[User]
Okay, here's what I'm looking for:

I want to create a parametric, posable figure using OpenSCAD. I've got a basic design in mind, and I'd like an OpenSCAD file that lets me adjust a bunch of parameters to control the figure's size and pose. I'll probably want to export the final design as an STL for printing.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I'd like to control:

**Torso:**
*   `torso_height`: The height of the main torso block (e.g. 7).
*   `torso_width`: The width of the torso block (e.g. 4).
*   `torso_thickness`: The thickness of the torso block (e.g. 2.5).

**Arms:**
*   `arm_length`:  Total length of the arm (e.g. 10).
*   `arm_r`: Radius of the arm cylinders, automatically derived from `torso_thickness` but exposed for adjustment if needed (e.g. `(torso_thickness/2) *0.8`).
*    `arm_upper_to_lower_ratio`: Ratio of upper arm length to total arm length (e.g. 0.5).
*   `arm_forarm_to_wrist_ratio`: Ratio of the forarm radius to wrist radius (e.g 1.5).
*   `hand_thickness`: Thickness of the hand (e.g. 0.3).
*   `hand_width`: Width of the hand (e.g. 1).
*   `hand_lenth_width_ratio`: Ratio of hand length to hand width (e.g. 2).
*   `left_arm_angle_out`: Angle of the left arm outward from the body, in degrees (e.g. 30).
*   `left_arm_angle_front`: Angle of the left arm forward from the body, in degrees (e.g. 60).
*   `left_arm_elbow_bend`: Bend angle of the left elbow, in degrees (e.g. 70).
*   `right_arm_angle_out`: Angle of the right arm outward from the body, in degrees (e.g. 50).
*   `right_arm_angle_front`: Angle of the right arm forward from the body, in degrees (e.g. 40).
*   `right_arm_elbow_bend`: Bend angle of the right elbow, in degrees (e.g. 70).
* `shoulders_h`: Height of the shoulders extending out from the torso, this should be a percentage of torso height (e.g 2 * `arm_r`).
* `shoulders_w`:  Width of the shoulders extending out from the torso, should be a percentage of torso width (e.g 2 * `arm_r`).

**Head:**
*   `head_side_tilt_angle`: Angle of the head tilt to the side (e.g. 20).
*   `head_angle_forward`: Angle of the head forward/backward (e.g. 40).
*   `head_radius`: Radius of the head sphere (e.g. 2).
*   `neck_length`: Length of the neck cylinder (e.g. 1).
*   `neck_radius`: Radius of the neck cylinder (e.g. 0.8).

**Legs:**
*   `leg_length`: Total length of the leg (e.g. 13).
*   `leg_u_r`: Radius of the upper leg cylinder (e.g. `torso_thickness/2`).
*  `knee_r`: Radius of the knee joint, should be a percentage of torso thickness (e.g. `torso_thickness/2 * 0.80`).
* `ankle_r`: Radius of the ankle joint, should be a percentage of knee radius (e.g. `knee_r * 0.75`).
*   `leg_upper_to_lower_ratio`: Ratio of upper leg length to total leg length (e.g. 0.5).
*   `foot_length`:  Length of the foot (e.g. 3).
*   `legs_space_between`: Space between the legs at the hips, derived from torso width (e.g. `torso_width *.9`).
*   `right_leg_angle_out`: Angle of the right leg outward from the body, in degrees (e.g. 23).
*   `right_leg_angle_front`: Angle of the right leg forward from the body, in degrees (e.g. 30).
*   `right_leg_knee_bend`: Bend angle of the right knee, in degrees (e.g. 40).
*   `right_foot_angle`: Angle of the right foot, in degrees (e.g. 0).
*   `left_leg_angle_out`: Angle of the left leg outward from the body, in degrees (e.g. 3).
*   `left_leg_angle_front`: Angle of the left leg forward from the body, in degrees (e.g. 30).
*   `left_leg_knee_bend`: Bend angle of the left knee, in degrees (e.g. 60).
*   `left_foot_angle`: Angle of the left foot, in degrees (e.g. 6).

The figure should be constructed from basic shapes:
*  The torso is a rectangular prism.
*  The shoulders are cubes with a sphere at the end, attached to the torso.
*  Arms and legs are made from cylinders and spheres for the joints, ending in a simple hand or foot shape (rectangles).
*  The head is a sphere on a neck (cylinder and sphere).

I'd like to be able to adjust all of these parameters and see the changes in the preview.
Also, could you please ensure that the code uses modules for the different parts of the figure (torso, head, arms, legs)?
Make sure the calculations of the x, y, and z positions for the joints are correct to properly position the parts.

I don't expect any pre-made libraries to be included, so all the math and shapes should be constructed within the file you generate.

Thank you!

[Assistant]
draw_figure_v1.scad:
```
//Torso

torso_height = 7;          //[5,6,7,8,9,10]
torso_width = 4;           //[2,3,4,5,6]
torso_thickness = 2.5;     //[1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5]

arm_length=10;             //[1:30]

arm_r=(torso_thickness/2) *0.8; //Arm Radius
arm_upper_to_lower_ratio = 0.5;   //[0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9]

//ARMS

arm_forarm_to_wrist_ratio = 1.5; //[0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5]
hand_thickness = 0.3;             //[0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5]
hand_width = 1;                  //[0.5,1,1.5]
hand_lenth_width_ratio = 2;      //[1,1.5,2,2.5,3]

left_arm_angle_out =   30;  //[0:90]
left_arm_angle_front = 60;  //[0:180]
left_arm_elbow_bend = 70;   //[0:140]

right_arm_angle_out = 50;   //[0:90]
right_arm_angle_front = 40; //[0:180]
right_arm_elbow_bend = 70;  //[0:140]

shoulders_h = 2*arm_r; //percentage of torso Height
shoulders_w =2*arm_r; //percentage wider than width of body

//HEAD

head_side_tilt_angle = 20;  //[-30:30]
head_angle_forward = 40;    //[-20:30]
head_radius = 2;            //[1,1.5,2,2.5,3]
neck_length = 1;            //[0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4]
neck_radius = 0.8;   	    //[0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5]

//LEGS

leg_length = 13;            //[1:30]
leg_u_r=torso_thickness/2;          //Upper leg radius
knee_r = torso_thickness/2 * 0.80;   //knee radius
ankle_r = knee_r * 0.75;             //Ankle radius
leg_upper_to_lower_ratio = 0.5;     //[0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9]

foot_length  =  3;                 //[1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5,5.5,6]

legs_space_between = torso_width *.9;

right_leg_angle_out = 23;    //[0:30]
right_leg_angle_front = 30;  //[0:90]
right_leg_knee_bend = 40;    //[0:140]
right_foot_angle = 0;       //[-16:16]

left_leg_angle_out = 3;      //[0:30]
left_leg_angle_front = 30;   //[0:90]
left_leg_knee_bend = 60;     //[0:140]
left_foot_angle = 6;         //[-16:16]

rotate ([0,180,130]) {
	draw_torso();
	draw_head();
	draw_arms();
	draw_legs();
}
module draw_torso() {

	//draw body block
	cube([torso_width,torso_thickness,torso_height]);

	//draw shoulders
	//idea shoulders should stick out half their current width as a cube and then a sphere where
	//r=1/width should origin on center of end to give shoulders roundness.
	translate([-(shoulders_w),0,0])
	cube([torso_width+(shoulders_w*2),torso_thickness,shoulders_h]);
}

module draw_legs() {
	//Hips
	translate([torso_width-legs_space_between,leg_u_r,torso_height])
	color("red")
	sphere(leg_u_r);

	translate([legs_space_between,leg_u_r,torso_height])
	color("red")
	sphere(leg_u_r);

	//Right Leg
	//Upper
	translate([torso_width-legs_space_between,leg_u_r,torso_height])
	rotate([right_leg_angle_front,-right_leg_angle_out,0])
	cylinder(leg_length*leg_upper_to_lower_ratio,leg_u_r,knee_r);

	//knee
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the knee
	r_y_off_out = sin(right_leg_angle_front)*leg_length*leg_upper_to_lower_ratio;
	r_z_off_out = cos(right_leg_angle_front)*leg_length*leg_upper_to_lower_ratio;
	r_x_for = sin((180 - right_leg_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_leg_angle_out/2)*r_z_off_out*2;
	r_z_for = cos((180 - right_leg_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_leg_angle_out/2)*r_z_off_out*2;

	r_kn_x = torso_width-legs_space_between-r_x_for;
	r_kn_y = leg_u_r-r_y_off_out;
	r_kn_z = torso_height + r_z_off_out - r_z_for;

	translate([r_kn_x,r_kn_y,r_kn_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(torso_thickness/2);

	//Lower Leg
	translate([r_kn_x,r_kn_y,r_kn_z])
	rotate([right_leg_angle_front,-right_leg_angle_out,0]) //Match angle of upper leg
	rotate([-right_leg_knee_bend,0,0])
	cylinder(leg_length*(1-leg_upper_to_lower_ratio),knee_r,ankle_r);

	//Ankle
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the ankle.
	ra_y_off_out = sin(right_leg_angle_front-right_leg_knee_bend)*leg_length*(1-leg_upper_to_lower_ratio);
	ra_z_off_out = cos(right_leg_angle_front-right_leg_knee_bend)*leg_length*(1-leg_upper_to_lower_ratio);
	ra_x_for = sin((180 - right_leg_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_leg_angle_out/2)*ra_z_off_out*2;
	ra_z_for = cos((180 - right_leg_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_leg_angle_out/2)*ra_z_off_out*2;

	r_an_x = r_kn_x - ra_x_for;
	r_an_y = r_kn_y - ra_y_off_out;
	r_an_z = r_kn_z + ra_z_off_out - ra_z_for;

	translate([r_an_x,r_an_y,r_an_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(ankle_r);

	//Foot
	translate([r_an_x-ankle_r,r_an_y-foot_length+ankle_r,r_an_z])
	rotate([-right_foot_angle,0,0])
	cube([ankle_r*2,foot_length,ankle_r*1.75]);

	//Left Leg

	//Upper
	translate([legs_space_between,leg_u_r,torso_height])
	rotate([left_leg_angle_front,left_leg_angle_out,0])
	cylinder(leg_length*leg_upper_to_lower_ratio,leg_u_r,knee_r);

	//knee
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the knee
	l_y_off_out = sin(left_leg_angle_front)*leg_length*leg_upper_to_lower_ratio;
	l_z_off_out = cos(left_leg_angle_front)*leg_length*leg_upper_to_lower_ratio;
	l_x_for = sin((180 - left_leg_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_leg_angle_out/2)*l_z_off_out*2;
	l_z_for = cos((180 - left_leg_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_leg_angle_out/2)*l_z_off_out*2;

	l_kn_x = legs_space_between+l_x_for;
	l_kn_y = leg_u_r-l_y_off_out;
	l_kn_z = torso_height + l_z_off_out - l_z_for;

	translate([l_kn_x,l_kn_y,l_kn_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(torso_thickness/2);

	//Lower Leg
	translate([l_kn_x,l_kn_y,l_kn_z])
	rotate([left_leg_angle_front,-left_leg_angle_out,0]) //Match angle of upper leg
	rotate([-left_leg_knee_bend,0,0])
	cylinder(leg_length*(1-leg_upper_to_lower_ratio),knee_r,ankle_r);

	//Ankle
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the ankle.
	la_y_off_out = sin(left_leg_angle_front-left_leg_knee_bend)*leg_length*(1-leg_upper_to_lower_ratio);
	la_z_off_out = cos(left_leg_angle_front-left_leg_knee_bend)*leg_length*(1-leg_upper_to_lower_ratio);
	la_x_for = sin((180 - left_leg_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_leg_angle_out/2)*la_z_off_out*2;
	la_z_for = cos((180 - left_leg_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_leg_angle_out/2)*la_z_off_out*2;

	l_an_x = l_kn_x - la_x_for;
	l_an_y = l_kn_y - la_y_off_out;
	l_an_z = l_kn_z + la_z_off_out - la_z_for;

	translate([l_an_x,l_an_y,l_an_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(ankle_r);

	//Foot
	translate([l_an_x-ankle_r,l_an_y-foot_length+ankle_r,l_an_z])
	rotate([-left_foot_angle,0,0])
	cube([ankle_r*2,foot_length,ankle_r*1.75]);

}

module draw_head() {
	//Neck
	translate([torso_width/2,torso_thickness/2,0])
	color("red")
	sphere(neck_radius);

	translate([torso_width/2,torso_thickness/2,0])
	rotate([180-head_angle_forward,head_side_tilt_angle,0])
	cylinder(neck_length,neck_radius,neck_r);

	//Head
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the for-arm.
	h_y_off_out = sin(head_angle_forward)*neck_length;
	h_z_off_out = cos(head_angle_forward)*neck_length;
	h_x_for = sin((180-head_side_tilt_angle)/2)* sin(head_side_tilt_angle/2)*h_z_off_out*2;
	h_z_for = cos((180-head_side_tilt_angle)/2)* sin(head_side_tilt_angle/2)*h_z_off_out*2;

	h_n_x = torso_width/2-h_x_for;
	h_n_y = -h_y_off_out+torso_thickness/2;
	h_n_z = -h_z_off_out+h_z_for;

	translate([h_n_x,h_n_y,h_n_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(neck_radius);

	translate([h_n_x,h_n_y,h_n_z-head_radius])
	sphere(head_radius, $fn=50);

}

module draw_arms() {

	//right arm

	//Upper Arm.
	//x,y,z
	translate([-arm_r,arm_r,arm_r])
	rotate([right_arm_angle_front,-right_arm_angle_out,0])
	cylinder(arm_length*arm_upper_to_lower_ratio,arm_r,arm_r);

	//elbow
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the for-arm.
	r_y_off_out = sin(right_arm_angle_front)*arm_length*arm_upper_to_lower_ratio;
	r_z_off_out = cos(right_arm_angle_front)*arm_length*arm_upper_to_lower_ratio;
	r_x_for = sin((180 - right_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_arm_angle_out/2)*r_z_off_out*2;
	r_z_for = cos((180 - right_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_arm_angle_out/2)*r_z_off_out*2;

	r_el_x = -arm_r-r_x_for;
	r_el_y = arm_r-r_y_off_out;
	r_el_z = arm_r+r_z_off_out-r_z_for;

	translate([r_el_x,r_el_y,r_el_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(torso_thickness/2);

	//Forarm
	translate([r_el_x,r_el_y,r_el_z])
	rotate([right_arm_angle_front,-right_arm_angle_out,0]) //Match angle of upper arm
	rotate([right_arm_elbow_bend,0,0])
	cylinder(arm_length*(1-arm_upper_to_lower_ratio),arm_r,arm_r/arm_forarm_to_wrist_ratio);

	//Wrist
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the for-arm.
	rw_y_off_out = sin(right_arm_angle_front+right_arm_elbow_bend)*arm_length*(1-arm_upper_to_lower_ratio);
	rw_z_off_out = cos(right_arm_angle_front+right_arm_elbow_bend)*arm_length*(1-arm_upper_to_lower_ratio);
	rw_x_for = sin((180 - right_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_arm_angle_out/2)*rw_z_off_out*2;
	rw_z_for = cos((180 - right_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_arm_angle_out/2)*rw_z_off_out*2;

	r_wr_x = r_el_x - rw_x_for;
	r_wr_y = r_el_y - rw_y_off_out;
	r_wr_z = r_el_z + rw_z_off_out - rw_z_for;

	translate([r_wr_x,r_wr_y,r_wr_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(arm_r/arm_forarm_to_wrist_ratio);

	//Hand
	//the shape used for hand rotates on center not edge so we need to calculate the center of hand so it always stays
	//attached to same part of wrist.
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the for-arm.
	rh_y_off_out = sin(right_arm_angle_front+right_arm_elbow_bend)*hand_lenth_width_ratio*hand_width/2;
	rh_z_off_out = cos(right_arm_angle_front+right_arm_elbow_bend)*hand_lenth_width_ratio*hand_width/2;
	rh_x_for = sin((180 - right_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_arm_angle_out/2)*rh_z_off_out*2;
	rh_z_for = cos((180 - right_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(right_arm_angle_out/2)*rh_z_off_out*2;

	r_ha_x = r_wr_x - rh_x_for;
	r_ha_y = r_wr_y - rh_y_off_out;
	r_ha_z = r_wr_z + rh_z_off_out - rh_z_for;

	translate([r_ha_x,r_ha_y,r_ha_z])
	rotate([right_arm_angle_front,-right_arm_angle_out,0]) //Match angle of upper arm
	rotate([right_arm_elbow_bend,0,0])  //apply elbow transfor to match angle of lower arm
	rotate([90,90,270])
	scale (v=[hand_lenth_width_ratio,1,1]) cylinder(h = hand_thickness, r=hand_width/2, $fn=12);

	//LEFT ARM

	//Upper Arm.
	//x,y,z
	translate([arm_r+torso_width,arm_r,arm_r])
	rotate([left_arm_angle_front,left_arm_angle_out,0])
	cylinder(arm_length*arm_upper_to_lower_ratio,arm_r,arm_r);

	//elbow
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the for-arm.
	l_y_off_out = sin(left_arm_angle_front)*arm_length*arm_upper_to_lower_ratio;
	l_z_off_out = cos(left_arm_angle_front)*arm_length*arm_upper_to_lower_ratio;
	l_x_for = sin((180 - left_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_arm_angle_out/2)*l_z_off_out*2;
	l_z_for = cos((180 - left_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_arm_angle_out/2)*l_z_off_out*2;

	l_el_x = arm_r+torso_width+l_x_for;
	l_el_y = arm_r-l_y_off_out;
	l_el_z = arm_r+l_z_off_out-l_z_for;

	translate([l_el_x,l_el_y,l_el_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(torso_thickness/2);

	//Forarm
	translate([l_el_x,l_el_y,l_el_z])
	rotate([left_arm_angle_front,left_arm_angle_out,0]) //Match angle of upper arm
	rotate([left_arm_elbow_bend,0,0])
	cylinder(arm_length*(1-arm_upper_to_lower_ratio),arm_r,arm_r/arm_forarm_to_wrist_ratio);

      //Wrist
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the for-arm.
	lw_y_off_out = sin(left_arm_angle_front+left_arm_elbow_bend)*arm_length*(1-arm_upper_to_lower_ratio);
	lw_z_off_out = cos(left_arm_angle_front+left_arm_elbow_bend)*arm_length*(1-arm_upper_to_lower_ratio);
	lw_x_for = sin((180 - left_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_arm_angle_out/2)*lw_z_off_out*2;
	lw_z_for = cos((180 - left_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_arm_angle_out/2)*lw_z_off_out*2;

	l_wr_x = l_el_x + lw_x_for;
	l_wr_y = l_el_y - lw_y_off_out;
	l_wr_z = l_el_z + lw_z_off_out - lw_z_for;

	translate([l_wr_x,l_wr_y,l_wr_z])
	color("red")
	sphere(arm_r/arm_forarm_to_wrist_ratio);

	//Hand
	//the shape used for hand rotates on center not edge so we need to calculate the center of hand so it always stays
	//attached to same part of wrist.
	//Calculate the x,y,z of the end of the for-arm.
	lh_y_off_out = sin(left_arm_angle_front+left_arm_elbow_bend)*hand_lenth_width_ratio*hand_width/2;
	lh_z_off_out = cos(left_arm_angle_front+left_arm_elbow_bend)*hand_lenth_width_ratio*hand_width/2;
	lh_x_for = sin((180 - left_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_arm_angle_out/2)*lh_z_off_out*2;
	lh_z_for = cos((180 - left_arm_angle_out)/2)* sin(left_arm_angle_out/2)*lh_z_off_out*2;

	l_ha_x = l_wr_x + lh_x_for;
	l_ha_y = l_wr_y - lh_y_off_out;
	l_ha_z = l_wr_z + lh_z_off_out - lh_z_for;

	translate([l_ha_x,l_ha_y,l_ha_z])
	rotate([left_arm_angle_front,left_arm_angle_out,0]) //Match angle of upper arm
	rotate([left_arm_elbow_bend,0,0])  //apply elbow transfor to match angle of lower arm
	rotate([90,90,90])
	scale (v=[hand_lenth_width_ratio,1,1]) cylinder(h = hand_thickness, r=hand_width/2, $fn=12);
}
// preview[view:east]

```


[User]
Okay, I need help creating a parametric OpenSCAD file for a coil form.  I want it to be fairly customizable.

Here’s what I’m looking for:

**Core Structure:**

*   **Cylinder:** The main body of the coil form should be a cylinder. I need to be able to control the outer diameter and height of this cylinder.
*   **Wall Thickness:** I need to specify the thickness of the cylinder wall.
*   **Wire Grooves:**  I want the option to include grooves for the wire to sit in. I need to be able to specify:
    *   Whether to include the grooves at all (on/off toggle).
    *   The number of turns for the coil.
    *   The depth of the groove.
    *   The direction of the grooves (clockwise or counter-clockwise).
*   **Base:** The form should have a base.  I need to control:
    *   The overall width of the base.
    *   The thickness of the base.
*   **Mounting Holes:** The base should include mounting holes. I need to be able to control:
    *   The number of holes.
    *   The radius of each hole.
    *  A way to fine tune the radial distance of the holes from the center of the cylinder.
*   **Wire Exit Hole:** I want to include a hole for the wire to exit the form. I need to be able to control:
    *   Whether to include the hole or not (on/off toggle).
    *   The diameter of the hole.
    *   The rotational position of the hole around the base.

**Shielding Guide:**

*   I’d like to include an optional guide for a shielding can around the coil.
*    I need to control:
    *   Whether to include the guide or not (on/off toggle).
    *   The inner diameter of the guide.
    *   The height of the guide.
    *   The thickness of the guide's walls.

**Libraries:**

I would like to use the "screw.scad" and "curves.scad" files in the MCAD library to create this parametric coil form. I'm assuming that any additional geometry will be relatively simple and can be done with basic OpenSCAD primitives (e.g. cylinders, difference, etc.)

Could you create the OpenSCAD code for this, please? I'm trying to make it as flexible as possible, so it needs to be fully parametric.

[Assistant]
coilForm.scad:
```
//Coil Form Generation Scrip
//By Bryan Gatenby, Feb,2013

use<./mcad/screw.scad>
use <./mcad/curves.scad>

//resolution?
resolution = 36;//[10:100]
$fn = resolution;
//Outer Width of the Form Cylinder
outer_diameter = 30;
//Height of the Form Cylinder?
heightOfForm =60;
//How Thick should the form walls be?
wall_thickness = 3;
//Wire Grooves?
wire_grooves = 1; //[0:No,1:Yes]
//How many turns in the coil?
turns = 15;
//How deep is the groove?
groove_depth = 1;
//Direction of grooves?
groove_direction = -1;//[-1:ccw,1:cw]

//How Wide is the base?
base_width = 50;
//How Thick is the base?
base_thickness = 2;
//How Many Holes?
hole_count = 10;
hole_radius = 2;
fine_tune_distance = 0;

//Shielding Guide?
 enable_shielding_guide=1;//[0:disabled,1:enabled]
//How wide is the inside of your shield?
shield_diameter = 34;
//How Tall is the Guide?
guide_height = 2;
//How Thick is the Guide?
guide_thickness = .4;

//Create Hole For Wire?
enable_wire_hole = 1;//[1:enabled,0:disabled]
wire_hole_diameter = 1;
wire_rotation = 15;

main();

module main(){
	difference(){
		union(){
			if(wire_grooves == 1){
				intersection(){
					create_form_cylinder();
					create_wire_guide();
					}

			}else{
				create_form_cylinder();
			}
				create_base();
			}
		if(enable_wire_hole == 1){
			create_wire_hole();
		}
		}
}

module create_base(){
	translate([0,0,-base_thickness]) difference(){

									cylinder(base_thickness,base_width/2,base_width/2);
									translate([0,0,-1])cylinder(base_thickness+2,(outer_diameter/2)-wall_thickness,(outer_diameter/2)-wall_thickness);
									create_base_holes();

									}
						if(enable_shielding_guide==1){
								create_guide();
						}

}
module create_form_cylinder(){

	difference(){
		cylinder(heightOfForm,outer_diameter/2,outer_diameter/2);
		translate([0,0,-.5])cylinder(heightOfForm+1,(outer_diameter/2)-wall_thickness,(outer_diameter/2)-wall_thickness);
	}

}

module create_wire_guide(){

	linear_extrude(height = heightOfForm, center = false, convexity =10, twist = turns*360*groove_direction)
	translate([groove_depth,0, 0])
	circle(r = (outer_diameter/2)-1);

}
module create_base_holes(){
			// creates base holes evenly spaced around base

			hole_spacing = 360/hole_count; //in degrees
			distance_from_center = (outer_diameter/2) +(abs((base_width/2)-(outer_diameter/2))/2)+fine_tune_distance;
			if(hole_count>0){  //check for no holes
				for(i = [1:1:hole_count]){
					translate([sin((hole_spacing*i))*distance_from_center,cos((hole_spacing*i))*distance_from_center,0]) create_base_hole();
			}
				}

}
module create_base_hole(){
	translate([0,0,-.5])cylinder(base_thickness+1,hole_radius,hole_radius);
}
module create_guide(){
	difference(){
			cylinder(guide_height,shield_diameter/2,shield_diameter/2);
			translate([0,0,-.5]) cylinder(guide_height+1,(shield_diameter/2)-guide_thickness,(shield_diameter/2)-guide_thickness);
	}
}
module create_wire_hole(){
		rotate(wire_rotation,[0,0,1]){
			translate([0,base_width/2,0])

				rotate(90,[1,0,0]){
					cylinder(base_width, wire_hole_diameter,wire_hole_diameter);

				}
		}
	}
```


[User]
Okay, so I have this OpenSCAD file I made for a customizable picture frame based on Lissajous curves, but I think it could be a lot better and more flexible. I'm really new to OpenSCAD, so I'm hoping you can help me improve it and make it truly parametric.

Here's a breakdown of what I've got and what I'd like:

**Current Design:**

*   **Lissajous Curves:** The main feature is a frame made of lattice panes, each containing a Lissajous curve (a mathematical knot). The curves are generated using parametric equations, using `sin()` functions for both x and y. I'm using polymaker's 2D Graphing Functions (included at the bottom of the file) to turn these curves into 2D shapes that I then extrude.
*   **Lattice Frame:** The Lissajous curves are framed within a lattice structure. There are 12 individual sections (4 across and 3 down) that have these curves within them.
*   **Picture Box:** In the middle, there's a picture box with a recessed area for holding a picture. It also has a small stand-off in the back and a cylinder cutout to be used as a nail-notch.
*   **Customization:** Right now, I have some basic customizable parameters for the lissajous curves themselves as well as the size and thickness of the lattice panes.
*   **Orientation:** The model is currently rotated and shifted so it lies flat on the build platform.

**Issues and Desired Improvements:**

1.  **More Parametric Control:** I want to make this more customizable in general.

    *   **Lattice Structure:** I'd like to be able to easily adjust the number of lattice sections in the x and y directions (currently fixed at 4x3). Also, I'd like to be able to adjust the gap and width of the lattice pieces independantly. Maybe even choose different shapes for the frame sections.
    *   **Lissajous Curves:** I need more explicit controls for scaling, offset and rotation of the Lissajous curves, not just relying on global scale. I also need some control over starting angle.
    *   **Picture Box:** I'd like to customize the picture box size, the depth of the recess, the stand-off height, and the nail notch radius/height.
    *   **Overall Frame Dimensions:** I want to be able to specify the overall outer frame dimensions (e.g., width, height, depth) and have the lattice and inner picture box auto-adjust accordingly.
    *   **Materials:** I would love some way to define or calculate the amount of material needed based on thickness.
    *   **Units:** I'd like to be able to specify units that will then be converted to mm.
    *   **Presets:** It would be nice to have a few presets for the lissajous curve combinations so I don't have to reconfigure that section.

2.  **Cleaner Code:** My code is kinda messy. I'd like you to help reorganize it to be more readable and understandable.
3.  **Improved Curve Generation:** Currently, I'm directly extruding the 2D curve created by the graph function. I'd like to explore some options, like creating a thicker, more rounded curve as part of the extrusion. This is not a high priority but would be neat.
4.  **Optional Easel Legs:** Eventually, I want to add optional parametric easel legs to make this a desktop frame. But let's focus on the primary frame first.

**Specifically, here's what I would like you to do:**

*   Take my current design as a base and create a new OpenSCAD file.
*   Make all the mentioned aspects fully parametric using named variables at the top of the file, including the parameters in the existing code. Please make sure the units are explicit for each parameter.
*   Use the `2dgraph` module that I already have as the basis for curve generation, but if you have improvements please suggest those as well. The `2dgraph` function (and the functions it uses) are included at the end of my file and are from polymaker.
*   Structure the code to be as clear and modular as possible.
*   Make it easy to adjust the lissajous parameters (frequencies, smoothing) as well as the lattice structure.
*   Implement presets for a few of the lissajous curve combinations.
*   Make it easy to adjust the size and shape of the picture box.

I don't think any external libraries are required for this except for my own polymaker `2dgraph()` functions that I've included in my file.

I think that's everything. Let me know if you have any questions. I'm really looking forward to seeing what you come up with!

[Assistant]
Customizable_Lissajous_Picture_Frame.scad:
```
/* Customizable Lissajous Picture Frame by REML, v1.0                   */
/* CreativeCommons: Attribution - Non-Commercial - ShareAlike           */
/* Lissajous Knot by REML, built with polymaker's 2D Graphing Functions */

/* For more information on Lissajous Curves:          */
/* http://gerdbreitenbach.de/lissajous/lissajous.html */
/* http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LissajousCurve.html   */

//preview[view:north, tilt:bottom]

/* Parametric Frame */

/* Parameters */

/* I kept the Customizer Parameters to just the Lissajous elements, but you can adjust the lattice frame and other items below. */

//Individual lattice pane size in mm:
lissajous_pane=1*26; //[26:55]
//Thickness of the lattice frame bars.
muntin=1*.85; //[.85:Thinnish, .8:Thick, .75:Thicker]
inner_box=lissajous_pane*muntin;
x_offset=inner_box+((lissajous_pane-inner_box)/2);
y_offset=x_offset;
bounds=lissajous_pane+(3*x_offset);
shift=-1*((bounds/2)-(lissajous_pane/2));
echo ("inner_box=", inner_box, "bounds=", bounds, "shift=", shift);
picture_box=1.85*lissajous_pane;

/* lissajous parametric equation */
pi = 1*3.14159;
//Frequency of the 1st curve:
first_wave=2; //[2:15]
//Frequency of the 2nd curve:
second_wave=3; //[2:15]
//steps for Lissajous Curve:
smoothing=250; //[100:300]
//of curves compared to lattice pane size:
lissajous_scale=100; //[100:200]
scale_curves=(lissajous_pane/26)*(lissajous_scale/10)+2;
echo ("scale_curves",scale_curves);
function x(t) = sin(first_wave*(t+pi));
function y(t) = sin(second_wave*t);

/* LISSAJOUS COMBOS

	4,6,300 combo failed
4,6,250 good
	3,6,250 ok but needs 90deg rotation
6,3,250 fixes rotation issue of 3,6
6,9,250 ok
	1,2 - DUH - looks just like 3,6
	3,2 - very springy, but needs the rotation
2,3 - works
	3,4 - needs rotation
4,3 - good
	5,4 - heavy, needs rotation
	4,5,250 - fails - good looking F5 but empty on F6
	4,5,200 - fails
	4,5,300 - fails (CGAL error in CGAL_Build_PolySet: CGAL ERROR: assertion violation!
	Expr: check_protocoll == 0
	File: /home/bpitcher/openscad_deps/mxe/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-pc-mingw32/include/CGAL/Polyhedron_incremental_builder_3.h
	Line: 199)
	8,9 - a mess
7,9,250 - ok, dense, coarse
	7,9,300 - not better
	7,9,150 - ugly
9,13,250 - ok, dense
9,15 (3,5) - funky pretzel
7,15 - ok - super dense chex
	13,15,250 - abstract hot mess
13,15,100 150scale - kid scribble (needs scaling or will not join to lattice)
	7,11 - hot mess

*/

/* surround frame array functions */

function trans_x(p)=lookup(p, [
	[1, 0],
	[2, x_offset],
	[3, 2*x_offset],
	[4, 3*x_offset],
	[5, 0],
	[6, 0],
	[7, 0],
	[8, x_offset],
	[9, 2*x_offset],
	[10, 3*x_offset],
	[11, 3*x_offset],
	[12, 3*x_offset]
	]);

function trans_y(p)=lookup(p, [
	[1, 0],
	[2, 0],
	[3, 0],
	[4, 0],
	[5, y_offset],
	[6, 2*y_offset],
	[7, 3*y_offset],
	[8, 3*y_offset],
	[9, 3*y_offset],
	[10, 3*y_offset],
	[11, y_offset],
	[12, 2*y_offset]
	]);

function rota(p)=lookup(p, [
	[1,45],
	[2,90],
	[3,90],
	[4,135],
	[5,0],
	[6,0],
	[7,-45],
	[8,-90],
	[9,-90],
	[10,-135],
	[11,180],
	[12,180]
	]);

/* shift entire model to center & flip to lay flat on build platform */

rotate ([180,0,180]) translate ([shift,shift,0])	{

/* join lissajous, lattice frame and picture box */
union ()	{

/* lattice surround */

for (L=[1:12])	{
	translate ([trans_x(L),trans_y(L),0])	{
	difference ()	{
		cube([lissajous_pane,lissajous_pane,3], center=true);
			cube([inner_box,inner_box,3.5], center=true);
		}
	}
}

/* lissajous surround */

for (L=[1:12])	{
echo (L,trans_x(L),trans_y(L),rota(L));
	translate ([trans_x(L),trans_y(L),0])	{
		rotate ([0,0,rota(L)])	{
			translate (0,0,-5)	{
				scale(v=[scale_curves, scale_curves, 10]) {
					linear_extrude(height=0.15)
						2dgraph([10, 1450], th=0.1, steps=smoothing, parametric=true);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

/* picture box */

color ([1,0,0])	{
	translate ([abs(shift),abs(shift),-5.05])	{
		difference ()	{
			cube([picture_box,picture_box,10], center=true); // outer box
				translate ([0,0,2])	cube([picture_box-2,picture_box-2,10], center=true); // main hollow
				translate ([0,-5,-5])	cube([picture_box*.8,picture_box*.9,8], center=true); // back wall cutout
				translate ([0,-x_offset,-4])	cylinder(h=10,r=(picture_box-2)/2,center=true, $fn=100); // bottom edge cutout
				translate ([0,x_offset-12,0])	cylinder(h=15,r=10,center=true, $fn=4); //nail notch
		}

/* corner muntins for picture box glass */

		translate ([0,0,5])	{
			difference ()	{
			rotate ([0,0,22.5])	cylinder (h=2.85, r=(picture_box/1.92)*(1.92-muntin), center=true, $fn=8);
			rotate ([0,0,22.5])	cylinder (h=3.1, r=(picture_box/1.92), center=true, $fn=8);
			}
		}
	}
}
} // top level union
} // top level rotate

/*****************************************************************************
* 2D Graphing Functions by polymaker: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:11243 *
******************************************************************************/

// These functions are here to help get the slope of each segment, and use that to find points for a correctly oriented polygon
function diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = cos(atan((y2-y1)/(x2-x1)) + 90)*(th/2);
function diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = sin(atan((y2-y1)/(x2-x1)) + 90)*(th/2);
function point1(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = [x1-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th), y1-diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)];
function point2(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = [x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th), y2-diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)];
function point3(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = [x2+diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th), y2+diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)];
function point4(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = [x1+diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th), y1+diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)];
function polarX(theta) = cos(theta)*r(theta);
function polarY(theta) = sin(theta)*r(theta);

module nextPolygon(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, th) {
	if((x2 > x1 && x2-diffx(x2, y2, x3, y3, th) < x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) || (x2 <= x1 && x2-diffx(x2, y2, x3, y3, th) > x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)))) {
		polygon(
			points = [
				point1(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point2(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				// This point connects this segment to the next
				point4(x2, y2, x3, y3, th),
				point3(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point4(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)
			],
			paths = [[0,1,2,3,4]]
		);
	}
	else if((x2 > x1 && x2-diffx(x2, y2, x3, y3, th) > x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) || (x2 <= x1 && x2-diffx(x2, y2, x3, y3, th) < x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)))) {
		polygon(
			points = [
				point1(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point2(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				// This point connects this segment to the next
				point1(x2, y2, x3, y3, th),
				point3(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point4(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)
			],
			paths = [[0,1,2,3,4]]
		);
	}
	else {
		polygon(
			points = [
				point1(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point2(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point3(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point4(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)
			],
			paths = [[0,1,2,3]]
		);
	}
}

module 2dgraph(bounds=[-10,10], th=2, steps=10, polar=false, parametric=false) {
	step = (bounds[1]-bounds[0])/steps;
	union() {
		for(i = [bounds[0]:step:bounds[1]-step]) {
			if(polar) {
				nextPolygon(polarX(i), polarY(i), polarX(i+step), polarY(i+step), polarX(i+2*step), polarY(i+2*step), th);
			}
			else if(parametric) {
				nextPolygon(x(i), y(i), x(i+step), y(i+step), x(i+2*step), y(i+2*step), th);
			}
			else {
				nextPolygon(i, f(i), i+step, f(i+step), i+2*step, f(i+2*step), th);
			}
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to generate a customizable PVC pipe connector, and I've got a specific design in mind. I want to be able to create a connector that joins multiple PVC pipes at various angles, kind of like a hub. I've previously created a version of this that I'm attaching for reference, but it's a little clunky, and I think an AI could probably make it better.

Specifically, I need the following features to be parametric:

1.  **PVC Pipe Diameter:**  The connector needs to be able to accommodate different PVC pipe sizes.  I'll want to specify the outer diameter of the PVC pipe as a parameter. I'll want to refer to PVC pipe schedule 40 dimensions, so that should be a starting point. Maybe some sort of lookup table for common PVC sizes like 1/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 3/4", 1", 1 1/4", 1 1/2", 2", 2 1/2",  or just a way to input in millimeters if I want to use other sizes.

2.  **Number of Connections:** I need to be able to specify the number of PVC pipe connections on the hub. This should be selectable between 2, 4, 5, or 6 connections.

3.  **Connector Length:** The length of each individual "arm" of the connector (the part that goes into the PVC pipe) needs to be configurable via a parameter.

4.  **Connection Angles:**  I need to be able to set the rotation angles for the different connections. The first connection should always be at 0 degrees and the second at a specified rotation angle around the z-axis. Then, for 4, 5, and 6-way connectors, the third and fourth connections will need separate rotation angles around the x and y-axes. Finally, for 5 and 6-way connectors, the fifth and sixth will have z-axis rotations. I need to be able to specify all of those angles (second, fifth, and sixth being rotations around the z-axis, and third and fourth having separate rotations around the x- and y-axes).

5.  **Warping Help:** I'd like to include an option for additional "flanges" at the base of the connector that help prevent warping during printing.  I'd like a boolean option to turn these on/off, and the width and thickness of these flanges should also be parameters.

6.  **Hollow Connectors:** I need an option to hollow out the arms of the connector to save on material, controlled by a boolean parameter.

7.  **Build Plate Display:** It would be helpful to see the dimensions of the build plate for reference while designing, so I'd like the option to display a representation of the build plate. I'd like to be able to specify the printer type (Replicator 2, Replicator, Thingomatic, or Manual) and for manual entry I should be able to control the x and y dimensions of the build plate.

8.  **Clearance:** The connector needs a small gap between the PVC pipe and the connector for glue, I need to be able to set that with a parameter.

9.  **Wall Thickness:** I need a parameter to control how thick the coupler part is, that makes contact with the pvc pipe.

I'd like the output to be a single OpenSCAD file. Please make sure it uses the `build_plate()` function from the `utils/build_plate.scad` library.

[Assistant]
MakerbotCoupler_v3.scad:
```
use <utils/build_plate.scad>

// preview[view:south]

//PVC Diameter Schedule 40 pipe
pvcDiameter = 20.93; //[6.33:1/8",8.74:1/4",12.02:3/8",15.8:1/2",20.93:3/4",26.64:1",35.05:1 1/4",40.89:1 1/2",52.5:2",62.71:2 1/2"]

//The Number of Couplers
couplerConst = 3; //[0:Two Couplers,1:Four Couplers,2:Five Couplers,3:Six Couplers]

//Length of the Coupler in mm's
couplerLength = 25.4; //[0:100]

//Second Coupler Rotation Angle
doubleRotate = 90; //[0:180]

//Third and Fourth Coupler x-axis Rotation Angle
xFourRotate = 180; //[90:270]

//Third and Fourth Coupler y-axis Rotation Angle
yFourRotate = 0; //[-90:90]

//Fith Coupler Rotation Angle
fiveRotate = 270;	//[180:360]

//Sixth Coupler Rotation Angle
sixRotate = 180; //[180:360]

//Build Warping Help?
isWarp = 0; //[1:My Build is Warping, 0:No Help Needed]

//Hollow Couplers?
isHollow = 0; //[0:Filled,1:Hollow]

//Display only, does not contribute to final object
buildPlateType = 1; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]

//When build plate type = manual this controls the build plate x-dimension
buildPlateX = 200; //[100:400]

//When build plate type = manual this controls the build plate y-dimension
buildPlateY = 200; //[100:400]

pvcWall = 4/1;  // thickness of the sphere
flangeWidth = 5/1;  // width of warping flange
flangeThick = 0.2/1;  // thickness of warping flange (inclusive.  It includes the build)
gapConstant = 1.25/1; // clearance between pvc and coupler

diameter = pvcDiameter - gapConstant;  // get the proper diameter for the couplers (small gap for glue)

couplerRadius = diameter/2;

module warping(){
	translate(v = [0,0,-flangeThick/2]){
		cylinder(r = (couplerRadius + pvcWall + flangeWidth), h = flangeThick, center=true);
	}

	translate(v = [0,-((couplerLength/2) + (flangeWidth/2)),-flangeThick/2]){
		cube(size = [(diameter + (flangeWidth*2)), (couplerLength + flangeWidth), flangeThick], center=true);
	}

	rotate(doubleRotate,[0,0,1]){
		translate(v = [0,-((couplerLength/2) + (flangeWidth/2)),-flangeThick/2]){
			cube(size = [(diameter + (flangeWidth*2)), (couplerLength + flangeWidth), flangeThick], center=true);
		}
	}
	if(couplerConst >= 2){
		rotate(fiveRotate,[0,0,1]){
			translate(v = [0,-((couplerLength/2) + (flangeWidth/2)),-flangeThick/2]){
				cube(size = [(diameter + (flangeWidth*2)), (couplerLength + flangeWidth), flangeThick], center=true);
			}
		}
	}
	if(couplerConst == 3){
		rotate(sixRotate,[0,0,1]){
			translate(v = [0,-((couplerLength/2) + (flangeWidth/2)),-flangeThick/2]){
				cube(size = [(diameter + (flangeWidth*2)), (couplerLength + flangeWidth), flangeThick], center=true);
			}
		}
	}
}

module pvcCoupler(){

	module rotateCylinder(deg, r, h){
		rotate(90, [1,0,0]) rotate(deg, [0,1,0])
			cylinder(r = r, h = h, center = false);
	}
	module rotateThirdCylinder(degCO, degCT, r, h){
		rotate(degCO, [1,0,0]) rotate(degCT, [0,1,0])
			cylinder(r = r, h = h, center = false);
	}

	// moves everything right side up
	rotate(a=[0,180,0]){
		difference(){
			union(){
				// creates the non-movable coupler and the first coupler
				rotateCylinder(0, couplerRadius, couplerLength);
				rotateCylinder(doubleRotate, couplerRadius, couplerLength);

				if(couplerConst >= 1){
					// my crazy coupler that moves both in x and y... can also function as a 3rd flat coupler
					rotateThirdCylinder(xFourRotate, yFourRotate, couplerRadius, couplerLength);
				}
				if(couplerConst >= 2){
					// creates coupler five or four depending on above
					rotateCylinder(fiveRotate, couplerRadius, couplerLength);
				}
				if(couplerConst >= 3){
					// creates coupler six or five depending on above
					rotateCylinder(sixRotate, couplerRadius, couplerLength);
				}

				// inner design sphere.  Personal prefrence and or structual.
				sphere(r = (couplerRadius + pvcWall));

				if(isWarp == 1){
					warping();
				}
			}

			// cuts the couplers in half ignoring inner sphere or ocupler size
			cylinder(r = (couplerLength * 2), h = (couplerRadius + pvcWall * 2), center = false);

			// creates coupler cutouts so they can hollow out the existing structure.  Stupid coding.. REVISIT.
			if(isHollow == 1){
				difference(){
					union(){
						rotateCylinder(0, couplerRadius - 1, couplerLength + 1);
						rotateCylinder(doubleRotate, couplerRadius - 1, couplerLength + 1);

						if(couplerConst >= 1){
							rotateThirdCylinder(xFourRotate, yFourRotate, couplerRadius - 1, couplerLength + 1);
						}
						if(couplerConst >= 2){
							rotateCylinder(fiveRotate, couplerRadius - 1, couplerLength + 1);
						}
						if(couplerConst >= 3){
							rotateCylinder(sixRotate, couplerRadius - 1, couplerLength + 1);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

// if the pvcDiameter gets too big the couplers run up against each other.  this prevents that by puting them at arms length creates a mirror image and moves it over a bit to center on the build platform.
if(couplerConst >= 1 || pvcDiameter > 26.64){
	translate(v = [-(couplerLength + (flangeWidth*4)),0,0]){
		pvcCoupler();
	}
	translate(v = [(couplerLength + (flangeWidth*4)),0,0]){
		mirror([1,0,0]) {
			pvcCoupler();
		}
	}
}else{
	translate(v = [-(pvcWall + (flangeWidth*4)),0,0]){
		pvcCoupler();
	}
	translate(v = [(pvcWall + (flangeWidth*4)),0,0]){
		mirror([1,0,0]) {
			pvcCoupler();
		}
	}
}

build_plate(buildPlateType, buildPlateX, buildPlateY);
```


[User]
Okay, I'm trying to design a mount for a Bowden tube to attach to a hotend. I've got a basic version I made that works in OpenSCAD, but I'd like it to be more flexible and user-friendly.

Here's what I need:

The mount should essentially be a cylinder with two holes in it. One central hole that is sized for the hotend mount, and a second smaller hole that the Bowden tube passes through. My current model also includes cutouts on the side to make a flat face for mounting.

Specifically:

*   **Parametric Cylinder:** The main body of the mount should be a cylinder where the diameter (radius) and height are parametric. I'd like to be able to easily adjust these.
*   **Hotend Mount Hole:** There should be a central cylindrical hole to attach to the hotend. The diameter of this hole should be a parameter. I'll need to be able to chose from standard sizes like 10, 12.7, 15, and 16mm which match common hotend mounts.
*   **Bowden Tube Hole:**  A second cylindrical hole should be created for the bowden tube. The diameter of this hole needs to be a parameter to support 3, 3.5, 4, and 6 mm tubes.
*   **Mounting Cutouts:** I'd like to be able to optionally include a set of flat faces that are created by cutting away portions of the cylinder. These cutouts should be configurable: I'd like to control both how far the cut extends into the cylinder radius, and how far the cuts extend along the height of the cylinder, and how many flat cuts to create.
*   **Customizer Compatibility:** I need to be able to modify all of these parameters easily using the OpenSCAD customizer.

My current code uses `cylinder` and `difference` commands with some translated `cubes`. I'd prefer to avoid using arbitrary `cube` commands that use magic numbers. It might be nicer if the flat faces were calculated more directly (as a difference of other shapes) based on the parameters for the mount.

I'm not familiar with using external libraries like MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, or BOLTS, but I'm open to using them if you think they'll make the design better. I think it's important that the code be easy to read and understand, though, so please comment well if you use a library. I would prefer to keep it to a single .scad file.

Could you help me create a parameterized OpenSCAD file for this?

[Assistant]
bowden_fit.scad:
```
/*I made this part to check customizer and play with openscad.
*It is based on this: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:36240 from Petehagoras
*The dimensions for the holes are taken from jonaskuehling's openscad
* model http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18379 (Greg's Wade reloaded)
* The dimensions are tight, so i don't know if it will work out of the box.
*Wade's to bowden cable by cr3a7ure
*I'm not familiar with licences so i'll keep the original
*/

bowden_cable_diameter = 6;// [6:3mm_Filament,4:1.75mm_Filament,3.5:Fill_that_hole]
hotend_mount_hole = 16; //[16:J_head_or_grrf_peek,12.7:Wildseyed_mount_or_Mendel_parts_v6,15:geared_extruder,10:reprapfab.org]
hole_height = 10; // [10:what_you_want,20:reprapfab.org]

difference(){
cylinder(r=hotend_mount_hole/2,h=hole_height,$fn=60);
cylinder(r=bowden_cable_diameter/2,h=hole_height,$fn=60);
translate([-1.6/2,-hotend_mount_hole/2,4]) cube([1.6,hotend_mount_hole,16]);
translate([-1.3+hotend_mount_hole/2,-hotend_mount_hole/2,4]) cube([1.3,hotend_mount_hole,16]);
translate([-hotend_mount_hole/2,-hotend_mount_hole/2,4]) cube([1.3,hotend_mount_hole,16]);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a customizable cube gear, similar to the one described in the `cubeGears4.scad` file I've been looking at, but I want to create my own design from scratch and would like your help generating the OpenSCAD code.

Here are the key features I'm looking for, drawing inspiration from that existing file:

**Core Structure:**

*   **Cube Framework:** The core of the design should be a cube with gears rotating on its faces. The overall size of the cube should be adjustable via a parameter.
*   **Rotating Gears:** Each face should have a large gear that rotates. The gears should be bevel gears. There should be some kind of center block for the cube core.
*   **Gear Ratios:** I need to be able to select between different gear ratios for the large and small gears, which can affect the number of turns for the cube to return to its starting position. I'd like to have at least the following options: 18 & 9 teeth, 9 & 6 teeth, and 18 & 15 teeth. The small gears will need to rotate against the large gears.
*   **Pin Mechanism:** The gears need to be connected to the cube via a pin system, allowing them to rotate smoothly. I need to be able to control the pin diameter and the gap between the pin and the hole for fit and rotation.
*   **Tolerance:** I need a way to set a tolerance value, which should primarily affect the pin fits to allow for easier assembly depending on printer precision. I'd like to control the size of the pins, with some option for horizontal pins.
*   **Animated Assembly (Optional):** If feasible, it would be awesome to have the assembly animated, similar to how it's done in the example code. This would be purely for visual purposes and not affect the final output.

**Customization Parameters (exposed to the user):**

*   `object`: An integer parameter to select which part to render (e.g., the center block, a large gear, a small gear, pin, or the full assembly).
*   `type`: An integer parameter to choose the gear ratio (referring to the tooth combinations: 18 & 9, 9 & 6, 18 & 15).
*   `size`: The edge length of the overall cube.
*   `tol`:  Tolerance value for pin fits.
*  `gap`: The ratio of the pin gap to pin diameter.
*   `Backlash`: The space between gear teeth.
*   `word1`, `word2`, `word3`: Text strings that will appear on the large gear faces.
*   `fontsize`: The font size for the text strings on the gears.
*   `Font`: A drop-down menu to select a font, including at least "write/Letters.dxf", "write/orbitron.dxf" and "write/BlackRose.dxf"
*  `build_plate_selector`: A drop-down to select from a few printer buildplates or a manual override.
*  `build_plate_manual_x` and `build_plate_manual_y`: the manual buildplate dimensions.

**Modules and Libraries:**

*   I'd like the design to utilize the `involute_gears.scad` module from the MCAD library for generating the bevel gears.
*   The text writing should use functionality from the `Write.scad` file that's shown as being within a `/write/` subdirectory of the main project folder in the `use` statements.
*   I want to use a module for adding a build plate for display purposes as seen in the example code, using `build_plate.scad` from the `/utils/` subdirectory.
* I'll need to implement the pin design and pinhole modules similar to what's defined in the example code. This can either be done using custom modules or if there's a better way of implementing pin design in the MCAD library or another common library, that would be great.

**Specific Design Notes:**

*   The pin design should include a lip for secure fitting and to prevent it from coming out. I'd like to ensure that the pin module is flexible enough to produce the pin object and a negative space of the appropriate size, allowing the tolerance to apply on both sides of the connection, and including the pinhole geometry in gear faces and in the center cube.
*   The text on the gear face should be positioned correctly. The example file shows a way of doing this that I'd like to replicate, if possible.
*   The parameters in the existing file used to define the sizes of gear features should ideally be included as parameters so that the gear dimensions can be controlled via equations, similar to what is done in the example file.

Could you generate the base OpenSCAD file for me based on these requirements? I'm looking for a modular structure that is easy to understand and modify.

[Assistant]
cubeGears4.scad:
```
// Customizable Cube Gears
// Note: the assembly is animated

use <MCAD/involute_gears.scad>
//use <../pins.scad>
use <write/Write.scad>

choose(i=object);

//Choose which part to render (assembly is only for viewing)
object=1;//[0:Center,1:Large Gear,2:Small Gear,3:Pin,5:Assembly]
//Numbers of teeth on gears
type=2;//[0:18 & 9,1:9 & 6,2:18 & 15]
//Length of cube edges
size=50;
//Tolerance only affects pins (larger is looser)
tol=0.5;
//Ratio of length of pin gap to pin diameter (smaller is stiffer)
gap=2;//[1:2]
//Space between gear teeth
Backlash=0.5;
//First word on large gear
word1="";
//Second word on large gear
word2="";
//Third word on large gear
word3="";
//Height of words
fontsize=6;
Font = "write/Letters.dxf";//["write/Letters.dxf":Basic,"write/orbitron.dxf":Futuristic,"write/BlackRose.dxf":Fancy]

use <utils/build_plate.scad>
//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 0; //[0:Replicator 2,1:Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]
//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]
//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

rf1=size;// distance from center of cube to end of gear 1 (before clipping)
pd=rf1*7/50;// pin shaft diameter
ph=pd*gap;// pin gap length
pc=rf1*0.35;// pin height clearance on gears
pL=rf1*0.54;// pin length
$fs=0.5*1;// adjust number of faces in holes

NR=[[18,9,0.7493,0.3746,1,0.24],
	[9,6,0.6860,0.4573,2,0.24],
	[18,15,0.6285,0.5238,5,0.3]];

Nr=NR[type];
n1=Nr[0];// number of teeth on gear 1
n2=Nr[1];// number of teeth on gear 2
r1=Nr[2];// these two numbers come from gearopt.m
r2=Nr[3];
nt=Nr[4];// number of turns per cycle
cp=Nr[5];// percentage of rf1 for the center block
dc=rf1/sqrt(1-pow(r1,2));
theta=asin(1/sqrt(3));
pitch=360*r1*dc/n1;
rf2=sqrt(pow(dc,2)-pow(r2*dc,2));

module choose(i=0){
	if(i==0)translate([0,0,rf1*cp])center();
	if(i==1)gear1();
	if(i==2)gear2();
	if(i==3)longpin();
	if(i==4){twogears();rotate([theta+90,0,0])center();}
	if(i==5)assembly();
	if(i<4)build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);
}

module assembly()
rotate([0,0,45]){
	rotate([theta+90,0,0])center();
	twogears();
	rotate([0,0,180])twogears();
	rotate([180,0,90])twogears();
	rotate([180,0,-90])twogears();
}

module twogears(){
	rotate(a=[0,90-theta,90])rotate([0,0,nt*120*$t])translate([0,0,rf1*cp])gear1();
	rotate(a=[0,90-theta,0])rotate([0,0,-nt*n1/n2*120*$t])translate([0,0,rf2*cp])gear2();
}

module longpin()
union(){
	translate([0,pL/2-ph,0])pin_horizontal(r=pd/2,h=ph,t=tol);
	pinshaft(r=pd/2,h=pL-2*ph+0.2,side=true,t=tol);
	rotate([0,0,180])translate([0,pL/2-ph,0])pin_horizontal(r=pd/2,h=ph,t=tol);
}

module center(){
intersection(){
	box();
	rotate([2*(90-theta),0,0])box();
	rotate([2*(90-theta),0,120])box();
	rotate([2*(90-theta),0,-120])box();
	rotate(-[theta+90,0,0])rotate([0,0,45])cube(0.85*size,center=true);
}}

module box(){
//render(convexity=2)
translate([0,0,(rf2-rf1)*cp/2])difference(){
	cube(size=[dc,dc,(rf1+rf2)*cp],center=true);
	translate([0,0,-(rf1+rf2)*cp/2])pinhole(h=pL-(rf1*(1-cp)-pc),r=pd/2,fixed=true);
	rotate([180,0,0])translate([0,0,-(rf1+rf2)*cp/2])pinhole(h=pL-(rf1-rf2*cp-pc),r=pd/2,fixed=true);
}}

module gear1(){
//render()
intersection(){
	translate([0,0,-rf1*cp])rotate([0,theta-90,0])rotate([0,0,45])difference(){
		cube(size=size, center=true);
		rotate([0,0,45-180])translate([0,rf1/sqrt(2)-3,rf1/2])monogram(h=2);
		text(word1);
		rotate([-90,0,-90])text(word2);
		rotate([90,-90,0])text(word3);
	}
	difference(){
		translate([0,0,rf1*(1-cp)])rotate([180,0,90/n1])
		bevel_gear (number_of_teeth=n1,
			outside_circular_pitch=pitch,
			cone_distance=dc,
			face_width=dc*(1-cp),
			bore_diameter=0,
			backlash=Backlash,
			finish=0);
		pinhole(h=rf1*(1-cp)-pc,r=pd/2,tight=false);
	}
}}

module gear2(){
//render()
intersection(){
	translate([0,0,-rf2*cp])rotate([0,theta-90,0])rotate([0,0,45])cube(size=size, center=true);
	difference(){
		translate([0,0,rf2*(1-cp)])rotate([180,0,90/n2])
		bevel_gear (number_of_teeth=n2,
			outside_circular_pitch=pitch,
			cone_distance=dc,
			face_width=dc*(1-cp),
			bore_diameter=0,
			backlash=Backlash,
			finish=0);
		pinhole(h=rf1-rf2*cp-pc,r=pd/2,tight=false);
	}
}}

module text(word)
rotate([0,0,45-180])translate([0,rf1*0.35,rf1/2])
	write(word,t=2,h=fontsize,center=true,font=Font);

module monogram(h=1)
linear_extrude(height=h,center=true)
translate(-[2,5])union(){
	difference(){
		square([4,5]);
		translate([1,1])square([2,3]);
	}
	square([6,1]);
	translate([0,2])square([2,1]);
}

// This is Pins V3, copied here because V2 is all customizer has to offer.

module pinhole(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, t=0.3, tight=true, fixed=false) {
  // h = shaft height
  // r = shaft radius
  // lh = lip height
  // lt = lip thickness
  // t = extra tolerance for loose fit
  // tight = set to false if you want a joint that spins easily
  // fixed = set to true so pins can't spin

intersection(){
  union() {
	if (tight == true || fixed == true) {
      pin_solid(h, r, lh, lt);
	  translate([0,0,-t/2])cylinder(h=h+t, r=r, $fn=30);
	} else {
	  pin_solid(h, r+t/2, lh, lt);
	  translate([0,0,-t/2])cylinder(h=h+t, r=r+t/2, $fn=30);
	}

    // widen the entrance hole to make insertion easier
    //translate([0, 0, -0.1]) cylinder(h=lh/3, r2=r, r1=r+(t/2)+(lt/2),$fn=30);
  }
  if (fixed == true) {
	translate([-r*2, -r*0.75, -1])cube([r*4, r*1.5, h+2]);
  }
}}

module pin(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, t=0.2, side=false) {
  // h = shaft height
  // r = shaft radius
  // lh = lip height
  // lt = lip thickness
  // side = set to true if you want it printed horizontally

  if (side) {
    pin_horizontal(h, r, lh, lt, t);
  } else {
    pin_vertical(h, r, lh, lt, t);
  }
}

module pintack(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, t=0.2, bh=3, br=8.75) {
  // bh = base_height
  // br = base_radius

  union() {
    cylinder(h=bh, r=br);
    translate([0, 0, bh]) pin(h, r, lh, lt, t);
  }
}

module pinpeg(h=20, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, t=0.2) {
  union() {
    translate([0,-0.05, 0]) pin(h/2+0.1, r, lh, lt, t, side=true);
    translate([0,0.05, 0]) rotate([0, 0, 180]) pin(h/2+0.1, r, lh, lt, t, side=true);
  }
}

// just call pin instead, I made this module because it was easier to do the rotation option this way
// since openscad complains of recursion if I did it all in one module
module pin_vertical(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, t=0.2) {
  // h = shaft height
  // r = shaft radius
  // lh = lip height
  // lt = lip thickness

  difference() {
    pin_solid(h, r-t/2, lh, lt);

    // center cut
    translate([-lt*3/2, -(r*2+lt*2)/2, h/5+lt*3/2]) cube([lt*3, r*2+lt*2, h]);
    //translate([0, 0, h/4]) cylinder(h=h+lh, r=r/2.5, $fn=20);
    // center curve
    translate([0, 0, h/5+lt*3/2]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(h=r*2, r=lt*3/2, center=true, $fn=20);

    // side cuts
    translate([-r*2, -r-r*0.75+t/2, -1]) cube([r*4, r, h+2]);
    translate([-r*2, r*0.75-t/2, -1]) cube([r*4, r, h+2]);
  }
}

// call pin with side=true instead of this
module pin_horizontal(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1, t=0.2) {
  // h = shaft height
  // r = shaft radius
  // lh = lip height
  // lt = lip thickness
  translate([0, 0, r*0.75-t/2]) rotate([-90, 0, 0]) pin_vertical(h, r, lh, lt, t);
}

// this is mainly to make the pinhole module easier
module pin_solid(h=10, r=4, lh=3, lt=1) {
  union() {
    // shaft
    cylinder(h=h-lh, r=r, $fn=30);
    // lip
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh]) cylinder(h=lh*0.25, r1=r, r2=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.25]) cylinder(h=lh*0.25, r2=r, r1=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.50]) cylinder(h=lh*0.50, r1=r, r2=r-(lt/2), $fn=30);

    // translate([0, 0, h-lh]) cylinder(h=lh*0.50, r1=r, r2=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.50]) cylinder(h=lh*0.50, r1=r+(lt/2), r2=r-(lt/3), $fn=30);

    translate([0, 0, h-lh]) cylinder(h=lh*0.25, r1=r, r2=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.25]) cylinder(h=lh*0.25, r=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
    translate([0, 0, h-lh+lh*0.50]) cylinder(h=lh*0.50, r1=r+(lt/2), r2=r-(lt/2), $fn=30);

    // translate([0, 0, h-lh]) cylinder(h=lh, r1=r+(lt/2), r2=1, $fn=30);
    // translate([0, 0, h-lh-lt/2]) cylinder(h=lt/2, r1=r, r2=r+(lt/2), $fn=30);
  }
}

module pinshaft(h=10, r=4, t=0.2, side=false){
flip=side ? 1 : 0;
translate(flip*[0,h/2,r*0.75-t/2])rotate(flip*[90,0,0])
intersection(){
	cylinder(h=h, r=r-t/2, $fn=30);
	translate([-r*2, -r*0.75+t/2, -1])cube([r*4, r*1.5-t, h+2]);
}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I've been messing around with OpenSCAD and I've made this iPhone 4 case, but I want to make it way more customizable and robust. I've got the basic shape down, but I need help making it parametric and flexible. I want a design that I can easily modify for different phone models and add different surface patterns.

Here's the basic idea:

I've modeled the iPhone 4 case using a combination of rounded rectangles (made with `rotate_extrude` and `square` with circles at the ends) and then subtracting away the inside volume, button cutouts, etc. I also have a base rim and camera cutout on the back. I am using the `build_plate.scad` library for visualization purposes only and do not need that in the final file.

Here are the key parameters I'd like to control:

**Overall Dimensions:**

*   `phone_length`, `phone_width`, `phone_thickness`: The basic dimensions of the phone itself.
*   `corner_radius`: The radius of the rounded corners of the phone case.
*   `case_thickness`: The overall thickness of the case.
*  `rim_height`: The height of the case rim around the edge of the phone.
*   `base_thickness`: The thickness of the bottom rim on the back of the phone.
*   `base_rim_thickness`: How thick the bottom rim is.
*   `camera_ctr_width`: The width of the gap around the camera on the back.

**Button Cutouts:**

*   `button_basewall_thick`: The remaining thickness around the button cutouts.
*   `tb_buttoncut_offset`: Distance of the top and bottom button cutouts from center of the case width.
*   `sidecut_topctr`: Distance of the top side button cutout from the center of the case length.
*   `sidecut_botctr`: Distance of the bottom side button cutout from the center of the case length.

**Surface Pattern:**

This is where I need the most help. I want to be able to generate a repeating pattern on the back surface of the case that is customizable. I need parameters to control:

*   `Pattern_Shape`: The number of sides of the shape used for the pattern (e.g. 3 for a triangle, 4 for a square, 6 for a hexagon, a large number for a circle, etc.)
*   `Pattern_Angle`: The rotation angle of the whole pattern.
*   `Pattern_Radius`: The size of the repeating shape.
*   `Pattern_Thickness`: The depth of the cut of the pattern (how far the shapes are subtracted).
*   `Pattern_Overlap`: The percentage of overlap between shapes in the pattern.

The pattern should be repeated over the whole back surface and should cut into the main case body.

**Other requirements:**

*   The code should be well-commented, so I can understand how it works and make further modifications.
*   I'd like to keep the same rounded edges I've currently got in my existing design, and the small button radii would be great too.
*   I need this to work for potentially different phones, so having all these values as parameters at the top of the file would be brilliant.
*   I'd like the case base rim to be a separate subtraction, so it can be excluded as a feature if desired. Similarly, the camera cut should be separate.

Could you generate the parametric OpenSCAD code for me, incorporating these features?

[Assistant]
02-13-002no_text.scad:
```
use <utils/build_plate.scad>
//use <Write.scad>

//preview[view:east,tilt:top]

Pattern_Shape = 8;  //[3:Triangle (3-sided),4:Square (4-sided),5:Pentagon (5-sided),6:Hexagon (6-sided),7:Heptagon (7-sided),8:Octogon (8-sided),9:Nonagon (9-sided),10:Decagon (10-sided),11:Hendecagon (11-sided),12:Dodecagon (12-sided),30:Circle (30-sided)]

//in degrees:
Pattern_Angle =45;		//[0:180]

//in mm:
Pattern_Radius = 15; //[4:40]

//in mm:
Pattern_Thickness = 1; //[1:10]

//% of Radius
Pattern_Overlap = 40; //[0:100]

//Only used for visualisation
Build_Plate_Selector = 0; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic]

module elongate() {
  for (i = [0 : $children-1])
    scale([1 , 1, case_thickness/4]) child(i); }

build_plate(Build_Plate_Selector);

/*Non customizer variables*/

$fn = 20;

iphone4_length = 115.15;
iphone4_width = 58.55;
iphone4_rad = 8.77;
iphone4_thickness = 9.34;
iphone4_rimheight = 6.4;
base_thickness = 1;
base_rim_thick = 2;
cam_ctr_width = 6.15;

iphone4_innerrad = iphone4_rad-0.5;
iphone4_rimrad = iphone4_rad+0.3;
rad_length = iphone4_length-(2*iphone4_rad);
rad_width = iphone4_width-(2*iphone4_rad);
rad_offsetl = 0.5*rad_length;
rad_offsetw = 0.5*rad_width;
case_thickness = iphone4_thickness+2;
button_basewall_thick = 2;
rad_buttoncut = (0.5*case_thickness)-button_basewall_thick;
tb_buttoncut_offset = (0.5*iphone4_width)-12.04;
sidecut_topctr = (0.5*115.15)-12.17;
sidecut_botctr = (0.5*115.15)-34.92;
sidecut_ctrwidth = sidecut_topctr-sidecut_botctr;
patt_mult = 1.5;

echo (rad_offsetw,tb_buttoncut_offset);

//--------------------------------------

difference (){  //for main top bottom and side button cuts

difference () {

elongate () {

	union() {
		//corner cylinders
		translate ([rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,2])
		rotate_extrude (){

			translate([0,-2,0])
		 	square ([iphone4_rad,4]);

			translate([iphone4_rad,0,0])
			circle(r = 2);}

		translate ([rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,2])
		rotate_extrude (){

			translate([0,-2,0])
		 	square ([iphone4_rad,4]);

			translate([iphone4_rad,0,0])
		 	circle(r = 2);}

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,2])
		rotate_extrude (){

			translate([0,-2,0])
		 	square ([iphone4_rad,4]);

			translate([iphone4_rad,0,0])
		 	circle(r = 2);}

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,2])
		rotate_extrude (){

			translate([0,-2,0])
 			square ([iphone4_rad,4]);

			translate([iphone4_rad,0,0])
 			circle(r = 2);}

	//center cube fill
	translate([0,0,2])
	cube ([rad_length,rad_width,4], center=true);

	// edges

	rotate ([90,0,90])
	translate ([rad_offsetw,2,0]){
		linear_extrude (height=rad_length, center=true){
			translate([0,-2,0])
 			square ([iphone4_rad,4]);

			translate([iphone4_rad,0,0])
 			circle(r = 2);}}

	rotate ([90,0,270])
	translate ([rad_offsetw,2,0]){
		linear_extrude (height=rad_length, center=true){
			translate([0,-2,0])
 			square ([iphone4_rad,4]);

			translate([iphone4_rad,0,0])
 			circle(r = 2);}}

	rotate ([90,0,180])
	translate ([rad_offsetl,2,0]){
		linear_extrude (height=rad_width, center=true){
			translate([0,-2,0])
 			square ([iphone4_rad,4]);

			translate([iphone4_rad,0,0])
 			circle(r = 2);}}

	rotate ([90,0,0])
	translate ([rad_offsetl,2,0]){
		linear_extrude (height=rad_width, center=true){
			translate([0,-2,0])
 			square ([iphone4_rad,4]);

			translate([iphone4_rad,0,0])
 			circle(r = 2);}}

	} //end union base flat form
	} //end elongation and main body block

//------------------------------------------

//main cut through

union() {

	//corner cylinders
		translate ([rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,-5])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_innerrad, h=20);

		translate ([rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,-5])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_innerrad, h=20);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,-5])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_innerrad, h=20);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,-5])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_innerrad, h=20);

	//center cube fill
		translate([0,0,5]){
			cube ([rad_length+(2*iphone4_innerrad),rad_width,20], center=true);
			cube ([rad_length,rad_width+(2*iphone4_innerrad),20], center=true);}

	//rim cut

	//corner cylinders
		translate ([rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,case_thickness/2])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rimrad, h=iphone4_rimheight, center=true);

		translate ([rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,case_thickness/2])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rimrad, h=iphone4_rimheight, center=true);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,case_thickness/2])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rimrad, h=iphone4_rimheight, center=true);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,case_thickness/2])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rimrad, h=iphone4_rimheight, center=true);

	//center cube fill
		translate([0,0,case_thickness/2]){
			cube ([rad_length+(2*iphone4_rimrad),rad_width,iphone4_rimheight], center=true);
			cube ([rad_length,rad_width+(2*iphone4_rimrad),iphone4_rimheight], center=true);}

	} //end main cut through union

} // end difference on main cut

//-----------------------------------------

// top + bottom button cut

difference () {

	union () {

		translate ([0,tb_buttoncut_offset,case_thickness/2])
		rotate([0,90,0])
		cylinder (r=rad_buttoncut, h=iphone4_length+10,center=true);

		translate ([0,-tb_buttoncut_offset,case_thickness/2])
		rotate([0,90,0])
		cylinder (r=rad_buttoncut, h=iphone4_length+10,center=true);

		translate ([0,0,case_thickness/2])
		cube([iphone4_length+10,2*tb_buttoncut_offset,2*rad_buttoncut],center=true);

		translate ([-0.5*iphone4_length-5,-tb_buttoncut_offset-2*rad_buttoncut,(0.5*case_thickness)+button_basewall_thick])
		cube([iphone4_length+10,(2*tb_buttoncut_offset)+(4*rad_buttoncut),20-((0.5*case_thickness)+button_basewall_thick)]);

		translate ([-0.5*iphone4_length-5,-tb_buttoncut_offset-rad_buttoncut,00.5*case_thickness])
		cube([iphone4_length+10,2*tb_buttoncut_offset+(2*rad_buttoncut),button_basewall_thick]);}

	translate ([0,-tb_buttoncut_offset-(2*rad_buttoncut),(case_thickness/2)+button_basewall_thick])
	rotate([0,90,0])
	cylinder (r=rad_buttoncut, h=iphone4_length+12,center=true);

	translate ([0,tb_buttoncut_offset+(2*rad_buttoncut),(case_thickness/2)	+button_basewall_thick])
	rotate([0,90,0])
	cylinder (r=rad_buttoncut, h=iphone4_length+12,center=true);

}

//-----------------------------------------

// side cut

difference () {

	union () {

		translate ([-sidecut_topctr,0,case_thickness/2])
		rotate([0,90,270])
		cylinder (r=rad_buttoncut, h=(0.5*iphone4_width)+5);

		translate ([-sidecut_botctr,0,case_thickness/2])
		rotate([0,90,270])
		cylinder (r=rad_buttoncut, h=(0.5*iphone4_width)+5);

		translate ([-sidecut_topctr,-((0.5*iphone4_width)+5),(0.5*case_thickness)-rad_buttoncut])
		cube([sidecut_ctrwidth,(0.5*iphone4_width)+5,2*rad_buttoncut]);

		translate ([-sidecut_topctr-rad_buttoncut,-((0.5*iphone4_width)+5),(0.5*case_thickness)])
		cube([sidecut_ctrwidth+(2*rad_buttoncut),(0.5*iphone4_width)+5,button_basewall_thick]);

		translate ([-sidecut_topctr-(2*rad_buttoncut),-((0.5*iphone4_width)+5),(0.5*case_thickness)+button_basewall_thick])
		cube([sidecut_ctrwidth+(4*rad_buttoncut),(0.5*iphone4_width)+5,20-((0.5*case_thickness)+button_basewall_thick)]);}

		translate ([-sidecut_topctr-(2*rad_buttoncut),0,(case_thickness/2)+button_basewall_thick])
		rotate([0,90,270])
		cylinder (r=rad_buttoncut, h=(0.5*iphone4_width)+6);

		translate ([-sidecut_botctr+(2*rad_buttoncut),0,(case_thickness/2)+button_basewall_thick])
		rotate([0,90,270])
		cylinder (r=rad_buttoncut, h=(0.5*iphone4_width)+6);}

}  // end top bottom side button cuts difference

//-----------------------------------------

// Base rim

difference () {

union () {

	//corner cylinders
		translate ([rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,0])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad, h=base_thickness);

		translate ([rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,0])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad, h=base_thickness);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,0])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad, h=base_thickness);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,0])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad, h=base_thickness);

	//center cube fill
		translate ([0,0,base_thickness/2]){
			cube ([rad_length+(2*iphone4_rad),rad_width,base_thickness], center=true);
			cube ([rad_length,rad_width+(2*iphone4_rad),base_thickness], center=true);}}

union () {

	//corner cylinders
		translate ([rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

		translate ([rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

	//center cube fill
		translate ([0,0,base_thickness/2]){
			cube ([rad_length-(2*base_rim_thick)+(2*iphone4_rad),rad_width,base_thickness+2], center=true);
			cube ([rad_length,rad_width-2*(base_rim_thick)+(2*iphone4_rad),base_thickness+2], center=true);}}

} // end base rim

//-----------------------------------------

// Camera rim

difference () {

union () {
		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,0])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad, h=base_thickness);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw-cam_ctr_width,0])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad, h=base_thickness);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl-iphone4_rad,rad_offsetw-cam_ctr_width,0])
		 	cube ([2*iphone4_rad,cam_ctr_width,base_thickness]);}

union () {
		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw-cam_ctr_width,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl-iphone4_rad+base_rim_thick,rad_offsetw-cam_ctr_width,-1])
		 	cube ([2*(iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick),cam_ctr_width,base_thickness+2]);}

}  // end of camera rim difference

//-----------------------------------------

// start of pattern details

overlap=Pattern_Overlap*Pattern_Radius*0.01;
imax=(ceil((iphone4_length/2)/(patt_mult*Pattern_Radius-overlap)));
jmax=(ceil((iphone4_width/2)/(patt_mult*Pattern_Radius-overlap)));
echo (overlap);
echo ("imax=",imax);
echo ("jmax=",jmax);

a=ceil (0.03);
echo (a);

intersection() {  // intersection with block below

difference () {

for(i = [(-imax):(imax)], j = [-jmax:jmax]) {

    		translate([i*(patt_mult*Pattern_Radius-overlap),j*(patt_mult*Pattern_Radius-overlap),0.5])
			rotate([0,0,Pattern_Angle])

			difference() {

			circle(r=Pattern_Radius+(0.5*Pattern_Thickness), center = true, $fn = Pattern_Shape);
			translate ([0,0,-1])
			linear_extrude (h=3) {circle(r=Pattern_Radius-(0.5*Pattern_Thickness), center = true, $fn = Pattern_Shape);}
}

/*
		translate ([(0.5*rad_length)+iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick-Text_size-Text_position,0,base_thickness/2]){
			cube ([Text_size*2,rad_width+(2*iphone4_rad),base_thickness], center=true);//

} */

}   // end pattern details

/*	translate ([((0.5*rad_length)+iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick-Text_size)-Text_position,0,0])
	rotate ([0,180,90])
		write(Custom_text,t=base_thickness+2,h=Text_size,font=Font_Style,center=true);

*/
}
//-----------------------------------------

// pattern intersection block

difference () {

union () {

	//corner cylinders
		translate ([rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

		translate ([rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,-rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,-1])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad-base_rim_thick, h=base_thickness+2);

	//center cube fill
		translate ([0,0,base_thickness/2]){
			cube ([rad_length-(2*base_rim_thick)+(2*iphone4_rad),rad_width,base_thickness+2], center=true);
			cube ([rad_length,rad_width-2*(base_rim_thick)+(2*iphone4_rad),base_thickness+2], center=true);}}

union () {
		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw,-2])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad, h=base_thickness+4);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl,rad_offsetw-cam_ctr_width,-2])
		 	cylinder (r=iphone4_rad, h=base_thickness+4);

		translate ([-rad_offsetl-iphone4_rad,rad_offsetw-cam_ctr_width,0])
		 	cube ([2*iphone4_rad,cam_ctr_width,base_thickness+4]);}

} // end pattern intersection block

}

//-----------------------------------------

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable dodecahedron in OpenSCAD, but I want to make it a little different than a standard one. I like the idea of having the faces be separate pentagons that connect together.

Here's what I have in mind:

*   **Dodecahedron Construction:** I want the dodecahedron to be built from 12 pentagonal faces, each with a flat pentagonal base.
*   **Connectors:** These pentagonal faces will be connected to each other using smaller connecting pieces.
*   **Customizable Parameters:** I'd like these parameters to be easily customizable:
    *   `radius`:  The radius of the base pentagons.
    *   `thickness`: The thickness or height of the pentagonal pieces.
    *   `gap`:  The size of the gap or space between the pentagonal faces and connecting pieces.
    *   `center_hole`:  A boolean option to have or not have a center hole on each pentagonal face.
    *   `center_hole_radius_1`: The inner radius of the center hole.
    *   `center_hole_radius_2`: The outer radius of the center hole, creating a cylindrical cut.
*   **Preview Mode:** I want a preview mode where the individual pentagons are shown assembled together to help me understand how they'll fit. This should not produce an STL.
*   **STL Output:** When I'm ready, the code should be able to generate the full dodecahedron STL by combining the pieces.
*   **Assembly:** The code should make it clear how each pentagon and connecting pieces fit together, so I know where to attach the connecting pieces.

Essentially, I want a design where the dodecahedron looks like it's built from connected plates with a visible gap between them. I'd like the code to be well-commented so I can understand how it's put together. The "flat" portions of the design should have their own individual pentagons with a connecting piece to the adjacent "flat". Finally, the pentagon faces should be cut out using rectangular prisms.

Could you help me design that in OpenSCAD? I'm not sure if this matters or not, but I'm not using any libraries like MCAD.

[Assistant]
Dodecaeder_3.scad:
```
//Customizable Dodecahedron
//By allenZ
//http://www.thingiverse.com/apps/customizer/run?thing_id=50798
//Version 3
//added difference cylinder radius for hole
//allow more thick wall design

//Preview? Choose No for create STL
preview = 1; //[1:Yes,0:No]

radius = 40; //[20:100]

thickness = 40; //[4:100]

gap=1; //[1:4]

center_hole = 1; //[1:Yes,0:No]

center_hole_radius_1 = 20; //[6:80]

center_hole_radius_2 = 35; //[6:80]

if (preview == 0) dodecaeder(radius,thickness,gap);

if (preview == 1) assembler(radius,thickness);

module assembler (r,high) {
translate ([0,0,-1.3*r+high/2]) pentagonwithcut (r,high);
for (i=[0:4]) {
rotate ([0,0,i*72]) rotate ([0,180-116.565,0]) translate ([0,0,-1.3*r+high/2]) rotate ([0,0,36]) pentagonwithcut (r,high);
}

rotate ([0,0,36])
mirror([ 0, 0, 1 ]) {
translate ([0,0,-1.3*r+high/2]) pentagonwithcut (r,high);
for (i=[0:4]) {
rotate ([0,0,i*72]) rotate ([0,180-116.565,0]) translate ([0,0,-1.3*r+high/2]) rotate ([0,0,36]) pentagonwithcut (r,high);
}
}
}

module dodecaeder (r,h,g) {
union () {
flat (r,h,g);
connect (r,g);
}

d = r*cos(36);

translate ([(r+r*sin(18))*2+d*2+g+2*g/cos(36),-(r*cos(18)*2+2*g*sin(36)),0])
rotate ([0,0,36])
union () {
flat (r,h,g);
connect (r,g);
}

//connect two big flat
translate ([(r+r*sin(18))+d+g/2+g/cos(36),-(r*cos(18)+g*sin(36)),1/2])
cube([g*2,r,1],center=true);
}

//Modules
module pentagonwithcut (r,h) {
d_angle = 116.565;

difference() {
pentagon(r,h);

for (i=[0:4])
{
rotate(i*360/5+360/5/2,[0,0,1])
translate ([r*cos(360/10)+h/2/sin(d_angle/2)/2,0,0])
rotate(-(90-d_angle/2),[0,1,0])
cube([h,r*sin(36)*2.2,h*2],center=true);
}

if (center_hole == 1) {
	//if (cut_type == 2 )
	cylinder (r1=center_hole_radius_1,r2=center_hole_radius_2,h=h+2,center = true);
}

}
}

module pentagon (r,h)
{
pi=180;
c1=cos(2*pi/5);
c2=cos(pi/5);
s1=sin(2*pi/5);
s2=sin(4*pi/5);

translate ([0,0,-h/2])
linear_extrude(height = h)
scale (r,r,1)
polygon(points=[[1,0],[c1,s1],[-c2,s2],[-c2,-s2],[c1,-s1]], paths=[[0,1,2,3,4]]);

}

module flat (r,h,g) {
gr=1.618;
translate ([0,0,h/2])
union ()
{
pentagonwithcut (r,h);
for (i=[0:4])
{
rotate(i*360/5+360/5/2,[0,0,1]) translate ([r*gr+g,0,0])  pentagonwithcut (r,h);
}
}
}

module connect(r,g) {
translate ([0,0,1/2])

for (i=[0:4])
{
rotate(i*360/5+360/5/2,[0,0,1]) translate ([r*cos(36)+g/2,0,0])  cube([g*2,r,1],center=true);
}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a heart-shaped clip, and I'd like to make it parametric so I can easily adjust its size and thickness. I want to use OpenSCAD for this.

I've got a basic idea and some dimensions in mind, inspired by another design, so I'll try to describe it clearly:

**Overall Shape:** The clip is basically a stylized heart shape, with two rounded humps at the top and a stem coming down to a rounded point. It's a 2D shape with a defined thickness.

**Key Features and Dimensions:**

*   **Length:** I want to control the overall length of the clip. Let's set a default of 64mm, and allow the user to adjust that, say from 50mm to 100mm.
*   **Thickness:** I need to be able to set the thickness of the clip. I'd like options for 0.5mm (really thin), 1.0mm (thin), 2.0mm (thick), 3.0mm (thicker), and 4.0mm (really thick). I'll probably start with 1mm.
*   **Heart Humps:** The top two rounded parts of the heart should be like two half-cylinders with a shared axis. I'm thinking the radius for these is around 10mm.
*   **Stem:** This part extends downwards from the humps. It tapers slightly as it goes down, and ends with a rounded tip (a half cylinder).
*   **Flexibility:** The clip needs to flex a little, so I need a few slots cut into the main body. I'd like these slots to be long, thin rectangles and follow the general shape of the clip.
*   **Holes:** There should be two small circular holes at the base of the humps, and another circular hole at the rounded tip of the stem.

**Parametric Needs:**

*   **Overall Length:** Should control the entire length of the clip, including both the heart section and stem.
*   **Thickness:** Adjustable.
*   **Scale:** The whole thing should ideally scale proportionally to the length adjustment. I can start with scaling the x-axis since that's the most significant, but I think all axes should scale.
*   **Hole Size and Placement:** The positions of the holes and slots should be relative to the overall scale and shape.
*   **Rounded edges:** I'd like to have control of how rounded those edges are, but it can be hardcoded to 60 $fn value for now.

**Libraries:** I do not need a library to accomplish this, however, if you use any standard libraries I would like to know that.

Can you provide me with an OpenSCAD file that implements this design with all of these parameters? I also need a preview showing a south-east perspective with the top tilted.

[Assistant]
heart_clip.scad:
```
// preview[view:south east, tilt:top]

// Thick (2mm) is a bit too stiff for holding multiple sheets of paper.
thickness = 1.0; // [0.5:Really Thin (0.5mm), 1.0:Thin (1mm), 2.0:Thick (2mm), 3.0:Thicker (3mm), 4.0:Really Thick (4mm)]

// Overall length (mm)
length = 64; // [50:100]

use <utils/build_plate.scad>

//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 2; //[2:Thingomatic, 1: Replicator, 0:Replicator 2, 3:Manual]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

module heart(scale_x = 1) {
	// heart humps
	hump_radius = 10;
	translate([0,-(hump_radius - 0.1),0]) cylinder(thickness,hump_radius,hump_radius);
	translate([0,(hump_radius - 0.1),0]) cylinder(thickness,hump_radius,hump_radius);

	// heart stem
	scale([scale_x,1,1]) {
		difference() {
			hull() {
				translate([1,-17.8,thickness/2]) sphere(thickness/2, $fn = 10);
				translate([1,17.8,thickness/2]) sphere(thickness/2, $fn = 10);
				translate([75,0,thickness/2]) sphere(thickness/2, $fn = 10);
			}
			// remove pointed tip
			translate([56,-10,-4]) cube([30,20,8]);
		}
	}
	// add rounded tip
	translate([(55.4 * scale_x),0,0]) cylinder(thickness,6.6,6.6, $fn = 60);
}

module hole(scale_x = 1) {
	depth = thickness + 4;

	translate([0,0,-2]) {
		// upper eyelet holes
		translate([1,-12,0]) cylinder(depth,5,5, $fn = 60);
		translate([1,12,0]) cylinder(depth,5,5, $fn = 60);

		// long flex slots
		scale([scale_x,1,1]) {
			translate([0,16,0]) rotate([0,0,256.3]) cube([4,56,depth]);
			translate([0,-12,0]) rotate([0,0,-76.3]) cube([4,56,depth]);
		}

		// round hole at the tip
		translate([(55.4 * scale_x),0,0]) cylinder(depth,4,4, $fn = 60);
	}
}

module heart_clip(scale_x = 1) {
	translate([-(54 * scale_x / 2),0,0]) difference() {
		heart(scale_x);
		hole(scale_x);
	}
}

// Scale the clip based on the design length of 64mm.
heart_clip(length / 64);

```


[User]
Okay, so I'm looking to create a gear generator that's a bit more flexible and robust than what I've got so far. I'd like a single OpenSCAD file that allows me to generate various types of gears with a good degree of customizability.

Here's what I'd like the script to do:

**Core Functionality:**

*   **Parametric Gear Generation:**  I need to be able to generate different gear types based on several key parameters. These parameters should be easily adjustable.
*   **Gear Types:**
    *   **Spur Gears:** Standard straight-cut gears.
    *   **Cog Gears:**  (Ideally, the definition of 'cog' should be clarified. If it is the same as a spur gear, this should be clarified)
    *   **Single Helix Gears:** Gears with angled teeth.
    *   **Double Helix Gears:** Gears with two sets of angled teeth (herringbone). I understand that it can be tricky but I would like it to try and get these working well.
*   **Key Parameters:**
    *   `height`: The thickness/height of the gear.
    *   `type`: A selection for the type of gear (Spur, Cog, Single Helix, Double Helix).
    *   `teeth`: The number of teeth on the gear.
    *   `scale`: A parameter that, along with `teeth`, controls the size.
    *   `hole`: A boolean or toggle (Yes/No) to specify if the gear should have a center hole or not.
    *   `holeSize`: If `hole` is yes, this controls the diameter of the hole.
    *   `circular_pitch` or `diametral_pitch`: Input using either one of these. The other should calculate itself based on this input. If circular pitch is given, the diametral pitch should be calculated. If diametral pitch is given, the circular pitch should be calculated.
    *    `pressure_angle`: The pressure angle of the gear teeth
    *    `clearance`: The clearance value between teeth, if necessary.

**Additional Desired Features:**

*   **Error Handling:** Make sure the script handles invalid parameters gracefully (e.g., negative teeth, zero `scale` or `holeSize`).
*   **Clear Module Structure:**  Break the code into modules to make it more readable.
*   **Consistent Definitions:** I noticed that the old code has different gear module call based on gear type. I would like to make that more consistent so that it always calls the gear module or a variant.
*   **Improved Double Helix:** Try to create a more stable and correct double helix geometry in this new implementation.
*  **No Global Variables:** The code has a number of global variables, these should be localized as much as possible
* **Libraries:** I do _not_ want the code to depend on any external libraries such as MCAD, BOSL or any other ones.

**Example Usage (Conceptual):**

I should be able to easily adjust all the parameters at the top and, after compilation, get the resulting gear. For example, I might set:

```openscad
height = 10;
type = "Double Helix";
teeth = 32;
scale = 150;
hole = "Yes";
holeSize = 4;
circular_pitch = 100;
```

or

```openscad
height = 5;
type = "Spur";
teeth = 20;
scale = 100;
hole = "No";
diametral_pitch = 1;
```
I would like the code to correctly use the input.

**What I Don't Need:**

*   Example code with hardcoded parameters.
*   Additional test cases outside of the main functionality.
*   Usage of external libraries (MCAD, etc).

**In Summary:**

I'm looking for a clean, well-structured, and parametric OpenSCAD gear generator that can handle spur, cog, single, and double helix gears, with customizable parameters like height, tooth count, scale, hole presence, and center hole size, while handling either circular pitch or diametral pitch values, without external libraries. I'd also like the double helix to be as correct as possible, and try to localize the global variables as much as possible.

[Assistant]
GearGenerator.scad:
```
height = 5;
type = "Spur"; // [Spur,Cog,Double Helix(beta), Single Helix]
teeth = 17;	//	[5:56]
scale = 100;//[3:100]
hole = "Yes"; //[Yes,No]
//don't make too big or your gear will disappear
holeSize = 1.5;
if (type == "Spur")
{
if(hole == "Yes")
{
hole();
}
else
{
spur();
}
}
else if(type == "Cog")
{
if(hole == "Yes")
{
hole();
}
else
{
cog();
}
}
else if(type == "Double Helix(beta)")
{
if(hole == "Yes")
{
hole();
}
else
{
double_helix();
}
}
else if (type == "Single Helix")
{
if(hole == "Yes")
{
hole();
}
else
{
single_helix();
}
}

module gear(number_of_teeth,
		circular_pitch=false, diametral_pitch=false,
		pressure_angle=20, clearance = 0)
{

	//Convert diametrial pitch to our native circular pitch
	circular_pitch = (circular_pitch!=false?circular_pitch:180/diametral_pitch);

	// Pitch diameter: Diameter of pitch circle.
	pitch_diameter  =  number_of_teeth * circular_pitch / 180;
	pitch_radius = pitch_diameter/2;

	// Base Circle
	base_diameter = pitch_diameter*cos(pressure_angle);
	base_radius = base_diameter/2;

	// Diametrial pitch: Number of teeth per unit length.
	pitch_diametrial = number_of_teeth / pitch_diameter;

	// Addendum: Radial distance from pitch circle to outside circle.
	addendum = 1/pitch_diametrial;

	//Outer Circle
	outer_radius = pitch_radius+addendum;
	outer_diameter = outer_radius*2;

	// Dedendum: Radial distance from pitch circle to root diameter
	dedendum = addendum + clearance;

	// Root diameter: Diameter of bottom of tooth spaces.
	root_radius = pitch_radius-dedendum;
	root_diameter = root_radius * 2;

	half_thick_angle = 360 / (4 * number_of_teeth);

	union()
	{
		rotate(half_thick_angle) circle($fn=number_of_teeth*2, r=root_radius*1.001);

		for (i= [1:number_of_teeth])
		//for (i = [0])
		{
			rotate([0,0,i*360/number_of_teeth])
			{
				involute_gear_tooth(
					pitch_radius = pitch_radius,
					root_radius = root_radius,
					base_radius = base_radius,
					outer_radius = outer_radius,
					half_thick_angle = half_thick_angle);
			}
		}
	}
}

module involute_gear_tooth(
					pitch_radius,
					root_radius,
					base_radius,
					outer_radius,
					half_thick_angle
					)
{
	pitch_to_base_angle  = involute_intersect_angle( base_radius, pitch_radius );

	outer_to_base_angle = involute_intersect_angle( base_radius/2, outer_radius*1);

	base1 = 0 - pitch_to_base_angle - half_thick_angle;
	pitch1 = 0 - half_thick_angle;
	outer1 = outer_to_base_angle - pitch_to_base_angle - half_thick_angle;

	b1 = polar_to_cartesian([ base1, base_radius ]);
	p1 = polar_to_cartesian([ pitch1, pitch_radius ]);
	o1 = polar_to_cartesian([ outer1, outer_radius ]);

	b2 = polar_to_cartesian([ -base1, base_radius ]);
	p2 = polar_to_cartesian([ -pitch1, pitch_radius ]);
	o2 = polar_to_cartesian([ -outer1, outer_radius ]);

	// ( root_radius > base_radius variables )
		pitch_to_root_angle = pitch_to_base_angle - involute_intersect_angle(base_radius, root_radius );
		root1 = pitch1 - pitch_to_root_angle;
		root2 = -pitch1 + pitch_to_root_angle;
		r1_t =  polar_to_cartesian([ root1, root_radius ]);
		r2_t =  polar_to_cartesian([ -root1, root_radius ]);

	// ( else )
		r1_f =  polar_to_cartesian([ base1, root_radius ]);
		r2_f =  polar_to_cartesian([ -base1, root_radius ]);

	if (root_radius > base_radius)
	{
		//echo("true");
		polygon( points = [
			r1_t,p1,o1,o2,p2,r2_t
		], convexity = 3);
	}
	else
	{
		polygon( points = [
			r1_f, b1,p1,o1,o2,p2,b2,r2_f
		], convexity = 3);
	}

}

// Mathematical Functions
//===============

// Finds the angle of the involute about the base radius at the given distance (radius) from it's center.
//source: http://www.mathhelpforum.com/math-help/geometry/136011-circle-involute-solving-y-any-given-x.html

function involute_intersect_angle(base_radius, radius) = sqrt( pow(radius/base_radius,2) - 1);

// Polar coord [angle, radius] to cartesian coord [x,y]

function polar_to_cartesian(polar) = [
	polar[1]*cos(polar[0]),
	polar[1]*sin(polar[0])
];

// Test Cases
//===============

module test_gears()
{
	gear(number_of_teeth=51,circular_pitch=200);
	translate([0, 50])gear(number_of_teeth=17,circular_pitch=200);
	translate([-50,0]) gear(number_of_teeth=17,diametral_pitch=1);
}
module cog()
{
		gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);

}
module single_helix()
{
	translate([50,0]);
	{
	linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
	}
}
module double_helix()
{

linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
	translate([0,0,height]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);

}
module spur()
{

		translate([0,0]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=1);

}

module demo_3d_gears()
{
	//double helical gear
	// (helics don't line up perfectly - for display purposes only ;)
	translate([50,0])
	{
	linear_extrude(height = 10, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=17,diametral_pitch=1);
	translate([0,0,10]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=17,diametral_pitch=1);
	}

	//spur gear
	translate([0,-50]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=17,diametral_pitch=1);

}
module hole() {
   difference() {
if(type == "Spur")
{
translate([0,0]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=1);
}
else if(type == "Cog")
{
gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
}
else if (type == "Double Helix(beta)")
{
linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
	translate([0,0,height]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
}
else if (type == "Single Helix")
{
linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
}
# rotate ([0,0,0]) cylinder (h = height*4, r=holeSize, center = true, $fn=100);
}
}

module test_involute_curve()
{
	for (i=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15])
	{
		translate(polar_to_cartesian([involute_intersect_angle( 0.1,i) , i ])) circle($fn=15, r=0.5);
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm trying to create a customizable 3D model of a gemstone, specifically a brilliant cut diamond, but I want to be able to play with the parameters without completely losing the diamond-like shape. I have a starting point SCAD file (attached), but it's very specific and not very flexible.

Here's what I'm looking for:

**Overall Goal:** A parametric OpenSCAD model of a faceted gemstone that starts with the general shape of a brilliant cut diamond, but allows for significant customization while still maintaining an interesting geometric shape. I understand that moving away from the precise proportions of a brilliant cut will result in something other than a true brilliant cut, but I want a tool to explore these variations.

**Key Parameters I'd like to control:**

*   **`diamond_diameter` (or `dd` in my current file):** The diameter of the diamond at its widest point. I want to be able to easily change the overall size of the gem. I would like it to be possible to express other dimensions relative to this size.
*   **`height_ratio` (or `hr` in my current file):** A ratio that determines the overall height of the gemstone relative to its diameter. For a brilliant cut this is near 0.615, but I want to be able to control this parameter independently of the diameter.
*    **Pavillion angle 1 (`pag1`):** The angle of the first facets of the pavilion.
*    **Pavillion angle 2 (`pag2`):** The angle of the second facets of the pavilion.
*    **Crown angle 3 (`cag3`):** The angle of the first facets of the crown.
*    **Crown angle 4 (`cag4`):** The angle of the second facets of the crown.
*   **Crown angle 5 (`cag5`):** The angle of the third facets of the crown.

**Desired Functionality:**

*   The model should generate a faceted shape that somewhat resembles a diamond with a crown and pavilion, but with the parameters above controlling the general proportions, and angles, of the facets.
*   It should be easy to modify these parameters in the OpenSCAD code to create many different variations on the general diamond shape.
*   I don't need to be married to the specific number of facets that are in the attached SCAD file; more or less would be fine. I do want them evenly distributed around the gem for the most part.  I want to be able to control how many facets there are, but don't need that to be a specific user input.
* The facets should be created using a `difference()` and `cube()` combination like is present in the file I included.
*   I'd like the code to be reasonably well-organized and commented so I can understand how it works and modify it further myself.

**Things I don't need:**

*   I don't need the model to be physically accurate in terms of light refraction or anything like that. I'm primarily interested in the geometric form.
*   I don't need any specific libraries, I'd prefer just basic OpenSCAD primitives.

Essentially, I want a flexible tool to explore gemstone shapes using a brilliant-cut diamond as a starting point. Can you help me with this?

[Assistant]
Diamond.scad:
```
module sea_urchin()
difine();
//valiable data

//Diamond_size_d
dd=20;//[10:40]

//Diamond_hight_retio
hr=0.615;

// ignore variable values
pag1=42.45*1;//Pavillion_angle1
pag2=40.75*1;////Pavillion_angle2
cag3=40.16*1;////Crown_angle3
cag4=34.5*1;////Crown_angle4
cag5=24.35*1;////Crown_angle4
dh=dd*hr;//Diamond_hight_retio

difference() {
			translate([0,0,-dd*0.431])cylinder(h=dh,r=dd/2,$fn=48);
union(){
	for (i = [ 0 : 8-1] ) {
				rotate([0,0,360/8*i]) translate([dd/2,0,-5/cos(pag1)]) rotate([0,90-pag1,0])cube(size=[dd/2,dd/2,1.1*dd], center=true);
							}
for (i = [ 0 : 8-1] ) {
				rotate([0,0,360/8*i+22.5]) translate([dd/2,0,-5/cos(pag1)]) rotate([0,90-pag1,0])cube(size=[dd/2,dd/2,1.1*dd], center=true);
							}
	for (i = [ 0 : 8-1] ) {
				rotate([0,0,360/8*i+11.25]) translate([dd/2,0,-5/cos(pag1)]) rotate([0,90-pag2,0])cube(size=[dd/2,dd/2,dd], center=true);
							}
}
union(){
	for (i = [ 0 : 8-1] ) {
		rotate([0,0,360/8*i]) translate([dd/2,0,5/cos(cag3)]) rotate([0,90-cag3,180])cube(size=[dd/2,dd/2,dd], center=true);
							}
for (i = [ 0 : 8-1] ) {
		rotate([0,0,360/8*i+22.5]) translate([dd/2,0,5/cos(cag3)]) rotate([0,90-cag3,180])cube(size=[dd/2,dd/2,dd], center=true);
							}
}
union(){
	for (i = [ 0 : 4-1] ) {
		rotate([0,0,360/4*i+11.25]) translate([dd/2,0,5/cos(cag4)+0.0085*dd]) rotate([0,90-cag4,180])cube(size=[dd/2,dd/2,dd], center=true);
							}
for (i = [ 0 : 4-1] ) {
		rotate([0,0,360/4*i+11.25+45]) translate([dd/2,0,5/cos(cag4)+0.0085*dd]) rotate([0,90-cag4,180])cube(size=[dd/2,dd/2,dd], center=true);
							}
	for (i = [ 0 : 8-1] ) {
	rotate([0,0,360/8*i-11.25]) translate([dd/2,0,5/cos(cag5)+0.060*dd]) rotate([0,90-cag5,180])cube(size=[dd/2,dd/2,dd], center=true);
							}
		}
			}
module sea_urchin();

```