[User]
Hey, I'm looking to generate some customizable honeycomb structures for 3D printing, and I'd like to do it in OpenSCAD. I saw this file `User_friendly_Honeycomb_Generator.scad` that works pretty well, but I'd like a more robust and flexible solution.

Essentially, I need a script that can generate a honeycomb pattern with several parameters:

1.  **Cell Radius:** This should control the overall size of the individual hexagon cells. Importantly, I need the option to specify if the given radius is the *inscribed* radius (corner to corner) or the *circumscribed* radius (edge to edge).
2.  **Cell Separation:** This controls the distance between the edges of adjacent honeycomb cells, effectively determining the "wall" thickness between holes.
3.  **Thickness:** This is the height/extrusion in the z-direction, essentially determining how thick the honeycomb is.
4.  **Overlap:** An option for increasing the wall thickness of the outer edge of the entire honeycomb array by adding an extra extrusion.
5.  **X and Y Count:** The number of honeycomb cells in the X and Y directions, defining the overall size of the array.

The script should generate a hollow honeycomb structure, with the holes extending all the way through, so I need an inner hole and an outer perimeter wall. I think the script provided makes that by generating two hexagons, one slightly larger than the other.

It'd be awesome if it could be done in a way that uses a loop to generate the pattern so I don't have to rely on translating many separate hexagons.

I think that's everything! If you need any more info please let me know.

[Assistant]
User_friendly_Honeycomb_Generator.scad:
```
radius = 4;
inscribedOrCircumscribed = 0;//	[0:Use inscribed (corner to corner) radius, 1:Use circumscribed (edge to edge) radius]
//(inscribed radius)*cos(30)=circumscribed radius
combRadius = radius*cos(30)*(1-inscribedOrCircumscribed)+radius*inscribedOrCircumscribed;
combWidth = 2*combRadius;
//distance between edges of honeycomb holes
combSeperation = 2;
//Thickness/extrusion in the z direction
thickness = 1;
//Extends the wall thickness for a thicker outside edge. Might cause slow build times for large arrays.
overlap = 0; //[0:Don't use overlapping shapes, 1:Use overlapping shapes]
//Number of holes in the X direction
X_Count = 3;
//Number of holes in the Y direction
Y_Count = 3;
l=1/cos(30);
y=l*sin(30);
//radius*cos(30) = combWidth/2
//radius=(combWidth/2)/cos(3);

//hexagon(h=thickness,w=combWidth);
honeycomb(X_Count,Y_Count);
//hollowHexagon(thickness,combWidth,combSeperation/2);

module hexagon(h=1,w=1){
    //l*cos(30)=1,

    hexPoints=[[1,y],[0,l],[-1,y],[-1,-y],[0,-l],[1,-y]];
    linear_extrude(h){
        polygon((w/2)*hexPoints);
    }
}
module hollowHexagon(h=1,cW=10,wallWidth=1){
    difference(){
        hexagon(h,cW+wallWidth*2+overlap*wallWidth*2);

        translate([0,0,-1]){
            hexagon(h+2,cW);
        }

    }

}

module honeycomb(xCount, yCount){
    yShift=sin(60)*(combWidth+combSeperation);
    for (j =[0:yCount-1]){
        translate([0,yShift*j,0]){
            for (i = [0:xCount-1]) {
               translate([(combWidth*.5+combSeperation*.5)*(j%2),0,0]){
               translate([i*(combWidth+combSeperation),0,0]){
                  hollowHexagon(thickness,combWidth,combSeperation/2);
               }
               }

            }
        }

    }

}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric OpenSCAD file for creating molds to make silicone O-rings. The user should be able to specify the inner diameter and thickness of the O-ring, and the script should generate two mold halves.

Here are the specifics:

*   **Parameters:**
    *   `Inner_Diameter`: The inner diameter of the O-ring in millimeters. Should accept values from 1 to 100.
    *   `Thickness`: The thickness/diameter of the O-ring in millimeters. Should accept values from 1 to 10.
    *   `part`: A selection to choose whether to render the first mold half, the second mold half, or both. Possible values should be "first", "second", and "both". The default value should be "both".

*   **Mold Design:**
    *   The molds should be two halves that fit together to form the O-ring cavity.
    *   The first mold half should have a negative cutout of the O-ring shape.
    *   The second mold half should have a positive cutout that is slightly larger (consider tolerance) to create the O-ring. I'd say about 0.3mm of tolerance should work.
    *   The molds should have alignment features, maybe some spherical protrusions on one half and corresponding cutouts on the other.
    *   There should be a sprue for injecting the silicone. This should be a small cylinder going into the ring cavity. The radius of the sprue should be about 1/1.5th the O-ring radius.
    *   The molds should be a rectangular prism, so all the cutouts are contained inside of it.
    *   The mold should have some extra wall thickness around the o-ring cavity, maybe 5mm or so.
    * The molds should be designed so that they stand upright with a flat bottom
    * The mold should have two small spheres to hold the molds together in the correct alignment.

*   **Other:**
    *   A `resolution` parameter should control the smoothness of the curved parts, and should default to 100.
    *   The mold's overall dimensions should scale automatically with the parameters.

The scad file should be very similar to the code I've attached below, but I need it to be parametric so I can experiment. The code should generate two molds that when put together will make an o-ring of the given size.

I'm not sure if this will require any additional libraries.

```
part = "both"; // [first:Mold 1 Only,second:Mold 2 Only,both:Mold 1 and Mold 2]

/* [Parameters] */
//The inner diameter (ID) of the O-ring in Millimeters
Inner_Diameter = 10; // [1:100]
//The thickness/diameter of the of the O-ring in Millimeters
Thickness = 5; // [1:10]

/* [Hidden] */
moldWalls = 5;
tolerance = 0.3;
resolution = 100;

radius = Thickness/2;
outerDiameter = Inner_Diameter + (Thickness*2);
moldHeight = 1.5*(outerDiameter + (moldWalls*2));
moldWidth = moldHeight;
moldDepth = 1.5*(radius + moldWalls);
Sprue_Radius = radius/1.5;

print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "first") {
		mold1();
	} else if (part == "second") {
		mold2();
	} else if (part == "both") {
		both();
	} else {
		both();
	}
}

module both() {
    mold1();
    mold2();
}

module mold1() {
    translate([0,0,moldDepth]) {
    rotate([0,-90,0]) {
    translate([0,(moldWidth/1.5),0]) {
        rotate([0,0,180]) {
            union() {
            difference() {
                union() {
                    difference() {
                        translate([0,-(moldWidth/2),-(moldWidth/2)]) {
                            cube([moldDepth,moldWidth,moldHeight]);
                        }
                        rotate([0,90,0]) {
                            rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution) {
                                translate([radius + (Inner_Diameter/2),0,0]) {
                                    circle(radius, $fn = resolution);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    rotate([0,90,0]) {
                        rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution) {
                            translate([radius + ((1.5*(Inner_Diameter + radius + 6))/2),0,0]) {
                                circle(radius, $fn = resolution);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                translate([0,0,(Inner_Diameter/2) + radius]) {
                    cylinder((moldHeight/2), r = Sprue_Radius, $fn = resolution);
                }
            }
            translate([0, (moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, (moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1), $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, -(moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, -(moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1), $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, (-(moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2), (moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1), $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, (moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, -(moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1), $fn = resolution);
            }
        }
        }
    }
}
}
}

module mold2() {
    translate([0,0,moldDepth]) {
    rotate([0,-90,0]) {
    translate([0,(-(moldWidth/1.5)),0]) {
        difference() {
        difference() {
            difference() {
                difference() {
                    translate([-(moldDepth),-(moldWidth/2),-(moldWidth/2)]) {
                        cube([moldDepth,moldWidth,moldHeight]);
                    }
                    rotate([0,90,0]) {
                        rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution) {
                            translate([radius + (Inner_Diameter/2),0,0]) {
                                circle(radius, $fn = resolution);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                rotate([0,90,0]) {
                    rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution) {
                        translate([(radius + (tolerance/2)) + ((1.5*((Inner_Diameter - tolerance) + radius + 6))/2),0,0]) {
                            circle(radius + tolerance, $fn = resolution);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            translate([0,0,(Inner_Diameter/2) + radius]) {
                cylinder((moldHeight/2), r = Sprue_Radius, $fn = resolution);
            }
        }
            translate([0, (moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, (moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1)+tolerance, $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, -(moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, -(moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1)+tolerance, $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, -(moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, (moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1)+tolerance, $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, (moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, -(moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1)+tolerance, $fn = resolution);
            }
        }
    }
}
}
}
```

[Assistant]
ORing.scad:
```
part = "both"; // [first:Mold 1 Only,second:Mold 2 Only,both:Mold 1 and Mold 2]

/* [Parameters] */
//The inner diameter (ID) of the O-ring in Millimeters
Inner_Diameter = 10; // [1:100]
//The thickness/diameter of the of the O-ring in Millimeters
Thickness = 5; // [1:10]

/* [Hidden] */
moldWalls = 5;
tolerance = 0.3;
resolution = 100;

radius = Thickness/2;
outerDiameter = Inner_Diameter + (Thickness*2);
moldHeight = 1.5*(outerDiameter + (moldWalls*2));
moldWidth = moldHeight;
moldDepth = 1.5*(radius + moldWalls);
Sprue_Radius = radius/1.5;

print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "first") {
		mold1();
	} else if (part == "second") {
		mold2();
	} else if (part == "both") {
		both();
	} else {
		both();
	}
}

module both() {
    mold1();
    mold2();
}

module mold1() {
    translate([0,0,moldDepth]) {
    rotate([0,-90,0]) {
    translate([0,(moldWidth/1.5),0]) {
        rotate([0,0,180]) {
            union() {
            difference() {
                union() {
                    difference() {
                        translate([0,-(moldWidth/2),-(moldWidth/2)]) {
                            cube([moldDepth,moldWidth,moldHeight]);
                        }
                        rotate([0,90,0]) {
                            rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution) {
                                translate([radius + (Inner_Diameter/2),0,0]) {
                                    circle(radius, $fn = resolution);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    rotate([0,90,0]) {
                        rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution) {
                            translate([radius + ((1.5*(Inner_Diameter + radius + 6))/2),0,0]) {
                                circle(radius, $fn = resolution);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                translate([0,0,(Inner_Diameter/2) + radius]) {
                    cylinder((moldHeight/2), r = Sprue_Radius, $fn = resolution);
                }
            }
            translate([0, (moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, (moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1), $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, -(moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, -(moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1), $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, (-(moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2), (moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1), $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, (moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, -(moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1), $fn = resolution);
            }
        }
        }
    }
}
}
}

module mold2() {
    translate([0,0,moldDepth]) {
    rotate([0,-90,0]) {
    translate([0,(-(moldWidth/1.5)),0]) {
        difference() {
        difference() {
            difference() {
                difference() {
                    translate([-(moldDepth),-(moldWidth/2),-(moldWidth/2)]) {
                        cube([moldDepth,moldWidth,moldHeight]);
                    }
                    rotate([0,90,0]) {
                        rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution) {
                            translate([radius + (Inner_Diameter/2),0,0]) {
                                circle(radius, $fn = resolution);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                rotate([0,90,0]) {
                    rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution) {
                        translate([(radius + (tolerance/2)) + ((1.5*((Inner_Diameter - tolerance) + radius + 6))/2),0,0]) {
                            circle(radius + tolerance, $fn = resolution);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            translate([0,0,(Inner_Diameter/2) + radius]) {
                cylinder((moldHeight/2), r = Sprue_Radius, $fn = resolution);
            }
        }
            translate([0, (moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, (moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1)+tolerance, $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, -(moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, -(moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1)+tolerance, $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, -(moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, (moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1)+tolerance, $fn = resolution);
            }
            translate([0, (moldWidth - (3*(radius)+2))/2, -(moldHeight - (3*(radius)+2))/2]) {
                sphere((radius*1)+tolerance, $fn = resolution);
            }
        }
    }
}
}
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric OpenSCAD model for a glasses temple, like the arm that goes over your ear. I found a good starting point on Thingiverse, but I want to make it more customizable and accessible.

Basically, the design will consist of a long, slightly tapered piece that attaches to the glasses frame with a hinge, then curves down towards the ear. Here's what I need to be able to control:

**Temple Dimensions:**

*   **Temple Height:** The height or thickness of the temple arm.
*   **Temple Width:** The width of the temple arm.
*   **Temple Taper:** How much the temple arm tapers from the hinge towards the end, in terms of an angle.
*   **Curve:** An option to choose if the temple arm has a curve at all. This should be either a Yes/No option, and if set to Yes the next setting should be enabled.
*   **Curve Amount:** How much the temple arm curves, expressed as a value (to parameterize a parabolic bend).

**Hinge:**

*   **Hinge Height:** The height of the hinge area, where it connects to the frame.
*   **Screw Radius:** The radius of the hole for the screw in the hinge.
*   **Hinge Spacer:**  The length of the hinge section.
*    **Gap Tolerance:** A tolerance value to account for the 3D printer, to create a gap in the hinge.

**Ear Bend:**

*   **Temple Length 1:** The length of the straight part of the temple before it begins to curve.
*   **Ear Radius:** The radius of the main curve that goes over the ear.
*   **Ear Radius 2:** The radius of the secondary curve that tapers the end
*   **Temple Length 2:** The length of the end of the temple, after the ear curve.
*    **Temple Angle:** The angle of the ear bend.

I'd like this to be parametric, so the model changes smoothly when any of the above values change.  I think a library for the bend would be helpful, since that functionality has been proven out in the code I've already found, but I'm not sure which one you'd recommend. I'm open to any suggestions.  Could you generate the OpenSCAD file(s) for me?

[Assistant]
glasses_arm2.scad:
```

/* [Temples (Arms)] */
//Height of the temple
Temple_Height = 14.2;		//[8:0.1:20]
//Width of the temple
Temple_Width = 4.5;		//[2:0.1:10]
//Amount of taper
Temple_Taper = 1.4;	//[0:0.1:3]
//If curving, enable this after you have set all of the other options because Thingiverse displays the model very small.
Curved_Temple = "No"; //[Yes,No]
//Amount of curve
Temple_Curve = 35;	//[0:100]

/* [Hinge] */
//Hinge height
Hinge_Height = 5.6;	//[2:0.1:16]
//Hinge screw hole radius
Screw_Radius = 1.0;			//[0.1:0.1:2]
//Hinge temple offset spacer
Hinge_Spacer = 5;			//[1:0.1:10]
//Gap tolerance
Tolerance = 0.5; 			//[0:0.1:1]

/* [Ear Bend] */
//Temple length to ear curve
Temple_Length1 = 77;  //[50:100]
//Ear Bend Radius
Ear_Radius = 22;		//[10:40]
//Ear Bend Radius
Ear_Radius2 = 14;		//[5:40]
// Temple end length
Temple_Length2 = 29;	//[10:40]
//Ear bend angle
Temple_Angle = 30;	//[10:45]

/* [Hidden] */

$fn = 100;

temple_h1 = Temple_Height+.5; // Arm height adjustment
temple_h2 = Temple_Height-9;	// Ear bend height adjustment
temple_h3 = Temple_Height-7.7;	// Arm end height adjustment

eps = 1e-3;

translate([0, 0, -200])
rotate(90, [1,0,0])
intersection() {
	rotate(Temple_Taper, [0,1,0])
	temple();
	temple();
}

$t = 50;

module temple() {

	if (Curved_Temple == "Yes") {
		translate([0, 20, 0])
		rotate(-90, [0,0,1])
		parabolic_bend([400, 500, Temple_Width*1.5], (Temple_Curve * .0001))
		translate([20, 0, 0])
		rotate(90, [0,0,1])
			linear_extrude(height=Temple_Width) _temple();
	}else{
		linear_extrude(height=Temple_Width) _temple();
	}

		translate([-(Hinge_Spacer+1)/2, 0, (Temple_Width+2)/2])
			difference() {
                                union() {
												// hinge body
                                    translate([(Temple_Width)/2,0,-1])
												//cube([Hinge_Spacer+1-(Temple_Width+2)/2, Hinge_Height-0.5, Temple_Width+2], center=true);
                                    cube([Hinge_Spacer, Hinge_Height-Tolerance, Temple_Width], center=true);
                                    // curved hinge edge
												translate([-((Temple_Width)/4)+1, 0, -1]) rotate([90,0,0])
                                    cylinder(r=(Temple_Width)/2, h=Hinge_Height-Tolerance, center=true, $fn=30);
                                }
				// screw hole
				translate([0, 0, -1])
				rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(r=Screw_Radius, h=Hinge_Height+0.5, center=true, $fn=30);
			}
}

module _temple() {
	hull() {
		// main body
		square([eps, temple_h1], center=true);
		translate([Temple_Length1+eps, 0]) square([eps,temple_h2], center=true);

	}
	// ear curve
	translate([Temple_Length1, 0]) for (i=[0:Ear_Radius2-1]) hull() {
		translate([sin(Temple_Angle*i/(Ear_Radius2-1))*Ear_Radius, -(1-cos(Temple_Angle*i/(Ear_Radius2-1)))*Ear_Radius])
			rotate(-Temple_Angle*i/(Ear_Radius2-1))
				square([eps, temple_h2], center=true);

		translate([sin(Temple_Angle*(i+1)/(Ear_Radius2-1))*Ear_Radius, -(1-cos(Temple_Angle*(i+1)/(Ear_Radius2-1)))*Ear_Radius])
			rotate(-Temple_Angle*(i+1)/(Ear_Radius2-1))
				square([eps, temple_h2], center=true);
	}
	//tail piece
	translate([Temple_Length1+sin(Temple_Angle)*Ear_Radius, -(1-cos(Temple_Angle))*Ear_Radius])
		rotate(-Temple_Angle) hull() {
			square([eps, temple_h2], center=true);
			translate([Temple_Length2, 0]) square([eps,temple_h3], center=true);
 		translate([Temple_Length2, 0]) circle(temple_h3/2);
		}
}

// Bend flat object on parabole
// dimensions: vector with dimensions of the object that should be bent
// steepness:  coeficient 'a' of the function 'y = a * x^2'
// nsteps:     number of parts the object will be split into before being bent
module parabolic_bend(dimensions, steepness, nsteps = $fn) {
	function curr_z(step, ysw) = steepness * pow(step * ysw, 2);
	function flat_width(step, ysw) =
		ysw * sqrt(pow(2 * steepness * step * ysw, 2) + 1);
	function acc_y(step, ysw) =
		step == 0 ? ysw / 2 : acc_y(step - 1, ysw) + flat_width(step, ysw);

	assign(max_y = dimensions.y / sqrt(1 + steepness))
	assign(ysw = nsteps == 0 ? tan($fa) / (2 * steepness) : max_y / nsteps)
	assign(steps = nsteps == 0 ? max_y / ysw : nsteps)
	{
		intersection() {
			children(0);
			cube([dimensions.x, ysw/2, dimensions.z]);
		}

		for (step = [1:ceil(steps)]) {
			assign(curr_flat = flat_width(step, ysw))
			assign(acc_flat = acc_y(step - 1, ysw))
			assign(angle = atan(2 * steepness * step * ysw))
			{
				translate([0, step * ysw, curr_z(step, ysw)])
   				rotate(angle, [1, 0, 0])
						translate([0, -acc_flat - curr_flat/2, 0])
							intersection() {
								children(0);
								translate([0, acc_flat, 0])
									cube([dimensions.x, curr_flat, dimensions.z]);
							}
			}
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
I need help designing an OpenSCAD file for creating customizable endcaps for tubes. I'd like to have a series of rings stacked on top of each other, followed by a solid cap at the very top.

The design should be fully parametric, allowing me to adjust the following:

*   The inner diameter of the rings should be adjustable, with separate parameters for the minimum and maximum inner diameter. The rings should taper, getting wider as they go up.
*   The number of rings should be adjustable.
*   The height of each individual ring should be adjustable.
*   I want to be able to control the taper of the rings with a "ratio" parameter. A ratio of 1 would mean no taper (all rings are the same size), while a ratio closer to 0 would make the rings taper more sharply, with the bottom-most ring being the smallest.
*   The cap at the top should have an adjustable outer diameter and height.
*   There should be a fillet at the top edge of the cap, with an adjustable radius.
*   Finally, there should be a cylindrical hole going through the entire endcap, with adjustable diameter and height (although the height of the hole should probably always exceed the total height of the endcap so that it goes all the way through).
*   The number of facets should be adjustable for the whole design.

I'm planning to use this to create a variety of endcaps for different sized tubes, so I want to be able to easily adjust all of these parameters to create a perfect fit each time. The end result should have a smooth, aesthetically pleasing taper and a nice rounded top edge.

I'll be using the MCAD library in my OpenSCAD project, so please keep that in mind for the design.

[Assistant]
Tube_endcap_customizer.scad:
```
/*[EndCap generator]*/

// Max inner diameter for the rings:
InnerMAXDiameter = 20;
// Min inner diameter for the rings:
InnerMINDiameter = 18;
// Number of rings:
Rings=6;
// Ring height:
RingHeight=3;
// Rings Ratio (1..0.93):
RingsRatio=1;
// CAP outer diameter:
CAPOuterDiameter=24;
// CAP height:
CAPHeight=10;
// Facets:
Facets=100; // [4:100]
// Fillet radius:
Fillet=6;
// Inner hole diameter:
InnerHoleDiameter=14;
// Inner hole height:
InnerHoleHeight=18;

module MakeCap()
{
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            // Rings
            for(i=[0:Rings-1])
            {
                Ratio=1-((1-RingsRatio)*(Rings-i));
                translate([0,0,i*RingHeight])
                    cylinder(h = RingHeight,
                        r1 = Ratio*InnerMINDiameter/2,
                        r2 = Ratio*InnerMAXDiameter/2,
                        center = false,$fn=Facets);
            }
            // Cap
            translate([0,0,RingHeight*Rings])
                cylinder(h = CAPHeight-Fillet,
                    r = CAPOuterDiameter/2,
                    center = false,$fn=Facets);
            translate([0,0,RingHeight*Rings+CAPHeight-Fillet])
                cylinder(h = Fillet,
                    r = CAPOuterDiameter/2-Fillet,
                    center = false,$fn=Facets);
            rotate([0,0,360/2*Facets])
            translate([0, 0, RingHeight*Rings+CAPHeight-Fillet])
                rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn = Facets)
                    translate([CAPOuterDiameter/2-Fillet, 0, 0])
                        intersection()
                            {
                            circle(r = Fillet, $fn = Facets);
                            square(Fillet);
                            }
        }
    // Hole
    cylinder(h = InnerHoleHeight,
                r = InnerHoleDiameter/2,
                center = false,$fn=Facets);

    }
}

// Main
MakeCap();

```


[User]
I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD script that generates a rectangular end cap with internal rings for a snug fit. The end cap should have a series of internal rings along its length, and a cap at the end. I need to be able to control the following parameters:

*   `InnerLength`: The total length of the internal rings section.
*   `InnerX`: The maximum X dimension of the internal rings.
*   `InnerY`: The maximum Y dimension of the internal rings.
*   `RatioRingsInner`: A ratio (1 or less) to scale the inner dimensions of each ring relative to the `InnerX` and `InnerY`, this will be applied at each ring level.
*   `Rings`: The number of internal rings.
*   `RingsRatio`:  A ratio (1 or less) that will determine the size of the rings as they go further inside the cap. This ratio will be scaled from 1.0 down.
*   `CAPOuterX`: The outer X dimension of the cap.
*   `CAPOuterY`: The outer Y dimension of the cap.
*   `CAPHeight`: The height of the end cap portion.
*   `InnerHoleX`: The X dimension of a rectangular hole running through the center of the cap.
*  `InnerHoleY`: The Y dimension of a rectangular hole running through the center of the cap.
*   `InnerHoleHeight`: The length of the rectangular hole.

The rings should start at `InnerX` and `InnerY` and scale down towards the back, using `RatioRingsInner` and `RingsRatio`.  The cap should be a simple rectangular prism.  The hole should go all the way through the end cap, with the hole running through the rings and the cap.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD file for me? It looks like the provided example uses only the built-in OpenSCAD modules, so I don't expect any libraries to be needed.

[Assistant]
Rectangular_endcap_customizer.scad:
```
/*[EndCap generator]*/

// Length of the inner insertion:
InnerLength = 15;
// Max X inner diameter for the rings:
InnerX = 20;
// Max Y inner diameter for the rings:
InnerY = 10;
// Ratio for the smaller ring dimensions (1 or less, 0.94 typical.):
RatioRingsInner=0.95;
// Number of rings:
Rings=4;
// Rings Ratio (1 or less, 0.98 typical.):
RingsRatio=1;
// CAP outer X:
CAPOuterX=24;
// CAP outer Y:
CAPOuterY=14;
// CAP height:
CAPHeight=3;
// Inner hole X dimension:
InnerHoleX=10;
// Inner hole Y dimension:
InnerHoleY=5;
// Inner hole height:
InnerHoleHeight=15;

module MakeRCap()
{
    translate([0,0,InnerLength+CAPHeight])
    rotate([180,0,0])
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            // Rings
            for(i=[0:Rings-1])
            {
                Ratio=1-((1-RingsRatio)*(Rings-i));
                RingHeight=InnerLength/Rings;
                translate([0,0,(i+1)*RingHeight])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                linear_extrude(height = RingHeight, scale=RatioRingsInner)
                    square([Ratio*InnerX,Ratio*InnerY],center=true);
            }
            // Cap
            translate([0,0,InnerLength+CAPHeight/2]) cube([CAPOuterX,CAPOuterY,CAPHeight],center=true);
        }
    // Hole
    translate([-InnerHoleX/2,-InnerHoleY/2,0]) cube([InnerHoleX,InnerHoleY, InnerHoleHeight]);
    }
}

// Main
MakeRCap();

```


[User]
I need help designing a customizable phone charging dock. I want to be able to use the same base for different phones and different charging cables. Basically, I want it to be a universal dock. The dock should consist of three parts: a base, a top holder for the phone, and a connector adapter for the charging cable.

The base should be a simple, fixed design that the other two parts can slot into. The top holder should be customizable to fit the dimensions of my phone, even with a case on. I'd like to be able to specify the phone's width, depth from the back of the connector to the back of the phone, and optionally add extra side support for a more secure hold in a car or boat. If I choose to add the extra side support, I'll also need to specify the phone's total thickness.

The connector adapter needs to accommodate different charging cable connectors. I want to be able to define the connector's width, depth, and height. There should also be an option to choose between a square or elliptical connector shape. Additionally, I'd like two advanced options for the connector: an offset to fine-tune its horizontal position and an "extra depth" option to extend the phone depth by 10 mm for very thick cases.

For the top holder, I'd like to add some text for personalization. There should be two text fields: one for the phone's name and another for a custom label. The custom label should have an adjustable font size.

Ideally, the design should be printable without supports. The base should print upright, the top holder upside down, and the connector adapter at a slight 10-degree angle. The parts should fit tightly together, possibly requiring a bit of sanding or cutting.

Could you create a parametric OpenSCAD file or files for this design? I know I'll need the `boxes.scad` file from the MCAD library for rounded boxes.

[Assistant]
MobileHolderV7.scad:
```
// preview[view:south west, tilt:top diagonal]
include <MCAD/boxes.scad>  // Include Boxes library to get easy rounded boxes

/* [Top holder spec] */
// Which one would you like to see?
part = "second"; // [first:Top holder,second:Connector]

// Text line 1, example: Phone model name
phone_name = "phone";

// Font size for text line 2, "TextLabel"
font_size = 11; // [3:29]

// Text line 2, example: Your own name
TextLabel = "Name";
font = "REGISTRATION PLATE UK:style=Bold";

// The width of your phone including any cover you have on it (in mm)
phone_width = 63; // [50:150]

// The length from the back of the connector to the back of the phone (in mm)
phone_depth = 4; // [0:0.1:7]

// Add extra support on the side holders?
support = 0; // [1:Yes,0:No]

// Only needed if you have extra support: The total depth/thickness of your phone (in mm)
phone_thickness = 12; // [2:0.1:16]

/* [Connector adapter spec] */
// The width of the connector (in mm)
connector_width = 11.1; // [0:0.1:32]

// The depth of the connector (in mm)
connector_depth = 6.2; // [0:0.1:14]

// The height of the connector (in mm)
connector_height = 17; // [0:0.1:29]

// Advanced: Offset of the connector (experimental) (in mm)
offset = 0; // [-10:0.1:10]

// Advanced: Add 10 mm to the phone depth (experimental)
extraD = 0; // [1:Yes,0:No]

// The shape of the connector
connector_shape = "square"; // [square:Square,ellipse:Ellipse]

module oval(w,h, height, center = false) {
  scale([1, h/w, 1]) cylinder(h=height, r=w, center=center, $fs = 0.01);
}

print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "first") {
		topholder();
	} else if (part == "second") {
		connector();
	} else {
		topholder();
	}
}

module topholder() {

rotate([180,0,180]) {
// Difference will construct a main shape and subtract cut outs
difference() {

  // Main Shape
  union(){
    translate([((phone_thickness+extraD*10+11-phone_depth)/2)-2,0,0]) {
    roundedBox([phone_thickness+extraD*10+11-phone_depth+4, phone_width+8, 30], 4, true, $fn=40);
    }
    roundedBox([26, 50, 30], 4, true, $fn=40);
  } // End union

  // Cut outs
  translate([20,0,0]) {
    cube([40,phone_width,32],true);
    cube([42,49,32],true);
    }
    translate([-6.1,0,5]) {
      cube([4.2,42,35],true);
    }

   if (support == 0) {
    translate([phone_thickness+extraD*10+11-phone_depth-2,0,0]) {
      cube([4, 300, 32], true);
    }
    }

  } // End difference

// Add ons

difference() {
  union(){
    translate([-4,-25,-15]) {
      cube([4,50,51.1],false);
      cube([11-phone_depth,50,45],false);
    }

    translate([-3.9,-10,-15]) {
      cube([2.05,20,54.1],false);
    }

if (support == 0) {

    translate([((phone_thickness+extraD*10+11-phone_depth))-4,phone_width/2+2,0]) {
      roundedBox([4, 4, 30], 2, true, $fn=40);
    }

    translate([((phone_thickness+extraD*10+11-phone_depth))-4,-phone_width/2-2,0]) {
      roundedBox([4, 4, 30], 2, true, $fn=40);
    }

    }

if (support == 1) {

    translate([((phone_thickness+extraD*10+11-phone_depth))-2,phone_width/2-1,0]) {
      roundedBox([4, 5.5, 30], 2, true, $fn=40);
    }

    translate([((phone_thickness+extraD*10+11-phone_depth))-2,-phone_width/2+1,0]) {
      roundedBox([4, 5.5, 30], 2, true, $fn=40);
    }

    }

  } // End union

  // Cut out text
   translate([6-phone_depth,0,11]) {
    rotate([90,180,90]) {
      linear_extrude(height = 1.5) {
        text(text = str(TextLabel), font = font, size = font_size, valign = "center", halign = "center");
      }
    }
    }

     translate([6-phone_depth,0,-10]) {
    rotate([90,180,90]) {
      linear_extrude(height = 1.5) {
        text(text = str(phone_name), font = font, size = 4, valign = "center", halign = "center");
      }
    }
    }
} // End difference

}
}

module connector() {

if (extraD == 0) {
rotate([0,10,180]) {
  translate([-40,0,-0.5]) {
// Difference will construct a main shape and subtract cut outs
difference() {

  // Main Shape
  union(){
    translate([0,0,0]) {
    roundedBox([16, 37.8, 31], 2, true, $fn=40);
    }
    translate([0,-18.9,-15.5]) {
      cube([8, 37.8, 31], false);
    }
  } // End union

  // Cut outs
  translate([-2.15,17,-5.8]) {
    cube([4.3,2.10,21.34],false);
  }

  translate([-2.15,-17-2.10,-5.8]) {
    cube([4.3,2.10,21.34],false);
  }

  translate([0,offset,0]) {
    cylinder( 35,3,3, true, $fn=30);
  }

  translate([0,-2.75+offset,-18]) {
    cube([10,5.5,35],false);
  }

  rotate([0,-10,0]) {
    translate([-15,-20,-18.6]) {
      cube([25,40,5],false);
    }
  }

  // Customized hole
    if(connector_shape == "square") {
      translate([-connector_depth/2,-connector_width/2+offset,15.6-(connector_height-1)]) {
          cube([connector_depth,connector_width,connector_height-1],false);
      }
    } else {
     translate([0,offset,15.6-(connector_height-1)]) {
          oval(connector_depth/2,connector_width/2,connector_height-1,false);
      }
    }

  } // End difference

}
}
}

if (extraD == 1) {
rotate([0,10,180]) {
  translate([-40,0,-0.5]) {
// Difference will construct a main shape and subtract cut outs
difference() {

  // Main Shape
  union(){
    translate([-8,0,-2]) {
    roundedBox([20, 37.8, 35], 2, true, $fn=40);
    }
    translate([0,-18.9,-15.5]) {
      cube([8, 37.8, 31], false);
    }
  } // End union

  // Cut outs
  translate([-2.15,17,-5.8]) {
    cube([4.3,2.10,21.34],false);
  }

  translate([-2.15,-17-2.10,-5.8]) {
    cube([4.3,2.10,21.34],false);
  }

  translate([-10,-2.75+offset,-18]) {
    cube([20,5.5,35],false);
  }

  union(){
      translate([-10,0,0]) {
  translate([0,offset,0]) {
    cylinder( 35,3,3, true, $fn=30);
  }

  rotate([0,-10,0]) {
    translate([-35,-20,-23.6]) {
      cube([55,40,10],false);
    }
  }

  // Customized hole
  translate([-connector_depth/2,-connector_width/2+offset,15.6-(connector_height-1)]) {
    cube([connector_depth,connector_width,connector_height-1],false);
  }
  }
  }

  } // End difference

}
}
}

}

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a USB organizer. I want to be able to mount it on a wall using screws, so it needs screw holes on the back. The organizer should have a grid of holes for inserting USB connectors, specifically USB type A.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to adjust:

**Body:**

*   Number of rows and columns for the grid of USB holes
*   Spacing between the holes
*   The radius of the rounded corners of the body
*   Height of the backplate behind the holes

**Connector Hole:**

*   Width and height of the connector (defaulting to USB A dimensions: 12mm width, 4.5mm height)
*   Length (depth) of the connector hole (defaulting to 13mm for USB A)
*   Tolerance for the connector hole, to ensure a snug fit without being too tight

**Screw Hole:**

*   Diameter and height of the screw head
*   Diameter of the screw shank
*   Tolerance for the screw hole

The design should calculate the overall dimensions of the organizer based on these parameters. For example, the width and length of the body should be determined by the number of rows/columns, the spacing, connector dimensions, screw hole dimensions, and wall thickness.

The USB connector holes should have slightly rounded tops to make insertion easier. The screw holes should be designed so that the screw heads are recessed, allowing the organizer to sit flush against the wall. Ideally, there should be screw holes in the top left, top right, bottom left, and bottom right corners, but if the organizer is too short to accommodate all four, it should at least have the top two.

I'd like you to use OpenSCAD to create the parametric design and include comments explaining the code. Please make sure the design utilizes the MCAD library.

[Assistant]
Usb_Organizer_1.1.scad:
```
/*

LICENCE
    USB Organizer by Sepio is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

VERSION
    0.x - Sepio - 2016-07-02
    - Idea + programming

    1.0 - Sepio - 2016-07-03
    - First version

    1.1 - Sepio - 2016-07-05
    - Different way to create flat underside the body (without extra hull operation)
*/

/* [Body] */
// Number of horizontal holes
body_grid_cols               = 2; // [1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
// Number of vertical holes
body_grid_rows               = 4; // [1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
// Space between holes in mm
body_grid_spacing            = 10; // [2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
// Height of the backplate behind the holes in mm
body_backplate_height        = 1; // [0:1:10]
// The radius of the body corners
body_corner_radius           = 3;  // [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

/* [Connector hole] */
// Exact width of connector in mm, USB A = 12mm
connector_width             = 12;  // [1:0.1:20]
// Exact height of connector in mm, USB A = 4.5mm
connector_height            = 4.5; // [1:0.1:20]
// Length of connector (depth of hole) in mm, USB A = 12.x mm
connector_length            = 13; // [1:0.5:20]
// Tolerance in mm for the connector hole  (0.05 + filament shrinkage)
connector_tolerance         = .3; // [0:0.05:1]

/* [Screw hole] */
// Diameter of the screw head in mm
screw_head_diameter         = 8; // [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
// Height of the screw head in mm
screw_head_height           = 4; // [2,3,4,5,6]
//Diameter of the screw shank (or thread) in mm
screw_shank_diameter        = 4; // [2,3,4,5,6]
//Tolerance in mm for the screw hole
screw_tolerance             = 1; // [0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4]

/* [Hidden] */
//Thicknes off the wall (space between screw hole and connector hole)
screw_hole_wall_thickness   = 1; // [1,2]

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*Calculated vars, please do not change*/
$fn=90;

screw_head_radius  = (screw_head_diameter+screw_tolerance)/2;
screw_shank_radius = (screw_shank_diameter)/2;
screw_hole_width   = (screw_head_radius*2);
screw_hole_length  = (screw_head_radius*4);

echo("screw head radius:", screw_head_radius);
echo("screw shank radius:", screw_shank_radius);
echo("screw hole width", screw_hole_width) ;
echo("screw hole length", screw_hole_length) ;
echo("screw hole wall thickness", screw_hole_wall_thickness) ;

body_height =
    connector_length
    + connector_tolerance
    + body_backplate_height;
body_radius =
    min(body_corner_radius, ((body_height-0.1)/2));
body_width =
    (screw_hole_wall_thickness * 4)
    + (screw_head_radius * 4)
    + (body_grid_cols * (connector_width + connector_tolerance))
    + ((body_grid_cols-1) * body_grid_spacing);
body_length =
    (screw_hole_wall_thickness * 4)
    + (screw_head_radius * 4)
    + (body_grid_rows * (connector_height + connector_tolerance))
    + ((body_grid_rows-1) * body_grid_spacing);

echo("body height:", body_height);
echo("body width:",  body_width);
echo("body length:", body_length);
echo("body radius:", body_radius);
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*Just one connector*/
module connector_hole(width, depth, height){
    difference(){
        union() {
            /*Connector hole*/
            color("gray")
            translate([0,0,-0.01]){ /*Break through the bottom*/
                cube([width, depth, height+1]);
            }
            /*Top sides of the hole*/
            color("lightgray");
            translate([width/2,depth/2,height-1]) {
                linear_extrude(
                    height = min(width,height)/2
                    , center = false
                    , scale = [2,2]
                    , convexity = 10
                    , twist = 0
                ) {
                    translate([-width/2, -depth/2 ,0])
                    square([width, depth]);
                }
            }

        }

        /*Make the top side as small as possible*/
        translate([-width,-depth,height+0.5]){
            cube([width*3, depth*3, min(width,height)]);
        }
    }
}

/*All connectors in the grid*/
module connector_holes (cols, rows){
    translate([-body_radius,-body_radius,0]){
        for (col = [1:1:cols]) {
            for (row = [1:1:rows]) {
                x = ((screw_head_radius+screw_hole_wall_thickness)*2)
                  + ((col-1)*(connector_width+connector_tolerance))
                  + ((col-1)*body_grid_spacing);

                y = ((screw_head_radius+screw_hole_wall_thickness)*2)
                  + ((row-1)*(connector_height+connector_tolerance))
                  + ((row-1)*body_grid_spacing);

                z = body_backplate_height;
                echo("Hole",row*col,x,y,z);
                translate([x,y,z]) {
                    connector_hole(
                        connector_width + connector_tolerance
                        , connector_height + connector_tolerance
                        , connector_length + connector_tolerance
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/* A hole (on the back) to mount the organizer */
module screw_hole(){
    //$fn=60;
    translate([-body_radius,-body_radius,0]){
        union (){
            color("lightgray")
            hull(){
                translate([
                    screw_head_radius
                    ,  screw_head_radius
                    , -.5 /*break through the bottom*/
                ]){
                    cylinder(r=screw_head_radius, h=3);
                }
                translate([
                    screw_head_radius
                    , (screw_head_radius*3)
                    , -.5 /*break through the bottom*/
                ]){
                    cylinder(r=screw_shank_radius, h=3);
                }
            }

            color("gray")
            hull(){
                translate([
                    screw_head_radius
                    , screw_head_radius
                    , 2
                ]){
                    cylinder(r=screw_head_radius, h=screw_head_height+screw_tolerance);
                }
                translate([
                    screw_head_radius
                    , (screw_head_radius*3)
                    , 2
                ]){
                    cylinder(r=screw_head_radius, h=screw_head_height+screw_tolerance);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/*The organizer body*/
module organizer_body (width, depth, height) {
    translate([-body_radius,-body_radius,-body_radius]){
        difference(){
            /*rounded body*/
            translate([body_radius,body_radius,body_radius]){
                minkowski(){
                    cube([width-(body_radius*2), depth-(body_radius*2), height-(body_radius)]);
                    sphere(r=body_radius);
                }
            }

            cube([width, depth, body_radius]);
        }
    }
}

/*The body with holes*/
module main(){
    translate([body_radius,body_radius,0]){
        difference() {
            /*Body*/
            organizer_body(body_width, body_length, body_height);

            /*The grid of connector holes*/
            connector_holes(body_grid_cols, body_grid_rows);

            /*Top left screw hole*/
            translate([
                screw_hole_wall_thickness
                , body_length - screw_hole_length - screw_hole_wall_thickness
                , 0
            ]) {
                screw_hole();
            }

            /*Top right screw hole*/
            translate([
                body_width - screw_hole_width - screw_hole_wall_thickness
                , body_length - screw_hole_length - screw_hole_wall_thickness
                , 0
            ]) {
                screw_hole();
            }

            /*If there is enough room for top and bottom screw holes*/
            if  (body_length > (2 * (screw_hole_length+screw_hole_wall_thickness)) ) {
                /*Bottom left screw hole*/
                translate([
                    screw_hole_wall_thickness
                    , screw_hole_wall_thickness
                    , 0
                ]) {
                    screw_hole();
                }

                /*Bottom right screw hole*/
                translate([
                    body_width - screw_hole_width - screw_hole_wall_thickness
                    , screw_hole_wall_thickness
                    , 0
                ]) {
                    screw_hole();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/*Draw everything*/
// preview[view:south, tilt:top]
main();
```


[User]
I'd like to design an egg holder that can also function as a base for an LED egg light lamp. I've already made an egg using the "Easter Egg Maker 2015" Thingiverse design (thing:719877), with the egg length set to 50mm and I cut off the bottom 2mm during printing. The resulting egg bottom has a diameter that I've measured and will provide.

Here's what I'm looking for in the base design:

1.  **Egg Holder:** The base needs a cylindrical recess to securely hold the egg upright. This recess should be a little bit smaller than the egg diameter so that the egg will sit securely. The depth of the recess should be around 3mm.
2.  **LED Base:** Below the egg holder, I want a base to house a Compact LED Light for a CR2032 battery. This base should have a cylindrical space to fit the light and needs a wall thickness surrounding it to provide a sturdy base. The base should be around 5mm high.
3.  **Support Removal:** There should be a small gap between the egg holder part and the base to easily remove any printing supports.

I'd like to be able to control a few parameters via the customizer to adjust the fit. I am thinking about the following:

*   `egg_holder_outer_diameter`: This will be the outer diameter of the egg holder, which I'll measure from the egg I've already printed.
*   `egg_holder_wall_thickness`: This will control the wall thickness of the egg holder.
*   `egg_holder_height`: Height of the egg holder.
*   `base_inner_diameter`: This is the inner diameter of the base where the LED light sits. This will be 30.1mm.
*   `base_wall_thickness`: This will control the wall thickness of the base.
*   `base_height`: Height of the base.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files for this design? I think all the shapes are fairly straightforward, so a single file should be fine.

[Assistant]
egg-base.scad:
```
// Customizable Egg Holder

/* [parameter] */

//The diameter of the bottom of the egg.
egg_holder_outer_diameter=13.92;

egg_holder_wall_thickness=1.2;

egg_holder_height=3;

//The diameter of the Compact LED Light for CR2032.
base_inner_diameter=30.1;

base_wall_thickness=2;

base_height=5;

/* [Hidden] */

difference() {
    union() {
        //base
        difference() {
            cylinder(h=base_height, d=(base_inner_diameter+base_wall_thickness), $fn=60);
            translate([0,0,-0.05])
                cylinder(h=(base_height-0.95), d=base_inner_diameter,$fn=36);
        }

        //egg holder
        cylinder(h=(egg_holder_height+base_height), d=egg_holder_outer_diameter, $fn=36);
    }

    //egg holder hole
    translate([0,0,-0.05])
        cylinder(h=(egg_holder_height+base_height+0.1), d=(egg_holder_outer_diameter-egg_holder_wall_thickness), $fn=36);

    //support break
    translate([0,0,(base_height-2)])
        cylinder(h=0.2, d=(egg_holder_outer_diameter+2), $fn=36);
}

```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD file to generate what's being called an "Ambiguous Cylinder" illusion. It's based on an illusion by Kokichi Sugihara where a shape looks like a circle from one angle and a square from another.

The basic idea is to take a cylinder (or a superellipse, really), and cut out a sine wave shape from the top and bottom. The sine wave cutout height should be adjustable.

I want to be able to adjust the height and diameter of the cylinder, as well as the wall thickness. I also need to be able to rotate the whole thing along the Z-axis (which I believe will alter the viewing angle).

There should be an option to add a flat bottom to the model. Ideally, I'd also like the ability to add a removable base support. The support should have an adjustable gap distance and additional height for stability.

For an added challenge, I'd like to be able to create an array of these cylinders. The array should be adjustable in the X and Y directions, with parameters for the count and distance between each cylinder in both directions.

I want to be able to pick from a few presets that would set most of these parameters for me. It looks like the presets should include a "Default 2 by 2" and a "3 by 2" configuration.

Also, based on the description of the original project, it appears that the `superellipse()` function might be defined within the user's `ambicylinder.scad` file. This is likely to avoid needing to include external libraries.

Can you design a parametric OpenSCAD file or files for this?

[Assistant]
ambicylinder.scad:
```
/*
 Ambiguous Cylinder Generator v1.4

 OpenSCAD Script by M. Hagedorn
 www.thingiverse.com/drjames/

 Changes:
 v1.4 Presets included
 v1.3 Improved support structure removal by additional boolean operation
 v1.2 Initial Thingiverse Release

 Based on:
 Finalist of the Best Illusion of the Year Contest 2016

 Title: Ambiguous Cylinder Illusion
 Author: Kokichi Sugihara
 Institution: Meiji University, Japan

 See:
 www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWfFco7K9v8
*/

/* [Presets] */
// Pick a preset (Some parameters are ignored if you pick something other than "no"!)
Preset=0; // [0:No,1:Default 2 by 2,2:3 by 2]

/* [Size] */
// Height
mHeight=30; // [1:100]

// Diameter
mDiameter=18; // [1:100]

// Wall Thickness
WallThickness=1.5; // [0.25:0.25:10]

/* [ Illusion tweaks ] */
// Z-Rotation
mRotation=45; // [0:5:90]
// SuperEllipse Power (1=Square ... 2=Circle)
SuperEllipsePower=1.5; // [1:0.1:2]
// Sine Cutout Height (Adjust for Desired Viewing Angle)
SineCutoutHeight=1.5; // [0:0.1:3]

/* [Bottom and Support] */
// Flat Bottom
FlatBottom="no"; // [yes,no]
// Generate Base Support
GenerateBaseSupport="yes"; // [yes,no]
// Base Support: Gap Distance (mm)
SupportDistance=0.3; // [0:0.05:1]
// Base Support: Additional Height (mm)
SupportHeight=5; // [1:0.2:5]

/* [Array] */
// Count (X)
mXCount=1; // [1:10]
// Distance (X)
mXDistance=15; // [1:50]
// Count (Y)
mYCount=1; // [1:10]
// Distance (Y)
mYDistance=15; // [1:50]

Height  = Preset==1 ? 30: Preset==2 ? 30 : mHeight;
Diameter= Preset==1 ? 18: Preset==2 ? 18 : mDiameter;
Rotation= Preset==1 ? 45: Preset==2 ? 0  : mRotation;
XCount=   Preset==1 ? 2 : Preset==2 ? 2  : mXCount;
YCount=   Preset==1 ? 2 : Preset==2 ? 3  : mYCount;
XDistance=Preset==1 ? 24: Preset==2 ? 35 : mXDistance;
YDistance=Preset==1 ? 24: Preset==2 ? 35 : mYDistance;

for (x = [0:XDistance:XDistance*(XCount-1)],
     y = [0:YDistance:YDistance*(YCount-1)]){
    translate([x,y,(FlatBottom=="yes"||GenerateBaseSupport=="no"?0:SupportHeight+SupportDistance)])
    rotate([0,0,Rotation])
    {
        // Top & Bottom Cut AmbiCylinder
        AmbiCylinder(Diameter,Height,WallThickness,cutBottom=(FlatBottom=="no"?true:false));
    }
}

if((FlatBottom=="no") && (GenerateBaseSupport=="yes"))
{
    difference() {

        // Base
        for (x = [0:XDistance:XDistance*(XCount-1)],
             y = [0:YDistance:YDistance*(YCount-1)]){
            translate([x,y,(FlatBottom=="yes"||GenerateBaseSupport=="no"?0:SupportHeight+SupportDistance)])
            rotate([0,0,Rotation])
            {
                translate([0,0,-SupportDistance-SupportHeight])
                     AmbiCylinder(Diameter,(2*SineCutoutHeight)+SupportHeight,WallThickness,cutBottom=false);
            }
        }

        // v1.3: Cut away intersecting geometry so that supports can be removed easily
        for (x = [0:XDistance:XDistance*(XCount-1)],
             y = [0:YDistance:YDistance*(YCount-1)]){
            translate([x,y,(FlatBottom=="yes"||GenerateBaseSupport=="no"?0:SupportHeight+SupportDistance)])
            rotate([0,0,Rotation])
            {
                translate([0,0,-SupportDistance])
                    AmbiCylinder(Diameter+WallThickness/2,Height,WallThickness*2,cutBottom=true);
            }
        }

    }
}

// superellipse function
//   by Chris (Kit) Wallace
//   http://kitwallace.co.uk/Blog/item/2013-02-14T00:10:00Z
module superellipse(R, p, e=1 , n=96) {
    function x(R,p,e,a) =  R * pow(abs(cos(a)),2/p) * sign(cos(a));
    function y(R,p,e,a) =  R *e * pow(abs(sin(a)),2/p) * sign(sin(a));
      dth = 360/n;
        for ( i = [0:n-1] )
          polygon(
                  [
                      [0,0],
                      [x(R,p,e,dth*i), y(R,p,e,dth*i)],
                      [x(R,p,e,dth*(i+1)),  y(R,p,e,dth*(i+1))]
                  ] );
}

// creates a polygon rectangle with sinus cutout
module SineCut(w,h,d=2,R=360,n=32) {
    points = [
      for (a = [0 : R/n : R])
          2 * [ (w/R/2)*a, sin(a)*h/2 ]
    ];

    translate([0,-h,0])
        polygon(concat(points, [[0, 0],[w, sin(R)*h],[w,h+d],[0,h+d]] ));
}

// create one ambiguous cylinder
module AmbiCylinder(cD,cH,cW=1,p=SuperEllipsePower,h=SineCutoutHeight,cutBottom=false) {
        difference() {
            difference() {
                linear_extrude(cH)
                    superellipse(cD*0.99,p);  // scale by 0.99 to avoid non-manifold csg
                translate([0,0,-0.01])        // move slightly so that quick preview is displayed correctly
                linear_extrude(cH*1.01)       // scale slightly to make quick preview display correctly
                    superellipse(cD*0.99-cW,p);
            }

            translate([-cD,cD,cH])
                rotate([90,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(cD*2)
                        SineCut(cD*2,h);

            if (cutBottom) {
                rotate([0,0,180])
                translate([-cD,cD,0])
                    rotate([90,0,0])
                        linear_extrude(cD*2)
                            SineCut(cD*2,-h,d=-1);
            }

         }

}

```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design that can generate dice with customizable faces and an arbitrary number of sides. Essentially, I want to be able to create dice that aren't limited to the typical platonic solids.

Here's the gist:

*   **Customizable Faces:** Each face of the die should be able to display any text or Unicode symbol. For example, I could make a standard 6-sided die with numbers ("1 2 3 4 5 6"), a die with pips ("⚀ ⚁ ⚂ ⚃ ⚄ ⚅"), or even a die with names ("Andy Bob Chris Dave").
*   **Arbitrary Number of Sides:** The design should handle any number of sides, not just the usual 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 20. I should be able to specify, say, a 7-sided die or a 13-sided die.
*   **Spherical Base:** Instead of a polyhedron with flat faces, the die should be based on a sphere. Each face will be represented by a flattened area on the sphere's surface. The faces should be evenly distributed across the sphere.
*   **Parameters:** I'd like to be able to control the following parameters:
    *   `sides`: A string containing the text or symbols for each face, separated by spaces.
    *   `sphere_diameter`: The overall diameter of the sphere.
    *   `flat_face_diameter`: The diameter of the flat area representing each face. If set to 0, it should be automatically calculated based on the sphere diameter and the number of sides.
    *   `number_size`: The size of the text or symbol on each face. If set to 0, it should be automatically calculated based on `flat_face_diameter`.
    *   `number_depth`: How deep the text or symbol is engraved into the face.
    *   `font`: The font to use for the text on the faces.

To achieve this, you'll likely need to use the "polyhedron()" function or possibly the `geodesic_sphere()` function from the `MCAD` library for the spherical shape, and you might need to use the `text()` function for rendering the text on the faces. Also, you might need to implement a function to split the `sides` string into an array of individual face values. Since the design will need to calculate the positions of points on a sphere, you might need to use functions for converting between Cartesian and spherical coordinates.

Please generate a parametric OpenSCAD file that can create these custom dice. I believe this design will require the `MCAD` library.

[Assistant]
Die-I-Y_-_custom_dice.scad:
```
//custom dice
//source and license here: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1659071
//Derived from here: https://github.com/clothbot/makerbot/blob/master/fabjects/libraries/constructors/map2PointsOnSphere.scad
//which was in turn derived from here: http://www.softimageblog.com/archives/115
//string splitting from here http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1237203
//geodesic sphere from here: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1484333
//deja vu font from here: http://dejavu-fonts.org/wiki/Download

/* [Main] */

//Separate with spaces, see thing description for more details
sides = "⚀ ⚁ ⚂ ⚃ ⚄ ⚅";

sphere_diameter = 30; //[10:100]

/* [Tweaks] */

//leave 0 for auto, set to a value if you need different size flat faces
flat_face_diameter = 0; //[0:100]

//leave 0 for auto, set to a value if you need different size numbers
number_size = 0; //[0:100]

number_depth = 0.8;  //[0:0.2:2]

//See fonts.google.com for available fonts, then type the name in
font = "DejaVu Sans";

/* [Hidden] */
//sample sides
//sides = "♣ ♠ ♥ ♦";
//sides = "♈ ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ ♍ ♎ ♏ ♐ ♑ ♒ ♓";
//sides = "Andy Bob Chris Dave";
//sides = "1 20 2 19 3 18 4 17 5 16 6. 15 7 14 8 13 9. 12 10 11";
//sides = "0 1 2 3 4 5 6. 7 8 9. A B C D E F";
//sides = "1 2 3 4 5 6. 7 8 9. 10 11 12 13";
//sides = "1 2 3 4 5 6. 7 8 9. 10";
//sides = "1 2 3 4 5 6 7";
//sides = "1 2 3 4 5 6";
//sides = "Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ";
//sides = "1 2 3";
//sides = "♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟";

faces = split(sides);
echo(faces);
point_count = len(faces);
face_diameter = (flat_face_diameter<=0) ? sphere_diameter/pow(point_count,1/3)*0.9 : flat_face_diameter ;
echo(face_diameter=face_diameter);
pi=3.1415926;

number_height = (number_size<=0) ? face_diameter : number_size;
sphere_radius = sphere_diameter/2;
point_radius = face_diameter/2;
c0=pointOnSphere(radius=sphere_radius,k=0,N=point_count);
tilt = cart2sphere(c0[0],c0[1],c0[2]);
flat_height = sphere_radius - sqrt(sphere_radius*sphere_radius-point_radius*point_radius);

points_on_sphere = [for(i=[0:point_count-1]) pointOnSphere(radius=sphere_radius,k=i,N=point_count)];
points_vector = [
	for(i=[0:point_count-1])
		[	cart2sphere(points_on_sphere[i][0],points_on_sphere[i][1],points_on_sphere[i][2])[1]-tilt[1]+180,
			cart2sphere(points_on_sphere[i][0],points_on_sphere[i][1],points_on_sphere[i][2])[2]-tilt[2],
			0
		]
];
echo(points_vector=points_vector);

V2();
module V2() {
	difference() {
		//main body
		color("grey") sphere_shape(r=sphere_radius);
		//flatten faces
		color("grey") for(i=[0:point_count-1])
			rotate(points_vector[i])
				translate([0,0,sphere_radius-flat_height])
					cylinder(r=point_radius+1,h=sphere_radius);
		//numbers
		color("white") difference() {
			for(i=[0:point_count-1])
				rotate(points_vector[i])
					rotate([180,0,rands(0,360,1)[0]])
						linear_extrude(sphere_radius*2,convexity=10)
							text(faces[i],size=number_height,font=font,halign="center",valign="center");
			difference() {
				sphere_shape(r=sphere_radius-number_depth);
				for(i=[0:point_count-1])
					rotate(points_vector[i])
						translate([0,0,sphere_radius-flat_height-number_depth])
							cylinder(r=point_radius,h=sphere_radius);
			}
		}
	}
	module sphere_shape(r) {
		geodesic_sphere(r=r);
		//sphere(r=r);
	}
}

function cart2sphere(x,y,z) = [ // returns [r, inclination, azimuth]
	sqrt( x*x+y*y+z*z )
	, acos(z/sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z))
	, atan2(y,x)
	];

function pointOnSphere(radius=1.0,k,N) =
	[ radius*cos(360*k*pi*(3-sqrt(5))/(2*pi))*sqrt(1-(k*(2/N)-1+((2/N)/2))*(k*(2/N)-1+((2/N)/2)))
	, radius*(k*(2/N)-1+((2/N)/2))
	, radius*sin(360*k*pi*(3-sqrt(5))/(2*pi))*sqrt(1-(k*(2/N)-1+((2/N)/2))*(k*(2/N)-1+((2/N)/2)))
	];

//from here http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1237203
function split(str, sep=" ", i=0, word="", v=[]) =
	i == len(str) ? concat(v, word) :
	str[i] == sep ? split(str, sep, i+1, "", concat(v, word)) :
	split(str, sep, i+1, str(word, str[i]), v);

// same syntax and semantics as built-in sphere, so should be a drop-in replacement
// it's a bit slow for large numbers of facets
module geodesic_sphere(r=-1, d=-1) {
  // if neither parameter specified, radius is taken to be 1
  rad = r > 0 ? r : d > 0 ? d/2 : 1;

  pentside_pr = 2*sin(36);  // side length compared to radius of a pentagon
  pentheight_pr = sqrt(pentside_pr*pentside_pr - 1);
  // from center of sphere, icosahedron edge subtends this angle
  edge_subtend = 2*atan(pentheight_pr);

  // vertical rotation by 72 degrees
  c72 = cos(72);
  s72 = sin(72);
  function zrot(pt) = [ c72*pt[0]-s72*pt[1], s72*pt[0]+c72*pt[1], pt[2] ];

  // rotation from north to vertex along positive x
  ces = cos(edge_subtend);
  ses = sin(edge_subtend);
  function yrot(pt) = [ ces*pt[0] + ses*pt[2], pt[1], ces*pt[2]-ses*pt[0] ];

  // 12 icosahedron vertices generated from north, south, yrot and zrot
  ic1 = [ 0, 0, 1 ];  // north
  ic2 = yrot(ic1);    // north and +x
  ic3 = zrot(ic2);    // north and +x and +y
  ic4 = zrot(ic3);    // north and -x and +y
  ic5 = zrot(ic4);    // north and -x and -y
  ic6 = zrot(ic5);    // north and +x and -y
  ic12 = [ 0, 0, -1]; // south
  ic10 = yrot(ic12);  // south and -x
  ic11 = zrot(ic10);  // south and -x and -y
  ic7 = zrot(ic11);   // south and +x and -y
  ic8 = zrot(ic7);    // south and +x and +y
  ic9 = zrot(ic8);    // south and -x and +y

  // start with icosahedron, icos[0] is vertices and icos[1] is faces
  icos = [ [ic1, ic2, ic3, ic4, ic5, ic6, ic7, ic8, ic9, ic10, ic11, ic12 ],
    [ [0, 2, 1], [0, 3, 2], [0, 4, 3], [0, 5, 4], [0, 1, 5],
      [1, 2, 7], [2, 3, 8], [3, 4, 9], [4, 5, 10], [5, 1, 6],
      [7, 6, 1], [8, 7, 2], [9, 8, 3], [10, 9, 4], [6, 10, 5],
      [6, 7, 11], [7, 8, 11], [8, 9, 11], [9, 10, 11], [10, 6, 11]]];

  // now for polyhedron subdivision functions

  // given two 3D points on the unit sphere, find the half-way point on the great circle
  // (euclidean midpoint renormalized to be 1 unit away from origin)
  function midpt(p1, p2) =
    let (midx = (p1[0] + p2[0])/2, midy = (p1[1] + p2[1])/2, midz = (p1[2] + p2[2])/2)
    let (midlen = sqrt(midx*midx + midy*midy + midz*midz))
    [ midx/midlen, midy/midlen, midz/midlen ];

  // given a "struct" where pf[0] is vertices and pf[1] is faces, subdivide all faces into
  // 4 faces by dividing each edge in half along a great circle (midpt function)
  // and returns a struct of the same format, i.e. pf[0] is a (larger) list of vertices and
  // pf[1] is a larger list of faces.
  function subdivpf(pf) =
    let (p=pf[0], faces=pf[1])
    [ // for each face, barf out six points
      [ for (f=faces)
          let (p0 = p[f[0]], p1 = p[f[1]], p2=p[f[2]])
            // "identity" for-loop saves having to flatten
            for (outp=[ p0, p1, p2, midpt(p0, p1), midpt(p1, p2), midpt(p0, p2) ]) outp
      ],
      // now, again for each face, spit out four faces that connect those six points
      [ for (i=[0:len(faces)-1])
        let (base = 6*i)  // points generated in multiples of 6
          for (outf =
          [[ base, base+3, base+5],
          [base+3, base+1, base+4],
          [base+5, base+4, base+2],
          [base+3, base+4, base+5]]) outf  // "identity" for-loop saves having to flatten
      ]
    ];

  // recursive wrapper for subdivpf that subdivides "levels" times
  function multi_subdiv_pf(pf, levels) =
    levels == 0 ? pf :
    multi_subdiv_pf(subdivpf(pf), levels-1);

  // subdivision level based on $fa:
  // level 0 has edge angle of edge_subtend so subdivision factor should be edge_subtend/$fa
  // must round up to next power of 2.
  // Take log base 2 of angle ratio and round up to next integer
  ang_levels = ceil(log(edge_subtend/$fa)/log(2));

  // subdivision level based on $fs:
  // icosahedron edge length is rad*2*tan(edge_subtend/2)
  // actually a chord and not circumference but let's say it's close enough
  // subdivision factor should be rad*2*tan(edge_subtend/2)/$fs
  side_levels = ceil(log(rad*2*tan(edge_subtend/2)/$fs)/log(2));

  // subdivision level based on $fn: (fragments around circumference, not total facets)
  // icosahedron circumference around equator is about 5 (level 1 is exactly 10)
  // ratio of requested to equatorial segments is $fn/5
  // level of subdivison is log base 2 of $fn/5
  // round up to the next whole level so we get at least $fn
  facet_levels = ceil(log($fn/5)/log(2));

  // $fn takes precedence, otherwise facet_levels is NaN (-inf) but it's ok
  // because it falls back to $fa or $fs, whichever translates to fewer levels
  levels = $fn ? facet_levels : min(ang_levels, side_levels);

  // subdivide icosahedron by these levels
  subdiv_icos = multi_subdiv_pf(icos, levels);

  scale(rad)
  polyhedron(points=subdiv_icos[0], faces=subdiv_icos[1]);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I need help designing a phone holder that's meant to be a custom top piece for a charging dock. I'm aiming for something that will secure the phone better, especially when the dock might be used in a moving vehicle like a car or a boat.

I'd like the design to be parametric so I can adjust it for different phones. Here are the key parameters I think I'll need:

*   `phone_name`: A text string for the phone model, which will be displayed on the holder.
*   `font_size`: An integer to adjust the size of the text label.
*   `TextLabel`: A string for an additional custom text label, maybe my name or something.
*   `phone_width`: The width of the phone including any case, measured in millimeters.
*   `phone_depth`: The length from the back of the phone's connector to the back of the phone in millimeters.
*   `phone_thickness`: The total thickness of the phone including any case, measured in millimeters.

The holder should have a main body with rounded edges. I will need to include cutouts for the phone and the dock itself to fit together. There also needs to be support structure, or "add-ons" as you will see, for holding the phone in place when using the dock vertically. Finally, both text strings need to be cut into the holder's side.

I'm using the MCAD library to create the rounded boxes, so I'll need you to use the included `<MCAD/boxes.scad>`. Also, the font for the text will be `REGISTRATION PLATE UK:style=Bold`.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? Thanks!

[Assistant]
CarCustomTopHolder.scad:
```
// preview[view:north west, tilt:top diagonal]
include <MCAD/boxes.scad>  // Include Boxes library to get easy rounded boxes

// Text line 1, example: Phone model name
phone_name = "Your custom";

// Font size for text line 2, "TextLabel"
font_size = 10; // [3:29]

// Text line 2, example: Your own name
TextLabel = "text";
font = "REGISTRATION PLATE UK:style=Bold";

// The width of your phone including any cover you have on it
phone_width = 62; // [50:150]

// The length from the back of the connector to the back of the phone
phone_depth = 7; // [2:0.1:7]

// The total depth/thickness of your phone
phone_thickness = 12; // [2:0.1:16]

rotate([180,0,180]) {
// Difference will construct a main shape and subtract cut outs
difference() {

  // Main Shape
  union(){
    translate([((phone_thickness+11-phone_depth)/2)-2,0,0]) {
    roundedBox([phone_thickness+11-phone_depth+4, phone_width+8, 30], 4, true, $fn=40);
    }
    roundedBox([26, 50, 30], 4, true, $fn=40);
  } // End union

  // Cut outs
  translate([20,0,0]) {
    cube([40,phone_width,32],true);
    cube([42,49,32],true);
    }
    translate([-6.1,0,5]) {
      cube([4.2,42,35],true);
    }

  } // End difference

// Add ons

difference() {
  union(){
    translate([-4,-25,-15]) {
      cube([4,50,51.1],false);
      cube([11-phone_depth,50,45],false);
    }

    translate([-3.9,-10,-15]) {
      cube([2.05,20,54.1],false);
    }

    translate([((phone_thickness+11-phone_depth))-2,phone_width/2-1,0]) {
      roundedBox([4, 5.5, 30], 2, true, $fn=40);
    }

    translate([((phone_thickness+11-phone_depth))-2,-phone_width/2+1,0]) {
      roundedBox([4, 5.5, 30], 2, true, $fn=40);
    }
  } // End union

  // Cut out text
   translate([6-phone_depth,0,11]) {
    rotate([90,180,90]) {
      linear_extrude(height = 1.5) {
        text(text = str(TextLabel), font = font, size = font_size, valign = "center", halign = "center");
      }
    }
    }

     translate([6-phone_depth,0,-10]) {
    rotate([90,180,90]) {
      linear_extrude(height = 1.5) {
        text(text = str(phone_name), font = font, size = 4, valign = "center", halign = "center");
      }
    }
    }
} // End difference

}

```


[User]
I need some help designing a parametric OpenSCAD file for a cover for an Astro Flight 2 pin female zero loss connector. These connectors are often used for RC batteries, and I want to create a cover to protect them from dirt and prevent accidental short circuits.

The cover should be designed as a box with one end rounded and the other with two rounded corners. The overall shape should have an internal cavity to snugly fit the connector. Here are the key dimensions and parameters I'd like to be adjustable:

*   **Wall thickness**: The thickness of the walls of the cover. I was thinking 1.6mm as a starting point.
*   **Base thickness**: The thickness of the base of the cover. Also 1.6mm initially.
*   **Cavity extra width**: An additional width to adjust the fit of the connector within the cavity. I think 0.4mm might work, but it should be easily adjustable to account for different 3D printer tolerances.
*   **Cavity extra length**: An additional length for the cavity, which could also vary, maybe about 1mm, but I'd want to be able to tweak it.
*   **Cavity extra depth**: Extra depth for the cavity, though I expect this to be minimal, likely 0mm.
*   **Cavity corner radius**: The radius of the internal corners of the cavity, which I was thinking could be 0.2mm.

Based on these parameters, the initial dimensions of the internal cavity should be:

*   **Cavity width**: 7mm + cavity extra width
*   **Cavity length**: 13mm + cavity extra length
*   **Cavity depth**: 10mm + cavity extra depth

The external dimensions of the cover will then be:

*   **External width**: Cavity width + 2 \* wall thickness
*   **External length**: Cavity length + 2 \* wall thickness
*   **External height**: Base thickness + cavity depth
*   **External corner radius**: Cavity corner radius + wall thickness

I want the design to be fully parametric so that I can easily adjust these dimensions to achieve the perfect fit. I'd like to generate a fully rounded end and the other with just two rounded corners, like a capsule with one end not rounded. The cover should be created using a difference operation, subtracting the cavity from the main body.

I'd like to print it with ABS because it's a bit more flexible, but flexibility to change materials in the future would be nice.

Could you help me generate a parametric OpenSCAD file that implements this design? I don't believe any external libraries are necessary.

[Assistant]
astro_connector_cover.scad:
```
// A cover for Astroflight zero loss 2 contact female connector.

wall_thickness=1.6;
base_thickness=1.6;

// Tweak to have a tight fit.
cavity_extra_width = 0.4;

// Tweak if needed to adjust the length of the cavity.
cavity_extra_length = 1.0;

// Extra cavity depth. Default value should be good.
cavity_extra_depth = 0.0;

// Internal readius of the cavity vertical corners.
cavity_corner_radius = 0.2;

cavity_width  = 7 + cavity_extra_width;
cavity_length = 13 + cavity_extra_length;
cavity_depth = 10 + cavity_extra_depth;

external_width  = cavity_width  + 2*wall_thickness;
external_length = cavity_length + 2*wall_thickness;
external_height = base_thickness + cavity_depth;
external_corner_radius = cavity_corner_radius + wall_thickness;

// Adding '0' to make it hidden in thingiverse.
$fn = 0 + 64;
eps1 = 0 + 0.01;

// A block rounded on one and and two rounded corners at the other end,
// center on the z=0 plane.
module shape(w, l, h, r) {
  hull() {
    // Large radius.
    translate([-(l/2-w/2), 0, 0]) cylinder(d=w, h=h);
    // Two corners.
    translate([(l/2-r), -(w/2-r), 0]) cylinder(r=r, h=h);
    translate([(l/2-r), (w/2-r), 0]) cylinder(r=r, h=h);
  }
}

// The entire object.
module main() {
  difference() {
    // Body
    shape(external_width, external_length, external_height,
        external_corner_radius);
    // Cavity.
    translate([0, 0, base_thickness])
        shape(cavity_width, cavity_length, cavity_depth+eps1, cavity_corner_radius);
  }
}

main();

```


[User]
I'd like to make a parametric OpenSCAD design for a custom stencil generator. I want to be able to specify up to three lines of text, and the generator should create a stencil with those lines centered horizontally and vertically. The lines should be spaced 15 units apart vertically. The font should be "Allerta Stencil" with a size of 10, and each line of text should be extruded to a height of 3 units.

The stencil should have a rectangular border around the text. The width of the border should be calculated based on the longest line of text, with an additional "border" parameter (defaulting to 12) that can be adjusted to thicken the left and right edges if needed. The border should be 0.75 units thick.

I want the border to be rounded. This can be achieved by performing a Minkowski sum of the rectangular border with a small cylinder.

Finally, the stencil should be created by taking the difference between the rounded rectangular border and the extruded text. This way, the text will be cut out of the border, creating the stencil.

I don't need any external libraries for this, as all the required functionality can be achieved with built-in OpenSCAD features.

Can you help me generate the parametric OpenSCAD file for this stencil generator?

[Assistant]
tofs_custom_stencil.scad:
```
line1="MAKE";
line2="IT";
line3="YOURS!";
border=12;

difference() {
    $fn=32;
    minkowski() {
        union(){
            cube([max(len(line1),len(line2),len(line3))*7+border,15,0.75], center=true);
            if(line2||line3) {
                translate([0,-15,0]) cube([max(len(line1),len(line2),len(line3))*7+border,15,0.75], center=true);
            }
            if(line3) {
                translate([0,-30,0]) cube([max(len(line1),len(line2),len(line3))*7+border,15,0.75], center=true);
            }
        }
        cylinder(r=3,h=1);
    }

    union() {
            linear_extrude(height = 3, center=true) text(line1, font = "Allerta Stencil", "center", size = 10, valign="center", halign="center");
        if(line2) {
            translate([0,-15,0]) linear_extrude(height = 3, center=true) text(line2, font = "Allerta Stencil", "center", size = 10, valign="center", halign="center");
        }
        if(line3) {
            translate([0,-30,0]) linear_extrude(height = 3, center=true) text(line3, font = "Allerta Stencil", "center", size = 10, valign="center", halign="center");
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to design a flanged hose barb for my shop vac. I need it to be parametric so I can adjust the dimensions for different hoses.

The basic idea is a cylindrical barb, which will have an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of my hose, attached to a flange. The barb itself should taper at the end to improve airflow. The flange will have mounting holes to secure it to whatever I need to.

Here are the key dimensions I'm thinking of:

**For the Barb:**
*   `barbOuterDiameter`: This should be the outer diameter of the main part of the barb and will correspond to the inner diameter of the hose.
*   `barbWallThickness`: This is the thickness of the main section of the barb.
*   `barbTipTaperDistance`: The length of the taper at the end of the barb.
*   `barbTipMinimumWallThickness`: The thickness of the barb wall at the very tip after the taper.
*   `barbBaseHoleDiameter`: The diameter of the hole at the base of the barb (where it meets the flange), which should be less than the outer diameter.
*   `barbHeight`: The total height of the barb.

**For the Flange:**
*   `flangeSize`: The length of each side of the square flange.
*   `flangeThickness`: The thickness of the flange itself.
*   `flangeBoltHoleDiameter`: The diameter of the mounting holes in the flange.
*   `flangeBoltHoleInset`: The distance from the edge of the flange to each of the mounting holes. There should be four of these holes, one near each corner.

I'd like the design to be created using OpenSCAD and would like the final output to be a single .scad file. I don't have any specific preferences for libraries at this time, but I would appreciate if you used a robust way to design the square flange instead of simply generating four cylinders and moving them. Thanks in advance!

[Assistant]
Hose_barb_with_flange.scad:
```
/* [Barb] */

// The outer diameter of the hose barb -- should correspond to the inner diameter of your hose
barbOuterDiameter = 38.1;

// How thick to make the main section of the hose barb -- a taper will be added near the tip for better air flow
barbWallThickness = 4;

// How much of the end to taper;
barbTipTaperDistance = 12;

// After the taper how thick should the wall be?
barbTipMinimumWallThickness = 1;

// The barb interior wall will expand out to this diameter at the base. Must be less than the outer diameter!
barbBaseHoleDiameter = 31;

// The total height of the barb, measured from the base of the part
barbHeight = 50;

/* [Flange] */

// The length of each of the flange's sides
flangeSize = 70;

// The thickness of the flange
flangeThickness = 6;

// The diameter of the holes cut into the flange for mounting hardware
flangeBoltHoleDiameter = 3.1;

// The distance from the edge of the flange to each of the four mounting holes
flangeBoltHoleInset = 10;

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 72;

module basicFlange () {
    boltHoleDistance = flangeSize-2*flangeBoltHoleInset;
    translate ([flangeBoltHoleInset,flangeBoltHoleInset]) {
        linear_extrude (flangeThickness) {
            offset (r=flangeBoltHoleInset) {
                square ([boltHoleDistance,boltHoleDistance]);
            }
        }
    }
}

module cutFlange () {
    difference () {
        basicFlange();

        // Central hole
        translate ([flangeSize/2,flangeSize/2])
            cylinder (d=barbOuterDiameter,h=flangeThickness);

        // Mounting holes
        translate ([flangeBoltHoleInset,flangeBoltHoleInset])
            cylinder (d = flangeBoltHoleDiameter, h=flangeThickness);
        translate ([flangeSize-flangeBoltHoleInset,flangeBoltHoleInset])
            cylinder (d = flangeBoltHoleDiameter, h=flangeThickness);
        translate ([flangeBoltHoleInset,flangeSize-flangeBoltHoleInset])
            cylinder (d = flangeBoltHoleDiameter, h=flangeThickness);
        translate ([flangeSize-flangeBoltHoleInset,flangeSize-flangeBoltHoleInset])
            cylinder (d = flangeBoltHoleDiameter, h=flangeThickness);

    }
}

module barb () {
    translate ([flangeSize/2,flangeSize/2]) {
        difference () {
            cylinder (d=barbOuterDiameter, h=barbHeight);

            cylinder (d=barbOuterDiameter-2*barbWallThickness, h=barbHeight);
            translate ([0,0,barbHeight-barbTipTaperDistance])
                cylinder (d1=barbOuterDiameter-2*barbWallThickness, d2=barbOuterDiameter-2*barbTipMinimumWallThickness, h=barbTipTaperDistance);
            cylinder (d1=barbBaseHoleDiameter, d2=barbOuterDiameter - 2*barbWallThickness, h=flangeThickness);
        }
    }
}

cutFlange();
barb();
```


[User]
I'd like a customizable smartphone car mount that clips onto an air vent. It needs to securely hold my phone, and I want to be able to adjust the design for different phone sizes and vent orientations.

Specifically, the mount should consist of two main parts: a bracket that holds the phone and a clamp that attaches to the vent. The bracket should be sized based on the phone's width and thickness, and I'd like to specify how high it is. I also need to be able to set the thickness of the printed part. There should be small 'ends' on the bracket to keep the phone from sliding out.

The clamp should have a gap that can be adjusted for different vent blade thicknesses, and the length and angle of the clamp should be customizable as well. I'd also like to rotate the clamp to match the angle of the vent blades, so that the phone will remain horizontal. Ideally, the clamp should also have small 'centering' extensions that help it grab the vent blade.

I would like to be able to adjust these parameters:

*   **Smartphone width:** The width of the smartphone (with cover, if applicable), in millimeters.
*   **Smartphone thickness:** The thickness of the smartphone (with cover), in millimeters.
*   **Bracket height:** The height of the bracket part, in millimeters.
*   **Print thickness:** The overall thickness of the printed part, in millimeters.
*   **Clamp rotation:** The rotation angle of the clamp, in degrees.
*   **Clamp gap:** The gap between the two clamp arms, in millimeters.
*   **Clamp length:** The length of the clamp arms, in millimeters.
*   **Bracket small end length**: The length of the small 'ends' on the bracket that help hold the phone in, in millimeters.
*   **Clamp closing angle**: The angle at which the clamp closes towards the vent, in degrees.
*   **Clamp centering angle**: The angle used for the centering extensions, in degrees.
*   **Clamp centering length**: The length of the clamp centering extensions, in millimeters.

I need the code to be able to correctly calculate the dimensions of the clamp based on these parameters, and not just be scaling parts. The clamp needs to be cut to fit within the bracket, and everything should be fully parametric. I'm thinking that the structure should have modules for `bracket` and `clamp_one_side`, plus some additional helper modules for cutting excess parts of the clamp. I also want functions for calculating the clamp width and height.

I'd like you to generate all of the required code in OpenSCAD, including the functions and modules. I'm not using any particular libraries (MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, or BOLTS).

[Assistant]
clamp_code.scad:
```
//made by RevisionNr3

/* [Basic Settings] */

// Width of your smartphone (with cover if you use one) in mm (please note: numbers like 70, 70.1 and 70.15 work, but numbers like 70. and 70.10 generate errors in customizer).
smartphone_width=70; //
// Thickness of your smartphone (with cover if you use one) in mm.
smartphone_thickness=9; //
// Height of the printed part. 20mm is enough to hold a phone.
bracket_height=20;
// Thickness of the printed part. 2.5 to 3 mm is a good value. The thicker, the stronger the part and clamp.
thickness=2.5; //[1:0.1:6]
// Rotation of the clamp. Adjust if you don't have a horizontal air frame.
clamp_rotation=0; //[-70:1:70]
// Gap between the clamp. 0.5 works for most cars.
clamp_gap=0.5; //[0.1:0.1:5]
// Clamp length. A value around 25mm should work for most cars.
clamp_length=23;  //[15:1:50]

/* [Less important Settings] */

// Length of the small bracket ends
bracket_small_ends=5; //[3:1:15]
// Angle at which the clamp closes
clamp_angle1=20; //[15:1:35]
// Angle to center on air frame
clamp_angle2=30; //[30:1:45]
// Length of the small ends on the clamp
clamp_centering_length=5; //[3:1:10]

/* [hidden] */

//calculations
//------------

//calculate clamp height and width based on the previous parameters
clamp_width=calc_wc();
clamp_height=calc_hc();
clamp_width_rotated=calc_wc_rotated();
clamp_height_rotated=calc_hc_rotated();

// code for bracket
//----------------
bracket(thickness,bracket_height,smartphone_width,smartphone_thickness);

// code for clamp
//---------------
difference(){

rotate([clamp_rotation,0,0]){ //rotate the clamp around the angle, max 60°

clamp_one_side(thickness,clamp_length,clamp_height,clamp_gap);
mirror([0,1,0])
clamp_one_side(thickness,clamp_length,clamp_height,clamp_gap);
}

//these cubes will cut off the top,bottom and sides of the clamps, so the clamp stays within the bracket's outside dimensions.
cube_for_cut();
mirror([0,0,1]) cube_for_cut();
cube_for_cut2();
mirror([0,1,0]) cube_for_cut2();
}

//modules
//-------

module bracket(thickness,height,smartphone_width,smartphone_thickness){

//long piece
    translate([thickness/2,0,0])
cube([thickness,smartphone_width+thickness,height],center=true);

//2 cylinders at end of long piece
translate([thickness/2,smartphone_width/2+thickness/2,0]) cylinder(h=height,r=thickness/2,center=true,$fn=30);

translate([thickness/2,-smartphone_width/2-thickness/2,0]) cylinder(h=height,r=thickness/2,center=true,$fn=30);

//2 short cubes to clamp phone
translate([smartphone_thickness/2+thickness,smartphone_width/2+thickness/2,0]) cube([smartphone_thickness+thickness,thickness,height],center=true);

translate([smartphone_thickness/2+thickness,-smartphone_width/2-thickness/2,0]) cube([smartphone_thickness+thickness,thickness,height],center=true);

//2 cylinders at end of previous cubes
translate([smartphone_thickness+3/2*thickness,smartphone_width/2+thickness/2,0]) cylinder(h=height,r=thickness/2,center=true,$fn=30);

translate([smartphone_thickness+3/2*thickness,-smartphone_width/2-thickness/2,0]) cylinder(h=height,r=thickness/2,center=true,$fn=30);

//2 cubes to keep smartphone in the bracket
translate([smartphone_thickness+3/2*thickness,smartphone_width/2-bracket_small_ends/2+thickness/2]) cube([thickness,bracket_small_ends,height],center=true);

translate([smartphone_thickness+3/2*thickness,-smartphone_width/2+bracket_small_ends/2-thickness/2,0]) cube([thickness,bracket_small_ends,height],center=true);

//2 cylinders at end of previous cubes
translate([smartphone_thickness+3/2*thickness,smartphone_width/2-bracket_small_ends+thickness/2,0]) cylinder(h=height,r=thickness/2,center=true,$fn=30);

translate([smartphone_thickness+3/2*thickness,-smartphone_width/2+bracket_small_ends-thickness/2,0]) cylinder(h=height,r=thickness/2,center=true,$fn=30);
}

module clamp_one_side(thickness,length,height,distance){

translate([-length,0,0]){
//cylinder
translate([0,thickness/2+distance/2,-height/2])
cylinder(r=thickness/2,h=height,$fn=30);

//cube
translate([0,thickness/2+distance/2,0])
rotate([0,0,clamp_angle1/2])
translate([1/2*(length/(cos(clamp_angle1/2))+thickness/2*tan(clamp_angle1/2)),0,0])
cube([length/cos(clamp_angle1/2)+thickness/2*tan(clamp_angle1/2),thickness,height],center=true);

//cube
translate([0,thickness/2+distance/2,0])
rotate([0,0,-clamp_angle2/2])
translate([-clamp_centering_length/2,0,0])
cube([clamp_centering_length,thickness,height],center=true);

//cylinder
translate([-cos(clamp_angle2/2)*clamp_centering_length,thickness/2+distance/2+sin(clamp_angle2/2)*clamp_centering_length,-height/2])
cylinder(r=thickness/2,h=height,$fn=30);
}
}

module cube_for_cut(){ //for cutting the clamp off in the length direction (length direction = x axis, same direction as smartphone thickness)

tl=calc_total_length();
tw=calc_total_width();

translate([-tl+thickness,-tw/2,bracket_height/2])
cube([tl,tw,clamp_height]);
}

module cube_for_cut2(){ //for cutting the clamp off in the width direction if needed (width direction = y axis, same direction as smartphone width)

tl=calc_total_length();
tw=calc_total_width();

translate([-tl+thickness,smartphone_width/2+thickness,-clamp_height/2])
cube([tl,tw,clamp_height]);
}

//functions
//---------

function calc_wc()= //wc stands for width clamp
    2*clamp_length*tan(clamp_angle2/2)+2*thickness*cos(clamp_angle2/2)+clamp_gap;

function calc_hc()= //hc stands for height clamp
    bracket_height/abs(cos(clamp_rotation))+calc_wc()*abs(tan(clamp_rotation)); //wb stands for width bracket, a max for the maximal angle to which the clamp can be rotated (i take this to be 60°)

function calc_hc_rotated()=
    bracket_height+2*calc_wc()*abs(sin(clamp_rotation));

function calc_wc_rotated()=
    calc_wc()*abs(cos(clamp_rotation))+calc_hc()*abs(sin(clamp_rotation));

function calc_total_width()= //total width of the part (width in the same direction as smarthone width)
max(calc_wc_rotated(),smartphone_width+2*thickness);

function calc_total_length()= //total length of the part
2*thickness+smartphone_thickness+clamp_length+clamp_centering_length*cos(clamp_angle1/2)+thickness/2;
```


[User]
I need a replacement wheel for my travel bag, and I'd like to design it using OpenSCAD. I have some basic parameters in mind, and I want the design to be parametric so I can easily adjust it if needed.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Overall Shape:** The wheel will essentially be a "donut" shape, created by rotating a circle and adding a cylinder in the center.
*   **Size:** I need a way to specify the overall diameter of the wheel.
*   **Radius of the "Donut":** I want to control the radius of the circle used for the rotated portion – this also dictates the height of the donut.
*   **Center Hole:** There needs to be a center hole for mounting the wheel, and I need to control its diameter.
*   **Hollow Center:**  I'd like an option to make the center of the donut hollow. It seems like it could save on material. It should be a simple yes/no toggle.
*   **Cross-Section View:**  A toggle to show a cross-section for design visualization is desired, for testing purposes, but should not be part of the final printed design.

I need to be able to easily adjust all of these values. I'm using OpenSCAD because I plan to print this, likely in PLA or nylon (for strength).

I also saw that there's a "Reduced Arc Version" of a similar design (at [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1667048](http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1667048)) but I'm not sure how to implement that, so let's skip that for now. Can you generate the OpenSCAD file or files for this design? I don't need any extra libraries for now, just the base OpenSCAD functionality is enough to get me started.

[Assistant]
Wheel.scad:
```
// Total Whell size (diameter)
Size = 50;
// Radius of rotated circle / Height of "Donut"
Radius = 5;
// Central Hole diameter to mount in millimeters
CenterHoleDiameter=5;
HollowCenter =  "yes"; // [yes,no]
ShowCrossSection =  "no"; // [yes,no]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=50;
difference(){
    union(){
        difference(){union(){
                rotate_extrude(angle=360) translate([Size/2-Radius,0]) circle(r=Radius);
                cylinder(r=Size/2-Radius,h=Radius*2,center=true);
            }
            if(HollowCenter == "yes")
                rotate_extrude(angle=360) translate([Size/2-Radius,0]) circle(r=Radius*0.75);
        }
        cylinder(d=CenterHoleDiameter+1,h=Radius*2,center=true);
    }
    cylinder(d=CenterHoleDiameter,h=Radius*3,center=true);
    if(ShowCrossSection == "yes"){
        translate([0,0,-50]) cube([100,100,100]);
        translate([0,-50,0]) cube([100,100,100]);
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I need some help designing a customizable filament spool holder for my Wanhao Duplicator i3. The stock holder is too short for some of my spools, and I'd like something I can adjust. I've seen a few designs out there, and I like the general structure of one in particular. It's a remix of this thingiverse project: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1652770 and the code is available online but it doesn't feel quite as configurable as I'd like it to be, and I'm not super confident in modifying it.

Here are the key features and parameters I want to be able to control:

*   **Overall Structure:** It's basically a cylinder with a lip on each end, plus a bit of a flare where the lips join the main cylinder. There's also a threaded section at the top for screwing it into the printer. I'd like to keep that structure, but be able to adjust all the dimensions.
*   **Spool Width:** I need to be able to change the width of the main cylindrical section where the spool sits. Let's call this `spool_width`. It should probably be adjustable from 50mm to 150mm.
*   **Spool Radius:** This is the radius of the main cylinder (where the spool sits) - let's call this `spool_radius`. I'd like to adjust this from about 10mm to 20mm.
*   **Lip Radius:** The radius of the lip on each end, relative to the main cylinder radius. This will be adjustable; I'll call it `lip_radius`. A range from 3mm to 10mm would be nice.
*   **Lip Width:** The width (or height) of the lip. This will be `lip_width`. I need a range of 3mm to 10mm here as well.
*   **Flare Width:** The width of the "flare" section between the main cylinder and the lip (the conical part) on both ends should be adjustable; `flare_width` with a range of 1mm to 20mm would be good.
*   **Thread Width:** The length of the threaded part - let's call this `thread_width`. Let's make that adjustable from 5mm to 20mm.
*   **Hollow Fraction:** I'd also like to be able to adjust the amount of material removed from the interior. I want a cylindrical cut-out that goes partway through, and the parameter for this should be `hollow_fraction`. I think a range from 0.1 to 0.9 would be good here.

I need the code to use the `threads.scadlib` library for the threads.

Can you generate the OpenSCAD file(s) for me? I'd like it to have all of those parameters, and generate a spool holder based on them. Thanks so much!

[Assistant]
spool_v2.scad:
```
// Customizable spool holder for Wanhao Duplicator i3 (aka
// Monoprice 113860, and possibly others). Just the thing if
// the provided spool holder is too short for your media.

// Copyright (c) 2016 Douglas Henke dhenke@mythopoeic.org
// License: Creative Commons Attribution
//   https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

// Print vertically with threads at the top. (That keeps the
// threads clean, and they're the only dimensionally critical
// part. This should print as-is with no supports required. Since
// it has to hold weight, use thicker walls and a good infill.)

// Remixed from https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1652770
// by Abu Rashid. (This is more of a re-implementation than
// a remix, but Abu's project was certainly the starting point
// of this one.)

// Use thread library from http://dkprojects.net/openscad-threads/
include <threads.scadlib>;

spool_width = 68;       // [50:150]
spool_radius = 15;      // [10:20]
lip_radius = 5;         // [3:10]
lip_width = 5;          // [3:10]
flare_width = 3;        // [1:20]
thread_width = 10;      // [5:20]
hollow_fraction = 0.80; // [0.1:0.9]

$fn = 200;
h = (lip_width + flare_width + spool_width) / 3;

difference() {
    union() {
        difference() {
            union() {
                // bottom lip
                cylinder(lip_width, r=spool_radius + lip_radius);

                // bottom flare
                translate([0,0,lip_width])
                 cylinder(flare_width, spool_radius + lip_radius,
                  spool_radius);

                // main spool cylinder
                translate([0,0,lip_width + flare_width])
                 cylinder(spool_width, r=spool_radius);
            }

            // cut out half of the main spool cynlinder
            translate([0,0-(spool_radius+lip_radius), -1])
             cube([spool_radius+lip_radius, (spool_radius+lip_radius)*2,
              spool_width + flare_width + lip_width + 2]);
        }

        // Place a cone to add back some of the material cut out
        // above. This serves two purposes: It allows printing without
        // extra supports, and strengthens the finished part.
        cylinder(lip_width+flare_width+ spool_width, 0, spool_radius);

        // top flare
        translate([0,0,lip_width+flare_width+spool_width])
         cylinder(flare_width, spool_radius, spool_radius + lip_radius);

        // top lip
        translate([0,0,lip_width+flare_width*2+spool_width])
         cylinder(lip_width, r=spool_radius+lip_radius);

        // threaded part
        translate([0,0,lip_width*2+flare_width*2+spool_width])
         metric_thread(30, 1.5, thread_width);
    }

    // Cut out a cone from the middle. Taking wall thickness
    // into account, this probably doesn't save any material,
    // but it should help stiffen the finished structure.
    translate([0,0,h])
     cylinder(lip_width + flare_width +spool_width,
      0, spool_radius * hollow_fraction);
}
```