gap between the brim and the actual ring, currently 0.05. This helps separate the brim from the puzzle later. This should be exposed as a parameter, as well.

**Brim Details:**

*   The "brim" is a cylindrical base that supports the model during the first layer.
*   It should be slightly smaller than the main model, with the specified `brim_gap`, so that the slicer keeps it separate from the ring.
*   The model should be constructed using `difference()` so the base is there when all the pieces are rendered together, but then it doesn't interfere with the puzzle itself.
*   The brim should be on the bottom side of the model to provide support, but it should be easy to remove after printing.
*  The brim should be generated only after the rings have already been placed, but should then be applied _to_ the rings in the original position.

**Functionality:**

*   I would need functions for the rings themselves and then the base brim, so they can be easily rendered and combined.
*   All parameters should be adjustable and configurable in the main script, so it's easy to customize.

**Output:**

*   I would like the code to be in one or more .scad files, with clear comments for each part of the design, and all the params at the top. It needs to be possible to change the params without needing to dig into the functions themselves.
*   No need to use any specific libraries for this design.

I think that covers it. Let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
rings-noob-edition.scad:
```
// ring puzzle

// Tolerance (vertical gap)
tol=.4;
// Median-ish diameter
L=60;
// Width of of hexagonal cross-section
W=5;
// Angle
phi=60;
// Fraction to cut off points
f=0.43; //0.43;
// Height of brim to keep 1st layer joined, 0 to disable
brim_height=0.2;
// Tiny gap between brim and model so that slicer keeps walls
brim_gap=0.05;

translate([0,0,W/2]) rings();
difference() {
    intersection() {
      translate([0,0,W/2]) {
        ring();
        rotate([0,0,40])ring();
        rotate([0,0,80])ring();
      }
      cylinder(brim_height, L, L);
    }
    translate([0,0,W/2]){
      // Remove a bit of material to leave a gap. Do this
      // by removing the part we'd hit if we push down the
      // rings a bit.
      difference() {
        // Translate down to make the cut. Walls are at 60 deg angle,
        // so we need to move 1/cos(60 deg) = 2 times as far to get
        // the desired gap size.
        translate([0,0,-brim_gap * 2]) rings();
        rings();
      }
    }
}

module rings(w=W) union() {
    ring1(w);
    rotate([0,0,40])ring2(w);
    rotate([0,0,80])ring3(w);
}

module wedge(offset=0)
render()
translate([-L,0,0])intersection(){
    rotate([0,0,-45-phi/2])rotate([0,30,0])translate([offset,0,-L/2])cube(L);
    rotate([0,0,-45+phi/2])rotate([-30,0,0])translate([0,offset,-L/2])cube(L);
    translate([L*f,0,0])rotate([0,30,0])translate([offset,-L/2,-L/2])cube(L);
}

module ring(w=W)
render(convexity=4)
difference(){
    for(i=[0:2])rotate([0,0,120*i])intersection(){
        wedge(-w/2);
        mirror([0,0,1])wedge(-w/2);
        cube([2*L,2*L,w],center=true);
    }
    for(i=[0:2])rotate([0,0,120*i]){
        wedge(w/2);
        mirror([0,0,1])wedge(w/2);
    }
}

module cut(w,i,j,up=1)
intersection(){
    rotate([0,0,40*i])translate([0,0,(w-tol/2)*up])ring(2*w);
    rotate([0,0,60*j+75-40*i])translate([w,w,-L/2])cube(L);
}

module ring1(w=W)
render()
difference(){
    ring(w);
    cut(w,1,0,-1);
    cut(w,1,1);
    cut(w,1,2);
    cut(w,1,3);
    cut(w,1,4,-1);
    cut(w,1,5,-1);
    cut(w,2,0,-1);
    cut(w,2,1);
    cut(w,2,2);
    cut(w,2,3);
    cut(w,2,4,-1);
    cut(w,2,5,-1);
}

module ring2(w=W)
render()
difference(){
    ring(w);
    cut(w,1,0);
    cut(w,1,1);
    cut(w,1,2,-1);
    cut(w,1,3,-1);
    cut(w,1,4,-1);
    cut(w,1,5,-1);
    cut(w,2,0);
    cut(w,2,1,-1);
    cut(w,2,2,-1);
    cut(w,2,3,-1);
    cut(w,2,4);
    cut(w,2,5);
}

module ring3(w=W)
render()
difference(){
    ring(w);
    cut(w,1,0,-1);
    cut(w,1,1,-1);
    cut(w,1,2);
    cut(w,1,3);
    cut(w,1,4);
    cut(w,1,5,-1);
    cut(w,2,0,-1);
    cut(w,2,1,-1);
    cut(w,2,2);
    cut(w,2,3);
    cut(w,2,4);
    cut(w,2,5);
}
```


[User]
I need a customizable standoff generator for 3D printing. The basic design should be a cylinder with a hole through the center, but I need to be able to adjust the following parameters:

*   **Height:** The overall height of the standoff.
*   **Outer Radius:** The radius of the outer cylinder.
*   **Inner Radius:** The radius of the hole through the center, which is for a screw to pass through.
*   **Roundness:** The number of segments used to define the circle on the cylinder.
*   **Print Tolerance:** An offset added to both the outer and inner radius to account for print variations, it should add to both the outer and the inner radius.

The file should be written in OpenSCAD, and I want to be able to change these parameters directly in the OpenSCAD file. I'd also like to use a variable named `print_tolerance` to add a consistent tolerance to both outer and inner diameters so that the printed standoff isn't too tight.  Could you create a single .scad file that uses these parameters to generate the standoff? Also, I'd prefer to avoid using any external libraries for this project.

[Assistant]
standoff_customizable_04.scad:
```

//Set the height of the standoff in mm
standoff_height = 30;
//Set the outer radius of the standoff in mm
standoff_outer_radius = 2.5;
//Set the inner radius of the standoff in mm
standoff_inner_radius = 1;
//Set the outer roundness of the standoff in divisions
standoff_roundness= 6;
//Set the tolerance depending to your printquality and screw tightness
print_tolerance=0.1;

difference()
{
  cylinder(r=standoff_outer_radius+print_tolerance, h=standoff_height, $fn=standoff_roundness);
  translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(h=standoff_height+10,r=standoff_inner_radius+print_tolerance,$fn=100+0);

}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a customizable bolt shortening jig, and I need some help with the OpenSCAD code. I've seen a design that uses a cube with a nut-sized hexagonal hole and a through-hole for the bolt. The cube also optionally has text on its sides.

Here’s what I’m thinking for the parameters:

*   **Nut/Bolt:**
    *   `wsize`: Width of the nut or bolt head (flat side to flat side, in mm). This should probably be adjustable. Let's make sure the hole made in the cube is slightly smaller than this value so the nut can be pressed in securely.
    *   `nutheight`: Height or depth of the nut in mm. If this is set to 0, default it to `wsize/2`.
    *   `threadholediam`: Diameter of the hole for the bolt thread in mm. If this is set to 0, it should default to `wsize - 2`. It's good to make this a little bigger than the actual thread diameter but smaller than `wsize`.

*   **Cube:**
    *   `cubewidth`: Width of the cube in mm. If set to 0, it should default to `wsize * 2`.
    *   `cubeheight`: Height of the cube in mm. If set to 0, it should default to `nutheight * 2`.

*   **Text:**
    *   `textfont`: A string for the font to use. Let's start with "Arial."
    *   `cubetext1`, `cubetext2`, `cubetext3`, `cubetext4`: Strings for text to be placed on the four vertical sides of the cube.  Each should default to empty so they're optional.
    *   `textsizefactor`: A factor that determines the text size relative to the cube height. Make this adjustable, let's start it at `0.5`.

I'm envisioning a single module, something like `boltSawHelp()` that generates the entire cube with the holes and text. The primary purpose of this thing is to hold nuts securely while cutting bolts, so I need a snug fit for the nuts. The text should be oriented correctly on each face of the cube.

I'm not sure if this would require any specific libraries, but it seems simple enough. Let me know if you need more details.

[Assistant]
BoltSawHelp1.scad:
```
//By Coat, 11-april-2019
//Licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution license.
//Sawhelp for shorten bolts and machine screws, useable calibrationcube

/* [Nut or Bolt] */
//Width nut or bolt head (mm, flat side to flatside), make it a little smaller, so you can press in the nut.
wsize = 6.8; //[1:0.1:20]
//Height/depth of nut   (mm, if 0 -> wsize/2)
nutheight = 0; //[0:0.1:10]
//Hole fo threat (mm, if 0 -> wsize-2, make it bigger then actual size and smaller then wsize)
threadholediam = 0; //[0:0.1:20]

/* [Cube] */
//Width of cube (mm, if 0 -> two times wsize)
cubewidth = 0; //[0:1:40]
//Height of cube (mm, if 0 -> two times nutheight)
cubeheight = 0;  //[0:1:40]

/* [text, optional] */
//Font
textfont = "Arial";
//Text for each vertical side
cubetext1 = "M4";
cubetext2 = "";
cubetext3 = "";
cubetext4 = "";
//Fontsize = this factor * cubeheight
textsizefactor= 0.5; //[0:0.05:1]

//---Modules---
module cylinsert(dd, hh,ff,rr)  //diameter,height,fn,angle
{
  $fn = ff;
  rotate([0,0,rr])
    cylinder(d = dd, h = hh, center= true);
}

module textoncube(tt,zr)
{
  if (tt!="")
  {
    rotate([0,0,zr])
    translate([0,-cw/2,0])
      rotate([90,0,0])
        linear_extrude(height = 1, center = true)
          text(tt, size = ch*textsizefactor, font = textfont, halign="center",valign="center",spacing = 1);
  }
}

//----Thing---

//secondary parameters
nh= nutheight==0?wsize/2:nutheight;
thd = threadholediam==0?wsize-2:threadholediam;
cw= cubewidth==0?wsize*2:cubewidth;
ch= cubeheight==0?nh*2:cubeheight;

translate([0,0,ch/2])
  difference()
  {
    cube([cw,cw,ch], center = true);
    translate([0,0,ch/2])
      cylinsert(wsize/sqrt(0.75), nh*2,6,0); //hole to fit nut/bolt
    cylinsert(thd, ch*2,32,0); //hole for thread
    textoncube(cubetext1,0);
    textoncube(cubetext2,90);
    textoncube(cubetext3,180);
    textoncube(cubetext4,270);
  }

```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable, multi-line label using OpenSCAD. I need it to be parametric so that I can adjust several aspects of the label and text.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

**Text Input:**

*   I need to be able to input up to 20 lines of text.
*   Each line should be independently configurable.

**Text Formatting:**

*   Each line should have its own configurable font size.
*   If a line contains "---", it should render as a horizontal line. The line's thickness should be based on the font size for that line (font size/10 = line thickness in mm).
*   If a line contains a "|" character, split that text into two columns: text before the "|" is right-aligned, and text after is left-aligned.

**Alignment:**

*   For the two-column text, I need two alignment options:
    *   "towards middle" where the right-aligned column is aligned to the right, and the left-aligned column is aligned to the left, so they approach each other.
    *   "towards edge" where the right-aligned column is aligned to the left edge and the left-aligned column is aligned to the right edge of the label.

*   If using "towards edge", the label's width needs to be a customizable parameter, `width_label`.

**Spacing:**

*   There should be customizable vertical distance (spacing) between the text lines using `verticaldistance`.
*   There should also be a `column_distance` parameter which sets the gap between the two columns.

**Borders:**
* There should be borders on the top and bottom defined by `border_topdown`.
* There should be borders on the left and right side defined by `border_side`.

**Overall Structure:**

*   The text should be extruded into 3D, with a height controlled by a `textheight` parameter.
*   There should be a base under the label, with the thickness controlled by a `base_height` parameter.
*   I need to be able to set the font using a `fontname` parameter. The fonts should be the Google fonts.

**Output:**

* I need a single .scad file which generates a 3D model that contains:
  - The extruded label text.
  - The horizontal lines.
  - A base under the text.
  - The border around the object.

I don't need to use any external libraries for this project. I'd like the code to be clean and well-commented if possible.

[Assistant]
Multiline_Label_VD.scad:
```
//Set the text to render. A "---" will generate a horizontal line of thickness textsize. Text before a "|" will be right-aligned, text after a "|" will be left aligned. You can have many lines, leave the last ones empty if not needed.
text1="! Caution !";
text2="---";
text3="Max. capacity:|14 clowns";
text4="Music style:|Picked by driver";
text5="Batteries:|Not included";
text6="";
text7="";
text8="";
text9="";
text10="";
text11="";
text12="";
text13="";
text14="";
text15="";
text16="";
text17="";
text18="";
text19="";
text20="";

//Set font sizes in mm. Here is one number for each text line above. Note e.g. that the first lines font size is bigger (13). Also note that to get a 1mm line, you have to set the font size to 8.
font_sizes=[13,10,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8];

//text1="We ain't";
//text2="Got shit";
//text3="---";
//text4="Try next door";
//text5="";
//text6="";
//text7="";
//text8="";
//text9="";
//text10="";
//textsizes=[16,16,10,8,8,8,8,8,8,8];
//fontname="Coustard";

//text1="+";
//text2="SAFETY";
//text3="FIRST";
//text4="DRINK";
//text5="WITH A";
//text6="NURSE";
//text7="";
//text8="";
//text9="";
//text10="";
//textsizes=[30,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8];

//text1="Coast Guard Capacity Information";
//text2="---";
//text3="Maximum persons|3";
//text4="Maximum gross load|100kg";
//text5="Persons, motor & equip.|50 pounds";
//text6="Maximum horsepower|42hp";
//text7="---";
//text8="This boat complies with safety standards";
//text9="in effect on date of certification";
//text10="Model#: 3  Serial No: 23542134   Mfr.: Coolboats";
//textsizes=[13,10,8,8,8,8,10,8,8,8];

//text1="|Some";
//text2="|people are";
//text3="|like clouds.";
//text4="|When they";
//text5="|disappear,";
//text6="|it's a";
//text7="|beautiful";
//text8="|day.";
//text9="|";
//text10="|";
//textsizes=[10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10];

//text1="TV channels";
//text2="---";
//text3="Canal Ocho|8";
//text4="W&G TV|9";
//text5="Broken Antenna|11";
//text6="SaltV|25";
//text7="Antarctica Television|34";
//text8="Drying paint|71";
//text9="Noflix|72";
//text10="---";
//textsizes=[13,10,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,10,6,1];

//text1="Wine";
//text2="---";
//text3="Chardonnay|$9.00";
//text4="Merlot|$8.00";
//text5="Oops|$8.00";
//text6="Arrogant Frog|$11.00";
//text7="Cat's Pee|$7.00";
//text8="Mad Housewife|$13.00";
//text9="";
//text10="";
//textsizes=[13,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1,6,1];

//text1="|DO NOT";
//text2="|READ";
//text3="|THE NEXT";
//text4="|SENTENCE.";
//text5="|";
//text6="|";
//text7="|";
//text8="---";
//text9="|You little rebel. I like you.";
//text10="---";
//textsizes=[13,13,13,13,8,8,8,10,6,10];

//Font name. For an overview of the google fonts please refer: http://www.google.com/fonts
fontname="Roboto"; //[ABeeZee,Abel,Abril Fatface,Aclonica,Acme,Actor,Adamina,Advent Pro,Aguafina Script,Akronim,Aladin,Aldrich,Alef,Alegreya,Alegreya Sans,Alegreya Sans SC,Alegreya SC,Alex Brush,Alfa Slab One,Alice,Alike,Alike Angular,Allan,Allerta,Allerta Stencil,Allura,Almendra,Almendra Display,Almendra SC,Amarante,Amaranth,Amatic SC,Amethysta,Amiri,Anaheim,Andada,Andika,Angkor,Annie Use Your Telescope,Anonymous Pro,Antic,Antic Didone,Antic Slab,Anton,Arapey,Arbutus,Arbutus Slab,Architects Daughter,Archivo Black,Archivo Narrow,Arimo,Arizonia,Armata,Artifika,Arvo,Asap,Asset,Astloch,Asul,Atomic Age,Aubrey,Audiowide,Autour One,Average,Average Sans,Averia Gruesa Libre,Averia Libre,Averia Sans Libre,Averia Serif Libre,Bad Script,Balthazar,Bangers,Basic,Battambang,Baumans,Bayon,Belgrano,Belleza,BenchNine,Bentham,Berkshire Swash,Bevan,Bigelow Rules,Bigshot One,Bilbo,Bilbo Swash Caps,Bitter,Black Ops One,Bokor,Bonbon,Boogaloo,Bowlby One,Bowlby One SC,Brawler,Bree Serif,Bubblegum Sans,Bubbler One,Buda,Buenard,Butcherman,Butterfly Kids,Cabin,Cabin Condensed,Cabin Sketch,Caesar Dressing,Cagliostro,Calligraffitti,Cambay,Cambo,Candal,Cantarell,Cantata One,Cantora One,Capriola,Cardo,Carme,Carrois Gothic,Carrois Gothic SC,Carter One,Caudex,Cedarville Cursive,Ceviche One,Changa One,Chango,Chau Philomene One,Chela One,Chelsea Market,Chenla,Cherry Cream Soda,Cherry Swash,Chewy,Chicle,Chivo,Cinzel,Cinzel Decorative,Clicker Script,Coda,Coda Caption,Codystar,Combo,Comfortaa,Coming Soon,Concert One,Condiment,Content,Contrail One,Convergence,Cookie,Copse,Corben,Courgette,Cousine,Coustard,Covered By Your Grace,Crafty Girls,Creepster,Crete Round,Crimson Text,Croissant One,Crushed,Cuprum,Cutive,Cutive Mono,Damion,Dancing Script,Dangrek,Dawning of a New Day,Days One,Dekko,Delius,Delius Swash Caps,Delius Unicase,Della Respira,Denk One,Devonshire,Dhurjati,Didact Gothic,Diplomata,Diplomata SC,Domine,Donegal One,Doppio One,Dorsa,Dosis,Dr Sugiyama,Droid Sans,Droid Sans Mono,Droid Serif,Duru Sans,Dynalight,Eagle Lake,Eater,EB Garamond,Economica,Ek Mukta,Electrolize,Elsie,Elsie Swash Caps,Emblema One,Emilys Candy,Engagement,Englebert,Enriqueta,Erica One,Esteban,Euphoria Script,Ewert,Exo,Exo 2,Expletus Sans,Fanwood Text,Fascinate,Fascinate Inline,Faster One,Fasthand,Fauna One,Federant,Federo,Felipa,Fenix,Finger Paint,Fira Mono,Fira Sans,Fjalla One,Fjord One,Flamenco,Flavors,Fondamento,Fontdiner Swanky,Forum,Francois One,Freckle Face,Fredericka the Great,Fredoka One,Freehand,Fresca,Frijole,Fruktur,Fugaz One,Gabriela,Gafata,Galdeano,Galindo,Gentium Basic,Gentium Book Basic,Geo,Geostar,Geostar Fill,Germania One,GFS Didot,GFS Neohellenic,Gidugu,Gilda Display,Give You Glory,Glass Antiqua,Glegoo,Gloria Hallelujah,Goblin One,Gochi Hand,Gorditas,Goudy Bookletter 1911,Graduate,Grand Hotel,Gravitas One,Great Vibes,Griffy,Gruppo,Gudea,Gurajada,Habibi,Halant,Hammersmith One,Hanalei,Hanalei Fill,Handlee,Hanuman,Happy Monkey,Headland One,Henny Penny,Herr Von Muellerhoff,Hind,Holtwood One SC,Homemade Apple,Homenaje,Iceberg,Iceland,IM Fell Double Pica,IM Fell Double Pica SC,IM Fell DW Pica,IM Fell DW Pica SC,IM Fell English,IM Fell English SC,IM Fell French Canon,IM Fell French Canon SC,IM Fell Great Primer,IM Fell Great Primer SC,Imprima,Inconsolata,Inder,Indie Flower,Inika,Irish Grover,Istok Web,Italiana,Italianno,Jacques Francois,Jacques Francois Shadow,Jim Nightshade,Jockey One,Jolly Lodger,Josefin Sans,Josefin Slab,Joti One,Judson,Julee,Julius Sans One,Junge,Jura,Just Another Hand,Just Me Again Down Here,Kalam,Kameron,Kantumruy,Karla,Karma,Kaushan Script,Kavoon,Kdam Thmor,Keania One,Kelly Slab,Kenia,Khand,Khmer,Khula,Kite One,Knewave,Kotta One,Koulen,Kranky,Kreon,Kristi,Krona One,La Belle Aurore,Laila,Lakki Reddy,Lancelot,Lateef,Lato,League Script,Leckerli One,Ledger,Lekton,Lemon,Liberation Sans,Libre Baskerville,Life Savers,Lilita One,Lily Script One,Limelight,Linden Hill,Lobster,Lobster Two,Londrina Outline,Londrina Shadow,Londrina Sketch,Londrina Solid,Lora,Love Ya Like A Sister,Loved by the King,Lovers Quarrel,Luckiest Guy,Lusitana,Lustria,Macondo,Macondo Swash Caps,Magra,Maiden Orange,Mako,Mallanna,Mandali,Marcellus,Marcellus SC,Marck Script,Margarine,Marko One,Marmelad,Martel Sans,Marvel,Mate,Mate SC,Maven Pro,McLaren,Meddon,MedievalSharp,Medula One,Megrim,Meie Script,Merienda,Merienda One,Merriweather,Merriweather Sans,Metal,Metal Mania,Metamorphous,Metrophobic,Michroma,Milonga,Miltonian,Miltonian Tattoo,Miniver,Miss Fajardose,Modak,Modern Antiqua,Molengo,Molle,Monda,Monofett,Monoton,Monsieur La Doulaise,Montaga,Montez,Montserrat,Montserrat Alternates,Montserrat Subrayada,Moul,Moulpali,Mountains of Christmas,Mouse Memoirs,Mr Bedfort,Mr Dafoe,Mr De Haviland,Mrs Saint Delafield,Mrs Sheppards,Muli,Mystery Quest,Neucha,Neuton,New Rocker,News Cycle,Niconne,Nixie One,Nobile,Nokora,Norican,Nosifer,Nothing You Could Do,Noticia Text,Noto Sans,Noto Serif,Nova Cut,Nova Flat,Nova Mono,Nova Oval,Nova Round,Nova Script,Nova Slim,Nova Square,NTR,Numans,Nunito,Odor Mean Chey,Offside,Old Standard TT,Oldenburg,Oleo Script,Oleo Script Swash Caps,Open Sans,Open Sans Condensed,Oranienbaum,Orbitron,Oregano,Orienta,Original Surfer,Oswald,Over the Rainbow,Overlock,Overlock SC,Ovo,Oxygen,Oxygen Mono,Pacifico,Paprika,Parisienne,Passero One,Passion One,Pathway Gothic One,Patrick Hand,Patrick Hand SC,Patua One,Paytone One,Peddana,Peralta,Permanent Marker,Petit Formal Script,Petrona,Philosopher,Piedra,Pinyon Script,Pirata One,Plaster,Play,Playball,Playfair Display,Playfair Display SC,Podkova,Poiret One,Poller One,Poly,Pompiere,Pontano Sans,Port Lligat Sans,Port Lligat Slab,Prata,Preahvihear,Press Start 2P,Princess Sofia,Prociono,Prosto One,PT Mono,PT Sans,PT Sans Caption,PT Sans Narrow,PT Serif,PT Serif Caption,Puritan,Purple Purse,Quando,Quantico,Quattrocento,Quattrocento Sans,Questrial,Quicksand,Quintessential,Qwigley,Racing Sans One,Radley,Rajdhani,Raleway,Raleway Dots,Ramabhadra,Ramaraja,Rambla,Rammetto One,Ranchers,Rancho,Ranga,Rationale,Ravi Prakash,Redressed,Reenie Beanie,Revalia,Ribeye,Ribeye Marrow,Righteous,Risque,Roboto,Roboto Condensed,Roboto Slab,Rochester,Rock Salt,Rokkitt,Romanesco,Ropa Sans,Rosario,Rosarivo,Rouge Script,Rozha One,Rubik Mono One,Rubik One,Ruda,Rufina,Ruge Boogie,Ruluko,Rum Raisin,Ruslan Display,Russo One,Ruthie,Rye,Sacramento,Sail,Salsa,Sanchez,Sancreek,Sansita One,Sarina,Sarpanch,Satisfy,Scada,Scheherazade,Schoolbell,Seaweed Script,Sevillana,Seymour One,Shadows Into Light,Shadows Into Light Two,Shanti,Share,Share Tech,Share Tech Mono,Shojumaru,Short Stack,Siemreap,Sigmar One,Signika,Signika Negative,Simonetta,Sintony,Sirin Stencil,Six Caps,Skranji,Slabo 13px,Slabo 27px,Slackey,Smokum,Smythe,Sniglet,Snippet,Snowburst One,Sofadi One,Sofia,Sonsie One,Sorts Mill Goudy,Source Code Pro,Source Sans Pro,Source Serif Pro,Special Elite,Spicy Rice,Spinnaker,Spirax,Squada One,Sree Krushnadevaraya,Stalemate,Stalinist One,Stardos Stencil,Stint Ultra Condensed,Stint Ultra Expanded,Stoke,Strait,Sue Ellen Francisco,Sunshiney,Supermercado One,Suranna,Suravaram,Suwannaphum,Swanky and Moo Moo,Syncopate,Tangerine,Taprom,Tauri,Teko,Telex,Tenali Ramakrishna,Tenor Sans,Text Me One,The Girl Next Door,Tienne,Timmana,Tinos,Titan One,Titillium Web,Trade Winds,Trocchi,Trochut,Trykker,Tulpen One,Ubuntu,Ubuntu Condensed,Ubuntu Mono,Ultra,Uncial Antiqua,Underdog,Unica One,UnifrakturCook,UnifrakturMaguntia,Unkempt,Unlock,Unna,Vampiro One,Varela,Varela Round,Vast Shadow,Vesper Libre,Vibur,Vidaloka,Viga,Voces,Volkhov,Vollkorn,Voltaire,VT323,Waiting for the Sunrise,Wallpoet,Walter Turncoat,Warnes,Wellfleet,Wendy One,Wire One,Yanone Kaffeesatz,Yellowtail,Yeseva One,Yesteryear,Zeyada]

//Only if you use the "|" character: "Align towards middle" will align the two columns right and left, so towards each other. "Align towards edge" will align the two columns left and right, so towards the outside.
align_columns="towards middle";//[towards middle,towards edge]

//This is needed **only** if you choose align="towards edge" above: Set the width of the label
width_label=150;

//You can set the distance between the individual text lines
verticaldistance=5;

//Border in mm to add on top and bottom
border_topdown=7;

//Border to add on left and right side
border_side=7;

//Height of the text letters in mm
textheight=2;

//Thickness of the chamfered base in mm
base_height=2;

//Distance between two columns, in case you use text like "bla|blubb" its the distance between the words bla and blubb.
column_distance=6;

/* [Hidden] */
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//Outer rim thickness (set to 0 if no rim is needed)
//outer_line=0;

textstrings=[str(text1),str(text2),str(text3),str(text4),str(text5),str(text6),str(text7),str(text8),str(text9),str(text10),str(text11),str(text12),str(text13),str(text14),str(text15),str(text16),str(text17),str(text18),str(text19),str(text20)];
function text_entered(x) = (x!="");
number_textstrings = max([ for (i=[0:len(textstrings)-1]) if (text_entered(textstrings[i])) i ])+1;

textsizes = [ for (i = [0 : len(font_sizes)-1]) font_sizes[i]/(textstrings[i]=="---"?10:1) ];

function join(strings, delimeter="") =
	strings == undef?
		undef
	: strings == []?
		""
	: _join(strings, len(strings)-1, delimeter, 0);

function _join(strings, index, delimeter) =
	index==0 ?
		strings[index]
: str(_join(strings, index-1, delimeter), delimeter, strings[index]) ;

//note: start is inclusive, end is exclusive
function between(string, start, end) =
	string == undef?
		undef
	: start == undef?
		undef
	: start > len(string)?
		undef
	: start < 0?
		before(string, end)
	: end == undef?
		undef
	: end < 0?
		undef
	: end > len(string)?
		after(string, start-1)
	: start > end?
		undef
	: start == end ?
		""
	:
        join([for (i=[start:end-1]) string[i]])
;

function cat(L1, L2) = [for (i=[0:len(L1)+len(L2)-1])
                        i < len(L1)? L1[i] : L2[i-len(L1)]] ;

/*
Multiline Label
Version D, April 2019
Written by MC Geisler (mcgenki at gmail dot com)

This is a multiline label! Enjoy! Its auto-sizing :)

Have fun!

License: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

You are free to:
    Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
    Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material
    for any purpose, even commercially.
*/

function add(v, i = 0, r = 0, max) = i < max ? add(v, i + 1, r + v[i], max) : r;

valignval="top";

//cube ([width,5,5],center=true);
module letters(textstr,textsize)
{
    if (textstr!="---")
    {
        FindVertical=search("|",textstr,0);
        FindVerticalPos=(FindVertical[0])[0];

        if(len(FindVertical[0])>0)
        {
            //two columns, separated by vertical line
            NameStr1=between(textstr,0, FindVerticalPos );
            NameStr2=between(textstr,  (FindVerticalPos+1 ) , len(textstr) );

            if (align_columns=="towards middle")
            {
                text(text=NameStr1, size=textsize, font=fontname, valign="top", halign="right");

                translate([column_distance,0,0])
                    text(text=NameStr2, size=textsize, font=fontname, valign=valignval, halign="left");
            }
            else
            {
                shift_text=(width_label-border_side)/2;
                translate([-shift_text,0,0])
                    text(text=NameStr1, size=textsize, font=fontname, valign="top", halign="left");

                translate([shift_text,0,0])
                    text(text=NameStr2, size=textsize, font=fontname, valign=valignval, halign="right");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            text(text=textstr, size=textsize, font=fontname, valign=valignval, halign="center");
        }
    }
}

verticalshift = [ for (ii = [number_textstrings-1 : -1 : 0]) add(textsizes,max=number_textstrings-ii)  ];

module alltext()
{
        for (i =[0:number_textstrings-1])
        {
        //    translate([0,-i*textsizes[0],0])
            //echo("I=",i);
            translate([0,(i==0?0:-i*verticaldistance-verticalshift[i-1]),0])
            {
                //echo("hoehe",-i*verticaldistance-verticalshift[i]);
                letters(textstrings[i],textsizes[i]);
            }
        }
}

module extrude_object(base_height)
{
    linear_extrude(height=base_height/2,convexity = 10)
            alltext();
}

line_thickness=1.5;

module line_hull_of_object(line_thickness)
{
    minkowski()
    {
        translate([0,border_topdown,0])rotate ([90,0,0])
                linear_extrude(height = line_thickness,convexity = 2)
                     hull()
                        projection(cut = false)
                            rotate([-90,0,0])
                                extrude_object((textheight+base_height)*2);
    }
}

module alllines()
{
        for (i =[0:number_textstrings-1])
        {
        //    translate([0,-i*textsizes[0],0])
            //echo("I=",i);
            translate([0,(i==0?0:-i*verticaldistance-verticalshift[i-1])-border_topdown,0])
            {
                //echo("hoehe",-i*verticaldistance-verticalshift[i]);
                if (textstrings[i]=="---")
                {
                    echo("LINE!",-i*verticaldistance,-verticalshift[i-1],textsizes[i]);
                    color("white")
                        translate([0,-3*textsizes[i]/5,0])
                            line_hull_of_object(textsizes[i]);
                    //letters(textstrings[i],textsizes[i]);
                }
                else
                {
                    //color("blue") line_hull_of_object(textsizes[i]);
                }
            }
        }
}

alllines();

module square_hull_of_object(base_height)
{
    minkowski()
    {
        translate([-border_side,0,0])
            rotate ([0,90,0])
                linear_extrude(height = 2*border_side,convexity = 2)
                     hull()
                        projection(cut = false)
                            rotate([0,-90,0])
                                extrude_object(base_height);

        translate([0,border_topdown,0])rotate ([90,0,0])
                linear_extrude(height = 2*border_topdown,convexity = 2)
                     hull()
                        projection(cut = false)
                            rotate([-90,0,0])
                                extrude_object(base_height);
    }
}

color("red")
minkowski()
{
    square_hull_of_object(base_height*.2);
    cylinder(r1=base_height,r2=0,h=base_height,$fn=4);
}

//color ("yellow")
//difference()
//{
//    linear_extrude(height = textheight+base_height,convexity = 2)
//        offset(r=outer_line, $fn=16)
//            projection()
//                square_hull_of_object();
//    square_hull_of_object(textheight+base_height+1);
//}

color("white")
    linear_extrude(height = textheight+base_height,convexity = 10)
        alltext();

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a venturi tube for measuring fluid flow, and I'd like to be able to customize it easily. I've seen some designs that use a linear taper, but I was thinking a sinusoidal profile might be better for reducing turbulence. I'd like to generate this in OpenSCAD, and I'm not super familiar with all the coding so I could use some help with it.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

*   **Core Shape:** The venturi should be a revolved shape (like a vase) based on a 2D profile. This 2D profile should be a sine wave transitioning from a larger diameter to a smaller diameter and back to the original larger diameter. Imagine a "pinched" sine wave.
*   **Parameters:** I need to be able to control these aspects:
    *   `od`: Outside Diameter (diameter of the large, unrestricted ends).
    *   `ratio`: Area Ratio (the ratio between the area of the big end and the area of the small throat). This effectively controls the diameter of the throat.
    *   `length`: Overall Length of the venturi tube.
    *    `crop`: a length to trim the end of the tube with to make them flat.
    *   `tap_d`: Diameter of a small tap hole at the narrowest point of the venturi. This will be for pressure measurement.
     * `pin_tol`: Tolerance for mating pins, used when printing the venturi tube in multiple pieces.
    *   `smoothness` (or something like `$fa`) to control how smooth the sine wave profile is.
*   **Split Design:** I would like the option to generate the whole tube in one piece *or* split it into two halves (top and bottom) for easier printing. The two halves should have alignment pins so I can easily mate them together when printed, and they should be centered.

I'd like the design to be parametric so I can quickly generate different sizes and shapes based on my application.

I know OpenSCAD has the `rotate_extrude` function that seems appropriate for this kind of thing. I'm not sure about the best way to define a sine wave curve though. I also think I need a `difference()` operation to cut the ends flat and generate the tap hole. It should be compatible with the OpenSCAD Customizer. I'm not planning on using any external libraries.

Could you help me generate these OpenSCAD files?

[Assistant]
sinusoidal-venturi.scad:
```
// Experimental <<SIN*U*SOID*AL>> Venturi for Flow Measurement
// Seems like a sine wave should be good...
// Copyright <senorjp@gmail.com> April 2019
//
// Whole part or split for printing
split = 1; // [1:Split,0:Whole]
// Outside (unrestricted) Diameter
od=100; // [10:300]
// Area ratio (higher number smaller throat)
ratio=3; // [1:20]
// Overall length
length=250; // [20:400]
// Trim fragile ends
crop=2; // [0:10]
// Diameter of tap hole in throat
tap_d=10; // [0:50]
// Tolerance for mating pins
pin_tol=1; // [0:2]
// Smoothness
$fa=2; // [.1:5]

/* [Hidden] */
initial_length=length+crop*2;
pi=3.14159;
step=10; // smoothness of sine wave
big_a=pi*pow(od/2,2);
small_a=big_a/ratio;
id=2*sqrt(small_a/pi);
height=(od-id)/4; // we are looking at the sine wave from top to bottom
//height=-100;

module venturi() {

difference() {
    rotate_extrude( convexity=10)
    translate([height+id/2,-initial_length/2])
    // sine wave is created as a polygon
	polygon(
        [
/*
		 // CODE FOR OPENSCAD-NIGHTLY
        for (a = [0 : step : 180])
        [ height*sin(a+90) , a * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
        for (a = [180 : step : 360])
        [ height*sin(a+90) , a * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2]
*/
//////// CODE FOR CUSTOMIZER ///////////////////////////
// Not sure why, but customizer and openscad 2014.03 give
// syntax error on the for loops, above.
// As a work-around, the for loop is evaluated and
// included, below.  This is the bash script to do that:
/*
step=10
a=0
while [ $a -le 180 ]; do
  echo "[ height*sin($a+90) , $a * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],"
  a=$(( $a+$step ))
done
while [ $a -le 360 ]; do
  echo "[ height*sin($a+90) , $a * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],"
  a=$(( $a+$step ))
done
*/
[ height*sin(0+90) , 0 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(10+90) , 10 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(20+90) , 20 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(30+90) , 30 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(40+90) , 40 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(50+90) , 50 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(60+90) , 60 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(70+90) , 70 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(80+90) , 80 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(90+90) , 90 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(100+90) , 100 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(110+90) , 110 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(120+90) , 120 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(130+90) , 130 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(140+90) , 140 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(150+90) , 150 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(160+90) , 160 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(170+90) , 170 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(180+90) , 180 * (initial_length/360)-tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(190+90) , 190 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(200+90) , 200 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(210+90) , 210 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(220+90) , 220 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(230+90) , 230 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(240+90) , 240 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(250+90) , 250 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(260+90) , 260 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(270+90) , 270 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(280+90) , 280 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(290+90) , 290 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(300+90) , 300 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(310+90) , 310 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(320+90) , 320 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(330+90) , 330 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(340+90) , 340 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(350+90) , 350 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2],
[ height*sin(360+90) , 360 * (initial_length/360)+tap_d/2]
        ]
    );
    // Crop thin ends
    translate([0,0,length/2+od/2])
    cube([od*2,od*2,od], center=true);
    translate([0,0,-length/2-od/2])
    cube([od*2,od*2,od], center=true);

    // Tap
    translate([0,-od/2])
    rotate(90,[1,0,0])
    cylinder(r=tap_d, h=od, center=true);
}

}

module venturi_top() {
difference() {
    venturi();
    translate([0,length,0])
    cube([length*2,length*2,length*2], center=true);
}
translate([od/2-height,0,length/6])
rotate(90,[1,0,0])
cylinder(r=height/4, h=height/4, center=true);
translate([-od/2+height,0,length/6])
rotate(90,[1,0,0])
cylinder(r=height/4, h=height/4, center=true);
translate([od/2-height,0,-length/6])
rotate(90,[1,0,0])
cylinder(r=height/4, h=height/4, center=true);
translate([-od/2+height,0,-length/6])
rotate(90,[1,0,0])
cylinder(r=height/4, h=height/4, center=true);
}

module venturi_bottom() {
difference() {
    venturi();
    translate([0,-length,0])
    cube([length*2,length*2,length*2], center=true);

translate([od/2-height,0,length/6])
rotate(90,[1,0,0])
cylinder(r=height/4+pin_tol/2, h=height/4+pin_tol, center=true);
translate([-od/2+height,0,length/6])
rotate(90,[1,0,0])
cylinder(r=height/4+pin_tol/2, h=height/4+pin_tol, center=true);
translate([od/2-height,0,-length/6])
rotate(90,[1,0,0])
cylinder(r=height/4+pin_tol/2, h=height/4+pin_tol, center=true);
translate([-od/2+height,0,-length/6])
rotate(90,[1,0,0])
cylinder(r=height/4+pin_tol/2, h=height/4+pin_tol, center=true);
}
}

module venturi_pair_print() {
    translate([od/2+3,0,od/2])
    rotate(90,[1,0,0])
    venturi_top();

    translate([-od/2-3,0,od/2])
    rotate(-90,[1,0,0])
    venturi_bottom();
}
//venturi_top();
//venturi_bottom();
if (split == 1) {
    venturi_pair_print();
}
else {
    venturi();
}

```


[User]
I need a tool for twisting wires, similar to the one described in the provided SCAD file, but I'd like to make it more customizable and robust.

The basic idea is that there's a circular or hexagonal axle, a base plate with holes around it, and a handle at the end of the axle.

Here are the specific features I'd like and parameters for each:

**Axle:**

*   **Shape:** Either round or hexagonal, selectable by a parameter.
*   **Radius (axle_rad):** Adjustable from 2 to 8, with a default of 4.
*   **Length (axle_len):** Adjustable from 20 to 80, with a default of 40.
*   **Handle Length (handle_len):** An additional length past the axle which will be used as a grip and not interfere with the wire. This should be set independently of the axle length, with values between 10 and 30 and a default of 20. The handle should be an easy to hold circle (or another shape if preferred later). The handle should be centered on the axis of the axle.
*   **Handle Radius (handle_rad):** This radius should be separate from the axle radius. I would prefer if the handle radius is defaulted to 1.5 times the axle radius, and adjustable between 0.75x to 3x the axle radius.

**Base Plate:**

*   **Thickness (plate_thi):** Adjustable from 2 to 6, default is 3.
*   **Axle Space (axle_space):** The distance between the axle and the center of the plate holes; adjustable from 4 to 14 with a default of 8.
*   **Plate Hole Diameter (plate_hole_dia):** Adjustable from 1.5 to 5, default is 3.
*   **Number of Plate Holes (num_hole):** Adjustable from 2 to 12, default is 6.
*   **Edge Space (edge_space):** Distance between the edge of the plate and the plate holes; adjustable from 2 to 8, default is 4.
*   **Plate Shape:**  I would prefer a circular plate with these parameters.

**Other:**

*   **$fn:** Should be a modifiable variable, defaulting to 90, that can be set between 60 and 120 to control the number of facets for curves.
*   **Unit:** I'd prefer everything to use millimeters.

I need the tool to be parametric, so that I can change any of these values easily and re-render the tool as needed. All the parameters should be easily found and editable at the beginning of the SCAD file.

Please generate the necessary OpenSCAD file(s) from scratch and don't assume any existing code besides the built-in OpenSCAD functionality.

[Assistant]
TwistWireTool.scad:
```
////TwistWireTool.scad
////OpenSCAD 2015.03-2
////Kijja Chaovanakij
////2019.04.3

/*[var]*/
//number of fragments[60=low,90=medium,120=high]
$fn=60; //[60,90,120]

/*[axle]*/
//axle radius [3]
axle_rad=3; //[3:0.5:6]
//axle length [24]
axle_len=24; //[20:4:60]
//axle type [0=round,1=hexagon]
axle_type=1; //[0,1]

/*[plate]*/
//plate thickness [3.2]
plate_thi=3.2; //[3:0.2:6]
//space between axle and plate hole [8]
axle_space=8; //[6:1:12]
//plate hole diameter [3]
plate_hole_dia=3; //[2:1:6]
//number of plate hole [6]
num_hole=6; //[2:1:9]
//space between plate edge and plate hole [4]
edge_space=4; //[3:1:9]

////translate var
//hexagon radius
hex_rad=axle_rad/cos(30);
echo("<b>hex_rad=</b>",hex_rad);
//plate radius
plate_rad=axle_rad+axle_space+plate_hole_dia+edge_space;
echo("<b>plate_rad=</b>",plate_rad);
//plate hole location radius
plate_hole_locat=axle_rad+axle_space+plate_hole_dia/2;
//plate hole angle
plate_hole_ang=360/num_hole;

////main
translate([0,0,plate_thi/2])
  rotate_extrude(convexity=10)
    translate([plate_rad-plate_thi/2,0,0])
      circle(r=plate_thi/2);

difference(){
  linear_extrude(height=plate_thi,convexity=10)
    circle(r=plate_rad-plate_thi/2);
  for(i=[1:num_hole])
////my testing
//translate([plate_hole_locat*cos(i*plate_hole_ang),plate_hole_locat*sin(i*plate_hole_ang),+0.2])
////actual command
translate([plate_hole_locat*cos(i*plate_hole_ang),plate_hole_locat*sin(i*plate_hole_ang),-0.05])
    linear_extrude(height=plate_thi+0.1,convexity=10)
      circle(r=plate_hole_dia/2);
}//d

color("DarkSeaGreen")
translate([0,0,plate_thi])
  if(axle_type==0)
    cylinder(axle_space-2,axle_rad+axle_space-2,axle_rad);
  else
    cylinder(axle_space-2,axle_rad+axle_space-2,hex_rad);

difference(){
  translate([0,0,plate_thi+axle_space-2])
    linear_extrude(height=axle_len,convexity=10)
      if(axle_type==0)
        circle(r=axle_rad);
      else{
        $fn=6;
        circle(r=hex_rad);
      }//e
  translate([0,0,plate_thi+axle_space-2+axle_len-axle_rad*1.5])
      rotate([90,0,0])
        linear_extrude(height=axle_rad*2+0.1,convexity=10,center=true)
          circle(r=axle_rad/3);
}//d
```