[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric E3D V5/V6 hotend mount for a Richrap 3DR printer. I've got a basic idea from an existing design, but I need to make it adjustable and configurable.

The mount should consist of two main parts: a central ring that holds the hotend, and arms that connect it to the printer carriage. The hotend is held in place by the ring, with two mounting holes for M3 screws on each side. The arms should also have clearance for M3 screws that attach the mount to the carriage.

Here are the key dimensions that should be parametric:

*   **`hotend_mount_diameter`**: The diameter of the central ring that holds the hotend (currently 44mm, and inner diameter of 16mm and 12mm should be considered).
*  **`hotend_mount_depth`**: The depth of the ring that holds the hotend (currently 8mm with a 5.4mm step).
*   **`arm_length`**: The distance from the center of the hotend to the mounting screw holes on the arms (currently 31mm).
*   **`arm_width`**:  The width of the arms (currently 22mm, with 8mm cutout).
*    **`arm_thickness`**: The thickness of the arms (currently 10mm).
*   **`screw_hole_diameter`**: The diameter of the screw holes for the M3 screws (currently 3mm + clearance).
*   **`screw_head_diameter`**: The diameter of the countersunk screw heads (currently 6mm + clearance).
*   **`nut_diameter`**: The diameter of the nut recesses (currently 6.08mm + clearance).
*   **`clearance`**: A global variable for clearances (currently 0.4mm).
*   **`gap`**: Thickness of the cutouts in the side of the arms (currently 3mm)
*   **`layer_height`**: Compensation for bridging in FDM printing (currently 0mm)
* **`arm_count`**: The number of arms, should be an even number (currently 4)
* **`arm_angle`**: The angle between the arms (currently 60, 120, 240, 300 from 0 degrees).
* **`hotend_mount_d1`**: The diameter of the first inner diameter (currently 16)
* **`hotend_mount_h1`**: The hight of the first inner diameter (currently 5.4)
* **`hotend_mount_d2`**: The diameter of the second inner diameter (currently 12)

The design uses a `Ring` module, which is essentially a cylinder with a smaller cylinder subtracted from the middle and a `Kegel` module, which is a truncated cone with a cone subtracted. It also uses the `hull()` function to create cutouts for additional screw holes.

I want to use the `MCAD/regular_shapes.scad` and `MCAD/boxes.scad` libraries for any standard geometric shapes. Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
E3D_holder_for_3dr.scad:
```
/*

use <MCAD/regular_shapes.scad>
use <MCAD/boxes.scad>
*/
// include <../utils/build_plate.scad>
// build_plate_selector = 1; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic]
// build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

$fn =90;
PHI= 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971;
Clearance=0.4;
Abstand_M3 = 31;
Gap	=3;
dM3 = 3 + Clearance;
LayerHeight= 0.0; // for Bridge

jHeadD1= 16;
jHeadH1=5.4;
jHeadD2= 12;

dSrewHead= 6.0 + Clearance;
// http://www.schrauben-lexikon.de/norm/DIN_934.asp
dHexM3	= 6.08 + Clearance; //SW 5.5 eck:6mm

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES END

module oval(w,h, height, center = false) {
  scale([1, h/w, 1]) cylinder(h=height, r=w, center=center);
}

module Ring(r1, r2, hoehe) {
// 		Ring(20,10,5);
	difference() {
		cylinder(h=hoehe,r=r1);
		translate(v = [0, 0, -1])
		cylinder(h=hoehe+2,r=r2);
		}
	}

module Kegel(r1, r2, r3,r4, hoehe) {
	difference() {
		cylinder(h=hoehe,r1=r1,r2=r2);
		translate(v = [0, 0, -1])
		cylinder(h=hoehe+2, r1=r3, r2=r4);
		}
	}

module Schrauben(){
	%cylinder(r=1,h=1, center=true);

//	rotate(a=[0,90,0])
	translate([37.5/2,0,5])
	cylinder(r=dM3/2,h=15, center=true);
}

difference(){
	union() {
		Ring(44/2,jHeadD1/2,8);

		translate([0,0,])
		Ring(18/2,jHeadD2/2, jHeadH1);
		// Bridge for Printing
		translate([0,0,-1+jHeadH1])
		cylinder(r=16/2,h=LayerHeight, center=true);

	} // Ende Union Alles ab hier wird abgezogen

//	for (i = [0 : 360/6: 360]) {
//		echo("Magnet auf Winkel", i);
//		rotate(a=[0,0,i])
//		Schrauben();
//		}

		hull(){
			rotate(a=[0,0,60])
			Schrauben();
			translate([37.5/2*cos(60), 37.5/2*sin(60)-3, 5])
			cylinder(r=dM3/2,h=15, center=true);
		}

		hull(){
			rotate(a=[0,0,120])
			Schrauben();
			translate([37.5/2*cos(120), 37.5/2*sin(120)-3, 5])
			cylinder(r=dM3/2,h=15, center=true);
		}
		hull(){
			rotate(a=[0,0,240])
			Schrauben();
			translate([37.5/2*cos(240), 37.5/2*sin(240)+3, 5])
			cylinder(r=dM3/2,h=15, center=true);
		}
		hull(){
			rotate(a=[0,0,300])
			Schrauben();
			translate([37.5/2*cos(300), 37.5/2*sin(300)+3, 5])
			cylinder(r=dM3/2,h=15, center=true);
		}

/*
x=r*cos(phi)
y=r*sin(phi)
Umrechnung von Polarkoordinaten in kartesische Koordinaten
Wenn man ein kartesisches Koordinatensystem mit gleichem Ursprung wie das Polarkoordinatensystem, dabei die x-Achse in der Richtung der Polarachse, und schließlich die positive y-Achse in Richtung des positiven Drehsinnes wählt – wie in der Abbildung oben rechts dargestellt –, so ergibt sich für die kartesischen Koordinaten x und y eines Punktes.
*/
	translate([15,0,4])
	cube([22-8,Gap,10],center=true);
	translate([-15,0,4])
	cube([22-8,Gap,10],center=true);

	translate([0,0,2+5.5-1+LayerHeight])
	cube([44,Gap,4],center=true);

	translate([0,0,5.5/2-1-LayerHeight])
	cube([44,Gap,5.5],center=true);

	translate([ Abstand_M3/2,0,4])		rotate(a=[90,0,0])	 cylinder(r=dM3/2,h=100, center=true);
	translate([-Abstand_M3/2,0,4])		rotate(a=[90,0,0]) cylinder(r=dM3/2,h=100, center=true);

	translate([ Abstand_M3/2,-14,4]) 	rotate(a=[90,0,0]) cylinder(r=dSrewHead/2,h=10, center=true);
	translate([-Abstand_M3/2,-14,4]) 	rotate(a=[90,0,0]) cylinder(r=dSrewHead/2,h=10, center=true);

	translate([ Abstand_M3/2,14,4])  	rotate(a=[90,90,0]) cylinder(r=dHexM3/2,h=10, center=true, $fn=6);
	translate([-Abstand_M3/2,14,4])  	rotate(a=[90,90,0]) cylinder(r=dHexM3/2,h=10, center=true, $fn=6);

}
```


[User]
Hi! I'm looking to create a 3D model of a rather interesting object I saw, and I'd love to get some help writing the OpenSCAD code. It's basically a ball inside a box, but with a few details that make it more complex.

The core idea is that you've got a cube, and a sphere inside it. The ball is contained within the box and is a little bit off the base of the box. The box has four corner posts that extend up from the top of the base cube. The bottom and top of the cube are just flat rectangles that form the top and bottom of the box. The sphere is resting within the box, above the bottom panel and has a tiny gap between it and the top.

Here are some key parameters I think are needed:

*   **ball_radius**: This controls the radius of the sphere.
*   **box_base_size**: This will determine the size of the square base of the box. I think it should be slightly larger than the diameter of the ball for this design.
*   **post_height**: Controls the height of the corner posts.
*   **gap_between_ball_and_top**: This should be a small value to make sure the ball can move a little without hitting the top.

I'm thinking we'll want the box centered at the origin. The sphere should rest on the base, slightly off the bottom surface. Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that creates this object? I'm hoping for a fully parametric design so I can adjust the dimensions later. It'd be great if you could use some libraries, if they help make the design simpler!

[Assistant]
Ball_in_box.scad:
```
// Radius of the ball
radius = 12;

cube([radius*2+radius/2,radius*2+radius/2,radius/2], center=true);
translate([-radius,-radius,radius*2]) cube([radius/2,radius/2,radius*4], center=true);
translate([-radius, radius,radius*2]) cube([radius/2,radius/2,radius*4], center=true);
translate([ radius,-radius,radius*2]) cube([radius/2,radius/2,radius*4], center=true);
translate([ radius, radius,radius*2]) cube([radius/2,radius/2,radius*4], center=true);
translate([0,0,radius*4]) cube([radius*2+radius/2,radius*2+radius/2,radius/2], center=true);
$fn=100;
translate([0,0,radius+radius/4+.2]) sphere(r=radius, center=true);
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a parametric version of the Cyborg Beast prosthetic hand, designed by Jorge Zuniga. I've included my existing OpenSCAD file to show the design and how I've approached it, but I need the whole thing made more parametric and configurable, especially for hardware placement.

The key is to make it so that the hand itself (palm, fingers, thumb) can scale independently from the hardware cutouts. For example, a user should be able to scale the hand up by 10%, and then scale the hardware positions by a different percentage, say 5% - or even keep them at the original size and position.

Here are the main parts I need to be parametric:

*   **Palm dimensions:** Height, width, and thickness of the palm.
*   **Wrist dimensions:**  Height and thickness, including the curved part at the back and the connecting "hinge" pieces on the sides.
*   **Finger and Thumb connections:** The rectangular 'connectors' on the palm where the fingers attach and the thumb attachment point need to be configurable in terms of position and size.
*   **Knuckle blocks:** The blocks that connect to the fingers via elastic cords should also be parametric. I already have a module for this.
*   **Organic shapes:** The various organic, rounded forms that make up the palm's surface need to scale smoothly and consistently. This includes the rounded bits at the back of the knuckles, the inside of the palm, and the curved 'tendon' channels at the wrist.

*   **Hardware Cutouts:**
    *   **Velcro strap holes:**  The three holes for the velcro straps, which are currently simple cylinders, need to be placed parametrically. Their positions need to be able to scale independent of the rest of the model.
    *   **Hinges:** The hinges connecting the knuckles, wrist, and thumb need to be cut using cylinders with positions determined parametrically, like the velcro holes. The hinge cylinder sizes should be configurable as well.
    *   **Tendon holes:** The holes along the wrist for the tendons also need to be placed parametrically.
    *   **Thumb hardware:** The thumb rotation hole and elastic return cutouts need to be parametric in terms of position and size.

I'm using a few modules from my current code as a starting point - like `cyborgthumbsolid`, `cyborgbeast07palminsidespace`, `hardwarecutouts`, `knuckleblock`, and `cyborgbeast07palm`, but these can be completely redesigned if needed.  I'd also like to keep the ability to import an STL file for an alternative base for the palm like I did with `cb-palmleft.stl`.

It would also be useful if the user could select how many fingers the hand should have (3,4, or 5).

I'd like you to generate all the necessary .scad files, including the main model file. You can assume that the user will be using OpenSCAD to render this. I am _not_ looking for any additional libraries to be included in the response.

[Assistant]
cyborgbeast07e.scad:
```
knuckleR = 4.85;
wristH = 10;
palmH = 20;
palmW = 64;
th = 3;
fn = 32;

* translate([1000,0,0]) cube();

* translate([6.4,0,0]) import("cb-palmleft.stl");
difference()
	{
	difference()
		{
		cyborgbeast07palm();
		cyborgbeast07palminsidespace();
		//	Finger connectors
//		for(i=[-3,-1,1,3]) translate([i*7.3,28,0]) cube([5,15,21.6], center=true);
		for(i=[-3,-1,1,3]) translate([i*7.3,28,0])
			{
			cube([5,15,21.6], center=true);
			translate([0,-4.5,0]) rotate([30,0,i*-6]) cylinder(r=1.25, h=100, center=false, $fn=fn/2);
		render()	difference()
				{
				hull() translate([0,-4.5,0])
					{
					rotate([30,0,i*-6]) cylinder(r=1.25, h=100, center=false, $fn=fn/2);
					rotate([0,0,0]) cylinder(r=1.25, h=100, center=false, $fn=fn/2);
					}
				translate([0,0,-100/2 + 10]) cube(100, center=true);
				}
			}

		//	Thumb connector
		translate([40,-13,5]) rotate([-72,0,0])
			translate([4,4.1,0]) cube([21.6,15,5], center=true);
		//	Making sure the bottom is flat
		translate([0,0,-100/2]) cube(100, center=true);
		}
	hardwarecutouts();
	}

module cyborgthumbsolid()
	{
	translate([-1.5,-2.4,0]) rotate([91,90,20]) knuckleblock();
	hull()
		{
		translate([-20,0,5]) rotate([0,30,0]) scale([1,1,0.5]) sphere(r=9);
		hull()
			{
			cylinder(r=4.5, h=11-1, center=true, $fn=fn*2);
			translate([-10,-1,0]) cylinder(r=4.5, h=10, center=true, $fn=fn*2);
			rotate([-10,0,0]) translate([-10,-6,-1])
				cylinder(r=4.5, h=9, center=true, $fn=fn*2);
			}
		hull()
			{
		rotate([-20,0,0]) translate([-10,-8,-3]) cylinder(r=5, h=7, center=true, $fn=fn*2);
		rotate([-10,0,0]) translate([-10,-6,-1]) cylinder(r=4.5, h=9, center=true, $fn=fn*2);
		rotate([-20,0,0]) translate([-16,-10,-1]) cylinder(r=4.5, h=9, center=true, $fn=fn*2);
			}
		}
	}

module cyborgbeast07palminsidespace()
	{
	//	Cutouts through the top of the palm - cosmetic and to reduce plastic?
	for(i=[0,1])
		{
		mirror([i,0,0])
			{
			hull()
				{
				translate([13,13,0]) cylinder(r=3, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
				translate([10,5,0]) cylinder(r=2, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
				}
			hull()
				{
				translate([10,5,0]) cylinder(r=2, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
				translate([5,-5,0]) cylinder(r=1.5, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
				}
			}
		}
	//
//	translate([40,-13,5]) rotate([-72,0,0])

	//	Cutout of area inside the palm
	hull()
		{
		//	Rectangular cutout
		translate([0,-3.5,0]) cube([48,40,20], center=true);
		//	Cutout of the rounded bits on either side of the user's knucles
		for(i=[-1,1]) translate([17*i,4,0]) cylinder(r=11, h=20, center=true);
		//	Organic-y bits inside the hand
		translate([0,4,15]) rotate([-10,0,0]) scale([1,1,0.3]) sphere(r=10);
		translate([14,4,15]) rotate([-10,10,0]) scale([1,1,0.3]) sphere(r=10);
		translate([-14,4,15]) rotate([-10,-10,0]) scale([1,1,0.3]) sphere(r=10);
		translate([0,-24,19]) rotate([-10,0,0]) scale([1,1,0.3]) sphere(r=20);
		}
	}

module hardwarecutouts()
	{
	//	Three holes for putting in velcro straps
		for (i=[-1,0,1]) translate([18*i,pow(i,2)*-12 +3,0])
			cylinder(r=4/2, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
	//	Knuckle block hinge
		translate([0,27,5]) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(r=4/2, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
	//	Wrist hinges
		translate([0,-27,5.5]) rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(r=4/2, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
	//	Holes for tying the elastic cord at knuckles
		for (i=[-1,1]) translate([7.3*2*i,22,0]) for(i=[-1,1]) translate([2*i,0,0])
			cylinder(r=1.25, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/4);
	//	Holes for the tendons on wrist
		translate([0,-10,palmW/2-5]) rotate([-4,0,0])
			{
		*	for(i=[-4,-2,0,2,4]) translate([i*2,0,pow(i,2)*-0.05  ]) rotate([90,0,i*-2])
				cylinder(r=1, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/4);
			for(i=[-3,-1,1,3]) translate([i*2,0,pow(i,2)*-0.05  ]) rotate([90,0,i*-2])
				cylinder(r=1, h=100, center=true, $fn=fn/4);
			translate([5*2,0,pow(5,2)*-0.05  ]) rotate([90,0,5*-2])
				union() translate([0,0,10]) {
				cylinder(r=1, h=100, center=false, $fn=fn/4);
				rotate([0,120,-15]) cylinder(r=1, h=100, center=false, $fn=fn/4);
				sphere(1.25);
				}
			}
	//	Holes for thumb knuckle
		translate([40,-13,5]) rotate([-72,0,0]) cylinder(r=4/2, h=40, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
	//	Elastic return cutout
		translate([31,-13,16]) rotate([-72,0,0]) cylinder(r=3/2, h=40, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
	//	Thumb tendon channel
		translate([33,-13,5]) rotate([90-72,-90,-30])
			rotate([0,-20,-0]) rotate([10,90,0]) translate([0,0,-10])
				cylinder(r=1, h=100, center=false, $fn=fn/2);
	//	Thumb tendon channel
		translate([33,-13,5]) rotate([90-72,-90,-30])
			rotate([0,-20,-0]) rotate([10,90,0]) translate([0,0,5])
				cylinder(r1=1, r2=20, h=100, center=false, $fn=fn/2);

	}

module knuckleblock()
	{
	difference()
		{
		hull() for(j=[-1,1]) for(i=[-1,1]) translate([2.6*i,0,2.5*j]) rotate([90,0,0])
			cylinder(r=1.5, h=10, center=true, $fn=fn/2);
		cube([5,11,5.5], center=true);
	*	translate([0,7.8,-2]) cube(9, center=true);
		}
	}

module cyborgbeast07palm()
	{
	//	Thumb!!!
	translate([40,-13,5]) rotate([-72,0,0]) cyborgthumbsolid();
	//	Knuckle Block
	for(i=[-3,-1,1,3]) translate([i*7.3,23.9,4+4]) knuckleblock();

	//	Palm
	hull()
		{
		//	Organic forms for back of knuckles
			//	Near thumb
		translate([20.5,10,15.7]) rotate([-18,10,0]) scale([1,1,0.4]) sphere(10);
			//	Center of back of hand
		translate([0,11,18.1]) rotate([-23,0,0]) scale([1,1,0.2]) sphere(10);
			//	Near pinky
		translate([-20,10,14.5]) rotate([-18,-20,0]) scale([1,1,0.4]) sphere(10);
		//	Knuckles
		translate([0,27,knuckleR]) rotate([0,90,0])
			cylinder(r=knuckleR, h=55, center=true, $fn=fn);
		//	Palm
		translate([0,2,0]) scale([1,0.8,1]) cylinder(r=palmW/2-0.5, h=wristH/2, $fn=fn*2);
		difference()
			{
			translate([0,-1,wristH-1]) rotate([-10,-5,0]) scale([1,0.8,0.3])
				sphere(r=palmW/2+1.25, $fn=fn*2);
			translate([0,0,-1000/2]) cube(1000, center=true);
			}
		//	Wrist
		for(i=[-1,1]) translate([26.6*i,-12,wristH/2]) cube([th,10,wristH], center=true);
		//	Back of wrist
		translate([0,-18,0])
			{
			translate([0,0,17]) scale([1,1,0.4]) rotate([90,0,0])
				cylinder(r=palmW/2-6, h=th, center=true, $fn=fn);
			rotate([90,0,0]) intersection()
				{
				cylinder(r=palmW/2-4, h=th, center=true, $fn=fn);
				translate([0,palmW,0]) cube(palmW*2, center=true);
				}
			}
		//	Back of wrist, end of tendons
		translate([0,-19,26]) intersection()
			{
			rotate([-20,0,0]) scale([0.5,0.3,0.1]) sphere(r=palmW/2-6);
			}
		}

	//	Wrist hinge
	for(i=[-1,1])
		translate([26.6*i,-12,wristH/2]) {
			cube([th,30,wristH], center=true);
			translate([0,-30+wristH*1.5,0]) rotate([0,90,0])
				cylinder(r=wristH/2, h=th, center=true, $fn=fn);
			}
	}
```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a cube with a hole in the top and optional side wheels.

The cube should have a variable `cube_size` that defaults to 20 but can be 10, 20, or 30, with an option for a smaller "mini" size of 4. There's a hole in the top of the cube, and it should be a cylinder with a variable `hole_diameter` set to 2.5 by default. The depth of the hole is controlled by `hole_depth`, which defaults to 1 but can be set to 0, 1, 5 or 50. The hole should go down from the top face of the cube, not be centered on the cube.

There should also be an option to add wheels on the sides, controlled by a boolean variable called `show_wheels` that is a string and should default to "yes". The side wheels should be cylinders that match the cube's width, but extend slightly past the cube faces to a total height of cube_size + (2 * wheel_thickness). I need a variable `wheel_thickness` that defaults to 1, but it can range from 1 to 40, allowing for very thick wheels.

Please provide a complete OpenSCAD file. I don't need any external libraries to be included in the code, I want one single file that I can just run.

[Assistant]
test.scad:
```
cube_size = 20; // [10:Small,20:Medium,30:Large,4:mini]

hole_diameter = 2.5;
hole_radius = hole_diameter/2;

// How deep should the center hole be?
hole_depth = 1; // [0,1,5,50]

show_wheels = "yes"; // [yes,no]

// How thick should the side wheels be?
wheel_thickness = 1; // [1:40]

// ignore this variable!
// foo=1;

// don't turn functions into params!
function BEZ03(u) = pow((1-u), 3);

// ignore variable values
bing = 3+4;
baz = 3 / hole_depth;

difference() {
  union() {
    translate([0, 0, cube_size/2]) cube([cube_size,cube_size,cube_size], center=true);
    if (show_wheels == "yes") {
      translate([0, 0, cube_size/2]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) {
        cylinder(r=cube_size/2, h=cube_size+(wheel_thickness*2), center=true);
      }
    }
  }
  translate([0, 0, cube_size-hole_depth]) cylinder(r=hole_radius, h=hole_depth);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable photo panel using OpenSCAD, and I want it to work like the pixel beads thing I saw on Thingiverse. Basically, it should take a 20x20 grayscale image as an array of values between 0 and 1, where 0 is black and 1 is white, then it should turn each pixel into a 3D shape whose size is determined by its gray value. Lighter pixels are smaller and darker pixels are bigger.

I'd like a few options to tweak:

*   **Panel Shape:** I want to choose between a square or a circle.
*   **Border:** There needs to be a border around the whole thing, and I'd like to be able to control its width.
*   **Thickness:** I need to be able to adjust the overall thickness of the panel, which is a flat extrusion perpendicular to the image.
*   **Pixel Shape:** I would like to be able to choose between diamonds, octagons, or circles for the shape of the individual pixels.
*   **Orientation:** I want to be able to choose whether the pixels are linked together with support "strands" running horizontally or vertically.
*   **Grid Size:** I need to control the size of the grid lines in the design, which are support structures between the pixels. It should be a proportion of the pixel's width.
*   **Pixel Size:** I need a way to control the overall pixel size, as a proportion of its designated width. This size is then scaled by brightness.
*   **Pixel Elongation:** I would like to be able to elongate each pixel along the strands, kind of like stretching a bead.

The basic idea is to take an input image, and represent each pixel as a shape whose size depends on its grey value, with the supports strung together in rows or columns. It should be customizable to make medallions, coasters, lens caps, or anything else where you want a photo turned into a panel of different size elements. I assume I will need a way to convert the image to an array, so some helper tool for that would be great. I am not looking for an image conversion tool built in - just something external that can convert images to the proper format so I can paste that directly into the code.

I think that's it. Let me know if there's anything else you need from me, and please ensure it uses the built in OpenSCAD libraries as much as possible. I do not need external libraries.

[Assistant]
pixel-beads-fixed.scad:
```
// Customizable Pixel Beads Photo Panel
// preview[view:south, tilt:top];

/* [Image] */

// Picture is reduced to 20x20. You may wish to crop and resize it manually before uploading. Check "Invert Colors".
picture = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.541, 0.525, 0.22, 0.106, 0.125, 0.275, 0.302, 0.306, 0.42, 0.298, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.329, 0.498, 0.525, 0.196, 0.227, 0.271, 0.306, 0.271, 0.243, 0.196, 0.078, 0.016, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.525, 0.588, 0.478, 0.302, 0.369, 0.447, 0.471, 0.42, 0.337, 0.282, 0.196, 0.039, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.004, 0.02, 0.49, 0.788, 0.631, 0.42, 0.514, 0.424, 0.349, 0.314, 0.325, 0.267, 0.184, 0.106, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.161, 0.737, 0.812, 0.6, 0.439, 0.271, 0.612, 0.557, 0.506, 0.396, 0.388, 0.239, 0.043, 0.02, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.004, 0.318, 0.769, 0.792, 0.514, 0.329, 0.765, 0.796, 0.8, 0.784, 0.588, 0.616, 0.753, 0.588, 0.106, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.047, 0.765, 0.761, 0.333, 0.553, 0.792, 0.859, 0.89, 0.694, 0.357, 0.753, 0.867, 0.678, 0.059, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.004, 0.624, 0.58, 0.624, 0.271, 0.384, 0.443, 0.569, 0.533, 0.49, 0.333, 0.384, 0.604, 0.494, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0, 0.482, 0.776, 0.545, 0.522, 0.431, 0.42, 0.522, 0.592, 0.451, 0.306, 0.231, 0.251, 0.118, 0.035, 0.004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.012, 0.031, 0.463, 0.506, 0.553, 0.58, 0.596, 0.624, 0.639, 0.957, 0.733, 0.757, 0.31, 0.145, 0.482, 0.004, 0.004, 0, 0, 0.004, 0, 0.004, 0.459, 0.612, 0.576, 0.627, 0.612, 0.678, 0.635, 0.729, 0.71, 0.333, 0.455, 0.176, 0.047, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0, 0.004, 0.004, 0.584, 0.592, 0.584, 0.627, 0.859, 0.808, 0.757, 0.733, 0.529, 0.455, 0.137, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.004, 0.447, 0.643, 0.667, 0.733, 0.624, 0.51, 0.557, 0.537, 0.459, 0.306, 0.008, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.004, 0.004, 0.039, 0.639, 0.663, 0.733, 0.655, 0.682, 0.812, 0.71, 0.361, 0.247, 0.004, 0.004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.004, 0.004, 0.012, 0.541, 0.761, 0.694, 0.659, 0.541, 0.514, 0.408, 0.337, 0.031, 0.008, 0.004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.004, 0.016, 0.51, 0.69, 0.71, 0.839, 0.78, 0.745, 0.651, 0.463, 0.008, 0.004, 0.004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.008, 0.004, 0.004, 0.31, 0.518, 0.588, 0.686, 0.863, 0.863, 0.886, 0.816, 0.247, 0.008, 0.004, 0.008, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.004, 0.004, 0.039, 0.031, 0.173, 0.525, 0.596, 0.671, 0.757, 0.788, 0.706, 0.392, 0.263, 0.651, 0.239, 0.008, 0.004, 0, 0, 0, 0.502, 0.62, 0.027, 0.031, 0.329, 0.361, 0.639, 0.631, 0.682, 0.659, 0.561, 0.533, 0.278, 0.749, 0.784, 0.745, 0.729, 0.42, 0.482, 0.553, 0.561, 0.639, 0.333, 0.204, 0.322, 0.404, 0.58, 0.569, 0.612, 0.608, 0.659, 0.498, 0.502, 0.812, 0.784, 0.608, 0.694, 0.698, 0.639, 0.569]; // [image_array:20x20]

panel_shape = 1; // [0:Square, 1:Circle]

// Border width relative to unit pixel size.
border_width = 1;

// Image thickness relative to unit pixel size.
thickness = 0.5;

/* [Pixels] */

// Circular and octangular pixels are slower to generate than diamonds.
pixel_shape = 4; // [4:Diamond, 8:Octagon, 16:Circle]

// Orientation of strands connecting pixels.
orientation = 1; // [0:Horizontal, 1:Vertical]

// The proportion of each pixel's width reserved for the support grid.
grid_size = 0.3;

// The proportion of each pixel's width used to represent variation between white and black pixel values. Pixel size and grid size do not necessarily have to add up to one; sums >1 allow overlap between neighboring strands, while values <1 ensure there is always a gap.
pixel_size = 0.7;

// Elongation is applied to pixel size along strands; it can yield more continuous shapes. Set to 0 to prevent overlap.
pixel_elongation = 1;

/* [Hidden] */

width = 20;
height = 20;
size = width * height;

function px(i) = i % width;
function py(i) = floor(i / width);
function pv(i) = (pixel_size * picture[i]) + grid_size;
function flipy(y) = height - 1 - y;

union() {

	intersection() {
		Image();
		Shape();
	}

	Border();
}

module Border() {
	difference() {
		Shape(border_width);
		translate([0, 0, -thickness/2]) scale([1, 1, 2]) Shape(0);
	}
}

// The image is clipped to this shape.
module Shape(padding=0) {
	if (panel_shape == 0) {
		translate([-padding, -padding, 0])
		cube([width-1+(padding*2), height-1+(padding*2), thickness]);
	}
	else {
		translate([(width-1)/2, (height-1)/2, 0])
		scale([width-1+(padding*2), height-1+(padding*2), 1])
		cylinder(r=0.5, h=thickness, $fn=30);
	}
}

// The image module combines the actual bitmap pixels with the support grid.
module Image() {
	union() {
		Bitmap();
		Grid(orientation);
	}
}

// The grid module defines a sequence of uniform size rectangular strips,
// intended as supports to ensure the bitmap pixels are located correctly.
// The boolean vertical parameter determines the strip orientation.
module Grid(vertical) {
	if (vertical == 1) {
		for (i = [0 : width - 1]) {
			translate([i - (grid_size/2), 0, 0])
			linear_extrude(height=thickness)
			square([grid_size, height-1]);
			//cube([grid_size, height-1, thickness]);
		}
	}
	else if (vertical == 0) {
		for (i = [0 : height - 1]) {
			translate([0, flipy(i) - (grid_size/2), 0])
			linear_extrude(height=thickness)
			square([width-1, grid_size]);
			//cube([width-1, grid_size, thickness]);
		}
	}
}

// The bitmap module iterates through every element in the picture array
// and uses the pixel module to draw a pixel object at each bitmap location.
// Pixel size is scaled in one dimension according to brightness.
// (Size may also be scaled in perpendicular direction along strands if elongation is nonzero.)
// (Bonus idea: instead of iterating through the picture array, let the user
// draw a path with a draw_polygon widget, then sample the bitmap at path point,
// and connect pixels with segments from drawn path instead of uniform grid.)
module Bitmap() {
	for (i = [0 : size-1]) {
		assign(x = px(i), y = flipy(py(i)), v = pv(i)) {
			Pixel(x, y,
					(orientation == 0 ? 1 + (pixel_elongation * v) : v),
					(orientation == 1  ? 1 + (pixel_elongation * v) : v));
		}
	}
}

// The pixel module places a "pixel" shape centered at coordinates x, y.
// The pixel is scaled to width and height given by w, h.
module Pixel(x, y, w, h) {
	translate([x, y, 0])
	scale([w, h, 1])
	linear_extrude(height=thickness)
	// pixel is created with unit diameter to facilitate easy scaling
	circle(r=0.5, center=true, $fn = pixel_shape);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a small treasure chest using OpenSCAD. I've got a basic idea in mind, and I'd like it to be parametric so I can easily adjust the size later.

Basically, it's going to be a box with a hinged lid. The box itself should be a hollowed-out cube, and the lid will be a half-cylinder shape that fits over the top. There will be hinges connecting the lid to the box – two hinges on the back of the box, and corresponding slots on the lid to receive the hinge cylinders. I'd like the lid to overlap the sides a bit.

Specifically, for the box:
*   It's essentially a cube with a smaller cube cut out to make it hollow.
*   There should be two small cube supports for the hinge on the back, one on either side.
*   Each support will have a cylinder that forms the actual hinge pin.

And for the lid:
*   It should be a half-cylinder that rests on top of the box. I want it to overhang on the sides, but not the front and back, of the box.
*   It should have corresponding cylinder slots for the hinge pins.
*   It needs to have some additional cube support for the hinge on the lid side.

I don't need super fine details, it's mainly for storing small things like extra keys and earbuds.  I'm thinking it will be made up of two files, box.scad and lid.scad.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files for this? I don't have any preference for libraries but I'd like to avoid any if possible.

[Assistant]
box_final.scad:
```
$fn=20;
width=100;
depth=100;
height=50;
width1=85;
depth1=85;
height1=45;
width2=12;
depth2=10;
height2=10;
height3=11;
rayon3=6;
height4=11;
rayon4=5;

//
//Cube that makes the main box
//
difference() {
cube([width,depth,height]);
translate([8,8,10])cube([width1,depth1,height1]);
}

//
//support for the hinges
//
translate([-10,30,40])cube([width2,depth2,height2]);
translate([-10,90,40])cube([width2,depth2,height2]);

//
//Union of the left support cube and the left hinge cylinder
//
Union(){
translate([-10,30,40])cube([width2,depth2,height2]);
translate([-5,30,45])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height3,r=rayon3);
}
//
//Union of the right support cube and the right hinge cylinder
//
Union(){
translate([-10,90,40])cube([width2,depth2,height2]);
translate([-5,90,45])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height3,r=rayon3);
}

//
//Other part of the hinge on the left, slot for the cylinder on the lid
//
difference(){
translate([-5,30,45])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height3,r=rayon3);
translate([-5,30,45])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height4,r=rayon4);
}
//
//Other part of the hinge on the right, slot for the cylinder on the lid
//
difference(){
translate([-5,90,45])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height3,r=rayon3);
translate([-5,90,45])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height4,r=rayon4);
}
```
lid_final.scad:
```
$fn=30;
width=100;
depth=100;
height=20;
width1=85;
depth1=85;
height1=25;
width2=100;
depth2=100;
height2=100;
height3=100;
rayon3=50;
width4=10;
depth4=10;
height4=20;
height5=10;
rayon5=4;

//
//Empty space under the half cylinder
//
difference(){
cube([width,depth,height]);
translate([8,8,0])cube([width1,depth1,height1]);
}

//
//Half cylinder that makes the back portion of the lid
//
intersection(){
translate([-50,20,20])translate([0,-20,0])cube([width2,depth2,height2]);
translate([50,100,20])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height3,r=rayon3);
}

//
//Half cylinder that makes the front portion of the lid
//
intersection(){
translate([50,20,20])translate([0,-20,0]) cube([width2,depth2,height2]);
translate([50,100,20])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height3,r=rayon3);
}

//
//Cylinder makes part of the hinges on the left and cube makes the support from the hinge to the lid
//
translate([-10,0,-10])cube([width4,depth4,height4]);
translate([-5,90,-5])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height5,r=rayon5);

//
//Cylinder makes part of the hinges on the right and cube makes the support from the hinge to the lid
//
translate([-10,70,-10])cube([width4,depth4,height4]);
translate([-5,20,-5])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(h=height5,r=rayon5);
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for some help designing a customizable card holder for tabletop games. I have a basic design in mind and some OpenSCAD code, but it's not fully parametric and I want something more flexible. I want to be able to easily adjust things like card width and stand height.

Basically, the card holder should have a base and then a few vertical supports to keep the card upright, with a slot in the base for the card to sit in. The most important part is that I can configure the width of the slot for different card thicknesses.

Here are the specific parameters I'm thinking about:

*   `card_thickness`: The thickness of the card that the holder will hold. This will determine the width of the slot.
*   `card_height`: The height of the card that will fit into the stand. This will determine how tall the vertical supports should be.
*   `base_width`: The width of the base of the card holder.
*    `base_depth`: The depth of the base of the card holder
*   `support_count`: The number of vertical supports.
*   `support_width`: The width of each support.
*   `support_depth`: The depth of each support.
*   `support_spacing`: The spacing between supports.
* `support_start_offset`: Where the first support begins relative to the edge of the base.
*   `base_height`: The height of the base of the card holder.
*   `support_height`: The height of the supports.

I would need the code to be parametric so that I can adjust all of these values in the customizer. I don't need fancy curves or any other special features, just a simple, functional card holder.

Could you write some OpenSCAD code to do this?

[Assistant]
Game_card_holder.scad:
```
// How wide should the slot be that is cut down the middle? e.g. (How thick is your card, in millimeters?)
slotWidth = 2; // the slot width in millimeters
slotOffset = (10 - slotWidth)/2;

difference() {
	// Draw the base and the three vertical bars
	union() {
		translate([0,0,0]) {
			cube([38.5, 10, 2]);
		}
		translate([10,0,2]) {
			cube([2,5,4]);
		}
		translate([18.25,5,2]) {
			cube([2,5,4]);
		}
		translate([26.5,0,2]) {
			cube([2,5,4]);
		}
	}
	// Cut out a slot down the middle for the card to fit into
	translate([0,slotOffset,2]) {
		cube([38.5,slotWidth,4]);
	}
}

```


[User]
Hey there, I'm looking to get a parametric mitre box designed for cutting OpenBeam, and I've got some specific features in mind. I need something that can accommodate different beam widths and depths, cutting angles, and even have some clamping options.

Essentially, I want a mitre box that can be adjusted based on the dimensions of the material I'm cutting, as well as the desired angle. The box needs a channel for the beam itself and slots for a hacksaw blade, with the blade guide slots being at the cutting angle specified. I'd also like the option to have screw holes for pegs that will help guide the beam into the channel (and these should have a recess for the screw heads). And finally, the ability to add optional clamping slots would be very useful.

Here are the parameters I think we'll need:

*   **Beam Width:** The width of the beam being cut.
*   **Beam Depth:** The depth of the beam being cut.
*   **Box Length:** The overall length of the mitre box.
*   **Cutting Angle:** The angle at which the beam will be cut.
*   **Wall Thickness:** The thickness of the box walls, including the base.
*   **Channel Slack:** A small amount of extra width in the channel to allow the beam to fit without binding.
*   **Extra Height:** Additional height of the walls above the beam for guiding the blade at the start of the cut.
*   **Clamp Width:** The width of the notches for clamps.
*   **Brim Width:** The width of the support that extends beyond the channel.
*   **Screw Diameter:** The diameter of the screws used for the guide pegs.
*   **Screw Cap Diameter:** The diameter of the screw heads.
*   **Screw Cap Height:** The height of the screw heads.
*   **Base Thickness:** The thickness of the base piece (used to elevate the screw heads).
*   **Clamping Holes (boolean):** A flag for enabling or disabling extrusion slots for additional clamping.
* **Blade Width (inches):** The thickness of the blade to guide the slot width correctly.
* **Blade Width Slack Factor:** A factor that determines how much wider the blade slot will be compared to the blade width.
* **Beam Screw Diameter:** The diameter of the screws for optional extrusion clamping.
*   **Screw Peg Slack:** A tiny amount of slack between the blade guide slot sides and the screw guide peg holes.

I'd prefer it if the design included a base, and allowed for generating either the base alone, or the box alone, or both as a single design. Could you create an OpenSCAD file or a few files that meet these requirements? I don't have any files to include - this should be a ground-up design. And please be sure to make use of any standard libraries that might be helpful - things like rounded cube primitives, that sort of thing. I guess that means things like BOSL or MCAD would be ideal.

[Assistant]
mitre-box.scad:
```
/**
 * (c) Spiros Papadimitriou, 2014
 *
 * This design is made available under a
 * Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license.
 * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
 * You can share and remix this work, provided that
 * you keep the attribution to the original author intact,
 * and that, f you alter, transform, or build upon
 * this work, you may distribute the resulting work
 * only under the same or similar license to this one.
 */

part = "all";  // [all:All, box:Mitre box, base:Base]

// Beam width
width = 15;
// Beam depth
depth = 15;

// Box length
length = 120;
// Blade guide angle (may also want to adjust length, so clamps don't get in way)
cutting_angle = 0;
// Box wall thickness (sides and bottom)
thickness = 4.5;

// Box channel slack (width only)
width_slack = 0.2;

// Height of box = beam depth + extra height (should be enough to guide blade in the beginning)
extra_height = 5;
// Width of clamp notches
clamp_width = 28;

// Brim width also determines length of blade slots
brim_width = 5;

// Diameter of screws for pegs; set to zero for no holes
screw_diameter = 3.1;
screw_cap_diameter = 6;
// Make sure it does not exceed thickness, or blade will hit caps
screw_cap_height = 3.2;

// Thickness of glue-on base piece, to elevate protruding cap screw heads
base_thickness = 5.7;

// Additional clamping option, using extrusion slots
holes = 1;  // [1:Yes, 0:No]

/* [Advanced] */

blade_width_inches = 0.025;
// Blade slot width is (1+slack_factor) * blade_width; 0.9 should work well for standard 0.025" hacksaw blades
blade_width_slack_factor = 0.9;

// Screw size for slot clamping holes
beam_screw_diameter = 3.2;

// Zero will make peg holes *exactly* tangent to blade slot sides; do not adjust, unless you have issues printing/slicing
screw_peg_slack = 0.03;

/* [Hidden] */

w = width;
d = depth;

slack = width_slack;  // For OB channel, width only

blade_w_in = blade_width_inches;
blade_w_slack_factor = blade_width_slack_factor;  // 0.6 was way too tight
blade_w = 25.4*(1+blade_w_slack_factor)*blade_w_in;
clamp_w = clamp_width;
clamp_d = 2;  // top notch
extra_h = extra_height;

notch_d = 1;
brim_w = brim_width;

thk = thickness;

angle = cutting_angle;

l = length; //100 + w*tan(angle);

peg_r = screw_diameter/2;  // M3 -- 45mm partially threaded works
peg_cap_r = screw_cap_diameter/2;
peg_cap_h = screw_cap_height;
peg_slack = screw_peg_slack;

layer_h = 0.3;  // For hole support

ob_screw_r = beam_screw_diameter/2;

total_h = d + thk + extra_h;

/*************************************************
 * From lib/util.scad (copy-paste for Customizer)
 *************************************************/

module roundedCube4(dim, r, center=false) {
  width = dim[0];
  height = dim[1];
  depth = dim[2];
  centerx = (center[0] == undef ? center : center[0]);
  centery = (center[1] == undef ? center : center[1]);
  centerz = (center[2] == undef ? center : center[2]);
  translate([centerx ? -width/2 : 0, centery ? -height/2 : 0, centerz ? -depth/2 : 0]) union() {
    translate([0, r, 0]) cube([width, height-2*r, depth]);
    translate([r, 0, 0]) cube([width-2*r, height, depth]);
    for (xy = [[r, r],
               [r, height-r],
               [width-r, r],
               [width-r, height-r]]) {
      translate([xy[0], xy[1], 0]) cylinder(r = r, h = depth);
    }
  }
}

// TODO FIXME: dim[2] is not obeyed and top is filleted when dim[2] is >r but <2*r, because corner sphere diameter exceeds height  (should be a half-sphere, in principle)
module roundedCube6(dim, r, center=false) {
  width = dim[0];
  height = dim[1];
  depth = dim[2];
  centerx = (center[0] == undef ? center : center[0]);
  centery = (center[1] == undef ? center : center[1]);
  centerz = (center[2] == undef ? center : center[2]);
  translate([r - (centerx ? width/2 : 0), r - (centery ? height/2 : 0), r - (centerz ? depth/2 : 0)]) hull() {
    // Edges
    translate([0, 0, 0]) rotate([-90, 0, 0]) cylinder(h = height-2*r,r = r);
    translate([width-2*r, 0, 0]) rotate([-90, 0, 0]) cylinder(h = height-2*r,r = r);
    translate([0, 0, 0]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(h = width-2*r, r = r);
    translate([0, height-2*r, 0]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(h = width-2*r, r = r);
    translate([0, 0, 0]) cylinder(h = depth-r, r = r);
    translate([width-2*r, 0, 0]) cylinder(h = depth-r, r = r);
    translate([0, height-2*r, 0]) cylinder(h = depth-r, r = r);
    translate([width-2*r, height-2*r, 0]) cylinder(h = depth-r, r = r);

    // Corners
    translate([0,0,0]) sphere(r);
    translate([width-2*r, 0, 0]) sphere(r);
    translate([0, height-2*r, 0]) sphere(r);
    translate([width-2*r, height-2*r, 0]) sphere(r);
  }
}

module fillet(h, r) {
  difference() {
     cube([h, r, r]);
     translate([-0.1, r, r]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(h = h+.2, r = r);
  }
}

/*************************************************
 * (end Customizer copy-paste)
 *************************************************/

module peg_hole_placement() {
  yofs = (w+thk+brim_w)/2;  // Unrotated
  xofs = (blade_w/2+peg_r-peg_slack);  // Unrotated
  for (sy = [-1,+1], sx = [-1,+1])
    translate([sx*xofs/cos(angle)-sy*yofs*tan(angle), sy*yofs, 0]) {
      child(0);
    }
}

module mitre_box() {
  difference() {
    union() {
      // Main volume
      translate([-l/2, -w/2-thk-slack, -thk]) cube([l, w + 2*thk + 2*slack, total_h]);
      // Brim and extended blade guide
      if (brim_w > 0) {
        translate([-l/2, -w/2-thk-brim_w, -thk]) cube([l, w + 2*thk + 2*brim_w, thk]);
        for (s=[-1,+1]) translate([-l/2, s*(w/2+thk+slack), 0]) mirror([0, (1-s)/2, 0]) fillet(l, r=1.5, $fn=18);
        for (s=[-1,+1]) translate([-w/2 - s*tan(angle)*(w+thk+brim_w)/2, -(1-s)*(thk+brim_w-slack)/2 + s*(w/2+slack), -thk]) {
          roundedCube6([w, thk+brim_w-slack, total_h], r=1.5, $fn=18);
          for (sf = [-1,+1]) translate([w/2 + sf*(w/2-0.01), brim_w-slack+0.01, 0]) rotate([0, -90, 90 + (1+sf)*45]) fillet(h=total_h, r=1.5, $fn=18);
        }
      }
    }
    // Beam channel cutout
    translate([-l/2-5, -w/2-slack, 0]) roundedCube6([l+10, w+2*slack, d+extra_h+1], r=0.75, $fn=9);

    // Peg holes
    if (peg_r > 0) {
      translate([0, 0, -thk-1]) peg_hole_placement() union() {
        cylinder(r = peg_r, h = total_h + 2, $fn=24);
        cylinder(r = peg_cap_r, h = peg_cap_h + 1, $fn = 24);
      }
    }

    // Blade slot
    translate([-0*l/10, 0, 0]) rotate([0, 0, angle]) translate([-blade_w/2 , -(w+brim_w+thk)/cos(angle), -notch_d]) cube([blade_w, 2*(w+brim_w+thk)/cos(angle), d+extra_h+notch_d+1]);

    // Clamp indentations
    for (s = [-1,+1]) translate([s*(l/2-clamp_w/2-6)-clamp_w/2, -w-5, d-clamp_d]) roundedCube6([clamp_w, 2*w+10, clamp_d+extra_h+5], r=1, $fn=12);

    // Screw clamping holes
    if (holes) {
      for (s = [-1,+1]) translate([s*(l/2-clamp_w/2-6), w/2+slack+thk, d/2]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(r=ob_screw_r, h = w+2*slack+2*thk+2, $fn=18);
    }
  }
  // Hole support
  if (peg_r > 0) {
    translate([0, 0, -thk + peg_cap_h]) peg_hole_placement() cylinder(r = peg_cap_r+.1, h=layer_h);
  }

} // module mitre_box

base_thk = base_thickness;

module mitre_base() {
  difference() {
    translate([-l/2, -w/2-thk-brim_w, 0]) cube([l, w + 2*thk + 2*brim_w, base_thk]);
    for (s=[-1,+1]) translate([-w/2 - s*tan(angle)*(w+thk+brim_w)/2, -(1-s)*(2*thk+brim_w-slack)/2 + s*(w/2+slack), -1]) roundedCube4([w, 2*thk+brim_w-slack, base_thk+2], r=1.5, $fn=18);
    for (s=[-1,+1]) translate([-(l-6*thk-w)/4 + s*(l-6*thk-w)/4 + 3*s*thk, -w/2, -1]) roundedCube4([(l-6*thk-w)/2, w, base_thk+2], r=1.5, $fn=12);
  }
}

if (part == "box" || part == "all") {
  mitre_box();
}
if (part == "base" || part == "all") {
  translate([0, 0, -thk-base_thk]) mitre_base();
}
if (part == "all") {
  translate([-l/2-10, -w/2, 0]) %cube([l+20, w, d]);
}
```


[User]
I need to create a parametric filament spool bushing for my 3D printer, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD to generate it. I'm looking for something that can adapt a standard filament spool to rotate on a rod. I'm thinking it'll be a cylindrical bushing with a lip on one side.

Here are the basic requirements:

*   **Spool Hole Diameter:** I need to be able to specify the diameter of the hole that fits around the spool (e.g., 32mm).
*   **Rod Hole Diameter:** I also need to define the diameter of the hole that the support rod will go through (e.g., 8mm).
*   **Retainer Height:** The height of the inner cylinder portion that goes into the spool hole. This should be adjustable.
*   **Lip Height:** The thickness or height of the outer lip. I want to be able to adjust this too.
*   **Resolution:** I'd like to be able to control the resolution of the cylinder using `$fn` for smooth curves.
*   **Number of Bushings:** The design should be able to render either a single bushing or a pair of bushings, to be used on either side of the spool.

So, basically, I need a parametric design for this bushing that I can modify with the parameters above. Can you create an OpenSCAD file or files that includes this functionality?

[Assistant]
SpoolBushing.scad:
```
// Parametric filament spool bushing
// http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:288144
// Design by Kyle Randall "3D-ME"
//1-20-15; fixed bug on Customizer app to let users select the number of bushings made, thanks esquehill for catching that!

// Adjust the following parameters:
spool_hole=32;//set this to equal your spool's hole size
rod_hole=8;//set this to the size of the rod that you are using as an axis for the spool
retainer_height=13;//you can add a number here//height of the inner cylinder
resolution=50;//resolution of the model
lip_height=3;//thickness of the outer lip
bushings=1; //[1,2]
//number of bushings to render (one or two)
// If you wish for any more customizable parameters, ask on the coments here: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:288144/#comments
////////Don't edit the following unless you know what you're doing/////////
module bushing(){//this is our bushing
	difference(){
		union(){
			difference(){
				cylinder(r1=spool_hole/2-0.5,r2=spool_hole/2-1,h=retainer_height,$fn=resolution);
				cylinder(r=spool_hole/2-spool_hole/18-0.5,h=retainer_height,$fn=resolution);}
			cylinder(r=spool_hole/2+spool_hole/5-0.5,h=lip_height,$fn=resolution);
		}
		cylinder(r=rod_hole/2+0.5,h=lip_height+2,$fn=resolution);
	}
}
module two(){//this is a bushing placed to the right of the other one
	translate([spool_hole*1.5,0,0]){
		bushing();
	}
}
bushing();//calling the first bushing
if (bushings==2) two();//and the second if true

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a 3D fractal based on a 2D line, kind of like a generalization of a Koch curve but in 3D. I've been playing around with some code and have a pretty good idea of what I'm after.

Here's the basic idea:

1.  **Base Shape:** I want to define a 2D line segment, or a series of connected segments using OpenSCAD's polygon notation. These points need positive x values, and the last point needs to have a y=0. Something like `[[2,0.75],[2,-0.75],[5,-0.75],[5,0],[9,0]]` with the corresponding polygon index `[[0,1,2,3,4]]` to define the line.
2.  **Fractal Generation:** The fractal will be generated by starting with a square face, and then each face will be recursively subdivided. The 2D line will be used to define the shape of each sub-division. It's going to be hard to describe precisely but its kind of like each new face gets scaled and positioned relative to the parent and aligned according to the 2d line shape, in a way that uses vector math based on the edges of the original face. Each segment of the line dictates how to make a new face in the fractal.
3. **Recursion:** I need a parameter that controls the level of recursion. Higher levels mean more detail but could be computationally expensive.
4.  **Appendage:** I'd like to have a parameter that adds a sort of "base" or extrusion to the fractal on the first level. It should add a uniform depth, creating a kind of flat bottom to the fractal.
5.  **Predefined Shapes:** It would be useful to have some predefined shapes I can select from instead of defining my own, something like a square, trapezoid and a tower profile.
6. **Build Plate:** I will also need to be able to define build plate parameters, with some presets, and the option for manual specification of dimensions.
7. **Output:** Finally, I'd like a file that lets me choose one of those predefined shapes, or use my own custom shape as the base, and then the correct modules are called to generate the object.

I'm thinking the file structure might look like this:

*   `strange_line_fractal_3D.scad` (main file)
*   `utils/build_plate.scad` (for the build plate)

Could you generate the necessary parametric OpenSCAD code to do all of this?

[Assistant]
strange_line_fractal_3D.scad:
```
include <utils/build_plate.scad>
// preview[view:south west, tilt:top diagonal]

// Pick a predefined Shape or "custom" and define a new one
selected_shape = 0; //[0:Square,1:Trapezoid,2:Tower,3:Custom]
// Level of recursion, careful with high recursions, this may be slow
recursion=3; //[1,2,3,4]
// Line in OpenSCAD polygon notation that will be used as base for the fractal. Points should have positive x values and the last point needs to have y=0.
custom_shape = [[[2,0.75],[2,-0.75],[5,-0.75],[5,0],[9,0]],[[0,1,2,3,4]]];
shapes=[[[[0.8,1],[0.8,0],[3.6,0]],[[0,1,2]]],
	[[[1,1.2],[2,0],[4.4,0]],[[0,1,2]]],
	[[[5,5.5],[5,3],[2,3],[2,2],[25,0]],[[0,1,2,3,4]]]];
base_size=100; //[20:300]
// How much is added to the base of the fractal
appendage = 10; //[1:50]
build_plate_selector = 0; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]
build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

module fractal(base_size,shape,recursion) {
	abslen=shape[0][len(shape[0])-1][0]/2;
	translate([0,0,appendage])
	rotate([0,0,45])
	recursive([shape[0]/abslen,shape[1]],recursion,[-base_size/sqrt(2),0,0],[0,-base_size/sqrt(2),0],[base_size/sqrt(2),0,0],[0,base_size/sqrt(2),0]);
};

module recursive(shape,rec,pp1,pp2,pp3,pp4) {
	mp=(pp1+pp2+pp3+pp4)/4;
	l13=(pp3-pp1)/2;
	l24=(pp2-pp4)/2;
	ll13=sqrt(l13[0]*l13[0]+l13[1]*l13[1]+l13[2]*l13[2]);
	ll24=sqrt(l24[0]*l24[0]+l24[1]*l24[1]+l24[2]*l24[2]);
	l1=-(mp-pp1)/2;
	l2=-(mp-pp2)/2;
	l3=-(mp-pp3)/2;
	l4=-(mp-pp4)/2;
	normal=cross(l24/ll24,l13/ll13)*(ll13+ll24)/(2*sqrt(2));
	if(rec==0) {
		polyhedron(points=[pp1,pp2,pp3,pp4],triangles=[[0,2,1],[0,3,2]]);
	} else {
		for(i = [1:len(shape[1][0])-1]) {
			forLine(i);
		}
	}
	module forLine(i) {
		lp1=shape[0][shape[1][0][i-1]];
		lp2=shape[0][shape[1][0][i]];
		p1=mp+[lp1[0]*l1[0]+lp1[1]*normal[0],lp1[0]*l1[1]+lp1[1]*normal[1],lp1[0]*l1[2]+lp1[1]*normal[2]];
		p2=mp+[lp1[0]*l2[0]+lp1[1]*normal[0],lp1[0]*l2[1]+lp1[1]*normal[1],lp1[0]*l2[2]+lp1[1]*normal[2]];
		p3=mp+[lp1[0]*l3[0]+lp1[1]*normal[0],lp1[0]*l3[1]+lp1[1]*normal[1],lp1[0]*l3[2]+lp1[1]*normal[2]];
		p4=mp+[lp1[0]*l4[0]+lp1[1]*normal[0],lp1[0]*l4[1]+lp1[1]*normal[1],lp1[0]*l4[2]+lp1[1]*normal[2]];
		p5=mp+[lp2[0]*l1[0]+lp2[1]*normal[0],lp2[0]*l1[1]+lp2[1]*normal[1],lp2[0]*l1[2]+lp2[1]*normal[2]];
		p6=mp+[lp2[0]*l2[0]+lp2[1]*normal[0],lp2[0]*l2[1]+lp2[1]*normal[1],lp2[0]*l2[2]+lp2[1]*normal[2]];
		p7=mp+[lp2[0]*l3[0]+lp2[1]*normal[0],lp2[0]*l3[1]+lp2[1]*normal[1],lp2[0]*l3[2]+lp2[1]*normal[2]];
		p8=mp+[lp2[0]*l4[0]+lp2[1]*normal[0],lp2[0]*l4[1]+lp2[1]*normal[1],lp2[0]*l4[2]+lp2[1]*normal[2]];
		recursive(shape,rec-1,p5,p6,p2,p1);
		recursive(shape,rec-1,p6,p7,p3,p2);
		recursive(shape,rec-1,p7,p8,p4,p3);
		recursive(shape,rec-1,p4,p8,p5,p1);
		if(i==1&&lp1[0]>0) {
			recursive(shape,rec-1,p1,p2,p3,p4);
		}
		if(rec==recursion&&i==len(shape[1][0])-1) {
			addAppendage();
		}
		module addAppendage() {
			polyhedron(points=[p5,p6,p7,p8,
				[p5[0],p5[1],-appendage],[p6[0],p6[1],-appendage],
				[p7[0],p7[1],-appendage],[p8[0],p8[1],-appendage]],
				triangles=[[0,1,4],[1,5,4],[1,2,5],[2,6,5],[2,7,6],[2,3,7],[0,7,3],[0,4,7],[4,5,6],[4,6,7]]);
		}
	}
}

if(selected_shape>2) {
	fractal(base_size,custom_shape,recursion);
} else {
	fractal(base_size,shapes[selected_shape],recursion);
}

function cross(a,b)=[a[1]*b[2]-a[2]*b[1],a[2]*b[0]-a[0]*b[2],a[0]*b[1]-a[1]*b[0]];
```


[User]
Hey, I'm working on a project to 3D print electronic circuits, and I've got some basic shapes in mind for resistors, inductors, and capacitors. I'd like to expand this into a more comprehensive library of parametric components that I can use in my designs. Basically, I want to be able to create a variety of circuit elements that I can then embed in 3D printed objects.

I've been playing around with OpenSCAD and I'd like to get help designing these components. I need them to be parametric so I can easily adjust their size and electrical properties.

Here are the basic components I'm thinking about, along with the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

**1. Resistor:**
   -   Overall Length
   -   Outer diameter
   -   End cap thickness
   -   Number of turns of the resistive element.
   -   Resistive element diameter
   -   Material (this may just be for documentation, the AI can use this in comments).
   -   It would be nice if I could vary how tightly wound the resistive element is, maybe another parameter for pitch?

**2. Inductor:**
   -   Overall Length
   -   Outer diameter
   -   End cap thickness
    - Number of turns.
   -   Wire diameter.
   -   Material.
   -   Again, an option to vary the pitch would be great.

**3. Capacitor:**
    -   Overall Length
    -   Outer Diameter
    -   End cap thickness
    -   Number of plates.
    -   Plate spacing.
    -   Plate thickness.
    -   Material.
   - The capacitor should have alternating, stacked plate designs.

**4. Wire:**
    -   Length
    -   Diameter
    -   Material

**5. Node:**
    -   Diameter
    -   Material

**6. LED:**
    -  Pin Spacing
    -  Pin Diameter
    -  Pin Length
    -  LED Body Diameter.
    -  LED Body Height

**7. DIP IC Socket:**
    -   Number of Pins.
    -   Pin Spacing.
    -   Pin Diameter.
    -   Pin Length.
    -   Overall Package Dimensions (Length and width.)
    -  Row spacing.

I'd like each component to be defined in its own module, so that they can be easily called from other designs. I think it would be helpful to use a consistent material parameter throughout, so that I can keep track of what I'm planning on using. I'd prefer if you created this without any external libraries, so that I can easily adjust it to my exact needs. Can you help me generate the OpenSCAD files for these components?

[Assistant]
ElectricCircuitElements.scad:
```
// MakerBot Thingiverse Customizer template
// with build chamber limiter,
// Replicator model selection,
// and cross section option.
//
// by Les Hall
//
// started 3-19-2014
// All dimensions are in millimeters
// unless otherwise specified.
// This template works in Customizer.
//
// used as starting point for
// Electric Circuit Elements
// started 4-1-2014
//

/* [General] */

// MakerBot Replicator Model
buildVolume = 4; // [0:Replicator 2X, 1:Replicator 2, 2:Replicator Z18, 3:Replicator Mini, 4:Replicator]

// Make whole thing or half thing
crossSection = 0; // [0:whole thing, 1: positive x half, 2:negative x half, 3:positive y half, 4:negative y half, 5:positive z half, 6:negative z half]

// part
part = 7;  // [0:node, 1:wire, 2:resistor, 3:inductor, 4:capacitor, 5:LED T1-3/4, 6:8 pin DIP IC, 7:LED resonator]

// Thickness (mm)
wallThickness = 6; // [1:256]

// smoothness Exponent
detail = 5; // [2:10]

/* [Details] */

// number of turns
n = 16; // [1:1000]
// outer diameter (microns)
outerDiameter = 10000; // [1000:50000]

// element length (microns)
elementLength = 10000;  // [500:50000]

// end cap thickness (microns)
endCapThickness = 500;  // [0:1000]

// wire diameter (microns)
wireDiameter = 1000;  // [500:10000]

// socket pin diameter (mils)
socketPinDiameter = 20; // [5:100]

// convert from microns (um) to millimeters (mm)
outerDiametermm = outerDiameter / 1000;
elementLengthmm = elementLength / 1000;
endCapThicknessmm = endCapThickness / 1000;
wireDiametermm = (wireDiameter / 1000) * 25.4;

// calculate lengths of inductor
totalLengthmm = 2 * endCapThicknessmm + elementLengthmm;

// socket pin variables
socketPinDiametermm = (socketPinDiameter / 1000) * 25.4;
socketLengthmm = 10*socketPinDiametermm;
pinSpacingmm = 0.1 * 25.4;  // thru-hole spacing

// size of build volume in millimeters
buildSize = [
	[246, 152, 155],
	[285, 153, 155],
	[305, 305, 457],
	[100, 100, 125],
	[252, 199, 150],
];

// select the build volume by model
MakerBotSize = buildSize[buildVolume];

// determine offset and size of cross section eraser
xs = 2*MakerBotSize[0];
ys = 2*MakerBotSize[1];
zs = 2*MakerBotSize[2];
crossSectionOffsets = [
	[ 0,   0,   0],
	[-xs,  0,   0],
	[ xs,  0,   0],
	[ 0,  -ys,  0],
	[ 0,   ys,  0],
	[ 0,   0, -zs],
	[ 0,   0,  zs]
];
crossSectionOffset = crossSectionOffsets[crossSection];
crossSectionSize = 4*MakerBotSize;

// set level of detail for round shapes
$fn = pow(2, detail);

// make it!
difference()
{
	// use intersection to ensure evertything fits in build chamber
	intersection()
	{
		if (part == 0)  // node
		{
			sphere(r = wireDiammeter);
		}
		else if (part == 1)  // wire
		{
			cylinder(r = wireDiameter/2,
				h = totalLength,
				center = true);
		}
		else if (part == 2)  // resistor
		{
			resistor();
		}
		else if (part == 3)  // inductor
		{
			inductor();
		}
		else if (part == 4)  // capacitor
		{
			capacitor();
		}
		else if (part == 5)  // LED T1-3/4
		{
			led();
		}
		else if (part == 6)  // 8 pin DIP IC
		{
			dip8();
		}
		else if (part == 7)  // example circuit
		{
			// inductively coupled LED
			inductivelyCoupledLED();
		}
	}
	// cross-section option
	if (crossSection > 0)
		translate(crossSectionOffset)
			cube(crossSectionSize, center = true);
}

// draw a resistor
module resistor()
{
	union()
	{
		// bottom end cap
		translate([0, 0, -totalLengthmm/2 + endCapThicknessmm/2])
		cylinder(r = outerDiametermm/2, h = endCapThicknessmm,
			center = true);

		// winding below
		translate([0, 0, -elementLengthmm/4])
		linear_extrude(height = elementLengthmm/2,
			center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 360 * (n/2) )
		translate([outerDiametermm*(1/2-1/8), 0, 0])
		circle(r = outerDiametermm/8, center = true);

		// winding above
		translate([0, 0, elementLengthmm/4])
		linear_extrude(height = elementLengthmm/2,
			center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -360 * (n/2) )
		translate([outerDiametermm*(1/2-1/8), 0, 0])
		circle(r = outerDiametermm/8, center = true);

		// top end cap
		translate([0, 0, totalLengthmm/2 - endCapThicknessmm/2])
		cylinder(r = outerDiametermm/2, h = endCapThicknessmm,
			center = true);
	}
}

// draw an inductor
module inductor()
{
	union()
	{
		// bottom end cap
		translate([0, 0, -totalLengthmm/2 + endCapThicknessmm/2])
		cylinder(r = outerDiametermm/2, h = endCapThicknessmm,
			center = true);

		// winding
		linear_extrude(height = elementLengthmm,
			center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 360 * n)
		translate([outerDiametermm*(1/2-1/8), 0, 0])
		circle(r = outerDiametermm/8, center = true);

		// top end cap
		translate([0, 0, totalLengthmm/2 - endCapThicknessmm/2])
		cylinder(r = outerDiametermm/2, h = endCapThicknessmm,
			center = true);
	}
}

// draw a capacitor
module capacitor()
{
	union()
	{
		// bottom end cap
		translate([0, 0, -totalLengthmm/2 + endCapThicknessmm/2])
		cylinder(r = outerDiametermm/2, h = endCapThicknessmm,
			center = true);

		// plates
		for (i = [0:(n-1)])
		{
			difference()
			{
				// outer cylinder
				translate([0, 0, 0.1 * pow(-1, i) * elementLengthmm])
				cylinder(r = ( (i + 1) / n ) * outerDiametermm/2,
					h = elementLengthmm,
					center = true);

				// hollow of cylinder
				translate([0, 0, 0.1 * pow(-1, i) * elementLengthmm])
				cylinder(r = ( (i + 0.5)  / n ) * outerDiametermm/2,
					h = 1.1 * elementLengthmm,
					center = true);
			}
		}

		// top end cap
		translate([0, 0, totalLengthmm/2 - endCapThicknessmm/2])
		cylinder(r = outerDiametermm/2, h = endCapThicknessmm,
			center = true);
	}
}

// draw an LED
module led()
{
	union()
	{
		// pin 1
		translate([-pinSpacingmm/2, 0, 0])
		socketPin();

		// pin 2
		translate([pinSpacingmm/2, 0, 0])
		socketPin();
	}
}

// draw an 8-pin DIP socket
module dip8()
{
	union()
	{
		for(col = [0:1], row = [0:3])
			translate([3 * (2*col-1) * pinSpacingmm/2,
				(row - 1.5) * pinSpacingmm, 0])
			socketPin();
	}
}

// draw a socket pin
module socketPin()
{
	difference()
	{
		// positive material
		union()
		{
			// cylinder body
			translate([0, 0, socketLengthmm/2 + endCapThicknessmm/2])
			cylinder(r = socketPinDiametermm,
				h = socketLengthmm,
				center = true);

			// bottom end cap
			cylinder(r = 2*socketPinDiametermm,
				h = endCapThicknessmm,
				center = true);
		}

		// negative material
		// cylinder hollow
			translate([0, 0, socketLengthmm/2 + endCapThicknessmm/2])
		translate([0, 0, 0.1 * socketLengthmm])
		cylinder(r2 = 1.25 * socketPinDiametermm/2,
			r1 = 0.75 * socketPinDiametermm/2,
			h = socketLengthmm,
			center = true);
	}
}

// inductively coupled LED
module inductivelyCoupledLED()
{
	union()
	{
		RLCresonator();
	}
}

// make a resonant structure
module RLCresonator()
{
	union()
	{
		// top end cap
		translate([0, 0, totalLengthmm/2 - endCapThicknessmm/2])
		cylinder(r = outerDiametermm/2, h = endCapThicknessmm,
			center = true);

		// winding 1
		translate([0, 0, elementLengthmm*0.05])
		linear_extrude(height = elementLengthmm,
			center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 360 * n)
		translate([outerDiametermm*(1/2-0.2), 0, 0])
		circle(r = outerDiametermm*0.2, center = true);

		// winding 2
		translate([0, 0, -elementLengthmm*0.05])
		linear_extrude(height = elementLengthmm,
			center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 360 * n)
		translate([outerDiametermm*(1/2- 0.2), 0, 0])
		circle(r = outerDiametermm*0.2, center = true);

		// bottom end cap
		translate([0, 0, -totalLengthmm/2 + endCapThicknessmm/2])
		cylinder(r = outerDiametermm/2, h = endCapThicknessmm,
			center = true);

		// led

		// wires
	}
}

```


[User]
Hi! I'm looking to get a custom laser sensor holder designed for my filawinder, and I'd like it to be fully parametric so I can tweak it to my specific setup. I've got a description and an example OpenSCAD file that I've been using as inspiration, I'll paste them below.

**Description:**

The sensor holder consists of a base plate with two side walls. The base plate has holes for mounting and the side walls have cutouts for the laser and the laser sensor. I need all dimensions to be customizable through variables.

**Key features:**

*   **Base:**  The base is rectangular with adjustable width, length, and thickness. It has mounting holes that should be configurable in count and diameter.
*   **Walls:** Two side walls are attached to the base. Their height, thickness, and corner rounding should be configurable. One wall has a circular hole for the laser, with a variable diameter and offset. The other wall has a cutout for the sensor, which is trapezoidal in shape. The width, height, and offset of this cutout should all be configurable.
*   **Rounded corners:** The walls should have rounded corners.

**Parameters:**

I'd like to have the following parameters, and I'm also providing the default values that I think would be best:

*   `base_width = 65;` (Width of the base in mm)
*   `base_length = 60;` (Length of the base in mm)
*   `base_thickness = 4.4;` (Thickness of the base plate in mm)
*   `wall_height = 70;` (Height of the side walls in mm)
*   `wall_thickness = 7;` (Thickness of the side walls in mm)
*   `sensor_width_1 = 27;` (The width of the sensor cutout, bottom.)
*    `sensor_width_2 = 8;` (The width of the sensor cutout, top.)
*   `sensor_height_1 = 20;` (The height of the sensor cutout, bottom.)
*    `sensor_height_2 = 30;` (The height of the sensor cutout, top.)
*   `sensor_offset = 12;` (The distance of the sensor cutout from the base.)
*   `laser_diameter = 12;` (The diameter of the laser hole.)
*   `laser_offset = 47;` (The distance between the laser hole and the base.)
*   `hole_diameter = 4;` (Diameter of the holes in the base plate)
*   `hole_count = 5;` (How many holes in the base plate?)
*   `rounding = 3;` (Corner rounding radius for the walls.)

**Example Code (for reference only):**
```openscad
// Filawinder laser sensor holder
//
// © 2015 Holger 'h0lger' Reichert
// http://h0lger.de
// mail@h0lger.de
//
// License: CC BY-SA 4.0

/* [Basic parameters] */

// Width of the base in mm. The size between the walls.
base_width = 65;

// Length of the base in mm.
base_length = 60;
// Thickness of the base plate in mm.
base_thickness = 4.4;

// Height of the side walls in mm.
wall_height = 70;
// Thickness of the side walls in mm.
wall_thickness = 7;

/* [Advanced parameters] */

// The width of the sensor cutout, bottom.
sensor_width_1 = 27;
// The width of the sensor cutout, top.
sensor_width_2 = 8;
// The height of the sensor cutout, bottom.
sensor_height_1 = 20;
// The height of the sensor cutout, top.
sensor_height_2 = 30;
// The distance of the sensor cutout from the base.
sensor_offset = 12;

// The diamater of the laser hole.
laser_diameter = 12;
// The distance between the laser hole and the base.
laser_offset = 47;

// Diameter of the holes in the base plate.
hole_diameter = 4; // [1:7]
// How much holes in the base plate?
hole_count = 5; // [0:10]

// Corner rounding radius for the walls.
rounding = 3; // [0:6]

/* [Hidden] */

$fn=40;

module roundedBox(size, radius, sidesonly) {
	rot = [ [0,0,0], [90,0,90], [90,90,0] ];
	if (sidesonly) {
		cube(size - [2*radius,0,0], true);
		cube(size - [0,2*radius,0], true);
		for (x = [radius-size[0]/2, -radius+size[0]/2],
		  y = [radius-size[1]/2, -radius+size[1]/2]) {
			translate([x,y,0]) cylinder(r=radius, h=size[2], center=true);
		}
	}
	else {
		cube([size[0], size[1]-radius*2, size[2]-radius*2], center=true);
		cube([size[0]-radius*2, size[1], size[2]-radius*2], center=true);
		cube([size[0]-radius*2, size[1]-radius*2, size[2]], center=true);
		for (axis = [0:2]) {
			for (x = [radius-size[axis]/2, -radius+size[axis]/2],
			  y = [radius-size[(axis+1)%3]/2, -radius+size[(axis+1)%3]/2]) {
				rotate(rot[axis])
				translate([x,y,0])
				cylinder(h=size[(axis+2)%3]-2*radius, r=radius, center=true);
			}
		}
		for (x = [radius-size[0]/2, -radius+size[0]/2],
		  y = [radius-size[1]/2, -radius+size[1]/2],
		  z = [radius-size[2]/2, -radius+size[2]/2]) {
			translate([x,y,z]) sphere(radius);
		}
	}
}

module roundedCube(dim,r,sidesOnly) {
	translate([dim[0]/2,dim[1]/2,dim[2]/2]) roundedBox(dim,r,sidesOnly);
}

// base
difference() {
	roundedCube([base_width, base_length, base_thickness], rounding, true);
	baseholes();
}

// wall with laser
difference() {
	translate([0, 0, 0]) roundedCube([wall_thickness, base_length, wall_height + base_thickness], rounding, false);
	color([1,1,0,0.1]) translate([-1, base_length/2, laser_offset+base_thickness]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(r=laser_diameter/2, h=wall_thickness+200, $fn=20);
	translate([-1, base_length/2, base_thickness+10]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=wall_thickness+2, $fn=20);
}

// wall with sensor
difference() {
	translate([base_width-wall_thickness, 0, 0]) roundedCube([wall_thickness, base_length, wall_height+base_thickness], rounding, false);
	translate([base_width+1, (base_length/2)-(sensor_width_1/2), base_thickness+sensor_offset]) rotate([0, 0, 90]) sensorholder();
	translate([base_width-wall_thickness-1, base_length/2, base_thickness+sensor_offset+sensor_height_1+sensor_height_2+4]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=wall_thickness+2, $fn=20);
}

// cut-out for the sensor
module sensorholder() {
	cube([sensor_width_1, wall_thickness+2, sensor_height_1]);
	translate([(sensor_width_1-sensor_width_2)/2, 0, sensor_height_1-1]) cube([sensor_width_2, wall_thickness+2, sensor_height_2+1]);
}

// cut-out for the base holes
module baseholes() {
	x=(base_width-(wall_thickness*2))/hole_count-1;
	for(i = [0 : hole_count-1]) {
	      translate([wall_thickness+(hole_diameter/2)+(x*i)+(x/2), 8, -1]) cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=base_thickness+2, $fn=20);
	      translate([wall_thickness+(hole_diameter/2)+(x*i)+(x/2), base_length-8, -1]) cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=base_thickness+2, $fn=20);
	}
}
```

I don't need any specific libraries, everything is pretty simple. Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for me? Thanks!

[Assistant]
filawinder_laser-sensor-holder.scad:
```
// Filawinder laser sensor holder
//
// © 2015 Holger 'h0lger' Reichert
// http://h0lger.de
// mail@h0lger.de
//
// License: CC BY-SA 4.0

/* [Basic parameters] */

// Width of the base in mm. The size between the walls.
base_width = 65;

// Length of the base in mm.
base_length = 60;
// Thickness of the base plate in mm.
base_thickness = 4.4;

// Height of the side walls in mm.
wall_height = 70;
// Thickness of the side walls in mm.
wall_thickness = 7;

/* [Advanced parameters] */

// The width of the sensor cutout, bottom.
sensor_width_1 = 27;
// The width of the sensor cutout, top.
sensor_width_2 = 8;
// The height of the sensor cutout, bottom.
sensor_height_1 = 20;
// The height of the sensor cutout, top.
sensor_height_2 = 30;
// The distance of the sensor cutout from the base.
sensor_offset = 12;

// The diamater of the laser hole.
laser_diameter = 12;
// The distance between the laser hole and the base.
laser_offset = 47;

// Diameter of the holes in the base plate.
hole_diameter = 4; // [1:7]
// How much holes in the base plate?
hole_count = 5; // [0:10]

// Corner rounding radius for the walls.
rounding = 3; // [0:6]

/* [Hidden] */

$fn=40;

module roundedBox(size, radius, sidesonly) {
	rot = [ [0,0,0], [90,0,90], [90,90,0] ];
	if (sidesonly) {
		cube(size - [2*radius,0,0], true);
		cube(size - [0,2*radius,0], true);
		for (x = [radius-size[0]/2, -radius+size[0]/2],
		  y = [radius-size[1]/2, -radius+size[1]/2]) {
			translate([x,y,0]) cylinder(r=radius, h=size[2], center=true);
		}
	}
	else {
		cube([size[0], size[1]-radius*2, size[2]-radius*2], center=true);
		cube([size[0]-radius*2, size[1], size[2]-radius*2], center=true);
		cube([size[0]-radius*2, size[1]-radius*2, size[2]], center=true);
		for (axis = [0:2]) {
			for (x = [radius-size[axis]/2, -radius+size[axis]/2],
			  y = [radius-size[(axis+1)%3]/2, -radius+size[(axis+1)%3]/2]) {
				rotate(rot[axis])
				translate([x,y,0])
				cylinder(h=size[(axis+2)%3]-2*radius, r=radius, center=true);
			}
		}
		for (x = [radius-size[0]/2, -radius+size[0]/2],
		  y = [radius-size[1]/2, -radius+size[1]/2],
		  z = [radius-size[2]/2, -radius+size[2]/2]) {
			translate([x,y,z]) sphere(radius);
		}
	}
}

module roundedCube(dim,r,sidesOnly) {
	translate([dim[0]/2,dim[1]/2,dim[2]/2]) roundedBox(dim,r,sidesOnly);
}

// base
difference() {
	roundedCube([base_width, base_length, base_thickness], rounding, true);
	baseholes();
}

// wall with laser
difference() {
	translate([0, 0, 0]) roundedCube([wall_thickness, base_length, wall_height + base_thickness], rounding, false);
	color([1,1,0,0.1]) translate([-1, base_length/2, laser_offset+base_thickness]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(r=laser_diameter/2, h=wall_thickness+200, $fn=20);
	translate([-1, base_length/2, base_thickness+10]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=wall_thickness+2, $fn=20);
}

// wall with sensor
difference() {
	translate([base_width-wall_thickness, 0, 0]) roundedCube([wall_thickness, base_length, wall_height+base_thickness], rounding, false);
	translate([base_width+1, (base_length/2)-(sensor_width_1/2), base_thickness+sensor_offset]) rotate([0, 0, 90]) sensorholder();
	translate([base_width-wall_thickness-1, base_length/2, base_thickness+sensor_offset+sensor_height_1+sensor_height_2+4]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=wall_thickness+2, $fn=20);
}

// cut-out for the sensor
module sensorholder() {
	cube([sensor_width_1, wall_thickness+2, sensor_height_1]);
	translate([(sensor_width_1-sensor_width_2)/2, 0, sensor_height_1-1]) cube([sensor_width_2, wall_thickness+2, sensor_height_2+1]);
}

// cut-out for the base holes
module baseholes() {
	x=(base_width-(wall_thickness*2))/hole_count-1;
	for(i = [0 : hole_count-1]) {
	      translate([wall_thickness+(hole_diameter/2)+(x*i)+(x/2), 8, -1]) cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=base_thickness+2, $fn=20);
	      translate([wall_thickness+(hole_diameter/2)+(x*i)+(x/2), base_length-8, -1]) cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=base_thickness+2, $fn=20);
	}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric box using OpenSCAD. I want it to be a simple rectangular box with the option to include holes on the front, lateral (side), and bottom faces.

Here's what I envision:

*   **Box Dimensions:** I need to be able to control the width, depth, and height of the outer box. Let's call these `CubeWidth`, `CubeDepth`, and `CubeHeight`.
*   **Border:** The box will have a border thickness, `BorderWidth`, that defines the distance between the outer box and the inner void.
*   **Hole Control:** I want to choose which faces have holes via boolean flags: `HolesFront`, `HolesLateral`, and `HolesBottom`, where 1 is YES and 0 is NO.
*   **Hole Dimensions:** The holes themselves should have dimensions `HoleWidth` and `HoleHeight`. The holes will be extruded through the box so the depth is not relevant.
*   **Hole Grid:** The number of holes on each face should also be parametric, `HorizontalHoleNumber` and `VerticalHoleNumber`.
*   **Even Spacing:** The holes should be evenly spaced across the face, taking into account the `BorderWidth`. This spacing should be calculated automatically. Let's call the spaces between horizontal holes `WidthSpace`, the spaces between vertical holes `HeightSpace`, and the spaces between the depth wise holes `DepthSpace`.

The final output should be a hollow box with the option for holes in the faces I specified. The inner portion of the box needs to cut through the entire height of the box, but should be at least a bit taller than the box height (e.g. `CubeHeight*1.5`).

I expect a single .scad file for this project. I don't expect to need any external libraries for this.

[Assistant]
parametric_things_box_uk_3.scad:
```
// Main solid dimensions
CubeWidth=80;
CubeDepth=400;
CubeHeight=80;
BorderWidth=2;

// Choose on which faces you want the holes. 1 for YES and 0 for NO
HolesFront=1;
HolesLateral=1;
HolesBottom=1;

// Holes in the main solid
HoleWidth=10;
HoleHeight=10;
HorizontalHoleNumber=4;
VerticalHoleNumber=4;

// Calculates space among holes
WidthSpace=((CubeWidth - BorderWidth * 2) - (HoleWidth * HorizontalHoleNumber)) /(HorizontalHoleNumber + 1) ;
DepthSpace=((CubeDepth - BorderWidth * 2) - (HoleWidth * HorizontalHoleNumber)) /(HorizontalHoleNumber + 1) ;
HeightSpace=((CubeHeight - BorderWidth * 2) - (HoleHeight * VerticalHoleNumber)) / (VerticalHoleNumber + 1);

echo("");
echo("");
echo (DepthSpace);
echo("");
echo("");

// Draw the solid
difference () {

	// Draw main solid
	cube ([CubeWidth, CubeDepth, CubeHeight]);
	// Empty main solid with a smaller inner solid
	translate ([BorderWidth, BorderWidth, BorderWidth])
	cube ([CubeWidth-2*BorderWidth, CubeDepth-2*BorderWidth, CubeHeight*1.5]);

	// Front and back holes
	if (HolesFront==1){
		for (z = [0 : VerticalHoleNumber - 1])
		{
		for (x = [0 : HorizontalHoleNumber -1 ])
		{
		translate ([BorderWidth + WidthSpace + (HoleWidth + WidthSpace) * x , -10, BorderWidth +  HeightSpace + (HoleHeight + HeightSpace) * z])
		cube ([HoleWidth, CubeDepth * 1.4, HoleHeight]);
		}
		}
	}

	// Lateral holes
	if (HolesLateral==1) {
		rotate ([0,0,90])
		translate ([0, -CubeWidth * 1.2, 0])
		for (z = [0 : VerticalHoleNumber - 1])
		{
		for (x = [0 : HorizontalHoleNumber -1 ])
		{
		translate ([BorderWidth + DepthSpace + (HoleWidth + DepthSpace) * x, -10, BorderWidth +  HeightSpace + (HoleHeight + HeightSpace) * z])
		cube ([HoleWidth, CubeWidth * 1.4, HoleHeight]);
		}
		}
	}

	// Bottom holes
	if (HolesBottom==1){
		rotate ([-90,0,0])
		translate ([0, -CubeWidth * 1.2, 0])
		for (z = [0 : HorizontalHoleNumber - 1])
		{
		for (x = [0 : HorizontalHoleNumber -1 ])
		{
		translate ([BorderWidth + WidthSpace + (HoleWidth + WidthSpace) * x , -10, BorderWidth +  DepthSpace + (HoleHeight + DepthSpace) * z])
		cube ([HoleWidth, CubeWidth * 1.4, HoleHeight]);
		}
		}
	}

}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable text ring, and I think I have a pretty good idea of what I want. I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD design that allows me to specify the text that will be engraved on the ring, as well as various dimensions of the ring itself and its base.

Specifically, the design should include:

*   **Text Customization:**
    *   The ability to specify the text to be engraved.
    *   The ability to select a font from a list of options. I'd like to include at least "write/orbitron.dxf", "write/Letters.dxf", and "write/BlackRose.dxf" as options, or at least be able to easily extend the list of available fonts.
    *   Controls for text size (height) and text depth.

*   **Ring Parameters:**
    *   The ring size should be defined by its inner circumference (perimeter) in millimeters.
    *   The ring should have a defined thickness (wall thickness) and width (radial height of the ring cross-section).
    *   I would like to have an optional "children's cut" (a triangular section removed from the bottom of the ring) to make it more flexible. This should be togglable with a "yes/no" option.
    *   The ability to control the resolution of the curves, which can impact the number of facets used in the generated model. Options for draft, medium, fine, and very fine, could be mapped to integer values which impact the `$fn` parameter of the `circle` and `rotate_extrude` calls.

*   **Base and Border:**
    *   There should be an optional base upon which the engraved text sits. This should be togglable with a "yes/no" option.
    *   The base should have a defined thickness, length, and width.
    *   A border can be added to the base with a given thickness and depth. I'd like the border depth to default to the same value as the text depth, but be independently controllable.

I'd like the design to use the `Write.scad` library from Thingiverse. I'd like this to be a single parametric OpenSCAD file.

[Assistant]
CustomizableTextRing1.scad:
```
// ************* Credits part *************

// Programmed by Fryns - April 2014

// Optimized for Customizer based on "Any Ring" by Fryns, published on Thingiverse 05-Jan-2014 (thing:219432)

// Inspired from "Any Cufflink" by Fryns, published on Thingiverse 30-Dec-2013 (thing:215384)

// Uses Write.scad by HarlanDMii, published on Thingiverse 18-Jan-2012 (thing:16193)

// ************* Declaration part *************

/* [Text] */
text="Fryns";
font = "write/orbitron.dxf";//["write/Letters.dxf":Basic,"write/orbitron.dxf":Orbitron,"write/BlackRose.dxf":BlackRose]
font_size=7;
text_depth=2;

/* [Ring] */
// ring size in mm (inner perimeter (circumference))
ring_size = 54; // ringsize in mm (inner perimeter (circumference))
ring_thickness = 3;
ring_width = 4;

use_childrens_cut = "Yes"; //["Yes":Yes,"No":No]
// use 20 for draft 100 for nice
resolution=100; //[20:Draft,50:Medium,100:Fine, 200:very fine]
/* [Base and border] */
base_thickness=2;
// Lenght must be larger than or equal width
base_length=30;
base_width=16;
border_thickness=1;
// recommend equal to text depth
border_depth=2;
// If you choose "No" you will get just the ring
use_base = "Yes"; //["Yes":Yes,"No":No]

/* [Hidden] */
pi = 3.14;

// ************* Executable part *************
use <write/Write.scad>

assembly();

// ************* Module part *************

module assembly() {
	if (use_base == "Yes"){
		rotate([ 0, 0, 90 ])
			top();
	}
	difference(){
		ring();
		if (use_childrens_cut == "Yes"){
			childrenscut();
		}
	}
}

module top(){
	translate([0,0,(ring_size/pi+ring_thickness)/2+base_thickness+text_depth/2])
		write(text,t=text_depth,h=font_size,center=true,font=font);
difference(){
	translate([(base_width-base_length)/2,0,(ring_size/pi+ring_thickness)/2+(border_depth+base_thickness)/2])
		linear_extrude(height = border_depth+base_thickness, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
			hull() {
   			translate([base_length-base_width,0,0]) circle(base_width/2,$fn=resolution);
   				circle(base_width/2,$fn=resolution);
 			}
	translate([(base_width-base_length)/2,0,(ring_size/pi+ring_thickness)/2+border_depth/2+base_thickness+0.05])
		linear_extrude(height = border_depth+0.1, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
			hull() {
   			translate([base_length-base_width,0,0]) circle(base_width/2-border_thickness,$fn=resolution);
   				circle(base_width/2-border_thickness,$fn=resolution);
 			}
	}
}

module ring(){
	translate([ -(ring_width-ring_thickness)/2, 0, 0])
		rotate([ 0, 90, 0])
			rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = resolution)
				translate([(ring_size/pi+ring_thickness)/2, 0, 0])
					hull() {
   					translate([0,ring_width-ring_thickness,0]) circle(ring_thickness/2,$fn=resolution);
   					circle(ring_thickness/2,$fn=resolution);
					}
}

module childrenscut() {
	rotate([ -90, 0, -90])
		linear_extrude(height = ring_width, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
			polygon(points=[[-(ring_size/pi)/2,0],[(ring_size/pi)/2,0],[0,(ring_size/pi+ring_thickness)/3*2]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric rod end bearing in OpenSCAD. I want it to be relatively simple and mostly driven by the rod diameter, with the other dimensions scaling based on that.

Here’s what I’m thinking:

*   **Rod Diameter:** This will be the primary parameter, let's call it `rod_diameter`. Everything else will be derived from this.
*   **Ball Socket:** I need a spherical socket for the ball. The diameter of this sphere will be a multiple of the `rod_diameter`, let's use `socket_diameter_multiplier` for this. The socket will be housed in a cylinder; the cylinder's radius will also be a multiplier of `rod_diameter` called `housing_radius_multiplier`. The height of this cylinder should also be proportional to the `rod_diameter`, using `housing_height_multiplier`. There should also be a small gap, `gap`, between the ball and the socket.
*   **Ball:** The ball itself needs to fit within that socket. The diameter of the ball itself should be proportional to the `rod_diameter`, using `ball_diameter_multiplier` which should be slightly less than `socket_diameter_multiplier` after subtracting the `gap`. It should have a hole through the center with the diameter equal to the `rod_diameter`.
*   **Shaft:** The shaft needs to connect to the ball. It will be a rectangular prism (a box) with a cylinder protruding from its side that matches the hole in the ball. The shaft's length should be a multiple of `rod_diameter` (`shaft_length_multiplier`). The width and height of the box will be multipliers of `rod_diameter` using `shaft_width_multiplier` and `shaft_height_multiplier`.

I'd like it to be fairly configurable but I'd like to be able to use parameters like the multipliers I mentioned to tweak the overall proportions, but I still want it to be mainly driven by the `rod_diameter`. Let's default `socket_diameter_multiplier` to 1.75, `housing_radius_multiplier` to 2, `housing_height_multiplier` to 1.75, `ball_diameter_multiplier` to 1.7, `gap` to 0.3, `shaft_length_multiplier` to 4, `shaft_width_multiplier` to 2 and `shaft_height_multiplier` to 1.75. Also, I’d like a `$fn` of 48 for smooth curves.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
Rod_end_bearing.scad:
```
// Remix by foofoodog of thing 269297 to make it more proportion based and less parameter based.
/* [Basic] */
// hole diameter
rod = 3.5;
// between ball and socket
gap = .3;
/* [Advanced] */
width_mul = 2;
height_mul = 1.75;
length_mul = 4;
$fn = 48;
// radius of holes
function hole() = rod / 2;
// derived width
function width() = rod * width_mul;
// derived height
function height() = rod * height_mul;
// shaft length
function length() = rod * length_mul;
// shaft placement
function offset() = (length() / 2) + (width() - hole());
// routines
render() main();
module main() {
	socket();
	ball();
	shaft();
}
module socket() { // 1. create housing, 2. remove ball
	orb = height() + gap;
	difference() {
		housing(); // 1.
		sphere(orb); // 2.
	}
}
module ball() { // 1. create ball, 2. drill ball, 3. trim ball
	intersection() {
		difference() {
			sphere(height()); // 1.
			cylinder(r = hole(), h = height(), center = true); // 2.
		}
		housing(); // 3.
	}
}
module shaft() { // 1. position shaft, 2. create shaft, 3. drill shaft, 4. trim shaft
	loc = [offset(), 0, 0];
	box = [length(), height(), height()];
	rot = [0, 90, 0];
	pin = length() + rod;
	difference() {
		translate(loc) { // 1.
			difference() {
				cube(box, center = true); // 2.
				rotate(rot) cylinder(r = hole(), h = pin, center = true); // 3.
			}
		}
		housing(); // 4.
	}
}
module housing() {
	cylinder(r = width(), h = height(), center = true);
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD design for a ruffled bracelet, kind of like the one I saw on Thingiverse but I want to be able to customize it a lot more.

The basic idea is a cylindrical bracelet with a series of cutouts around its circumference to make it flexible. I need to control the inner diameter of the bracelet to fit different wrist sizes, as well as the overall height and the width of the ruffles. I’d like the option to have either a cylindrical or spherical outer surface.

The cutouts themselves are the key part. They’ll be repeated around the bracelet, so I need to specify how many and also how much to tilt them, so they’re not all strictly vertical. I also need to control the width of a rectangular 'passage' between the inner and outer parts of the cutouts, and the shapes of the inner and outer cutout holes, as well as the radii of these cutouts. I should also be able to inset the center of outer cutout towards the center of bracelet.

So, here are the specific parameters I want to be able to control:

**Bracelet Dimensions:**

*   `inner_diameter`: The inner diameter of the bracelet (for wrist size).
*   `ruffle_width`: The width of the ruffle (determines the outer diameter).
*   `height`: The height or thickness of the bracelet.
*   `surface_type`: A selector for 'Vertical' or 'Curved' outer surface (0 or 1, respectively).

**Ruffle Configuration:**

*   `cutout_count`: The number of cutouts around the bracelet.
*   `cutout_tilt`: The tilt angle of the cutouts from vertical.
*   `passage_width`: The width of a rectangular passage between the inner and outer cutouts; 0 disables the passage.
*   `inner_cutout_shape`: The shape of the inner cutout hole. I'll need options like triangle, diamond, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, and circle.
*    `inner_cutout_radius`: The radius of inner cutout hole.
*   `outer_cutout_shape`: The shape of the outer cutout hole. I’ll need the same options as the inner, but also a “None” option to disable the outer cutout.
*   `outer_cutout_radius`: The radius of outer cutout hole.
*   `outer_cutout_inset`: The distance to inset center of outer cutout towards center of bracelet.

I want the final output to be a solid model ready for 3D printing without infill or top/bottom layers. I'm not looking for a multi-piece design - just a single bracelet.

I think that's everything. Let me know if you need any clarification.

[Assistant]
rufflebracelet.scad:
```
// Customizable Ruffled Bracelet
// preview[tilt:top];

/* [Bracelet] */

// Inner diameter of bracelet. Measure to fit your wrist.
inner_diameter = 53;

// A wider ruffle affords more flexibility. Outer diameter = inner diameter + (2 * ruffle width)
ruffle_width = 8;

// Height of the bracelet
height = 10;

// With a curved outer surface, the bracelet is an equatorial slice of a sphere. With vertical outer surfaces, it is a slice of a cylinder.
surface_type = 1; // [0:Vertical, 1:Curved]

/* [Ruffle] */

// The ruffled band is comprised of this many instances of the cutout shape.
cutout_count = 32;

// Skew cutouts from vertical (0 tilt). Values between -30 and 30 are recommended.
cutout_tilt = 0;

// Width of rectangular passage between inner and outer cutouts. Set to 0 to disable.
passage_width = 1.25;

// Shape of inner cutout. Triangle/pentagon points face outward.
inner_cutout_shape = 5; // [3:Triangle, 4:Diamond, 5:Pentagon, 6:Hexagon, 8:Octagon, 32:Circle]

// Radius of inner cutout hole.
inner_cutout_radius = 2.25;

// Shape of outer cutout. Select None to disable. Triangle/pentagon points face inward.
outer_cutout_shape = 32; // [0:None, 3:Triangle, 4:Diamond, 5:Pentagon, 6:Hexagon, 8:Octagon, 32:Circle]

// Radius of outer cutout hole.
outer_cutout_radius = 1.5;

// Inset center of outer cutout towards center of bracelet.
outer_cutout_inset = 1.25;

/* [Hidden] */

inner_radius = inner_diameter / 2;
outer_radius = inner_radius + ruffle_width;
$fn=180;

carve_surface()  bracelet();

// Bracelet is formed by subtracted multiple instances
// of the cutout shape from a cylindrical stock.
module bracelet() {
	difference() {
		cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=height, center=true);
		for (i = [0:cutout_count-1]) {
			rotate([cutout_tilt, 0, 360 / cutout_count * i]) cutout();
		}
	}
}

// Trim child objects to spherical extent.
// Do nothing if no surface effects enabled.
module carve_surface() {
	if (surface_type == 1) {
		intersection() {
			child();
			sphere(r=outer_radius, center=true);
		}
	}
	else {
		child();
	}
}

//
module cutout() {
	union() {
		// Inner cutout
		translate([inner_radius + inner_cutout_radius, 0, 0])
		linear_extrude(height=height*2, center=true)
		circle(r=inner_cutout_radius, $fn=inner_cutout_shape);

		// Passage
		if (passage_width > 0) {
			translate([inner_radius + inner_cutout_radius + (outer_radius - inner_radius)/2, 0, 0])
			linear_extrude(height=height*2, center=true)
			square([outer_radius - inner_radius, passage_width], center=true);
		}

		// Outer cutout
		if (outer_cutout_shape > 0) {
		 	translate([outer_radius - outer_cutout_inset, 0, 0])
			rotate([0, 0, 180])
			linear_extrude(height=height*2, center=true)
			circle(r=outer_cutout_radius, $fn=outer_cutout_shape);
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric ball and socket joint in OpenSCAD, but I want it to be flexible and allow for a few different modifications.

The basic structure will be a spherical "ball" that fits into a cylindrical "housing", with a shaft extending from the ball. The housing should be able to constrain the movement of the ball, not just have a hole for a shaft to exit.

Here's what I'm imagining for the parameters:

*   `base`: This will define the overall diameter of the housing and sphere, and I'd like everything to scale relative to this.
*   `rod`: The diameter of the hole through the ball for the shaft to pass through.
*   `shaft`: The diameter of the shaft itself.
*   `gap`: The space between the ball and the housing.
*   `len`: The length of the shaft extending from the ball.

Specifically, I want the housing to be a cylinder with a diameter a bit larger than the base (maybe 1.25 times the radius?). I want the ball to be an intersection of a sphere (radius slightly smaller than base, reduced by the gap) and a cylinder of radius of the `base`. The shaft will be a rectangular prism with a hole through it for the shaft.

I'd like the final design to be rendered with a `render()` call at the top level, and use modules `knuckle()`, `housing()`, `ball()`, and `shaft()`. Within the `knuckle()` module, I'd like a cylinder hole to be subtracted from the ball with the `rod` radius. Within the `shaft()` module, I'd like the hole for the shaft to be along the x-axis with radius `shaft`. I also would like the x position of the shaft to be displaced by `len/2+base`.

Can you please generate the SCAD code for this? It should include comments to explain each step.

[Assistant]
chain.scad:
```
//thing 290371 remix redux, more parametric less pedantic
/* [Options] */
//housing diameter
base=12;
//hole diameter in ball
rod=8.5;
//hole diameter in shaft
shaft=8.5;
//space between housing and ball
gap=.4;
//shaft length
len=24;
//smoothing
$fn=96;
render(){
	knuckle();
	difference(){
		housing();
		sphere(r=base);
	}
	difference(){
		shaft();
		housing();
	}
}
module knuckle(){
	difference(){
		ball();
		cylinder(r=rod/2,h=base,center=true);
	}
}
module housing(){
	cylinder(h=base,r=base*1.25,center=true);
}
module ball(){
	intersection(){
		sphere(r=base-gap);
		cylinder(r=base,h=base,center=true);
	}
}
module shaft(){
	translate([len/2+base,0,0]){
		difference(){
			cube([len,base,base],center=true);
			rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=shaft/2,h=len*2,center=true);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a replacement rotor for a pull-string helicopter toy. I've got a broken one I can use for measurements, but I'd like to generate the design in OpenSCAD so I can tweak it later if needed.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

The rotor will have a central ring that forms the outer edge, kind of like a donut. This ring needs to have a specified outer diameter and thickness. Then, there will be multiple blades that extend inwards from this ring. These blades will be angled and have a defined thickness. At the very center, there will be a hub with a circular cross-section. Finally, there needs to be a slot through the hub, which is basically a rectangular hole, for the pull string.

I need to be able to control the following parameters:

*   **`outer_ring_thickness`**: Thickness of the outer ring's wall (the 'donut').
*   **`outer_ring_od`**: The outer diameter of the ring.
*   **`blade_thickness`**: Thickness of the blades.
*  **`blade_angle`**: The angle of the blades relative to the rotor plane.
*   **`hub_od`**: Outer diameter of the central hub.
*   **`slot_width`**: Width of the pull string slot.
*   **`slot_length`**: Length of the pull string slot.
*  **`thickness`**: Total height of the rotor.
*  **`rotational_offset`**: The starting angle of the first blade.
*  **`n_blades`**: The number of blades.

The blade shape doesn't have to be fancy - just a rectangular shape extending inwards. Also, the slot should be a simple rectangular prism that cuts completely through the hub. I'd also need the hub to be a simple cylinder.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file for me that achieves this? I don't need to use any external libraries.

[Assistant]
spinner.scad:
```
// Thickness of outer ring wall.
outer_ring_thickness = 2.5;
outer_ring_od = 158;
blade_thickness = 1.7;
blade_angle = -20;
hub_od = 19.5;
slot_width = 11.25;
slot_length = 6;

// Overall height of the whole propeller.
thickness = 5.5;

// Rotational offset of first blade (to match originals).
rotational_offset = 90;

// Number of blades.
n_blades = 3;

/* [Hidden] */
slop = 0.1;

module ring() {
  difference() {
    cylinder(h = thickness + slop, r = outer_ring_od/2, center = true, $fa = 5, $fs = 0.5);
    cylinder(h = thickness + 2*slop, r = outer_ring_od/2 - outer_ring_thickness, center = true, $fa = 5, $fs = 0.5);
  }
}

module blade() {
  difference() {
    difference() {
      rotate([blade_angle, 0, 0])
      translate([0, -25, -blade_thickness/2])
      cube([outer_ring_od/2 - outer_ring_thickness/2, 50, blade_thickness]);
    }
    translate([0, 0, thickness/2 + 10])
    cube([outer_ring_od, outer_ring_od, 20], center=true);
    translate([0, 0, -(thickness/2 + 10)])
    cube([outer_ring_od, outer_ring_od, 20], center=true);
  }
}

module blades() {
  for (i = [0 : n_blades - 1]) {
    rotate([0, 0, rotational_offset + i * 360/n_blades]) blade();
  }
}

module slot() {
  intersection() {
    cylinder(h = 2*thickness, r = slot_width/2, center = true);
    cube([slot_width + slop, slot_length, 2*thickness], center = true);
  }
}

module hub() {
  difference() {
    cylinder(h = thickness + slop, r = hub_od/2, center = true);
  }
}

difference() {
  union() {
    ring();
    blades();
    hub();
  }
  slot();
}
```