[User]
Hi, I'd like to design a parametric pencil holder in OpenSCAD, kind of like a hyperboloid shape, but with some specific requirements. I've seen some similar designs, but I need more control.

Essentially, it should have two concentric rings of pencil holders, and the layout should automatically adjust based on the pencil sizes and angles so they don't intersect.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I'm thinking of:

**Pencil Dimensions:**

*   `pl`: Pencil length. This will influence the height of the "waist" of the hyperboloid shape, and it should be possible to set it to a value longer or shorter than the actual pencils.
*   `pd`: Pencil hole diameter. This is the diameter of the hole where the pencil sits, not the pencil diameter itself (I will need to add some tolerance for the actual pencils).
*   `ppl`: Pencil point length. This sets how long the taper at the bottom of the hole should be. A value of 0 would mean flat-bottomed sockets.

**Ring Parameters:**

*   `np`: Number of pencils in the outer ring.
*   `aa`: Inclination angle of the outer ring pencils from vertical (in degrees). Positive values mean the tops are tilted clockwise from the bottoms.
*   `irnp`: Number of pencils in the inner ring. Set to 0 to omit the inner ring.
*   `iraa`: Inclination angle of the inner ring pencils from vertical (in degrees).
*   `irah`: Vertical offset of the inner ring. This is an additional height offset for the inner ring's bottom, which should default to 0 so both rings' tips are at the same height (or wall thickness above z=0).

**Socket and Wall Parameters:**

*   `sd`: Socket depth - or, to be precise, the depth of the cylindrical part of the socket, with a spherical end cap.
*   `wt`: Wall thickness. This should be consistent for all walls (sockets, peripheral wall, and base).
*   `pwh`: Peripheral wall height. I'd like the option to make this slightly shorter than the socket depth, or at the same level. If this is much larger than the socket depth, a horizontal top to the wall is created.

**Other Options:**

*   `obp`: Open bottom plate. A value of 0 would mean a closed bottom plate, and 1 would mean it's open (no bottom plate within the inner ring).

I'd also need the calculations to ensure that the pencils don't intersect at the "waist" or at any other location. I'm not sure how to do that, but the design should be such that pencils are spaced to ensure non-intersection. I'm aware that there may be some approximations to make calculations easier. It's also important that the top of the peripheral wall is inclined at the same angle as the sockets, and the cups should have rounded bottoms.

Finally, if it's not too much trouble, I'd also want a visual "fitout" option that, when enabled, would also display the pencils in place inside the holder. This would primarily be for visualization and not for printing, as it would intersect with the sockets.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD file(s) for this? I am not planning on using any libraries.

[Assistant]
hyperboloid.scad:
```
// **************************************************
// pencil holder
// set up to work on thingiverse customizer
// so some parameters are made calculations to prevent them showing
// e.g. y making them '2*1'
// **************************************************

// curve values
// set finer than default, calculated so customizer doesn't show them
$fa=6*1;
$fs=2*1;

// **************************************************
// general print / printer parameters
// **************************************************

// Show with pencils in place?
fitout=0; // [0:no pencils - printable,1:pencils in place - dont print]

// slice at limits and display only between limits
// to use this functionality uncomment here and
// at teh intersection command near top of main assembly
//min_x=-200;
//max_x=200;
//min_y=-200;
//max_y=200;
//min_z=0;
//max_z=300;

// **************************************************
// component and element dimensional parameters
// **************************************************

// pencil length (waist will be at half this length)
pl=175;

// pencil hole clearance diameter
pd=8;

// pencil point length (set about half true value, set to 0 to get flat-ended socket)
ppl=8;

// number of pencils in outer ring
np=16;

// inclination of an outer pencil from vertical (degrees)
aa=30;

// number of pencils in inner ring (set to 0 to suppress inner ring)
irnp=8;

// inclination of an inner pencil from vertical (degrees)
iraa=-15;

// additional vertical offset of inner ring
irah=0;

// depth of prismatic part of socket cups
sd=25;

// wall thickness of  cups
wt=1.3;

// height (above bottom of cup) of peripheral linking wall
pwh=23;

// number of segments in peripheral wall (make a multiple of np)
pwn=np*5;

// define if bottom is open
obp=0;  // [0:closed,1:open]

// **************************************************
// no more configuration parameters after this point
// **************************************************

// **************************************************
// pre-process values from specified parameters
// **************************************************

// radius of pencil
pr=pd/2;
echo(pr=pr);

// width of inclined pencil
piw = pd/cos(aa);
echo(piw=piw);

irpiw = pd/cos(iraa);
echo(irpiw=irpiw);

// one pencil subtends 360/np degrees
// half a pencil subtends 180/np degrees hence radius at waist
// note this is not precise, because it assumes that distance
// from centre of ellipse (ie horizontal slice thropugh pencil)
// to tangent point is equal to major radius
// this creates slight additional clearance at waist
wrad = 0.5*piw/sin(180/np);
echo(wrad=wrad);

irwrad=0.5*irpiw/sin(180/irnp);
echo(irwrad=irwrad);

// distance from waist to pencil end (ignoring pencil thickness)
whgt=0.5*pl*cos(aa);
echo(whgt=whgt);

irwhgt=0.5*pl*cos(iraa);
echo(irwhgt=irwhgt);

// level of socket end hemisphere centre
// this is when vertical, so same for all rings
ssphc=-pl/2+min(pr,ppl);
echo(ssphc=ssphc);

// at base, centreline of pencil is offset from radial line
// by ssphc*sin(aa)
// so base radius (to cl pencil)
brad=sqrt(wrad*wrad+ssphc*ssphc*sin(aa)*sin(aa));
echo(brad=brad);

irbrad=sqrt(irwrad*irwrad+ssphc*ssphc*sin(iraa)*sin(iraa));
echo(irbrad=irbrad);

// distance from waist to outer face of cap tip
w2cap=ssphc*cos(aa)-pr-wt;
echo(w2cap=w2cap);

irw2cap=ssphc*cos(iraa)-pr-wt;
echo(irw2cap=irw2cap);

// offset to bring bottom of pencils into line
irh=w2cap-irw2cap+irah;
echo(irh=irh);

// **************************************************
// functions and modules for components / elements
// **************************************************

// radius at given height (measured vertically) from waist
// of hyperboloid with waist radius w
function hyprad(h,waist=wrad) =
	sqrt(waist*waist+h*h*tan(aa)*tan(aa));

module pencil(){
	hull(){
		translate([0,0,ppl/2]) cylinder(pl-ppl,pr,pr,center=true);
		translate([0,0,-pl/2]) cylinder(ppl,0,pr);
	}
}

// **************************************************
// main assembly
// **************************************************

//	intersection() {
//		// this is envelope of part we want to diplay
//		translate([min_x,min_y,min_z]) cube([max_x-min_x,max_y-min_y,max_z-min_z]);
		// this is what we are actually creating
		translate([0,0,-w2cap]) union(){

			difference(){

				union(){
					// pencil cups
					for(n=[1:np]){
						// cylindrical section
						rotate([0,0,n/np*360]) translate([wrad,0,0]) rotate([aa,0,0])
							translate([0,0,ssphc]) cylinder(sd,pr+wt,pr+wt);
						// spherical end
						rotate([0,0,n/np*360]) translate([wrad,0,0]) rotate([aa,0,0])
							translate([0,0,ssphc]) sphere(pr+wt);
					}

					if (irnp) {
						for(n=[1:irnp]){
							// cylindrical section
							rotate([0,0,n/irnp*360]) translate([irwrad,0,irh]) rotate([iraa,0,0])
								translate([0,0,ssphc]) cylinder(sd,pr+wt,pr+wt);
							// spherical end
							rotate([0,0,n/irnp*360]) translate([irwrad,0,irh]) rotate([iraa,0,0])
								translate([0,0,ssphc]) sphere(pr+wt);
						}
					}

					// upper section of outer ring peripheral wall
					intersection(){
						// mask for periperal wall
						union(){
							for(n=[1:np]){
								// mask, top of which aligned with cup top surface
								rotate([0,0,n/np*360]) translate([wrad,0,0]) rotate([aa,0,0])
									translate([0,-2*pd,ssphc]) cube([3*pd,4*pd,pwh]);
							}
						}

						// peripheral wall
						union(){
							for(aaa=[0:360/pwn:360]){
								hull(){
									rotate([0,0,aaa]) translate([wrad,0,0]) rotate([aa,0,0])
										translate([0,0,ssphc]) cylinder(sd,wt/2,wt/2,$fn=4);
									rotate([0,0,aaa+360/pwn]) translate([wrad,0,0]) rotate([aa,0,0])
										translate([0,0,ssphc]) cylinder(sd,wt/2,wt/2,$fn=4);

								}
							}
						}
					}

					// upper section of inner ring peripheral wall
					if (irnp) {
						translate([0,0,irh]) intersection(){
							// mask for periperal wall
							union(){
								for(n=[1:irnp]){
									// mask, top of which aligned with cup top surface
									rotate([0,0,n/irnp*360]) translate([irwrad,0,0]) rotate([iraa,0,0])
										translate([0,-2*pd,ssphc]) cube([3*pd,4*pd,pwh]);
								}
							}

							// peripheral wall
							union(){
								for(aaa=[0:360/pwn:360]){
									hull(){
										rotate([0,0,aaa]) translate([irwrad,0,0]) rotate([iraa,0,0])
											translate([0,0,ssphc]) cylinder(sd,wt/2,wt/2,$fn=4);
										rotate([0,0,aaa+360/pwn]) translate([irwrad,0,0]) rotate([iraa,0,0])
											translate([0,0,ssphc]) cylinder(sd,wt/2,wt/2,$fn=4);

									}
								}
							}
						}
					}

					// bottom section of outer peripheral wall
					difference(){
						translate([0,0,w2cap]) cylinder(pr+wt,brad+wt/2,brad+wt/2);
						translate([0,0,w2cap-1]) cylinder(pr+wt+2,brad-wt/2,brad-wt/2);
					}
					translate([0,0,w2cap+pr+wt])
						rotate_extrude(){
							translate([brad,0,0]) circle(wt/2,$fn=8);
						}

					// bottom section of inner peripheral wall
					if (irnp) {
						difference(){
							translate([0,0,irw2cap+irh]) cylinder(pr+wt,irbrad+wt/2,irbrad+wt/2);
							translate([0,0,irw2cap+irh-1]) cylinder(pr+wt+2,irbrad-wt/2,irbrad-wt/2);
						}
						translate([0,0,irw2cap+pr+wt+irh])
							rotate_extrude(){
								translate([irbrad,0,0]) circle(wt/2,$fn=8);
							}
					}

					// bottom plate
					translate([0,0,w2cap]) difference(){
						cylinder(wt,brad+wt/2,brad+wt/2);
						if (obp) {
							if (irnp) {
								translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(wt+2,irbrad-wt/2,irbrad-wt/2);
							} else {
								// if open but no inner ring, use a nominal ring equal to a pencil width
								translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(wt+2,brad-pd,brad-pd);
							}
						}

					}

					// add pencils if fitout is defined
					if (fitout) {
						for(n=[1:np]){
							rotate([0,0,n/np*360]) translate([wrad,0,0]) rotate([aa,0,0])
								pencil();
						}

						if (irnp){
							for(n=[1:irnp]){
								rotate([0,0,n/irnp*360]) translate([irwrad,0,irh]) rotate([iraa,0,0])
									pencil();
							}
						}
					}

				}

				if (! fitout) {
					// pencils
					for(n=[1:np]){
						rotate([0,0,n/np*360]) translate([wrad,0,0]) rotate([aa,0,0])
							pencil();
					}

					if (irnp){
						for(n=[1:irnp]){
							rotate([0,0,n/irnp*360]) translate([irwrad,0,irh]) rotate([iraa,0,0])
								pencil();
						}
					}
				}

			}

		}
//	}

// **************************************************
// utility modules / functions
// **************************************************

// mirror all children, keeping source and mirrored
module mirrorplus(m=[1,0,0]){
	children();
	mirror(m) children();
}

// concatenate up to nine lists into one
function cat(L1,L2=[],L3=[],L4=[],L5=[],L6=[],L7=[],L8=[],L9=[]) =
	[for(L=[L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9], a=L) a];

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking for some help designing a wireless charger tray. I have a circular wireless charging pad, and I want to create a tray that will hold my phone in the correct position on the charger. I've seen a design similar to what I'm thinking, and I'd like to build something similar, but more customizable with parameters to adjust the dimensions and shape.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm looking for, it's very similar to the design described in the text:

**Basic Functionality:**

*   The tray should have a circular cutout in the center where the wireless charging pad sits.
*   It should have a raised wall around the perimeter of the tray, acting as a guide to keep the phone in place on top of the charging pad.
*   The tray needs an opening for the USB cable at the back.

**Key Parameters (that I'd like to be able to easily adjust):**

*   `chargerDiameter`: The diameter of my wireless charging pad.
*   `chargerHeight`: The height of the wireless charging pad.
*   `adapterWidth`: The width of the opening for the USB adapter at the rear.
*   `phoneDiagonal`: The diagonal measurement of my phone.
*   `roofThickness`: The thickness of the top surface of the tray (the bit the phone sits on).
*   `wallHeight`: The height of the wall that surrounds the phone.
*   `chamfer`: The size of the chamfer between the wall and the top surface.
*   `wallThickness`: The thickness of the wall.
*   `chamferSmall`: A small chamfer size (used in some corners).
*  `chamferBottom`: The size of the chamfer on the bottom edge of the tray.
*   `meshResolution`: The resolution for curved surfaces, the $fn parameter.

**Design Details:**

*   The tray should have a flat top surface (`roofThickness`) with a wall (`wallHeight`) around the outside edge to keep the phone from sliding off.
*   The wall should have a chamfered transition to the roof (`chamfer`).
*   The base should have a chamfered edge (`chamferBottom`) where the main body connects to the charging pad section.
* The cutout for the cable needs to be centered at the back of the design.

I'm thinking of using `rotate_extrude` and `linear_extrude` to make most of the geometry. I would like to be able to define profiles that are rotated to get the basic tray shape, and another to define the opening for the usb cable.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD file (or files) for this? I'd like to be able to customize the design based on those parameters. The provided description and parameterization should be sufficient to generate the complete model from scratch. No external libraries need to be included.

Thank you!

[Assistant]
Wireless_charger_tray_v2.scad:
```
/* Extension tray for wireless charging pad by Ryan Huang, written on 13/10/2019, Thingiverse ID: HeyVye
*/

//diameter of wireless charger
chargerDiameter = 85;

//height of wireless charger
chargerHeight = 15;

//width of USB adapter openning
adapterWidth = 15;

//diagonal of phone
phoneDiagonal = 172;

//roof thickness of extension pad
roofThickness = 1;

//height of wall
wallHeight = 5;

//chamfer size between wall and roof
chamfer = 2;

wallThickness = 3;

chamferSmall = 0.6;

chamferBottom = chargerHeight * 0.5;

meshResolution = 256;

$fn = meshResolution;

roofProfilePts = [
    [0,chargerHeight],
    [0,chargerHeight+roofThickness],
    [phoneDiagonal/2-min(chamfer,wallHeight-chamferSmall),chargerHeight+roofThickness],
    [phoneDiagonal/2,chargerHeight+roofThickness+min(chamfer,wallHeight-chamferSmall)],
    [phoneDiagonal/2,chargerHeight+roofThickness+wallHeight-chamferSmall],
    [phoneDiagonal/2+chamferSmall,chargerHeight+roofThickness+wallHeight],
    [phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness-chamferSmall,chargerHeight+roofThickness+wallHeight],
    [phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness-chamferSmall,chargerHeight+roofThickness+wallHeight],
    [phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness,chargerHeight+roofThickness+wallHeight-chamferSmall],
    [phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness,chargerHeight]
    ];
edgeProfilePts = [
    [phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness,chargerHeight],
    [phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness-chamferBottom,0],
    [chargerDiameter/2+chamferSmall,0],
    [chargerDiameter/2,chamferSmall],
    [chargerDiameter/2,chargerHeight]
    ];

cutoutPts = [
    [0,adapterWidth/2],
    [phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness+1,adapterWidth/2],
    [phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness+1,-adapterWidth/2],
    [0,-adapterWidth/2]
    ];

module roofMesh (){
    rotate_extrude(convexity = 10)
    polygon(roofProfilePts);
}

module edgeMesh (){
    difference (){
        rotate_extrude(convexity = 10)
        polygon(edgeProfilePts);
        cutoutMeshOutside ();
    }
}

module coreProfile (){
    difference (){
        circle(r = chargerDiameter/2+wallThickness);
        circle(r = chargerDiameter/2);
    }
}

module cutoutProfile (){
    intersection (){
    difference (){
        circle (r = phoneDiagonal/2+wallThickness);
        circle (r = chargerDiameter/2-wallThickness);
    }
    polygon(cutoutPts);
}
}

module cutoutMeshOutside (){
    linear_extrude (chargerHeight)
    cutoutProfile ();
}

union (){
    roofMesh ();
    edgeMesh ();
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable drawer insert that I can print in vase mode. It should be an open box with rounded corners, and the walls should be angled.

Here are the parameters I need to be able to control:

*   **`insertWidth`**: The width of the box.
*   **`insertDepth`**: The depth of the box.
*   **`insertHeight`**: The height of the box.
*   **`wallAngleTop`**: The angle of the top wall in degrees.
*  **`wallAngleRight`**: The angle of the right wall in degrees.
*   **`wallAngleLeft`**: The angle of the left wall in degrees.
*   **`wallAngleBottom`**: The angle of the bottom wall in degrees.
*   **`outerRadius`**: The radius of the rounded corners.

I need it to be a hull of spheres as it needs to print in vase mode. And I don't want a top to the box, so it needs to be open.

Can you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
Drawer_Insert_VaseMode.scad:
```
//User preferences:
//The Width of the insert in mm
insertWidth = 50;
//The Depth of the insert in mm
insertDepth = 100;
//The Height of the insert in mm
insertHeight = 35;

//The Angle of the insert wall in degrees - Top. Default=1
wallAngleTop = 1; //[0:.5:45]
//The Angle of the insert wall in degrees - Right. Default=1
wallAngleRight = 1; //[0:.5:45]
//The Angle of the insert wall in degrees - Left. Default=1
wallAngleLeft = 1; //[0:.5:45]
//The Angle of the insert wall in degrees - Bottom. Default=1
wallAngleBottom = 1; //[0:.5:45]

//The Outer Radius
outerRadius = 4; //[1:.1:10]

/* [Hidden] */
//Model Variables:
//preview[view:south, tilt:top]

sphereResolution = 100;
removeOffset = 0.1;

//Build;
buildRoundedBoxAngled(insertWidth, insertHeight, insertDepth, outerRadius, wallAngleTop, wallAngleRight, wallAngleLeft, wallAngleBottom);

module buildRoundedBoxAngled(width, height, depth, radius, angleTop, angleRight, angleLeft, angleBottom){
 hull() {
  // TRR -- TRT
  translate([(((width/2)-radius) -angleRight),(((depth/2)-radius) -angleTop),radius])
   sphere(r = radius, $fn=sphereResolution);
  // TLL .. TLT
  translate([-(((width/2)-radius) -angleLeft),(((depth/2)-radius) -angleTop),radius])
   sphere(r = radius, $fn=sphereResolution);
  // RBR.. RBB
  translate([(((width/2)-radius) -angleRight),-(((depth/2)-radius) -angleBottom),radius])
   sphere(r = radius, $fn=sphereResolution);
  //LBL .. LBB
  translate([-(((width/2)-radius) -angleLeft),-(((depth/2)-radius) -angleBottom),radius])
   sphere(r = radius, $fn=sphereResolution);

  difference(){
   hull() {
    translate([(((width/2)-radius)),((depth/2)-radius),height])
     sphere(r = radius, $fn=sphereResolution);
    translate([-(((width/2)-radius)),((depth/2)-radius),height])
     sphere(r = radius, $fn=sphereResolution);
    translate([(((width/2)-radius)),-((depth/2)-radius),height])
     sphere(r = radius, $fn=sphereResolution);
    translate([-(((width/2)-radius)),-((depth/2)-radius),height])
     sphere(r = radius, $fn=sphereResolution);
   }
   translate([0,0,height+radius])
    cube(size = [width*2, depth*2, radius*2], center = true);
  }
 }
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create some custom drill and tap holders that will fit into my Milwaukee bit cases and also into the slim packout bins I've got (I already have the stl files to 3D print those). I've seen a few designs online, but I need something parametric so I can easily adjust it for different tap and drill sizes. I'd like the holders to be designed in OpenSCAD, and I think I'll need a couple of files: one for the main holder itself and another for the spring mechanism for each bit.

Here's what I need for the main holder:
*   It should be a rectangular block with slots cut out to hold the drills and taps, so that they can be inserted from the top, and held by the spring mechanisms. I need to be able to specify the dimensions of the block for width, depth, and height.
*   The slots should be equally spaced. I should be able to specify the number of drill/tap sets I want, the diameters of each individual drill and tap, as well as the minimum spacing between slots.
*   There should be a global "fudge" factor that I can use to adjust the slot width to make it a bit larger than the bit diameter to ensure that the bits slide into the holes easily.
*   I also need to be able to specify a bottom thickness; this is the remaining material on the underside of the holder.
*   I also want to be able to add chamfers to the bottom of the edges.
*   The holder should have a pivot pin with a couple of semicircular catches on each end that allow it to snap into the case or bin. I'll need to be able to specify the diameter of the pivot pin and catch, the length of the pin, and the distance of the pin from the bottom of the holder.
*   Finally, I want to be able to add labels next to each set of drill and tap holes, and be able to adjust the font, size and indent of those labels.

For the spring mechanism, which should be a separate module within a file to keep it organized:
*   The spring itself should be a small cube attached to the side of each bit slot. The length of the spring will be the same as the rear_window_height (as described in the example file)
*   On the top of the cube will be a small cutout to give the spring a bit of flex.

I'd like to be able to specify all the important dimensions with parameters, so that they can easily be adjusted within OpenSCAD. I'm not planning on making anything very complicated with this.

I think I'll also need some helper functions. One that calculates the position of each slot, based on the slot number and the minimum spacing, and another function to create the spring cutout.

I don't need you to make any STL files, just the SCAD code. I also don't have any existing library dependencies, so you can assume you're starting from scratch.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
Milwaukee_case_drill_and_tap_holder_V3.scad:
```
/************** BEST VIEWED IN A CODE EDITOR 80 COLUMNS WIDE *******************
*
* Milwaukee Drill and Tap Holders
* Benjamen Johnson <workshop.electronsmith.com>
* 20191003
* Version 3
* openSCAD Version: 2019.05
*******************************************************************************/
/*[Drill and Tap Parameters]*/

//dummy parameter doesn't do anything but fix a bug in customizer
dummy = 1;

//Show text labels
show_labels = 1; //[0:no,1:yes]

//Number of drill and tap sets
num_sets = 5; //[3:6]

// First Drill and Tap
label1 = " M7";
tap1 = 6.4;
drill1 = 6;

// Second Drill and Tap
label2 = " M6";
tap2 = 6.4;
drill2 = 5;

// Third Drill and Tap
label3 = "M5";
tap3 = 4.9;
drill3 = 4.2;

// Forth Drill and Tap
label4 = "M4";
tap4 =  4.3;
drill4 =  3.3;

// Fifth Drill and Tap
label5 = "M3";
tap5 = 3.6;
drill5 = 2.5;

// Sixth Drill and Tap
label6 = "";
tap6 = 0;
drill6 = 0;

//adjustment for tap and drill fit
fudge = 1.05;

// distance between holes
min_spacing = 2.9;

/*[Hidden]*/
// array of drill and tap sizes
slots = [tap1,drill1, tap2,drill2, tap3,drill3, tap4,drill4, tap5,drill5, tap6, drill6];
num_keys = num_sets*2;
labels = [str(label1),str(label2),str(label3),str(label4),str(label5),str(label6)];
num_labels = num_sets;

/*[Holder Parameters]*/
/*******************************************************************************
*    /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\  < ---- bits
*   -------------------------------  --
*  |                               |  body_height
*  |                               |
*   -------------------------------  --
*  |< ------- body_width --------->|
*   -------------------------------  --
*  | X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  |  body_depth
*   -------------------------------  --
*
*  || <- min_spacing
*   -----------
*  | --- | --- | --
*  ||   |||   ||  slot_width
*  | --- | --- | --
*   -----------
*         |   | <- slot_length (I know these seem backward in 2D)
*
*******************************************************************************/

// width of the holder body
body_width = 82.5; // 82.5

// depth of holder
body_depth = 11; // 11

// height of holder
body_height = 30;

// width of the bit slot (front to back)
slot_width = slots*fudge;

// length of the bit slot (side to side)
slot_length= slot_width;

// how much material to leave at the bottom of the bit slots
bottom_thickness = 12;

// how much to chamfer the ends
bottom_chamfer = 5;

/*[Case Connector Parameters]*/
/*******************************************************************************
*     -------------------------------
*   -| X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  |-
*     -------------------------------
*  | <------ total_pin_length -------->|
*
*             -------
*        --  |---O---|  o <- pin_dia (diamter of pivot pin)
* pin_height |   |   |
*            |   |   |    <- catch_dia (diameter of the semicircular catches)
*        --   -------
******************************************************************************/
// Length of cylinder passing through the holder that it rotates on
total_pin_length = 88; // 88

// diameter of the above cylinder
pin_dia = 4.5; // 4.5

// diameter of the semicircular catches
catch_dia = 2.5;

// pin distance from the bottom of holder;
pin_height = 10;

// add a slight offset to cuts to make model render properly
render_offset = 0.01; //0.005

/*[Font Options]*/
// which font do you want to use
font = "REGISTRATION PLATE UK:style=Bold";

// How big you want the text
font_size = 6;

// how much to indent the text at each set
indent = 1;

/*[Hidden]*/
window_depth = 2.5;
front_window_height = 10;
rear_window_height = 10;

spring_width = 5;
spring_thickness = 2;
spring_length = rear_window_height;
spring_z_pos = -(body_height-spring_length)/2+bottom_thickness+0.5;

detent_dia = 4;
detent_pos = -(spring_length-detent_dia)/2;

pin_pos = - body_height/2+pin_height;

rotate([-90,0,0])
color("red")union(){
    difference(){
        // make the basic holder
        MilwaukeeHolder();

        // cut the slots for the bits
        for(x=[0:1:num_keys-1]){
            translate([-(body_width-(slot_length[x]))/2+spacing(x)+1,0,1])cube([slot_length[x],slot_width[x],body_height], center=true);

            translate([-(body_width-(slot_length[x]))/2+spacing(x)+1,-(body_depth)/2,-(body_height-front_window_height)/2-render_offset+bottom_thickness])cube([slot_length[x]+min_spacing+render_offset,(body_depth-slot_width[x])+render_offset,front_window_height],center=true);

            translate([-(body_width-(slot_length[x]))/2+spacing(x)+1,(body_depth)/2,-(body_height-front_window_height)/2-render_offset+bottom_thickness])cube([slot_length[x]+ min_spacing+render_offset,(body_depth-slot_width[x])+render_offset,front_window_height],center=true);
        } // end for

    }//end difference
            for(x=[0:1:num_keys-1])
            translate([-(body_width-(slot_length[x]))/2+spacing(x)+1 ,(slot_width[x]+spring_thickness)/2,spring_z_pos])spring(x);

}// end union

if(show_labels){
    for(x=[0:1:num_labels-1]){
        color("white")
        translate([-body_width/2+indent+spacing(x*2),8,body_depth/2])
        linear_extrude(height = 0.6)
            text(text = str(labels[x]), font = font, size = font_size);
    }//end for
} //end if
function spacing(n) = (n==0) ? min_spacing : spacing(n-1)+slot_length[n-1]+min_spacing;

module spring(x=1){
    cube([slot_width[x],spring_thickness,spring_length], center=true);
    translate([0,-spring_thickness/2+slot_width[x]/8,-spring_length/2+slot_width[x]/4])
    difference(){
        sphere(d=slot_width[x]/2, center=true,$fn=50);
        translate([0,slot_width[x]/4 ,0])cube(slot_width[x]/2,center = true);
    }
}

module MilwaukeeHolder(){

    // calculate where to put the pin
    pin_pos = - body_height/2+pin_height;

    difference(){
        union(){
            // Form the main body
            cube([body_width,body_depth,body_height],center = true);

            // form the pivot pins
            translate([0,0,pin_pos])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(d=pin_dia,h=total_pin_length,center=true,$fn=50);

            //form the horizontal catches
            translate([body_width/2,0,pin_pos])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(d=catch_dia,h=body_depth,center=true,$fn=50);
            translate([-body_width/2,0,pin_pos])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(d=catch_dia,h=body_depth,center=true,$fn=50);

            //form the vertical catches
            translate([body_width/2,0,0])rotate([0,0,0])cylinder(d=catch_dia,h=body_height,center=true,$fn=50);
            translate([-body_width/2,0,0])rotate([0,0,0])cylinder(d=catch_dia,h=body_height,center=true,$fn=50);
        } // end union

        //cut off bottom corners
        translate([(body_width+catch_dia)/2,0,-body_height/2])rotate([0,45,0])cube([bottom_chamfer,body_depth+render_offset,bottom_chamfer],center=true);
        translate([-(body_width+catch_dia)/2,0,-body_height/2])rotate([0,45,0])cube([bottom_chamfer,body_depth+render_offset,bottom_chamfer],center=true);
        translate([0,-body_depth/2,-body_height/2])rotate([45,0,0])cube([body_width+render_offset, bottom_chamfer ,bottom_chamfer],center=true);
        translate([0,body_depth/2,-body_height/2])rotate([45,0,0])cube([body_width+render_offset, bottom_chamfer ,bottom_chamfer],center=true);

    }//end difference
} // end module
```


[User]
I need a design for a handlebar extension for my bicycle. I've got a front light with a battery pack that I'd like to mount, but my handlebars are already full. I'm thinking of attaching an extension to the vertical tube that connects the handlebars to the rest of the bike frame.

Here's what I need:

*   **Mounting to Vertical Tube:** The extension needs to clamp onto the vertical tube. I want a design that uses a split clamp, so it can be tightened around the tube. The clamp should be designed to hold securely.
*   **Extension Rod:** A rod needs to extend outwards from the clamp, creating the extra mounting area. This rod should be sturdy enough to hold the weight of the light and battery.
*   **Parametric Design:** I want to be able to adjust the key dimensions in the design easily with parameters in OpenSCAD. That means things like the diameter of the vertical tube it clamps onto, the diameter of the extension rod, the length of the extension, and the width of the clamp.
*   **Fasteners:** I plan to use two M4 screws and self-locking nuts to hold the clamp together. Please incorporate screw holes for these. The screw holes should accommodate the M4 nuts on the side opposite the screw heads, with a recessed design to keep the nuts flush with the surface.
*   **Cable Tie Provision:** In addition to the screw clamp, there should be some provision for a cable tie. Maybe a channel where a cable tie could be pulled and tightened down to keep the clamp secure.
*   **OpenSCAD Files:** The design should be created in one or more OpenSCAD file(s), or if needed use a library.

My specific dimensions are as follows, but I need these to be parameters:
    *   Diameter of the vertical tube: 35mm
    *   Diameter of the extension rod: 26mm
    *   Length of the extension rod: 50mm
    *   Distance between the tube and the extension start: 30mm

Also, I’d like the clamp to have a wall thickness of about 5mm. I think having a cable tie channel about 4.5mm wide would also be good.

I think the ideal design would be a two-piece clamp design, mirroring each other, for easier assembly. I'm hoping you can provide the complete parametric design in OpenSCAD. I don’t need a rendering, I’ll generate my own.

[Assistant]
Fahrrad-Lenker-Erweiterung.scad:
```
// -----------------------------------------------------
// Fahrrad-Lenker-Erweiterung
//   (zwecks Befestigung eines Akku-Frontstrahlers)
//
//  Detlev Ahlgrimm, 13.10.2019
// -----------------------------------------------------

// Durchmesser des Befestigungs-Rohrs
d1=35;

// Durchmesser der Lenker-Erweiterung
d2=26;

// Abstand Befestigungs-Rohr zu Lenker-Erweiterung
lv=30;

// Laenge der Lenker-Erweiterung
lq=50;

// Wandstaerke des Klemm-Elementes
ws=5;

// Breite des Kabelbinders
bk=4.5;

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=100;
h=2*bk+4;

// -----------------------------------------------------
//  wie cube() - nur abgerundet gemaess "r"
// -----------------------------------------------------
module cubeR(v, r=1) {
  assert(r<=v.x/2 && r<=v.y/2 && r<=v.z/2);   // Requires version "nightly build"
  hull() {
    translate([    r,     r,     r]) sphere(r=r);
    translate([v.x-r,     r,     r]) sphere(r=r);
    translate([    r, v.y-r,     r]) sphere(r=r);
    translate([v.x-r, v.y-r,     r]) sphere(r=r);

    translate([    r,     r, v.z-r]) sphere(r=r);
    translate([v.x-r,     r, v.z-r]) sphere(r=r);
    translate([    r, v.y-r, v.z-r]) sphere(r=r);
    translate([v.x-r, v.y-r, v.z-r]) sphere(r=r);
  }
}

// -----------------------------------------------------
//  lg : Laenge Gewinde
//  lm : Laenge Mutter
// -----------------------------------------------------
module SchraubeM4(lg=20, lm=3.1) {
  union() {
    cylinder(r=4.2, h=lm, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, lm-0.1]) cylinder(d=4.5, h=lg+0.1);
  }
}

// -----------------------------------------------------
//  Version 1
// -----------------------------------------------------
module theThingV1() {
  difference() {
    union() {
      cylinder(d1=d1+2*ws-4, d2=d1+2*ws, h=2);                                // 3x Klemm-Element
      translate([0, 0, 2]) cylinder(d=d1+2*ws, h=h-4);
      translate([0, 0, h-2]) cylinder(d2=d1+2*ws-4, d1=d1+2*ws, h=2);

      translate([d1/2-5, -10, 0]) cubeR([lv+5, 20, d2/2*sqrt(3)], 3);         // Abstands-Element
    }
    translate([0, 0, -0.1]) cylinder(d=d1, d2+0.2);                           // Platz fuer das Befestigungs-Rohr schaffen
    translate([d1/3, 0, -0.1]) rotate([0, 0, 90+45]) cube([d1, d1, h+0.2]);   // Klemm-Element oeffnen

    translate([0, 0, h/2-bk/2]) difference() {                                // Fuehrung fuer den Kabelbinder
      cylinder(d=d1+2*ws+4, h=bk+3);
      translate([0, 0, -0.1]) cylinder(d=d1+2*ws-2, h=bk+0.2);
      translate([0, 0, bk]) cylinder(d1=d1+2*ws-2, d2=d1+2*ws+10, h=6.1);
      translate([0, -10, bk]) cube([d1, 20, 6.1]);
    }
  }

  translate([d1/2+lv, 0, d2/2*sqrt(3)/2]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) hull() {         // Lenker-Erweiterung
    scale([1, 1, 0.5]) sphere(d=d2, $fn=6);
    translate([0, 0, lq+10]) scale([1, 1, 0.5]) sphere(d=d2, $fn=6);
  }
}
*mirror([0, 1, 0]) theThingV1();

// -----------------------------------------------------
//  die um d1/2 verlaengerte Lenker-Erweiterung
// -----------------------------------------------------
module LenkerErweiterung() {
  difference() {
    rotate_extrude() translate([d2/2+0.1, 0, 0]) circle(d=d2);
    translate([-d2-0.1, -d2-0.1, -d2/2-0.1]) cube([2*d2+0.2, d2+0.099, d2+0.2]);
    translate([0.01, -0.1, -d2/2-0.1]) cube([d2+0.1, d2+0.2, d2+0.2]);
  }
  translate([0, d2/2+0.1, 0]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(d=d2, h=lq);
  translate([lq, d2/2+0.1, 0]) sphere(d=d2);
  translate([-d2/2-0.1, 0, 0]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(d=d2, h=lv+d1/2);
}
*translate([d2/2+0.1, lv-0.1, d2/2-1]) LenkerErweiterung();

// -----------------------------------------------------
//  Version 2
// -----------------------------------------------------
module theThingV2() {
  difference() {
    union() {
      cylinder(d1=d1+2*ws-4, d2=d1+2*ws, h=2);                                // 3x Klemm-Element
      translate([0, 0, 2]) cylinder(d=d1+2*ws, h=h-4);
      translate([0, 0, h-2]) cylinder(d2=d1+2*ws-4, d1=d1+2*ws, h=2);

      difference() {
        translate([d2/2+0.1, lv+d1/2-0.1, d2/2-1]) LenkerErweiterung();       // Lenker-Erweiterung
        translate([-10, -0.2, -1.1]) cube([d2+lq+10, d2/2+d1/2+lv+10, 1.1]);  // unten etwas abgeflacht
      }
    }
    translate([0, 0, -0.1]) cylinder(d=d1, d2+0.2);                           // Platz fuer das Befestigungs-Rohr schaffen
  }
  for(m=[0, 1]) mirror([m, 0, 0])
  difference() {
    union() {
      translate([d1/2, -7, 0]) cube([10, 14, h]);
      translate([d1/2+10, -7, h/2]) rotate([-90, 0, 0]) cylinder(d=h, h=14);
    }
    translate([d1/2+10, 7.1, h/2]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) SchraubeM4();
  }
}

difference() {
  theThingV2();
  translate([-d1, -1, -0.1]) cube([2*d1, 2, h+0.2]);
}

*mirror([1, 0, 0]) difference() {
  theThingV2();
  translate([-d1, -1, -0.1]) cube([2*d1, 2, h+0.2]);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a parametric hex bit holder designed in OpenSCAD. I've seen one that's a circular base with hex bit slots arranged in a grid, and that's pretty much what I need, but I'd like to be able to adjust a few things.

Specifically, I want to control:

*   The overall diameter of the circular base.
*   The size of the hex bit holes (like, if I'm using standard 1/4" bits, I need a 6.35mm size).
*   The overall height of the holder.
*   The spacing (padding) between each hex bit slot.
*   A tolerance value, because my printer tends to over or undersize things a little, so I need to adjust the hole dimensions.
*   A toggle to make the holes go all the way through the base, or not.
*   A toggle to add a flex slot cut into each hex bit opening, to add a little flex and allow for easier bit insertion.

I think that's it. Could you generate the necessary SCAD files for this, please? It'd be amazing if all the measurements were in millimeters. Oh, and please ensure the final object is centered, with the origin at the very center of the circular base. I don't need any libraries, all vanilla OpenSCAD should work fine.

[Assistant]
CircularHexBitHolder.scad:
```
/**
	Customisable hex bit holder
	Copyring Mykhaylo Lytvynyuk October 2019
	http://mobilemodding.info
	Released under
	Attribution - Non-Commercial - No Derivatives License

	*** October 16, 2019 Initial Version
*/

// Diameter of the holder, mm
_diameter = 126;

// inside diameter of the HEX hole, mm
_bitSize = 6.35;

// Height of the holder, mm
_height = 10;

// Padding between HEX slots, mm
_padding = 2;

// Extra padding to take in account termal expansion/contaction of the material and printer precision, mm
_tolerance = 0.8;

// Make hole completely through
_holeThrough = 1;//[1:Yes,0:No]

// Make slot to add flex to the walls ( slot height is 75% of the height parameter )
_slotted = 1;//[1:Yes,0:No]

// Calculate outter radius of the hex bit slot based on in-radius (or hex bit size/2) and number of sides
outerRadius = outRadius(_bitSize + _tolerance,6);

/* center */
x1 = 0;
y1 = 0;
z1 = 0;

// Precalculate values
outer_diameter = outerRadius * 2;
_row = floor (_diameter  / (outer_diameter + _padding));
_col = floor (_diameter  / (outer_diameter + _padding));

// Calculate width and height of the grid
gridWidth = _row * (outer_diameter + _padding);
gridHeight = _col * (outer_diameter + _padding);

// Calculate starting point of row/col grid
originX = gridWidth / -2;
originY = gridHeight / -2;

// This is complete width/height of the slot + padding
delta = outer_diameter + _padding;

// Put all together
module assembly() {
difference() {

	base();
	for(yd = [1:_row]) {
		for(xd = [1:_col]) {
            x = originX + (xd * delta)-(delta/2);
            y = originY + (yd * delta)-(delta/2);
			if(false || inside (x,y) <= (_diameter / 2 - delta /2)) {
                translate([x, y, _holeThrough?0:1]) hexBit();
            }
		}
	}
}
}

// Hex bit slot
module hexBit() {
    translate([0,0,_height/2]) {
        cylinder(h=_height,r = outerRadius ,$fn=6, center = true);
        translate([0,0,_height - _height*0.75]) cube([gridWidth + 4, 2 , _height*0.75], center = true);
    }
};

// Circular base
module base() {
     color("red") cylinder(r = _diameter /2, h = _height , $fn=128, center = false);
}

// Calculates outradius (half long diagonal) by given inradius (half short diagonal) of the hexagon
function outRadius(smallDiagonal, sides) = smallDiagonal * sin(30)/sin(120);

// returns distance between centers of 2 circles
function inside(x,y) = abs( sqrt( pow((x-x1),2) + pow((y-y1),2)));

assembly();
```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric crystal generator in OpenSCAD, similar to the one I've seen on Thingiverse, but with some more control and flexibility. I need it to produce a cluster of crystal-like shapes growing from a base.

The base should be a semi-sphere, and I need to control the radius of the base and how many sides it has. This base will act as the foundation upon which the crystals will grow.

For the crystals themselves, I'd like to be able to control:

*   **Randomization:** I want the option to either use a consistent number of sides for all the crystals or randomize the number of sides for each crystal. If randomized, I need to set a maximum number of sides. The minimum is always 3.
*   **Crystal Count:** I need to specify how many crystals are generated.
*   **Proportions:** I also need to control the relative radius of the crystal at its base, the radius of its body, and the radius of the crystal's tip, all as percentages of a base radius.  I also need to control the relative length of the crystal's tip, again as a percentage of a base length.

Essentially, I want to be able to tweak all the dimensions, both of the base and the crystals, and have them interact in a way that allows me to generate different crystal formations. I want all of these settings to be parameters I can set in OpenSCAD.

I do not need to use any external libraries, such as MCAD, BOSL, etc.

[Assistant]
parametrized_crystal_generator.scad:
```
/*
Random crystal generator for Thingiverse Customizer
by Fernando Jerez 2016

Ugraded by Teevax 01-2017

Refactored and fully parametrized by Kraplax 2019-10

*/

/* [Crystals' Base] */
// The width of the base to grow crystals on
base_radius = 10; // [8:0.5:20]

// Number of facets of base to grow crystals on
base_sides = 10; // [5:1:50]

/* [Crystals] */
// Whether to generate crystals of same sides count or randomize
randomize_crystal_sides = false; // [false: Same, true: Random]

// How many sides/facets for crystals (if randomized, used as max facets, 3 being as minimum random value)
crystal_sides = 6; // [3:1:10]

// How many crystals to grow
crystals_count = 50; // [10:1:50]

// Cofficient to modify crystal radius at it's base
base_radius_percents = 100; // [1:1:200]

// Cofficient to modify crystal's body radius
body_radius_percents = 100; // [1:1:200]

// Cofficient to modify crystal's tip radius
tip_radius_percents = 100; // [1:1:200]

// Cofficient to modify crystal's tip length
tip_length_percents = 100; // [1:1:200]

/* [Hidden] */
base_radius_coefficient = base_radius_percents / 100;
body_radius_coefficient = body_radius_percents / 100;
tip_radius_coefficient = tip_radius_percents / 100;
tip_length_coefficient = tip_length_percents / 100;

crystalrock();

module crystalrock(){
    union(){
        semisphere(base_radius,$fn=base_sides);
        for(i=[1:crystals_count]){
            maxAngleX = 70;
            maxAngleY = 50;
            g1 = rands(-maxAngleX, maxAngleX, 1)[0];
            g2 = rands(-maxAngleY, maxAngleY, 1)[0];

            sidesCount = crystal_sides;
            if (randomize_crystal_sides) {
                sidesCount = rands(3, crystal_sides);
            }
            bottomRadius = rands(1, 3, 1)[0] * base_radius_coefficient;
            widestRadius = rands(1.1, 1.6, 1)[0] * bottomRadius * body_radius_coefficient;
            tipRadius = rands(0, 0.5, 1)[0] * widestRadius * tip_radius_coefficient;
            baseLength = bottomRadius
                * rands(1, 2, 1)[0]
                * 5
                * (0.5 + pow((abs(cos(g1) * cos(g2))), 4));
            tipLength = rands(0.05, 0.3, 1)[0] * baseLength * tip_length_coefficient;

            translate([0, 0, bottomRadius])
            rotate([g1, g2, 0])
            crystal(sidesCount, bottomRadius, widestRadius, tipRadius, baseLength, tipLength);
        }
    }
}

module crystal(sidesCount, bottomRadius, widestRadius, tipRadius, baseLength, tipLength) {
    cylinder(r1=bottomRadius, r2=widestRadius, h=baseLength, $fn=sidesCount);
    translate([0, 0, baseLength])
    cylinder(r1=widestRadius, r2=tipRadius, h=tipLength, $fn=sidesCount);

}

module semisphere(r) {
    difference(){
        sphere(r);
        translate([0,0,-r]) cube([2*r, 2*r, 2*r], center = true);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric angled rail riser for paintball markers, kind of like a combination of a few existing designs but with more flexibility. I've been messing around with some code, but I think a proper parametric version would be much better.

Basically, I need a rail that angles upwards to compensate for bullet drop at range, specifically for paintball but could be useful for airsoft. The key thing is that the angle needs to be adjustable, as well as the overall length. I need this in OpenSCAD, and the output should be printable.

Here’s a breakdown of what I’m looking for:

*   **Rail segments:** I'd like the rail to be made of segments, like in the `rail` module, where each segment is a small piece of the overall rail. I need the number of segments to be adjustable so the length is also adjustable. So, it needs a `segments` parameter.
*   **Angle:** I need a parameter to control the angle of the rail. Let’s call it `degree`. I want the whole rail to be angled up, and then the mounts should be placed at the very end of that rail, not vertically above the starting point. The `spacer` module gives the idea of the calculation, but I need it to be more flexible so I can move the mounts along the riser to fit it better.
*   **Mounts:** The mounts should be similar to what I have in the `mountblock` module with a few modifications. I still need to have the mount rails, and space for mounting hardware like bolts and nuts (M5). The mounts should be attachable at *any* position along the rail, and I need at least two per design, that can be configured independently and optionally. I may need to change the mount's dimensions to fit different devices on top of the rail, so it should have configurable height, width, length via parameters: `holder_len`, `holder_height`, `holder_width`. The mounting hardware cutout should be configurable: `bolt_dia`, `nut_dia` and `nut_depth`. I also want to be able to configure the mount rail’s offset so it's not always flush with the mount’s bottom, using a `rail_offset` parameter.
*   **Mount Rail Profile:** the rail profile in module `mountrailprofile` is great. I think the profile of the rail itself (in the module `railprofile`) needs to be consistent to avoid any compatibility issues. The `gap` parameter should be configurable.
*  **Corner Cut:** The corner cut is in the `cornercut` module, it's just a 45-degree triangle, and it works great. I need to keep that.
*   **Bolt Holes:**  The bolt holes need to be customizable, so, the `bolt_dia`, `nut_dia`, `nut_depth` parameters.

I'd like to be able to generate a riser of a given length, angle, and with mounts at a specific positions. All of these need to be parametric. For the position of the mount, i'm thinking of a list of positions as in `mount_positions = [30, 90]`. These are relative to a zero point at the beginning of the rail. The mounts must adjust automatically to account for the rail's angle.

Please do not use any external libraries.

Also, it would be great if you could create a couple of example outputs with two different configurations:

1.  A short rail with a 2-degree angle, two mounts 40 and 80mm from the start of the rail, and 5 segments
2.  A long rail with a 4-degree angle, two mounts 50 and 130mm from the start of the rail, and 12 segments

This should be a good starting point; let me know if you need any more info. I think the main thing is to build a flexible base that I can build on.

[Assistant]
HHA_Optimizer_Rail.scad:
```
segments        = 12;
laenge          = 10.0076 * (0.5 + segments);
degree          = 3;
gap             = 1.2;
holder_len      = 30;
holder_height   = 10;
holder_width    = 30;

HHA_Riser();

module spacer()
{
    beta = (-degree)+90;
    b = laenge;
    c = b / sin(beta);
    a = sqrt(-(b*b)+(c*c)); //6.56

    rotate([90,0,90])
    {
        translate([0,0,-7.8])
        {
            linear_extrude(height = 15.6)
            {
               polygon(points=[[0, 0], [laenge, 0], [laenge, a]], paths=[[0,1,2,0]]);
            }
        }
    }
}

module HHA_Riser()
{
    union()
    {
        rotate([90+degree,0,0])
        {
            translate([0,5,-(laenge/2)-0.1])
            {
                rail(segments);
            }
        }

        //translate([-7.8,0,0]) cube([15.6,laenge,3.5]); //3.85
        spacer();
        translate([0,2.5019,-10]) rotate([0,0,0]) mountblock();
        translate([0,90.5019,-10]) rotate([0,0,0]) mountblock();
    }
}

module mountblock()
{
    difference()
    {
        translate([-1*(holder_width/2),0,0])
        {
            cube([holder_width, holder_len, holder_height]);
        }

        rotate([90,0,180])
        {
            translate([0,4,-1*(gap)])
            {
               mountrail(holder_len+2,0);
            }
        }

        translate([holder_width/2-1.9,holder_len/2,holder_height/2+0.7])
        {
            rotate([90,0,90])
            {
                cylinder(d=9.4, $fn=6, h=2);
            }
        }

        translate([-1*(holder_width/2+0.1),holder_len/2,holder_height/2+0.7])
        {
            rotate([90,0,90])
            {
                cylinder(d=5.3, $fn=100, h=holder_width);
                cylinder(d=8.5, $fn=100, h=2);
            }
        }

        translate([holder_width/2,holder_len,holder_height+0.1])
        {
            rotate([90,180,0])
            {
                linear_extrude(height=holder_len)
                cornercut();
            }
        }

        translate([holder_width/2+0.1,holder_len,0])
        {
            rotate([90,270,0])
            {
                linear_extrude(height=holder_len)
                cornercut();
            }
        }

        translate([-1*(holder_width/2+0.1),holder_len,holder_height])
        {
            rotate([90,90,0])
            {
                linear_extrude(height=holder_len)
                cornercut();
            }
        }

        translate([-1*(holder_width/2+0.1),holder_len, 0])
        {
            rotate([90,0,0])
            {
                linear_extrude(height=holder_len)
                cornercut();
            }
        }
    }
}

module mountrail(length,extra_height)
{
	translate(v = [0, 0, 0])
    {
        linear_extrude(height = length)
   		mountrailprofile(extra_height,gap);
    }

}

module mountrailprofile(extra_height,gap)
{
	polygon(   points=[[-10.6-gap,0],
                        [-8.4-gap,2.2+gap],
                        [8.4+gap,2.2+gap],
                        [10.6+gap,0],
                        [7.8+gap,-2.8],
                        [7.8+gap,-3.8-extra_height-gap],
                        [-7.8-gap,-3.8-extra_height-gap],
                        [-7.8-gap,-2.8]],
                paths=[[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,0]]);
}

module cornercut()
{
	polygon(points=[[0, 0], [0,3.5], [3.5, 0]], paths=[[0,1,2,0]]);
}

module Aussparung()
{
    linear_extrude(height = 40)
    {
       polygon(points=[[-12, -0.8], [0, 16], [115.5, 16], [127.5, -0.8]], paths=[[0,1,2,3,0]]);
    }
}

module rail(sections)
{
	translate(v = [0, 0, -5 * sections - 2.5])
        difference() {
		linear_extrude(height = (10.0076 * (0.5 + sections)))
               railprofile();
            translate([0,-0.6,0])
		union() {
			for (s = [1:sections]) {
				translate(v = [0, 0, s * 10.0076 - 10.0076/2.0])
                           #linear_extrude(height = 5.334)
                             cutprofile();
			}
		}
	  }
}

module railprofile()
{
    extra_height = 1.4;
	polygon(points=[   [-10.6,0],
                        [-8.4,2.2],
                        [8.4,2.2],
                        [10.6,0],
                        [7.8,-2.8],
                        [7.8,-3.8-extra_height],
                        [-7.8,-3.8-extra_height],
                        [-7.8,-2.8]],
            paths=[[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,0]]);
}

module cutprofile()
{
	polygon(points=[[-12, -0.8], [-12, 3], [12, 3], [12, -0.8]], paths=[[0,1,2,3,0]]);
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric handle for hex-bit holders, similar to one I've seen online but with a few specific tweaks. I need it to be customizable for different bit holder sizes and handle dimensions.

Here’s what I have in mind:

**Core Requirements:**

*   **Handle Body:** A cylindrical handle with a thicker grip area in the middle, that tapers smoothly down toward the bit-holder end.
*   **Bit Holder Socket:** A hexagonal socket at the end of the handle, designed to hold standard hex-shaped bit holders. I'd like to be able to control both the diameter and depth of this socket independently.
*   **Parametric Design:** The entire design needs to be parametric, allowing me to adjust dimensions like the handle's length, grip diameter, bit holder diameter and depth. It's important that the code doesn't rely on fixed values.

**Specific Parameters:**

*   **Grip Length:** The overall length of the handle.
*   **Grip Diameter:** The diameter of the main handle grip section.
*   **Grip Nozzle Length:** The length of the tapered section just before the bit socket.
*   **Bit Diameter:** The diameter of the hexagonal part of the bit holder that goes into the socket.
*   **Bit Length:** The depth of the bit holder socket hole.
*   **Snug Fit Tolerance:** The clearance between the bit holder and socket, maybe a small delta value to ensure a snug fit. I'm thinking something like 0.5mm would work.

**Functional Requirements:**

*   **Easy to use:** I’d like clear, customizable options in the customizer.
*   **Test Feature:** I'd also like a simple test mode. In this mode, instead of creating the entire handle, I’d just like a small cylinder with the socket hole in it, so that I can quickly print it to test if a bit-holder fits correctly.

I’m not too worried about fancy features right now, but making sure everything can be customized is key. Please generate an OpenSCAD file that satisfies these requirements, using the customizer feature for the key parameters I have listed above. I don’t have any existing files or libraries that I want to include, so feel free to start from scratch.

[Assistant]
Bitholder_Handle.scad:
```
//
//  Parameterized handle for bit-holders.
//
//  This is a remix of
//      https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3753399
//
//  The code is now a bit more readable and the customizer
//  interface is slightly brushed up.
//
//  Also, the socket hole for the bit-holder can now be made
//  deeper without changing the shape of the handle.
//
//  $Id: Bitholder_Handle.scad,v 1.4 2019/10/21 14:11:12 tneuer Exp tneuer $
//
//  $Log: Bitholder_Handle.scad,v $
//  Revision 1.4  2019/10/21 14:11:12  tneuer
//  Made nozzle length of grip a configurable item.
//
//  Revision 1.3  2019/10/21 12:18:35  tneuer
//  Bugfix: Socket hole was misplaced.
//
//  Revision 1.2  2019/10/21 09:12:41  tneuer
//  Added assertions for parameter values.
//
//  Revision 1.1  2019/10/18 17:32:53  tneuer
//  Initial revision
//
//

/* [ Handle ] */
// Length of grip
GripLength   = 80;
// Thickness of grip
GripDiameter = 25;
// Length of nozzle
GripNozzleLength = 20;

/* [ Bitholder Socket ] */
// Diameter of hex-part of bit holder
BitDiameter = 7.5;
// Length of hex-part of bit holder
BitLength   = 29;

/* [ Optional Stuff for Testing ] */
// Actually make the handle or just check that the socket will fit ?
MakeHandle = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=50;

Delta = 0.5;    // snug fit but not too tight

module socket_hole( socket_diameter, socket_depth ) {
    cylinder( d = socket_diameter, h = socket_depth, center = false, $fn = 6 );
}

module rim( diameter, thickness ) {
    rotate_extrude( convexity = 10 )
        translate( [diameter/2-thickness/2, 0, 0] )
            circle( d = thickness );
}

module handle( diameter, length, socket_diameter, socket_depth ) {
    difference() {
        union() {
            cylinder( d1 = diameter, d2 = 14, h = GripNozzleLength );
            rim( diameter, 4 );
            translate([0, 0, -length])
                difference() {
                    cylinder( d = diameter, h = length, center = false );
                    for( i=[0:30:360] ) {
                        rotate( [0, 0, i] )
                            translate( [diameter/2+1.5, 0, 0] )
                                cylinder( d = 5, h = length, center = false );
                    }
                }
            translate( [0, 0, -length] )
                rim( diameter, 8 );
        }
        translate( [ 0, 0, GripNozzleLength-socket_depth ] )
            socket_hole( socket_diameter+Delta, socket_depth );
    }
}

assert( BitDiameter < 13,
        "BitDiameter is too large." );
assert( BitLength < GripLength,
        "BitLength must be smaller than GripLength." );

if( MakeHandle ) {
    handle( GripDiameter, GripLength, BitDiameter, BitLength );
} else {
    difference() {
        cylinder( d = 14, h = 2 );
        socket_hole( BitDiameter+Delta, 2 );
    }
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a parametric watercolor palette for standard half-pan watercolors, and I want to have a mixing area built into the lid. I've got a few specific ideas in mind, so I need a good bit of customization and flexibility. Here's what I'm thinking:

**Core Palette Parameters:**

*   **`panWidth`**: This will control the width of a single watercolor pan. I need it to be adjustable, with a default around 15.7 mm but a range of about 15mm to 17mm, just in case.
*   **`panHeight`**:  The height of each pan, which should also be variable, I'm thinking a default of 19mm with a reasonable range from 18mm to 20mm.
*   **`panDepth`**: How deep each pan will be, I'd like a default of 9.5mm with an adjustable range from 9mm to 11mm.
*   **`panColumns`**: I want to be able to choose how many pans go across, default 3 but a range from 1 to 10
*   **`panRows`**: I also want to set the number of rows of pans. Default 3 but a range from 1 to 10 again.
*   **`spacing`**:  The space between each pan, adjustable, default 2 mm and a range from 1mm to 5mm.

**Hinge Details:**

*   **`hingeGap`**: There needs to be a small gap between the hinge pieces, I am thinking 0.1mm but need it to be settable.
*   **`hingeSegments`**: How many segments should make up the hinge. I think 5 segments with a range between 3 and 8.
*   **`hingeThickness`**: The thickness of the hinge material, which should be 1.5mm and adjustable.
*    **`pinDiameter`**: The diameter of the hinge pin. Let's use 2.5 mm as the default but keep it configurable.

**Other Considerations:**

*   **`filletRadius`**:  I'd like a fillet on the corners, with an adjustable radius, defaulting to 2mm, but ranging from 1mm to 3mm.

**Palette Design & Functionality:**

*   The palette should be in two main parts: a bottom tray to hold the pans and a top lid that includes mixing wells.
*   The bottom tray should have a small hole in the center of each pan space on the bottom, to allow for pushing out the pans from the bottom.
*   The mixing area in the lid should have dividing walls to create separate wells and the number of wells should be parametic and controlled as follows:
    *   **`mixingColumns`**:  Should default to `ceil(panColumns / 2)` and be settable.
    *   **`mixingRows`**: Should default to `ceil(panRows / 2)` and be settable.
*  The hinges should be designed to use pins made from wire or filament, not 3D printed parts for the pins themselves.
*  The hinge should be printed as an interlocking piece of the two halves of the palette.

I’m hoping to get a fully parametric design, so everything should be adjustable through parameters. I am new to OpenSCAD and this is my first attempt at such a complex project. It would be good if you could provide any feedback that you can think of.

For libraries, I'm not familiar enough to request specifics but whatever makes sense is good by me. Let me know if you need any more information!

[Assistant]
Watercolor_Palette.scad:
```
// Parametric Watercolor Palette for standard half-pan watercolors
// Created by Michael S. Scherotter
// Copyright (c) 2019 Michael S. Scherotter
// Use wire construction flags for hinge pins

// watercolor pan width
panWidth = 15.7; // [15:17]

// watercolor pan height
panHeight = 19;  // [18:20]

// watercolor pan depth
panDepth = 9.5;  // [9:11]

// number of columns
panColumns = 3; // [1:10]

// number of rows
panRows = 3;    // [1:10]

// spacing between pans
spacing = 2;    // [1:5]

// gap between hinge pieces
hingeGap = 0.1;

hingeSegments = 5; // [3:8]
// corner fillet
filletRadius = 2; // [1:3]

// hinge thickness
hingeThickness = 1.5;

// pin diameter
pinDiameter = 2.5;

module pan(panWidth, panHeight, panDepth){
    scale([panWidth, panHeight, panDepth])
    cube();
}

module pans(panRows, panColumns, panWidth, panHeight, panDepth){
for(r = [0: panRows-1])
    for (c=[0: panColumns-1])
        translate([c*(panWidth + spacing), r*(panHeight+spacing), 0])
            pan(panWidth, panHeight, panDepth);
}

module tray(panWidth, panHeight, panColumns, panRows, panDepth){
    echo("trays:", panWidth, panHeight, panColumns, panRows, panDepth);
    scaleX = spacing+(panWidth +spacing) * panColumns;
    scaleY = spacing + spacing+(panHeight+spacing) * panRows;
     echo("trayWidth", scaleX);
    echo("trayHeight", scaleY);
    translate([-spacing,-spacing * 2,-spacing])
        scale([scaleX, scaleY, panDepth])
        cube();
}

module fillet(length){

    difference()
    {
        scale([filletRadius+0.1, filletRadius+0.1, length])
            cube();
       translate([0,0,-1])
       cylinder(length+2, r=filletRadius, $fn=20);
    }
}

module topHinge(start, center, gap)
{
    tx = panColumns * panWidth  +15;
    ty = -spacing - pinDiameter -2;
    tz = 2;
    hinge(tx, ty, tz, start, center, gap);
}

module top(){
    echo("top");
    mixingColumns = ceil(panColumns / 2);
    mixingRows = ceil(panRows / 2);

    bottomWidth = spacing+(panWidth +spacing) * panColumns;
    bottomHeight = spacing+(panHeight+spacing) * panRows - (pinDiameter + 1);
    echo("bottomWidth", bottomWidth);
    echo("bottomHeight", bottomHeight);
    mixingWidth = ((bottomWidth  - spacing) / mixingColumns) - spacing;
    mixingHeight = ((bottomHeight- spacing) / mixingRows) - spacing;
    echo("mixingHeight", mixingHeight);
    translate([0,pinDiameter+2,0])
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            translate([panColumns * panWidth + 15,-1,0])
                buildCels(mixingWidth, mixingHeight, 4, mixingColumns, mixingRows);
            topHinge(1, true, hingeGap);
        }
        topHinge(0, false, -hingeGap);
    }
}

module bottomHinge(start, gap){
    echo("bottomHinge", start, gap);
    hinge(0,-spacing, panDepth, start, true, gap);
}

module hinge(tx, ty, tz, start, center, gap){
    echo("hinge", tx,ty,tz,start,center,gap);
    hingeSegmentSize = ((panWidth + spacing) * panColumns - spacing) / hingeSegments;

    translate([tx,ty,tz])
    rotate(90, [0,1,0])
    union()
    {
        difference()
        {
            union()
            {
                for(i=[start:2:hingeSegments-1])
                    translate([0,0,hingeSegmentSize * i + gap])
                    cylinder(hingeSegmentSize - (gap * 2), d=pinDiameter+hingeThickness*2, $fn=20);
            };
            if (center)
            {
                translate([0,0,-1])
                cylinder((panWidth + spacing+2) * panColumns, d=pinDiameter, $fn=20);
            }
        };
    }
}

module pinHoles()
{
for(r = [0: panRows-1])
    for (c=[0: panColumns-1])
        translate([c*(panWidth + spacing) + panWidth / 2, r*(panHeight+spacing) + panHeight/2, -3])
            cylinder(4, d=pinDiameter, $fn=20);
}

module bottom(){
    echo("bottom");
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            buildCels(panWidth, panHeight, panDepth, panColumns, panRows);
            bottomHinge(0, hingeGap);
        }
        pinHoles();
        bottomHinge(1, -hingeGap);
    }
}

module bottomLongEdge(panWidth, panRows, panColumns)
{
    // bottom long edge
    rotate(-90, [1,0,0])
    translate([(panWidth + spacing)*panColumns - filletRadius,0,0-(spacing*2)])
    fillet(panWidth * (panRows + spacing) + spacing + spacing + spacing);
}

module buildCels(panWidth, panHeight, panDepth, panColumns, panRows)
{
    difference()
    {
        tray(panWidth, panHeight, panColumns, panRows, panDepth);
        pans(panRows, panColumns, panWidth, panHeight, panDepth);
        rotate(180)
            translate([0,spacing,-3])
                fillet(panDepth+2);
        translate([panColumns * (panWidth + spacing) - spacing,-spacing,-3])
            rotate(-90)
                fillet(panDepth+2);
        translate([0,panRows * (panHeight + spacing) - spacing, -3])
            rotate(90)
                fillet(panDepth + 2);
       translate([panColumns * (panWidth + spacing) - spacing,panRows * (panHeight + spacing) - spacing,-3])
           fillet(panDepth+2);
        rotate(90,[1,0,0])
        rotate(180)
        translate([0,0,-panWidth * (panRows+spacing) - spacing])
        fillet(panWidth * (panRows + spacing) + spacing + spacing + spacing);

         bottomLongEdge(panWidth, panRows, panColumns);
    }
}

bottom();
top();
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking for some help designing a parametric card deck holder in OpenSCAD. I'm aiming for something similar to what I've already made, but I'd like it to be more flexible and easier to adjust for different card and sleeve sizes.

Basically, it's a rectangular box with rounded corners, designed to hold a deck of cards. I have two slightly different versions of it now, but I want to consolidate that into a single design and have parameters that I can adjust for different card sizes and other features.

Here’s the basic idea:
*   **Card Dimensions:**  I need parameters for card width, card depth, and card height. Also, I need a parameter for sleeve thickness. This needs to determine the interior dimensions of the holder, with some added space for tolerance.
*   **Wall Thickness:** A parameter to control the thickness of the box walls.
*   **Rounded Corners:** A parameter to control the radius of the rounded corners at the base and top.
*   **Frame:** I want to have an option to have a frame around the top of the box. This should also be parametric - with a frame thickness and frame radius.
* **Inner Frame:** I need to have a separate parameter for a frame radius at the bottom for the slides.
*   **Slide:**  I need a "slide" feature for keeping the card deck in place. This would be a lip on the top edge with adjustable depth and width parameters.
*   **Holes:** I want to be able to optionally add holes to the spine of the holder. These should have a radius parameter and be evenly spaced. These aren't meant to be finger holes but are rather designed to save on material and accept printed inserts for labeling.
*   **Clearance:** The box interior should have some clearance for the card deck. I would like a parameter to control this clearance.
* **Base Lip:** I want to have a parameter that controls a lip at the bottom of the holder for additional rigidity.

I was thinking the design would mostly be constructed using `hull()` operations along with `difference()` operations to remove the inner space and create the various features. I'd really appreciate it if you could create a couple of .scad files, with the primary one being a function that returns the holder with all the parameters as input. I don't need any external libraries for this, but if you do find it easier to do so, please use BOSL2 for ease of parameter passing.

[Assistant]
Deck_Holder_v2.scad:
```
$fn = 60;

deckSize = [94,24,68];
thickness = 2;
sideLib = 5;
bottomLib = 7;

cornerRadius = 1;
frameRadius = 20;
holeCornerRadius = 5;

slideDepth = 10;
innerSlideDepth = 2;
slideWidth = 0.5;

difference(){
    hull(){
        translate([0,0,cornerRadius])
        Bottom();
        translate([0,0,deckSize.z+thickness-cornerRadius])
        Bottom();
    }

    translate([thickness,thickness,thickness])
    cube(deckSize);

    hull(){
        translate([thickness+frameRadius+sideLib,0,thickness+frameRadius+bottomLib])
        Corner(deckSize.y+thickness*2);

        translate([thickness+deckSize.x-frameRadius-sideLib,0,thickness+frameRadius+bottomLib])
        Corner(deckSize.y+thickness*2);

        translate([thickness+sideLib,0,thickness+deckSize.z])
        cube(deckSize+[-sideLib*2,thickness*2,0]);
    }

    hull(){
        translate([thickness+frameRadius+sideLib,thickness-slideWidth,thickness+frameRadius+bottomLib])
        Corner(deckSize.y+slideWidth*2);

        translate([thickness+deckSize.x-frameRadius-sideLib,thickness-slideWidth,thickness+frameRadius+bottomLib])
        Corner(deckSize.y+slideWidth*2);

        translate([thickness+frameRadius+sideLib,thickness,thickness+frameRadius+bottomLib-innerSlideDepth])
        Corner(deckSize.y);

        translate([thickness+deckSize.x-frameRadius-sideLib,thickness,thickness+frameRadius+bottomLib-innerSlideDepth])
        Corner(deckSize.y);
    }

    hull(){
        translate([thickness,thickness,deckSize.z-thickness-slideDepth])
        cube(deckSize);

        translate([thickness-slideWidth,thickness-slideWidth,deckSize.z+thickness])
        cube(deckSize+[slideWidth*2,slideWidth*2,0]);
    }

    hull(){
        translate([thickness+sideLib+holeCornerRadius,thickness+sideLib+holeCornerRadius,0]){
            Hole();

            translate([deckSize.x-holeCornerRadius*2-sideLib*2,0,0])
                Hole();
        }
    }
}

module Corner(width) {
    rotate([-90,0,0])
    cylinder(r = frameRadius, h = width);
}

module Bottom(){
    translate([cornerRadius,0,0]){
        translate([0,cornerRadius,0])
        sphere(r = cornerRadius);

        translate([0,deckSize.y+2*thickness-cornerRadius,0])
        sphere(r = cornerRadius);
    }

    translate([deckSize.x+2*thickness-cornerRadius,0,0]){
        translate([0,cornerRadius,0])
        sphere(r = cornerRadius);

        translate([0,deckSize.y+2*thickness-cornerRadius,0])
        sphere(r = cornerRadius);
    }
}

module Hole(){
    cylinder(r = holeCornerRadius, h = thickness);
    translate([0,deckSize.y-holeCornerRadius*2-sideLib*2,0])
    cylinder(r = holeCornerRadius, h = thickness);
}
```
Deck_Holder.scad:
```
$fn = 60;

deckSize = [94,24,68];
thickness = 2;
lib = 5;

cornerRadius = 1;
frameRadius = 20;
innerFrameRadius = 5;

slideDepth = 10;
slideWidth = 0.5;

difference(){
    hull(){
        translate([0,0,cornerRadius])
        Bottom();
        translate([0,0,deckSize.z+thickness-cornerRadius])
        Bottom();
    }

    translate([thickness,thickness,thickness])
    cube(deckSize);

    hull(){
        translate([thickness+frameRadius+lib,0,thickness+frameRadius+lib])
        Corner();

        translate([thickness+deckSize.x-frameRadius-lib,0,thickness+frameRadius+lib])
        Corner();

        translate([thickness+lib,0,thickness+deckSize.z])
        cube(deckSize+[-lib*2,thickness*2,0]);
    }

    hull(){
        translate([thickness,thickness,deckSize.z-thickness-slideDepth])
        cube(deckSize);

        translate([thickness-slideWidth,thickness-slideWidth,deckSize.z+thickness])
        cube(deckSize+[slideWidth*2,slideWidth*2,0]);
    }

    hull(){
        translate([thickness+lib+innerFrameRadius,thickness+lib+innerFrameRadius,0]){
            cylinder(r = innerFrameRadius, h = thickness);
            translate([0,deckSize.y-innerFrameRadius*2-lib*2,0])
            cylinder(r = innerFrameRadius, h = thickness);

            translate([deckSize.x-innerFrameRadius*2-lib*2,0,0]){
                cylinder(r = innerFrameRadius, h = thickness);
                translate([0,deckSize.y-innerFrameRadius*2-lib*2,0])
                cylinder(r = innerFrameRadius, h = thickness);
            }
        }
    }
}

module Corner() {
    rotate([-90,0,0])
    cylinder(r = frameRadius, h = deckSize.y+thickness*2);
}

module Bottom(){
    translate([cornerRadius,0,0]){
        translate([0,cornerRadius,0])
        sphere(r = cornerRadius);

        translate([0,deckSize.y+2*thickness-cornerRadius,0])
        sphere(r = cornerRadius);
    }

    translate([deckSize.x+2*thickness-cornerRadius,0,0]){
        translate([0,cornerRadius,0])
        sphere(r = cornerRadius);

        translate([0,deckSize.y+2*thickness-cornerRadius,0])
        sphere(r = cornerRadius);
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'd like to design a parametric can koozie using OpenSCAD, based on the design from this Thingiverse project: [https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3927994](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3927994). It has a few key features that I need.

First, it's a cylindrical koozie that fits around a can or bottle, with an air gap for insulation. It should have horizontal baffles inside the air gap to further reduce heat transfer. The bottom should be solid, and there should be support structures there, too. The outer diameter and height should be configurable, and so should the air gap. I’ll also need to specify the wall thicknesses for the outer wall and inner baffles, as well as the height and spacing of the baffles. And it should be parametric, so I can adjust all these dimensions!

Specifically, here's what I need to control with parameters:

*   `can_dia`: The diameter of the can or bottle that fits inside the koozie.
*   `can_height`: The height of the can/bottle that the koozie should cover.
*   `tolerance`: The tolerance between the can and the koozie, to account for printing inaccuracies.
*   `air_gap`: The space between the can and the outer wall of the koozie.
*   `baffle_wall`: The sliced wall thickness of the inner baffles.
*   `outer_wall`: The outer wall thickness.
*   `bottom_thick`: The thickness of the bottom of the koozie.
*   `baffle_dist`: The vertical distance between baffles.
*   `support_height`: The height of the support/reinforcement bars on the bottom.
*   `support_width`: The width of the support bars.
*   `segments`: Number of segments used for circles and cylinders.
*   `top_cut`: Cut off the top of the baffles

I'd like to be able to generate a test slice with just a few baffles near the top to check the fit, so a `test_slice` parameter would be great as well (yes/no). Also, the bottom should have support structures to help with adhesion to the print bed.

I don't need you to implement any libraries, just the basic OpenSCAD primitives and operations. I guess I'm just looking for a single .scad file.

[Assistant]
HighTechKoozie_v1_2.scad:
```
/* Customizable High-tech Koozie
 * By DrLex, v1.2 2019/11
 * Thingiverse thing:3927994
 * Based on original High-Tech Soda Can Cooler, thing:1771124
 * Released under Creative Commons - Attribution - Non-Commercial - Share Alike license */

/* [Dimensions] */
// Diameter of the cylinder that fits in the koozie. All dimensions are in mm.
can_dia = 66.2; //[10:0.1:240]

// Height of the cylinder covered by the koozie.
can_height = 99.0; //[1:0.1:250]

// Tolerance between the can and the koozie. Use this to compensate for printing inaccuracies and material shrinkage.
tolerance = 0.10; //[0:0.01:1]

// Space between the can and the outer wall. Larger values offer better insulation, smaller values a sleeker design.
air_gap = 5.0; //[0.1:0.1:30]

// Sliced wall thickness of the inner baffles. Preferably set this to a value that will yield exactly 1, 2, or another integer number of perimeters.
baffle_wall = 0.76; //[0.1:0.01:2]

// Outer wall thickness. Avoid using values smaller than baffle_wall.
outer_wall = 0.76; //[0.1:0.01:2]

// Bottom thickness
bottom_thick = 0.80; //[0.1:0.01:2]

// Generate only the topmost part with 2 baffles, for making a test print to check for correct fit.
test_slice = "no"; //[yes, no]

/* [Advanced] */

// Vertical distance between the baffles
baffle_dist = 8.0; //[1:0.1:30]

// Height of the support/reinforcement bars in the bottom
support_height = 3.0; //[0:0.1:10]

// Width of the support bars in the bottom
support_width = 1.2; //[0.1:0.01:3]

// Number of segments (detail) in the cylinders. At lower values, the effective inside diameter will be smaller than expected.
segments = 80; //[16:128]

// Cut off the top edge of the baffles to avoid a very thin single-line extrusion that tends to detach when sliding cans into the koozie. This must be well below baffle_wall to maintain correct dimensions.
top_cut = 0.4; //[0:0.01:1]

/* [Hidden] */
outer_dia = can_dia + 2*(tolerance + air_gap + outer_wall);
chamfer = 0.6;
in_wall_radius = outer_dia/2 - outer_wall;
inside_radius = can_dia / 2 + tolerance;
// Make uncut baffles wide enough for good overlap
baffle_radius = outer_dia / 2 + baffle_wall + .5;
baffle_cut = (outer_dia  - outer_wall) / 2;  // in the middle of the outer wall
baffle_height = in_wall_radius - inside_radius + baffle_wall - top_cut;  // effective height
num_comparts = floor((can_height - baffle_height) / baffle_dist);
baffle_offset = can_height - baffle_height - (num_comparts * baffle_dist);

cylinder_h = bottom_thick + support_height + can_height - baffle_height - (outer_wall -baffle_wall);
inside_chamfer = max(chamfer, 0.8 * support_height);

gap_fill_r = outer_dia/2 - baffle_wall/2;

echo(["Outer diameter", outer_dia]);
echo(["Baffle height", baffle_height]);
echo(["Number of compartments", num_comparts]);

if(test_slice == "yes") {
    total_h = bottom_thick + support_height + can_height;
    shift = total_h - baffle_height - baffle_dist - 3;
    chop_r = total_h/2 + 1;
    difference() {
        // Not very efficient computation-wise, but easy
        translate([0, 0, -shift]) koozie();
        translate([0, 0, -chop_r]) cube(2*chop_r, center=true);
        // Remove any leftovers of lower baffles
        translate([0, 0, -.2]) cylinder(r2=0, r1=in_wall_radius, h=in_wall_radius, $fn=segments);
    }
}
else {
    koozie();
}

// Generate one baffle, positioned such that the lower intersection with the inside wall is at z=0.
module baffle()
{
    shift = baffle_radius - in_wall_radius - baffle_wall;
    translate([0, 0, -shift])
    difference() {
        cylinder(r2=0, r1=baffle_radius, h=baffle_radius, $fn=segments);
        translate([0, 0, -baffle_wall]) cylinder(r2=0, r1=baffle_radius, h=baffle_radius, $fn=segments);
        if(top_cut > 0) {
            translate([0, 0, baffle_height + baffle_radius + shift]) cube(2*baffle_radius, center=true);
        }
    }
}

module koozie()
{
    translate([0, 0, bottom_thick + support_height + baffle_offset]) {
        difference() {
            union() {
                if(num_comparts > 0) {
                    intersection() {
                        union() {
                            for(i = [0: 1: num_comparts-1]) {
                                translate([0, 0, i*baffle_dist]) baffle();
                            }
                        }
                        cylinder(r=baffle_cut, h=can_height+10, $fn=segments);
                    }
                }
                intersection() {
                    translate([0, 0, num_comparts*baffle_dist]) baffle();
                    cylinder(r=outer_dia/2, h=can_height+10, $fn=segments);
                }
            }

            cylinder(r=inside_radius, h=can_height+baffle_radius+10, $fn=segments);
        }
    }
    intersection() {
        union() {
            difference() {
                union() {
                    cylinder(r=outer_dia/2, h=cylinder_h, $fn=segments);
                    if(outer_wall >= baffle_wall) {
                        translate([0, 0, cylinder_h]) cylinder(r1=gap_fill_r, r2=0, h=gap_fill_r, $fn=segments);
                    }
                }
                translate([0, 0, bottom_thick]) {
                    intersection() {
                        cylinder(r=in_wall_radius, h=can_height + bottom_thick + support_height + outer_dia, $fn=segments);
                        translate([0, 0, inside_chamfer - in_wall_radius]) cylinder(r1=0, r2=cylinder_h+outer_dia, h=cylinder_h+outer_dia, $fn=segments);
                    }
                }
            }
            if(support_height > 0) {
                difference() {
                    translate([0, 0, bottom_thick + support_height/2]) for(i = [0:1:2]) {
                        rotate([0, 0, 60*i]) cube([outer_dia - outer_wall, support_width, support_height], center=true);
                    }
                    translate([0, 0, bottom_thick-outer_dia/6]) rotate([0,0,30]) cylinder(r1=0, r2=outer_dia/3, h=outer_dia/3, $fn=6);
                }
            }
        }
        // Intersect with a cone to create the chamfer
        translate([0, 0, chamfer - outer_dia/2]) cylinder(r1=0, r2=cylinder_h+outer_dia, h=cylinder_h+outer_dia, $fn=segments);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a customizable paint stand for miniature painting bottles, and I'm hoping you can help me out with the OpenSCAD code. I've got a pretty good idea of what I want, inspired by a design I've seen, but I need it to be more flexible.

Basically, I need a tiered stand with three levels. The bottom level should be 20mm high and 105mm deep. The middle level should be 40mm high and 70mm deep, and the back level should be 60mm high and 35mm deep. The total width of the stand needs to be customizable, but it should be determined by the number of bottles it will hold in the outer rows. I'm thinking a bottle count parameter would work well.

I'll need some presets for common bottle sizes. These are the ones I'd like to start with:
*   Citadel: diameter 32.2mm, inset 5mm
*   Vallejo Large: diameter 48.5mm, inset 15mm
*   Vallejo Medium: diameter 35.0mm, inset 15mm
*   Vallejo Small: diameter 24.5mm, inset 15mm
*   P3 Bottle: diameter 28.25mm, inset 15mm
*   P3 Pot: diameter 30.00mm, inset 10mm
*   A custom option so I can specify both diameter and inset

There should be some additional parameters:
* A "tolerance" value to add extra space around each bottle for ease of use
* Spacing between each bottle, ideally with a multiple of my nozzle diameter as a recommendation
* A fillet radius for the edges, but with a warning that it will be very slow and reduce quality
* An option to chamfer the bottom edges
* An option to extend the height of the stand so it sits behind other stands

For the bottle holes, I need the top and bottom rows to match the bottle count, but the middle row has to dynamically adjust. If there's enough room to put one additional bottle in the middle row, do so, but if not, it should subtract one, still properly spacing the holes between the top and bottom. Also the middle row should always fit the current bottle count or less.

Finally I need a separate .scad file for a riser that can be used under the chamfered version. The riser will match the basic dimensions, but instead of having bottle cutouts, it's just a hollow box with walls of a specified thickness.

I'd really appreciate it if you could generate those files. I do not need any external libraries. I'm looking for fully standalone, self-contained code.

[Assistant]
Paint_stand_1.2.0.scad:
```
// Whole base is 105mm deep, 126mm wide (flexible)
// Front layer 20mm high, 105mm deep
// Mid layer 40mm high, 70mm deep
// Back layer 60mm high, 35mm deep

/* [Basic] */
// Total width of the stand, as number of bottles in the outer rows
bottle_count = 4; // [0:10]

// Preset bottle diameters
preset_dia = 24.5; // [32.2:Citadel, 48.5:Vallejo L, 35.0:Vallejo M, 24.5:Vallejo S, 28.25:P3 Bottle, 30.00:P3 Pot, 0:Custom]

// Preset bottle insets
preset_inset = 15; // [5:Short pots (Citadel), 10:Long pots (P3), 15:Bottles (Vallejo/P3), 0:Custom]

// Bottle diameter for Custom preset
custom_dia = 32.2;

// Bottle inset for Custom preset
custom_inset = 5;

// Chamfer the bottom edges?
chamfer_bottom = 0; // [0:1]

// Extend the height enough to sit behind this many others
stand_row = 0; // [0:4]

/* [Advanced] */
// Extra diameter to add around bottle
tolerance = 2.0; // [0.0:5.0]

// Extra spacing per bottle, in mm. For best results, should be a multiple of your nozzle size.
spacing = 5.0; // [0.0:5.0]

// Fillet the edges by this radius. Warning: VERY slow and reduced quality.
fillet = 0; // [0:1]

/* [Hidden] */
bottle_dia = (preset_dia == 0) ? custom_dia + tolerance : preset_dia + tolerance;
bottle_inset = (preset_inset == 0) ? custom_inset : preset_inset;

dia = bottle_dia + (fillet*2);
inset = bottle_inset + fillet;
w = bottle_count * (dia + spacing) - (fillet*2);

extraheight = (60 * stand_row);

module bottle_row(r, c, oy, w) {
    for (i = [1:c]) {
        x = (-w/2) + ((w / (c*2)) * (i*2-1));
        y = (r * 35) - 67.5 + oy;
        z = (r * 20) - inset + extraheight;
        translate([x, y, z])
            cylinder(100, d=dia, true);
    }
}

module build() {
    difference() {
        union() {
            translate([-w/2, -50+fillet, 0])
                cube([w, 105-(fillet*2), 20+extraheight], false);

            translate([-w/2, -15+fillet, 20+extraheight])
                cube([w, 70-(fillet*2), 20], false);

            translate([-w/2, 20+fillet, 40+extraheight])
                cube([w, 35-(fillet*2), 20], false);
        }
        union() {
            bottle_row(1, bottle_count, (dia > 35) ? dia-35 : 0, w);
            if (dia > 35) {
                if (floor(w / (dia * (bottle_count+1))) > bottle_count) {
                    bottle_row(2, bottle_count+1, 0, w);
                } else {
                    bottle_row(2, bottle_count-1, 0, w-dia);
                }
            } else {
                bottle_row(2, bottle_count, 0, w);
            }
            bottle_row(3, bottle_count, (dia > 35) ? 35-dia : 0, w);
        }
    }
}

if (fillet > 0) {
    // Increase this for better quality edges at the cost of VERY slow rendering.
    $fn = 18;
    minkowski() {
        build();
        sphere(r=fillet);
    }
} else {
    $fn = 180;
    if (chamfer_bottom > 0) {
        difference() {
            build();
            union() {
                // Left side
                translate([-w/2,0,0])
                    rotate([0,45,0])
                    cube([10,120,10], true);
                // Right side
                translate([w/2,0,0])
                    rotate([0,45,0])
                    cube([10,120,10], true);
                // Front
                translate([0,-50,0])
                    rotate([45,0,0])
                    cube([w,10,10], true);
                // Back
                translate([0,55,0])
                    rotate([45,0,0])
                    cube([w,10,10], true);
            }
        }
    } else {
        build();
    }
}
```
Riser.scad:
```
// Whole base is 105mm deep, 126mm wide (flexible)
// Front layer 20mm high, 105mm deep
// Mid layer 40mm high, 70mm deep
// Back layer 60mm high, 35mm deep

/* [Basic] */
// Total width of the stand, as number of bottles in the outer rows
bottle_count = 4; // [0:10]

// Preset bottle diameters
preset_dia = 24.5; // [32.2:Citadel, 48.5:Vallejo L, 35.0:Vallejo M, 24.5:Vallejo S, 28.25:P3 Bottle, 30.00:P3 Pot, 0:Custom]

// Bottle diameter for Custom preset
custom_dia = 32.2;

// Chamfer the bottom edges?
chamfer_bottom = 0; // [0:1]

// Extend the height enough to sit behind this many others
stand_row = 0; // [0:4]

// Thickness of the riser's walls, in mm
thickness = 3.0; // [0.0:10.0]

/* [Advanced] */
// Extra diameter to add around bottle
tolerance = 2.0; // [0.0:5.0]

// Extra spacing per bottle, in mm. For best results, should be a multiple of your nozzle size.
spacing = 5.0; // [0.0:5.0]

// Fillet the edges by this radius. Warning: VERY slow and reduced quality.
fillet = 0; // [0:1]

/* [Hidden] */
bottle_dia = (preset_dia == 0) ? custom_dia + tolerance : preset_dia + tolerance;

dia = bottle_dia + (fillet*2);
w = bottle_count * (dia + spacing) - (fillet*2);

extraheight = (60 * stand_row);

module build() {
    difference() {
        translate([-w/2, -50+fillet, 0])
            cube([w, 105-(fillet*2), 60+extraheight], false);
        translate([-w/2+thickness, -50+fillet+thickness, -1])
            cube([w-(thickness*2), 105-(fillet*2)-(thickness*2), 60+extraheight+2], false);
        union() {
            // Left side
            translate([-w/2,0,extraheight+60])
                rotate([0,45,0])
                cube([10,120,10], true);
            // Right side
            translate([w/2,0,extraheight+60])
                rotate([0,45,0])
                cube([10,120,10], true);
            // Front
            translate([0,-50,extraheight+60])
                rotate([45,0,0])
                cube([w,10,10], true);
            // Back
            translate([0,55,extraheight+60])
                rotate([45,0,0])
                cube([w,10,10], true);
        }
    }
}

if (fillet > 0) {
    // Increase this for better quality edges at the cost of VERY slow rendering.
    $fn = 18;
    minkowski() {
        build();
        sphere(r=fillet);
    }
} else {
    $fn = 180;
    if (chamfer_bottom > 0) {
        difference() {
            build();
            union() {
                // Left side
                translate([-w/2,0,0])
                    rotate([0,45,0])
                    cube([10,120,10], true);
                // Right side
                translate([w/2,0,0])
                    rotate([0,45,0])
                    cube([10,120,10], true);
                // Front
                translate([0,-50,0])
                    rotate([45,0,0])
                    cube([w,10,10], true);
                // Back
                translate([0,55,0])
                    rotate([45,0,0])
                    cube([w,10,10], true);
            }
        }
    } else {
        build();
    }
}
```