[User]
I'd like to create a customizable domino set using OpenSCAD. I've seen a few designs out there, but I want to be able to tweak some specific parameters and maybe add a few extra features if possible.

Here's what I'm thinking:

1.  **Domino Sets:** I need to be able to generate different domino sets. Specifically, I want to be able to choose between these sets:
    *   Set 0: 0|7, 1|7, 2|7, 3|7, 4|7, 5|7, 6|7, 7|7
    *   Set 1: 0|6, 1|6, 2|6, 3|6, 4|6, 5|6, 6|6, 0|0
    *   Set 2: 0|5, 1|5, 2|5, 3|5, 4|5, 5|5, 0|1, 1|1
    *   Set 3: 0|4, 1|4, 2|4, 3|4, 4|4, 2|2, 1|2, 0|2
    *   Set 4: 0|3, 1|3, 2|3, 3|3, 8|8, 8|9, 9|9, 9|m
    *   Set 5: 0|8, 1|8, 2|8, 3|8, 4|8, 5|8, 6|8, 7|8, 8|8
    *   Set 6: 0|9, 1|9, 2|9, 3|9, 4|9, 5|9, 6|9, 7|9, 8|9
    *   _Note: In set 4, the 'm' should be a custom symbol - the details of that are below_

    I want to be able to select which set to render using a parameter.

2.  **Dots:** The pips/dots on the dominoes should be spheres, and I need to be able to adjust:
    *   The diameter of the dots/spheres
    *   The spacing between the dots

3.  **Domino Dimensions:** I need to be able to adjust these parameters for the dominoes themselves:
    *   The thickness of the domino tiles.
    * The dimensions of each of the dominoes should be generated based on the dot space.

4.  **Rounded Edges:**  The dominoes should have rounded edges to make them more pleasant to handle, and the rounds should extend into all three dimensions. I will need a library module for this.

5.  **Custom Symbol:** Specifically for Set 4, I need a custom logo to be used instead of dots for 'm'. The logo should have a circle at each end, and a small vertical bar with two smaller bars coming off each side. The circle and bar widths, positions, and heights should all be adjustable as well as the overall logo height. This logo needs to be included as a function to be called as needed.

6.  **Layout:** The dominoes need to be laid out in a grid, and should only be added if they're actually required by the chosen set. All dominoes should be added with the same Z level based on the defined thickness.

7.  **Libraries:** For the rounded edges, I think I need to use something like the `boxes.scad` library that uses the method in the supplied code. I’m not sure about other libraries, but I think that’s the only one I’m using.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files, including the library, to accomplish this? I'd really like to be able to customize these using the Customizer.

[Assistant]
Dominoes.scad:
```
// select set number between 0 and 6
//	0=0|7,1|7,2|7,3|7,4|7,5|7,6|7,7|7
//	1=0|6,1|6,2|6,3|6,4|6,5|6,6|6,0|0
//	2=0|5,1|5,2|5,3|5,4|5,5|5,0|1,1|1
//	3=0|4,1|4,2|4,3|4,4|4,2|2,2|1,2|0
//	4=0|3,1|3,2|3,3|3,8|8,8|9,9|9,m|m
//	5=0|8,1|8,2|8,3|8,4|8,5|8,6|8,7|8
//	6=0|9,1|9,2|9,3|9,4|9,5|9,6|9,7|9

setDotSize=2.5;
setDotSpace=6;
setThickness=4;
plateNumber=4; // [0:6]

set(plateNumber,setDotSize,setDotSpace,setThickness);

module makerLogo() {
	translate([0,-4,-0.99])union() {
		cylinder(1,1,1,$fn=36);
		translate([4,0,0])cylinder(1,1,1,$fn=36);
		translate([-4,0,0])cylinder(1,1,1,$fn=36);
		difference() {
			union() {
				translate([3,7,0])cylinder(1,2,2,$fn=36);
				translate([-3,7,0])cylinder(1,2,2,$fn=36);
			}
			translate([-3,5,-0.1])cube([6,2,1.2]);
		}
		translate([-1,0,0])cube([2,8,1]);
		translate([-5,0,0])cube([2,7,1]);
		translate([3,0,0])cube([2,7,1]);
		translate([-3,7,0])cube([6,2,1]);
	}
}
module drawDot(x,y,dotSize,dotSpace) {
	translate([x*dotSpace,y*dotSpace,0]) sphere(dotSize,$fn=20);
}
module dots(numbDots,dotSize,dotSpace) {
	if ((numbDots>=1)&&(numbDots<=9)) {
		if ((numbDots==1)||(numbDots==3)||(numbDots==5)||(numbDots==7)||(numbDots==9)) {
			drawDot(0,0,dotSize,dotSpace);
		}
		if (numbDots>1) {
			drawDot(1,1,dotSize,dotSpace);
			drawDot(-1,-1,dotSize,dotSpace);
		}
		if (numbDots>=4) {
			drawDot(-1,1,dotSize,dotSpace);
			drawDot(1,-1,dotSize,dotSpace);
		}
		if (numbDots>=6) {
			drawDot(1,0,dotSize,dotSpace);
			drawDot(-1,0,dotSize,dotSpace);
		}
		if (numbDots>=8) {
			drawDot(0,1,dotSize,dotSpace);
			drawDot(0,-1,dotSize,dotSpace);
		}
	}
	if (numbDots==-1) {
		makerLogo();
	}
}
module domino(numDots1,numDots2,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness) {
	difference() {
		roundedBox([dotSpace*3.5,dotSpace*8,thickness],dotSize/2,true);
		translate([0,dotSpace*2,thickness/2]) dots(numDots1,dotSize,dotSpace);
		translate([0,0-dotSpace*2,thickness/2])dots(numDots2,dotSize,dotSpace);
		translate([0,0,thickness/2])cube([dotSpace*3,dotSize/2,dotSize/2],center=true);
	}
}

module set(setIndex,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness) {
	if (setIndex<4) {
		translate([dotSpace*-6,dotSpace*-4.25,thickness/2])for(i=[0:7-setIndex]) {
			translate([(i%4)*dotSpace*4,floor(i/4)*dotSpace*8.5,0])domino(i,7-setIndex,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness);
		}
	}
	if ((setIndex>0)&&(setIndex<5)) {
		translate([dotSpace*-6,dotSpace*-4.25,thickness/2])for(i=[0:setIndex-1]) {
			translate([((7-i)%4)*dotSpace*4,floor((7-i)/4)*dotSpace*8.5,0])domino(i,setIndex-1,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness);
		}
	}
	if (setIndex==4) {
		translate([dotSpace*-6,dotSpace*-4.25,thickness/2])for(i=[0:7]) {
			translate([0			,0,0]) domino(8,8,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness);
			translate([dotSpace*4	,0,0])	domino(8,9,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness);
			translate([dotSpace*8	,0,0])	domino(9,9,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness);
			translate([dotSpace*12	,0,0])	domino(-1,-1,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness);
		}
	}
	if (setIndex>=5) {
		translate([dotSpace*-6,dotSpace*-4.25,thickness/2])for(i=[0:7]) {
			translate([((7-i)%4)*dotSpace*4,floor((7-i)/4)*dotSpace*8.5,0])domino(i,setIndex+3,dotSize,dotSpace,thickness);
		}
	}
}

// Library: boxes.scad
// Version: 1.0
// Author: Marius Kintel
// Copyright: 2010
// License: 2-clause BSD License (http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause)

// roundedBox([width, height, depth], float radius, bool sidesonly);

// EXAMPLE USAGE:
// roundedBox([20, 30, 40], 5, true);

// size is a vector [w, h, d]
module roundedBox(size, radius, sidesonly)
{
  rot = [ [0,0,0], [90,0,90], [90,90,0] ];
  if (sidesonly) {
    cube(size - [2*radius,0,0], true);
    cube(size - [0,2*radius,0], true);
    for (x = [radius-size[0]/2, -radius+size[0]/2],
           y = [radius-size[1]/2, -radius+size[1]/2]) {
      translate([x,y,0]) cylinder(r=radius, h=size[2], center=true,$fn=20);
    }
  }
  else {
    cube([size[0], size[1]-radius*2, size[2]-radius*2], center=true);
    cube([size[0]-radius*2, size[1], size[2]-radius*2], center=true);
    cube([size[0]-radius*2, size[1]-radius*2, size[2]], center=true);

    for (axis = [0:2]) {
      for (x = [radius-size[axis]/2, -radius+size[axis]/2],
             y = [radius-size[(axis+1)%3]/2, -radius+size[(axis+1)%3]/2]) {
        rotate(rot[axis])
          translate([x,y,0])
          cylinder(h=size[(axis+2)%3]-2*radius, r=radius, center=true,$fn=20);
      }
    }
    for (x = [radius-size[0]/2, -radius+size[0]/2],
           y = [radius-size[1]/2, -radius+size[1]/2],
           z = [radius-size[2]/2, -radius+size[2]/2]) {
      translate([x,y,z]) sphere(radius,$fn=20);
    }
  }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric tabletop spool holder, something that's printable on a standard 3D printer. I've been looking at some existing designs and I think I'd like something similar but with a focus on using as little material as possible.

Here are the key components I want:

*   **Base:** I need two identical base pieces. They should be a rectangular prism with some cutouts to save on plastic. I'd like to parameterize the base's length, height, and then the material thickness and spacing between components which should apply to the entire model. I'd like to add a boolean parameter called `material_eco` that controls the presence of additional cutouts.

*   **Pillars:** I need two identical pillars. These need to have slots to hold the rod, as well as a coupler for holding the rod end. The height of the pillars should be a parameter, as well as the diameter of the rod to be held. Similar to the base I want cutouts and a `material_eco` parameter.

*   **Rod:** A simple rod to hold the spool. I need to specify the length and radius. It should also have a flat section that prevents the rod from rotating.

*   **Coupler:** This piece will attach to the end of the rod and connect with the pillars. It should fit securely into a slot on the pillars, and be able to be flipped 180 degrees to attach to either pillar. Again cutouts are needed as well as a `material_eco` parameter.

I want all parameters like material thickness and spacing between parts to be adjustable globally. Also all parts should be designed with an eye to minimizing the amount of material used. Finally, it would be great if you could handle printing of all parts in an efficient configuration.

I don't have any existing code, so you'd have to generate all the `.scad` files from scratch. I also haven't used any specific libraries before, so you don't have to worry about including or using them.

[Assistant]
ParametricTabletopSpoolHolder.scad:
```
/**
 * PARAMETRIC TABLETOP SPOOL HOLDER
 *
 * @author	Pacien TRAN-GIRARD
 * @version	1.1
 * @license	CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
 */

/***** PARAMETERS *****/

material_thickness = 1.5;
material_space = 0.35;
material_eco = true;

rod_length = 150;
rod_radius = 8;

pillar_height = 120;

base_height = 25;
base_length = 150;

/***** TO PRINT *****/

// preview_all();

print_all();

// print_base();
// print_coupler();
// print_rod();
// print_pillar();

/********** This is where it gets complicated **********/

/***** MODELS *****/

module print_all() {

	space=5;

		print_pillar();

		translate([0, 2*rod_radius+2*(material_thickness+material_space)+space, 0]) {

			print_pillar();

			translate([0, 2*rod_radius+2*(material_thickness+material_space)+space, 0]) {

				print_base();

				translate([0, 2*rod_radius+2*(material_thickness+material_space)+space, 0]) {

					print_base();

					translate([0, 2*rod_radius+2*(material_thickness+material_space)+space, 0]) {

						print_rod();

						translate([0, rod_radius*2+space, 0]) {

							print_coupler();

						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

}

module preview_all() {

	translate([	-(rod_radius+material_thickness+material_space),
					material_thickness+material_space,
					material_thickness+material_space]) {

		sized_pillar();

		translate([0, rod_length+2*(material_thickness+material_space), 0]) {
			mirror([0, 1, 0]) {
				sized_pillar();
			}
		}

		translate([	rod_radius+material_thickness+material_space,
						material_thickness+material_space,
						pillar_height]) {
			rotate([0, 0, 90]) {
				sized_rod();
			}
		}

	}

	sized_base();

	translate([0, rod_length+4*(material_thickness+material_space), 0]) {
		mirror([0, 1, 0]) {
			sized_base();
		}
	}

	translate([-rod_radius, 2*(material_thickness+material_space), 0]) {
		sized_coupler();
	}

}

/***** MODULE TRANSLATING *****/

module print_base() {
	translate([base_length/2, 0, 0]) {
		sized_base();
	}
}

module print_coupler() {
	translate([rod_length, 0, 4*(material_thickness+material_space)]) {
		rotate([0, 0, 90]) {
			mirror([0, 0, 1]) {
				sized_coupler();
			}
		}
	}
}

module print_rod() {
	translate([0, rod_radius, rod_radius]) {
		sized_rod();
	}
}

module print_pillar() {
	rotate([90, 0, 90]) {
		sized_pillar();
	}
}

/***** MODULE SIZING *****/

module sized_base() {
	base(	base_length,
				2*rod_radius+2*(material_thickness+material_space),
				base_height,
				material_thickness,
				material_space,
				material_eco
	);
}

module sized_coupler() {
	coupler(rod_length, 2*rod_radius, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco);
}

module sized_rod() {
	rod(rod_length, rod_radius);
}

module sized_pillar() {
	pillar(	2*rod_radius+2*(material_thickness+material_space),
				2*rod_radius,
				pillar_height,
				material_thickness,
				rod_radius+material_space,
				material_eco);
}

/***** MODULES *****/

module base(length, width, height, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco) {

	half_base(length/2, width, height, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco);

	mirror([1, 0, 0]) {
		half_base(length/2, width, height, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco);
	}

}

module half_base(length, width, height, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco) {

	difference() {

		prism(width, length, height);

		translate([0, material_thickness, material_thickness]) {
			cube([width/8+material_space, width, height]);

			cube([width/2+material_space, width-2*material_thickness, height]);

			if (material_eco == true) {
				translate([width/2+material_thickness+material_space, 0, 0]) {
					cube([length, width-2*material_thickness, height]);
				}
			}

		}

	}

}

module pillar(length, width, height, material_thickness, rod_slot, material_eco) {

	coupler_slot_height = 2*(material_thickness+material_space)+2*material_space;
	length_inside = length-2*material_thickness;
	width_inside = width-material_thickness;

	difference() {

		cube([length, width, height]);

		translate([material_thickness, material_thickness, material_thickness]) {
			cube([length_inside, width_inside, coupler_slot_height]);
		}

		translate([material_thickness, material_thickness, height-rod_slot]) {
			cube([length_inside, width_inside, rod_slot]);
		}

		if (material_eco == true) {
			translate([material_thickness, material_thickness, coupler_slot_height+2*material_thickness]) {
				cube([length_inside, width_inside, height-coupler_slot_height-(3*material_thickness+rod_slot)]);
			}
		}

	}

}

module coupler(length, width, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco) {

	half_coupler(length/2, width, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco);

	translate([0, length, 0]) {
		mirror([0, 1, 0]) {
			half_coupler(length/2, width, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco);
		}
	}

}

module half_coupler(length, width, material_thickness, material_space, material_eco) {

	height = 4*(material_thickness+material_space);
	width_inside = width-2*material_thickness;

	difference() {

		cube([width, length, height]);

		cube([width, width-material_thickness, 2*(material_thickness+material_space)]);

		translate([0, width-(material_thickness+material_space), 0]) {

			cube([width, material_thickness+2*material_space, material_thickness+material_space]);

			cube([width/2-(width/8+material_space), material_thickness+2*material_space, height]);

			translate([width/2+(width/8+material_space), 0, 0]) {
				cube([width/2-(width/8+material_space), material_thickness+2*material_space, height]);
			}

		}

		if (material_eco == true) {

			translate([material_thickness, material_thickness, 0]) {
				cube([width_inside, width-(3*material_thickness+material_space), height-material_thickness]);
			}

			translate([material_thickness, width+material_thickness+material_space, 0]) {
				cube([width_inside, length-(width+material_thickness+material_space), height-material_thickness]);
			}

		}

	}
}

module rod(length, radius) {

	rotate([0, 90, 0]) {
		cylinder(h=length, r=radius, $fn=5*radius);
	}

	translate([0, -radius, -radius]) {
		cube([length, 2*radius, radius]);
	}

}

/***** THIRD PARTY *****/

//https://github.com/dannystaple/OpenSCAD-Parts-Library/blob/master/prism.scad
//Draw a prism based on a
//right angled triangle
//l - length of prism
//w - width of triangle
//h - height of triangle
module prism(l, w, h) {
	translate([0, l, 0]) rotate( a= [90, 0, 0])
	linear_extrude(height = l) polygon(points = [
		[0, 0],
		[w, 0],
		[0, h]
	], paths=[[0,1,2,0]]);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create an ashtray using OpenSCAD, and I need some help with the design. I've got a basic idea in mind but could use some assistance in turning it into a parametric model.

Essentially, the ashtray will be a cylindrical shape with a raised base and several slots around the circumference for holding cigarettes. I want it to be fully customizable through parameters.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm looking for:

*   **Overall Shape:** The primary form is a cylinder with a hollowed-out center. The base should be slightly wider than the main body and have a small bevel/chamfer.
*   **Parameters:**
    *   **Outer Radius (or):** The overall radius of the ashtray.
    *   **Inner Radius (ir):**  The radius of the hollowed-out center.
    *   **Height (hi):** The total height of the ashtray body.
    *   **Number of Slots (num):**  The number of slots/indents for holding cigarettes.
    *   **Base Bevel Height (bh):** The height of the beveled edge at the base.
    *  **Slot Radius (fr):** The radius of the main part of the slot. This is currently used to also determine slot width, which I'd like to decouple.
    *   **Slot Width (sw):** The width of the slot opening.
    *   **Slot Depth (sd):** The depth of the slot from the edge of the cylinder.
    *   **Slot Height (sh):** The total height of the slot, and should remain above the bottom of the cylinder.
*   **Slots:** The slots should be evenly spaced around the circumference. They should be created using combinations of cylinders and cubes to make a cradle shape. It looks like there are some odd rotations in the existing implementation I'd also like to be resolved.
*   **Quality:** I'd like the ability to adjust the $fn value to control the rendering quality - I'd like this to be included in the parameters too, please.

I'm not particularly attached to the existing code, so feel free to make improvements or rewrite it from scratch if that works better.

I'd like all these parameters to be easily adjustable so I can experiment with different shapes and sizes. Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that meets these requirements? Also, I don't require any special libraries for this - it should all be achievable in vanilla OpenSCAD.

[Assistant]
AshTrayCust.scad:
```
// Ashtray
// TrevM 29/04/2014

/* [Global] */

// What quality?
$fn = 100;	// [20,40,60,80,100,120,140,160,180]

// Outside radius?
or = 64;	// [20:100]

// Inside radius?
ir = 60;	// [20:100]

// Height?
hi = 35;	// [10:50]

// Number of slots?
num = 8;	// [2:10]

// Base bevel height?
bh = 2;		// [2:5]

/* [Hidden] */

ang = 360/num;
thk = or-ir+2;
fr = 3.5;
fr2 = fr * 2;

// base
cylinder( r1 = ir, r2 =or, h = bh);
translate([0,0,bh-0.1])
	difference()
	{
		// outside
		cylinder(r = or, h = hi);
		// inside
		translate([0,0,-0.1])	cylinder(r = ir, h = hi+0.2);
		// fag slots
		translate([0,0,hi-7])	for (n=[1:num])
			rotate([0,0,(n-1)*ang])	slot();
	}

module slot()
	translate([ir-1,0,0])
	{
		rotate([0,90,0])	cylinder(r=3.5,h=thk);
		translate([0,-fr,0])	rotate([-8,0,0])	cube([thk,fr2,10]);
		translate([0,-fr,0])	rotate([8,0,0])	cube([thk,fr2,10]);
	}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a parametric design created in OpenSCAD for a "lazy daisy" type of thing, basically a rotating hanger on a rod. I've seen a few designs out there, and I have a specific idea of what I need, including the ability to easily modify all the dimensions.

I need it to be composed of a few key parts:

1.  **The Rod:** This is the main central cylinder. I need to be able to set its diameter and height. It'll have a hole running through it lengthwise. I'll need to specify its diameter as well as its height, and it will have a hole that goes through the center that is used to guide a rod of a specific diameter.

2.  **The Cone:** This is a cone-shaped piece that sits at the bottom of the rod. It should be able to be placed at the very base, with a defined height, a large diameter at the top, and a small diameter at the point.

3.  **The Daisy:** This is the rotating "hanger" part with multiple stems. This sits at the top of the rod and rotates around it. I'll need to be able to specify how many stems there are, as well as the size and spacing of the holes they connect to on the rotating part. I need to be able to control the diameter of these holes and the thickness of the daisy part as well. I need to be able to control the diameter of the stems. The stems are composed of two parts: a thicker main stem, and a thinner part at the bottom which are attached to the rotating disk.

4.  **The Spacer:** There will also need to be a small spacer around the main rod. The spacer should be designed so that it will be able to hold the 'daisy' in place. I need to be able to control the height, and diameter of the spacer as well as it's location on the rod.

5. **Starter Hole:** A hole at the top of the main rod to allow for a rod to be slid through the main rod to mount the object. The hole should go all the way through the main rod.

I need all the dimensions to be parametric so that I can easily customize them. I'll be using millimeters.

I also want the design to be printable, so try to keep overhangs to a minimum and have good clearance between rotating parts.

It would be great if the final design had one file that contains the parametric parts as a single object, and also a file with the individual parts, ready to print individually.

I think that's everything, let me know if you have any questions.

Also, the designs I've been looking at used `$fs` for the fragment size, so I'd like to keep that.

[Assistant]
lazy_Daisy_Print_Friendly.scad:
```

demo=false;
diameter_of_rod=12.75;
diameter_of_cone_large=15;
diameter_of_cone_small=2;
diameter_of_starter_hole=3;
diameter_of_dasey_hole=2;
diameter_of_inner_hole=4.5;
diameter_of_dasey_stem_small=2.5;
diameter_of_dasey_stem_large=4.5;
diameter_of_spacer=11.75;
diameter_of_cone_tap=5;
height_of_rod=100;
height_of_cone=15;
height_of_starter_hole=80;
height_of_single_dasey_stem=20;
height_of_spacer=10;
height_of_cone_tab=5;
size_of_spacer=5;
wall_thickness=1;
dasey_thickness=1.5;
number_of_dasey_holes=12;

$fs=.5;

module body(){
	difference(){
		cylinder(r=diameter_of_rod/2,h=height_of_rod,$fn=number_of_dasey_holes);	translate([0,0,height_of_rod-diameter_of_dasey_stem_small-height_of_single_dasey_stem])cylinder(r=diameter_of_inner_hole/2,h=height_of_single_dasey_stem*2);
		translate([0,0,height_of_starter_hole])translate([0,0,-diameter_of_rod/2])rotate([0,90,0])translate([0,0,-diameter_of_rod])cylinder(r=diameter_of_starter_hole/2,h=diameter_of_rod*2);
		difference(){
			translate([0,0,height_of_rod-height_of_spacer-size_of_spacer])cylinder(r=diameter_of_rod,h=size_of_spacer);
			translate([0,0,height_of_rod-height_of_spacer-2*size_of_spacer])cylinder(r=diameter_of_spacer/2,h=3*size_of_spacer);
		}
		translate([0,0,-.01])cylinder(r=diameter_of_cone_tap/2,h=height_of_cone_tab);
	}

}

module cone(){
	translate([0,0,-1])union(){
		hull(){
			cylinder(r=diameter_of_cone_large/2,h=1);
			translate([0,0,-height_of_cone])sphere(r=diameter_of_cone_small);
		}
		cylinder(r=.95*diameter_of_cone_tap/2,h=1+height_of_cone_tab);
	}
}

module daisy(){
	union(){
		difference(){
			union(){
				for(dasey_index=[1:number_of_dasey_holes]){
					rotate([0,0,dasey_index*360/number_of_dasey_holes])translate([diameter_of_rod/2+diameter_of_dasey_hole/2,0,0])cylinder(r=wall_thickness+diameter_of_dasey_hole/2,h=dasey_thickness);
				}
				cylinder(r=diameter_of_rod/2+diameter_of_dasey_hole,h=dasey_thickness);
			}
			for(dasey_index=[1:number_of_dasey_holes]){
				rotate([0,0,dasey_index*360/number_of_dasey_holes])translate([diameter_of_rod/2+diameter_of_dasey_hole/2,0,-.1])cylinder(r=diameter_of_dasey_hole/2,h=dasey_thickness+2);
			}
			translate([0,0,-.001])cylinder(r=diameter_of_dasey_stem_large/2,h=dasey_thickness);
		}
		hull(){
			translate([0,0,dasey_thickness+height_of_single_dasey_stem])sphere(r=diameter_of_dasey_stem_small/2);
			translate([0,0,dasey_thickness/2])cylinder(r=diameter_of_dasey_stem_large/2,h=dasey_thickness);
		}
	}
}

module daisy_stem_2(){
	hull(){
		translate([0,0,-height_of_single_dasey_stem])sphere(r=diameter_of_dasey_stem_small/2);
		cylinder(r=diameter_of_dasey_stem_large/2,h=dasey_thickness/2);
	}
}
if(demo){
	body();
	cone();
	translate([0,0,height_of_rod+1])daisy_stem_2();
	translate([0,0,height_of_rod+1])daisy();
}else{
	body();
	translate([-diameter_of_rod,0,dasey_thickness/2])rotate([180,0,0])daisy_stem_2();
	translate([diameter_of_rod+2*diameter_of_dasey_hole+2*dasey_thickness,0,0])daisy();
	translate([0,diameter_of_rod+diameter_of_cone_large/2,height_of_cone_tab])rotate([180,0,0])cone();

}
```
lazy_Daisy_Solid.scad:
```
$fs=.5;
diameter_of_rod=12.75;
diameter_of_cone_large=15;
diameter_of_cone_small=2;
diameter_of_starter_hole=3;
diameter_of_dasey_hole=2;
diameter_of_inner_hole=4.5;
diameter_of_dasey_stem_small=2.5;
diameter_of_dasey_stem_large=4.5;
diameter_of_spacer=11.75;
height_of_rod=100;
height_of_cone=15;
height_of_starter_hole=80;
height_of_single_dasey_stem=20;
height_of_spacer=10;
size_of_spacer=5;
wall_thickness=1;
dasey_thickness=1.5;
number_of_dasey_holes=12;

module body(){
	union(){
		difference(){
			cylinder(r=diameter_of_rod/2,h=height_of_rod,$fn=number_of_dasey_holes);
			translate([0,0,height_of_rod-diameter_of_dasey_stem_small-height_of_single_dasey_stem])cylinder(r=diameter_of_inner_hole/2,h=height_of_single_dasey_stem*2);
			translate([0,0,height_of_starter_hole])translate([0,0,-diameter_of_rod/2])rotate([0,90,0])translate([0,0,-diameter_of_rod])cylinder(r=diameter_of_starter_hole/2,h=diameter_of_rod*2);
			difference(){
				translate([0,0,height_of_rod-height_of_spacer-size_of_spacer])cylinder(r=diameter_of_rod,h=size_of_spacer);
				translate([0,0,height_of_rod-height_of_spacer-2*size_of_spacer])cylinder(r=diameter_of_spacer/2,h=3*size_of_spacer);
			}
		}
		hull(){
			cylinder(r=diameter_of_cone_large/2,h=1);
			translate([0,0,-height_of_cone])sphere(r=diameter_of_cone_small);
		}
	}
}

module dasey(){
	union(){
		difference(){
			union(){
				for(dasey_index=[1:number_of_dasey_holes]){
					rotate([0,0,dasey_index*360/number_of_dasey_holes])translate([diameter_of_rod/2+diameter_of_dasey_hole,0,0])cylinder(r=wall_thickness+diameter_of_dasey_hole/2,h=dasey_thickness);
				}
				cylinder(r=diameter_of_rod/2+diameter_of_dasey_hole,h=dasey_thickness);
			}
			for(dasey_index=[1:number_of_dasey_holes]){
				rotate([0,0,dasey_index*360/number_of_dasey_holes])translate([diameter_of_rod/2+diameter_of_dasey_hole,0,-.1])cylinder(r=diameter_of_dasey_hole/2,h=dasey_thickness+2);
			}
		}
		hull(){
			translate([0,0,dasey_thickness+height_of_single_dasey_stem])sphere(r=diameter_of_dasey_stem_small/2);
			cylinder(r=diameter_of_dasey_stem_large/2,h=dasey_thickness);
			translate([0,0,-height_of_single_dasey_stem])sphere(r=diameter_of_dasey_stem_small/2);
		}
	}
}

body();
translate([0,0,height_of_rod+1])dasey();

```


[User]
Hi, I'm trying to design a test print for my dual-extrusion printer. It needs to check how well the printer handles small gaps using dissolvable support material. I've been playing around with an idea, and I think I've got a good concept but would like it made more parametric so I can easily change the dimensions without hunting through code.

The basic idea is a central pillar that's supposed to rotate within a hole that's formed by two outer square pieces. The squares are separated vertically, as well. The hole and the outer squares are all aligned diagonally to give a diamond shape.

Here's the basic structure. There should be a central cylinder for the pivot, with a diameter that's a parameter I can set. There is also a gap between this cylinder and the hole it sits in. This gap needs to be configurable. There are three square sections, all the same size: one in the middle and one above and one below the central cylinder. The height of the central cylinder should extend vertically beyond all three squares by some length (also adjustable). All the square parts are the same size and rotated by 45 degrees along the Z axis. There should be a variable to set the square edge length, as well. The outer two squares are vertically displaced (one above and one below) from the middle square. The gap between squares should be the same as the gap between the central pillar and the hole. The overall height of each cube should be an adjustable parameter. I'd like to have all the square sections overlap with the cylinder so the central pivot is completely enclosed when the model is printed and before dissolving the support material.

I think that covers it. Could you create an OpenSCAD file for me that can handle these parameters? I'm not using any libraries, so all basic primitives should be sufficient for this. Thanks.

[Assistant]
pivot_test.scad:
```
//created by ivanchaos
//this is a test thing for dissolvable material dual-extrusion
//change the "gap" value according to your printer's nozzle diameter for suitable test object.

cubeEdgeSize = 5;
sectionHeight=2.5;
pivotPillarSize =5;
gap=0.4;	//measured in mm

difference(){
translate([-cubeEdgeSize/2-gap-pivotPillarSize,-cubeEdgeSize/2-gap-pivotPillarSize,-sectionHeight*0.5])cube([cubeEdgeSize+2*pivotPillarSize,cubeEdgeSize+2*pivotPillarSize,sectionHeight]);
cylinder(sectionHeight,pivotPillarSize+gap,pivotPillarSize+gap,true);}
union(){
cylinder(sectionHeight*3+gap*2,pivotPillarSize,pivotPillarSize,true);

rotate([0,0,45])translate([-cubeEdgeSize/2-pivotPillarSize,-cubeEdgeSize/2-pivotPillarSize,sectionHeight*0.5+gap])cube([cubeEdgeSize+2*pivotPillarSize,cubeEdgeSize+2*pivotPillarSize,sectionHeight]);

rotate([0,0,45])translate([-cubeEdgeSize/2-pivotPillarSize,-cubeEdgeSize/2-pivotPillarSize,-sectionHeight*1.5-gap])cube([cubeEdgeSize+2*pivotPillarSize,cubeEdgeSize+2*pivotPillarSize,sectionHeight]);
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a tool holder for my workbench, specifically for pliers, but I want it to be more stable than my current version. Right now, the pliers sit with the heavy part up, which feels precarious. I'd like to flip that, so the heavy part is down, held securely.

Here's what I have in mind: The pliers' handles should rest in a pair of semi-circular cutouts on a base. The plier jaws, then, will hang down below the base. There should be a raised portion of the base that separates the cutouts, like a short wall, and the semi-circles should be deep enough that the handles are held securely but are easy enough to remove. I’d like the depth of the cutouts to be customizable as well as the width of the separator.

I'd also like to include a hanging tab, with a hole, on the base, centered on the back. This hanging tab will allow me to screw it to my workbench if I don't want to just have it sitting there. I'd like to be able to control the thickness of the base and the tab, the diameter of the hole in the tab, and the height of the tab.

I'd like it to be parametric, so I can adjust it to fit different sizes of pliers, and so I can print it at different scales. So, I'd need to control the following parameters:

*   `base_length`: The overall length of the base.
*   `base_width`: The overall width of the base.
*   `base_thickness`: The thickness of the base.
*  `handle_diameter`: The diameter of the semi-circular cutouts for the handles.
*   `cutout_depth`: How deep each semi-circle handle cutout is.
*   `separator_width`: Width of the wall that separates the two handle cutouts.
*   `tab_height`: Height of the hanging tab.
*  `tab_thickness`: The thickness of the hanging tab.
*   `tab_hole_diameter`: The diameter of the hole in the hanging tab.
*  `tab_offset`: The offset of the tab from the back of the base.

I want to use the BOSL2 library, if you don't mind.

[Assistant]
plierholder.scad:
```
// Customizable Plier Holder
// preview[view:south]

// Thickness of hangar, base, and brace (if enabled).
plate_thickness = 4;

// Diameter of hole in hangar.
hole_diameter = 3.3;

// Size of border around hangar hole.
top_margin = 5;

// Size of border in front of handle hole.
front_margin = 3;

// Height from bottom of base to top of hangar.
total_height = 35;

// Handle hole diameter. Set slightly larger than actual tool handle diameter.
handle_diameter = 12;

// Distance between handle holes. Measured from inner edges.
handle_spacing = 25;

// Distance between hangar and handle holes. Increase to permit more clearance between tool and hangar.
handle_clearance = 2;

// If enabled, include a brace between the hangar and the base.
reinforce = 1; // [0:Disabled, 1:Enabled]

/* [Hidden] */

hole_radius = hole_diameter / 2;
handle_radius = handle_diameter / 2;
base_width = handle_diameter + handle_spacing;
base_depth = handle_diameter + front_margin + handle_clearance;
hole_height = total_height - top_margin - hole_radius;
$fn = 30;

union() {
	Hangar();
	Base();
	if (reinforce == 1) {
		Brace();
	}
}

module Brace() {
	assign(
			size = min(hole_height - hole_radius - plate_thickness - top_margin,
			base_depth)) {
		// - 0.0001 is a stupid fudge to circumvent some coincident plane issue
		translate([plate_thickness / 2, 0, plate_thickness - 0.0001])
		rotate([0, -90, 0])
		linear_extrude(height=plate_thickness)
		difference() {
			square([size, size]);
			translate([size, size]) circle(r=size, $fn=36);
		}
	}
}

module Hangar() {
	rotate([90, 0, 0])
	linear_extrude(height=plate_thickness)
	difference() {

		hull() {
			translate([0, hole_height, 0])
			circle(r=hole_radius + top_margin);

			translate([-base_width/2, 0, 0])
			square([base_width, plate_thickness]);
		}

		translate([0, hole_height, 0])
		circle(r=hole_radius);
	}
}

module Base() {
	linear_extrude(height=plate_thickness)
	difference() {
		translate([-base_width/2, 0, 0])
		square([base_width, base_depth]);

		translate([-base_width/2, handle_clearance + handle_radius, 0])
		circle(r=handle_diameter / 2);

		translate([base_width/2, handle_clearance + handle_radius, 0])
		circle(r=handle_diameter / 2);
	}
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a parametric filament spool holder for my Afinia H480 3D printer, and I'd like it to be pretty robust and over-engineered. I really like the planetary gear bearing design from the `arm.scad` file that I'm including as a starting point, so I'd like the new model to use a similar bearing system. I'd prefer if all the code was parametric and customizable through OpenSCAD's customizer, similar to how `arm.scad` is already structured.

Specifically, I need the design to include a mounting plate that attaches to the printer and an arm that extends out to hold the filament spool using the planetary gear bearing. The bearing needs to support different spool sizes and also has to be inset. Here are some key features:

**Mounting Plate:**

*   The mounting plate should have two mounting holes for attachment to the printer frame. The location of these holes should be adjustable.
*   There should be an offset parameter that controls the vertical position of the arm relative to the mounting plate. It should support both mounting options: "up" and "down."
*   The plate should have a lip that engages with the arm. The size of this lip should be adjustable to account for different tolerance fits.
*   I'd like to be able to adjust the width, depth and height of the mounting plate.

**Bearing Arm:**

*   The arm should extend from the mounting plate and have the planetary gear bearing at the end.
*   I need to be able to control the arm's length, width, and height, plus its thickness.
*   The end of the arm should be rounded for aesthetics and to reduce the chances of catching on something.
*   The arm should clip into the mounting plate using the adjustable lip from the mounting plate and should have a support beam on the interior for rigidity.

**Planetary Gear Bearing:**

*   The bearing should use a planetary gear system with adjustable numbers of planets and teeth on each planet. The number of teeth on the sun gear should be automatically calculated based on the number of planets and the number of teeth on each planet.
*   The bearing should have inset bearings, adjustable with the depth and diameter of the spool hole and a rim size.
*  I'd like to set a tolerance parameter to control the fit of the gears to account for print inaccuracies.
*   I'd like the option for the support for the gear to be adjustable.

**General Requirements:**

*   All dimensions should be customizable via variables.
*   The design should be in OpenSCAD.
*   I'd like to control the print output through a single "part" parameter allowing me to print the "arm," the "plate," or "both" together.

I'm not super familiar with some of the more complicated aspects of OpenSCAD like how the gears and planetary systems are built - I'm assuming you can use the calculations from `arm.scad` as a starting point for this. I'd also like to not use any extra libraries if possible. It seems that all of the geometry should be achievable using OpenSCAD's native commands.

[Assistant]
arm.scad:
```
// preview[view:east]

/* [Print] */

part = "both"; // ["both":Arm and Mounting Plate,"plate":Mounting Plate,"arm":Arm]

/* [Mounting Plate] */

arm_y_offset = 5; // [0:30]

arm_orientation = "down"; // ["up":Up,"down":Down]

/* [Bearing Spool] */

spool_hole_depth = 25.0;
spool_hole_diameter = 38.5;

rim_width = 2;
rim_height = 1.5;

// Insert the bearing gears so that they're less than the full width of the spool.
// Very wide bearing gears will not work well unless your printer is very well
// calibrated, so use this for extra-wide spool mounts.
bearing_inset = 0;
// Thickness of the spool support ring with inset bearings. Be careful that this
// is not thick enough to overlap your gears.
spool_support_thickness = 2;

tolerance = 0.15;
number_of_planets = 5; // [2:16]
number_of_teeth_on_planets = 6; // [3:16]
approximate_number_of_teeth_on_sun = 9; // [3:16]

/* [Bearing Arm] */

// Length of the spool arm, from the mounting plate to the center of
// the spool bearing.
arm_length = 42.5; // [0:100]
arm_width  = 10;   // [0:15]
arm_height = 25;   // [0:100]

arm_clip   = 10; // [0:100]

arm_mounting_lip_width = 2; // [0:10]

arm_thickness = 5; // [0:20]

/* [Hidden] */

/***********************
 * Arm triangle module *
 ***********************/

arm_x = arm_length - spool_hole_depth / 2 + bearing_inset + rim_width;
arm_y = arm_width;
arm_z = arm_height;
// arm_clip = 10;

arm_t = arm_thickness;

lip_w = arm_mounting_lip_width;

mounting_slot_tolerance = 0.1;

hypot = sqrt(arm_x * arm_x + arm_z * arm_z);

t_ = arm_t;
b_ = arm_x + arm_clip;
h_ = arm_z;

b2 = b_ / h_ * (h_ - t_) - t_;
h2 = h_ / b_ * (b_ - t_) - t_;

b3 = b2 - t_ * sqrt(b2 * b2 + h2 * h2) / h2;
h3 = h2 - t_ * sqrt(b2 * b2 + h2 * h2) / b2;

module triangle() {
    rotate([0, 270, 0])
    intersection() {
        difference() {
            translate([0, -arm_y/2, 0])
                union() {
                    // Mounting lip
                    translate([0, -$lip_w, 0])
                        rotate([0, 0, 90])
                            intersection() {
                                linear_extrude(height=arm_z)
                                    polygon([[0 ,0],
                                             [arm_y / 2 + $lip_w,
                                              -(arm_y / 2 + $lip_w) * sqrt(2)],
                                             [arm_y + 2 * $lip_w,
                                              0]]);

                                translate([0, -arm_t, 0])
                                    cube([arm_y + $lip_w * 2,
                                          arm_t,
                                          arm_z]);
                            }

                    difference() {
                        // Main arm triangle
                        intersection() {
                            cube([arm_x, arm_y, arm_z]);
                            translate([0, arm_y, 0])
                                rotate([90, 0, 0])
                                    linear_extrude(height=arm_y)
                                        polygon([[0, 0],
                                                 [0, arm_z],
                                                 [arm_x + arm_clip, 0]]);
                        }

                        // Support hole
                        intersection() {
                            cube([arm_x - arm_t, arm_y, arm_z]);
                            translate([arm_t, arm_y, arm_t])
                                rotate([90, 0, 0])
                                    linear_extrude(height=arm_y)
                                        polygon([[0, 0],
                                                 [0, h3],
                                                 [b3, 0]]);
                        }
                    }
                }

            // Rounded nose
            translate([0, 0, arm_z])
                rotate([0, 90 + atan(arm_z / (arm_x + arm_clip)), 0])
                    translate([arm_y / 2, 0, 0])
                        difference() {
                            translate([-arm_y, -arm_y / 2 - 10, 0])
                                cube([arm_y, arm_y + 20, hypot]);
                            cylinder(r=arm_y / 2, h=hypot, $fn=64);
                        }
        }
    }
}

/********************************
 * Emmet's gear bearings module *
 ********************************/

// Planetary gear bearing (customizable)

rim_w = rim_width;
rim_h = rim_height;

d = spool_hole_depth;
h = spool_hole_diameter;

// outer diameter of ring
D = h - 2 * rim_h;
// thickness
T = d + 2 * rim_w - 2 * bearing_inset;
// clearance
tol = tolerance; // 0.15;
// number_of_planets = 5;
// number_of_teeth_on_planets = 6;
// approximate_number_of_teeth_on_sun = 9;
// pressure angle
P = 45;//[30:60]
// number of teeth to twist across
nTwist = 1;
// width of hexagonal hole
w = 6.7;

DR = 0.5*1;// maximum depth ratio of teeth

m = round(number_of_planets);
np = round(number_of_teeth_on_planets);
ns1 = approximate_number_of_teeth_on_sun;
k1 = round(2 / m * (ns1 + np));
k =  k1 * m % 2 !=0 ? k1+1 : k1;
ns = k * m / 2 - np;
echo(ns);

nr = ns+2*np;
pitchD = 0.9*D/(1+min(PI/(2*nr*tan(P)),PI*DR/nr));
pitch = pitchD*PI/nr;
echo(pitch);

helix_angle = atan(2*nTwist*pitch/T);
echo(helix_angle);

phi = $t*360/m;

module arm_bearing() {
    translate([0,0,T/2]){
        union() {
            difference(){
                cylinder(r=D/2,h=T,center=true,$fn=100);
                herringbone(nr,pitch,P,DR,-tol,helix_angle,T+0.2);
                * difference(){
                    translate([0,-D/2,0])rotate([90,0,0])monogram(h=10);
                    cylinder(r=D/2-0.25,h=T+2,center=true,$fn=100);
                }
            }
            rotate([0,0,(np+1)*180/ns+phi*(ns+np)*2/ns])
            difference(){
                mirror([0,1,0])
                    herringbone(ns,pitch,P,DR,tol,helix_angle,T);
                * cylinder(r=w/sqrt(3),h=T+1,center=true,$fn=6);
            }
            for(i=[1:m])rotate([0,0,i*360/m+phi])translate([pitchD/2*(ns+np)/nr,0,0])
                rotate([0,0,i*ns/m*360/np-phi*(ns+np)/np-phi])
                    herringbone(np,pitch,P,DR,tol,helix_angle,T);

            translate([0,0,-T/2 - bearing_inset]) {
                difference() {
                    cylinder(r=D/2 + rim_h, h=rim_w, $fn=512);
                    translate([0, 0, -1])
                    cylinder(r=D/2 - 1,     h=rim_w + 2, $fn=512);
                }
            }

            translate([0, 0, T/2 - rim_w + bearing_inset]) {
                difference() {
                    cylinder(r=D/2 + rim_h, h=rim_w, $fn=512);
                    translate([0, 0, -1])
                    cylinder(r=D/2 - 1,     h=rim_w + 2, $fn=512);
                }
            }

            if (bearing_inset) {
                translate([0, 0, -bearing_inset - T/2])
                    difference() {
                        union() {
                            cylinder(r=D/2, h=bearing_inset + 0.01, $fn=100);
                            translate([0, 0, bearing_inset + T - 0.01])
                            cylinder(r=D/2, h=bearing_inset + 0.01, $fn=100);
                        }
                        translate([0, 0, -1])
                        cylinder(r=D/2 - spool_support_thickness, h=d + 2 * rim_w + 2, $fn=100);
                    }
            }
        }
    }
}

module rack(
    number_of_teeth=15,
    circular_pitch=10,
    pressure_angle=28,
    helix_angle=0,
    clearance=0,
    gear_thickness=5,
    flat=false) {

    addendum=circular_pitch/(4*tan(pressure_angle));

    flat_extrude(h=gear_thickness,flat=flat)translate([0,-clearance*cos(pressure_angle)/2])
        union(){
            translate([0,-0.5-addendum])square([number_of_teeth*circular_pitch,1],center=true);
            for(i=[1:number_of_teeth])
                translate([circular_pitch*(i-number_of_teeth/2-0.5),0])
                polygon(points=[[-circular_pitch/2,-addendum],[circular_pitch/2,-addendum],[0,addendum]]);
        }
    }

module monogram(h=1)
    linear_extrude(height=h,center=true)
        translate(-[3,2.5])union(){
            difference(){
                square([4,5]);
                translate([1,1])square([2,3]);
            }
            square([6,1]);
            translate([0,2])square([2,1]);
        }

module herringbone(
    number_of_teeth=15,
    circular_pitch=10,
    pressure_angle=28,
    depth_ratio=1,
    clearance=0,
    helix_angle=0,
    gear_thickness=5) {

    union(){
        gear(number_of_teeth,
            circular_pitch,
            pressure_angle,
            depth_ratio,
            clearance,
            helix_angle,
            gear_thickness/2);
        mirror([0,0,1])
            gear(number_of_teeth,
                circular_pitch,
                pressure_angle,
                depth_ratio,
                clearance,
                helix_angle,
                gear_thickness/2);
    }
}

module gear (
    number_of_teeth=15,
    circular_pitch=10,
    pressure_angle=28,
    depth_ratio=1,
    clearance=0,
    helix_angle=0,
    gear_thickness=5,
    flat=false) {

    pitch_radius = number_of_teeth*circular_pitch/(2*PI);
    twist=tan(helix_angle)*gear_thickness/pitch_radius*180/PI;

    flat_extrude(h=gear_thickness,twist=twist,flat=flat)
        gear2D (
            number_of_teeth,
            circular_pitch,
            pressure_angle,
            depth_ratio,
            clearance);

}

module flat_extrude(h,twist,flat) {
        if(flat==false)
            linear_extrude(height=h,twist=twist,slices=twist/6)child(0);
        else
            child(0);

}

module gear2D (
    number_of_teeth,
    circular_pitch,
    pressure_angle,
    depth_ratio,
    clearance) {

    pitch_radius = number_of_teeth*circular_pitch/(2*PI);
    base_radius = pitch_radius*cos(pressure_angle);
    depth=circular_pitch/(2*tan(pressure_angle));
    outer_radius = clearance<0 ? pitch_radius+depth/2-clearance : pitch_radius+depth/2;
    root_radius1 = pitch_radius-depth/2-clearance/2;
    root_radius = (clearance<0 && root_radius1<base_radius) ? base_radius : root_radius1;
    backlash_angle = clearance/(pitch_radius*cos(pressure_angle)) * 180 / PI;
    half_thick_angle = 90/number_of_teeth - backlash_angle/2;
    pitch_point = involute (base_radius, involute_intersect_angle (base_radius, pitch_radius));
    pitch_angle = atan2 (pitch_point[1], pitch_point[0]);
    min_radius = max (base_radius,root_radius);

    intersection(){
        rotate(90/number_of_teeth)
            circle($fn=number_of_teeth*3,r=pitch_radius+depth_ratio*circular_pitch/2-clearance/2);
        union(){
            rotate(90/number_of_teeth)
                circle($fn=number_of_teeth*2,r=max(root_radius,pitch_radius-depth_ratio*circular_pitch/2-clearance/2));
            for (i = [1:number_of_teeth])rotate(i*360/number_of_teeth){
                halftooth (
                    pitch_angle,
                    base_radius,
                    min_radius,
                    outer_radius,
                    half_thick_angle);
                mirror([0,1])halftooth (
                    pitch_angle,
                    base_radius,
                    min_radius,
                    outer_radius,
                    half_thick_angle);
            }
        }
    }
}

module halftooth (
    pitch_angle,
    base_radius,
    min_radius,
    outer_radius,
    half_thick_angle) {

    index=[0,1,2,3,4,5];
    start_angle = max(involute_intersect_angle (base_radius, min_radius)-5,0);
    stop_angle = involute_intersect_angle (base_radius, outer_radius);
    angle=index*(stop_angle-start_angle)/index[len(index)-1];
    p=[[0,0],
        involute(base_radius,angle[0]+start_angle),
        involute(base_radius,angle[1]+start_angle),
        involute(base_radius,angle[2]+start_angle),
        involute(base_radius,angle[3]+start_angle),
        involute(base_radius,angle[4]+start_angle),
        involute(base_radius,angle[5]+start_angle)];

    difference(){
        rotate(-pitch_angle-half_thick_angle)polygon(points=p);
        square(2*outer_radius);
    }
}

// Mathematical Functions
//===============

// Finds the angle of the involute about the base radius at the given distance (radius) from it's center.
//source: http://www.mathhelpforum.com/math-help/geometry/136011-circle-involute-solving-y-any-given-x.html

function involute_intersect_angle (base_radius, radius) = sqrt (pow (radius/base_radius, 2) - 1) * 180 / PI;

// Calculate the involute position for a given base radius and involute angle.

function involute (base_radius, involute_angle) =
[
    base_radius*(cos (involute_angle) + involute_angle*PI/180*sin (involute_angle)),
    base_radius*(sin (involute_angle) - involute_angle*PI/180*cos (involute_angle))
];

/*************************
 * Mounting plate module *
 *************************/

upside_down = arm_orientation == "up" ? 0 : 1;

$lip_w = lip_w;

xoff = arm_y / 2;

plate_h = 5 + arm_z - (upside_down ? xoff : 0);
plate_w = 5 + 5 + arm_y + 2 * lip_w;

plate_d_i = lip_w + 1;
plate_d_screw = 5;
plate_d = plate_d_screw + plate_d_i;

plate_y_o = upside_down ? arm_y_offset : arm_y_offset + arm_z;

screw_d_head = 4;

mount_w = 57;
mount_h = 10;
mount_d_screw = plate_d_screw - screw_d_head + 1;

module screw() {
    union() {
        // Head
        translate([0, 0, -0.1])
            cylinder(d=5.5, h=4 + 0.1, $fn=64);

        // Threads
        translate([0, 0, -10])
            cylinder(d=3.2, h=10, $fn=64);
    }
}

module screws() {
    translate([mount_h / 2, 0, mount_d_screw])
        union() {
            translate([0, 15, 0])
                screw();
            translate([0, 15 + 36.5, 0])
                screw();
        }
}

/**********
 * Output *
 **********/

// Bearings and arm
module thing_arm() {
    rotate([0, 180, 0])
        translate([0, 0, -T - bearing_inset])
            union() {
                translate([arm_y / 4, 0, -arm_x + 1])
                    triangle();
                arm_bearing();
            }
}

// Mounting plate
module thing_mounting_plate() {
    difference() {
        union() {
            // Mounting plate
            translate([-plate_h / 2, 0, plate_d / 2])
                cube([plate_h, plate_w, plate_d], center=true);

            // Top riser
            translate([0, -plate_w / 2, 0])
                cube([plate_y_o, plate_w, plate_d_screw]);

            // Screw strip
            translate([plate_y_o, -plate_w / 2, 0])
                union() {
                    difference() {
                        cube([mount_h, mount_w, plate_d_screw]);

                        // Screw holes
                        screws();
                    }

                    // Phantom screws, because why not.
                    % screws();
                }
        }

        if (upside_down) {
            // Negative space for bracket
            translate([1 - arm_z + xoff, 0, plate_d - plate_d_i])
                assign($lip_w = lip_w + mounting_slot_tolerance) {
                    rotate([0, 0, 180])
                        union() {
                            triangle();
                            translate([-xoff, 0, 0])
                                triangle();
                        }
                }

            // Actual-sized bracket
            translate([0 - arm_z + xoff, 0, plate_d - plate_d_i])
                rotate([0, 0, 180])
                    % triangle();
        } else {
            // Negative space for bracket
            translate([1, 0, plate_d - plate_d_i])
                assign($lip_w = lip_w + mounting_slot_tolerance) {
                    triangle();
                }

            // Actual-sized bracket
            translate([0, 0, plate_d - plate_d_i])
                % triangle();
        }
    }
}

rotate([0, 0, -90])
    union() {
        if (part == "both" || part == "plate") {
            translate([0, h / 2 + plate_w / 2 + 5, 0])
                thing_mounting_plate();
        }
        if (part == "both" || part == "arm") {
            thing_arm();
        }
    }

// vim:se sts=4 sw=4 et:

```


[User]
I'd like to design a clip to hold my pliers on the side of my workbench. I envision a clip that holds the pliers with their business end (jaws) pointing down, with the handle held securely. The clip should be easily mountable to the side of my bench with a screw.

I've got some specific parameters in mind, and I'd love it if the design could be parametric so I can adjust it later for different tools. Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Clip Height:** The overall height of the clip itself (excluding the mounting tab) should be adjustable.
*   **Clip Thickness:** The thickness of the material used for the clip arms; this also defines the "buffer" on each side of the tool handle when it's clipped in.
*   **Handle Diameter:** The diameter of the tool handle that the clip will hold. It should have a bit of extra clearance to make it easy to clip in, so maybe something slightly larger than the actual diameter.
*   **Cutout Width (Top):** The width of the opening at the *top* surface of the clip where the handle enters.
*   **Cutout Width (Bottom):** The width of the opening at the *bottom* surface of the clip. This will be smaller than the top width to match the slope of the pliers’ handle.
*   **Notch Width:** The width of the opening at the front of the clip, which is less than the cutout width, to securely hold the pliers.
*   **Screw Diameter:** The diameter of the mounting screw hole.
*   **Screw Border:** The width of the material surrounding the mounting screw hole to make it sturdy.

I was picturing the main body of the clip as a sort of lozenge shape, with a cutout to fit the tool handle. I was envisioning the cutout shaped like an inverted trapezoid on the lozenge with a smaller opening in the middle.  I think it would make sense to add a tab with a mounting screw hole at the top of the lozenge to attach the holder to the bench.

It would be super helpful if you could generate the necessary OpenSCAD file(s) for this. I don't need any special libraries for now, just the core OpenSCAD functionality. Could you help me with this design?

[Assistant]
inverseplierholder.scad:
```
// Customizable Plier Holder Clip

// Height of clip from top to bottom (not including mounting screw tab).
clip_height = 5;

// Width of clip arms (width of buffer around top edge of cutout).
clip_thickness = 6;

// Tool handle diameter (set slightly larger than actual diameter for easy fit).
handle_diameter = 12;

// Width of handle holder cutout at top surface of clip.
cutout_top_width = 45;

// Width of handle holder cutout at bottom surface of clip. Set less than top width to match slope to tool handle angle.
cutout_bottom_width = 38.2549;

// Width of opening in the front of the clip. Should typically be less than cutout width.
notch_width = 32;

// Diameter of mounting screw hole.
screw_diameter = 3.5;

// Width of tab surrounding mounting screw hole.
screw_border = 4;

/* [Hidden] */

handle_radius = handle_diameter/2;
screw_radius = screw_diameter/2;
$fn = 60;

difference() {
	union() {
		difference() {
			Lozenge(clip_height, cutout_top_width, handle_radius + clip_thickness);

			HandleCutout();
			NotchOpening();
		}
		ScrewMount();
	}
	ScrewHole();
}

module ScrewMount() {
	translate([0, handle_radius+clip_thickness, screw_border + screw_radius])
	rotate([90, 0, 0])
	linear_extrude(height=clip_thickness)
	circle(r=screw_radius + screw_border);
}

module ScrewHole() {
	translate([0, handle_radius + clip_thickness + 1, screw_border + screw_radius])
	rotate([90, 0, 0])
	linear_extrude(height=clip_thickness+2)
	circle(r=screw_radius);
}

module NotchOpening() {
	translate([0, -(clip_thickness + handle_radius)/2, clip_height/2])
	cube([notch_width, clip_thickness + handle_radius, clip_height], center=true);
}

module HandleCutout() {
	hull() {
		translate([0, 0, clip_height])
		Lozenge(1, cutout_top_width, handle_radius);
		Lozenge(1, cutout_bottom_width, handle_radius);
	}
}

module Lozenge(height, width, radius) {
	linear_extrude(height=height)
	hull() {
		translate([-width/2 + handle_radius, 0, 0]) circle(r=radius);
		translate([ width/2 - handle_radius, 0, 0]) circle(r=radius);
	}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable flexible bracelet using OpenSCAD. It'll be made of interconnected segments, sort of like a chain, but in a circle. The main idea is that the user can set the inner and outer radius of the bracelet, as well as its length (which will be its height when printed).

Key parameters I need to be able to control include:

*   `inner_radius`: This is the radius of the bracelet's inner edge in millimeters. The user will need to adjust this to fit different wrist sizes.
*   `outer_radius`: This is the radius of the bracelet's outer edge in millimeters.
*   `length`: This is the height of the bracelet in millimeters when printed.
*   `nozzle`: The diameter of the printer nozzle used, which affects the gap sizes between segments.
*   `gapinfactor`: A scaling factor to adjust the internal gap size, which is needed to stop the links from touching on the inside.
*   `sections`: The number of segments or links the bracelet has. More segments lead to a rounder bracelet but add more complexity to calculations.
*   `text`: This will be a string of text that is embossed or debossed onto the bracelet's outer surface.
*  `holes`: A setting to control whether the text is a raised feature or cut out as a hole.
* `text_thickness`: How much the text is extruded. Set in units of nozzle diameters to be easy to handle.
I'd like to be able to use the `MCAD/fonts.scad` library to handle the text. The overall design should look something like the example I found at http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:46735, but I want a clean parametric implementation that I can fully control.

Let me know if you have any questions or need more information.

[Assistant]
customizable_flexible_bracelet_full_v06.scad:
```
//inner radius of the bracelet in mm
inner_radius = 28; //[15:150]

//outer radius of the bracelet in mm
outer_radius = 33; //[15:150]

//length (=height) of the bracelet in mm
length = 12;  // [5:60]

//diameter of your 3d printer nozzle in mm. The gaps will be multiples of this
nozzle = 0.4;

//gap inside factor. Increase to avoid touching links at inside
gapinfactor = 6; //[2:8]

//number of sections on bracelets
sections = 25; //[15:60]

//text to put on bracelet
text = "Ingegno.be";

//view text as holes?
holes = "no"; // [yes, no]

//text thickness as amount of nozzle. Don't set high as top part will not be filled with fill=0!
text_thickness = 2;  //[2:6]

use <MCAD/fonts.scad>

module test(){
  echo("test");
}

baseheight = 0.8;
r1 = inner_radius;
r2 = outer_radius;
n = sections;
gapin=gapinfactor*nozzle;
gapout = 3*nozzle;
alpha = 2*PI/sections;
alpha_1 = alpha - gapin/r1;
beta = 2*PI/sections;
beta_1 = alpha - gapout/r2;
alpha_2 = gapin/r1;
beta_2 = gapout/r2;
alpha_3 = nozzle/r1;
beta_3 = nozzle/r2;

fudge = 0.01;

//process the text, we have beta_1 for the symbol, use beta_2 for border!
thisFont=8bit_polyfont();
x_shift=thisFont[0][0];
y_shift=thisFont[0][1];
theseIndicies=search(text,thisFont[2],1,1);
wordlength = (len(theseIndicies));

factorygap = 3;
scale_x = (beta_1-beta_2) * r2 / x_shift;
scale_y = (length - factorygap*gapout) / y_shift;
thicknessword = text_thickness * nozzle;

// Create the Text
module alltext() {
    for( j=[0:(len(theseIndicies)-1)] )
      rotate([0, 0, (3/2*beta_2 + (beta_1-beta_2)/2 + j* beta)*180/PI])
      translate([r2 -1.5* nozzle, -(beta_1-beta_2) * r2 /2 , factorygap/2*gapout])
      rotate([90,0,90])
        {
        scale([scale_x,scale_y,1]){
          linear_extrude(height=thicknessword)
            polygon(points=thisFont[2][theseIndicies[j]][6][0],paths=thisFont[2][theseIndicies[j]][6][1]);
        }
      }
}

module innerholes() {
  union() {
    for (i = [0:n-1]){
      rotate([0,0,(-alpha_1/2 + i* alpha)*180/PI])
        translate([r1,0,0])
          cube(size=[3*nozzle,r1*(alpha_2+alpha_3), 3*length], center=true);
    }
  }
}

module spikes() {
  linear_extrude(height=length) { union(){
    for (i = [0:n-1]){
      polygon(points = [ [r1*cos((-alpha_1/2 + i* alpha-alpha_2)*180/PI),
                          r1*sin((-alpha_1/2 + i* alpha-alpha_2)*180/PI)],
                         [r2*cos((2*beta_2/2 + (i-1)* beta)*180/PI),
                          r2*sin((2*beta_2/2 + (i-1)* beta)*180/PI)],
                         [r2*cos(( (i)* beta)*180/PI),
                          r2*sin(( (i)* beta)*180/PI)],
                         [r1*cos((-alpha_1/2 + i* alpha)*180/PI),
                          r1*sin((-alpha_1/2 + i* alpha)*180/PI)]
                         ],
                   paths = [ [0,1,2,3]]);
    }
  }}
}

module outerholes() {
  union() {
    for (i = [0:n-1]){
      rotate([0,0,(beta_2/2 + i* beta)*180/PI])
        translate([r2-nozzle,0,0])
          cube(size=[3*nozzle, gapout, 3*length], center=true);
    }
  }
}

module outercirc(){
  difference(){
    cylinder(h=length, r=r2, $fn=100);
    translate([0,0,-fudge]) cylinder(h=length+2*fudge, r=r2-nozzle, $fn=100);
    outerholes();
  }
}

module innercirc(){
  //difference(){
    cylinder(h=length, r=r1+nozzle, $fn=100);
  //  translate([0,0,-fudge]) cylinder(h=length+2*fudge, r=r1, $fn=100);
  //  innerholes();
  //}
}

module baseform(){
  union(){
    //outercirc();
    innercirc();
    spikes();
  }
}

rotate([0,0,-90])
if (holes == "yes") {
  difference(){
  baseform();
  alltext();
  }
} else {
  union(){
    baseform();
    alltext();
  }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a configurable soroban, or abacus, using OpenSCAD. I want it to be parametric so I can easily adjust its size and the number of counters.

Specifically, I need to control the following parameters:

*   **`number_of_1_counters`**: The number of beads worth '1' on each rod. The default should be 4.
*   **`number_of_5_counters`**: The number of beads worth '5' on each rod. The default should be 1.
*   **`number_of_rods`**: The total number of rods on the abacus. The default should be 13.
*   **`Thickness_of_box`**: The thickness of the outer box of the abacus in mm, scaled down by 0.6. The default should be 6.
*   **`distance_between_balls`**: The distance between two beads on a rod in mm, also scaled by 0.6. The default should be 7.
*   **`rod_distance`**: The distance between rods, expressed as a percentage of the ball diameter. The default should be 1.05 (meaning 105% of the ball diameter).
*   **`box_free_space`**: The space between the outer box and the beads, in mm. The default should be 2.

The design should include:

*   **Spherical beads with flat sides**: The beads should be created by combining two half-spheres, flattened on their inner sides where they touch the rods, with a cylindrical hole for the rod to pass through. The flat area where the balls touch the rod should be slightly offset to allow them to rotate.
*   **Cylindrical rods**: The rods should pass through the beads and extend slightly into the box, with a small gap to allow them to move.
*   **Box**: The box should have an outer shell with the necessary space for the beads and rods. It should be designed to be printed in one piece without supports. This means that the "feet" of the abacus, which are designed to keep the rods aligned should initially be printed facing *upwards*.
*   **No additional libraries**: I'd like to do this using only the core OpenSCAD language, no need for MCAD or anything else.

The intention is to print this design, and the program should be scalable by a general `scale` parameter in addition to the individual sizing ones specified above. The program should include an echo statement giving the length of the abacus as a sanity check.

[Assistant]
configurable_soroban_2.scad:
```
number_of_1_counters=4;

number_of_5_counters=1;

number_of_rods=13;

//Thickness in mm, scaled by 0.6
Thickness_of_box=6;

//Distance between two balls in mm, scaled by 0.6
distance_between_balls=7;

//Distance of rods, in percent of the ball diameter
rod_distance  = 1.05;

//Space between the outer box and the balls
box_free_space=2;

// Configurable Soroban
// Version 3, March 2014

// By default, its a 10-ball version is for the board game Tikal to count the action points remaining
// Print it "upside down" with the feet up. It prints in one go.
// After printing, move the balls a bit and pull out the plastic fibers which are loose.

// Written by MC Geisler (m c genki at gmail dot com)

// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
// See the GNU General Public License for more details.

/* [Hidden] */

//Scaling the Abacus
scale=0.6;

ball_width_radius=15*scale; //if it would be pointy in the middle
ballabstand=distance_between_balls*scale;
ball_height_radius=ball_width_radius*.8;//the radius of the flattening cylinder in the middle
ball_min_height_radius=ball_height_radius*.966;

stangenradius=ball_width_radius/4;
stangenluft=.75*scale; //bei 1mm*scale wackelts noch, entspricht 0.52356 -> 0,3
echo ("Distance rod to ball: ",stangenluft);

//make the balls with 12 faces
$fn=12;

number_of_balls = number_of_1_counters+number_of_5_counters+1;
stangenlaenge=(ball_width_radius+ballabstand)*number_of_balls+ballabstand+2*box_free_space;

rod_distance_absolut=ball_height_radius*2*rod_distance;

kistendicke=Thickness_of_box*scale;
kistenhoehe=ball_min_height_radius*2+stangenradius;
kisteninnenbreite=rod_distance_absolut*number_of_rods+2*box_free_space;
kisteninnenlaenge=stangenlaenge;

kistenlaenge=kisteninnenlaenge+2*kistendicke;
kistenbreite=kisteninnenbreite+2*kistendicke;

echo ("Length of Abacus: ",kistenlaenge);

module halberball()
{
	cylinder(h = ball_width_radius/2, r1 = ball_width_radius, r2 = ball_width_radius/2, center = false);
}

module ball()
{
	rotate([360/$fn/2,0,0])
		rotate([0,90,0])
			difference()
			{
				union()
				{
					halberball();
					mirror([0,0,1]) halberball();
				}

				cylinder(h = ball_width_radius*3, r = stangenradius+stangenluft,center=true);

				difference()
				{
					cylinder(h = ball_width_radius*3, r = ball_width_radius*2,center=true);
					cylinder(h = ball_width_radius*3, r = ball_height_radius,center=true);
				}
			}
}

module rod(n1,n2)
{
	number_of_balls = n1+n2+1;

	//kugeln
	translate([-(stangenlaenge-2*box_free_space)/2,0,0])
	{
		for (i = [0:number_of_balls-1])
		{
				translate([ball_width_radius/2+ballabstand+i*(ball_width_radius+ballabstand),0,0])
				if (i == n1)
				{
					translate([0,0,(kistenhoehe-ball_min_height_radius*2)/2])
						cube([kistendicke,rod_distance_absolut+2*kistendicke+2*box_free_space,kistenhoehe],center=true);
					//cube([kistendicke,rod_distance_absolut+.1,kistenhoehe],center=true);
				}
				else
					ball();
		}
	}

	//stange
	rotate([0,90,0])
		translate([0,0,-kistendicke/2-stangenlaenge/2])
			cylinder(h=stangenlaenge+kistendicke, r=stangenradius);
}

//----------------------------------

difference()
{
	union()
	{
		for (i=[0:number_of_rods-1])
		{
				translate([0,rod_distance_absolut*(i-number_of_rods/2+.5),0])
					rod(number_of_1_counters,number_of_5_counters);
		}

		//kiste
		translate([0,0,(kistenhoehe-ball_min_height_radius*2)/2])
		{
			difference()
			{
				cube([kistenlaenge,kistenbreite,kistenhoehe],center=true);
				cube([kisteninnenlaenge,kisteninnenbreite,kistenhoehe*2],center=true);

				translate([0,0,kistenhoehe/2+stangenradius])
					cube([kisteninnenlaenge-5,kisteninnenbreite*2,kistenhoehe],center=true);
				//translate([0,0,kistenhoehe/2+stangenradius])
				//	cube([kisteninnenlaenge*2,kisteninnenbreite-5,kistenhoehe],center=true);

				translate([0,kisteninnenbreite/4,kistenhoehe/2+stangenradius])
					cube([kisteninnenlaenge*2,kisteninnenbreite/2-5,kistenhoehe],center=true);
				translate([0,-kisteninnenbreite/4,kistenhoehe/2+stangenradius])
					cube([kisteninnenlaenge*2,kisteninnenbreite/2-5,kistenhoehe],center=true);

			}
		}
	}

	translate([0,0,-30/2-ball_min_height_radius+.1])
		cube([kisteninnenlaenge+2*kistendicke*2,kisteninnenbreite+2*kistendicke*2,30],center=true);
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to generate a parametric PCB spacer using OpenSCAD. I need it to be a simple cylinder with a hole through the center, basically a standoff.

I'd like the design to be fully parametric, allowing me to easily adjust the height, the inner radius (for the screw), and the outer radius of the spacer. Could you generate an OpenSCAD file for this? I'd prefer the file to be well-commented and easy to understand. It should be a single file, and not depend on any external libraries like MCAD, BOLTS, BOSL etc.

[Assistant]
pcb_spacer.scad:
```
height = 13;
inner_radius = 2;
outer_radius = 3;

difference() {
	cylinder(height, outer_radius, outer_radius, $fn=32);
	translate([0,0,-5]) cylinder(height + 10, inner_radius, inner_radius, $fn=32);
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a custom case for my INGA sensor node, and I need it to be parametric so I can easily adjust it for different INGA configurations and battery sizes in the future.

Essentially, the case consists of two parts: a top part that houses the INGA board and a bottom part that houses a battery. I'd like the design to be flexible enough to handle two different INGA configurations: one with the power connector on top and another with it on the bottom. The case should also be able to handle custom INGA board sizes should they ever be needed.

Here are the key parameters I'd like to control:

**INGA Configuration:**

*   `part`:  A string parameter to switch between "top" (power connector on top), "bottom" (power connector on bottom), and "custom" INGA sizes.

*   **For "top" INGA:**
    *   `top_inga_depth_board`: Thickness of the INGA circuit board.
    *   `top_inga_depth_top`: Overhead space above the circuit board.
    *   `top_inga_depth_bottom`: Overhead space below the circuit board.
*   **For "bottom" INGA:**
    *   `bottom_inga_depth_board`: Thickness of the INGA circuit board.
    *   `bottom_inga_depth_top`: Overhead space above the circuit board.
    *   `bottom_inga_depth_bottom`: Overhead space below the circuit board.
*   **For "custom" INGA:**
    *   `custom_inga_depth_board`: Thickness of the INGA circuit board.
    *   `custom_inga_depth_top`: Overhead space above the circuit board.
    *   `custom_inga_depth_bottom`: Overhead space below the circuit board.

**Component Sizes:**

*   `inga_width_raw`: Raw width of the INGA board.
*   `inga_height_raw`: Raw height of the INGA board.
*   `battery_width_raw`: Raw width of the battery.
*   `battery_height_raw`: Raw height of the battery.
*   `battery_depth_raw`: Raw depth of the battery.
*   `margin`: Safety margin around all components.

**Geometric Offsets:**

*   `inga_offset_x`: X offset of the top part.
*   `inga_offset_y`: Y offset of the top part.
*   `battery_offset_x`: X offset of the bottom part.
*   `battery_offset_y`: Y offset of the bottom part.
*   `button_x`: X offset of the button on the top part, relative to the INGA.
*   `button_y`: Y offset of the button on the top part, relative to the INGA.
*   `button_height`: Height of the button.
*   `button_pressing`: How much the button needs to be pressed.
*   `button_diameter`: Diameter of the button.
*   `button_distance`: Distance from the button to the button holder.
*   `button_walls`: Thickness of the button holder walls.
*   `button_pos`: Initial position of the button (should be 0 for printing).

**Enclosure Parameters:**

*   `enclosure_walls`: Thickness of the enclosure walls.
*   `enclosure_min_walls`: Minimum thickness of the enclosure walls.
*   `enclosure_distance`: Distance between parts of the enclosure.
*   `enclosure_radius`: Radius of the rounded edges.
*    `closer_diameter`: Diameter of the pin for the closing mechanism (a paperclip should work).
*    `closer_walls`: Wall thickness for the closing mechanism.

**Light Guide Locations:**

*   `light_guide_1_x`, `light_guide_1_y`,
*   `light_guide_2_x`, `light_guide_2_y`,
*   `light_guide_3_x`, `light_guide_3_y` : x and y coordinates for the light guides on the case.

The case should also include cutouts for a USB connector, a power switch, an SD card slot, and a hole for the button. The two parts should be connected with a hinge mechanism that uses a paperclip for a pin, and a closing mechanism on the opposite side with a simple clip.

I would like to avoid any hard-coded values that are not intended to be constants.

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file or set of files (depending on what makes the most sense) for this case? I don't need any special libraries other than the standard OpenSCAD library.

Also, it would be nice if all dimensions were in millimeters. I've included all of the dimensions in the above request in mm already.

[Assistant]
INGA_Laptop_Case.scad:
```
/* [INGA Type] */
part = "top"; // [top:INGA with power connector on top,bottom:INGA with power connector on bottom,custom:INGA with custom size]

/* [INGA Power on Top] */
// Thickness of the circuit board in mm
top_inga_depth_board = 1.8;
// Overhead on top of the circuit board in mm
top_inga_depth_top = 6;
// Overhead on bottom of the circuit board in mm
top_inga_depth_bottom = 1.8;

/* [INGA Power on Bottom] */
// Thickness of the circuit board in mm
bottom_inga_depth_board = 2;
// Overhead on top of the circuit board in mm
bottom_inga_depth_top = 4;
// Overhead on bottom of the circuit board in mm
bottom_inga_depth_bottom = 4.03;

/* [INGA Custom Size] */
// Thickness of the circuit board in mm
custom_inga_depth_board = 2;
// Overhead on top of the circuit board in mm
custom_inga_depth_top = 4;
// Overhead on bottom of the circuit board in mm
custom_inga_depth_bottom = 4.03;

inga_depth_board = (part == "top") ? top_inga_depth_board : (part == "bottom") ? bottom_inga_depth_board : custom_inga_depth_board;
inga_depth_top = (part == "top") ? top_inga_depth_top : (part == "bottom") ? bottom_inga_depth_top : custom_inga_depth_top;
inga_depth_bottom = (part == "top") ? top_inga_depth_bottom : (part == "bottom") ? bottom_inga_depth_bottom : custom_inga_depth_bottom;

/* [Component Sizes] */
// Width of INGA in mm
inga_width_raw = 50.4;
// Height of INGA in mm
inga_height_raw = 39.81;

// Width of Battery in mm
battery_width_raw = 49.6;
// Height of Battery in mm
battery_height_raw = 33.37;
// Depth of Battery in mm
battery_depth_raw = 6.22;

// Safety margin arround all components in mm
margin = 1;

/* [Geometric Offsets] */
// X Offset of top part in mm
inga_offset_x = 0;
// Y Offset of top part in mm
inga_offset_y = 70;
inga_width = inga_width_raw + margin;
inga_height = inga_height_raw + margin;

inga_depth = inga_depth_top + inga_depth_board + inga_depth_bottom + margin;

// X Offset of bottom part in mm
battery_offset_x = 0;
// Y Offset of bottom part in mm
battery_offset_y = 0;
battery_width = battery_width_raw + margin;
battery_height = battery_height_raw + margin;
battery_depth = battery_depth_raw + margin;

// X Offset of button relative to top part in mm
button_x = 45;
// Y Offset of button relative to top part in mm
button_y = 32;
button_height = inga_depth_top;
// How far shall the button be pressable in mm?
button_pressing = 2;
// Diameter of button im mm
button_diameter = 2.5;
// Distance to button-holder in mm
button_distance = .6;
// Thickness of button-holder walls in mm
button_walls = 1;
// Initial position of button in mm (should be 0 for printing!)
button_pos = 0;

/* [Enclosure Parameters] */
// Thickness of walls of enclosure in mm
enclosure_walls = 1;
// Minimum wall thickness of enclosure in mm
enclosure_min_walls = 0.75;
// Minimum wall thickness of enclosure in mm
enclosure_distance = 0.35;
enclosure_width = enclosure_walls + max(inga_width, battery_width) + enclosure_walls;
enclosure_height = enclosure_walls + max(inga_height, battery_height + 2) + enclosure_walls;
enclosure_depth = enclosure_walls + inga_height + battery_height + enclosure_walls;
// Radius of the rounded edges in mm
enclosure_radius = 1.5;

// Diameter of the closing pin (paperclip works)
closer_diameter = 1.5;
// Wall thickness for the closing mechanism
closer_walls = 2;

light_guide_1_x = enclosure_walls + inga_width - 8.8;
light_guide_1_y = enclosure_walls + inga_height - 4.2;
light_guide_2_x = enclosure_walls + inga_width - 8.8;
light_guide_2_y = enclosure_walls + 21.8;
light_guide_3_x = enclosure_walls + 8;
light_guide_3_y = enclosure_walls + 22;

$fn = 35;

module block(height, width, depth) {
	hull() {
		// Block
		translate([enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			cube([width - 2 * enclosure_radius, height - 2 * enclosure_radius, depth - enclosure_radius]);
		}

		// Round Corners
		translate([enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			cylinder(depth - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius);
		}
		translate([width - enclosure_radius, height - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			cylinder(depth - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius);
		}
		translate([enclosure_radius, height - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			cylinder(depth - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius);
		}
		translate([width - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			cylinder(depth - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius);
		}

		// Round lower edges
		translate([enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			rotate([0, 90, 0]) {
				cylinder(width - 2 * enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius);
			}
		}

		translate([enclosure_radius, height - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			rotate([0, 90, 0]) {
				cylinder(width - 2 * enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius);
			}
		}

		translate([enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			rotate([-90, 0, 0]) {
				cylinder(height - 2 * enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius);
			}
		}

		translate([width - enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius]) {
			rotate([-90, 0, 0]) {
				cylinder(height - 2 * enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius, enclosure_radius);
			}
		}
	}
}

module light_guide(height, width, depth) {
	difference() {
		cube([height, width, depth]);

		translate([enclosure_distance, enclosure_distance, -enclosure_walls / 2]) {
			cube([height - 2 * enclosure_distance, width - 2 * enclosure_distance, depth + 1]);
		}
	}
}

module mounter(height, length, diameter) {
	bore = diameter / 2;
	width = 2 * bore + closer_walls * 2;

	rotate(a=[0, 90, 0]) {
		difference() {
			union() {
				translate([-height, closer_walls + bore, 0]) {
					cylinder(length, bore + closer_walls, bore + closer_walls);
				}

				rotate(a=[0, -90, 0]) {
					polyhedron(points = [
							[0, -1, 0], [0, -1, height], [0, width, height],
							[length, -1, 0], [length, -1, height], [length, width, height],
						], triangles = [
							[2, 1, 0], [5, 3, 4],
							[0, 3, 2], [2, 3, 5],
							[3, 0, 1], [3, 1, 4],
							[1, 2, 4], [4, 2, 5],
						]
					);
				}
			}

			translate([-height, closer_walls + bore, -1]) {
				cylinder(length + 2, bore, bore);
			}
		}
	}
}

module closer(height, width, depth) {
	length = width - enclosure_distance;

	translate([0, enclosure_walls, 0]) {
		mirror([0, 1, 0]) {
			polyhedron(points = [
					[0, -0.2, 0], [0, -0.2, depth], [0, enclosure_walls * 2, depth],
					[length, -0.2, 0], [length, -0.2, depth], [length, enclosure_walls * 2, depth],
				], triangles = [
					[2, 1, 0], [5, 3, 4],
					[0, 3, 2], [2, 3, 5],
					[3, 0, 1], [3, 1, 4],
					[1, 2, 4], [4, 2, 5],
				]
			);
		}
	}

	translate([0, - enclosure_walls, depth]) {
		cube([length, enclosure_walls * 2, height]);
	}

	translate([0, enclosure_walls, depth + height - 1]) {
		cube([length, enclosure_distance / 2, 1]);
	}

	translate([- enclosure_distance, 0, depth + height - 2]) {
		cube([enclosure_distance, enclosure_walls, 1]);
	}

	translate([length, 0, depth + height - 2]) {
		cube([enclosure_distance, enclosure_walls, 1]);
	}
}

// Lower Part
translate([battery_offset_x, battery_offset_y, 0]) {
	difference() {
		union() {
			difference() {
				block(enclosure_height, enclosure_width, enclosure_walls + battery_depth);

				// Battery
				translate([enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls]) {
					cube([battery_width, battery_height, battery_depth + 1]);
				}
			}

			// Battery holders
			translate([enclosure_walls + battery_width - 1, enclosure_walls + battery_height - 5, enclosure_walls + battery_depth - 2]) {
				cube([1, 5, 2]);
			}

			translate([enclosure_walls + battery_width - 1, enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls + battery_depth - 2]) {
				cube([1, 5, 2]);
			}

			// Klappmechanismus
			translate([enclosure_width / 4 * 1 + enclosure_distance, enclosure_height + 0.5, enclosure_radius]) {
				mounter(enclosure_walls + battery_depth - enclosure_radius, enclosure_width / 2 - enclosure_distance * 2, closer_diameter);
			}

			// Schließmechanismus
			translate([enclosure_width / 2 - 10, -enclosure_walls, enclosure_radius]) {
				closer(6 - enclosure_radius, 10, enclosure_walls + battery_depth - 2);
			}

			// Inga Antenna Support
			translate([enclosure_walls + 3, enclosure_walls + battery_height, enclosure_walls + battery_depth]) {
				cube([battery_width - 10, enclosure_height - battery_height - enclosure_walls * 2 - 1, inga_depth - inga_depth_top - inga_depth_board - enclosure_distance]);
			}
		}

		// Battery cables
		translate([enclosure_walls + 5, enclosure_walls + battery_height - 1, enclosure_walls]) {
			cube([11, 3, battery_depth + inga_depth]);
		}
	}
}

// Upper Part
translate([inga_offset_x, inga_offset_y, 0]) {
	difference() {
		block(enclosure_height, enclosure_width, enclosure_walls + inga_depth);

		// INGA
		translate([enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls]) {
			cube([inga_width, inga_height, inga_depth + 1]);
		}

		// USB
		translate([- 1, enclosure_walls + 18, enclosure_walls + max(inga_depth_top - 4, 0)]) {
			cube([enclosure_walls + 2, 8.2, 5]);
		}

		// Switch
		translate([- 1, enclosure_walls + 30.5, enclosure_walls + max(inga_depth_top - 2, 0)]) {
			cube([enclosure_walls + 2, 5, 2.5]);
		}

		// Switch opening
		translate([-1, enclosure_walls + 28, enclosure_walls + max(inga_depth_top - 3.25, 0)]) {
			cube([min(enclosure_walls / 2, enclosure_walls - enclosure_min_walls) + 1, 10, 5]);
		}

		// SD Card Slot
		translate([enclosure_walls + 1, enclosure_walls + inga_height - 1, enclosure_walls + inga_depth_top + inga_depth_board - 0.2]) {
			cube([12.25 + margin, enclosure_walls + 2, 2]);
		}

		// INGA Button hole
		translate([button_x, button_y, -1]) {
			cylinder(enclosure_walls + 2, button_diameter + button_distance, button_diameter + button_distance);
		}

		// Cable Gap
		translate([enclosure_walls + inga_width - 1, 18, enclosure_walls]) {
			cube([1 + min(enclosure_walls / 2, enclosure_walls - enclosure_min_walls), 5, inga_depth + 1]);
		}

		// Light Guide thinner case
		translate([light_guide_1_x + enclosure_distance, light_guide_1_y + enclosure_distance, enclosure_distance]) {
			cube([4.5 - 2 * enclosure_distance, 4 - 2 * enclosure_distance, enclosure_walls]);
		}
		translate([light_guide_2_x + enclosure_distance, light_guide_2_y + enclosure_distance, enclosure_distance]) {
			cube([4.5 - 2 * enclosure_distance, 4 - 2 * enclosure_distance, enclosure_walls]);
		}
		translate([light_guide_3_x + enclosure_distance, light_guide_3_y + enclosure_distance, enclosure_distance]) {
			cube([4.5 - 2 * enclosure_distance, 4 - 2 * enclosure_distance, enclosure_walls]);
		}
	}

	// USB Support
	translate([enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls + 18, enclosure_walls]) {
		cube([enclosure_walls + 2, 9, max(inga_depth_top - 4, 0)]);
	}

	// Switch Support
	translate([enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls + 29.5, enclosure_walls]) {
		cube([3, 7, max(inga_depth_top - 1.5, 0)]);
	}

	// Klappmechanismus
	mirror([0, 1, 0]) {
		translate([enclosure_width / 4 * 0 + enclosure_radius, 0.5, enclosure_radius]) {
			mounter(enclosure_walls + inga_depth - enclosure_radius, enclosure_width / 4 - enclosure_radius, closer_diameter);
		}

		translate([enclosure_width / 4 * 3, 0.5, enclosure_radius]) {
			mounter(enclosure_walls + inga_depth - enclosure_radius, enclosure_width / 4 - enclosure_radius, closer_diameter);
		}
	}

	// Light Guides
	translate([light_guide_1_x, light_guide_1_y, enclosure_walls]) {
		light_guide(4.5, 4, inga_depth_top - 0.4);
	}
	translate([light_guide_2_x, light_guide_2_y, enclosure_walls]) {
		light_guide(4.5, 4, inga_depth_top - 0.4);
	}
	translate([light_guide_3_x, light_guide_3_y, enclosure_walls]) {
		light_guide(4.5, 4, inga_depth_top - 0.4);
	}

	union() {
		// Button
		translate([button_x, button_y, button_pos]) {
			cylinder(button_height + button_pressing - 1, button_diameter, button_diameter);
			cylinder(button_height + button_pressing, button_diameter, button_diameter / 2);
		}

		// Button Ring
		translate([button_x, button_y, button_pos + button_height + button_pressing - 2]) {
			cylinder(.75, button_diameter, button_diameter + button_distance + button_walls);
			translate([0, 0, 0.75]) {
				cylinder(0.25, button_diameter + button_distance + button_walls, button_diameter + button_distance + button_walls);
			}
		}
	}

	// Button Holder
	difference() {
		translate([button_x, button_y, enclosure_walls]) {
			cylinder(inga_depth_top - 1 - 1 - 0.5 - 1, button_diameter + button_distance + button_walls, button_diameter + button_distance + button_walls);
		}

		translate([button_x, button_y, 0]) {
			cylinder(20, button_diameter + button_distance, button_diameter + button_distance);
		}
	}

	// INGA Antenna support
	translate([enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls]) {
		cube([10, 14, inga_depth_top]);
	}
	translate([enclosure_walls + inga_width - 10, enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls]) {
		cube([10, 14, inga_depth_top]);
	}

	// INGA Antenna Festklemmer
	translate([enclosure_walls + inga_width - 10, enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls + inga_depth_top]) {
		cube([10, margin * 0.75, inga_depth_board]);
	}
	translate([enclosure_walls + inga_width - margin * 0.5, enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls + inga_depth_top]) {
		cube([margin * 0.5, 14, inga_depth_board]);
	}

	// INGA Holder near USB
	translate([enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls + inga_depth_top + inga_depth_board + enclosure_distance]) {
		cube([0.75, 14, min(1, inga_depth_bottom)]);
	}
	translate([enclosure_walls, enclosure_walls + inga_height - 14, enclosure_walls + inga_depth_top + inga_depth_board + enclosure_distance]) {
		cube([0.75, 14, min(1, inga_depth_bottom)]);
	}

	// INGA Holder near LED
	translate([enclosure_walls + inga_width - 7, enclosure_walls + inga_height - 1, enclosure_walls + inga_depth_top + inga_depth_board + enclosure_distance]) {
		cube([4, 1, 1]);
	}

	// INGA Logo Support
	translate([enclosure_walls + 30, enclosure_walls + 30, enclosure_walls]) {
		cylinder(inga_depth_top, 3, 3);
	}

	// INGA Holding Pin
//	translate([enclosure_walls + 47.5, enclosure_walls + 13.5, enclosure_walls]) {
//		cylinder(inga_depth, 0.75, 0.75);
//	}

	// Schließmechanismus
	translate([enclosure_width / 2, enclosure_height + enclosure_walls, enclosure_radius]) {
		mirror([0, 1, 0]) {
			closer(6 - enclosure_radius, 10, enclosure_walls + inga_depth - 2);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I need a pipe clamp designed in OpenSCAD. I'm aiming for something that can be easily customized for different pipe sizes and screw types. The basic idea is a clamp that holds a pipe against a flat surface, with screw holes to mount it.

Here are the key features I need:

*   **Parametric Pipe Diameter:** The design needs to be driven by a `pipe_d` parameter, which will be the outer diameter of the pipe it's meant to hold.
*   **Pipe Lift:** I'd like to be able to specify a `pipe_lift` parameter which dictates the distance the pipe is lifted from the mounting surface
*   **Screw Holes:** The clamp should have two screw holes for mounting, and these need to be parametric as well, including:
    *   `screw_d`: The screw thread diameter.
    *   `screwh_d`: The screw head diameter.
    *  `screw_trans`: The screw countersunk depth (I need to be able to make it flat head by setting this to 0).
*   **Mounting Base Thickness:** The thickness of the flat base that gets screwed to the surface needs a `base_thickness` parameter, but it should also be at least as thick as the `screw_trans` parameter.
*   **Clamp Structure Thickness:** The structural part of the clamp should be driven by a `mount_t` parameter.
*   **Support Wall:**  A parameter, `support_d`, which defaults to 0, could be useful. When set to a non-zero value it should build a small wall that spans the gap underneath the pipe, which helps when printing the clamp's bridging areas.
*   **Automatic Trust Width Calculation:** This is probably the most difficult part. Currently, I have a formula to calculate trust width based on `mount_t` and `mount_d`. However, I don't know if my calculation is entirely correct. I would like to generate the width of the structural supports using: `mount_w_trust =  mount_w - mount_d + 2*sqrt(pow(mount_d/2,2)-pow(mount_d/2-mount_t,2));`
*  **Automatic Mount Width Calculation:** I need to be able to generate the mount width using `mount_w = pipe_d + (mount_d + mount_t) * 2;` where `mount_d` is derived from `screwh_d` and `mount_t`.

I think that's everything I need. This should generate a fairly versatile pipe clamp design. I don't need any libraries. I would like each function to be placed within their own modules.

[Assistant]
uploads-79-2c-ff-a0-4b-mount.scad:
```

//The diameter of your pipe
pipe_d = 7.8;

//The lift your pipe from surface
pipe_lift = 5.6;

//Measurements for the screw

//Screw Thread Diameter
screw_d = 4.5;

//Screw Head Diameter
screwh_d = 8.2; //8.2

//Screw Coutersunk depth
screw_trans = 4;

//Generate support for the bridge
support_d = 0;

//Thickness of the base
base_thickness = 4;

//Thickness of the structure
mount_t = 1; //mount thickness

base_thick = max(base_thickness,screw_trans);

pipe_r = pipe_d/2;

mount_d = screwh_d + mount_t *2 + 2; //mount depth

mount_w = pipe_d + (mount_d + mount_t) * 2;  //mount wings width

mount_w_trust =  mount_w - mount_d + 2*sqrt(pow(mount_d/2,2)-pow(mount_d/2-mount_t,2));
    //mount trust width
echo( mount_w_trust);

pipe_rplus = pipe_r + mount_t;//outer pipe

$fn = 60;
module screw (){
	//head
	cylinder(h = 40, r = screwh_d/2, center=false);

	//transition

	translate([0,0, -screw_trans])
	cylinder(h = screw_trans, r2 = screwh_d/2, r1 = screw_d /2, center=false);

	//screw shaft
	translate([0, 0, -40- screw_trans])
	cylinder(h = 40, r = screw_d/2, center=false);

}

module trust(){

	//mount_w_trust = mount_w - 6;

	hull()
	{
		translate([0, 0, pipe_rplus + pipe_lift])
		rotate([-90, 0, 0])
		cylinder(r = pipe_rplus, h = mount_t, center=false);

		translate([-mount_w_trust/2, 0, 0])
		cube([mount_w_trust,mount_t,base_thick]);
	}
}

//Tunnel
module pipe(piper = pipe_r, heig = 20) {
	hull()
	{
		translate([0, 0, piper + pipe_lift])
		rotate([-90, 0, 0])
		cylinder(r = piper, h = heig, center=false);

		translate([-piper, 0, 0])
		cube([piper*2,heig,1]);
	}
}

module body_raw() {
	translate([-mount_w /2, 0, 0])
	cube([mount_w,mount_d , base_thick]);

	pipe(piper = pipe_rplus, heig = mount_d);

	trust();
	translate([0, mount_d- mount_t, 0])
	trust();
}

module body() {
	intersection() {
		body_raw();
		translate([-(mount_w -mount_d)/2, mount_d/2, 0])
		hull() {
			cylinder( h = pipe_rplus * 2+pipe_lift, r = mount_d/2, center=false);
			translate([mount_w-mount_d, 0, 0])
			cylinder( h = pipe_rplus * 2+pipe_lift, r = mount_d/2, center=false);
		}
	}
}

difference()
{
	body();

	//internal pipe
	translate([0, support_d,0])
	pipe(pipe_d/2,mount_d-support_d * 2);

	translate([pipe_rplus + mount_d/2, mount_d /2, base_thick])
	#screw();

	translate([-pipe_rplus - mount_d/2, mount_d /2, base_thick])
	#screw();
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a custom tolerance test generator in OpenSCAD. I'd like it to be based on a ring and stepped pins.

The idea is to have a ring with a customizable inner diameter and height. Then, adjacent to that ring, there should be a column with a series of pins. These pins would be like test-fits, each one getting progressively smaller, designed to be inserted into the ring. The reduction in size from pin to pin should be customizable, and the number of pins should also be adjustable.

I'm thinking we need the following customizable parameters:

*   `height`: The total height of the ring (and the height of the column of test pins), defaulting to 4. The step height on the test pin should be half of this value.
*   `holeID`: The inner diameter of the ring (and the target size of the test pin, defaulting to 5.
*   `offsetStep`: The difference in diameter between each successive pin on the column, specified in 1/100ths of a mm. For example, a value of 20 would mean each pin is 0.2mm smaller in diameter than the previous one. Defaulting to 20 would be good.
*   `steps`: The number of stepped pins, defaulting to 5.

I was thinking that the code could use `$fn` to control the circle accuracy, but that I wouldn't need to define it myself in the customizer. Let's say we set it to 100.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that would create this object? I don't need any fancy libraries to make this, just OpenSCAD primitives. Thanks!

[Assistant]
tolerance_steps.scad:
```
// configured for customizer

// Height of the test ring (steps on the column will be 1/2 this height)
height = 4;		// [4:10]

// Diameter of the inner hole (the target test size)
holeID = 5;		// [4:10]

// Difference between successive rings on the column (in 1/100 of a mm; 5 = 0.05 mm)
offsetStep = 20;		// [5:100]

// How many steps should there be on the column (beyond the full size ring at the bottom)
steps = 5;

// variables below here will not show up in the customizer

$fn=100 + 0; // How many slices should the circles have (circle accuracy)

radius = holeID / 2;
outerRadius = radius + max(2, radius/2);
halfHeight = height / 2;

difference()
{
	cylinder(r=outerRadius, h=height);
	translate([0,0,-1])
		cylinder(r=radius, h=height+2);
}

//color("red")
translate([0, outerRadius + radius + 2, 0])
{
	for (i = [0:steps])
	{
		translate([0,0,i*halfHeight])
			cylinder(r=radius - (i*(offsetStep/100)), h=halfHeight);
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking for a way to generate a design that's like a series of interlocked rings, almost like a gyroscope. I've got a rough idea, but I need it to be fully parametric and animated.

The basic idea is that each ring should be a sphere with another sphere cut out to give it a thickness. The rings should then be stacked along the z-axis, and also have their centers offset from the origin (I think this will be key to the animation). Each successive ring should be slightly smaller and rotated relative to the previous one.

Here's what I need for parameters:

*   **`Radius`**: The radius of the outermost ring.
*   **`Thickness`**: The thickness of each ring (how much to subtract from the sphere).
*   **`Height`**: The vertical height of each ring.
*   **`Spacing`**: The space between each ring.
*   **`N_Rings`**: The number of rings in the design.
*  **`Offset_Angle_Increment`**: The amount the rings rotate in the animated example. I can define this using `$t` and that should support animating the design by using `$t` (e.g. rotate = i * $t * 180).

I'd also like to make use of `$fn` for smooth circles, so that should be something I can control too.

The design needs to generate a complete OpenSCAD file or files with all the needed modules. I would prefer that it not rely on any external libraries unless necessary.

I imagine the core of it is a module `ring` that takes `radius`, `thickness`, and `height` and creates a ring at the origin on the z axis. And a second module `rings` that takes all the parameters (`radius`, `thickness`, `height`, `spacing`, `n`, and `offset_angle_increment`). This should loop using `for` to create all the rings by calling the module ring, decrement the radius by thickness + spacing, increment the z-position by height/2 on each loop, rotate, and return the design. The module `rings` should also define `$fn`.

[Assistant]
gyro.scad:
```
//Radius of outer ring
Radius = 20;
//thickness of each ring
Thickness = 3;
//height of each ring
Height = 10;
//spacing between rings
Spacing = 0.5;
// Number of Rings
N_Rings = 4;

module ring(radius,thickness,height) {
  difference() {
     sphere(radius,center=true);
     sphere(radius-thickness,center=true);
     translate([0,0,-Large/2-height/2]) cube(Large,center=true);
     translate([0,0,Large/2+height/2]) cube(Large,center=true);
  }

}

module rings(radius,thickness,height,spacing,n) {
 translate([0,0,height/2])
   for (i=[0:n-1])
      rotate([-i*$t*180,i*$t*180,0])
         ring(radius - (i-1)* (thickness+spacing),thickness,height);
}

Large=Radius * 4;
$fn=100;
$t=0.0;
rings (Radius,Thickness,Height,Spacing,N_Rings);
```