[User]
Hey, I'm looking to generate a custom webcam cover and need help creating an OpenSCAD file for it. I've been playing around with some existing designs but haven't been able to get the exact fit I need. I'd like something that can be easily adjusted for different webcam sizes and shapes.

Here's what I'm thinking:

**Core Structure:**
*   The cover should consist of two main parts: a base and a sliding piece.
*   The base would be a rounded rectangle, essentially a rectangular shape with rounded ends.
*   The sliding piece would have a matching shape that slides inside the base.
*   I want the slider to cover and uncover the camera when moved.
*   I would like to have a gap between the slider and base, also a small gap between the overlapping parts so it can slide easily.
*   The base will have a rectangular cutout, the slider would be able to move inside.

**Parametric Dimensions:**

*   **`width`**: The overall width of the base cover (including the edges).
*   **`height`**: The overall height of the base cover.
*   **`thickness`**: The thickness of the base.
*   **`border`**: The width of the border or edge of the base that frames the cover.
*   **`camWidth`**: The width of the sliding piece that covers the camera.
*   **`cubic`**:  A boolean value to switch between a rectangular shape with rounded ends (false) and a plain rectangular shape (true).
*   **`stripes`**:  The width of decorative stripes on the sliding piece. This can be set to 0 to not have stripes.
*    **`$fn`**:  The number of facets used for curves, so the user can control the smoothness.
*   **`gap1`**: The horizontal gap between the sliding piece and the cutout in the base where it slides.
*   **`gap2`**: The vertical gap between the overlapping parts of the base.
*    **`gap3`**: The vertical gap between the overlapping parts of the slider.
*   **`under`**: The percentage size difference between the overlapping parts, which will impact the sliding piece's thickness and overall size. It will affect how much the slider overlaps with the base.

**Design Features:**

*   I'd like an option to add a small stripe pattern to the sliding cover to give it some texture.
*   I would like to be able to switch between a rectangular shape with rounded ends for both main parts or just a normal rectangle.
*   The parameters should be easily adjustable so I can tweak the fit.
*   The slider should be able to move inside the cutout of the base.

**Output:**

*   The final output should be an .stl file.
*   I'd like a boolean parameter called `print` to orient the model correctly for printing, specifically rotating it for easy printing without supports.
*   I'd need an echo function so I can see overlapping part thicknesses, as well as camera cover height.

I think that's about it. Could you help me put this into an OpenSCAD file? I don't think I need any external libraries this time, just the standard OpenSCAD language features should suffice.

[Assistant]
webcamCoverGenerator.scad:
```
/* Webcam Cover generator v1.0
 * By: Kleinjoni aka. sneezegray
 *
 * - change the values like you want
 * - render(F6)
 * - look if everything fits, maybe change values again
 * - change print=true
 * - export .stl file
 *
 */
/////////// Settings /////////////
//////////////////////////////////
// print=true putts the parts in printable position
print=false;
// the outer dimmensions
widht=42;
hight=12;
thickness=1;
// the border width
border=2.4;
// the width of the webcam cover
camW=13;
// Design Options
cubic=false;
// stripe widht( 0 if not wanted)
stripes=0.7;
// how facet rich it should be
$fn=50;
// spacing Options
// upper gap
gap1=0.15;
// middel spacing Gap(mostly not necessary)
gap2=0;
// under gap
gap3=0.15;
// The size difference of the overlapping parts (in Procent) .
under=20;
//////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////
diff=under/100;

echo("<b>overlapping downpart thickness:", thickness*diff ,"</b>");
echo("<b>overlapping uperpart thickness:", thickness-thickness*diff-gap2 ,"</b>");
echo("<b>webcam hight :", hight-border*2 ,"</b>");

module rcube(w,h,t,cu) {
union(){
if(cu==false){
w=w-h;
translate([w/2,0,0]) {cylinder(t,h/2,h/2);}
translate([-w/2,0,0]) {cylinder(t,h/2,h/2);}
translate([-w/2,-h/2,0]) {cube([w,h,t]);}
}
if(cu==true){
translate([-w/2,-h/2,0]) {cube([w,h,t]);}
}
}
}
if(print==true){
translate([0,hight,thickness])rotate([180,0,0])
oval();
}
if(print==false){
oval();
}
module oval(){
difference(){
rcube(widht,hight,thickness,cubic);
    union(){
rcube((widht-border*2),(hight-border*2),(thickness),cubic);
rcube((widht-border*2),(hight-border),(thickness*diff+gap2),cubic);
    }
}
}

module linear_array( count, distance ) {
    for ( i= [1:1:count])  {
        translate([distance*i,0,0,])
        children();
    }
}

translate([widht/2-border-camW/2,0,0]) {
difference(){
union(){
rcube((camW-gap1),(hight-border*2-gap1*1.5),(thickness),cubic);
rcube((camW-gap3),(hight-border-gap3),(thickness*diff),cubic);
}
translate([-camW/2-(hight+border)/2+stripes,-hight/2,thickness*((diff-1)*-1)])
linear_array( count=30, distance=2)  cube([stripes,hight+border,1]);

}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a holder for some marker caps, similar to the design by kielerrr on Thingiverse. I need an OpenSCAD design that allows me to adjust the number of caps it holds, the spacing between them, and the dimensions of the base plate and the caps themselves.

Specifically, the design should include:

*   **Marker Caps:** Each cap should be a hollow cylinder with a tapered top. The dimensions of the cylinder and the start of the taper should be parametric.
*   **Cap Layout:** The caps should be arranged in a row, with adjustable spacing between them. The total number of caps in the row should also be adjustable.
*   **Base Plate:** The caps should be mounted on a rectangular base plate. The thickness of the plate, the side margins, the top margin, and the bottom margin should all be adjustable.

I want to be able to control the following parameters (with suggested default values, but these can be easily changed via the customizer):

*   `numberOfCaps` = 6 (number of caps to hold)
*   `spaceBetweenCaps` = 3 (mm, space between the cap cylinders)
*   `basePlateThickness` = 2 (mm)
*   `basePlateSideMargins` = 5 (mm)
*   `basePlateTopMargin` = 5 (mm)
*   `basePlateBottomMargin` = 15 (mm)
*   `capOuterDiameter` = 15 (mm)
*   `capInnerDiameter` = 9 (mm)
*   `capHeight` = 26.8 (mm)
*    `startSlopeHeight` = 22.3 (mm, height where the taper starts)

The units are all in millimeters.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD code to do this? I don't need any external libraries; just plain OpenSCAD.

[Assistant]
holder.scad:
```
$fn=50;

// number of caps
numberOfCaps=6;

// in mm
spaceBetweenCaps=3; //[1:10]

// in mm
basePlateThickness=2; //[1:10]

// in mm
basePlateSideMargins=5; //[1:10]

// in mm
basePlateTopMargin=5; //[1:20]

// in mm
basePlateBottomMargin=15; //[1:50]

// in mm (Leave at 15 for expo)
capOuterDiameter=15; //[1:30]

// in mm (Leave at 9 for expo)
capInnerDiameter=9; //[1:15]

// in mm (Leave at 26.8 for expo)
capHeight=26.8;

// height at which the slope occurs (Leave at 22.3 for expo)
startSlopeHeight=22.3;

module markerCap()
{
	difference()
	{
		difference()
		{
			cylinder(d=capOuterDiameter, h=capHeight);
			cylinder(d=capInnerDiameter, h=capHeight+1); //+1 so it renders pretty
		}

		union(){
			translate([0,0,startSlopeHeight]) cylinder(h=capHeight-startSlopeHeight, d1=capInnerDiameter, d2=capOuterDiameter);
			translate([0,0,capHeight]) cylinder(h=1, d=capOuterDiameter);
		}
	}
}

module setOfMarkerCaps()
{
	for(i = [0:numberOfCaps-1]){
		translate([i*(capOuterDiameter+spaceBetweenCaps),0,0]) markerCap();
	}
}

module basePlate()
{
	basePlateWidth = (numberOfCaps)*(capOuterDiameter+spaceBetweenCaps) - spaceBetweenCaps + (basePlateSideMargins*2);
	basePlateLength = capOuterDiameter + basePlateTopMargin + basePlateBottomMargin;
	cube([basePlateWidth, basePlateLength, basePlateThickness]);
}
module main(){
	basePlate();
	translate([(capOuterDiameter/2)+basePlateSideMargins,(capOuterDiameter/2)+basePlateBottomMargin,0]) setOfMarkerCaps();
}

main();

```


[User]
Hey, I'm working on a wearable art project and I need some help designing a parametric bracelet in OpenSCAD. I have a basic concept and a few ideas, but I'm not great at the coding part of it.

I want the bracelet to be made of individual links that snap together. Each link should be a kind of rounded rectangle with a snapping mechanism on each end, kind of like a simplified version of the links in the bracelet in the provided code, but I want the entire shape and the snap mechanism simplified. The individual links should print pre-assembled, so that each link can move relative to the ones next to it, but still be easily snapped into place to form the full bracelet. The snap mechanism should also act as the closure, which makes adjusting the length of the bracelet really easy.

Ideally, I'd like to control the overall bracelet with a few parameters:
*   `link_thickness`: The thickness of the individual link.
*   `link_length`: The overall length of each link.
*   `link_width`: The width of each link.
*   `snap_tolerance`: The amount of space between the snap components, this should be greater than zero to make the mechanism work.
*   `num_links`: The number of links in the bracelet.

I was also thinking that the corners of the links could be rounded. That would probably be controlled by another parameter called `corner_radius`.

I would like to be able to select the number of links. The snap should be part of the main link design - not a separate module. If you can, please keep the design fairly simple and easy to print. I plan to print it in translucent plastic with no infill, so it should be reasonably sturdy. I would like to use the BOSL2 library if possible for any helper modules.

Can you help me with this? I need an OpenSCAD file, or files, that can generate a bracelet based on these parameters. I'm not sure exactly how to implement the snapping mechanism in OpenSCAD so any help there is appreciated.

[Assistant]
bracelet.scad:
```
// link bracelet

T=4*1;
tol=0.3*1;
L=15*1;
// number of bracelets
m=1;
// number of links per bracelet
n=11;

W=T/sqrt(3);
D=2.5*T+tol;
D2=0.2*T+tol;
pitch=D+D2;

for(i=[0:m-1])translate([2*33*(i-(m-1.5)/2),0,0])links(n);
%cube([220,140,1],center=true);

module links(n=6)
rotate([0,0,90])for(i=[1:n])translate([(i-n/2)*pitch,0,T/2])link();

module link()
render()
intersection(){
    union(){
        R=5*T;
        translate([-R,0,0])rotate_extrude($fn=100)translate([R,0])circle(r=W,$fn=6);
        halfClip();
        mirror([0,1,0])halfClip();
    }
    cube(2*L,center=true);
}

module halfClip()
difference(){
    union(){
        translate([-D,L-W,-T/2])cube([D-1.5*T,W+1,T]);
        translate([-D,L-W+0.01,0])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r1=T/2,r2=0,h=T/2,$fn=12);
        translate([-D,L,0])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=W,h=W,$fn=6);
        translate([-T,L-2*W-tol,-T/2])cube([T,W,T]);
        translate([D2,L-W-tol,0])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=W,h=W,$fn=6);
    }
    translate([D2,L-W-tol+0.01,0])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r1=T/2,r2=0,h=T/2,$fn=12);
    translate([D2,L-W+tol+0.01,0])rotate([45,120,0])
        translate([T/sqrt(2),0,0])cube(T/sqrt(2)*[2,1,1],center=true);
}
```


[User]
Hey there, I'm looking to create a small, parametric magnet clip in OpenSCAD, and I'd love some help designing the code. I've seen some designs out there, but I really want to make sure mine is flexible enough for different magnet sizes and tolerances.

Here's the basic idea: it should be a two-part clip, with a hinge, designed to hold a cylindrical magnet. The first part will have the magnet hole and the hinge, and the second part will have the hinge and a clasping surface to meet the first part. I'd like it to be customizable for magnet diameter, magnet thickness, minimum material thickness, tolerance for magnet fit, clip length, fulcrum position (where the hinge is along the clip length), and the angle of the clip closure.

I was hoping the code would also include a test model, which can be used for finding the correct tolerance. This test model would be a set of ten cubes, each with a cylindrical hole that increases slightly in diameter.

Specifically, I envision the following parameters:

*   **`MagnetDiam`**: The diameter of the magnet.
*   **`MagnetThickness`**: The thickness of the magnet.
*   **`MinThickness`**: The minimum thickness of the clip material.
*   **`Tolerance`**: An integer representing the tolerance for the magnet hole (that is then scaled and offset within the code).
*   **`ClipLength`**: The overall length of the clip.
*   **`FulcrumPosition`**:  A value between 0 and 1 controlling the position of the hinge along the clip.
*   **`Angle`**: The angle the clip closes at, in degrees.
*   **`Model`**: A variable that can be either `"clip"` for the main clip or `"test"` for the test model.

The clip will consist of two main parts: `ClipPart1` and `ClipPart2`. `ClipPart1` will be mostly static and contain one half of the hinge. `ClipPart2` will contain the other half of the hinge and the clasping surface which, due to the hinge, will have a defined angle with the opposing part. The hinge should be constructed using two cylindrical sections.

I think that's most of it.  I'm really trying to be flexible, so I'd prefer if you used simple modules and avoided dependencies on external libraries if possible. I'm hoping you could generate two scad files, one for the main clip and another one for the tolerance testing model. Thanks!

[Assistant]
SmallMagnetClip.scad:
```
// Title: SmallMagnetClip
// Author: http://www.thingiverse.com/Jinja
// Date: 2018-05-12

/////////// START OF PARAMETERS /////////////////

MagnetDiam = 4.8;
MagnetThickness = 2.2;
MinThickness = 0.7;         //[0.5:0.05:1.0]
Tolerance = 5;              //[0:10]
ClipLength = 20;
FulcrumPosition = 0.5;      //[0.0:0.1:1.0]
Angle = 30;                 //[10:5:40]
Model = "clip"; // [clip:The magnet clip,test:The tolerance hole test]

/////////// END OF PARAMETERS /////////////////

$fs=0.3*1;
$fa=6*1; //smooth
//$fa=20; //rough

tolScale = 1.0/20.0;
tolOffset = -0.1 * 1;
gap = ((Tolerance*tolScale)+tolOffset);
rad = (MagnetDiam/2);
clipRad = rad+2;
clipInnerLength = ClipLength-2*clipRad;
holeRad = rad + gap;
magHoleThickness = MagnetThickness + 2*gap;
hingeRad = 1*1;
hingeHoleRad = hingeRad+gap;
ClipThickness = magHoleThickness + MinThickness * 2;
lidFrameHeight = 8*1;

if(Model=="test")
{
    translate([0,ClipThickness*3+3,0]) TestHoles();
}
else
{
    ClipPart1();
    translate([0,ClipThickness+3,0]) ClipPart2();
}

module ClipPart1()
{
    offset1 = clipInnerLength*FulcrumPosition;
    difference()
    {
        SimpleClipPart2b();
        translate([offset1,0,-clipRad-1])
        cylinder(clipRad*2+2,hingeRad,hingeRad);
    }
}

module ClipPart2()
{
    angle = Angle;
    offset1 = clipInnerLength*FulcrumPosition;
    offset2 = 0.0;
    difference()
    {
        SimpleClipPart2();
        translate([ClipLength*0.5+offset1+offset2,0,0])
        cube([ClipLength,ClipLength,ClipLength],true);
    }
    translate([offset1,-ClipThickness,0])
    rotate([0,0,angle])
    translate([-offset1,ClipThickness,0])
    difference()
    {
        SimpleClipPart2();
        translate([-ClipLength*0.5+offset1-offset2,0,0])
        cube([ClipLength,ClipLength,ClipLength],true);
    }
    translate([offset1,-ClipThickness,-clipRad])
    cylinder(clipRad*2,hingeRad,hingeRad);
}

module SimpleClipPart2()
{

    difference()
    {
        rotate([90,0,0])
        hull()
        {
            cylinder(ClipThickness, clipRad,clipRad);
            translate([clipInnerLength,0,0])
            cylinder(ClipThickness, clipRad,clipRad);
        }
        translate([0,-magHoleThickness*0.5 - MinThickness,-1])
        cube([holeRad*2,magHoleThickness,clipRad*2+3], true);
    }
}

module SimpleClipPart2b()
{

    difference()
    {
        rotate([90,0,0])
        hull()
        {
            cylinder(ClipThickness, clipRad,clipRad);
            translate([clipInnerLength,0,0])
            cylinder(ClipThickness, clipRad,clipRad);
        }
        translate([0,-magHoleThickness*0.5 - MinThickness,-1])
        cube([holeRad*2,magHoleThickness,clipRad*2+3], true);
    }
}

module TestHoles()
{
    biggap = ((10*tolScale)+tolOffset);
    outLength = MagnetDiam + 3 + biggap;
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            for(tol=[0:1:10])
            {
                gap = ((tol*tolScale)+tolOffset);
                holeThick = MagnetThickness + 2*gap;
                outThick = holeThick + MinThickness * 2;
                holeLength = MagnetDiam + 2*gap;
                hingeHoleRad = hingeRad+gap;

                translate([tol*outLength,0,0])
                cube([outLength,outThick,clipRad*2]);
            }
        }

        for(tol=[0:1:10])
        {
            gap = ((tol*tolScale)+tolOffset);
            holeThick = MagnetThickness + 2*gap;
            outThick = holeThick + MinThickness * 2;
            holeLength = MagnetDiam + 2*gap;
            hingeHoleRad = hingeRad+gap;

            translate([1.5,0,0])
            translate([tol*outLength,MinThickness,-1])
            cube([holeLength, holeThick, clipRad*2+2]);
        }
    }
}

module HHole(depth, rad)
{
    b = 0.5;
    bezel = min(b, depth);
    translate([0,0,-0.01])
    cylinder(0.015, rad+bezel, rad+bezel);
    cylinder(bezel, rad+bezel, rad);
    if(depth>b)
    {
        translate([0,0,bezel-0.01])
        cylinder(depth-bezel, rad, rad);
    }
}

module VHole(depth, rad)
{
    rotate([90,0,0])
    cylinder(depth, rad, rad);
    rotate([0,-45,0])
    translate([0,-depth,0])
    cube([rad, depth, rad]);
}

```


[User]
I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD design for a finger ring sizer template. The template should consist of a grid of square cutouts, each containing a circle of a specific diameter corresponding to a common ring size.

Here are the specifics:

*   **Ring Diameters:** The smallest ring size should have a diameter of 15.5mm, and the largest should be 24mm. The diameter of each ring cutout should increase in steps of 0.5mm.
*   **Layout:** The cutouts should be arranged in a grid, with 3 columns. The number of rows should be automatically calculated based on the number of sizes and the specified number of columns.
*   **Cutout Size:** Each cutout should be a square, and needs to be large enough to easily contain the largest ring diameter plus some extra space. The square should be large enough to also allow for a text label. Let's say that the squares have a side length of the maximum diameter (24mm) + 2.5mm of spacing on each side. Additionally, there needs to be 10mm of additional height on top of the circle for the label.
*   **Spacing:** There should be 2.5mm of spacing between the edges of each square in the X and Y directions.
*   **Labeling:** Each circle should have a text label indicating its diameter. The text should be centered above the circle inside the square, and should use a stencil font called "Ruler Stencil".
*   **Height:** The entire template should be extruded to a height of 3mm.

The main parameters should be easily customizable, specifically:

*   `DIA_MIN`: Minimum ring diameter (default 15.5mm)
*   `DIA_MAX`: Maximum ring diameter (default 24mm)
*   `DIA_STEP`: Increment for ring diameters (default 0.5mm)
*   `COLUMNS`: Number of columns in the grid (default 3)
*  `HEIGHT`: Height of the extruded template (default 3mm)
*   `FONT`: Font for labels (default "Ruler Stencil")
*   `SPACE_X`: Spacing between squares along X axis
*   `SPACE_Y`: Spacing between squares along Y axis

I'd also like the code to calculate the number of rows needed dynamically based on the total number of sizes and the number of columns, rather than hardcoding it. I think you'll need a `ceil()` function.

Also, it would be great if it could use a font like "Ruler Stencil" - if you don't have that exact font, a similar stencil font would be fine, as long as it is easy to swap out to another font.

I'm not using any libraries and would prefer not to unless it becomes necessary.

[Assistant]
fingerring_template.scad:
```
DIA_MIN = 15.5;
DIA_MAX = 24;
DIA_STEP = 0.5;

COLUMNS = 3;

HEIGHT = 3;

FONT="Ruler Stencil";
//FONT="Taurus Mono Stencil:style=Bold";
SPACE_X=2.5;
SPACE_Y=2.5;
$fn=128;
holes = (DIA_MAX-DIA_MIN) / DIA_STEP;
holes_row = ceil(holes/COLUMNS);
echo (holes, holes_row);

module template(dia) {
    difference(){
        square([DIA_MAX+SPACE_X, DIA_MAX+SPACE_Y+10]);
        union() {
            translate([(DIA_MAX+SPACE_X)/2, (DIA_MAX+SPACE_Y)/2]){
                circle(d=dia);
                translate([0,DIA_MAX/2+5]) {
                    text(str(dia), font=FONT, valign="center", halign="center", size=5);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

linear_extrude(HEIGHT) {
    for (step=[0:holes]){
        yPos=floor(step/holes_row)*(DIA_MAX+SPACE_Y+10);
        translate([(step%6)*(DIA_MAX+SPACE_X),yPos,0]) {
            template(DIA_MIN+(step*DIA_STEP));
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey there, I'm looking to create a customizable binning strip generator, similar to what you'd find in drawers to hold dividers. I've got an idea of the basic structure, but need help getting the OpenSCAD code written.

Essentially, I need a strip with a series of equally spaced "slots" for dividers. Each slot will have a slightly angled profile cut into it. I need to be able to control a bunch of things, so I'll list them out.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to adjust:

*   **Divider Width (A):** The width of the divider that fits into the slot.
*   **Divider Depth (B):** The depth of the divider slot.
*   **Slot Spacing (C):** The distance between the divider slots, which is essentially the material thickness between them.
*   **Strip Height (H):** The total height of the binning strip.
*   **Tape Thickness (T):** The thickness of the "tape" at the bottom of the strip that holds everything together, this could be the actual tape to be used to secure the strip, or just be modeled as part of the strip.
*   **Number of Dividers (N):** The total number of divider slots in a strip.
*   **Cutoff Angle (P):** The angle of the chamfer/cutoff at the top of the divider slots.
*   **Chamfer Rise (b):** The vertical rise of the chamfer on the divider slot.
*   **Chamfer Run (a):** The horizontal run of the chamfer on the divider slot.

The basic structure consists of a base "tape" and a series of divider slots placed at regular intervals on top of it. Each slot has a simple rectangular profile with a chamfer at the bottom, and then is cut off at an angle from the top.

I'd like the code to be fully parametric so I can easily adjust these values and generate different strips as needed. I'd be happy with either a single .scad file or multiple as needed. I'd prefer if you used comments liberally, I find they help a lot! I am not using any external libraries so you should not use any either.

[Assistant]
Binning_Strips.scad:
```
//    |<-A->|
//     _____       _______
//    |     |<-C->|     ||
//    |     |     |     |B
//    |     |     |     ||
// ---       -----       ---

// Width of divider in mm
A = 6.4;
// Depth of divider in mm
B = 4;
// Distance between dividers (material thickness) in mm
C = 6.4; // Distance between dividers (material thickness)

// Total height of binning strip in mm
H = 25;
// Thickness of 'Tape' holding diviers together in mm
T = 0.4;
// Total number of dividers
N = 16;
// Cutoff angle
P = 30;

//    __________|a|
//    |   /     \ |
//    b  /       \|
//    |_/         \
//      |         |
//      |         |
//      |         |
// -----           ------

// rise of divider chamfer in mm
b = 2;
// run of divider chamfer slope in mm
a = 1;

// generate the tape
translate([0,0,-T]) cube([(N)*(A+C)-C,H,T]);

//generate the dividers
for(i=[0:1:N-1])
    translate([i*(A+C),0,0]) divider_element(H, A, B, b, a, P);

// module to make the divider shape
module divider_element(height, width, depth, rise, run, angle){
    difference(){
        translate ([0,height,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) linear_extrude(height, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = 0){
            polygon([[0,0],[0,depth-rise],[run,depth],[width-run,depth],[width,depth-rise],[width,0],[0,0]]);
        }
        // cutoff the top
        rotate([angle,0,0]) cube([width,height,depth]);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I need some help designing a part in OpenSCAD. I've got a basic idea, but I'm not sure how to make it fully parametric and I need to be able to adjust a few more things than in my original attempt. I've made an attempt but it isn't quite right.

The part is essentially a rectangular plate with rounded corners, and it has two nubbins sticking up from the top surface. I'd also like to include a logo that's extruded out on the same plane as the nubbins. Here are the specific parameters that I need to be able to control:

*   **plate_width:** The width of the rectangular plate.
*   **plate_length:** The length of the rectangular plate.
*   **plate_thickness:** The thickness of the plate.
*   **plate_border_radius:** The radius of the rounded corners of the plate.
*   **nubbin_outer_diameter:** The outer diameter of each nubbin.
*   **nubbin_inner_diameter:** The inner diameter of the hole in each nubbin.
*   **nubbin_height:** The height of the nubbins.
*   **nubbin_space:** The distance between the centers of the two nubbins. The plate should be centered around the nubbins.
*   **logo_file:** The path to a DXF file for the logo.
*   **logo_scale:** A single scale factor to scale up or down the logo uniformly, as the import process results in a logo that's too small without scaling.
*  **logo_x_offset:** The x-offset of the logo, relative to the center of the nubbin spacing
*   **logo_y_offset:** The y-offset of the logo, relative to the center of the nubbin spacing.
*   **logo_extrude_height:** The extrusion height of the logo.
*   **enable_logo:** A boolean to turn the logo on or off.

I think that should be it. I'd also like the option to have the nubbins as solid cylinders, meaning no hole through the middle. I'd like to be able to set the inner diameter to zero to achieve this, but otherwise it should be an easy change to implement. It'd also be useful if the file makes use of a library so I don't have to rewrite the rounded-rectangle functionality myself. It would probably also be good to have the part centered at the origin, and not have everything offset. So, can you please generate the OpenSCAD file(s) to achieve this design, making sure it's all parametric? I'd prefer if you use the BOSL2 library if possible.

[Assistant]
front-plate-delete.scad:
```
$fn=40;

nubbinSpace = 210.5;
nubbinOuterDiameter = 8.9;
nubbinHeight = 5;
plateLength = 56;
plateWidth = 250;
plateThickness = 3;
plateBorderRadius = 3;
enableLogo = true;
module nubbin()
{
	difference()
	{
		cylinder(h=nubbinHeight, d=nubbinOuterDiameter);
		translate([0,0,-.5]) cylinder(h=nubbinHeight+1, d=6);
	}
}

module plate()
{
	//cube([plateWidth, plateLength, plateThickness]);
	hull()
	{
		translate([plateBorderRadius,plateBorderRadius,0]) cylinder(r=3, h=plateThickness);
		translate([plateWidth-plateBorderRadius,plateBorderRadius,0]) cylinder(r=3, h=plateThickness);
		translate([plateWidth-plateBorderRadius,plateLength-plateBorderRadius,0]) cylinder(r=3, h=plateThickness);
		translate([plateBorderRadius,plateLength-plateBorderRadius,0]) cylinder(r=3, h=plateThickness);
	}
}
module logo()
{
	linear_extrude(height=15) import(file="wrx.dxf", origin = [15,2.6]);
}
	nubbin();
	translate([nubbinSpace,0,0]) nubbin();

difference()
{
	translate([-(plateWidth-nubbinSpace)/2,-plateLength/2,nubbinHeight]) plate();

	if(enableLogo)
	{
		translate([nubbinSpace/2,0,0]) scale([4,4,1]) logo();
	}

}
```


[User]
I'm looking to design a mount for a red dot laser combiner for my K40 laser cutter, and I'd like it to be parametric so I can adjust it for different setups. I've seen some designs on Thingiverse, but I want to create one that's more flexible and based on a few key measurements I've already made. Specifically, I want it to work with the common type of beam combiner that has a cylindrical body, a flange, and a small lens opening for the combined beam. I'm already familiar with OpenSCAD.

Here are the main features I'd like:

1.  **A Base Mount:** This part will attach to the back of the K40 laser cutter, covering the large hole for the main laser beam. It needs to have a hole for the combined red dot and laser beam to pass through, and should include holes for mounting to the laser cutter frame itself. I already know the diameter of the main hole in the K40 is roughly 50mm, and can adjust this.
2.  **A Lens Mount:** This is a separate part that will hold the beam combiner. The combiner is cylindrical, with a flange and small opening. This part needs to have an adjustable mount using two pairs of screws, one pair to hold the combiner and the other to push against the combiner. This should be able to rotate.
3. **Adjustable Positioning:** The position of the combiner relative to the base mount should be fully adjustable via parameters. I need to be able to input the X and Y offset of the combined laser beam, relative to the main laser beam hole in the back of the K40.

For the parameters, I'm thinking I need things like:

*   `laserBeamOD`: Diameter of the combined laser beam (both red dot and main laser).
*   `largeBeamHoleOD`: Diameter of the main beam hole in the K40.
*  `holeFlangeW`: Width of the flange on the base mount.
*  `holePlugH`: Height of the main plug section on the base mount.
*   `combinerOD`: Outer diameter of the cylindrical body of the beam combiner.
*   `combinerMountH`: Total height of the lens mount.
*   `combinerMountOD`: Outer diameter of the lens mount.
*  `combinerMountFlangeOD`: Diameter of the lens mount flange.
* `combinerMountFlangeH`: Height of the lens mount flange.
*   `combinerMountOpeningOD`: Diameter of the combined laser beam exit hole on the lens mount.
*   `beamExitX`: X coordinate of the combined beam exit hole, relative to the center of the main beam hole on the K40 base.
*   `beamExitY`: Y coordinate of the combined beam exit hole, relative to the center of the main beam hole on the K40 base.

I'd also like to have the option to generate just the base mount, or just the lens mount, or both as separate parts. Perhaps a boolean variable like `bothParts` and an enum like `part`.

I'm going to need to use the `MCAD` library.

Can you generate an OpenSCAD file (or files) for this? I don't have specific dimensions for the combiner mount, so maybe you can add some parameters for the screw placement and sizes, too. I also think the mounting method might require a bit of thinking, so let me know if you have any ideas.

[Assistant]
k40CombinerMount.scad:
```
// red dot laser and IR laser combiner mount for K40 laser cutters
// by DOug LaRue
//
// MCAD package source: https://github.com/elmom/MCAD
include <MCAD/regular_shapes.scad>;

/* [Hidden] */
laserBeamOD=5;
largeBeamHoleOD=49.8;  // measured
holeFlangeW=5;
holePlugH=2;
combinerOD=25;
combinerMountH=5.5;  // total height of mount
combinerMountOD=28;  // outside of metal mount
combinerMountFlangeOD=40;  // outside of metal mount flange
//combinerMountFlangeOD=37;  // smaller mount - outside of metal mount flange
combinerMountFlangeH=2;
combinerMountOpeningOD=22.5; // visible usable area
$fn=50;

/* [Beam Exit X, measured from Left] */
beamExitX=33.3; // /*[15:45]*/
/* [Beam Exit Y, measured from Bottom] */
beamExitY=23.4; // /*[40:-40]*/

//translate([largeBeamHoleOD,0,0])
//lensMount();
/* [Show One part or Both parts] */
bothParts=true; // /* [true,false] */
/* [Select holeFiller or lensHolder part] */
part="lensHolder"; // [holeFiller,lensHolder]

if ( part == "holeFiller" || bothParts == true ) {
  holeFillerAssembly();
}
if ( part == "lensHolder" || bothParts == true ) {
  lensHolderAssembly();
}

lensHolderAssembly();

module holeFillerAssembly(){
 twoPartHoleOD=2.8;  // m3 screw size
 twoPartPinOD=2.2;   // pins to go in 3.2mm hole in the lensHolderAssembly
 union(){
   difference(){
     holeMount();
     //m3 mounting holes from laser tube area
       //#translate([10,-18,0])   cylinder(r=twoPartHoleOD/2,h=10,center=false);
       //#translate([10,15,0]) cylinder(r=twoPartHoleOD/2,h=10,center=false);
     //m3 mounting holes accessable from bed area
       #translate([-10,-18,0])   cylinder(r=twoPartHoleOD/2,h=10,center=false);
       #translate([-10,15,0]) cylinder(r=twoPartHoleOD/2,h=10,center=false);
   }
    //m3 mounting holes from laser tube area
    translate([10,-18,0])   cylinder(r=twoPartPinOD/2,h=5,center=false);
    translate([10,15,0]) cylinder(r=twoPartPinOD/2,h=5,center=false);
 }
}

module lensHolderAssembly(){
    twoPartHoleOD=3.2; //clearance
    //if( bothParts == true ) translate([0,0,10])
    difference() {  // two m3 screw holes
    // add a thin flange
    translate([beamExitX-largeBeamHoleOD/2,beamExitY-largeBeamHoleOD/2,0])
      rotate([0,0,-90])
        union() {
           lensTube();
           translate([0,-8.5,1])rotate([180,0,0])oval_tube(1,25,31,13,center=false);
        }
    //m3 mounting holes
      #translate([10,-18,0])   cylinder(r=twoPartHoleOD/2,h=10,center=false);
      #translate([10,15,0]) cylinder(r=twoPartHoleOD/2,h=10,center=false);
    //m3 mounting holes accessable from bed area
      #translate([-10,-18,0])   cylinder(r=twoPartHoleOD/2,h=10,center=false);
      #translate([-10,15,0]) cylinder(r=twoPartHoleOD/2,h=10,center=false);
  }
}

module lensTube() {
  tubeW=8; // tube of wall thickness
  ovalH=70;

  laserDiodeOD=9.0; //was 8.93
  diodeMountW=laserDiodeOD+tubeW;
  diodeMountL=12;
  diodeMountH=40;
  //%translate([0,0,20]) rotate([45,0,0]) lensMount();
  %translate([0,0,20+3]) rotate([45,0,0]) rotate([180,0,0])lensMount();

  union() {
  difference(){
    union(){
      translate([0,1,0])
      oval_tube(ovalH,combinerMountFlangeOD/2,combinerMountFlangeOD/2-5,center=true);
    }
      translate([0,1,0])
      oval_tube(ovalH,-tubeW+combinerMountFlangeOD/2,-tubeW+combinerMountFlangeOD/2-5,center=true);
    translate([0,0,20]) rotate([45,0,0])
      cylinder(r=combinerMountFlangeOD,h=25);
    // laser diode hole
      %translate([0,-18,20+3]) rotate([45,0,0])
        rotate([45,0,0]) cylinder(r=1,h=35, center=true);
    // lens mount
    translate([0,0,20+3]) rotate([45,0,0]) rotate([180,0,0])lensMount();
    translate([0,0,20+3]) rotate([45,0,0]) rotate([180,0,0]) cylinder(r=.5+combinerMountOD/2, h=combinerMountH+2);
  }
  //translate([-7,10,0])cube([diodeMountW,diodeMountL,diodeMountH],center=false);
    rotate([0,0,180])translate([-diodeMountW/2,12,0])cube([diodeMountW,diodeMountL,8],center=false);
    difference(){
      rotate([0,0,180])translate([-diodeMountW/2,15,0])cube([diodeMountW,diodeMountL,  diodeMountH-10],center=false);
      // laser diode hole
      translate([0,-20,20+3]) rotate([45,0,0])
        rotate([45,0,0]) cylinder(r=laserDiodeOD/2,h=20, center=true);
    }
    // thin wall support to help with the laser diode mounting hole
      rotate([0,0,180])translate([-diodeMountW/2,15.5,0])cube([diodeMountW,.5,  diodeMountH-10],center=false);
      rotate([0,0,180])translate([-diodeMountW/2,26.0,0])cube([diodeMountW,.5,  diodeMountH-10],center=false);

  }
}
module holeMount() {
  union(){ //flange
    difference() {
      cylinder(r=largeBeamHoleOD/2, h=holePlugH, center=false);
      #translate([beamExitX-largeBeamHoleOD/2,beamExitY-largeBeamHoleOD/2,0])  cylinder(r=laserBeamOD/2, h=55, center=false);
      %translate([beamExitX-largeBeamHoleOD/2,beamExitY-largeBeamHoleOD/2,-20])  cylinder(r=1, h=100, center=false);
      translate([beamExitX-largeBeamHoleOD/2,beamExitY-largeBeamHoleOD/2,holePlugH-2]) cylinder(r=combinerMountOD/2, h=2, center=false);
    }

    difference() { // flange ring
      cylinder(r=holeFlangeW+largeBeamHoleOD/2, h=1, center=false);
      cylinder(r=largeBeamHoleOD/2-1, h=holePlugH, center=false);
      //flange holes lower and left
      #translate([0,holeFlangeW/2-(holeFlangeW+largeBeamHoleOD/2),0])   cylinder(r=1,h=15,center=false);
      #translate([holeFlangeW/2-(holeFlangeW+largeBeamHoleOD/2),0,0]) cylinder(r=1,h=15,center=false);
      //flange holes upper and right
      #translate([0,(holeFlangeW+largeBeamHoleOD/2)-holeFlangeW/2,0])   cylinder(r=1,h=15,center=false);
      #translate([(holeFlangeW+largeBeamHoleOD/2)-holeFlangeW/2,0,0]) cylinder(r=1,h=15,center=false);
    }
  }
}

module lensMount() {
  rotate([0,0,45])
  union(){
  difference() { //hollow out for the lens
    union() {
        cylinder(r=combinerMountFlangeOD/2, h=combinerMountFlangeH);
        cylinder(r=combinerMountOD/2, h=combinerMountH);
    }
    cylinder(r=combinerMountOpeningOD/2,h=combinerMountH);
    cylinder(r=1+combinerOD/2,h=combinerMountH-combinerMountFlangeH);
  }
  // flange mount holes
  combinerMountFlangeOD=37;  // smaller mount - outside of metal mount flange
  combinerMountScrewOD=1.8;
  combinerMountScrewL=12;
  //right side
  translate([(combinerMountFlangeOD/2)-2,0,0])cylinder(r=combinerMountScrewOD/2,h=combinerMountScrewL,center=false);
  // left side
  translate([-(combinerMountFlangeOD/2)+2,0,0])cylinder(r=combinerMountScrewOD/2,h=combinerMountScrewL,center=false);
  }

}
```


[User]
Hi there, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a parametric clip that can attach to a bar, specifically for a bike pannier. I'd like to be able to adjust the width and height of the clip, the thickness of the walls, the diameter of the bar it's supposed to clip onto, and also the size of the little "nub" that helps it snap on and off.

I've got some very specific dimensions I'd like to be able to configure:

*   `clipWidth`: How wide the main part of the clip is.
*   `clipHeight`: How tall the main part of the clip is.
*   `plateThickness`: The thickness of the material used to make the clip's walls.
*   `barSize`: The diameter of the bar the clip will be grabbing onto.
*   `nubSize`: The size (radius) of the small bump that makes the clip more secure.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code that would do this? I'm not using any particular libraries, but if you need any to do this I'm open to it.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
Parametric_Pannier_Clip.scad:
```
// How wide should the clip be?
clipWidth = 25;

// How high should the clip be?
clipHeight = 50;

// How thick should the walls be?
plateThickness = 4;

// What diameter bar is the clip clipping onto?
barSize = 12.5;

// How big of a "nub"? (for snapping on/off)
nubSize = 2;

difference() {
    union() {
        // plate
        cube([clipHeight, plateThickness, clipWidth]);

        // top of clip
        cube([(plateThickness + (barSize/2)), (plateThickness * 2 + barSize), clipWidth]);

        // inside of clip
        translate([0, barSize + plateThickness, 0])
            cube([clipHeight, plateThickness, clipWidth]);
        translate([plateThickness + barSize, barSize + plateThickness, 0])
            cylinder($fn=32, h=clipWidth, r=nubSize);
    }

    translate([plateThickness + (barSize/2), plateThickness + (barSize/2), -1])
        cylinder($fn=32, h=(clipWidth + 2), d=barSize);
    translate([clipHeight, 0, -1])
        rotate(a=[0, 0, 45])
        cube([clipHeight, clipHeight, clipWidth+2]);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to generate an OpenSCAD design for a hole size tester, similar to the one I've been using, but I'd like to make it more flexible. I'll describe the features I want below.

The basic idea is a rectangular block with two rows of holes. Each row will contain a series of holes that increase in diameter. One row will use regular circular cylinders for the holes, and the other will use a polygonal approximation of a circle (a "polyhole") to see the difference.

I'd like to be able to set these parameters:
*   The text title for the tester. This should be printed on the top of the block.
*   The number of holes in each row.
*   The diameter of the smallest hole in each row.
*   The amount that the diameter of each subsequent hole increases.
*   The thickness of the block.
*   The minimum spacing between holes.
*   The minimum spacing between rows.
*   The edge size around the hole grid
*   Whether the polygon approximation of the circle should be used, and where it should be used.

In addition, the tester should label each hole with its diameter on top of the block using linear extrusions of text. Every other hole should be labeled. There should also be a large label at the top that uses the user-defined title. The text height for all labels should be adjustable.

The design also needs to do some basic sanity checks. The hole count must be an integer greater than 2. The hole diameters and diameter increase must be numbers greater than zero.

I'd like for the code to include a debug module to help the user understand the generated dimensions.

I think that covers it! I'd appreciate it if you could write an OpenSCAD file (or files) that do this. I'm not really sure about the best way to structure it - so feel free to organize it as you see fit. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Hole_Size_Tester.scad:
```
// [* Options *]
// What title should be printed?
title_text = "FILAMENT HOLE SIZE TESTER";
// How many holes of each type should be printed?
holes_per_row = 17; // [5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21]
// What diameter should the smallest hole of each type be, in millimeters?
smallest_hole_diameter = 2.90;
// How much larger than the previous hole should each hole be, in millimeters?
per_hole_diameter_increase = 0.05;
// [* Hidden *]

// Convert strings to floating point for compatibility with Customizer
function atoi(str, base=10, i=0, nb=0) =
	i == len(str) ? (str[0] == "-" ? -nb : nb) :
	i == 0 && str[0] == "-" ? atoi(str, base, 1) :
	atoi(str, base, i + 1,
		nb + search(str[i], "0123456789ABCDEF")[0] * pow(base, len(str) - i - 1));

function substr(str, pos=0, len=-1, substr="") =
	len == 0 ? substr :
	len == -1 ? substr(str, pos, len(str)-pos, substr) :
	substr(str, pos+1, len-1, str(substr, str[pos]));

function atof(str) = len(str) == 0 ? 0 : let( expon1 = search("e", str), expon = len(expon1) ? expon1 : search("E", str)) len(expon) ? atof(substr(str,pos=0,len=expon[0])) * pow(10, atoi(substr(str,pos=expon[0]+1))) : let( multiplyBy = (str[0] == "-") ? -1 : 1, str = (str[0] == "-" || str[0] == "+") ? substr(str, 1, len(str)-1) : str, decimal = search(".", str), beforeDecimal = decimal == [] ? str : substr(str, 0, decimal[0]), afterDecimal = decimal == [] ? "0" : substr(str, decimal[0]+1) ) (multiplyBy * (atoi(beforeDecimal) + atoi(afterDecimal)/pow(10,len(afterDecimal))));

function aorftof(numorstr) = (numorstr + 1 == undef) ? atof(numorstr) : numorstr;
function aoritoi(numorstr) = (numorstr + 1 == undef) ? atoi(numorstr) : numorstr;

title_text_param = title_text;
holes_per_row_param = aoritoi(holes_per_row);
smallest_hole_diameter_param = aorftof(smallest_hole_diameter);
per_hole_diameter_increase_param = aorftof(per_hole_diameter_increase);

// Blank space at each edge of the block
edge_size = 4.0 + 0;
between_hole_minimum_spacing = 2.5 + 0;
between_row_minimum_spacing = 5.0 + 0;

largest_hole_diameter = smallest_hole_diameter_param + ((holes_per_row_param - 1) * per_hole_diameter_increase_param);

// Spacing between center of one hole and center of the next
hole_spacing_x = largest_hole_diameter + between_hole_minimum_spacing;
hole_spacing_y = largest_hole_diameter + between_row_minimum_spacing;

block_thickness = 8.0 + 0;

// X-coordinate of the center of the first hole in each row
first_hole_center_x = -((holes_per_row_param - 1) * hole_spacing_x) / 2;
// X-coordinate of the center of the last hole in each row
last_hole_center_x = -first_hole_center_x;

text_row_ysize = 8.0 + 0;
text_height = 0.8 + 0;

// Using this holes should come out approximately right when printed
module polyhole(h, d) {
    n = max(round(2 * d),3);
    rotate([0,0,180])
        cylinder(h = h, r = (d / 2) / cos (180 / n), $fn = n);
}

function hole_center_x(idx_hole) = first_hole_center_x + (hole_spacing_x * idx_hole);
function hole_diameter(idx_hole, smallest_hole_diameter_param) = smallest_hole_diameter_param + (per_hole_diameter_increase_param * idx_hole);

// Leftmost edge of the hole grid
hole_grid_xmin = hole_center_x(0) - (smallest_hole_diameter_param / 2);
// Rightmost edge of the hole grid
hole_grid_xmax = hole_center_x(holes_per_row_param-1) + (largest_hole_diameter / 2);
// Topmost edge of the hole grid
hole_grid_ymax = (hole_spacing_y / 2) + (largest_hole_diameter / 2);
// Bottommost edge of the hole grid
hole_grid_ymin = -(hole_spacing_y / 2) - (largest_hole_diameter / 2);

module holerow(use_polyholes, hole_center_y) {
    for(idx_hole = [0 : holes_per_row_param - 1]) {
        translate([hole_center_x(idx_hole),hole_center_y,0]) {
            d = hole_diameter(idx_hole, smallest_hole_diameter_param);
            if (use_polyholes > 0) {
                polyhole(h=block_thickness + 0.001, d=d);
            } else {
                cylinder(h=block_thickness + 0.001, r=d/2, $fn=48);
            }
        }
    }
}

module allholerows() {
    holerow(0, hole_spacing_y / 2);
    holerow(1, -hole_spacing_y / 2);
}

function textextrusionheight(text_height) = text_height + 0.001;

module label(smallest_hole_diameter, text_center_y) {
    hole_skip = 2 + 0; // Label only every other hole between the first and last
    for(idx_hole = [0 : hole_skip : holes_per_row_param - 1]) {
        labeltext = str(hole_diameter(idx_hole, smallest_hole_diameter));
        xsizemax = min(hole_spacing_x * 1.7, 4 * len(labeltext));
        echo(labeltext, xsizemax);
        translate([hole_center_x(idx_hole), text_center_y, block_thickness - 0.001]) {
            resize([xsizemax, 0, 0], auto=false)
            {
                linear_extrude(height=textextrusionheight(text_height)) {
                    text(text=labeltext, size=4, halign="center", valign="center");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module mainlabel(labeltext, text_center_y)
{
    xsizemax = min(hole_grid_xmax-hole_grid_xmin - 5, 10*len(labeltext));
    echo(xsizemax);
    translate([(hole_grid_xmin+hole_grid_xmax)/2, text_center_y, block_thickness - 0.001])
    {
        resize([xsizemax, 0, 0], auto=false)
        {
            linear_extrude(height=textextrusionheight(text_height))
            {
                text(text=labeltext, size=5, halign="center", valign="center");
            }
        }
    }
}

module block() {
    block_xmin = hole_grid_xmin - edge_size;
    block_xmax = hole_grid_xmax + edge_size;
    block_xsize = block_xmax - block_xmin;
    block_ymax = hole_grid_ymax + edge_size + (2 * text_row_ysize);
    block_ymin = hole_grid_ymin - edge_size;
    block_ysize = block_ymax - block_ymin;
    block_zmax = block_thickness;
    block_zmin = 0;
    block_zsize = block_zmax - block_zmin;
    translate([block_xmin, block_ymin, block_zmin]) {
        cube([block_xsize, block_ysize, block_zsize]);
    }
}

function isdef(x) = (x != undef);
function isnumeric(x) = isdef(x) && ( x + 0 == x);
function isinteger(x) = isdef(x) && ( floor(x) == x) ;
assertions = [
    [ isinteger(holes_per_row_param), "Holes per row must be an integer" ] ,
    [ holes_per_row_param > 2, "Holes per row must be at least 3" ] ,
    [ isnumeric(smallest_hole_diameter_param), "Smallest hole diameter must be a number" ] ,
    [ smallest_hole_diameter_param > 0, "Smallest hole diameter must be greater than zero" ] ,
    [ isnumeric(per_hole_diameter_increase), "Hole diameter increase must be numeric"] ,
    [ per_hole_diameter_increase > 0, "Hole diameter increase must be greater than zero"]
];
module showfailedassertions() {
    for(idx = [0 : len(assertions)-1]) {
        if (!assertions[idx][0]) {
            translate([0, -12*idx, 0]) linear_extrude(height=1) text(text=assertions[idx][1]);
        }
    }
}

function anyassertionfailed(idx = len(assertions)-1) = (!(assertions[idx][0]) ? 1 : (idx <= 0) ? 0 : anyassertionfailed(idx-1));

module debugme(idx, label, val)
{
    * translate([0, -12*idx, 0]) linear_extrude(1) text(text=str(label, " = ", val));
}

if (anyassertionfailed())
{
    showfailedassertions();
}
else
{
    difference() {
       block();
       allholerows();
    }
    label(smallest_hole_diameter_param, hole_grid_ymax + (text_row_ysize / 2));
    mainlabel(title_text_param, hole_grid_ymax + (text_row_ysize * 3 / 2));
}

debugme(0, "Hole_grid_xmin", hole_grid_xmin);
debugme(1, "Hole_grid_xmax", hole_grid_xmax);
debugme(2, "Hole_grid_ymin", hole_grid_ymin);
debugme(3, "Hole_grid_ymax", hole_grid_ymax);
debugme(4, "Hole_center_x(0)", hole_center_x(0));
debugme(5, "Holes_per_row", holes_per_row_param + 0);
debugme(6, "Hole_spacing_x", hole_spacing_x);
debugme(7, "Largest_hole_diameter", largest_hole_diameter);
debugme(8, "Between_hole_minimum_spacing", between_hole_minimum_spacing);
debugme(9, "Smallest_hole_diameter", smallest_hole_diameter_param + 0);
debugme(10, "Perhole_diameter_increase", per_hole_diameter_increase_param + 0);
```


[User]
Hey, so I've got this project I'm working on, and I could really use some help with OpenSCAD. I'm trying to design a replacement foot for some old children's chairs, and I'd like to make it parametric so I can easily adjust it for different chairs I might find in the future.

The basic idea is that the foot has a sort of flared base that transitions to a cylindrical collar that fits over the chair leg. The very end of the cylinder will have a small hole for a bit of a snug fit around the chair leg.

Here's the breakdown of the design and the parameters I'd like:

*   **`leg_diameter`**: The diameter of the chair leg itself. This is the *main* parameter that will need to be easily adjusted, since I'm guessing different chairs might have slightly different leg sizes.
*   **`collar_length`**: The length of the cylindrical part of the foot that slides over the leg.
*   **`collar_thickness`**: The thickness of the walls of the cylindrical collar.
*   **`flare_diameter`**: The diameter of the widest part of the flared base.
*   **`nozzle_diameter`**: The diameter of the small clearance hole at the very end of the cylindrical collar. This will likely be a little bigger than the printer's nozzle.

I think it should look like a sphere has been cut off by a cylinder, and then the cylinder has a hole bored through it. The chair leg fits into the hole. I want the flare to blend smoothly into the cylinder. The hole through the cylinder doesn't need a flare or anything, it just needs to fit the leg of the chair.

I want to be able to adjust all of those parameters, and I'd also like to have `$fn` easily adjustable for print quality. It would be great if you could generate an OpenSCAD file that can do all of that. It doesn't need to use any external libraries, I want to keep it as simple and self-contained as possible.

[Assistant]
chair_foot.scad:
```
leg_diameter = 14.4;

collar_length = 10;
collar_thickness = 1.5;
flare_diameter = 30;

nozzle_diameter = 0.4;

$fn = 360;

rotate([0, 0, 180])
difference() {
    union() {
        resize([0, 0, collar_length]) sphere(d = flare_diameter);
        cylinder(d1 = flare_diameter, d2 = leg_diameter + (2 * collar_thickness), h = collar_length);
    }
    cylinder(d = leg_diameter + nozzle_diameter, h = collar_length);
}
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to design a wall-mounted bike rack and I'd like to use OpenSCAD. I have a basic idea from a previous design, but I need to make it parametric so it can accommodate different bikes. The rack will essentially cradle the tire and prevent it from rotating, and a separate rod goes through it to lock the bike in place.

Here are the key dimensions and features:

*   **Tire Size:** I need to be able to adjust for different tire sizes, so I need a parameter for the distance between the outer and inner tire circumference, and some wiggle room; I'll call this `TIRE_SIZE`.
*   **Inner Width:** The width of the tire needs to be adjustable too; call this `INNER_WIDTH`.  Include some extra space for easier mounting.
*   **Height:** I need a parameter for the overall height of the assembly, let's call it `HEIGHT`.
*   **Wall Thickness:**  The side walls should have a thickness that I can configure, so a `SIDE_THICKNESS` parameter.  I'd also like control over the back wall thickness with `BACK_THICKNESS`.
*   **Screws:** The back plate should have two screw holes. I need a `SCREW_SPACING` parameter for the vertical distance of the screws from the top and bottom edges, and `SCREW_RADIUS` to configure the diameter of these holes.
*   **Rod:**  A cylindrical rod passes through the rack to keep the bike secure. I'll need a `ROD_RADIUS` parameter to set its diameter, `ROD_SPACING` to control the distance between the rod hole and the edges, and `ROD_OVERFLOW` to allow for some extra rod length beyond the width of the rack.
*   **Corner Supports:** I'd like to add triangular corner supports to the front of the assembly.  I need a parameter for the thickness of these, which I'll call `CORNER_THICKNESS`.

The main body of the rack should have a back support and two side supports that extend forward. The rod should pass through a hole in both side supports, and there should be a small cut-out along the top of the rack so you can slide the rod into the main hole. The corner supports should be added on the outside front of both side supports.

Can you create a parametric OpenSCAD file for this? I think I'll also need a module for the triangular corner support as well, which I'd like to keep separate for easy reuse. I'm not particular about which OpenSCAD libraries you use, so go with what works best.

[Assistant]
Bike_Holder.scad:
```
TIRE_SIZE = 50; // Distance between outer and inner tire circumference + wiggle room
INNER_WIDTH = 27; // Width of tire in mm + wiggle room
HEIGHT = 50; // Height of whole assembly
SIDE_THICKNESS = 10; // How thick the side walls are
BACK_THICKNESS = 7; // How thick the back wall is
SCREW_SPACING = 8; // mm from top/bot edge
SCREW_RADIUS = 1.8; // mm
ROD_RADIUS = 5; // size of hole
ROD_SPACING = 5; // distance between rod hole and edge
ROD_OVERFLOW = 10; // how much longer the rod is than the gap between sides
CORNER_THICKNESS = 5; // thickness of corner supports

$fn=50;
DEPTH = TIRE_SIZE + ROD_RADIUS * 2 + ROD_SPACING + BACK_THICKNESS;
difference(){
    union(){
        // Back support
        difference(){
            cube([INNER_WIDTH+SIDE_THICKNESS*2, HEIGHT ,BACK_THICKNESS]);

            translate([SIDE_THICKNESS + INNER_WIDTH/2, SCREW_SPACING, 0])
            union(){
                cylinder(BACK_THICKNESS, SCREW_RADIUS, SCREW_RADIUS);
                translate([0, HEIGHT - SCREW_SPACING*2, 0])
                cylinder(BACK_THICKNESS, SCREW_RADIUS, SCREW_RADIUS);
            }
        }

        // Sides
        translate([0,SIDE_THICKNESS/2,SIDE_THICKNESS/2])
        union(){
            minkowski(){
                cube([SIDE_THICKNESS/2, HEIGHT - SIDE_THICKNESS, DEPTH - SIDE_THICKNESS]);
                rotate([0,90,0])
                cylinder(r=SIDE_THICKNESS/2,SIDE_THICKNESS/2);
            }
            translate([INNER_WIDTH + SIDE_THICKNESS, 0, 0])
            minkowski(){
                cube([SIDE_THICKNESS/2, HEIGHT - SIDE_THICKNESS, DEPTH - SIDE_THICKNESS]);
                rotate([0,90,0])
                cylinder(r=SIDE_THICKNESS/2,SIDE_THICKNESS/2);
            }
        }
    }

    union(){
        // Hole for bar
        translate([0, HEIGHT/2, DEPTH - ROD_RADIUS - ROD_SPACING])
        rotate([0,90,0])
        cylinder(INNER_WIDTH + SIDE_THICKNESS * 2, 5, 5);
        // Notch along top edge for bar
        translate([0, 0, BACK_THICKNESS + CORNER_THICKNESS + ROD_RADIUS])
        rotate([0,90,0])
        cylinder(INNER_WIDTH + SIDE_THICKNESS * 2, 5, 5);
    }

}

// Triangular corner supports
module triangular_prism(l, w, h) {
       polyhedron(points=[
               [0,0,h],
               [0,0,0],[w,0,0],
               [0,l,h],
               [0,l,0],[w,l,0]
       ], faces=[
               [0,2,1],
               [3,4,5],
               [0,1,4,3],
               [1,2,5,4],
               [0,3,5,2],
       ]);
}

translate([SIDE_THICKNESS, 0, BACK_THICKNESS])
triangular_prism(HEIGHT, CORNER_THICKNESS, CORNER_THICKNESS);

translate([SIDE_THICKNESS+INNER_WIDTH, 0, BACK_THICKNESS])
rotate([0,270,0])
triangular_prism(HEIGHT, CORNER_THICKNESS, CORNER_THICKNESS);

// Rod
translate([SIDE_THICKNESS * 2 + INNER_WIDTH + ROD_RADIUS + 3, 0, ROD_RADIUS - 0.5])
rotate([0,90,90])
cylinder(INNER_WIDTH + SIDE_THICKNESS * 2 + ROD_OVERFLOW, ROD_RADIUS - 0.5, ROD_RADIUS - 0.5);

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a set of parametric 3D-printable street numbers using OpenSCAD. I need a script that can generate the digits 0 through 9, and also allows for custom letters, all with mounting holes and spacers.

Here's a breakdown of the requirements:

*   **Digits and Letters:** The script should be able to generate the numbers 0-9. It also needs to allow for a single custom letter, which I can specify.
*   **Font:** I'd like to be able to choose the font. Ideally, it should be configurable to accept font names like "Ubuntu:style=Bold" directly, but if that's difficult, the ability to select a font and a style separately is okay too. There should also be a parameter to set the font size.
*   **Height:** The digits should be able to have a configurable height (thickness when printed). For example, I might want them to be 2cm thick, or another value I can specify.
*   **Mounting Holes:** I need to have the option to include up to three mounting holes. These holes should be positioned independently using x and y offsets for each hole. Each hole needs to include a recessed area for the screw head and a spacer to provide standoff from the wall.
*   **Spacer:** The standoff spacer needs to have a configurable height and inset from the back of the number. Also, parameters to control screw diameter and screw head diameter would be needed.
*   **Parameters:** The script needs to be parametric, so all the above options should be adjustable using variables that can be modified at the top of the file or through the customizer.

For the mounting holes, I envision each one being created with a recess for the screw head that makes it flush with the back of the number with an integrated standoff spacer.

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file for me, or a series of files, that takes these requirements into account? No need for special libraries, but if you find any useful ones, feel free to use them.

[Assistant]
StreetNumbers.scad:
```
part = "one"; // [one:1, two:2, three:3, four:4, five:5, six:6, seven:7, eight:8, nine:9, zero:0, all:0-9, custom:Custom Letter]

// set part to "Custom Letter" first
customLetter = "a";

// custom font name
customFontName = "Ubuntu:style=Bold";
customFontSize = 180; // [50:5:300]
// letter height
customHeight = 20; // [5:50]

customFirstHole = "no"; // [yes, no]
firstHoleX = 0; // [-50:0.5:50]
firstHoleY = 10; // [0:0.5:180]

customSecondHole = "no"; // [yes, no]
secondHoleX = 0; // [-50:0.5:50]
secondHoleY = 69; // [0:0.5:180]

customThirdHole = "no"; // [yes, no]
thirdHoleX = 0; // [-50:0.5:50]
thirdHoleY = 10; // [0:0.5:180]

spacerHeight = 8; // [0:50]
// needs to be lower than customHeight
spacerInset = 8; // [0:50]

screwDiameter = 4; // [2:6]
screwHeadDiameter = 10; // [5:15]

$fn=100;

printPart();

module printPart() {
    if (customFontName != "Ubuntu:style=Bold") {
        customFirstHole = "yes";
        customSecondHole = "yes";
        customThirdHole = "yes";
    }
    if (spacerInset > customHeight) {
        spacerInset = 0;
    }
    if (part == "one") {
        printOne();
    }
    else if (part == "two") {
        printTwo();
    }
    else if (part == "three") {
        printThree();
    }
    else if (part == "four") {
        printFour();
    }
    else if (part == "five") {
        printFive();
    }
    else if (part == "six") {
        printSix();
    }
    else if (part == "seven") {
        printSeven();
    }
    else if (part == "eight") {
        printEight();
    }
    else if (part == "nine") {
        printNine();
    }
    else if (part == "zero") {
        printZero();
    }
    else if (part == "custom") {
        printCustom();
    }
    else {
        printAll();
    }
}

module printOne() {
    assembleNumber("1", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [-14, 50, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [-14, 120, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [-14, 50, 0]));
}

module printTwo() {
    assembleNumber("2", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [5, 13, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [5, 164, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [5, 13, 0]));
}

module printThree() {
    assembleNumber("3", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [5, 10, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [5, 164, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [5, 10, 0]));
}

module printFour() {
    assembleNumber("4", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [-29, 54, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [-29, 156, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [46, 54, 0]));
}

module printFive() {
    assembleNumber("5", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [0, 10, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [0, 160, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [0, 10, 0]));
}

module printSix() {
    assembleNumber("6", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [0, 9, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [0, 96, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [0, 9, 0]));
}

module printSeven() {
    assembleNumber("7", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [5, 50, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [5, 160, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [5, 50, 0]));
}

module printEight() {
    assembleNumber("8", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [0, 9, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [0, 165, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [0, 9, 0]));
}

module printNine() {
    assembleNumber("9", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [0, 20, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [0, 164, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [0, 20, 0]));
}

module printZero() {
    assembleNumber("0", makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [0, 10, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [0, 164, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [0, 10, 0]));
}

module printAll() {
    translate([0, 0, 0])
        printOne();
    translate([-100, 0, 0])
        printTwo();
    translate([-230, 0, 0])
        printThree();
    translate([-360, 0, 0])
        printFour();
    translate([-490, 0, 0])
        printFive();
    translate([-620, 0, 0])
        printSix();
    translate([-750, 0, 0])
        printSeven();
    translate([-880, 0, 0])
        printEight();
    translate([-1010, 0, 0])
        printNine();
    translate([-1140, 0, 0])
        printZero();
}

module printCustom() {
    customFirstHole = "yes";
    customSecondHole = "yes";
    customThirdHole = "yes";
    assembleNumber(customLetter[0], makeFirstHole(customFirstHole, [0, 50, 0]), makeSecondHole(customSecondHole, [0, 120, 0]), makeThirdHole(customThirdHole, [0, 50, 0]));
}

function makeFirstHole(custom, defaultOffset=[0, 0, 0]) = (custom == "yes") ? [firstHoleX, firstHoleY, 0] : defaultOffset;
function makeSecondHole(custom, defaultOffset=[0, 0, 0]) = (custom == "yes") ? [secondHoleX, secondHoleY, 0] : defaultOffset;
function makeThirdHole(custom, defaultOffset=[0, 0, 0]) = (custom == "yes") ? [thirdHoleX, thirdHoleY, 0] : defaultOffset;

module assembleNumberOld(num, firstHoleOffset=[0, 0, 0], secondHoleOffset=[0, 0, 0], thirdHoleOffset=[0, 0, 0]) {
    translate([0, 0, customHeight])
        rotate([0, 180, 0])
            union() {
                difference() {
                    makeNumber(num);
                    translate(firstHoleOffset)
                        drillhole();
                    translate(secondHoleOffset)
                        drillhole();
                    translate(thirdHoleOffset)
                        drillhole();
                }
            translate(firstHoleOffset)
                spacer();
            translate(secondHoleOffset)
                spacer();
            translate(thirdHoleOffset)
                spacer();
        }
}

module assembleNumber(num, firstHoleOffset=[0, 0, 0], secondHoleOffset=[0, 0, 0], thirdHoleOffset=[0, 0, 0]) {
    union() {
        difference() {
            makeNumber(num);
            translate(firstHoleOffset)
                drillhole();
            translate(secondHoleOffset)
                drillhole();
            translate(thirdHoleOffset)
                drillhole();
        }
        translate(firstHoleOffset)
            spacer();
        translate(secondHoleOffset)
            spacer();
        translate(thirdHoleOffset)
            spacer();
    }
}

module makeNumber(num) {
    linear_extrude(customHeight)
        rotate([0, 180, 0])
            text(num, size=customFontSize, font=customFontName, halign="center");
}

module drillhole() {
    translate([0, 0, -0.01])
        cylinder(h=customHeight+1, d=screwHeadDiameter);
}

module spacer() {
    screwheadHeight = (screwHeadDiameter - screwDiameter) / 2 + 1;
    translate([0, 0, spacerInset])
        difference() {
            cylinder(h=customHeight - spacerInset + spacerHeight, d=screwHeadDiameter);
            translate([0, 0, -0.01])
                cylinder(h=customHeight + spacerHeight + 1, d=screwDiameter);
            translate([0, 0, -0.01])
                cylinder(h=screwheadHeight, d1=screwHeadDiameter, d2=screwDiameter);
        }
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric design for a ring that will fit around a bottle opener. It should be printable and allow for a tight but functional fit.

Here's what I'm thinking:

The ring needs to have an inner diameter that will fit snugly around the _outer_ diameter of the cylindrical part of a bottle opener, and an outer diameter which will allow for a decent gripping surface. I want the design to be fully parametric so I can adjust things like tolerances, wall thickness, etc., easily. The inner part should also have a lip to grip onto the opener more effectively, so there needs to be two different diameters inside and a small depth change. The ring needs to sit flush against the base of the bottle opener, so that there will not be any wobble when put onto it.

For the bottle opener itself, I'm planning on using one with a bottle mouth diameter of 27mm, and the inner diameter of the bottle opener is 28.25mm, with an inner height of 10mm. The wall thickness of the opener itself is 3mm. The tolerance between the ring and the opener should be adjustable, but I would like it to be 0.5mm by default. I will also need to define the wall thickness of the ring itself, and that should be adjustable too, with a default of 2mm. Finally I would like the tolerance between the ring and the bottle to be adjustable with a default of 0.5mm.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
Parametric_Ring_for_Bottle_Opener.scad:
```
$fn = 128;

// Diameter of the bottle mouth
d_bottle = 27;

// Inner diameter of the bottle opener mouth
d_opener_inner = 28.25;

// Inner height of the bottle opener mouth
h_opener_inner = 10;

// Wall thickness of the bottle opener mouth
thickness_wall_opener = 3;

// Wall thickness of the printed ring
thickness_wall_ring = 2;

// Tolerance of the printed ring versus the bottle mouth
tolerance_bottle = 0.5;

// Tolerance of the printed ring versus against the opener
tolerance_ring = 0.5;

d_opener_outer = d_opener_inner + 2 * (thickness_wall_opener + tolerance_ring);

d_ring_outer = d_opener_outer + 2 * thickness_wall_ring;

difference ()
{
    union ()
    {
        cylinder (d = d_opener_inner, h = h_opener_inner);
        difference ()
        {
            cylinder (d = d_ring_outer, h = 2 * thickness_wall_ring);

            translate ([0, 0, thickness_wall_ring])
                cylinder (d = d_opener_outer + 2 * tolerance_ring, h = 3 * thickness_wall_ring);
        }
    }
    translate ([0, 0, -1])
        cylinder (d = d_bottle + tolerance_bottle, h = 2 * h_opener_inner);

    translate ([0, 0, -0.01])
        cylinder (d1 = d_bottle + 2, d2 = d_bottle + tolerance_bottle, h = 1);

    difference ()
    {
        translate ([0, 0, -0.01])
            cylinder (d = d_ring_outer + 2, h = 1);

        translate ([0, 0, -0.02])
            cylinder (d2 = d_ring_outer + 0.01, d1 = d_ring_outer - 2, h = 1.03);
    }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric bearing design in OpenSCAD, and I'd like an assistant to help me with the code. I need it to be fully customizable through parameters.

Here are the key features I'm after:

*   **Parametric Dimensions:** The design needs to be driven by parameters, specifically:
    *   `radius`: The radius from the bearing center to the center of the balls.
    *   `thickness`: The minimum thickness of the bearing wall.
    *   `bevel_radius`: The radius of a bevel along the top and bottom edge.
    *   `height`: The height of the bearing channel and ball diameter (before clearance)
    *   `clearance`: The space between the balls and the bearing channel, allowing for free rotation.
    *   `resolution`: This will control the resolution of curves. It's not a printing resolution, more how smooth the ball curves are rendered.

*   **Construction:** The bearing is essentially a ring with an inner channel and balls within that channel.

*   **Ring:** Should be made via extrusion of a square with a circular cutout. The extrusion should have the ability to bevel the outside top and bottom edges.

*   **Balls:** The balls need to be generated programmatically, spaced evenly in the channel, using the height minus the clearance for diameter.

*   **Output:** I expect an OpenSCAD `.scad` file.

I'd like the code to be clear and well-structured. I am not using any specific external libraries like MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, or BOLTS.  I don't need any example STLs or a tweet-length version, just a good parametric SCAD file that can be used in the OpenSCAD customizer. Please make sure to include the full range of parameters as comments.

[Assistant]
bearing.scad:
```
// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Parametric Bearing.
//
// Copyright 2018 Kevin F. Quinn
//
// This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
// Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a
// copy of the license, visit
// https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
//
// This model is set up to work with the built-in OpenSCAD
// Customizer. At the time of writing (May 2018), the Customizer
// is available in the nightly builds. The model works fine
// in the 2015.03 release, just without the customizer interface.
//
// Note - the resolution paramter has a significant impact on
// CGAL rendering time and resource needs. The default settings
// here with 0.2mm resolution take about 10 minutes to render
// on my 2.4GHz CPU and about 3GB RAM.
//
// Just for fun, the code can be made to fit into a tweet, with
// a bit of variable renaming and calculation simplification:
//
// r=20;t=2;h=15;c=0.4;l=0.2;a=2*asin(h/2/r);n=180/asin(2*l/h);
// rotate_extrude($fn=360)translate([r,0,0])offset(r=1,$fn=30)offset(delta=-1)
// difference(){square([h+2*t,h],center=true);circle(d=h,$fn=n);}
// for(i=[0:a:360-a])rotate([0,0,i])translate([r,0,0])sphere(d=h-c,$fn=n);
//
// which is a comfortable 271 characters when pasted into Twitter
// (268 if you make it all one line!)

/* [Bearing dimensions] */
// Bearing radius to ball center
radius=20; // [5:0.1:25]
// Bearing wall minimum thickness
thickness=2; // [0.4:0.01:10.0]
// Bevel radius
bevel_radius=1; // [0.0:0.1:1.0]
// Bearing height (channel radius)
height=15; // [1.0:0.1:20.0]
// Clearance between bearing and balls
clearance=0.4; // [0.01:0.01:0.5]
// Resolution of inner channel and bearing balls (~layer height)
resolution=0.2; // [0.01:0.01:0.8]

/* [Hidden] */
// Ball angle separation, subtended at bearing center
ball_angle=2*asin((height/2)/radius);
// Ball channel resolution (number of segments in a circle)
ball_fn=360/(2*asin(resolution/(height/2)));

module ring() {
  // Extrude the main ring using a 2D drawing of the profile
  rotate_extrude($fn=360)
  translate([radius,0,0])
  offset(r=bevel_radius,$fn=30) offset(delta=-bevel_radius,$fn=30)
  difference() {
    square([height+2*thickness,height],center=true);
    circle(d=height,$fn=ball_fn);
  }
}

module balls() {
  // Place the balls in the bearing housing
  for (i=[0:ball_angle:360-ball_angle]) {
    rotate(a=i,v=[0,0,1])
    translate([radius,0,0])
    sphere(d=height-clearance,$fn=ball_fn);
  }
}

ring();
balls();

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable set of Duplo-compatible train tracks, including straight, curved, and ramped sections, using OpenSCAD. I want to base this design off of the existing "building_block_interfacing_02.scad" file that I use for creating compatible Duplo bricks and plates, so that my track pieces can also interface with them. This includes having a compatible stud and knob system. So that module should be included somehow.

The key features I need are:

*   **Straight and Curved Tracks:** The system should be able to generate both straight tracks of a specified length and curved tracks with a defined radius and curve angle. I would like to specify the length of the straight tracks, and the radius and angle of the curved tracks as parameters. The curve angle should allow for full circles or parts of a circle, and can also be set to 0 for a straight track.

*   **Ramps:** It should be possible to add a ramp to either end of the track, with an adjustable height. The angle of the ramp should be smooth. I should be able to set the height of the ramp as a parameter. Also, there should be an option to add extra support to the end of the track so that it can be connected to other track pieces on that side, or just keep it as a block.

*   **Sleepers:** There should be an option to include sleepers beneath the tracks, and control if the sleepers are full or half length (for compatibility with older tracks). I need to specify the number of sleepers in the straight or curved sections.

*   **Ribs:** Optionally, include ribs on the sides of the track for climbing. I want two options for ribs: big ones on both sides, and small ones on either one side or another. I should be able to select which ones to use using a boolean parameter, and also be able to control the number of ribs.

*   **Track Geometry:** The track should have a rail profile that includes an offset from the ground. I would like to turn this off and on using a boolean value. There should also be a parameter to control how much to increase the rim thickness of the rails to be more robust.

*   **Interfacing:** Use the basic Duplo interface from the existing "building_block_interfacing_02.scad" module that I've already made.

The design should be parametric, and I expect to be able to control everything through parameters:
*   Track curve angle (0 for straight)
*   Track length (for straight tracks)
*   Track radius (for curved tracks)
*   Ramp height
*   Whether to extend the ramp support
*   Number of sleepers
*   Type of sleepers (full or half length)
*   Option to use big ribs (boolean)
*   Option to use small ribs (boolean)
*   Option to offset the rail from the ground (boolean)
*   Amount to increase the rim thickness
*   And all the standard variables from the "building_block_interfacing_02.scad" file, which will be included in the design.

I will also need to include the dotSCAD library for some of the 3D math functions, and specifically the `rotate_p`, `polysections`, and `path_extrude` modules.

Can you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for me based on these requirements?

[Assistant]
building_block_interfacing_02.scad:
```
// Created by EDGE
// June 2018.
// www.khwelling.nl
// https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2952203

// Duplo Brick Generator
//
// Building basic duplo: bricks, plates, base plates
// All blocks are centered XY and starting at Z=0.
//
//Used most definitions from: https://www.cailliau.org/Alphabetical/L/Lego/Dimensions/General%20Considerations/%20General%20Considerations-en.html
// OpenSCAD version 2018.04.06
// Tuned for my Ultimaker2+: PLA; nozzle:0.4; layer height:0.15
// version 02: Add: BasePlateH & GeneratePlate(); Renamed: GenerateBasePlate()

/* [Part generator] */
// Show: 1 Brick, 2 Plate, 3 BasePlate, 4 Calibration parts, 5 Some parts
ShowObjects=0;//[1:5]
// Object knobs in X direction
ShowKnobsX=4;//[1:100]
// Object knobs in Y direction
ShowKnobsY=8;//[1:100]

/* [Basic brick dimensions + print corrections] */
// Unit size (or pitch)
Unit=16;
// Diameter of knob on top of brick
KnobD=9.6;
// Height of knob
KnobL=4.6;
// Hollow knob on top?
geo_hollow_knop=true;
// Height of recess underside of brick (should always > KnobL)
StudH=5;
// Size of knob hole underside of brick (interfaces with knob)
StudD=9.6;
// Diameter of tube underside of brick (3 for 4x2brick)
TubeD=13.2;
// Height of standard brick
BrickH=19.2;
// Thickness of outside wall
BrickWallT=1.8;//1.6
// Horizontal tolerance/play at one side of a wall
HorzPlay=0.1;
// Height of plate (Duplo: 50%; Lego 33%)
PlateH=BrickH/2;
// Height of baseplate
BasePlateH=1.6;

/* [Basic train track dimensions + print corrections] */
// Half sleeper diameter of connector pin (train track)
TrackPin=9.2;
// Diameter of connector hole in half sleeper
TrackHole=9.9;
// Witdh of the part connecting pin & half sleeper
TrackPinWidth=6.4;

/* [Additional features] */
// Some ribs at bottom, so no support is needed
GeoUseRibs=true;

//====================================================================================
// Generate top click interface:
module GenerateKnobs(unitsX=2,unitsY=4,unitsZ=1,angle_deg=0){
//Adding knobs:
    translate([0,0,unitsZ*BrickH]) rotate(angle_deg,[0,-1,0]) {
    for(dy=[-(unitsY-.5)*Unit/2:Unit:(unitsY-.5)*Unit/2]) {
        for(dx=[-(unitsX-.5)*Unit/2:Unit:(unitsX-.5)*Unit/2]) {
            translate([dx+0.25*Unit,dy+0.25*Unit,0]) difference() {
            translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(h=KnobL+1,d=KnobD,center=false);
            if (geo_hollow_knop) {translate([0,0,.5]) cylinder(h=KnobL,d=KnobD-2*BrickWallT,center=false);}}
    } }//End knobs.
    }
}

// Generate bottom click interface: height=StudH+1.
module GenerateStuds(unitsX=2,unitsY=4){
    translate([0,0,StudH/2])
    union() {
    difference() {
    union() {
        difference() { //Add recess frame:
            translate([0,0,0.5]) cube([unitsX*Unit-2*HorzPlay,unitsY*Unit-2*HorzPlay,StudH+1],true);
            cube([unitsX*Unit-2*BrickWallT,unitsY*Unit-2*BrickWallT,2*StudH],true);
        } //Add ribs:
            for(dy=[-(unitsY-.5)*Unit/2:Unit:(unitsY-1.5)*Unit/2]) {
                translate([0,dy+0.25*Unit,0]) cube([unitsX*Unit-4*HorzPlay,BrickWallT,StudH],true);
                }
            for(dx=[-(unitsX-.5)*Unit/2:Unit:(unitsX-1.5)*Unit/2]) {
                translate([dx+0.25*Unit,0,0]) cube([BrickWallT,unitsY*Unit-4*HorzPlay,StudH],true);
            }

        } //Subtract inner section, getting short ribs
        cube([unitsX*Unit-(Unit-StudD),unitsY*Unit-(Unit-StudD),2*StudH],true);

    } //Add roof (1mm thick) & Tubes: & long ribs:
    difference() {
    union() {
    translate([0,0,StudH/2+.5]) { cube([unitsX*Unit-2*HorzPlay,unitsY*Unit-2*HorzPlay,1],true);}
    if ((unitsX>1)&&(unitsY>1)) {
        if (GeoUseRibs) { //add optioanl long ribs:
            for(dy=[-(unitsY-2)/2*Unit:Unit:(unitsY-2)/2*Unit]) {
                translate([0,dy,0.25]) cube([unitsX*Unit-4*HorzPlay,BrickWallT,5.5],true);}
            for(dx=[-(unitsX-2)/2*Unit:Unit:(unitsX-2)/2*Unit]) {
                translate([dx,0,0.25]) cube([BrickWallT,unitsY*Unit-4*HorzPlay,5.5],true);} }
            //Add tubes:
            for(dy=[-(unitsY-1.5)/2*Unit:Unit:(unitsY-1.5)/2*Unit]) {
                for(dx=[-(unitsX-1.5)/2*Unit:Unit:(unitsX-1.5)/2*Unit]) {
            translate([dx+0.25*Unit,dy+0.25*Unit,0])
                cylinder($fn=16,h=StudH,d=TubeD,center=true); } } //End adding Tubes.
    } } //Remove innerside of tubes:
        for(dy=[-(unitsY-1.5)/2*Unit:Unit:(unitsY-1.5)/2*Unit]) {
            for(dx=[-(unitsX-1.5)/2*Unit:Unit:(unitsX-1.5)/2*Unit]) {
        translate([dx+0.25*Unit,dy+0.25*Unit,0])
            cylinder($fn=8,h=StudH+.1,d=TubeD-2*BrickWallT,center=true);   }}
            } //End subtract
    } //End union all
}

//Generate standard brick:
module GenerateBrick(unitsX=2,unitsY=4,unitsZ=1,angle_deg=0,hasKnobs=true,hasStuds=true) {
    union(){
        rotate(90,[1,0,0]) { //BASIC (ANGLED) BRICK BODY:
            H =(hasStuds) ? StudH : 0 ;
            p0=[(unitsX*Unit/2-HorzPlay), H ];
            p1=[p0[0], unitsZ*BrickH+tan(angle_deg)*(unitsX/2*Unit-HorzPlay)];
            p2=[-p0[0],unitsZ*BrickH-tan(angle_deg)*(unitsX/2*Unit-HorzPlay)];
            p3=[-p0[0],p0[1]];
            linear_extrude(height=unitsY*Unit-2*HorzPlay, center=true) polygon([p0,p1,p2,p3]);
        }
        if (hasKnobs) {GenerateKnobs(unitsX,unitsY,unitsZ,angle_deg);}
        if (hasStuds) {GenerateStuds(unitsX,unitsY);}
    }
}

//Generate a plate:
module GeneratePlate(unitsX=4,unitsY=10) {
    GenerateBrick(unitsX,unitsY,0.5);
}

//Generate a baseplate:
module GenerateBasePlate(unitsX=12,unitsY=12,Zmm=BasePlateH) {
    union() {
        linear_extrude(height = Zmm) { offset(r = Unit/4) {
        square([(unitsX-0.5)*Unit-2*HorzPlay,(unitsY-0.5)*Unit-2*HorzPlay], center = true); } }
        GenerateKnobs(unitsX,unitsY,Zmm/BrickH,0);
    }
}

//Generate track end sleeper:
module GenerateTrainTrackEnd() {
    difference() {
        union() {
            translate([Unit/2,0,0])         GenerateStuds(1,4);
            translate([Unit/2,0,7.5])       cube([Unit-2*HorzPlay,27,5],center=true);
            translate([-Unit/4,-Unit/2,5])   cube([Unit/2+1,TrackPinWidth,10],center=true);
            translate([-Unit/2,-Unit/2,5])   cylinder(d=TrackPin,h=10,center=true);
            translate([Unit/4,Unit/2,2.5])   cube([Unit/2-1,TrackPinWidth+2*BrickWallT,5],center=true);
            translate([Unit/2,Unit/2,2.5])   cylinder(d=TrackPin+2*BrickWallT,h=5,center=true);
            translate([Unit/2,Unit/2,2.5])   cube([BrickWallT,2*Unit-StudD,5],center=true);
        }
        translate([Unit/4,Unit/2,5])   cube([Unit/2+1,TrackPinWidth+.45,12],center=true);
        translate([Unit/2,Unit/2,5])   cylinder(d=TrackHole,h=12,center=true);
        translate([-Unit/2,-Unit/2,2.5])   cylinder(d1=Unit,d2=KnobD,h=7,center=true);
    }
}

module CalibrationPieces(){
    //Write down the numbers from above & print these pieces:

    //Testing studs:
    //StudD=      //[mm] size of knob hole underside of brick (interfaces with knob)
    //StudH=      //[mm] height of recess underside of brick
    //TubeD=      //[mm] diameter of tube underside of brick (3 for 4x2brick)
    //BrickWallT= //[mm] Thickness of outside wall
    //HorzPlay=   //[mm] Horizontal tolerance/play at one side of a wall
    translate([0,0,StudH+1]) rotate(180,[1,0,0]) GenerateStuds(2,4);

    //Testing the knobs:
    //KnobD=      //[mm] diameter of knob on top
    //KnobL=      //[mm] height of knob
    //BasePlateH= //[mm] Height of plate (according thing:1356494)
    translate([2.5*Unit,0,0]) GenerateBasePlate(2,4);

    translate([5*Unit,0,0]) GenerateTrainTrackEnd();
    }

module Possibilities(){
    color("red") translate([0,0,BrickH*1.5]) GenerateBrick(2,4,1); //Generate standard 2x4 brick, 1 height.
    color("yellow") translate([0,0,PlateH]) GenerateBrick(2,2,1);
    color("blue") GeneratePlate(2,10); //Generate 2x10 brick, half height.
    color("green") translate([0,0,-BasePlateH]) GenerateBasePlate(12,12); //Generate a flat base plate(12x12)
    //color("grey") translate([4*Unit,0,0]) rotate(180,[0,0,1]) GenerateTrainTrackEnd();
}

// TESTING: ==========================================================================

if (ShowObjects==1) { GenerateBrick(ShowKnobsX,ShowKnobsY); }
if (ShowObjects==2) { GeneratePlate(ShowKnobsX,ShowKnobsY); }
if (ShowObjects==3) { GenerateBasePlate(ShowKnobsX,ShowKnobsY); }
if (ShowObjects==4) { CalibrationPieces(); }
if (ShowObjects==5) { Possibilities(); }

```
tracks_05.scad:
```
// Created by EDGE
// June 2018.
// www.khwelling.nl
// Using OpenSCAD 2018.04.06
// https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2921971

include <building_block_interfacing_02.scad>;    //interfaceing module

include <rotate_p.scad>;                //dotSCAD library
include <polysections.scad>;
include <path_extrude.scad>;

// Remarks:
// Don't make "bridges" to high:
// Close at the bottom, the top of train & wagon collide.
// At top, the carrier will tough the rim on the rail.

// CUSTOM PARAMETERS ======================================================================
/* [Track] */
//Straight or Curved track:
track_horz_angle=0; //[Degrees] Straight track=0; Standard curved track=30.
//Length of track (in case of straight track):
track_length=1*8*Unit;//[mm] Length (standard length = 8 knobs * 16 mm)
//Radius of track (in case of curved track):
track_radius=260;//[mm] Radius of curve (standard track curve R = 260 mm)
//How many sleepers are needed?
nr_of_sleepers=1;//[#] For a tandard track there is one 4x2 support block in between
//Since old tracks (before 2003) use single sleepers:
use_full_sleepers=true;
/* [Ramp] */
//Add what height should the track end?
ramp_height=0*BrickH;//[mm] Default block height = BrickH = 19.2
//Want to extend end of track, so a new track could be placed on this
ramp_extend_support=false; //[true/false]
/* [Geometry] */
//Rail offset from ground:
geo_use_offset=true; //[true/false]
//Use big ribs on side of track for climbing
geo_use_bigribs=false; //[true/false]
//Use small ribs:
geo_use_smallribs=false; //[true/false]
//Increase rim thickness for more robust track:
geo_rim_thickness_increase=0.6;//[mm] should be >=0.

// CALCULATIONS =========================================================================
pi=3.141592;
lengthxy = (track_horz_angle==0) ? track_length : abs(track_horz_angle/360)*pi*2*track_radius ;
ramp_tilt_angle = atan(ramp_height/lengthxy);
geo_rail_zoffset= (geo_use_offset) ? 5 : 0;
sleeper_size = (use_full_sleepers) ? 2 : 1;

function DegToRad(degrees) = degrees * pi / 180;
function RadToDeg(radians) = radians * 180 / pi;

function GetCoefficients(x1,y1,x2,y2,k1,k2) = [
    ( x2*(x1*(-x1+x2)*(k2*x1+k1*x2)-x2*(-3*x1+x2)*y1)+pow(x1,2)*(x1-3*x2)*y2 ),        //a0
    ( k2*x1*(x1-x2)*(x1+2*x2)-x2*(k1*(-2*pow(x1,2)+x1*x2+pow(x2,2))+6*x1*(y1-y2)) ),   //a1
    ( -k1*(x1-x2)*(x1+2*x2)+k2*(-2*pow(x1,2)+x1*x2+pow(x2,2))+3*(x1+x2)*(y1-y2) ),     //a2
    ( (k1+k2)*(x1-x2)-2*y1+2*y2 )                                                      //a3
]/ pow((x1-x2),3);

// Parametic function, getting X position: 0<i<1
function GetX(i,offsetR=0) =
    (track_horz_angle==0) ?
        i*lengthxy :
        abs((track_radius+offsetR)*sin(i*(track_horz_angle)));

// Parametic function, getting Y position: 0<i<1
function GetY(i,offsetR=0) =
    (track_horz_angle==0) ?
        0 :
        sign(track_horz_angle)*(track_radius-(track_radius+offsetR)*cos(i*-abs(track_horz_angle)));

// Functiong getting Z position (or ramp angle): 0<i<1; depending on coefficients used
function GetZ(i,coef=c_heights) =
    coef[3]*pow(i*lengthxy,3) + coef[2]*pow(i*lengthxy,2) + coef[1]*i*lengthxy + coef[0];

// Functiong getting ramp angle: 0<i<1 [deg]
function GetTilt(i,coef=ramp_tilt_angle) =
    (coef[3]*pow(i*lengthxy,3) + coef[2]*pow(i*lengthxy,2) + coef[1]*i*lengthxy + coef[0]) * 180/pi;

// Calculate polynomal coefficients:
c_heights = GetCoefficients(0,0,lengthxy,ramp_height,0,0); //[mm]
c_angles = [ c_heights[1], 2*c_heights[2], 3*c_heights[3], 0 ]; //[rad]

//Generate path:
step_size=Unit/lengthxy/2;
path_pts = [for(i=[0:step_size:1+0.1*step_size])  [GetX(i),GetY(i),GetZ(i,c_heights)] ];

//Calculated 3D curve length:
function d(n,step) = sqrt( pow(GetX(n+step)-GetX(n),2) + pow(GetY(n+step)-GetY(n),2) + pow(GetZ(n+step,c_heights)-GetZ(n,c_heights),2)  );
function add_up_to(n=0, step=0.05, sum=0) =
    n>=1 ?
        sum :
        add_up_to(n+step, step, sum+d(n,step));
length3d = add_up_to();

function GenerateSection3D(i,c, d=1) =
[ [0,d*27,geo_rail_zoffset], [0,d*27,GetZ(i,c)+7.3], [0,d*31.8/2,GetZ(i,c)+7.3], [0,d*14.6,GetZ(i,c)+14], [0,d*(13.5-geo_rim_thickness_increase),GetZ(i,c)+14], [0,d*(13.5-geo_rim_thickness_increase),geo_rail_zoffset], [0,d*27,geo_rail_zoffset] ];

function RotateSection3D(Section, angle=0) =
        [for(j=[0:len(Section)-1]) rotate_p([Section[j][0],Section[j][1],Section[j][2]],[0,0,angle])  ];

function MoveSection3D(Section, OffsetX=0,OffsetY=0,OffsetZ=0) =
        [for(j=[0:len(Section)-1]) [Section[j][0]+OffsetX,Section[j][1]+OffsetY,Section[j][2]+OffsetZ]  ];

function GetSectionTrackX(i,c,angle,dir=1) =
    (angle==0) ? MoveSection3D(GenerateSection3D(i,c,dir),GetX(i),GetY(i),0)
    : MoveSection3D(RotateSection3D(GenerateSection3D(i,c,dir),i*angle),GetX(i),GetY(i),0);

// BUILDING  TRACK =========================================================================
GenerateTrack();

module GenerateRibs(pitch=3,posy=25.25,depth=1.5,width=3.25,height=3.5){
    stepsize=pitch/length3d;
    for(i=[.5*stepsize:stepsize:1]) { translate([GetX(i),GetY(i),GetZ(i,c_heights)]) rotate(i*track_horz_angle,[0,0,1]) translate([0,posy,7.3]) rotate(GetTilt(i,c_angles),[0,-1,0]) cube([depth,width,height],center=true);}
}

module GenerateRail(dir=-1){
    //Generate track cross section:
    allsections = [ for (j=[0:(len(path_pts))]) GetSectionTrackX(j/len(path_pts),c_heights,track_horz_angle,dir) ];
    difference(){
        polysections(allsections);
        if (!geo_use_offset) {
            translate([0,0,0]) cube([2*Unit-.5,4*Unit,11],center=true);
            if (nr_of_sleepers>0){
        for(k=[1:nr_of_sleepers]){
            i=k/(nr_of_sleepers+1); translate([GetX(i),GetY(i),-1]) rotate((i)*track_horz_angle,[0,0,1])
            translate([0,0,StudH/2]) cube([sleeper_size*(Unit-HorzPlay),4*(Unit-HorzPlay),StudH+3],center=true);
            }}

        }
        translate([GetX(1),GetY(1),-.5]) rotate(track_horz_angle,[0,0,1])
        if (ramp_extend_support) {
            GenerateBrick(unitsX=(2*Unit-1)/Unit,unitsY=4,unitsZ=(GetZ(1,c_heights)-1)/BrickH,angle_deg=(GetTilt(1,c_angles)),hasKnobs=false,hasStuds=false);
        } else {
            GenerateBrick(unitsX=(2*Unit-1)/Unit,unitsY=4,unitsZ=(GetZ(1,c_heights)+6)/BrickH,angle_deg=(GetTilt(1,c_angles)),hasKnobs=false,hasStuds=false);
        }
    }
}

module GenerateTrack(){
    union(){
    //Generate start track brick:
    GenerateTrainTrackEnd();
    //Generate both track sides:
    GenerateRail(-1); GenerateRail(1);
    //Generate end track brick:
    translate([GetX(1),GetY(1),GetZ(0)]) rotate(track_horz_angle+180,[0,0,1])
    if (ramp_extend_support) {
        GenerateBrick(unitsX=2,unitsY=4,unitsZ=(GetZ(1-step_size/2))/BrickH,angle_deg=0,hasKnobs=false,hasStuds=true);
        translate([-Unit/2,0,0]) GenerateKnobs(unitsX=1,unitsY=4,unitsZ=(GetZ(1-step_size/2))/BrickH);
    } else { translate([0,0,GetZ(1)]) GenerateTrainTrackEnd(); }
    //Generate sleepers:
    if (nr_of_sleepers>0){
        for(k=[1:nr_of_sleepers]){
            i=k/(nr_of_sleepers+1); translate([GetX(i),GetY(i),0]) rotate((i)*track_horz_angle,[0,0,1]) GenerateStuds(unitsX=sleeper_size,unitsY=4); }}
    //Create ribs on side:
    if (geo_use_bigribs) { GenerateRibs(step=3,posy=-25.25,depth=1.5,width=3.25,height=3.5);
       GenerateRibs(step=3,posy=25.25,depth=1.5,width=3.25,height=3.5); }
    if (geo_use_smallribs) {
        if (track_horz_angle>=0) {GenerateRibs(pitch=1,posy=20.5,depth=.5,width=11,height=.5);}
        if (track_horz_angle<=0) {GenerateRibs(pitch=1,posy=-20.5,depth=.5,width=12,height=.5); }
    }}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a parametric speaker ring generator, similar to the one I've seen online but I'd like to be able to make a few more tweaks.  I'll need the code to be in OpenSCAD.

Here's what I'm thinking:

First, I want to be able to choose between millimeters and inches for all measurements. I need a variable for that - something like `units_entered` that can be set to either 1 for mm or 25.4 for inches.

Next, the resolution needs to be adjustable.  Like a `$fn` variable, I guess, but specifically for this design - maybe something like `resolution` with options for 32, 48, 64, 128, 256, 512, and 1024.

For the ring itself, I need the following parameters:

*   `d_inner`: The inner diameter, which is the speaker cutout size
*   `d_outer`: The outer diameter of the ring.
*  `ring_thickness`: The overall height of the adapter.

Then, I'd like to have the option to add a flush mount trim ring. For that I'll need:
*   `spacertrimthickness`: The width of the flush-mount trim, which will increase the outer diameter. If set to 0, no trim should be added
*   `spacerTrimHeight`: The height of the flush-mount trim, which is subtracted from `ring_thickness`. If set to 0, no trim should be added

I want to have speaker mounting holes and vehicle mounting holes, each with their own parameters:

*   `speakerHoleDiameter`:  This should be the same as `d_inner`.
*  `speakerScrewHoleSpacing`: The distance across diagonally opposing speaker screw holes.
*  `numberOfSpeakerScrewHoles`: Number of speaker mounting holes.
*   `speakerScrewHoleDiameter`: The diameter of the screw holes.
*  `speakerScrewHoleAngle`: an angle to rotate the speaker screw holes.

And for the vehicle mount screw holes:

*   `mountScrewHoleSpacing`: The distance across diagonally opposing mounting holes.
*  `numberOfMountScrewHoles`: Number of vehicle mounting holes.
*   `mountScrewHoleDiameter`: The diameter of the mounting holes.

I also want to have a vehicle interface area on the bottom of the ring for better contact with the mounting surface.  Here's the variables needed for this:
* `interface_height`: height of the interface area
* `interface_width`: width of the interface area
* `interface_offset`: offset in the x direction of the interface area.

Finally, I would like the vehicle mounting holes to have a counterbore, so the head of the screw sits nicely flush with the surface of the ring. The counterbore diameter should be 75% bigger than the `mountScrewHoleDiameter`. I want that counterbore to go in the top of the ring.

I'd like the code to use modules for the screw hole cutouts, so it’s nice and modular. I'm not sure if that matters much, but I would appreciate it.

I'm not asking to use any specific OpenSCAD libraries. I will be very happy if you can get this working with only built-in functions.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
Speaker_Ring_Generator_v3.scad:
```
// Speaker ring generator by Jon Bourgeois
// Some code used from https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:451253
//
/* Use to make speaker rings from tweeters to subwoofers (sizes dependent on 3D printer capabilities, maybe use CNC if available for larger speaker spacers) */
//
// preview[view:south, tilt:top]
//
/* [Unit adjustment] */
// Choose millimeters, or inches.
units_entered = 25.4;//[1:mm, 25.4:inch]

/* [Resolution] */
// Smoothness of Model.  Use lower settings for editing, reccomend at least 256 for 3D printing.
resolution = 128;//[32, 48, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]

/* [Spacer Ring Sizing] */
// Inner diameter.  The speaker cutout diameter.  Set to just a little larger than the speaker cutout.  Default is for a 6.5 inch ring.
d_inner= 5.85;       // 6 7/8 or 174.625mm

// Outer diameter.  The outer diameter of the speaker ring.
d_outer= 7.5;       // 7 3/8 or 187.325mm

// Overall height of adapter, (Common heights are .25, .5, .75, 1 inch).
ring_thickness = 0.75;  // 3/4 inches or 19.05mm

// This code from https://www.thingiverse.com/apps/customizer/run?thing_id=1483876
/* [Flush Mounting Trim Ring] */

// Width of flush-mount trim, Set both of these settings to 0 to remove.  Note that this thickness is added to the outer diameter.
spacertrimthickness = 0.25;     // 1/4 inch or 6.35mm

// Height of flush-mount trim, Note that this height is removed from the overall height of the ring.  So for example if you want a 1/2 inch ring and the flush trim is .25 then set the ring thickness to .75 or 3/4 of an inch.
spacerTrimHeight = 0.25;        // 1/4 inch or 6.35mm

/* [Speaker Cutout] */
//Speaker mount hole diameter, (same size as inner d_inner), (should be slightly larger than needed to ensure fit)
speakerHoleDiameter = d_inner;

/* [Speaker Mounting Holes] */
// Diagonally opposing holes this distance apart.
speakerScrewHoleSpacing = 6.5;    // 6 inches or 152.4mm

numberOfSpeakerScrewHoles = 4;

// Size to .128 inch (3.25mm) seems good for #6 wood screw, (screw in slowly / don't overtighten to avoid cracking) - chase with drill bit if needed.
speakerScrewHoleDiameter = 0.128;

// Sets the angle from 0 to position holes, 45 is default.
speakerScrewHoleAngle = 45;

/* [Spacer Ring Mounting Holes] */

// Diagonally opposing holes this distance apart.
mountScrewHoleSpacing = 6.5;

numberOfMountScrewHoles = 4;

// Size to .2 inch (5.05mm) seems good for mount screws, (use oem if possible), (screw in slowly / don't overtighten to avoid cracking) - chase with drill bit if needed.
mountScrewHoleDiameter = 0.2;

/* [Vehicle Interface Area] */
interface_height = 0.25;      // 0.1875 is 3/16, do not set to zero
interface_width = 0.25;        // Width of interface area around the bottom of the ring
interface_offset = 0.0;

difference() {
    union(){

    // Main Speaker Ring
    translate([0,0,0])
        cylinder(d=d_outer+spacertrimthickness, h=ring_thickness, $fn=resolution);

    // Vehicle Interface
    translate([interface_offset,0,0])
        cylinder(d=d_outer+spacertrimthickness+interface_width, h=interface_height, $fn=resolution);
        //cylinder(d=d_outer+spacertrimthickness+side_b_interface_width, h=interface_height, $fn=resolution);

    }

    // Speaker Cutout
    translate([0,0,-ring_thickness*.25])
        cylinder(d=d_inner, h=ring_thickness+(ring_thickness*.5), $fn=resolution);

    // Speaker Flush Trim Cutout
    translate([0, 0, ring_thickness-spacerTrimHeight])
        cylinder(h=ring_thickness + spacerTrimHeight, d=d_outer, $fn=resolution);

    // MODULES
    screwCutOuts(0, speakerScrewHoleSpacing, numberOfSpeakerScrewHoles, speakerScrewHoleDiameter, speakerScrewHoleAngle);

    mountscrewCutOuts(0, mountScrewHoleSpacing, numberOfMountScrewHoles, mountScrewHoleDiameter);

}

//echo ((d_outer-d_inner)/2, units_entered);

module screwCutOuts(rotation, distance, numberOfHoles, holeDiameter, holeAngle)

{
	rotate ([rotation,0,0]) translate([0, 0, 0])
	{
		for (i = [0 : 360 / numberOfHoles : 360])
		{
			rotate([0,0,i + holeAngle])
				translate([0, distance / 2, ring_thickness*.25])
					cylinder(d = holeDiameter, h = ring_thickness * 2, $fn=32);
		}
	}
}

module mountscrewCutOuts(rotation, distance, numberOfHoles, holeDiameter)

{
	rotate ([rotation,0,0]) translate([0, 0, 0])
	{
		for (i = [0 : 360 / numberOfHoles : 360])
		{
			rotate([0,0,i + 0])
				translate([0, distance / 2, ((-ring_thickness*.25)-spacerTrimHeight)])
					union () {
                        cylinder(d = holeDiameter, h = ring_thickness*2, $fn=32);
                        translate([0,0,ring_thickness])
                        cylinder(d=holeDiameter+(holeDiameter*.75), h=ring_thickness-.25, $fn=32);
            }
		}
	}
}

```