[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable yin-yang planter, and I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files if necessary). Here's what I'm envisioning:

The core shape is based on a yin-yang symbol, formed from two interlocked shapes. The outer dimensions should be controlled by a parameter defining the overall outer diameter of the circular shape. The height should also be adjustable with a parameter.  I'd like a wall thickness parameter to control the material thickness of the planter.

I also need the option to include a drain hole at the bottom center of the yin-yang shape, and the size of this hole needs to be another parameter. This hole should only be included if the user specifies "yes" through an options parameter.

Finally, I want to be able to generate either the main planter shape, a saucer for the planter, or a frame (like a hex grid bottom). For the saucer and the frame, I'll need a parameter to control the saucer's height and wall thickness.

Basically, I want a modular design where I can easily switch between printing just the planter, or printing the planter with the saucer or frame using an options selection parameter.

Could you create a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files) for this design? I'm assuming we'll need to make use of `sin` and `cos` to handle some of the trigonometry involved.

Specifically, I need the following parameters:

*   `outerD`: Outer circle diameter (mm)
*   `height`: Height of the planter (mm)
*   `wall`: Wall thickness (mm)
*   `drainHole`: Include a drain hole (yes/no)
*   `drainHoleD`: Drain hole diameter (mm)
*   `selection`: Choose between "planter", "saucer", or "frame"
*    `saucerHeight`: Height of the saucer or frame(mm)
*   `saucerWall`: Wall thickness of the saucer or frame (mm)

I don't need any specific libraries for this right now, but if you use any, please let me know which ones. Thanks!

[Assistant]
yin-yang-planter-3.scad:
```
// lucina
// 2017-09-08

// preview[view:south, tilt:top]
/* [yin-yang dimensions] */
// outer circle diameter in mm
outerD = 80;   //[50:5:200]
// height in mm
height = 40;      //[20:5:200]
// wall thicknessin mm
wall = 1.2;  //[.9:.1:6]
// bottom drain hole
drainHole = "yes"; //[yes, no]
// bottom drain hole diameter in mm
drainHoleD = 8; //[5:1:15]
// select planter, saucer, or frame
selection = "planter"; //[planter, saucer, frame]
// saucer or frame height in mm
saucerHeight = 7; //[5:1:20]
// saucer or frame wall thickness in mm
saucerWall = .9; //[.9:.1:6]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 90;
x = 0; y = 1; z = 2;
outerR = outerD/2;
innerR = outerR-wall;
module yin(w) {
   union() {
      difference() {
         cylinder(h = height, r = outerR, center = true);
         union() {
            translate([0, -(outerR/2), 0])
               cylinder(h = height*2, r = outerR/2, center=true);
            translate([outerR/2, 0, 0])
               cube([outerR, 2*outerR, 2*height], center=true);
         }
      }
      translate([0, outerR/2, 0])
         cylinder(h = height, r = outerR/2, center=true);
   }
}
module yang(w) {
      union() {
         difference() {
            cylinder(h = height, r = innerR, center = true);
            union() {
               translate([-w/2, -outerR/2, 0])
                  cylinder(h = height*2, r = outerR/2+w, center=true);
               translate([innerR/2, 0, 0])
                  cube([innerR, 2*innerR, 2*height], center=true);
            }
         }
         translate([0, innerR/2+w/2, 0])
            cylinder(h = height, r = innerR/2-w/2, center=true);
         if ( drainHole == "yes" )
            translate([0, outerR/2, 0])
               cylinder(h = height*2, d=drainHoleD, center=true);
      }
}
module yinYang() {
   difference() {
      yin(wall);
      translate([0, 0, wall])
         yang(wall);
   }
}

module saucer(hh, dd, tt) {
   allow = 2.5;
   taper = 5;
   union() {
      difference() {
         hull() {
            translate([0, 0, hh-.001])
               cylinder(h=.001, d=dd+2*tt+allow+taper);
            cylinder(h=.001, d=dd+2*tt+allow);
         }
         union() {
            translate([0, 0, tt])
               hull() {
                  translate([0, 0, hh-.001])
                     cylinder(h=.001, d=dd+allow+taper);
                  cylinder(h=.001, d=dd+allow);
               }
            if ( selection == "frame" ) {
               translate([0, 0, -tt])
                  cylinder(h=3*tt, d=.9*dd);
            }
         }
      }
      if ( selection == "frame" )
         interHexGrid(dd*.90, 12, tt);
   }
}
sin60 = sin(60);
cos60 = cos(60);
module hex(hole, wall, thick){
   difference(){
      rotate([0, 0, 30])
         cylinder(d = (hole + wall), h = thick, $fn = 6);
      translate([0, 0, -0.1])
         rotate([0, 0, 30])
            cylinder(d = hole, h = thick + 0.2, $fn = 6);
    }
}
// first arg is vector that defines the bounding box, length, width, height
// second arg in the 'diameter' of the holes. In OpenScad, this refers to the corner-to-corner diameter, not flat-to-flat
// this diameter is 2/sqrt(3) times larger than flat to flat
// third arg is wall thickness.  This also is measured that the corners, not the flats.
module hexgrid(box, holediameter, wallthickness) {
    a = (holediameter + (wallthickness/2))*sin60;
   for(x = [holediameter/2: a: box[x]]) {
      for(y = [holediameter/2: 2*a*sin60: box[y]]) {
         translate([x, y, 0])
            hex(holediameter, wallthickness, box[z]);
         translate([x + a*cos60, y + a*sin60, 0])
            hex(holediameter, wallthickness, box[z]);
      }
   }
}
module interHexGrid(gridDiam, hexDiam, zz) {
   intersection() {
      translate([-gridDiam/2, -gridDiam/2, 0])
         hexgrid([gridDiam, gridDiam, zz], hexDiam, zz);
      cylinder(h=zz, d=gridDiam+2*zz);
   }
}

if ( selection == "planter" ) {
   yinYang();
//   translate([wall, 0, 0])
//      rotate([0, 0, 180])
//         yinYang();
}
if ( selection == "saucer" ) {
   saucer(saucerHeight, outerD, wall/2);
}
if (selection == "frame" ) {
      saucer(saucerHeight, outerD, wall/2);
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a modular system of scrubbing elements, kind of like those linked sponges you see, but I want to be able to customize the grid layout and the type of scrubbing surface. I've got a basic concept in mind, and I'm hoping you can help me generate some OpenSCAD code for it.

Essentially, I want to create a series of interlocking modules that connect to form a grid. Each module will have a base with a connector loop and a top surface for scrubbing. I want to be able to switch between three different types of top surfaces: a smooth, rounded top; a top with small, round nubs on it; and a top with ridges.

Here are the specific parameters that I need to be able to control:

*   **Grid Type:**
    *   I need to be able to choose between different module arrangements in the grid. Specifically, I want to be able to create a grid where all modules are of the same top type, or I want to use a grid where I mix the three different types of tops.
    *   I want to be able to switch between a grid of all the same top (i.e. all smooth, all nubs, all ridges).
    *   I want a special arrangement where it chooses module types based on the `(x+y)%3==1` equation with `ridgeBase`, if `(x+y)%2 == true` use `roughBase` and the `else` use `smoothBase`.
*   **Grid Size:** I need to specify how many modules are in the grid across and how many modules are deep.
*   **Module Spacing:** I want to be able to adjust the spacing between the modules.
*   **Module Size:** I need to be able to control the overall size of the middle part of each module.
*   **Connector Arm Parameters:**
    *   The width of the loop that connects modules
    *   The height of the loop that connects the modules.
*  **Wall Thickness:** The wall thickness of the connection loop, smaller is bigger
*  **Base Floor:** I want a function that generates the base floor location based on the loop height.

Here are some more details about the modules themselves:

*   **Smooth Top:** A basic sphere shape, with the bottom sliced off so it is flat.
*   **Nub Top:** Similar to the smooth top, but with little spherical nubs on the surface.
*   **Ridge Top:** Again, similar to the smooth top, but with ridged lines across the surface.
*  **Loop Arm:** The loop should be a mitered connector that interlocks with its neighbours.

For the grid layouts, I would like to be able to switch between a grid made up of *all* the same type of top surface (either smooth, nubbed or ridged), or a mixed one, using the formula above. Also, I need a base module which links the tops to the connector loops. It might be good to have a minkowski function in there to make a more rounded transition from the top to the connecting arms.

The code should make use of modules to create each of the top types (round, nubs, ridge), and each of the base types (smoothBase, roughBase, ridgeBase). Then there should be a set of grid modules that places them in the correct orientation and position on the grid.

I also need a "wallThickness" variable for the connecting arms that allows control over the tolerance of the parts. Smaller numbers give you larger tolerance. Also, the offset needs to be calculated dynamically based on the size of the loop and spacing. And I will need a baseFloor function which also calculates dynamically.

I'm hoping the output is a single OpenSCAD file, or a small set of them, which I can then tweak as needed. I'm not asking for any specific libraries here, so please use base OpenSCAD functionality.

Let me know if you need any more information!

[Assistant]
linked.Customiser.scad:
```
/* [Different Grids] */
//choose the node type to make the grid from
Nodes_To_Use = "tri";//["tri":"All Three modules","smooth":"Only round tops","nubs":"Only the round ones with nubs","ridge":"Only the ridge nodes","dual":"the rough nubs and the ridged node grid"]

//How many do you want across?
Nodes_across = 2;//[1:100]

//How many do you want deep?
Nodes_deep = 2;//[1:100]

/* [Module Spacing] */
//This is how much space between all the modules
spacing = 16; //[16:100]

/* [Module Size] */
//this is the size of each of the middle parts
baseSize = 5;//[5:50]

/* [Arm connector variables] */
//this is the Arm Width
loopWidth = 5;//[5:100]
//this is the Arm Height
loopHeigh = 4;//[4:10]

wallThickness = .88; // the thickness of the loop wall, smaller is bigger
// the space needed between all the modules so they fit together
offset = (spacing/2)-loopWidth + 1.55;//spacing between the loops
//wallThickness and the 1.5 are related but i did not want to mess with it

//make the bottom cover the loop
function baseFloor(x=4) = (x+1.5)*-1;

/************
section top surfaces
******************************/

// replacing the cylinders on the round top
module nubs(){
    hull(){
        sphere(1);
        translate([0,0,baseSize])sphere(1);
    }
}

//basic sphere top
module topRound(){
    difference(){
        sphere(baseSize,true);
        translate([0,0,-baseSize])cube(baseSize*2,true);
    }
}

//basic sphere top with ridges
module topRidges(){
    difference(){
        union(){
            sphere(baseSize,true);
            for(t=[-3:8]){
            rotate([0,t*20,0])
                    minkowski(){
                        cylinder(.05,baseSize,baseSize,true);
                        sphere(.5);
                    }
            }
        }
        translate([0,0,-baseSize])cube([baseSize*2.1,baseSize*2.1,baseSize*2],true);
    }
}

// sphere with round nubins on it for more surface areal to scrub
module topNubs(){
    difference(){
       union(){
            sphere(baseSize,true);
            for(i=[-2:2],y=[-2:2]){
                rotate([y*25,i*25,0])nubs();
                }
            }
       translate([0,0,-baseSize])cube(baseSize*2,true);
   }
}

/*****************************
section connection loops
******************************/

// the arm that loops together to form the modular nature of the peices
module loop (loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness){
    cutout = loopWidth*wallThickness;

    difference(){
     minkowski(){
            hull(){
                translate([-offset,0,0])cylinder(loopHeigh,loopWidth,loopWidth,true);
                translate([offset,0,0])cylinder(loopHeigh,loopWidth,loopWidth,true);
            }
            sphere(.5);
        }
        hull(){
            translate([-offset,0,0])cylinder(loopHeigh+1,cutout,cutout,true);
            translate([offset,0,0])cylinder(loopHeigh+1,cutout,cutout,true);
            }
    }
}

// another verion of hte above utalising the minkowski funciton to make the connecing arms a bit more round
module min_loop (loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness){
    cutout = loopWidth*wallThickness;
    offset = 3;
    difference(){
     minkowski(){
            hull(){
                translate([-offset,0,0])cylinder(loopHeigh,loopWidth,loopWidth,true);
                translate([offset,0,0])cylinder(loopHeigh,loopWidth,loopWidth,true);
            }
        sphere(.2);
        }
        hull(){
            translate([-offset,0,0])cylinder(loopHeigh+1,cutout,cutout,true);
            translate([offset,0,0])cylinder(loopHeigh+1,cutout,cutout,true);
            }

    }
}

/*****************************
section connection loops and bases
******************************/

// loops together with the round top
module smoothBase(){
    hull(){
        translate([0,0,3.65]) topRound();
        translate([0,0,baseFloor(loopHeigh)]) cylinder(1,baseSize,true);
    }
    rotate([135,0,0])loop(loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness);
    rotate([-45,0,90])loop(loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness);
}
//smoothBase();

// loops together with the rough top
module roughBase(){
    translate([0,0,3.65]) topNubs();
    translate([0,0,baseFloor(loopHeigh)]) cylinder(9.2,baseSize,baseSize);
    rotate([135,0,0])loop(loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness);
    rotate([-45,0,90])loop(loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness);
}
//roughBase();

// loops together with the ridge top
module ridgeBase(){
    translate([0,0,3.65])topRidges();
    translate([0,0,baseFloor(loopHeigh)]) cylinder(9.2,baseSize,baseSize);
    rotate([135,0,0])loop(loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness);
    rotate([-45,0,90])loop(loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness);
}

//ridgeBase();

// experiment that works but is super cpu intensive
module min_base(){
 minkowski(){
        hull(){
            translate([0,0,3]) topRound();
            translate([0,0,-4]) cylinder(1,5,true);
        }
        sphere(1.35);
    }
    rotate([135,0,0])loop(loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness);
    rotate([-45,0,90])loop(loopWidth,loopHeigh,wallThickness);
}

/*****************************
section grid implementation of the different modules
******************************/

// funciton that utalises all the different tops with a modulus switch
module spoongeGridTri(xnum, ynum){
    for(y = [0:ynum-1],x= [0:xnum-1]){
        flip = ((x+y)%2)?180:0;
            chooseTop(flip,x,y);
    }
}
// utility (switch) function for the trigrid
module chooseTop(flip,x,y){
    if((x+y)%3==1){
         translate([spacing*x,spacing*y,0])rotate([0,0,flip])ridgeBase();
    }else if ((x+y)%2){
         translate([spacing*x,spacing*y,0])rotate([0,0,flip])roughBase();
    }else{
         translate([spacing*x,spacing*y,0])rotate([0,0,flip])smoothBase();
        }
}

// this is the binding function that creates the interlocking grid
// aka every other one need to be turned 180 degrees to join
module spoongeGrid(xnum, ynum){
    for(i = [0:ynum-1],t= [0:xnum-1]){
        if((i+t)%2){
                translate([spacing*t,spacing*i,0])rotate([0,0,0])ridgeBase();
            }else{
                translate([spacing*t,spacing*i,0])rotate([0,0,180])roughBase();
            }
    }
}

// modulus is fun and usefull :)
// if you are wondering this if statement means
// (if) the remainer of (x+y)/2 = 0 do this
module spoongeGridRough(xnum, ynum){
    for(i = [0:ynum-1],t= [0:xnum-1]){
        flip = ((i+t)%2)?180:0;
        translate([spacing*t,spacing*i,0])rotate([0,0,flip])roughBase();
    }
}

//only the smooth tops
module spoongeGridSmooth(xnum, ynum){
    for(i = [0:ynum-1],t= [0:xnum-1]){
        flip = ((i+t)%2)?180:0;
        translate([spacing*t,spacing*i,0])rotate([0,0,flip])smoothBase();
    }
}

//only the ridge tops
module spoongeGridRidge(xnum, ynum){
    for(i = [0:ynum-1],t= [0:xnum-1]){
        flip = ((i+t)%2)?180:0;
        translate([spacing*t,spacing*i,0])rotate([0,0,flip])ridgeBase();
    }
}

// magic :)
//spoongeGridTri(1,2);
if(Nodes_To_Use == "tri"){
        spoongeGridTri(Nodes_across,Nodes_deep);
    }else if(Nodes_To_Use == "smooth"){
        spoongeGridSmooth(Nodes_across,Nodes_deep);
    }else if(Nodes_To_Use == "nubs"){
        spoongeGridRough(Nodes_across,Nodes_deep);
    }else if(Nodes_To_Use == "ridge"){
        spoongeGridRidge(Nodes_across,Nodes_deep);
    }else{
        spoongeGrid(Nodes_across,Nodes_deep);
        }

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a custom planter that fits a specific plastic insert I have. I need the planter to be parametric so I can easily adjust the dimensions. I've seen a design that uses a sloped shell to connect the bottom part which fits the insert to a top "bracket" that's a bit wider, but I would like to be able to control that slope.

Specifically, here's what I need:

*   **Insert Fit:** The bottom of the planter needs to snugly fit a plastic insert with a defined bottom radius (`insert_r_bot`) and height (`insert_h`). There should be a tolerance parameter (`tol`) to control how tight this fit is.
*   **Bracket:** The top of the planter should have a bracket with a radius (`bracket_r`) and a height (`bracket_h`). This bracket is designed to be a bit wider than the insert.
*   **Lip:** There should be a lip at the top of the bracket with a controlled extra radius (`lip_dr`) and height (`lip`).
*   **Drainage:** I want a drainage gap between the bottom of the insert and the base of the pot, defined by height parameter (`drainage_h`). This will prevent root rot.
*   **Wall Thickness:** The planter needs a defined wall thickness (`wall`) and a separate bottom thickness (`bot_thick`).
*   **Shape:** The main body should be a sloped shell connecting the bottom insert area to the top bracket. The shell should be low poly, and I want to control the number of sides (`sides`). Additionally, I'd like to control how twisted the planter is (`twist`). I want the vertical smoothness of this shell to be controlled by a parameter I'll call `slice_factor`.

Here are the parameters I'd like to control:

*   `bracket_r`: The radius of the top bracket.
*   `bracket_h`: The height of the top bracket (including lip).
*   `insert_r_bot`: The radius of the bottom insert area.
*   `insert_h`: The height of the insert area.
*   `drainage_h`: The height of the drainage gap.
*   `lip_dr`: The extra radius of the lip.
*   `lip`: The height of the lip.
*   `tol`: The radius tolerance for the insert fit.
*   `wall`: The wall thickness.
*   `bot_thick`: The thickness of the bottom wall.
*   `insert_fa`: The fragment angle for the cylinder edges.
*  `sides`: The number of sides of the low poly shell.
*   `twist`: The twist angle of the shell.
*   `slice_factor`: Controls the smoothness of the shell vertically
* `inflation_dr`: The additional radius applied to the bracket. Default 0.

I'm hoping for an OpenSCAD file or files that include all of this, and I can then tweak the parameters to get the planter exactly how I want it. It looks like `linear_extrude`, `difference`, and `cylinder` are necessary. I don't think I need any external libraries. Can you help me?

[Assistant]
Parametric_planter.scad:
```
////////////   parametric pot   ///////////

//bracket radius
bracket_r=58.1;
//bracket heigh (including lip)
bracket_h=24;       //including lip
//bottom radius
insert_r_bot=41.75;
//how high is the insert
insert_h=108;
//(total_h= insert_h+bot_thick+drainage_h) prevents root rot
drainage_h=12;//[0:30]

//extra radius of lip (bracket r + lip = top r)
lip_dr=2;
//lip height
lip=1;
//radius tolerance (0=tight fit)
tol=1;//[0:5]

//wall thickness, recommend at least 4x extrusion width
wall=1.6;
//thickness of bottom wall
bot_thick=2;

//circle fragment angle (5, low value for best fit)
insert_fa=3;
//low poly fan? this is your friend
sides=5;
twist=45;
//low poly fan? 0.01-low poly, 3-smooth(will take years to compile)
slice_factor=0.01;

//adds to bracket radius, will expand the top if lip is too long. default=0
inflation_dr=0;

////////////////////////////////////////////

all_h=insert_h+drainage_h+bot_thick;
r1=(insert_r_bot+tol);
r2=bracket_r+tol+.01+inflation_dr;
hi=((bot_thick+drainage_h)-((r1/r2)*(all_h-bracket_h)))/((r1/r2)-1);

l_r_top=(((hi+all_h)/(hi+all_h-bracket_h))*bracket_r);
l_r_bottom=(((hi+bot_thick+drainage_h)/(hi+all_h-bracket_h))*bracket_r);

///////////////////////////////////
difference(){
    difference(){
        shell(all_h,l_r_bottom+wall,l_r_top+wall,sides);
        difference(){
            shell(all_h,l_r_bottom,l_r_top,sides);
            cylinder(h=bot_thick,r=l_r_bottom*2);
            difference(){
                cylinder(h=all_h,r=2*l_r_top);
                cylinder(h=all_h,r=bracket_r,$fa=insert_fa);}
                }
        }
    translate([0,0,all_h-lip]) cylinder(h=lip,r=bracket_r+lip_dr,$fa=insert_fa);
}

///////////////////////////////////
module shell(h,r_bottom,r_top,n_sides){
    linear_extrude(height=h,scale=r_top/r_bottom,,twist=twist,slices=all_h*slice_factor)
        circle(r_bottom/cos(180/n_sides),$fn=n_sides);
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric design for a series of air pump nozzles, designed to connect a standard car tire pump to various inflatables. I'd like the design to be customizable, allowing for different nozzle tip diameters to accommodate various inflatables. I'm looking to generate multiple nozzles with different tip sizes in a single print.

Here's what I need the design to do:

*   **Multiple Nozzles:** The design should generate several nozzles in a single print, spaced apart to prevent them from touching. The number of nozzles should be configurable.
*   **Parametric Design:** The whole design should be parametric, with user-adjustable dimensions for things like:
    *   Inner and outer radius of the screw-part (where the pump attaches)
    *   Radius of the main tread
    *   Height of the tread
    *   Radius of the cone/taper
    *   Tread pitch
    *   Thread height
    *   Overall height of the nozzle
    *   Radius of the first inner nozzle opening
    *   Nozzle wall thickness
    *   Increment in nozzle diameter per step (for the multiple nozzles)
    *   Number of nozzles to generate.
    *   Distance of the attachment part from the main body
    *   Width of the attachment connection
    *   Inner radius of the attachment
    *   Wall-thickness of the attachment part
    *   Height of the attachment part
    *   Opening angle of the attachment.
*   **Support Structures:** The design should optionally include support structures, also parametrically defined:
    *   Thickness of the support
    *   Vertical distance of the support from the main body
    *   Horizontal distance of the support from the main body
    *   Vertical thickness of support bridges.
*   **Screw Extrusion:**  A screw-like thread should be incorporated for attaching to a pump hose and needs to have the ability to add a start and end ramp, with the ability to change the profile of the ramp (linear, sine, sine^2).
*   **Attachment:** There should be an attachment piece extending from the cone section. This is for holding the nozzle when in use. It needs to be possible to change the various dimensions of this feature. The connection angle and shape will need to be configurable.

I need this as an OpenSCAD file, or potentially a set of OpenSCAD files if that makes it easier. I'm using OpenSCAD, so I'll need to have a library included for the screw extrusion (I have seen one called `screw_extrude_v`). I need that function, but don't need anything else from that library.

[Assistant]
Pumpduese.scad:
```
/* [resolution & printing} */
// Resolution of roundings (steps/360°)
fn=128; // [32,64,128,256]
// Print distance
pd=2;
// print support thickness (set to 0 fo no support)
ps=0.4;
// print support vertival distance
psvd=0.2;
// print support horizontal distance
pshd=0.2;
// print support vertival thickness of bridges
psvth=0.5;
// view sectioned
vs=0;

/* [dimensions} */
// inner radius screw-part
uri=2.3;
// radius of tread
ura=3.3;
// height of thread
h1=8;
// cone radius
ara=6;
// tread pitch
p=0.794;
// thread height
thrh=0.558;
// total height
h2=36;
// first inner nozzle radius
dri1=1;
// wall-thickness nozzle
dwd=1;
// mm per step
stufe=1;
// number of nozzles
anz=4;

/* [attachment} */
// distance of attachment
befe=2;
// width of connection of attachment
befs=10;
// inner radius of attachment
befr=6;
// wall-thickness of attachment
befd=2;
// height of attachment
befh=3;
// opening angle attachment
owb=90;

/* [Hidden} */

tol=0.01;
if(1)
for (i=[0:anz-1])
translate([i*max(ara*2+pd,(befr+befd)*2+pd,pd+(dri1+anz*stufe+dwd)*2),0,0])
    difference()
    {
        Duese(dri1+i*stufe,dri1+i*stufe+dwd);
        if (vs) cube([1000,1000,1000]);
    }

module Duese(dri,dra)
{
    rotate_extrude($fn=fn)
        polygon([[uri,0],[uri,h1],[dri,h2],[dra,h2],[ara,h1],[ura,h1],[ura,0]]);
    translate([0,0,p/2])
        screw_extrude(P=[[0,p/2-tol],[thrh,0],[0,-p/2+tol]], r=ura-tol, p=p, d=h1/p*360, sr=90, er=90, fn=fn, rf="sin");
    befar=befr+befd;
    te=ara+befr+befe;
    wb=90-acos(befs/befar/2);
    wbi=90-acos((befs-2*ps)/befar/2);
    ara2=ara-(ara-dra)*(befh/(h2-h1));
    w2=90-acos(befs/ara2/2);
    w2i=90-acos((befs-2*ps)/ara/2); // ara2 ?
    // echo(str("w2:",w2));
    p_v=P(owb,wb,befr,befd,w2,te,ara2,fn);
    p_vi=P(owb,wbi,befr+ps,befd-2*ps,w2i,te,ara,fn);
    // echo(p_v);
    translate([0,te,h1])
        linear_extrude(height=befh)
            polygon(p_v);
    if (ps)
    {
        translate([0,0,h1-psvth-psvd])
            linear_extrude(height=psvth)
            {
                translate([0,te,0])
                    polygon(p_v);
                difference()
                {
                    circle(r=ara, $fn=fn);
                    circle(r=pshd+ura+thrh+ps, $fn=fn);
                }
            }
        linear_extrude(height=h1-psvd-psvth)
        {
            translate([0,te,0])
                difference()
                {
                    polygon(p_v);
                    polygon(p_vi);
                }
            difference()
            {
                circle(r=ara, $fn=fn);
                circle(r=ara-ps, $fn=fn);
            }
            difference()
            {
                circle(r=pshd+ura+thrh+ps, $fn=fn);
                circle(r=pshd+ura+thrh, $fn=fn);
            }
        }
    }
}
function w4fn(w) = round(w/(360/fn))*(360/fn);
function P(owb,wb,befr,befd,w2,te,ara2,fn) = concat(
        [for(w=[w4fn(450-owb/2):-(360/fn):w4fn(270+wb)]) [cos(w)*(befr+befd),sin(w)*(befr+befd)]],
        [for(w=[w4fn(90-w2):(360/fn):w4fn(90+w2)]) [cos(w)*(ara2),-te+sin(w)*(ara2)]],
        [for(w=[w4fn(270-wb):-(360/fn):w4fn(90+owb/2)]) [cos(w)*(befr+befd),sin(w)*(befr+befd)]],
        [for(w=[w4fn(90+owb/2):360/fn:w4fn(450-owb/2)]) [cos(w)*(befr),sin(w)*(befr)]]
    );

// use-statement uncommented and replaced by part of contents of file for customizer:
// use <inc/screw_extrude_v.scad> // https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2002982

/**
 * module screw_extrude(P, r, p, d, sr, er, fn)
	by Philipp Klostermann

	screw_extrude rotates polygon P
	with the radi[us|i] r or r1 to r2
	with increasing height by p mm per turn
	with a rotation angle of d degrees
	with a starting-ramp of sr degrees length
	with an ending-ramp of er degrees length
	in fn steps per turn.

	the points of P must be defined in clockwise direction looking from the outside.
	r must be bigger than the smallest negative X-coordinate in P.
	sr+er <= d
**/
module screw_extrude(P, r, r1, r2, p, d, sr, er, fn, rf)
{
    v = screw_extrude_v(P, r, r1, r2, p, d, sr, er, fn, rf);
	echo ("convexity = round(d/180)+4 = ", v[2]);
	polyhedron(v[0], v[1], convexity = v[2]);
}

function screw_extrude_v(P, r, r1, r2, p, d, sr, er, fn, rf)
=
    let (
    R1 = (r1 == undef) ? r : r1,
    R2 = (r2 == undef) ? r : r2,
    DR = R2-R1,
    laenge = p*d/360,
    steigung = DR/laenge,
	anz_pt = len(P),
	steps = round(d * fn / 360),
	mm_per_deg = p / 360,
	points_per_side = len(P),
	VL = [ [ R1, 0, 0] ],
	PL = [ for (i=[0:1:anz_pt-1]) [ 0, 1+i,1+((i+1)%anz_pt)] ],
	V = [
		for(n=[1:1:steps-1])
			let
			(
				w1 = n * d / steps,
                R = R1 + n*(R2 - R1)/steps,
				h1 = mm_per_deg * w1,
				s1 = sin(w1),
				c1 = cos(w1),
				faktor = (w1 < sr)
				?
					(w1 / sr)
				:
					(
						(w1 > (d - er))
						?
							1 - ((w1-(d-er)) / er)
						:
							1
					),
				f = (rf == "" || rf == "lin") ? faktor
					: (rf == "sin") ? sin(faktor*90)
					: (rf == "sin2") ? (sin(faktor*180-90)+1)/2 : faktor

			)
			for (pt=P)
			[
                R1 * c1
                + h1 * steigung * c1
                + pt[1] * steigung * c1
                + pt[0] * c1 * f
                ,

				R1 * s1
                + h1 * steigung * s1
                + pt[1]  *steigung * s1
                + pt[0] * s1 * f
                ,
				h1 + pt[1] * f
			]
	],
	P1 = [
		for(n=[0:1:steps-3])
			for (i=[0:1:anz_pt-1])
			[
				1+(n*anz_pt)+i,
				1+(n*anz_pt)+anz_pt+i,
				1+(n*anz_pt)+anz_pt+(i+1)%anz_pt
			]

	],
	P2 =
	[
		for(n=[0:1:steps-3])
			 for (i=[0:1:anz_pt-1])
				[
					1+(n*anz_pt)+i,
					1+(n*anz_pt)+anz_pt+(i+1)%anz_pt,
					1+(n*anz_pt)+(i+1)%anz_pt,
				]

	],
	VR = [ [ R2 * cos(d), R2 * sin(d), mm_per_deg * d ] ],
	PR =
	[
		for (i=[0:1:anz_pt-1])
		[
			1+(steps-1)*anz_pt,
			1+(steps-2)*anz_pt+((i+1)%anz_pt),
			1+(steps-2)*anz_pt+i
		]
	]
    )
    [concat(VL,V,VR), concat(PL,P1,P2,PR), round(d/45)+4]
;

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a customizable bushing holder. Here's what I'm looking for:

The main component will be a holder for a cylindrical bushing. This holder needs to be customizable for the following parameters:

*   **bearing\_diameter:** The diameter of the bushing that will be inserted into the holder.
*   **bearing\_length:** The length of the bushing.
*   **mounting\_hole\_dia:** The diameter of the mounting holes used to attach the holder to a surface.
*   **tap\_tolerance:** The tolerance to apply to the mounting holes, allowing for tapping.
*   **pad\_thickness:** The thickness of the base pad which will provide a mounting surface.
*   **pad\_length:** The length of the base pad, extending outwards from the center of the bushing.
*   **holder\_thickness:** The thickness of the material that surrounds the bushing itself.
*   **screw\_tab\_length:** The length of the screw mounting tabs extending along the z axis.
*   **screw\_plates\_length:** The total length of the screw plates, which will include the screw tab and the holder thickness
*   **screw\_plates\_thickness:** The thickness of the material for the screw plates.
*   **precision:** The level of precision to use for circular features, for example the number of segments around a circle.

The design should include the following features:
1.  A cylindrical bore to accept the bushing, with a clearance based on the `holder_thickness`.
2.  A base pad to mount the holder, which extends outwards on both sides of the center.
3. Mounting holes on the base pad that go through, and are designed to be tapped with threads. There should be two mounting holes on each side, located at 1/4 and 3/4 the length of the bushing, respectively. The mounting holes should be perpendicular to the base pad and along the z axis of the bearing.
4.  Screw tabs to provide screw holes to secure the bushing. These screw tabs should be located on the top and bottom of the bushing and be positioned along the z-axis to make sure they go through the bushing for a snug fit.

I'd like this to be a single, parametric OpenSCAD file using functions and modules and, if possible, I would like to avoid using any libraries. I think I have all of the required parameters defined above.

[Assistant]
Customizable_bushing_Holder.scad:
```
bearing_diameter = 15;
bearing_length = 24;
mounting_hole_dia = 3;
tap_tolerance = 0.5;
pad_thickness = 3;
pad_length = 12;
holder_thickness = 3;
screw_tab_length = 5;
Screw_plates_length = screw_tab_length+holder_thickness;
Screw_plates_thickness = 2;
/* [Hidden] */
precision = 360;
module holder(b_d, b_l, m_h_d, t_t, p_t, h_t, p){
    difference(){
        cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d+h_t,$fn=p);
        cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d,$fn=p);
        translate([-(holder_thickness),-b_d/2-holder_thickness,0])cube([holder_thickness*2, holder_thickness*2, b_l]);
    }
}
module base(p_t, p_l, b_l, b_d, m_h_d, t_t, p, h_t){
    difference(){
        union(){
            cube([p_l+(b_d/2), p_t, b_l]);
            translate([-p_l-(b_d/2),0,0])cube([p_l+(b_d/2), p_t, b_l]);
        }
        translate([0,-(b_d+h_t)/2+p_t,0])cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d+h_t,$fn=p);
       translate([p_l,p_t+0.5,b_l*1/4])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=p_t+1, d= m_h_d-t_t, $fn=precision);
    translate([p_l,p_t+0.5,b_l*3/4])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=p_t+1, d= m_h_d-t_t, $fn=precision);
        translate([-p_l,p_t+0.5,b_l*1/4])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=p_t+1, d= m_h_d-t_t, $fn=precision);
    translate([-p_l,p_t+0.5,b_l*3/4])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=p_t+1, d= m_h_d-t_t, $fn=precision);
    }

}
module screwtab(b_d, b_l, m_h_d, t_t, p_t, h_t, p, s_l, s_t){
    difference(){
            translate([h_t,-s_l-(b_d)/2+h_t,b_l/4])cube([s_t,s_l,b_l/2]);
        translate([0,-b_d/2-s_l/2+(m_h_d-t_t)/2,b_l/2])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=s_l+150,d=m_h_d-t_t,$fn=precision);
        difference(){
            cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d+h_t,$fn=p);
            cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d,$fn=p);
            translate([-(holder_thickness),-b_d/2-holder_thickness,0])cube([holder_thickness*2, holder_thickness*2, b_l]);
        }
            cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d,$fn=p);
            translate([-(holder_thickness),-b_d/2-holder_thickness,0])cube([holder_thickness*2, holder_thickness*2, b_l]);
    }

    difference(){
            translate([-h_t-s_t,-s_l-(b_d)/2+h_t,b_l/4])cube([s_t,s_l,b_l/2]);
        translate([-s_l,-b_d/2-s_l/2+(m_h_d-t_t)/2,b_l/2])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=s_l+150,d=m_h_d-t_t,$fn=precision);
            difference(){
            cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d+h_t,$fn=p);
            cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d,$fn=p);
            translate([-(holder_thickness),-b_d/2-holder_thickness,0])cube([holder_thickness*2, holder_thickness*2, b_l]);

        }
            cylinder(h=b_l,d=b_d,$fn=p);
            translate([-(holder_thickness),-b_d/2-holder_thickness,0])cube([holder_thickness*2, holder_thickness*2, b_l]);
    }
}

module final_product(bearing_diameter, bearing_length, mounting_hole_dia, tap_tolerance, pad_length, pad_thickness, holder_thickness, precision, Screw_plates_length, Screw_plates_thickness){
    translate([0,-(bearing_diameter+holder_thickness)/2+pad_thickness,0])holder(bearing_diameter, bearing_length, mounting_hole_dia, tap_tolerance, pad_thickness, holder_thickness, precision);
    base(pad_thickness, pad_length, bearing_length, bearing_diameter, mounting_hole_dia, tap_tolerance, precision, holder_thickness);
    translate([0,-bearing_diameter/2+holder_thickness/2,0])screwtab(bearing_diameter, bearing_length, mounting_hole_dia, tap_tolerance, pad_thickness, holder_thickness, precision, Screw_plates_length, Screw_plates_thickness);
}

final_product(bearing_diameter, bearing_length, mounting_hole_dia, tap_tolerance, pad_length, pad_thickness, holder_thickness, precision, Screw_plates_length, Screw_plates_thickness);
```


[User]
I'd like to design a rippled vase generator, something similar to the `vase_wave_customizer.scad` example, but I want to extend the functionality a bit. Here's what I'm thinking:

First, the basics should be the same: I need a way to control the overall shape, number of ripples, ripple size, a twisting effect, and a general wave effect on the profile. Let's start with similar shapes: "barrel", "vase1", "vase2", "glass", "bowl", "cup", and "cone". The ripple parameters should allow for adjustments of ripple number and size, and also include a way to twist and wave the vase in a z-direction. It also needs a parameter to control resolution for faster preview.

But, here's what I want to add or change. I want to:

1.  **Control the ripple direction:** Add an option to have the ripples progress in a direction other than completely perpendicular to the vase's main axis. So maybe an angle parameter to control ripple angle. This is a key addition.
2.  **Control ripple amplitude variation:** The current version seems to have a uniform ripple height for a given z level. I want to also have a parameter to control the *amplitude* or depth of the ripples along the z axis. I might like it to be small on the bottom and grow in the middle, and diminish near the top. Also, there should be another function to vary it along the perimeter of the vase, independent of the z axis.
3.  **Add a base shape option:** I'd like an option to have a base at the bottom that is not rippled or twisted. So a simple cylinder or some other shape option underneath, that is not affected by the ripple and wave functions. This should be a separate parameter from the overall "shape" of the vase. I'd also like options for the base such as a flat bottom or a rounded bottom, as well as a specific thickness.
4.  **Top shape option:** Similarly, I would like an option for a top portion that is not rippled, similar to the base, including a thickness value. I might want it to flare out slightly or have a simple lip, in addition to being a flat top.
5.  **Wall thickness control**: Add a parameter to directly set the wall thickness (or better yet, define an inner radius as well).

I think this would really allow for a lot of interesting designs. I'm expecting you to generate all the required `.scad` files. Please do not use any external libraries.

[Assistant]
vase_wave_customizer.scad:
```
/*

    Vase-wave generator/customizer

    Fernando Jerez 2017

    License: CC-NC (Non commercial)

*/
// Use 'preview' for fast render
part = "preview"; // [preview:Low poly (fast render), print: High detail (slow render)]

// Style / Shape
shape = "barrel"; // [barrel: Penholder/Barrel, vase1:Vase, vase2:Vase 2, glass: Glass, bowl:Bowl, cup: Cup, cone: Cone ]

// Radius
radius= 60; // [40:100]

// Number of ripples
ripples  = 6; // [1:15]

// Ripple size
ripple_size = 20; // [10:30]

// Twisting factor
twist = 0.5; // [-1:0.05:1]

// Waving
wave = 10; // [-30:5:30]

/* [Hidden] */
ripple_width = 100/ripples;

altura = 180; // z-steps
step = (part=="preview")?10:1; // resolution in Z (1 is the best and slower)

sides = 360; // Don't touch!

// Calculate....
//points...
puntos = [
    for(z = [0:step:altura])
        for(i = [0:sides-1])
            let(
                rot2  = twist*z + wave*sin(z*2),
                rad2  = ripple_size*sin(z),

                rgi   = ripple_width * sin(z),
                giro  = rgi * sin(i*ripples*2),

                // shape
                zrad  = (shape=="barrel")   ? 1 :
                        (shape=="vase1")    ? 0.7+ 0.4*sin(z*2) :
                        (shape=="vase2")    ? 0.6+ 0.4*pow(sin(z+60),2) :
                        (shape=="glass")    ? 0.6+ 0.4*pow(sin(z*0.7-30),2) :
                        (shape=="cup")      ? 0.65+ 0.4 * cos(z*2) :
                        (shape=="bowl")     ? 0.6+ 0.4 * sin(z*0.5) :
                        cos(z*0.5),

                r     = zrad * (radius+ rad2*(cos(i*ripples))),

                px   = r*cos(i+giro+rot2),
                py   = r*sin(i+giro+rot2)

            )

            [px,py,z]
];

// faces...
caras = concat(
    [
    // Triangle #1
    for(z = [0:(altura-1) / step])
        for(s = [0:sides-1])
            let(
                // clockwise from left-down corner
                f1 = s + sides*z,
                f2 = s + sides*(z+1),
                f3 = ((s+1) % sides) + sides*(z+1),
                f4 = ((s+1) % sides) + sides*z
            )

            [f1,f2,f3]

    ],
    [
    // Triangle #2
    for(z = [0:(altura-1) / step])
        for(s = [0:sides-1])
            let(
                // clockwise from left-down corner
                f1 = s + sides*z,
                f2 = s + sides*(z+1),
                f3 = ((s+1) % sides) + sides*(z+1),
                f4 = ((s+1) % sides) + sides*z
            )

            [f3,f4,f1]

    ],
    [[ for(s = [0:sides-1]) s]],  //bottom
    [[ for(s = [sides-1:-1:0]) (altura/step)*(sides) + s]] //top

 );

 // Draws vase
zscale = (shape=="bowl")?0.5:1;
scale([1,1,zscale]) polyhedron (points=puntos,faces = caras);

```


[User]
I'm looking to get a parametric design for a bottle tray, similar to the one described in the `Parametric_bottle_tray_with_holes_in_the_base.scad` file. The tray should hold multiple bottles arranged in a grid. Each bottle sits in its own cylindrical well, and there's a hole in the base of each well. I need to be able to easily change several dimensions.

Specifically, I'd like these parameters to be easily adjustable:

*   **Number of bottles (x and y):** I need to be able to set how many bottles will fit along the length and width of the tray.
*   **Bottle well diameter:** The inside diameter of the cylindrical well that holds each bottle.
*   **Overall height:** The total height of the tray.
*   **Base thickness:** The thickness of the base of the tray, which should be different than the overall height.
*   **Base hole diameter:** The diameter of the hole in the base of each bottle well.
*   **Wall thickness:** The thickness of the walls of the bottle wells. This will also be the spacing between the wells.

I'd also like the design to be reasonably robust for printing, so maybe some guidance on sensible values for wall thickness would be appreciated. I'm thinking the best approach is to have a single OpenSCAD file that defines these parameters, does the calculations, and creates the 3D model. I do not require any additional libraries.

Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for this design?

[Assistant]
Parametric_bottle_tray_with_holes_in_the_base.scad:
```
// Code written by "deckingman" Feb 2016
// Use and enjoy
// "Hole in the base"-Remix by Timothy McPrint, 2017-09-16

// User Defined Variables
// Change any of the following to suit

// The number of bottles along the x axis
Number_Of_Bottles_Long=3;

// The number of bottles along the y axis
Number_Of_Bottles_Wide=4;

// The inside diameter of the cylinders which hold the bottles.
// Measure your bottle then add a milimeter or 2 for clearance
Inside_Diameter=27;

// The overall height in mm. Note that the depth of the hole will be this number minus the base thickness
Overall_Height=19;

// The base thickness in mm. For ease of printing, make this divisible by the layer height of you slicer/printer.
// So for example if the layer height is 0.3 mm use 1.8 or 2.1 but not 2.0.
Base_Thickness=1.8;

// Diameter of the hole in the base
Diameter_Base_Hole=15;

// The wall thickness of the cylinders. Note that the cylinders are joined together by whatever this thickness is
// so DO NOT MAKE THIS ANY LESS THAN 2mm. For ease of printing, make this number divisible by your nozzle diameter.
Wall_Thickness=5;

// Suggested Slicer settings. 3 solid top and bottom layers, 2 or 3 perimiters. 20% infill.
// Using a 0.5mm nozzle with 0.3mm layer height.

// Changing any of the following will likely screw things up!!

First_Bottle_Pos = (Inside_Diameter/2)+Wall_Thickness;
Step             = Inside_Diameter+Wall_Thickness;
iMax             = First_Bottle_Pos+(Number_Of_Bottles_Long*(Step-1));
jMax             = First_Bottle_Pos+(Number_Of_Bottles_Wide*(Step-1));
$fn              = 150;

for (i = [First_Bottle_Pos:Step:iMax])
{
	for (j = [First_Bottle_Pos:Step:jMax])
	{
		difference()
		{
			difference()
			{
				translate ([i,j,0])
					cylinder (d=Inside_Diameter+(2*Wall_Thickness),h=Overall_Height);
				translate ([i,j,Base_Thickness])
					cylinder (d=Inside_Diameter, h=Overall_Height+.2);
			}
			translate ([i,j,-0.1])
				cylinder (d=Diameter_Base_Hole, h=Base_Thickness+0.2);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to design a very specific type of linear bushing for my 3D printer, something that can be printed in "spiral vase" mode to achieve high accuracy and a smooth, seam-free surface. I've seen a design that uses a series of spikes or blades around the inner diameter to make contact with the rod, and I'd like to try something similar, but completely parametric.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

**Core Structure:**

*   The bushing should have an overall cylindrical shape with adjustable outer and inner diameters.
*   The inner diameter needs to be slightly larger than the rod it will slide on, and that amount needs to be adjustable by a "filament margin" parameter, to account for printer tolerances.
*   The height should also be adjustable, of course.
*   I'd like chamfers on both the inner and outer edges at both ends to make it easy to install and slide the bushing in.

**Spikes/Blades:**

*   The design should incorporate a number of "spikes" or "blades" that protrude inwards to make contact with the rod, and this number must be a parameter.
*   These spikes should be able to have an adjustable angle, that is, angle in the XY plane relative to the radial lines from the center.
*   The spikes should also be able to be twisted in the Z direction, to create a helical shape, again adjustable via a parameter.

**Customization & Special Considerations:**

*   The design should be able to be printed in "spiral vase" or "continuous spiral" mode, which means the code has to include the `linear_extrude` operation with twist on the overall structure.
*   I need to be able to make adjustments to the parameters and re-render quickly to fine-tune the fit.

**Specific Parameters (as a starting point):**

*   `outerD` (outer diameter) - let's start with 15.0 mm.
*   `innerD` (inner diameter) - let's start with 8.0 mm.
*   `filament_margin` (inner diameter trim) - let's start with 0.92 mm.
*   `H` (height) - let's start with 23.8 mm.
*   `N` (number of spikes) - let's start with 10.
*   `spike_angle` (spike angle) - let's start with 30 degrees.
*   `blade_twist` (blade twist) - let's start with 30 degrees.

I'm assuming you'll use the standard OpenSCAD language, and I don't have any custom libraries to include. Please generate the necessary `.scad` files for me. It would be great if the code was well-commented and easy to modify. I'm also hoping to see the inner chamfers done using differences with cylinders rather than hulls and so on; this should allow for good precision when making the inner diameter to slide onto a precision rod. Thanks!

[Assistant]
spiral_vase-linear_bearing.scad:
```

// outer diameter in mm
outerD=15.0;

// inner diameter in mm
innerD=8.0;

// this is used to trim the inner diameter (mm)
filament_margin = 0.92;

// height in mm
H=23.8;

// number of spikes
N = 10;

// spike angle
spike_angle = 30;

// twist of blades in deg
blade_twist = 30;

//resolution
$fn  = 100;

module spike() {
    difference() {
        rotate ([0,0,0]) translate ([outerD/2-2,0,0]) rotate ([0,0,spike_angle]) cube([7,1.1,H+2], center = true);
 cylinder (r = (innerD+ filament_margin)/2, h = H+2, center = true);
}
} // end spike

module cone() {
    difference (){
        cylinder( d = outerD+5, h = 5, center = true);
        cylinder( d1 = outerD+4,d2=outerD-1,  h = 5, center = true);
    }
}

module incone() {

        cylinder( d1 = innerD+ filament_margin+1,d2=innerD+ filament_margin-0.1,  h = 1, center = true);

}

union() {difference() {linear_extrude(height = H, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = blade_twist, slices = 100)
 projection() difference() {
    cylinder (d = outerD, h = H, center = true);
for ( i = [0 : 360/N : 360] ) {
   rotate ([0,0,i]) spike();
}
}
translate([0,0,H/2 -2])cone();
translate([0,0,-H/2 +2]) rotate ([180,0,0])cone();
} // end diff
translate([0,0,-H/2 +0.5]) incone();
translate([0,0,H/2 -0.5]) rotate ([180,0,0])incone();
} // end union

```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a weather-resistant housing for a temperature and humidity sensor. It should be a two-part design: a main box and a front piece that slots into it. I'd like to be able to customize the dimensions, wall thickness, and even the roof style.

Specifically, here's what I have in mind:

*   **Main Box:** The box should have adjustable internal dimensions for height, width, and depth. I'll need to be able to set the wall thickness as well. It should include slats for airflow on the sides. I'd like a mounting hole on the back so I can attach it to a wall.
*   **Front Piece (Door):** This piece needs to fit snugly into the main box, basically covering the front opening. I want it to slot in, not screw in.

Here are the parameters I’d like to control:

*   `height`: Internal height of the box (in mm).
*   `width`: Internal width of the box (in mm).
*   `depth`: Internal depth of the box (in mm).
*   `thickness`: Wall thickness of the box (in mm).
*   `diameter_hole`: Diameter of the screw hole on the back (in mm).
*   `length_slats`: Length of the side slats (in mm).
*   `roof`: A setting to choose between a "pointed" or "flat" roof.

The design should be printable without needing rafts or supports.

Could you provide the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
Temphum_sensor_housing2.scad:
```
// Which part would you like to see?
part = "box"; // [box:box only,front:front only]

// Heigth of box in mm (Inside).
height = 100;

// Width of box in mm (Inside).
width = 65;

// Depth of box in mm (Inside).
depth = 40;

// Wall thicknes of box in mm.
thickness = 2;

// Diameter of screw hole in mm.
diameter_hole = 4;

// Length of the slats in mm.
length_slats = 8;

// Pointed or flat roof?
roof = "flat"; // [pointed:pointed roof, flat:flat roof]

module housing(){
    cube([height,width+2*thickness,thickness]);
    rotate([0,-90,0])
        translate([0,0,-height-thickness])
            cube([depth+2*thickness,width+2*thickness,thickness]);
    if (roof == "flat") {
        rotate([0,0,90])
            cube([width+2*thickness,thickness,depth+3*thickness]);
        } else {
            rotate([0,0,90])
                cube([width+2*thickness,width,depth+3*thickness]);
        }
    for (a=[-1:5:height-5])
        translate([a,width+thickness+1,0])
            rotate([90,0,50])
                cube([length_slats,depth+thickness,1.5]);
    for (b=[0:5:height-5])
        translate([b,thickness,0])
            rotate([90,0,-50])
                cube([length_slats,depth+thickness,1.5]);
    translate([0,0,depth])
        cube([height,thickness,thickness]);
    translate([0,width+thickness,depth])
        cube([height,thickness,thickness]);
    translate([0,0,depth/2])
        cube([height,thickness,thickness]);
    translate([0,width+thickness,depth/2])
        cube([height,thickness,thickness]);
    translate([height/3,0,depth+thickness])
        cube([height/3,thickness,thickness]);
    translate([height/3,width+thickness,depth+thickness])
        cube([height/3,thickness,thickness]);
}

module cutouthousing(){
    translate([height/5,width/2+thickness,-1])
        cylinder(h=thickness+2, r=diameter_hole/2);
    rotate([0,-90,0])
        translate([0,-width/2,-height-2*thickness])
            cube([depth+2*thickness,2*width,thickness]);
    translate([0,-1,depth+5*thickness])
        rotate([270,0,115])
            cube([width+thickness,depth+6*thickness,100]);
    translate([0,width+2*thickness+1,-thickness])
        rotate([90,0,-115])
            cube([width+4*thickness,depth+6*thickness,100]);
}

module front(){
    cube([height,width+2*thickness,thickness]);
}

module cutoutfront(){
    translate([height/3,0,0])
        cube([height/3,thickness,thickness]);
    translate([height/3,width+thickness,0])
        cube([height/3,thickness,thickness]);
}

$fn=50;

module box(){
    difference(){
        housing();
        cutouthousing();
    }
}

module door(){
    difference(){
        front();
        cutoutfront();
    }
}

print_part();

module print_part() {
	if (part == "box") {
		translate([-height/2-thickness,-width/2-thickness,0]) box();
	} else if (part == "front") {
		translate([-height/2,-width/2,0]) door();
	}
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric OpenSCAD design for spherical lenses, suitable for 3D printing and potentially polishing after printing. I'd like to be able to control a number of factors to create different types of lenses.

Specifically, I need to be able to adjust:

*   **Refractive Index:** I need to specify the refractive index of the material used (likely between 1.0 and 1.7).
*   **Focal Length:**  The focal length of the lens needs to be adjustable, and it should allow for both positive (converging) and negative (diverging) lenses.
*   **Aperture (Lens Diameter):** The diameter of the lens needs to be a variable, probably with a range from around 10mm to 100mm.
*   **Edge Thickness:** For positive lenses (biconvex and plano-convex), I need to control the minimum thickness at the edge of the lens. I imagine a range of 0 to 10 mm would be good for that.
*   **Lens Type:** I need to be able to choose between:
    *   Plano-convex or Plano-concave (one curved surface, one flat).
    *   Biconvex (two convex surfaces) or Biconcave (two concave surfaces).  The curvature of the two surfaces should be equal.

I'd like the final design to be optimized for 3D printing, meaning smooth curves and no unnecessary complexity. I would also like the design to be relatively simple, so I can use a single model for the different lens types.

I'm envisioning something like using a `difference()` between spheres and cylinders to create the curved surfaces. Also, I'd like to use `$fn` to control the smoothness of the curves.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files needed to do this? I'd prefer to have everything as a single .scad file, if possible.

[Assistant]
Customizable_spherical_lens.scad:
```
/* [Parameters] */
//Reflective index of used material, n. Pick between 1.0 and 1.7.
reflectiveIndex = 1.4;

//Needed focal length. Take negative for diverging lens.
focalLength = 200;

//Lens diameter.
aperture = 60;//[10.0:100.0]

//Minimal distance between optical surfaces.
thickness = 3;//[0.0:10.0]

//Pick if biconvex or biconcave lens needed.
isBicurved = 1; //[0:1]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 300;

curvature = abs((reflectiveIndex-1)*focalLength*(isBicurved+1));
segmentHeight = curvature-sqrt(curvature*curvature - 0.25*aperture*aperture);

thickness2 = thickness/(1+isBicurved);
/*helping variable, which allows to mirror generated part*/

module convex(){
translate([0,0,thickness2]){
union()
{
difference()
{
    translate([0,0,-curvature+segmentHeight]){sphere(curvature);}
    translate([0,0,-2*curvature]) {cylinder(r=curvature,h=2*curvature,center=false);}
}
    translate([0,0,-thickness2]) {cylinder(r=0.5*aperture,h=thickness2,center=false);}
}
}
}
module concave(){
translate([0,0,thickness2]){
difference()
{
    translate([0,0,-thickness2]) {cylinder(r=0.5*aperture,h=curvature+thickness2,center=false);}
    translate([0,0,curvature]){sphere(curvature);}
}
}
}

module 2convex(){
union(){
convex();
mirror ([0,0,1]){convex();}
}
}
module 2concave(){
union(){
concave();
mirror ([0,0,1]){concave();}
}
}
if (focalLength>0 && isBicurved==0) {color([0,1,1]) convex();}
if (focalLength>0 && isBicurved==1) {color([0,1,1]) 2convex();}
if (focalLength<0 && isBicurved==0) {color([0,1,1]) concave();}
if (focalLength<0 && isBicurved==1) {color([0,1,1]) 2concave();}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable twist box, kind of like the one described in the text you provided. It needs to have two interlocking halves that twist together. Here are the parameters I'd like to control:

*   **Wall Thickness:** The thickness of the box walls.
*   **Base Thickness:** The thickness of the bottom of each half.
*   **Diameter:** The overall diameter of the box.
*   **Height:** The overall height of the assembled box.
*   **Margin/Clearance:** A small gap to provide tolerance between the parts.
*   **Sides to Print:** An option to only print one half of the box, either "A", "B", or both ("all").
*   **Initials:** Text that I can embed into the ends of each half.
*   **Locking Nubs:** Small nubs that snap the two halves together.
*   **Inside Logo:** An option to include or omit a logo (likely a simple one) on the inside of the box.
*   **Initials Depth:** How deeply the embedded initials are recessed.
*   **Initials Size:** The size of the text used for the initials.
*   **Steps/Resolution:** The number of segments used to make the curves.

So, in summary I'd like two pieces of a cylindrical box that interlock through a twisting mechanism and provide optional snapping nubs for a more secure closure. It should allow me to customize the dimensions, wall thickness, have optional embedded text, and a logo. I'd prefer for it to be manifold.

I'm not too familiar with OpenSCAD libraries. I think I'll need a library to deal with text, and another for 3D shapes. It would probably be ideal if these could be combined to create a simple-to-use interface, but I'm not sure how feasible that would be.

[Assistant]
TwistBox-manifoldFix_v2.scad:
```
// Twist box by RevK
// Manifoldness fix, locking nubs, and other tweaks by DrLex
// License: Creative Commons - Attribution
/* [ Global ] */

// Wall Thickness
wallthickness=3;

// Base Thickness
basethickness=3;

// Diameter
diameter=40;

// Height
height=50;

// Margin / clearance
margin=.4;

// Sides to print
sides=0; // [0:all,1:A,2:B]

// Initials to embed in ends
initials="";

/* [ Advanced ] */
// Locking nubs
nubs="yes"; // [yes,no]

// Inside logo
logo="yes"; // [yes,no]

// How deep to embed initials
initials_depth=1;

// Font size
initials_size=10; // [6:1:20]

// Steps
$fn=100;

if(sides!=1)
{
    difference()
    {
        twists(0);
        translate([0,0,-0.01])
        linear_extrude(height=initials_depth)

        mirror([-1,0])
        text(initials,valign="center",halign="center",size=initials_size,$fn=50);

        //scale(diameter/8.5)
        //translate([-3,-2.15,0])
        //import("../DXF/charmed.dxf");
    }
}

if(sides!=2)
{
    translate([sides?0:diameter*1.1,0,0])
    difference()
    {
        twists(1);
        translate([0,0,-0.01])
        linear_extrude(height=initials_depth)
        mirror([-1,0])
        text(initials,valign="center",halign="center",size=initials_size,$fn=50);
    }
}

// A&A logo - Trademark and Copyright 2013 Andrews & Arnold Ltd
module aa(w=100,white=0,$fn=100)
{   // w is the 100%, centre line of outer ring, so overall size (white=0) if 1.005 times that
    scale(w/100)
    {
        if(!white)difference()
        {
            circle(d=100.5);
            circle(d=99.5);
        }
        difference()
        {
            if(white)circle(d=100);
            difference()
            {
                circle(d=92);
                for(m=[0,1])
                mirror([m,0,0])
                {
                    difference()
                    {
                        translate([24,0,0])
                        circle(r=22.5);
                        translate([24,0,0])
                        circle(r=15);
                    }
                    polygon([[1.5,22],[9,22],[9,-18.5],[1.5,-22]]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module arc(a,d,w)
difference()
{
    circle(d=d);
    circle(d=d-w*2);
    translate([-d,0])
    square(diameter*2);
    rotate([0,0,180-a])
    translate([-d,0])
    square(d*2);
}

module twists(f)
{
    amargin=360*margin/PI/diameter;
    cylinder(d=diameter-wallthickness*2-margin*2,h=basethickness);
    linear_extrude(height=basethickness+1, convexity=2)
    if(logo == "yes") aa(w=(diameter-wallthickness*4-margin*4)/1.1,white=1);
    twist(f,basethickness,diameter,wallthickness+margin*2,60-amargin);
    difference() {
       twist(f,height+margin,diameter,wallthickness,60-amargin);
        if(nubs == "yes") {
            if(f == 1) {
                for(a=[0:120:359])
                rotate([0,0,a-1.4-90*height/diameter]) translate([diameter/2-wallthickness,0,height-basethickness]) sphere(r=.9, $fn=20);
            } else {
                for(a=[0:120:359])
                rotate([0,0,a-46-90*height/diameter]) translate([diameter/2-wallthickness,0,height-basethickness]) sphere(r=.9, $fn=20);
            }
        }
    }
    // Manifold fix: give this one an extra nudge to avoid overlapping meshes
    twist(f,height-basethickness-margin,diameter-margin,wallthickness*2+margin/2,5,0,20,wallthickness-margin/2,-0.1);
    twist(f,height-basethickness-margin,diameter-wallthickness*2-margin*2,wallthickness,15,10);
    if(nubs == "yes") {
        if(f == 0) {
            for(a=[0:120:359])
            rotate([0,0,a+1.4]) translate([diameter/2-wallthickness-margin,0,basethickness]) sphere(r=.75, $fn=20);
        } else {
            for(a=[0:120:359])
            rotate([0,0,a+46]) translate([diameter/2-wallthickness-margin,0,basethickness]) sphere(r=.75, $fn=20);
        }
    }
}

module twist(f,h,d,w,s,o=0,s2=0,w2=0,nudge=0)
intersection()
{
    linear_extrude(height=height,twist=90*height/diameter, convexity=2)
    mirror([f,0,0])
    for(a=[0:120:359])
    rotate([0,0,a+o+nudge])
    if(w2)hull()
    {
        arc(s,d,w);
        arc(s2,d,w2);
    }else arc(s,d,w);
    translate([-diameter,-diameter,0])
    cube([diameter*2,diameter*2,h]);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a 12-sided dice, specifically a rhombic dodecahedron, and I need an OpenSCAD design for it. I've been playing around with an existing design, but I want a fresh start with a new design that is fully parametric. Here are the features I need:

1.  **Shape:** The base shape should be a rhombic dodecahedron.

2.  **Size:** The overall size of the dice should be controlled by a `thickness` parameter. This parameter should represent the distance from face to face across the center of the dice in millimeters.

3.  **Rounding:** I'd like to be able to control the roundness of the edges and corners. A `roundness` parameter (between 0 and 20, where 0 is sharp edges) should allow this.  This will need to be applied to the main shape and to the cutouts of the text.

4. **Text:** I need to engrave text onto each of the 12 faces. There will only be six text entries to allow for paired messages on opposite faces. Each text entry should contain *two* messages separated by a "/".  So, for example, one line of text might read: "Taco Bell/Qdoba"

5.  **Text Placement:** The text should be placed along the long diagonal of each face. The text should be extruded from the surface of the die by 3mm.  I want to use the font "cousine" for the text, with a font size that is proportional to the `thickness` parameter. I think 1/10th of the thickness would be about right. Use a $fn of 50 on the text.

6.  **Text Parameters:** The text lines are set via `faces_1_and_7`, `faces_2_and_8`, `faces_3_and_9`, `faces_4_and_10`, `faces_5_and_11`, and `faces_6_and_12` where the first message in each pair is placed on one face of the dice, and the second message is placed on the opposite face, with message pairs associated with opposite faces. You will need to parse each text line, using the slash "/" character as a delimiter.

7. **Text Positioning**: Use `search` to find the position of the `/` in each faces_x_and_y string. Use the first position to set up a translation vector, and then loop through each letter up to the `/` and create text elements. Use the negative of that translation vector, plus the length of the string, to translate the second text string, and use a similar loop and linear_extrude to print the second message on the opposite face. Translate each letter in each message so that the spacing will look good when the text is placed on a face. The translate vector for the second string should include a 180 degree rotation.

8. **Assembly**: Use Minkowski sum to combine a sphere for the rounding with a rhombic dodecahedron shape, and then use difference to subtract the extruded text from the rounded die shape.

I think that covers it.  I'm ready for the code whenever you are.

[Assistant]
Rhombic_3.scad:
```
//Dice face to face thickness in mm
thickness=75;
//Rounds edges and corners.  Set to 0 for sharp edges
roundness=10; //[0:20]
//separate face 1 message and face 7 message with a slash
faces_1_and_7="Taco Bell/Qdoba";
//separate face 2 message and face 8 message with a slash
faces_2_and_8="Chipotle/Naugles";
//separate face 3 message and face 9 message with a slash
faces_3_and_9="Mc Donalds/Burger King";
//separate face 4 message and face 10 message with a slash
faces_4_and_10="Wendy's/Hardees";
//separate face 5 message and face 11 message with a slash
faces_5_and_11="Olive Garden/Chili's";
//separate face 6 message and face 12 message with a slash
faces_6_and_12="Red Lobster/Houlihans";

module rhombic_dodecahedron() {
   intersection(){
      rotate([ 0,45, 0]) difference()
         cube([(1-roundness/100)*thickness,(1-roundness/100)*thickness*sqrt(2),(1-roundness/100)*thickness],center=true);
      rotate([ 0,45,90]) difference()
         cube([(1-roundness/100)*thickness,(1-roundness/100)*thickness*sqrt(2),(1-roundness/100)*thickness],center=true);
      rotate([90, 0,45]) difference()
         cube([(1-roundness/100)*thickness,(1-roundness/100)*thickness*sqrt(2),(1-roundness/100)*thickness],center=true);
   }
}

module rhombic_text() {
   rotate([0,45,0]){
         translate([-search("/",faces_1_and_7)[0]*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[0:1:search("/",faces_1_and_7)[0]-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_1_and_7[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0,180,0])
         translate([(-search("/",faces_1_and_7)[0]-len(faces_1_and_7))*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[search("/",faces_1_and_7)[0]+1:1:len(faces_1_and_7)-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_1_and_7[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0, 90,0])
         translate([-search("/",faces_2_and_8)[0]*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[0:1:search("/",faces_2_and_8)[0]-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_2_and_8[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0,270,0])
         translate([(-search("/",faces_2_and_8)[0]-len(faces_2_and_8))*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[search("/",faces_2_and_8)[0]+1:1:len(faces_2_and_8)-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_2_and_8[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
   }
   rotate([0,45,90]){
         translate([-search("/",faces_3_and_9)[0]*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[0:1:search("/",faces_3_and_9)[0]-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_3_and_9[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0,180,0])
         translate([(-search("/",faces_3_and_9)[0]-len(faces_3_and_9))*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[search("/",faces_3_and_9)[0]+1:1:len(faces_3_and_9)-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_3_and_9[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0, 90,0])
         translate([-search("/",faces_4_and_10)[0]*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[0:1:search("/",faces_4_and_10)[0]-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_4_and_10[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0,270,0])
         translate([(-search("/",faces_4_and_10)[0]-len(faces_4_and_10))*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[search("/",faces_4_and_10)[0]+1:1:len(faces_4_and_10)-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_4_and_10[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
   }
   rotate([90,0,45]){
         translate([-search("/",faces_5_and_11)[0]*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[0:1:search("/",faces_5_and_11)[0]-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_5_and_11[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0,180,0])
         translate([(-search("/",faces_5_and_11)[0]-len(faces_5_and_11))*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[search("/",faces_5_and_11)[0]+1:1:len(faces_5_and_11)-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_5_and_11[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0, 90,0])
         translate([-search("/",faces_6_and_12)[0]*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[0:1:search("/",faces_6_and_12)[0]-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_6_and_12[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
      rotate([0,270,0])
         translate([(-search("/",faces_6_and_12)[0]-len(faces_6_and_12))*thickness/27,-thickness/22,thickness/2-1])
            for(i=[search("/",faces_6_and_12)[0]+1:1:len(faces_6_and_12)-1]){
               translate([i*thickness/14,0,0])linear_extrude(3)text(font="cousine",faces_6_and_12[i],thickness/10,$fn=50);
            }
   }
}

difference() {
   minkowski() {
      sphere(roundness/100*thickness/2,$fn=50);
      rotate ([45,0,90]) rhombic_dodecahedron();
   }
   rotate ([45,0,90]) rhombic_text();
}
```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a customizable microphone holder. I need it to be in a few parts that connect, and I want to be able to adjust most of the dimensions.

Specifically, there should be a base that's designed to hold a nut, with a knurled surface on the outside to help with grip. I need to specify the nut size and height, and also the base diameter and height, as well as the depth and count of the knurls. The base will connect to a joint that allows for tilting. The joint should have a slot in the middle, and cogs on both sides for traction. The joint parts will be held together with an axle, so I need to be able to define the axle diameter and the joint's total thickness, as well as its other dimensions. I also need to be able to define the dimensions of the cog teeth, such as their count, height, and offset.

The other main part is the holder itself, which needs to have a variable length and wall thickness, and I need to be able to set the inner diameter at both ends independently, so the holder can be conical. The holder also connects to a joint with cogs, like the one on the base, for rotation and adjustment.

Finally, it'd be great to have a few "print options", namely a print expansion parameter for my printer (it tends to make things a bit bigger), and also a gap-between-parts parameter. I'd like all parts to print separately with defined spacing so they can be assembled later.

I don't think I need any special libraries, just the basic OpenSCAD functions.

[Assistant]
microphone_holder.scad:
```
// preview[view:south west, tilt:top diagonal]

// Which part would you like to see?
part = "all"; // [all:All parts,mount:Mount Only,holder:Holder Only,axle:Axle Only]

/* [Basic] */

// Nut parameters in a mount

// Size of a nut between two flat edges
nut_size = 16;

nut_height = 8.3;

// Microphone holder parameters
holder_length = 30;

// Front inner diameter must be bigger or equal than rear one
front_inner_diameter = 32;
rear_inner_diameter = 29;

// Holder wall thickness
wall_thickness = 1.5;

/* [Advanced] */

// Knurled mount parameters
mount_base_height = 12;
mount_base_diameter = 28;

// Knurl's depth
knurl_depth = 2;
knurl_count = 10;

// Joint parameters
joint_outer_diameter = 16;

// Distance between two outer surfaces of the joint
joint_total_thickness = 12;
joint_height = 18;

// Gap width for middle joint arm
joint_slot_width = 4;

// Hole for the joint axle
joint_hole_diameter = 7;

// Joint cogs parameters
cogs_count=30;
cogs_height=0.5;

// An offset from outer joint surface and inner joint axle hole
cogs_offset=1;

/* [Print options] */

// printing parameters

// Expansion of detail as a result of extrusion
print_expansion = 0.1;

// Gap between details when printed together
gap_between_parts = 2;

/* [Hidden] */

// construction hidden constants

// technical overlap between joined or deducted details to ensure volumes are combined in one and deducted without thin planes at the edges
overlap=0.1;
pi=3.14;

// all parts together

print_part();

module print_part() {
    if ( (part == "all") || (part == "mount") ) {
        base_part();
    }

    if ( (part == "all") || (part == "holder") ) {
        offset=(mount_base_diameter/2)*cos(asin(((front_inner_diameter/2+wall_thickness)*sin(45))/(mount_base_diameter/2)))+(front_inner_diameter/2+wall_thickness)*(1+cos(45))+wall_thickness;
        translate( [offset+gap_between_parts,0,0] )
        rotate( [0,0,-90] )
        holder_part();
    }

    if ( (part == "all") || (part == "axle") ) {
        translate( [mount_base_diameter/2+gap_between_parts+joint_hole_diameter/2,0,0] )
        axle_part();
    }
}

// PART 1: Stand Mount

module base_part() {
    union() {
        difference() {
            base();
            nut ();
            knurls();
        };

        translate( [0,0,mount_base_height] )
        stand_mount_joint();
    }
}

module base () {
    cylinder( $fn=mount_base_diameter*pi*3, mount_base_height, d=mount_base_diameter );
}

module knurls () {
    count = knurl_count;
    height = mount_base_height;
    radius = knurl_depth;
    surface_diameter = mount_base_diameter;

    angle=360/count;
    for( number = [1 : count] ) {
        rotate( [0,0,angle*number] )
        translate( [surface_diameter/2,0,-overlap] )
        cylinder( $fn=24, height+2*overlap, r=radius );
    };
}

module nut () {
    translate( [0,0,-overlap] )
    cylinder( $fn=6, nut_height+print_expansion+overlap, d=((nut_size+2*print_expansion)/cos(30)) );
}

module stand_mount_joint () {
    width = joint_outer_diameter;
    depth = joint_total_thickness;
    height = joint_height;
    hole_diameter = joint_hole_diameter+2*print_expansion;

	slot_width = joint_slot_width+2*print_expansion;

	union() {
		// joint without cogs
		difference() {
			// joint full body
			union() {
				// cubical part of the joint is radius less than full height
				// radius is half width of the joint
				translate( [-width/2, -depth/2, -overlap] )
				cube( [width, depth, height-width/2+overlap] );

				// radial part of the joint
				translate( [0,0,height-width/2] )
				rotate( [90,0,0] )
				cylinder( $fn=width*pi*3, depth, d=width, center=true );
			}

			// slot
			translate( [-width/2-overlap, -slot_width/2, -overlap*2] )
			cube( [width+overlap*2, slot_width, height+overlap*3] );

			// mount hole
			translate( [0,0,height-width/2] )
			rotate( [90,0,0] )
			cylinder( $fn=hole_diameter*pi*3, depth+overlap*2, d=hole_diameter, center=true );
		}

		// cogs
		translate( [0,-slot_width/2,height-width/2] )
		cogs( true );

        rotate ( [0,0,180] )
		translate( [0,-slot_width/2,height-width/2] )
		cogs( true );
	}
}

// PART 2: Holder

// this is the angle for whole detail to rotate to make holder semi-circle perpendicular to XY plane
ratio = front_inner_diameter/rear_inner_diameter;
tilt_angle = atan(((rear_inner_diameter/2+wall_thickness)*ratio-(rear_inner_diameter/2+wall_thickness))/holder_length);

module holder_part() {
    // make wide side of the holder laying flat at XY plane
    translate ( [0,0,holder_length/2] )
    rotate( [-90+tilt_angle,0,0] )
    union() {
        holder();

        holder_joint();
    }
}

module holder() {
	length = holder_length;
	inner_radius = [rear_inner_diameter/2, front_inner_diameter/2];
	thickness = wall_thickness;

	outer_radius = [inner_radius[0]+thickness, (inner_radius[0]+thickness)*ratio];

    // rotate holder to make it horizontal before attaching to the joint
	rotate( [-tilt_angle,0,0] )
    translate( [0,0,-outer_radius[0]*(1+ratio)/2] )
    rotate( [-90,0,0] )
	rotate( [0,0,45] )
	linear_extrude( height=length, slices=ceil(length), scale=ratio, center=true )
	union() {
		difference() {
			circle( $fn=2*outer_radius[0]*pi*3, r=outer_radius[0] );
			circle( $fn=2*inner_radius[0]*pi*3, r=inner_radius[0] );
			square( outer_radius[0]+overlap );
		}

		translate( [inner_radius[0]+thickness/2, 0] )
		circle( $fn=12, d=thickness );

		translate( [0, inner_radius[0]+thickness/2] )
		circle( $fn=12, d=thickness );
	}
}

// joint arm
module holder_joint () {
    width = joint_outer_diameter;
    depth = joint_slot_width-print_expansion;
    height = joint_height;
    hole_diameter = joint_hole_diameter+2*print_expansion;

	holder_min_radius = rear_inner_diameter/2+wall_thickness;
	insert_angle = asin((depth/2)/holder_min_radius);
	insert_length = holder_min_radius*(1-cos(insert_angle))+overlap;

	translate( [0, 0, -insert_length/2] )
	cube( [depth, width, insert_length], center=true );

	union() {
		// joint without cogs
		difference() {
			// joint full body
			union() {
				// cubical part of the joint
				translate( [-depth/2, -width/2, -overlap] )
				cube( [depth, width, height-width/2+overlap] );

				// radial part of the joint
				translate( [0,0,height-width/2] )
				rotate( [0,90,0] )
				cylinder( $fn=width*pi*3, depth, d=width, center=true );
			}

			// mount hole
			translate( [0,0,height-width/2] )
			rotate( [0,90,0] )
			cylinder( $fn=hole_diameter*pi*3, depth+overlap*2, d=hole_diameter, center=true );

			// cogs
			rotate( [0,0,90] )
			translate( [0,-depth/2,height-width/2] )
			cogs();

			rotate( [0,0,-90] )
			translate( [0,-depth/2,height-width/2] )
			cogs( false );
		}
	}
}

// PART 3: Joining Axle

module axle_part() {
    cylinder( $fn=joint_hole_diameter*pi*3, joint_total_thickness, d=joint_hole_diameter-print_expansion*2 );
}

// small cogs to make a traction in joint
// if cogs are convex, then their length is shorter to fit into concave cogs slots after printing
module cogs( isConvex=true ) {
    count = cogs_count;
    angle=360/count;

	offset = cogs_offset + ( isConvex ? -2*print_expansion : 2*print_expansion );
	outer_radius = joint_outer_diameter/2-offset;
	inner_radius = joint_hole_diameter/2+offset;

    height = cogs_height;
	length = outer_radius*cos(angle/2)-inner_radius;

	outer_width=outer_radius*sin(angle/2)*2;
	inner_width=inner_radius*tan(angle/2)*2;

    for( number = [1 : count] ) {
        rotate( [0,number*angle,0] )
		translate( [0,0,-outer_radius*cos(angle/2)] )
		linear_extrude( height=length, slices=ceil(length), scale=[(inner_width/outer_width),1] )
		polygon( points=[[-outer_width/2,0], [0,height], [outer_width/2,0], [outer_width/2,-overlap], [-outer_width/2,-overlap]] );
    };
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable tatting shuttle based on the design I've seen here: [link to Thingiverse page]. It’s a pretty elegant, streamlined design consisting of two shell-like halves enclosing a bobbin. I've attached the original SCAD file, so you can see exactly how it's constructed.

The key parameters I need to control are:

*   **`shuttle_length`**: The overall length of the shuttle from tip to tip.
*   **`shuttle_height`**: The maximum height of the shuttle.
*   **`shuttle_width`**: The overall width of the shuttle (this one can also be automatically calculated as described in the provided file).
*   **`shell_thickness`**: The thickness of the shell walls.
*   **`gap`**: The space between the shell halves at the tips.
*   **`bobbin_width`**: The width of the bobbin in the center.
*   **`bobbin_length`**: The length of the bobbin in the center.
*   **`eye_diameter`**: The diameter of the hole in the bobbin for threading.
*  **`half_model`**: A boolean for if I just want to generate one half of the model for debugging.

I'd like the shuttle to be generated using curved surfaces, as in the attached file, and not simply a series of boxes. Also, please ensure that the bobbin and the eye (thread hole) are constructed using the parameters above.

Could you provide me with a parametric OpenSCAD file that allows me to adjust these parameters to create custom-sized shuttles? The file should include the conditional generation of half the shuttle or the full shuttle if the half_model boolean is set to true. I do not need any additional libraries for this project.

[Assistant]
Custom-tatting-shuttle.scad:
```
/*
 * Copyleft 2012 Sergio García-Cuevas González
 *
 * This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
 * Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
 * To view a copy of this license, visit
 * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
 * or send a letter to Creative Commons,
 * 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
 * California, 94041, USA.
 */

/*
 * Tattting shuttle
 *
 * This tatting shuttle consists of a couple of streamlined shells
 * enclosing a bobbin.  The shells are separated at theirs tips
 * by a small gap and the bobbin has a hole (the eye) for threading.
 *
 * There are several geometrical parameters.  All distances are measured
 * in millimeters.
 *
 *   - shuttle_length: length of the shuttle measured from tip to tip;
 *   - shuttle_height: height of the shuttle;
 *   - shuttle_width: width of the shuttle;
 *   - shell_thickness: thickness of the shells;
 *   - gap: distance between shells at the tips of the shuttle;
 *   - bobbin_width: width of the bobbin;
 *   - bobbin_height: height of the bobbin;
 *   - eye_diameter: diameter of the eye;
 *   - half_model: if true, build just one half of the model.
 */

/* Jon's Notes:
 * First... I love this tatting shuttle design.  I wanted to turn
 * this into a customizer so others could make custom sized bobbins
 * This is not my design, I merely made it better.
 */

/*[Parameters]*/
//Length of the shuttle measured from tip to tip
shuttle_length = 50;

//Height of the shuttle
shuttle_height = 17;

//Width of the shuttle
shuttle_width = shuttle_length * (2 - sqrt (3));

//Thickness of shell
shell_thickness = 1;
//Distance between shells at the tips of the shuttle
gap = 0.5;
//Width of the bobbin (Center)
bobbin_width = 4;
//Length of bobbin (Center)
bobbin_length = 6;
//Diameter of the eye hole;
eye_diameter = 4;

/*[Hidden]*/
half_model = false;
$fn = 0;
$fa = 5;
$fs = 0.1;

intersection ()
{
  /* Planform */
  assign (planform_radius = shuttle_width / 4
                          + shuttle_length * shuttle_length / 4 / shuttle_width)
  {
    intersection ()
    {
      translate (v = [0, -planform_radius + shuttle_width / 2, 0])
      {
        cylinder (r = planform_radius,
                  h = 2 * shuttle_height,
                  center = true);
      }
      translate (v = [0, planform_radius - shuttle_width / 2, 0])
      {
        cylinder (r = planform_radius, h = 2 * shuttle_height, center = true);
      }
    }
  }
  /* Body */
  assign (shell_radius = (shuttle_height - gap) / 4
                       + shuttle_length * shuttle_length
                         / 4 / (shuttle_height - gap))
  {
    union ()
    {
      /* Bobbin */
      intersection ()
      {
        translate (v = [0, 0, -shell_radius - gap / 2 + shuttle_height / 2])
        {
          sphere (r = shell_radius);
        }
        translate (v = [0, 0, shell_radius + gap / 2 - shuttle_height / 2])
        {
          sphere (r = shell_radius);
        }
        difference ()
        {
          scale (v = [bobbin_length, bobbin_width, shuttle_height])
          {
            cylinder (r = 0.5, h = 1, center = true);
          }
          rotate (a = [90, 0, 0])
          {
            cylinder (r = eye_diameter / 2,
                      h = bobbin_width * 2,
                      center = true);
          }
        }
      }
      /* Upper shell */
      intersection ()
      {
        translate (v = [0, 0, -shell_radius + shuttle_height / 2])
        {
          difference ()
          {
            sphere (r = shell_radius);
            sphere (r = shell_radius - shell_thickness);
          }
        }
        translate (v = [-shuttle_length, -shuttle_length, gap / 2])
        {
          cube (size = [2 * shuttle_length,
                        2 * shuttle_length,
                        shuttle_height]);
        }
      }
      /* Lower shell */
      intersection ()
      {
        translate (v = [0, 0, shell_radius - shuttle_height / 2])
        {
          difference ()
          {
            sphere (r = shell_radius);
            sphere (r = shell_radius - shell_thickness);
          }
        }
        translate (v = [-shuttle_length,
                        -shuttle_length,
                        -shuttle_height - gap / 2])
        {
          cube (size = [2 * shuttle_length,
                        2 * shuttle_length,
                        shuttle_height]);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (half_model)
  {
    translate (v = [-shuttle_length, 0, -shuttle_height])
    {
      cube (size = [2 * shuttle_length,
                    shuttle_width,
                    2 * shuttle_height]);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    cube (size = [2 * shuttle_length,
                  2 * shuttle_width,
                  2 * shuttle_height],
          center = true);
  }
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable Enigma machine rotor, similar to the one I've seen a prototype of. I want to be able to define the cylinder diameter, the thickness of the cylinder, the central hole diameter and depth, the positioning and diameter of the 'ghiera' cylinders, the alphabet used, and the wiring for several different rotors.

Specifically, I need the design to be parametric so I can adjust these values. The core of the rotor will be a cylinder with lettering around its circumference on both faces, and another set of smaller cylinders forming what's called the 'ghiera'. There will be a hole running through the middle of the entire cylinder. The letters around the circumference will correspond to a specified alphabet, and on the opposite face, they will correspond to a defined substitution for that alphabet which will represent one of the rotor's encryptions. There needs to be at least 5 different rotors to chose from, where the difference between them is the substitution alphabet.

I'd like to be able to specify:

*   `diametro`: The overall diameter of the cylinder.
*   `spessore`: The thickness of the cylinder, specifically the thickness of one half of it, and it will be 2X this thick.
*   `foro_dia`: The diameter of the central hole.
*   `foro_H`: The height of the central hole, which should be a bit bigger than the total thickness of the cylinder so it goes right through.
*   `ghiera_Ypos`: The radial position (distance from the center) of the smaller cylinders (the 'ghiera') that sit around the main cylinder.
*  `ghiera_dia`: The diameter of these smaller 'ghiera' cylinders.
* `alfabeto`: This should be a variable representing a string of letters, e.g. "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
* `cifra1` through `cifra5`: These should be a series of strings of letters representing a substituted alphabet, e.g. "BDFHJLCPRTXVZNYEIWGAKMUSQO". This will be used to print the letters on the bottom side of the rotor.

I also need a function to draw each of these cylinders - the main one, the 'ghiera' cylinders, and the cut-out for the main cylinder hole. The letters also need to be added in a radial fashion around the cylinders and on the correct face (i.e. the 'cifra' text should be on the opposite face to the 'alfabeto' text)

I'd like the code to be well-organized, preferably using modules to draw the cylinder, the letters and the 'ghiera' parts. I'd also like a main difference which removes the central hole from the main cylinder. I'd like to be able to use the customizer to change all of these values, including which of the 5 'cifra' substitutions is used to engrave the back side of the rotor.

Could you please generate the OpenSCAD code to achieve this? I don't need any external libraries for this.

[Assistant]
cyl_enigma.scad:
```
diametro=150; // diametro cilindro
spessore=12; // spessore di mezzo cilindro

foro_dia=22; // diametro foro centrale
foro_H=spessore*2+4; // altezza

ghiera_Ypos=89; // posizione cilindro per foro ghiera
ghiera_dia=26; // diametro cilindro foro della ghiera

alfabeto="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; // alfabeto
cifra1="BDFHJLCPRTXVZNYEIWGAKMUSQO"; // alfabeto cifrato

cifra2="JDKSIRUXBLHWTAMCQGZNPYFVOE";
cifra3="EKMFLGDQVZNTOWYHXUSPAIBRCJ";
cifra4="GAJDSIRWUXBLKHTMQNPYFVOEZC";
cifra5="KMGDVZNOWYHFXUSQPTELAIBRCJ";

//MAIN

difference() {
union() {
    translate([0, 0, 5])
    cifrario(alfabeto);
    translate([0, 0, -5])
    cifrario(cifra1);
    ghiera();
} //union
cylinder(r=foro_dia/2, h=foro_H, center=true);
} //difference

// cilindro con lettere
module cifrario(testo_cifrario) {
cylinder(r=diametro/2, h=spessore, $fn=26, center=true);
    for (i=[0:25]) {
        rotate([0, 0, 360/26*i]) {
        translate([0, diametro/2, 0])
        rotate([0, 90, 90]) {
          linear_extrude(height = 0.5) {
          text(testo_cifrario[i], size=8, font="Liberation Sans:style=Regular", halign="center", valign="center",
          spacing=1.0, direction="ltr", language="en", script="latin"); }// extrude
        }
        } // rotate
    } //for
} // modulo

// ghiera centrale
module ghiera() {
difference() {
    cylinder(r=diametro/2+5, h=2, center=true);
    for (i=[0:25]) {
        rotate([0, 0, 360/26*i]) {
        translate([0, ghiera_Ypos, 0])
         {
          cylinder(r=ghiera_dia/2, h=20, center=true);
        }
        } // rotate
    } //for
    } //difference
} //modulo

```