[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get some OpenSCAD files for generating perfboards, like the kind you use for prototyping electronics. I've got some requirements, and I'd like it to be fully parametric, so I can easily change dimensions later.

Specifically, I need to control:
*   **Board Dimensions:** I need to be able to specify the width and length of the board. I'd prefer to input these in inches, but if you need them in mm, that's okay, just let me know.
*   **Hole Spacing:** The most common is 0.1 inch spacing (2.54mm), but I'd like to have control over this.
*   **Hole Diameter:**  Again, control over the diameter, since sometimes you might want to print a tighter fit. I'm using imperial dimensions for this too.
*   **Board Thickness:** This also needs to be variable. Again, in inches, or mm if absolutely necessary.
*  **Hole Shape:** I would like to be able to specify whether the holes are round or square.

I'd also want the code to account for the fact that the holes should be centered within the board. So the hole grid won't necessarily start at the very edge of the board.

It's really important to me that the code is fully parametric. I want to be able to generate boards of different sizes and hole configurations easily.  Also, I am using vanilla OpenSCAD and I prefer not to use libraries.

[Assistant]
perfboard-round-holes.scad:
```
// Perfboard Generator
// Author: Wing Tang Wong
// Description: parametrically create a normal perfboard of a given
//              dimension.
//

/*Customizer Variables*/
/*[Perfboard]*/
board_width = 1;
board_length = 1;
hole_spacing = 0.10; //[0.05:0.05 inch(compact), 0.10:0.10 inch(normal)]
hole_diameter = 0.042; //[0.028:0.028 inch(compact), 0.035:0.035 inch(normal/plated), 0.042:0.042 inch(normal)]

metric_or_imperial = 25.4; //[1:Metric, 25.4:Imperial]

/*[Hidden]*/
// Perfboard generator
$FN=8;
spacing=hole_spacing * metric_or_imperial  ; // 0.1" spacing or 2.54mm spacing of the holes.
holes=(hole_diameter * metric_or_imperial) ; // 0.042" or 1.0668mm holes

board_w =  board_width * metric_or_imperial ; // 4"
board_l = board_length * metric_or_imperial ; // 4"

board_h = 0.062 * 25.4 ; // 0.062" or 1.6mm height

x_max = ( ( board_w - ( 2 * spacing ) ) / spacing );
y_max = ( ( board_l - ( 2 * spacing ) ) / spacing );

difference() {
	cube( [ board_w, board_l, board_h ] );

for (x = [0:x_max])
{
	for(y = [0:y_max])
	{
    //translate([(x * spacing) + spacing , (y * spacing) + spacing ,0])
	//	cube( [holes, holes, board_h * 4] , center = true );
    translate([(x * spacing) + spacing , (y * spacing) + spacing ,0])
		cylinder( r=holes/2.00 , h = board_h * 4 );
	};
};

};
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric model of a Soma Cube puzzle in OpenSCAD. I have some existing code that defines the basic shapes, but I need a more flexible solution, and would like it if I didn't have to depend on global variables and functions.

Here's what I'm after:

1.  **Individual Pieces:** I want each of the 7 Soma cube pieces to be defined as its own module, taking parameters for the cube's size (`cube_size`) as well as a general `offset` vector, and a `rotation` vector. I need these modules to generate the correct shapes, and I would like to be able to move them around independently to help with testing and potentially for making solutions.

2.  **Assembly Module:** I'd like a separate module for assembling all the pieces into the cube. This module will also need a `cube_size` parameter. It would be nice to be able to change the overall size here rather than defining that in the individual part. This assembly module should also be able to accept individual piece locations as parameters. Maybe each location would be a `[piece_index, translation]` entry to put each piece in its correct position. The locations should be optional of course - defaulting to "a jumbled mess" that is not solved.

3.  **Parametric Design:** The most important aspect is for all the sizes to be fully parametric, starting from the size of a single cube in the pieces. This should propagate throughout the whole design.

4.  **Library Usage:** If possible, I would appreciate it if you could use the `BOSL2` library for general module definitions, such as parameter passing for the individual pieces.

5.  **Documentation:** A bit of comments in the code would be nice.

I want to be able to adjust parameters like the cube size and piece locations, and have the whole model update correctly. Let me know if you need any more details.

[Assistant]
soma.scad:
```
// remix by foofoodog of thing 96411
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma_cube
/* [Options] */
// of a single cube
size = 7;
cubes = [
	[[0,0,0],[0,1,0],[1,0,0]], // V
	[[0,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,2,0],[1,0,0]], // L
	[[0,0,0],[1,0,0],[2,0,0],[1,1,0]], // T
	[[0,0,0],[1,0,0],[1,1,0],[0,-1,0]], // Z
	[[0,0,0],[1,0,0],[1,1,0], [1,1,1]], // A
	[[0,0,0],[-1,-1,0],[0,0,1],[-1,0,0]], // B
	[[0,0,0],[0,0,1],[1,0,0],[0,1,0]] // P
];
// cheesy spacing calcs, start at x go clockwise
function slice() = -360/len(cubes);
function space() = size*3;
for(i=[0:len(cubes)-1]) { // one off does not even matter here, go figure
	rotate([0,0,slice() * i])
		translate([space(),0,0])
			part(cubes[i]);
}
module part(cubes) {
	for (i=cubes) {
		translate(i * size) cube(size);
	}
}
```


[User] I'd like to design a parametric spheroid pot for 3D printing. It should be a hollow sphere with the top and bottom flattened, leaving an opening at the top. The wall thickness should be adjustable, as well as the overall diameter and the ratio of height to diameter. There should also be a parameter to control how much of the sphere is a flat area versus the pot area, for both the top and the bottom.  Basically, I want the existing code in `spheroid_pot.scad`, but parameterized. Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD code? I'd like it to be reasonably precise, so could you make sure the `$fn` is parametric as well? I'm not looking for any special features, just a customizable pot shaped like that.

[Assistant]
spheroid_pot.scad:
```
// author: clayb.rpi@gmail.com
// date: 2014-04-06
// description: A customizable spheroid pot.

// The overall diameter.
DIAMETER = 80;

// How thick the walls are.
WALL_THICKNESS = 1;

// How tall the pot should be in proportion to the diameter.
HEIGHT_RATIO = 1;

// How much pot versus flat area there is.
POT_FLAT_RATIO = 0.66;

// How detailed the sphere rendering should be.
$fn=23;

//-----------------------------------
// Calculated parameters for brevity.
r = DIAMETER / 2;

scale([1, 1, HEIGHT_RATIO])
difference() {
  sphere(r=DIAMETER / 2);

  difference() {
    sphere(r=DIAMETER / 2 - WALL_THICKNESS);

    translate([-r - 1, -r - 1, r * (-1 - POT_FLAT_RATIO) + WALL_THICKNESS])
    cube([DIAMETER + 2, DIAMETER + 2, r]);
  }

  // flatten the bottom.
  translate([-r - 1, -r - 1, r * ( -1 - POT_FLAT_RATIO)])
  cube([DIAMETER + 2, DIAMETER + 2, r]);

  // flatten the top.
  translate([-r - 1, -r - 1, r * POT_FLAT_RATIO])
  cube([DIAMETER + 2, DIAMETER + 2, r]);
}
```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a flexible bracelet. The core shape is a torus, but it has some flattening and notches cut into it.

Here are the key parameters I'd like to be able to adjust:

*   **`wrist_diameter`**: This is the inner diameter of the bracelet, basically the size of the opening for the wrist.
*   **`band_diameter`**: This is the diameter of the circular cross-section of the band itself.
*   **`band_width`**: This is how wide the flattened sides of the band are. It should always be less than the `band_diameter`. This flattens the circle to help printing.
*   **`notch_count`**: The number of notches or cuts that are made around the circumference of the band to allow it to flex.
*   **`notch_gap`**: This is the width of the opening of each notch. This should prevent the notches from fusing together during printing.

The bracelet should be designed such that it can be printed without infill, top, or bottom layers. The idea is that the final shape is achieved with these cutouts rather than a solid object with a shell. The bracelet band should have a circular cross-section that is then flattened to the specified `band_width` dimension. Can you help me generate this?

[Assistant]
torusbracelet.scad:
```
// Customizable Circular Band Bracelet
// preview[tilt:top];

/* [Bracelet] */

// Inner diameter of bracelet.
wrist_diameter = 51;

// Cross sectional diameter of bracelet band.
band_diameter = 8;

// Sides of band are trimmed flat to this width; must be less than diameter.
band_width = 7;

// Number of notches to cut in band for flexibility.
notch_count = 36;

// Width of outer notch openings. Ensure large enough to avoid fusing.
notch_gap = 1.5;

/* [Hidden] */

$fn=60;
pi = 3.1415926535;

inner_radius = wrist_diameter / 2;
band_radius = band_diameter / 2;
torus_radius = inner_radius + band_radius;
outer_radius = torus_radius + band_radius;
notch_angle = 360/notch_count;
half_gap = notch_gap / 2;

inner_gap_angle = (notch_angle/2) - ((180 * half_gap) / (pi * inner_radius));
outer_gap_angle = (180 * half_gap) / (pi * outer_radius);
inner_gap_x = inner_radius * sin(inner_gap_angle);
inner_gap_y = inner_radius * cos(inner_gap_angle);
outer_gap_x = outer_radius * sin(outer_gap_angle);
outer_gap_y = outer_radius * cos(outer_gap_angle);
notch_tip_y = outer_gap_y + ((outer_gap_x * (outer_gap_y - inner_gap_y)) / (inner_gap_x - outer_gap_x));

translate([0, 0, band_width/2]) Bracelet();

/*
 *	Cut notches from disc to form final bracelet model.
 *	(Intended to be printed without top or bottom surfaces.)
 */
module Bracelet() {
	difference() {
		OuterEdge();
		Notches();
	}
}

/*
 *	Clips a circular array of wedges out of the InnerEdge ring,
 *	forming the notches that will be cut from the OuterEdge disc.
 */
module Notches() {
	intersection() {
		InnerEdge();
		for (i = [0:notch_count-1]) {
			rotate([0, 0, notch_angle*i]) Wedge();
		}
	}
}

/*
 *	Makes a triangular prism. Sized such that when subtracted
 *	from bracelet band an appropriate gap will be left between
 *	neighboring cuts, both on the inner and outer surfaces.
 */
module Wedge() {
	linear_extrude(height=band_diameter, center=true) {
		polygon(points=[
				[0, notch_tip_y],
				[inner_gap_x, inner_gap_y],
				[-inner_gap_x, inner_gap_y]]);
	}
}

/*
 *	Makes a disc like this, defining the outer edge of the band.
 *	  _______________
 *	 /               \
 *	|        +        |
 *	 \_______________/
 *
 *	Notches are subtracted from this disk to form the final bracelet.
 *
 */
module OuterEdge() {
	intersection() {
		rotate_extrude() {
			translate([torus_radius, 0, 0]) circle(r=band_radius);
			translate([torus_radius/2, 0, 0]) square([torus_radius, band_diameter], center=true);
		}
		// if band width is not less than band diameter, force an arbitrary value less than diameter
		cylinder(r=outer_radius, h=(band_width < band_diameter ? band_width : band_diameter - 1), center=true);
	}
}

/*
 *	Makes a torus like this, defining the inner edge of the band.
 *	 ____         ____
 *	|    \-------/    |
 *	|     |  +  |     |
 *	|____/-------\____|
 *
 * Wedge is cut out of this torus to form curved notch pattern.
 *
 */
module InnerEdge() {
	union() {
		rotate_extrude() {
			translate([torus_radius, 0, 0]) circle(r=band_radius);
		}
		difference() {
			cylinder(r=outer_radius+1, h=band_diameter, center=true);
			cylinder(r=torus_radius, h=band_diameter, center=true);
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable pet food slicer for canned food, based on something I found online. The original design is a simple radial slicer with a handle, but I want to be able to adjust it for different can sizes and serving amounts.

Specifically, I need:

*   **Adjustable Slicer Diameter:** The outer diameter of the slicer should be a parameter so I can adjust it to fit different can sizes.
*   **Adjustable Slicer Count:** I should be able to change the number of slices the design creates.
*   **Adjustable Slicer Height:** I'd like to be able to change the height of the slicers.
*   **Adjustable Slicer Thickness:** The thickness of each slicing blade should also be a parameter.
*   **Handle Options:** I'd like a couple of options for the handle. The first should be a simple cylindrical handle on a stem like the original, and the second should be an ergonomic handle that's wider and easier to grip. I'd like parameters for the dimensions of both handles.
*   **Stem:** The stem that connects the slicer to the handle should also have adjustable height and radius.

The original design is constructed out of several intersecting cube and cylinder parts. It uses a `for` loop to create copies of the same slicer blade shape to compose the overall slicer shape. The slices should be arranged radially, and the handle should be centered with the slices. I'd like the handle to be a separate module so it's easier to customize.

It should use OpenSCAD and I'd prefer it if you could organize the code in a parametric way. I don't want any hard coded values if I can help it. I'd like to avoid any additional libraries if possible. I'd like to specify all units in mm.

Could you create the OpenSCAD file(s) for me?

[Assistant]
FoodSlicer01.scad:
```
// Pet Food Slicer
// Hari Wiguna, 2014

sliceDiameter = 76;
sliceRadius = sliceDiameter/2;
sliceCount = 6;
sliceHeight = 10; //41;
thickness = 1.5;

stemRadius = 5;
stemHeight = 40;
handleRadius = 10;
handleHeight = 4;

$fn = 36;

union() {

	//-- Slicers --
	for (r=[1:sliceCount])
	{
		rotate(360*r/sliceCount,[0,0,1])
			translate([0,-thickness/2,0])
				cube([sliceRadius,thickness,sliceHeight]);
	}

	//-- Stem base --
	cylinder(sliceHeight,stemRadius,0);

	//-- Handle --
	translate([sliceRadius+handleRadius+10,0,0])
		Handle();
}

module Handle()
{
	union() {
		cylinder(stemHeight,stemRadius,stemRadius);
		cylinder(h=handleHeight,r=handleRadius, $fn=6);
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm trying to design some printable DIN rail segments, you know, the kind you mount electrical components on. I've been looking at Thingiverse, but I haven't found anything that's exactly what I need. I'd like a parametric design that lets me specify the length, number of mounting holes, hole diameter, and whether to include male and female keys for joining segments.

I have a couple of thoughts. First, the DIN rail profile I want to use isn't quite the standard profile (I know that's part of the DIN standard, but I've made some tweaks). I've got a DXF file with this updated profile called "dinprofile.dxf". It's slightly smaller and the corners are chamfered to make it fit better and improve its strength. I've also got another DXF file for the alignment keys, called "dinkey.dxf".  I'd like the male and female keys to be different sizes. The male key is scaled by [0.1,0.1,0.1] and the female key is scaled by [0.11, 0.11, 0.11] when linear extruded.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm hoping for in the OpenSCAD design:

*   **Parametric Dimensions:**
    *   `length`: The overall length of the DIN rail segment (in mm).
    *   `holes_per_segment`: The number of mounting holes on the segment.
    *   `hole_diameter`: The diameter of each mounting hole (in mm).
    *   `male_key`: A boolean (0 or 1) to include a male key at one end for joining with another section.
    *   `female_key`: A boolean (0 or 1) to include a female key at the other end for joining.

*   **DIN Rail Profile:**
    *   The main body of the rail will be made by linear extruding "dinprofile.dxf" by `length`.
    *   The position of the profile is defined within the .scad and will not need to be handled separately.

*   **Mounting Holes:**
    *   Mounting holes should be evenly spaced along the length of the rail.
    *   The number of mounting holes will be defined by the parameter `holes_per_segment` and should be equally spaced along the length of the rail.
    *   The mounting holes will be created using cylinders.
    *  The hole position is 17.5 from the left edge of the profile, 8 from the top edge of the profile.  The hole starts at (1, length/(holes_per_segment + 1) and incrementally steps to (holes_per_segment, length*holes_per_segment/(holes_per_segment + 1).
    *   Hole depth is fixed at 3mm.

*   **Male Key:**
    *   If `male_key` is 1, a male key should be added at the end of the rail. The male key uses "dinkey.dxf", is linear_extruded by 1.5, and scaled by [0.1,0.1,0.1].
    *   It should be positioned at the end of the rail (length-0.1)  at x -20 and z 6, and rotated [ -90, 180, 0 ].

*   **Female Key:**
    *   If `female_key` is 1, a female key should be added at the other end of the rail. The female key uses "dinkey.dxf", is linear_extruded by 10, and scaled by [0.11,0.11,0.11].
    *  The female key should be positioned on the opposite end of the male key, offset by 15 in the x direction and -0.1 in the y direction and -10 in the z. It also should be rotated [90, 0, 0].

*   **Module for Mounting Holes:**
     *  I think it would be helpful to define a `punch_mounting_holes` module that takes an `adjustment` parameter that can be used to shift the mounting hole position slightly. The adjustment should be a fractional value.

I'm not trying to build some giant parametric library, but I do need to be able to change the dimensions to suit whatever I'm mounting. I'm also trying to get away from the normal method of buying DIN rail.

I think that's all the detail I can think of right now.

[Assistant]
35mm_din_rail.scad:
```
//Length of DIN Rail to print (mm)
length = 50;//[30:200]

//Number of holes on the rail
holes_per_segment = 2; //[0:10]

//Diameter of mounting holes (mm)
hole_diameter = 3; //[0.5:5]

//Include Male Key (for attaching to other pieces of rail)
male_key = 1; // [0:1]

//Include Female Key (for attaching to other pieces of rail)
female_key = 1; //[0:1]

module punch_mounting_holes(adjustment)
{
	echo(adjustment);
	for(j = [1:holes_per_segment])
	{
		translate([17.5,8,(j+adjustment)*length/(holes_per_segment + 1)])
			rotate([90,0,0])
				cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=3, $fn=8);
	}
}

difference()
{
	difference()
	{
		union()
		{
			linear_extrude(length)import("dinprofile.dxf");
			if(male_key == 1)
			{
				rotate([-90,180,0]) translate([-20,length-0.1,6])
				{
					linear_extrude(1.5) scale([0.1,0.1,0.1]) import("dinkey.dxf");
				}
			}
		}

		punch_mounting_holes(female_key*0.25);

	};

	if(female_key == 1)
	{
		rotate([90,0,0]) translate([15,-0.1,-10])
		{
			linear_extrude(10) scale([0.11,0.11,0.11]) import("dinkey.dxf");
		}
	};
};

```
35mm_din_rail.scad:
```
//Length of DIN Rail to print (mm)
length = 50;//[30:200]

//Number of holes on the rail
holes_per_segment = 2; //[0:10]

//Diameter of mounting holes (mm)
hole_diameter = 3; //[0.5:5]

//Include Male Key (for attaching to other pieces of rail)
male_key = 1; // [0:1]

//Include Female Key (for attaching to other pieces of rail)
female_key = 1; //[0:1]

module punch_mounting_holes(adjustment)
{
	echo(adjustment);
	for(j = [1:holes_per_segment])
	{
		translate([17.5,8,(j+adjustment)*length/(holes_per_segment + 1)])
			rotate([90,0,0])
				cylinder(r=hole_diameter/2, h=3, $fn=8);
	}
}

difference()
{
	difference()
	{
		union()
		{
			linear_extrude(length)import_dxf("dinprofile.dxf");
			if(male_key == 1)
			{
				rotate([-90,180,0]) translate([-20,length-0.1,6])
				{
					linear_extrude(1.5) scale([0.1,0.1,0.1]) import_dxf("dinkey.dxf");
				}
			}
		}

		punch_mounting_holes(female_key*0.25);

	};

	if(female_key == 1)
	{
		rotate([90,0,0]) translate([15,-0.1,-10])
		{
			linear_extrude(10) scale([0.11,0.11,0.11]) import_dxf("dinkey.dxf");
		}
	};
};

```


[User]
I'd like to create a design that projects a 2D image onto a sphere and then effectively "unwraps" it back to a plane, creating a kind of relief map using the stereographic projection. The idea is that you can feed in a black and white pixel image (like a bitmap), and the black pixels will be represented by raised portions on the final 3D printed object.

Here's what I envision:

*   **Input:** A black and white pixel image of arbitrary size but with the same number of columns as rows. For example 75x75, or 100x100 or even 200x200, but always square. I'd like this to be a variable within the SCAD file.
*   **Sphere:** The image pixels will be projected onto an inner sphere and an outer sphere, creating a hollow wall. These spheres will have different radii that will be user-definable.
*   **Projection:** The projection from the image plane to the sphere should use stereographic projection, mapping a plane onto the sphere. The reference point for the stereographic projection should be at the "north pole" of the sphere.
*   **Output:** The output should be a 3D printable object. The black pixels in the input image should correspond to raised sections or walls, and white pixels will create a hollow space.
*   **Parametric:** I need to be able to control the inner and outer sphere radii, as well as the image size, so these should be parameters in the SCAD file. It would be ideal to have a parameter for the wall thickness, which is the difference between the two radii.
*   **Wall Generation:** The walls generated from each pixel should meet up to create a continuous surface - this is very important to ensure the design can be 3D printed and produces a manifold mesh. The walls need to ensure the neighboring pixels create a single shared face. If the pixels are only touching in a single corner, it would make the walls too narrow and create problems. So the walls should extend to cover the face between pixel locations.
*   **Borders:** The outer borders should be properly formed and not left "open."
*   **No Libraries:** I'm not using any external libraries like MCAD or BOSL. Everything should be defined within the main scad file.

I think this is all the details. Can you generate the SCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
stereographic.scad:
```
outer_radius=100; //[30:200]
inner_radius=98; //[29:199]

image=[0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000]; // [image_array:75x75]

size=sqrt(len(image));
hsize=size/2;
qsize=size/4;

for(x=[0:size-1]) {
	for(y=[0:size-1]) {
		if(getPoint(x,y)) {
			drawPoint(x,y);
		}
	}
}

module drawPoint(x,y) {
	xt=x-hsize;
	yt=y-hsize;
	p1=project((xt-0.5)/qsize,(yt-0.5)/qsize);
	p2=project((xt-0.5)/qsize,(yt+0.5)/qsize);
	p3=project((xt+0.5)/qsize,(yt+0.5)/qsize);
	p4=project((xt+0.5)/qsize,(yt-0.5)/qsize);
	p1i=p1*inner_radius;
	p2i=p2*inner_radius;
	p3i=p3*inner_radius;
	p4i=p4*inner_radius;
	p1o=p1*outer_radius;
	p2o=p2*outer_radius;
	p3o=p3*outer_radius;
	p4o=p4*outer_radius;
	polyhedron(points=[p1i,p2i,p3i,p4i,p1o,p2o,p3o,p4o],
		triangles=[[0,1,2],[0,2,3],[4,7,5],[7,6,5]]);
	if(x==0||!getPoint(x-1,y)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p1i,p1o,p2i,p2o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(x==size-1||!getPoint(x+1,y)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p3i,p3o,p4i,p4o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(y==0||!getPoint(x,y-1)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p4i,p4o,p1i,p1o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(y==size-1||!getPoint(x,y+1)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p2i,p2o,p3i,p3o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
}

function project(x,y)=[2*x/(1+x*x+y*y),2*y/(1+x*x+y*y),(x*x+y*y-1)/(1+x*x+y*y)];
function getPoint(x,y)=image[y*size+x]<0.5;
```


[User]
I'd like to design a customizable candle holder in OpenSCAD. It should have a circular base, some decorative spiraling legs, and a top part that holds the candle.

Here are the parameters I'd like to control:

*   **`baseRadius`**: The radius of the circular base.
*   **`holderHeight`**: The total height of the spiral legs.
*   **`candleWidth`**: The inner diameter of the candle holder at the top.
*  **`candleDepth`**: The depth of the hole at the top that will hold the candle.
*   **`baseText`**: Text to be printed on the base, limited to 3 characters.
*   **`addSpike`**: A boolean (0 or 1) to determine if a spike is added in the center of the candle holder at the top to help hold the candle in place.
*   **`spiralBlockHeight`**: The height of each cylinder used to create the spiral legs.

The design should work as follows:

The base is a cylinder with a `baseRadius` and a fixed height of `baseHeight` (let's say 10 units by default, but I'd like that to be changeable too). I'd like the `baseText` to be added on a small platform on top of the base, with the text itself rotated 180 degrees so it's readable when the base is resting on a surface. The text platform should be a cube located on top of the base.

The spiral legs should consist of four sets of cylinders arranged to form a spiral up to the `holderHeight`. Each cylinder should have a radius equal to a fifth of `baseRadius`. The cylinders should spiral around the center, starting at a radius of half of the base radius.

The candle holder at the top should have a cylinder that is hollowed out by a second smaller cylinder, to form a sort of cup shape. The outer cylinder of the holder should be slightly wider than `candleWidth` to allow for easy insertion of a candle, and have an `candleDepth` deep opening that holds the candle, along with a bit of additional height. If the `addSpike` variable is set to 1, then a spike should be added within the candle holder cylinder.

The `write.scad` library should be used to create the text on the base. I'm also assuming that you'll be creating a main scad file that will be rendering this design.

[Assistant]
candleThing.scad:
```
//Author:       Andrew Keech
//name:         candleThing.scad
//description:  A candle stick holder, used to hold candles. Can also have a bit of text on the base, maybe initials or whatever is wanted up to 3 letters before things get a bit weird. Most of the sizes can be customized to fit any candle.

$fn = 25;
include <write/Write.scad>;//For thingiverse
include <write.scad>;//For home use

//
//custamizable Variables
//

baseRadius = 20; // [20:200]
holderHeight = 75; // [20:200]
candleWidth = 10; // [5:200]
candleDepth = 10;	// [5:200]
//Limited to 3 characters
baseText = "A K";
//Add Spike to hold candle?(0=no, 1=yes)
addSpike = 0; // [0,1]
//Size of the cylinders in the legs
spiralBlockHeight = 2; // [1,2]

//
//Other variables
//

baseHeight = 10;
numberOfSteps = (holderHeight/spiralBlockHeight);
degreesPerStep = 90/(holderHeight/spiralBlockHeight);

//
//Base
//

//main base cylinder
cylinder(r=baseRadius,h=baseHeight);
//text on the base
translate([0,baseRadius/1.75,baseHeight])rotate([0,0,180])write(baseText, center = true, h=baseRadius/2,t=baseHeight/2.5);
//text platform
translate([0,baseRadius/1.75,baseHeight*0.9])cube([baseRadius,baseRadius/1.8,baseHeight/3], center=true);

//
//Center (the 4 legs)
//

//+x,+y starts at positive x, and increases y
for(x = [0:1:holderHeight/spiralBlockHeight-spiralBlockHeight])
{
	translate([cos(degreesPerStep*x)*(baseRadius/2),sin(degreesPerStep*x)*(baseRadius/2),x*spiralBlockHeight])cylinder(r=baseRadius/5,h=spiralBlockHeight);
}

//-x,+y starts at negative x, and increases y
for(x = [0:1:holderHeight/spiralBlockHeight-spiralBlockHeight])
{
	translate([-(cos(degreesPerStep*x)*(baseRadius/2)),sin(degreesPerStep*x)*(baseRadius/2),x*spiralBlockHeight])cylinder(r=baseRadius/5,h=spiralBlockHeight);
}

//-x,-y starts at negative x, and decreases y
for(x = [0:1:holderHeight/spiralBlockHeight-spiralBlockHeight])
{
	translate([-(cos(degreesPerStep*x)*(baseRadius/2)),-(sin(degreesPerStep*x)*(baseRadius/2)),x*spiralBlockHeight])cylinder(r=baseRadius/5,h=spiralBlockHeight);
}

//+x,-y starts at positive x, and decreases y
for(x = [0:1:holderHeight/spiralBlockHeight-spiralBlockHeight])
{
	translate([cos(degreesPerStep*x)*(baseRadius/2),-(sin(degreesPerStep*x)*(baseRadius/2)),x*spiralBlockHeight])cylinder(r=baseRadius/5,h=spiralBlockHeight);
}

//
//TOP
//

//base plate for the holder part
translate([0,0,holderHeight-3])cylinder(r=baseRadius*0.75,h=3);
//creates the hollow cylinder that holds the candle
difference()
{
	translate([0,0,holderHeight-2])cylinder(r=candleWidth+5,h=candleDepth+3);
	translate([0,0,holderHeight-2])cylinder(r=candleWidth,h=candleDepth+10);
}
//adds a skpike to help hold bigger candles in place if needed
if (addSpike == 1)
{
	intersection()
	{
		translate([0,0,holderHeight-2])cylinder(r=candleWidth,h=candleDepth+10);
		translate([0,0,holderHeight-2])cylinder(r1=1,h=candleDepth,r2=0);
	}
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a 3D model of a stereographic projection of a 2D image onto a sphere, similar to the example on Thingiverse (thing:294899) but with a few modifications and full parametrization.

Specifically, I need an OpenSCAD design that:

1.  **Takes a 2D image as an input array of 0s and 1s.**  The dimensions of the image should be automatically determined by the length of the array (assuming a square image). This part's important - I want it to automatically work out that a 625 element array would be a 25x25 image and so on.

2.  **Has parameters for the outer and inner radii of the sphere** on which the image is projected. These should be adjustable, with the inner radius always being smaller than the outer radius.

3.  **Projects the 2D points onto the sphere using stereographic projection.** The code in the original example includes a `project(x,y)` function. Please use that same projection for consistency.

4.  **Draws each "pixel" as a polygon.** Each pixel in the input image should be represented by a small, slightly raised rectangle. The rectangle should have its vertices projected onto both the inner and outer spheres, creating a 3D "wall" effect.

5.  **Adds polygons along edges.** Just as in the original script, where a pixel has an empty neighbor, polygons need to be added between the inner and outer points on those edges, creating "wall" boundaries that make it look like a solid object.

6.  **Is fully parametric.** All dimensions (radii, image array, etc.) must be defined as variables at the beginning of the file.

I don't need to use any external libraries. Can you generate this design?

[Assistant]
stereographic.scad:
```
outer_radius=100; //[30:200]
inner_radius=97; //[29:199]

image=[0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000]; // [image_array:75x75]

size=sqrt(len(image));
hsize=size/2;
qsize=size/4;
northpole=[0,0,outer_radius]*1;

for(x=[0:size-1]) {
	for(y=[0:size-1]) {
		if(getPoint(x,y)) {
			drawPoint(x,y);
		}
	}
}

module drawPoint(x,y) {
	xt=x-hsize;
	yt=y-hsize;
	p1=project((xt-0.5)/qsize,(yt-0.5)/qsize);
	p2=project((xt-0.5)/qsize,(yt+0.5)/qsize);
	p3=project((xt+0.5)/qsize,(yt+0.5)/qsize);
	p4=project((xt+0.5)/qsize,(yt-0.5)/qsize);
	p1i=p1*inner_radius;
	p2i=p2*inner_radius;
	p3i=p3*inner_radius;
	p4i=p4*inner_radius;
	p1o=getOuterPoint(p1i);
	p2o=getOuterPoint(p2i);
	p3o=getOuterPoint(p3i);
	p4o=getOuterPoint(p4i);
	polyhedron(points=[p1i,p2i,p3i,p4i,p1o,p2o,p3o,p4o],
		triangles=[[0,1,2],[0,2,3],[4,7,5],[7,6,5]]);
	if(x==0||!getPoint(x-1,y)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p1i,p1o,p2i,p2o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(x==size-1||!getPoint(x+1,y)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p3i,p3o,p4i,p4o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(y==0||!getPoint(x,y-1)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p4i,p4o,p1i,p1o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(y==size-1||!getPoint(x,y+1)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p2i,p2o,p3i,p3o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
}

function project(x,y)=[2*x/(1+x*x+y*y),2*y/(1+x*x+y*y),(x*x+y*y-1)/(1+x*x+y*y)];

function getPoint(x,y)=image[y*size+x]<0.5;

function getOuterPoint(p)=northpole-2*(p[2]-outer_radius)*outer_radius/lengthpow2(p-northpole)*(p-northpole);

function lengthpow2(vec)=scalarProduct(vec,vec);

function scalarProduct(vec1,vec2)=vec1[0]*vec2[0]+vec1[1]*vec2[1]+vec1[2]*vec2[2];

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to generate some interesting twisted shapes for 3D printing, and I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files) to do it. I have a design in mind based on a few parameters.

The basic idea is a series of extruded circles rotated around the z-axis. The extrusion will have a twist, like a helix. These extruded twisted circles form the arms of the overall shape. These should be arranged in a circular pattern around the z-axis, spaced equally. There should be a parameter to control the number of these arms, as well as the amount of twist per arm. I want to be able to set the extrusion length, the diameter of the circle being extruded, and the radius of the circular arrangement of the circles. It'd be nice to also be able to offset the center of the circle before it's extruded.

Additionally, I want the design to be aware of different Makerbot printer build volumes. I want a parameter to let me select the printer model (Replicator 2X, Replicator 2, Replicator Z18, Replicator Mini, and Replicator) and then the generated shape should fit within that selected build volume.

Finally, I need the ability to make cross-sections of the model along the X, Y, or Z axes. So a parameter lets me choose to cut away one of the halves using an X, Y, or Z axis, or to produce the complete shape.

I'm not concerned about libraries, but I’d like you to explicitly include the $fn parameter that controls the roundness of curved shapes. Make that configurable too.

[Assistant]
UsefulShape.scad:
```
// MakerBot Thingiverse Customizer template
// with build chamber limiter,
// Replicator model selection,
// and cross section option.
//
// by Les Hall
//
// started 3-19-2014
// All dimensions are in millimeters.
// This template works in Customizer.
//

/* [General] */

// MakerBot Replicator Model
buildVolume = 3; // [0:Replicator 2X, 1:Replicator 2, 2:Replicator Z18, 3:Replicator Mini, 4:Replicator]

// Make whole thing or half thing
crossSection = 0; // [0:whole thing, 1: positive x half, 2:negative x half, 3:positive y half, 4:negative y half, 5:positive z half, 6:negative z half]

// Thickness (mm)
wallThickness = 6; // [1:256]

// smoothness Exponent
detail = 6; // [2:10]

/* [Details] */

// height of shape (mm)
length = 62.5; // [1:1000]

// feature size (mm)
featureSize = 3; // [1:100]

// number of twisty pairs
tMax = 21; // [1:256]

// radius (mm)
radius = 25; // [1:100]

// offset(mm)
offset = 20; // [-100:100]

// number of turns
n = 10; // [1:100]

/* [Hidden] */

circleDiameter = featureSize*sqrt(2);

// size of build volume in millimeters
buildSize = [
	[246, 152, 155],
	[285, 153, 155],
	[305, 305, 457],
	[100, 100, 125],
	[252, 199, 150],
];

// select the build volume by model
MakerBotSize = buildSize[buildVolume];

// determine offset and size of cross section eraser
xs = 2*MakerBotSize[0];
ys = 2*MakerBotSize[1];
zs = 2*MakerBotSize[2];
crossSectionOffsets = [
	[ 0,   0,   0],
	[-xs,  0,   0],
	[ xs,  0,   0],
	[ 0,  -ys,  0],
	[ 0,   ys,  0],
	[ 0,   0, -zs],
	[ 0,   0,  zs]
];
crossSectionOffset = crossSectionOffsets[crossSection];
crossSectionSize = 4*MakerBotSize;

// set level of detail for round shapes
$fn = pow(2, detail);

// make it!
difference()
{
	// use intersection to ensure evertything fits in build chamber
	intersection()
	{
		// your thing goes here
		union()
		{
			for(t=[0:tMax-1], s=[-1:2:1])
			rotate(t*360/tMax, [0, 0, 1])
			translate([offset, 0, 0])
			linear_extrude(height = length,
				center = false, convexity = 10,
				twist = s*360, $fn=64)
			translate([radius, 0, 0])
			circle(r = circleDiameter/2, $fn = 4);
		}
		// build chamber size limiter
		cube(MakerBotSize, center = true);
	}
	// cross-section option
	if (crossSection > 0)
		translate(crossSectionOffset)
			cube(crossSectionSize, center = true);
}

```


[User]
Okay, so I've been looking at this thing on Thingiverse, a custom screen for filling holes (http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:112117). It's pretty neat, but it doesn't stack, and the grid spacing is kind of fixed. What I'm really trying to do is create a set of parametric, stackable classifier screens, like the kind you'd use for sifting gold or maybe separating different sizes of small parts.

So, here's what I'm envisioning:

I want the basic shape of the screen to be customizable. This would include:

*   **Hole Shape:** I need the screen to fit different shaped holes – things like triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, octagons, and circles (both rough and smooth).
*   **Diameter:** The diameter of the circle that connects the vertices of the hole shape should be adjustable.
*   **Depth:** How deep the screen sits inside the hole needs to be a parameter.
*   **Frame Thickness:** I want to control the thickness of the frame that surrounds the screen.
*   **Border Size:** If I choose to have a flush-mounted screen, I'd like to control the size of the border around it.
*   **Optional Nubs:** For circular screens, I'd like an option to include small nubs on the sides to make the fit tighter, but only if it's actually a circle.

Then I want to control the screen itself:

*   **Mesh Spacing:**  I need to adjust the spacing between the grid threads of the mesh. This has to be a number (mm).
*   **Mesh Thickness:** The thickness of the mesh threads themselves, controlled as a multiplier of my extrusion width.
*   **Screen Height:**  The overall height of the screen needs to be customizable, and ideally it should be a multiple of my printer's layer height.
*   **Indentation:** I need a way to choose if the screen is flush with the surface or recessed within the hole.

And then I want it to be aware of print settings:

*   **Layer Height:** The thickness of a single layer on my 3D printer.
*   **Skin Size:** The shell or skin thickness that my slicer uses.
*   **Extrusion Width:** The width of the filament that my 3D printer extrudes.

Finally I need it to stack

*   **Stacking Brim:** I need the frames to be designed in a way that they stack, probably with an angled brim, so it can be printed without supports. The screen, in the middle, shouldn't be in the way for stacking.

So basically, I need a way to generate OpenSCAD code that does all of that, taking into account all of those parameters. And it needs to stack, the main problem with that old design.

I think it would be best to generate two or more SCAD files. One of the SCAD files would handle the base plate and the frame and another would handle the mesh itself. I would like this program to not use any libraries.

[Assistant]
ParametricStackingClassifier.scad:
```
// Custom Screen to fill a hole (c) 2013 David Smith
// licensed under the Creative Commons - GNU GPL license.
// http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:112117

/* [Hole] */

// Hole Shape
shape= 16; // [ 3:Triangle, 4:Square, 5:Pentagon, 6:Hexagon, 8:Octagon, 16:Rough Circle, 128:Smooth Circle ]

// Diameter of a circle connecting all the points definiting your hole's shape (mm).
diameter = 100;

// Hole depth (mm)
depth = 10 ;

// Width of the screen's frame (mm).
frame_thickness = 1.2;

// Size of the border (mm). Only 'flush' screens have borders.
border_size = 2.4;

//Include nubs for tight fitting on circles
nubs = 0; //[0:1]

/* [Screen] */

// Spacing between mesh threads (mm).
mesh_space=3;

//How thick to draw the mesh in terms of the extrusion width
mesh_thick=1; //[1:10]

// Thickness of the screen (mm). It should be a multiple of your slicer's layer height for best results.
mesh_height=2.2;

// Screen is flush to the surface or recessed.
indention = 0; // [0:Recessed, 1:Flush]

/* [Slicer] */

// The thickness of your slices (mm). Screen threads are a multiple of this for their height.
printer_layer_height = 0.20;

// The shell or skin size of your slicer (mm) .
printer_skin_size =    0.4;

// The width of your extruded filament (mm). Screen threads are a multiple of this for their width.
printer_extrusion_width = 0.4;

/* [Hidden] */

smooth = shape;

custom_shape_screen();

module custom_shape_screen() {
union() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			cylinder(h=depth+1, r=diameter/2, $fn=smooth);

			if (indention == 1)
				// Brim if screen is flush and at the bottom
				cylinder(h=frame_thickness, r=(border_size + diameter/2), $fn=smooth);
			else
			{
				// OR add a small brim on the bottom side (that prints on top)
				translate([0,0,depth-printer_extrusion_width*3])
				{
					union()
					{
					cylinder(h=printer_skin_size*5, r=(printer_extrusion_width + diameter/2), $fn=smooth);
		translate([0,0,-printer_skin_size*9.5])
									cylinder(h=printer_skin_size*10,
									r2=((printer_extrusion_width + diameter + 8* printer_extrusion_width)/2),
									r1=((printer_extrusion_width + diameter)/2),
									center=false,
								   $fn=smooth);
					}
					difference()
					{
						cylinder(h=printer_skin_size*8,
								r=((printer_extrusion_width + diameter + 8* printer_extrusion_width)/2),
								$fn=smooth);
						union()
						{
							cylinder(h=printer_skin_size*10,
								r=((5*printer_extrusion_width + diameter)/2),
								$fn=smooth);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		translate([0,0,-1])
		cylinder(h=depth+3, r=(diameter/2)-frame_thickness, $fn=smooth);
	}

	meshscreen_shape(h=mesh_height,
				mesh_w=printer_extrusion_width*mesh_thick,
				mesh_space=mesh_space,
				width=diameter,
				layer_h=printer_layer_height);

	// Make little nubs on the sides to tighten the fit a little (but only for circles).
	if (smooth > 8 && nubs > 0)
	for (i = [0:3]) {
		rotate(90*i,[0,0,1])
		translate([(diameter/2),0,depth/2])
		cube(size=[1,1,depth],center=true);
	}
}
}

module meshscreen_shape(h=2,mesh_w=1,mesh_space=2,width=60,layer_h){
	intersection(){
		cylinder(r=width/2,h,$fn=smooth);
		mesh_raw(h=h,mesh_w=mesh_w,mesh_space=mesh_space,width=width,layer_height=layer_h);
	}
	difference(){
		cylinder(r=width/2,h, $fn=smooth);
		translate([0,0,-h*0.05]) cylinder(r=width/2-0,h=h*1.1, $fn=smooth);
	}
}

module mesh_raw(h=2,mesh_w=1,mesh_space=2,width=50,layer_height){
	for ( j = [0 :(mesh_w+mesh_space): width] )
	{
	   	translate([0,0,0.01])translate([-width/2+j, 0, h/4])cube([mesh_w,width,h/2-layer_height/10],center=true);
		translate([0,0,0.01])translate([0, -width/2+j, h/4])cube([width,mesh_w,h/2],center=true);
	}
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for help designing some parametric belt holders for a 3D printer. I'm basing it on the "Graber i3 xy belt holder v3" design I found online, but want a completely fresh, parametric design that can easily be customized. I'd like two main modules: one for the X-axis and one for the Y-axis, but I’d like both to be generated using the same general function, where you can indicate the holder type using a parameter (X or Y).

Here are the main parameters I’d like to be able to control:

*   **Belt Type:**  I need to be able to specify the belt type. I want it to work for GT2, T2.5, T5, HTD3, and MXL belts. This should control the tooth distance and ratio.
    *   `belt_tooth_distance`: the distance between belt teeth
    *   `belt_tooth_ratio`: the width of the belt tooth relative to the pitch.
*   **General Dimensions:**
    *   `length`: the length of the main body of the holder
    *   `width`: the width of the main body of the holder
    *   `thickness`: the thickness of the main body of the holder
    *   `extra`: an extra clearance value to add to certain dimensions
*   **Belt Dimensions:**
    *   `belt_width`: the width of the belt
    *   `belt_thickness`: the thickness of the belt (excluding teeth)
    *   `teeth_height`: the height of the teeth
*   **Fastener Dimensions:**
    *   `screw_hole_diameter`: diameter for screw holes
    *    `nut_diameter`: diameter for nuts
    *   `nut_thickness`: the thickness of nuts
*   **X-Axis Specific:**
    *   `length_plus`: Additional length added to the x-axis holder
    *   `bolt_head_diam`: bolt head diameter (equal to nut_diameter by default)
*   **Rounded Corners:** The main body of both holders should have rounded corners.

The overall design should include:

*   A main body with rounded corners.
*   Belt clamping teeth on both the top and bottom of the belt path.
*   A through hole for mounting, positioned on the center axis and with an option to mirror the mounting on the X axis holder to the left or right.
*   The general construction and shape should be similar to the provided example code, especially in regard to the X axis mount
*   The Y axis mount should be symmetrical
*   The X axis mount should have the same shape, but be longer, and have a mirrored option for the mounting hole.
*   The belt path and tooth placement should be automatically derived from the belt parameters.
*   The X axis mount should include the option for a mirrored mounting hole.

I want a single OpenSCAD file with the modules and a main entry point demonstrating use with some example values for each belt type and X and Y mounts.

I'm not looking for specific external libraries, but if you need one, please let me know. I'm not an expert in OpenSCAD so using something like BOSL2 would be fine, as long as you can generate the code without it if asked.

Let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
graber_i3_xy_beltholder_v3.scad:
```
// Graber i3 xy belt holder v3.00 by ValterFC
// January / 2014

// ******************************************************
// Select your belt type *NOT TESTED*
// ******************************************************
//T2.5
//belt_tooth_distance = 2.5;
//belt_tooth_ratio = 0.8;

//T5 (strongly discouraged)
//belt_tooth_distance = 5;
//belt_tooth_ratio = 1.05;

//HTD3
//belt_tooth_distance = 3;
//belt_tooth_ratio = 1.05;

//MXL
//belt_tooth_distance = 2.032;
//belt_tooth_ratio = 0.94;

//GT2
belt_tooth_distance = 2; // [2.5:T2.5, 5:T5, 3:HTD3, 2.032:MXL, 2:GT2]
belt_tooth_ratio = 0.8; // [0.8:T2.5, 1.05:T5, 1.05:HTD3, 0.94:MXL, 0.8:GT2]

//call main function
main();

module main()
{
	//make_object 0:left, 1:rigth

	//translate([-105, -180, 0])
	//	linear_extrude(height=5, convexity=10)
	//		import(file = "graber_i3_y_mount.dxf");

	translate([-5, -39.45, 0]) cube([12, 22.9, 3.4]);

	//Y holder
	translate([0, 0, -11]) {
		//translate([-11.2,-28,width+1]) y_holder(0);
		translate([-11,-28,width+1]) y_holder(0);
		translate([+11,-28,width+1]) y_holder(1);
	}

	//X holder
	difference() {
		union() {
			translate([-30, -3.45, 0]) cube([60, 17.3, 3.4]);
			translate([-3.7, 0, -11])
				translate([-14,5,width+1]) x_holder(0);

			translate([3.5, 0, -11])
				translate([+14,5,width+1]) x_holder(1);
		}

		translate([-23.7, 6, 3.9]) rotate([180,0,0])
			cylinder( h=4, r=screw_hole_diameter/2, $fn=30);
		translate([23.5, 6, 3.9]) rotate([180,0,0])
			cylinder( h=4, r=screw_hole_diameter/2, $fn=30);
	}

}

/*Non customizer variables*/
length = 17+0;
width = 10+0;
thickness = 21+0;
extra = 0.2+0;
belt_width = 6+0.6;
belt_thickness = 1.2+0; // Excluding teeth height (0.9)
belt_pitch = belt_tooth_distance+0;
teeth_height = 1.1+0;
teeth_width = belt_tooth_ratio+0;
screw_hole_diameter = 3+0;
nut_diameter = 5+0.8;
nut_thickness = 2.5+0;

//for x holder
length_plus = 0+4;
length_xholder = length+length_plus;
bolt_head_diam = 0+nut_diameter; //adjuste bolt head diameter
//trim block variables
trim_width = nut_thickness+0.5;
trim_pos = (length/2)-(trim_width/2);

//####################################################
// X
//####################################################
module x_holder(make_object) {
	difference()
	{
		roundedRect([length+length_plus,thickness-6,width], 2);

		//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
		// belt top
		translate([(-length-length_plus)/2,((thickness+belt_thickness+teeth_height)/4)-teeth_height,width-belt_width-4])
			cube([length+length_plus,belt_thickness+6,belt_width+4]);

		// tooth top
		for( x = [0:belt_pitch:length+1] )
		{
			translate([x-length/2,((thickness+belt_thickness+teeth_height)/4),width-belt_width-4])
			rotate(a=180,v=[0,0,1])
				cube(size=[belt_pitch-teeth_width,teeth_height+belt_thickness,belt_width+4], center=false);
		}
		//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

		//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
		// belt button
		translate([(-length-length_plus)/2,((thickness+belt_thickness+teeth_height)/4)-(teeth_height+8.7),width-belt_width])
			cube([length+length_plus,belt_thickness,belt_width+1]);

		// tooth button
		for( x = [0:belt_pitch:length+1] )
		{
			translate([x-length/2,((thickness+belt_thickness+teeth_height)/4)-7.2,width-belt_width])
			rotate(a=180,v=[0,0,1])
				cube(size=[belt_pitch-teeth_width,teeth_height+belt_thickness,belt_width+1], center=false);
		}
		//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

		// top bolt hole
		if (make_object == 1)
		{
			//plus hole (positive ou negative position)
			translate([+4+(length_plus/2),1,width+1]) rotate([180,0,0])
				cylinder( h=width+2, r=screw_hole_diameter/2, $fn=30);
		} else {
			//plus hole (positive ou negative position)
			translate([-4-(length_plus/2),1,width+1]) rotate([180,0,0])
				cylinder( h=width+2, r=screw_hole_diameter/2, $fn=30);
		}
	}
}

//####################################################
// Y
//####################################################
module y_holder(make_object) {
	length = 17+0;
	width = 10+0;
	thickness = 21+0;
	extra = 0.2+0;
	belt_width = 6+0.6;
	belt_thickness = 1.2+0; // Excluding teeth height (0.9)
	belt_pitch = belt_tooth_distance+0;
	teeth_height = 1.1+0;
	teeth_width = belt_tooth_ratio+0;
	screw_hole_diameter = 3+0;
	nut_diameter = 5+0.8;
	nut_thickness = 2.5+0;

	difference()
	{
		roundedRect([length,thickness,width], 2);

		//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
		// belt top
		translate([-length/2,((thickness+belt_thickness+teeth_height)/4)-teeth_height,width-belt_width])
			cube([length,belt_thickness,belt_width+1]);

		// tooth top
		for( x = [0:belt_pitch:length+1] )
		{
			translate([x-length/2,((thickness+belt_thickness+teeth_height)/4),width-belt_width])
			rotate(a=180,v=[0,0,1])
				cube(size=[belt_pitch-teeth_width,teeth_height+belt_thickness,belt_width+1], center=false);
		}
		//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

		//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
		// belt button
		translate([-length/2,((thickness+belt_thickness+teeth_height)/4)-(teeth_height+8.7),width-belt_width])
			cube([length,belt_thickness,belt_width+1]);

		// tooth button
		for( x = [0:belt_pitch:length+1] )
		{
			translate([x-length/2,((thickness+belt_thickness+teeth_height)/4)-7.2,width-belt_width])
			rotate(a=180,v=[0,0,1])
				cube(size=[belt_pitch-teeth_width,teeth_height+belt_thickness,belt_width+1], center=false);
		}
		//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

		translate([0,1,width+1]) rotate([180,0,0])
			cylinder( h=width+2, r=screw_hole_diameter/2, $fn=30);
	}
}

// from thingiverse.com/thing:9347
module roundedRect(size, radius)
{
	x = size[0]-radius;
	y = size[1];
	z = size[2];
	linear_extrude(height=z)
	hull()
	{
		// place 4 circles in the corners, with the given radius
  		translate([(-x/2)+(radius/2), (-y/2)+(radius/2), 0])
			circle(r=radius);

		translate([(x/2)-(radius/2), (-y/2)+(radius/2), 0])
			circle(r=radius);

		translate([(-x/2)+(radius/2), (y/2)-(radius/2), 0])
			circle(r=radius);

		translate([(x/2)-(radius/2), (y/2)-(radius/2), 0])
			circle(r=radius);
	}
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a custom pipe in OpenSCAD, kind of like that "TwistyPipe2.scad" file I found online, but I want to have more control over the shape and some other aspects. I want it to be parametric, of course.

Basically, the core idea is a straight pipe with an hourglass shape. Instead of using simple cylinders, I want to create that hourglass shape using multiple twisted strands. Each strand should be made from a circle that's extruded along a straight path, but also twisted. Imagine a twisted strand of rope, and then a whole bunch of those twisted strands coming together to form the pipe. I like the way the original design used a central hole and aeration holes in the weave.

Here are the parameters I'm thinking of:

*   **Overall Length:** The total length of the pipe.
*   **Strand Diameter:** The diameter of each individual strand circle (this is circleDiameter in the provided example).
*   **Number of Strands:** How many of those twisted strands make up the pipe.
*   **Radius Before Offset:** The radius of a circle on which the strands' starting points are located before the offset is applied, like in the example.
*   **Offset:** A radial offset for the strand circles, which will give the pipe its hourglass shape (also like the original). Positive offset should move them outwards, negative inwards.
*   **Number of Turns:**  How many 360-degree rotations each strand makes along the length of the pipe. I think it'll be cool if this is specified as 1/4 turns, like in the example.
*  **Number of Strand Sides:** the number of sides of the polygons that the strands are made of - the level of detail for the circle shape.
*   **Smoothness:** I'd like a way to control how smooth the curved parts of the pipe look, so maybe an exponent like detail, that affects $fn.

Also, it would be fantastic if we could include a build volume limitation feature that uses the specified dimensions and models of MakerBot 3D printers, and a cross-section option to make various cross-sections of the overall model like in the example file.

It'd be awesome if you could generate the necessary OpenSCAD file, or files if you feel it would be easier, to handle all that. I'm not using any special libraries, but if you think a good library is necessary, please let me know what you think might be best and what the structure of the file(s) should be. Thanks!

[Assistant]
TwistyPipe2.scad:
```
// MakerBot Thingiverse Customizer template
// with build chamber limiter,
// Replicator model selection,
// and cross section option.
//
// by Les Hall
//
// started 3-19-2014
// All dimensions are in millimeters.
// This template works in Customizer.
//

/* [General] */

// MakerBot Replicator Model
buildVolume = 4; // [0:Replicator 2X, 1:Replicator 2, 2:Replicator Z18, 3:Replicator Mini, 4:Replicator]

// Make whole thing or half thing
crossSection = 0; // [0:whole thing, 1: positive x half, 2:negative x half, 3:positive y half, 4:negative y half, 5:positive z half, 6:negative z half]

// smoothness Exponent
detail = 6; // [2:10]

/* [Details] */

// length (mm)
length = 100;  // [50:200]

// detail size
circleDiameter = 3;  // [1:16]

// number of twisty pairs (pairs)
tMax = 7;  // [1:16]

// radius before offset (mm)
radius = 5;  // [1:16]

// offset makes shape (mm)
offset = -2;  // [-16:16]

// number of 1/4 turns (turns)
num = 8;  // [1:32]

// number of strand sides
sides = 16;  // [3:32]

/* [Hidden] */
n = num/4;

// size of build volume in millimeters
buildSize = [
	[246, 152, 155],
	[285, 153, 155],
	[305, 305, 457],
	[100, 100, 125],
	[252, 199, 150],
];

// select the build volume by model
MakerBotSize = buildSize[buildVolume];

// determine offset and size of cross section eraser
xs = 2*MakerBotSize[0];
ys = 2*MakerBotSize[1];
zs = 2*MakerBotSize[2];
crossSectionOffsets = [
	[ 0,   0,   0],
	[-xs,  0,   0],
	[ xs,  0,   0],
	[ 0,  -ys,  0],
	[ 0,   ys,  0],
	[ 0,   0, -zs],
	[ 0,   0,  zs]
];
crossSectionOffset = crossSectionOffsets[crossSection];
crossSectionSize = 4*MakerBotSize;

// set level of detail for round shapes
$fn = pow(2, detail);

// make it!
difference()
{
	// use intersection to ensure evertything fits in build chamber
	intersection()
	{
		// your thing goes here
		union()
		{
			for(t=[0:tMax-1], s=[-1:2:1])
			rotate(t*360/tMax, [0, 0, 1])
			translate([offset, 0, 0])
			linear_extrude(height=length, center=false,
				convexity=10, twist=s*n*360)
			translate([radius, 0, 0])
			circle(r = circleDiameter/2, $fn=sides);
		}

		// build chamber size limiter
		cube(MakerBotSize, center = true);
	}
	// cross-section option
	if (crossSection > 0)
		translate(crossSectionOffset)
			cube(crossSectionSize, center=true);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to generate a 3D model that projects a 2D image onto a sphere, kinda like a warped globe. The way it works is based on stereographic projection.

Here's what I need:

*   The base shape should be a hollow sphere, with both an outer and inner radius. I'd like to be able to control these radii as parameters. I'll call them `outer_radius` and `inner_radius`.
*   I'll provide an array of numbers that represent a greyscale image (values should range from 0.0 to 1.0). I want this image to be projected onto the inner surface of the sphere. Each pixel should be represented by a quadrilateral shape going from the inner radius to the outer radius. Pixels with a value of less than 0.5 should be used to create a "hole", while those over 0.5 should have a "base".
*   The image will be a square and should be mapped around the sphere using the stereographic projection function as used in the included scad file. The included file uses points for each pixel, which I would like to be "filled in" so it's a continuous surface. The stereographic projection should map the image such that it's centered on the "south pole" of the sphere. I need a function to calculate and implement stereographic projection as used in the included SCAD file.
*   The included SCAD code has some functions for calculating length and scalar products, these need to be included as well.
*   The pixel squares need to be extruded in the z direction, forming the base of the "hole" into the sphere. I'd like to make sure that the sides are included, so that it will be printable. The holes have to go between the inner and outer radius.

I've attached a previous SCAD file that does a similar thing. Please generate all of the code as a single file, and I would prefer no libraries used. I'd also like to make the function modular so I can easily change the image array. Thanks!

[Assistant]
stereographic.scad:
```
outer_radius=100; //[30:200]
inner_radius=97; //[29:199]

image=[0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,1.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000]; // [image_array:75x75]

size=sqrt(len(image));
hsize=size/2;
qsize=size/4;
northpole=[0,0,outer_radius]*1;

for(x=[0:size-1]) {
	for(y=[0:size-1]) {
		if(getPoint(x,y)) {
			drawPoint(x,y);
		}
	}
}

module drawPoint(x,y) {
	xt=x-hsize;
	yt=y-hsize;
	p1=project((xt-0.5)/qsize,(yt-0.5)/qsize);
	p2=project((xt-0.5)/qsize,(yt+0.5)/qsize);
	p3=project((xt+0.5)/qsize,(yt+0.5)/qsize);
	p4=project((xt+0.5)/qsize,(yt-0.5)/qsize);
	p1i=p1*inner_radius;
	p2i=p2*inner_radius;
	p3i=p3*inner_radius;
	p4i=p4*inner_radius;
	p1o=getOuterPoint(p1i);
	p2o=getOuterPoint(p2i);
	p3o=getOuterPoint(p3i);
	p4o=getOuterPoint(p4i);
	polyhedron(points=[p1i,p2i,p3i,p4i,p1o,p2o,p3o,p4o],
		triangles=[[0,1,2],[0,2,3],[4,7,5],[7,6,5]]);
	if(x==0||!getPoint(x-1,y)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p1i,p1o,p2i,p2o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(x==size-1||!getPoint(x+1,y)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p3i,p3o,p4i,p4o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(y==0||!getPoint(x,y-1)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p4i,p4o,p1i,p1o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
	if(y==size-1||!getPoint(x,y+1)) {
		polyhedron(points=[p2i,p2o,p3i,p3o],triangles=[[0,1,2],[1,3,2]]);
	}
}

function project(x,y)=[2*x/(1+x*x+y*y),2*y/(1+x*x+y*y),(x*x+y*y-1)/(1+x*x+y*y)];

function getPoint(x,y)=image[y*size+x]<0.5;

function getOuterPoint(p)=northpole-2*(p[2]-outer_radius)*outer_radius/lengthpow2(p-northpole)*(p-northpole);

function lengthpow2(vec)=scalarProduct(vec,vec);

function scalarProduct(vec1,vec2)=vec1[0]*vec2[0]+vec1[1]*vec2[1]+vec1[2]*vec2[2];

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a customizable fence for a model railroad, specifically N scale. I've been playing around with a design, and I'd like to have a more flexible version where I can easily change the parameters.

Essentially, the fence is made up of vertical slats, horizontal bars, and vertical posts at the start, end, and in between sections of fence. I need to be able to control:

*   The number of vertical slats in a single fence section.
*   The width, height, and depth of the slats themselves.
*   The spacing between the vertical slats.
*   The depth of the horizontal bars (which should be slightly less than the depth of the slats).
*   The number of fence sections to make in a row, and therefore the overall length of the fence.

The horizontal bars should be attached to the top and bottom of the vertical slats, with the posts on the very ends, and in between each fence section. The vertical posts should also be slightly longer vertically than the slats. I was thinking a slightly smaller depth dimension would work for the bars.

Could you help me generate a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files if that makes more sense)? I think I'd like to use the BOSL2 library if it has what's needed, but otherwise whatever library you think works well. I'd like to be able to control all of these variables as parameters so I can make different fences easily.

[Assistant]
customizable_fence.scad:
```
//
//	Customizable Fence for N Scale Model Railroads
//	Steve Medwin
//	April 12, 2014
//

// preview[view:north, tilt:bottom]

Nslats=8*1;
width=0.7*1;
height=6*1;
depth=0.6*1;
spacing=1.5*1;
bar_depth=depth-0.2;
// How many fence sections?
number_sections=2; // [1:20]

module fence() {
// vertical slats
	for (i=[1:Nslats-1]){
		translate([i*spacing,0,0]) cube([width,height,depth]);
		}

// horizontal bars
	translate([0,1,depth]) cube([Nslats*spacing,width,bar_depth]);
	translate([0,height-1.1,depth]) cube([Nslats*spacing,width,bar_depth]);

// vertical post
	translate([0,,-0.250]) cube([width,height+1,depth]);
}

// make fence
for (j=[0:number_sections-1]) {
	translate ([j*Nslats*spacing,0,0]) fence();
}

// end the row of fences
// vertical post
	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,-0.25,0]) cube([width,height+1,depth]);

// horizontal bars
	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,1,depth]) cube([width,width,bar_depth]);
	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,height-1.1,depth]) cube([width,width,bar_depth]);
```


[User]
I'd like a design for a filament guide clip that can attach to a shelf or table. The basic idea is a C-shaped clip that has a cutout for filament to pass through, and the clip needs to be customizable for different shelf thicknesses.

Specifically, I want the clip to have rounded edges for a nicer look and feel. The overall shape should be a rounded rectangular solid, with a rectangular cutout on the open side that forms the "C" shape. This cutout needs to extend far enough into the solid to create a clamping area. I also want to add a through-hole on the back of the clip for the filament guide itself, and I was thinking I could add some kind of decorative element to the side, maybe something pixel-art style. The example I have uses a simple pixel art logo.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to adjust:

*   `shelfThickness`: This will be the thickness of the shelf the clip is being attached to.
*   `clipWidth`: The overall width of the clip.
*   `clipDepth`: The overall depth of the clip.
*  `clipHeight`: The overall height of the clip.
*   `cutoutWidth`: The width of the rectangular cutout that forms the "C".
*  `cutoutDepth`: The depth of the rectangular cutout that forms the "C".
*  `cutoutHeight`: The height of the rectangular cutout that forms the "C".
*   `roundRadius`: The radius of the rounded edges on the clip.
*   `guideHoleRadius`: The radius of the filament guide hole.
*  `guideHoleDepth`: How far into the object the filament guide goes.
*   `pixelArt`: The pixel art to use on the side of the clip, represented as a string of characters.
*   `pixelSize`: The size of each pixel in the pixel art.
*  `pixelDepth`: How deep into the side of the clip the pixel art is.

I need a separate file for the pixel art library I'd like to use, which I'm referring to as "8bitArt.scad". I need to use the `newPixel` module in that library, and that module needs to take in the string of pixel art characters and size, as well as the depth to cut in the pixel art.

I'm hoping you can generate all the necessary .scad files for this, including the main clip file and the 8bitArt library.

[Assistant]
filamentClip.scad:
```
//filament guide clip

use<8bitArt.scad>; //@ http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:251582

//$fa=3;
//$fs=.5;

tableThickness=15;

//rotate([90,0,0])
difference(){
	roundedSquare(s=[36,tableThickness+4,15],r=3);

	translate([-8.5,0,0])
		roundedSquare(s=[15,tableThickness,15.2],r=1);

	translate([1,-tableThickness/2,-17.5]){
		cube([20,tableThickness,35]); //table mockup ;)
		%cube([20,tableThickness,35]); //table mockup ;)
	}

	translate([-8.5,0,0]) rotate([90,0,0])
		cylinder(r=5,h=tableThickness+4.2,center=true,$fs=.5);

	translate([-17.6,0,0]) rotate ([90,90,90])
		newPixel("__*_____*__ ___*___*___ __*******__ __*__*__*__ _**__*__**_ *********** *_*******_* *_*_____*_* ___**_**___",[12,9],[.8,.8,.8],1.1,true);
}

module roundedSquare(s = [10,10,10], r = 1){
	hull(){
		for (x=[-s[0]/2+r,s[0]/2-r])
			for (y=[-s[1]/2+r,s[1]/2-r])
				translate([x,y,0])
				cylinder(r=r,h=s[2],center=true,$fs=.5);
	}

	//cube(s,center=true);
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric design for curved trays, kind of like a slice of a donut, using OpenSCAD. I've got a basic idea down, but I'd like your help to make it more robust and customizable.

The main idea is that I want to be able to define:

*   **tray_height**: The height of the tray lip.
*   **outer_diameter**: The outer diameter of the imaginary circle that the tray would be a part of.
*   **inner_diameter**: The inner diameter of that circle (creating the donut shape).
*   **length_of_outside_edge**: The length of the curved outer edge of the tray. This determines the "slice" size.

The design should then generate the tray based on these parameters.

Ideally, the design should also:

*   Be easily adjustable to create trays that can vary from a small semi-circle to something that is almost a complete circle.
*   Not have any gaps between the tray and the "cutting" blocks that create the slice.
*   Be completely parametric.

I'm not using any particular OpenSCAD libraries at the moment, and I'm hoping to have something straightforward that is easy to modify and experiment with. Could you create a single .scad file that does this?

[Assistant]
My_rostock_tray.scad:
```
//Height of the tray lip
tray_height = 25;
//The outside diameter of the circle this needs to fit.
outer_diameter = 435;
//The inside diameter of the circle this is supposed to fit.
inner_diameter = 310;
//How long should the outside edge of the tray slice be?
length_of_outside_edge = 225;

outer_circ = outer_diameter*3.14;
slice_percentage = (length_of_outside_edge/outer_circ);

slice_final_block_rotation = 360 - (90 + (360*slice_percentage));
slice_block_size = [outer_diameter*.6,outer_diameter*.6,tray_height*1.2];

translate([inner_diameter*-.4,inner_diameter*.4,0])
difference()
{
	//Draw a donut of the apropriate dimensions
	linear_extrude(height = tray_height)
		difference()
		{
			circle((outer_diameter/2),$fn=outer_diameter/2);
			circle((inner_diameter/2),$fn=outer_diameter/2);
		}

	//Subtract a group of blocks from it.
	translate([0,0,tray_height*-.2])// Drop the cut blocks slightly below Z=0
		union()
		{
			cube(slice_block_size);
			for(i=[45:45:slice_final_block_rotation])
			{
				rotate([0,0,i])cube(slice_block_size);
			}
			rotate([0,0,slice_final_block_rotation])cube(slice_block_size);
		}
}

```


[User]
I need to design some fan mounts for my RepRapPro Huxley 3D printer. I've got a random 80mm fan that I want to attach to the frame, but I want to make sure it's easily removable and adjustable. It's important that the mount is parametric so I can adjust for other fan sizes in the future.

Okay, here’s what I'm thinking:

The fan mounts should clip onto the threaded rods that make up the Huxley's frame. These are M6 rods, with a measured diameter of 5.8mm. The center-to-center distance between the rods is 154.8mm, but that's the *inner* distance between the rods. So the actual center-to-center is 154.8 + 5.8 = 160.6mm.

The fan I want to use is square, with 80mm sides. The mounting holes in the fan are 4.4mm in diameter, and the distance from the edge of the fan to the edge of these holes is 2.4mm. The fan itself is 25mm deep, and the actual depth between the inner faces of the fan's walls is 16.5mm. I want to be able to adjust how far out from the frame the fan sits, but I think an initial offset of 50mm from the rod center would be a good starting point.

The mounts should have pins that fit snugly into the fan's mounting holes, with a height of about 1.5mm for these pins. I also want the pins to be beveled a bit on one side to help slide them in easier. The clip itself that goes onto the rod should be a split design, so that it can flex and clamp onto the rod, and use a cylinder to hold it in place. I’m thinking that the clip should be 3mm wide. Also, the entry slot into the clip hole should be about 0.7 times the rod diameter, so about 4.06mm.

I want the overall arm structure that connects the clip to the fan mount to have a thickness of 6.2mm, and the arm width to be 7mm. The connection to the fan is a cylinder, 3mm thick, that is flush with the edge of the fan. I’d like the cylinders to meet at the rod clip, and at the fan attachment.

Finally, I’d like to see a preview with the mounts attached to a representative frame, so that I can visualize the result in context. I don’t need a full model of a Huxley, just the crossbars. The rods should be 207mm long and have a vertical offset (for display purposes) of about 50mm above the center point. The fan would also need to be offset vertically by the same amount.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD file(s)? I do not expect or need the use of any specialized libraries.

[Assistant]
HuxleyFanholder.scad:
```
/* [Dimensions to Measure] */
// Outer dimension of the fan (assumed square)
fanSize = 80.0;

// Diameter of the bolt holes in the fan (The clips will fit into here)
fanHoleDiameter = 4.4;

// Distance between the outer edge of the fan, and the edge of the hole
fanHoleToEdgeThickness = 2.4;

// Inner separation between top and bottom fan walls
fanEdgeSeparation = 16.5;

// Separation between the inner surfaces of the M6 rods for the Huxley Frame Triangles
rodInnerSeparation = 154.8;

/* [Fan holder customization] */
// How far out from the crossbars will the fan sit?
outwardsOffset = 50.0;

// Height of the pins that clip into the fan holes
fanPinHeight = 1.5;

/* [Display on Huxley] */
// Set to true to see four holders with representative Huxley Frame Triangles
displayOnHuxley = "yes"; // [yes,no]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=30;

// How far up the crossbar will the fan sit (just for showing in context)
verticalOffset = 50.0;

// Measured diameter of the M6 threaded rod
rodDiameter = 5.8;

// How long whould the rods be when displaying in context
rodLength = 207;

// Working calculations
rodCenterSeparation = rodInnerSeparation + rodDiameter;
fanEdgeToHoleCenter = fanHoleToEdgeThickness + fanHoleDiameter / 2;

// Horizontal offset is from center of rod to center of holes in fan
horizontalOffset = (rodCenterSeparation - fanSize) / 2 + fanEdgeToHoleCenter;

// Outer depth of the fan
fanDepth = 25.0;

// Thickness of top and bottom fan walls
fanWallThickness = 3.0;

// Thickness of the clip fingers
clipWidth = 3;

// Entry to the clip hole is this fraction of the hole diameter
clipInsetRatio = 0.7;

// How thick the overall structure will be
armThickness = 6.2;

// Width of the arm sections
armWidth = 7.0;

// Offset used to avoid infinitely thin walls when doing differences
aBit = 0.1;

// Generic tolerance for matching parts to reality
tolerance = 0.1;

module showInContext() {
	rotate([30,0,0]) {
	% HuxleyCrossbars();
	% fan();

	mirror([1,0,0]) {
		twoHolderArms();
	}
	twoHolderArms();
	}
}

module twoHolderArms() {
	for(z=[-1,1]) {
		translate([rodCenterSeparation / 2,0, (verticalOffset + fanSize / 2) + z*(fanSize / 2 - fanEdgeToHoleCenter)]) {
			rotate([0,0,-90]) {
				holderArm();
			}
		}
	}
}

module HuxleyCrossbars() {
	for(x=[-1,1]) {
		translate([x*rodCenterSeparation/2,0,0]) cylinder(h=rodLength, r=rodDiameter/2.0);
	}
}

module fan() {
	translate([0, outwardsOffset, verticalOffset + fanSize / 2]) {
		difference() {
			union() {
				difference() {
					// Cutout center of cube to leave space for fan cylinder
					cube([fanSize, fanDepth, fanSize], center = true);
					cube([fanSize + aBit, fanEdgeSeparation, fanSize + aBit], center=true);
				}
				// Add fan outer cylinder
				rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=fanEdgeSeparation, r=fanSize / 2, center=true);
			}

			// Cutout main fan hole
			rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=fanDepth + aBit * 2, r=fanSize / 2 - fanWallThickness, center=true);

			// Cutout attachment holes
			for(z=[-1,1]) {
				for(x=[-1,1]) {
					translate([x*(fanSize / 2 - fanEdgeToHoleCenter), 0, z * (fanSize / 2 - fanEdgeToHoleCenter)]) {
						rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=fanDepth + aBit, r=fanHoleDiameter / 2, center=true);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

module holderArm() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			 holderClipEnd();
			 holderElbow();
			 holderFanClip();
		}
		clipCutout();
		fanClipCutout();
	}
}

module holderClipEnd() {
	hull() {
		// Outer cylinder
		cylinder(h=armThickness, r=(rodDiameter/2) + clipWidth, center = true);
		wristCylinder();
		}
}

module clipCutout() {
	union(){
		// Inner cutout
		cylinder(h=armThickness + aBit, r=(rodDiameter/2), center = true);
		// Entry slot
		translate([rodDiameter / 2, 0, 0]) {
			cube([(rodDiameter/2 + clipWidth + aBit), (rodDiameter * clipInsetRatio), armThickness + aBit], center=true);
		}
	}
}

module wristCylinder() {
		// Cylinder closest to clip end
		translate([-(rodDiameter / 2 + clipWidth), 0, 0]) {
			cylinder(r=armWidth/2, h=armThickness, center=true);
		}
}

module elbow1Cylinder() {
		// Cylinder for elbow closest to wrist
		translate([-(outwardsOffset / 2), 0, 0]) {
			cylinder(r=armWidth/2, h=armThickness, center=true);
		}
}

module elbow2Cylinder() {
		// Cylinder for elbow closest to fan clip
		translate([-(outwardsOffset), -(horizontalOffset / 2), 0]) {
			cylinder(r=armWidth/2, h=armThickness, center=true);
		}
}

module shoulderCylinder() {
		// Cylinder closest to fan clip
		translate([-(outwardsOffset), -horizontalOffset, 0]) {
			cylinder(r=armWidth/2, h=armThickness, center=true);
		}
}

module holderElbow()
{
	union() {
		hull() { wristCylinder(); elbow1Cylinder(); }
		hull() { elbow1Cylinder(); elbow2Cylinder(); }
	}
}

module holderFanClip(){
	difference() {
		union() {
			// Fan clip pins
			translate([-(outwardsOffset), -horizontalOffset, 0]) {
				rotate([0,90,0]) {
					cylinder(h=fanEdgeSeparation + fanPinHeight *  2, r = fanHoleDiameter / 2 - tolerance, center=true);
				}
			}

			hull() {
				// Main connection cylinder
				translate([-(outwardsOffset), -horizontalOffset, 0]) {
					rotate([0,90,0]) {
						cylinder(h=fanEdgeSeparation - tolerance, r = armThickness / 2, center=true);
					}
				}

				// Far end of shoulder muscle
				translate([-(outwardsOffset), -(horizontalOffset * 3/4), 0]) {
					rotate([0,90,0]) {
						cylinder(h=fanEdgeSeparation - tolerance, r = armThickness / 2, center=true);
					}
				}

				elbow2Cylinder();
			}
		}
		// Bevel Cutout to help with installation
		translate([-(outwardsOffset + (fanEdgeSeparation + fanPinHeight * 3) / 2), -horizontalOffset, 0]) {
			rotate([0,0,30]) {
				cube([fanPinHeight, fanHoleDiameter * 2, fanHoleDiameter * 2], center=true);
			}
		}
	}
}

module fanClipCutout() {
	fanClipCutoutRadius = fanEdgeSeparation / 3;
	hull() {
		translate([-(outwardsOffset), -(horizontalOffset + fanClipCutoutRadius), 0]) {
			cylinder(h=armThickness + aBit, r = fanClipCutoutRadius, center=true);
		}

		translate([-(outwardsOffset), -(horizontalOffset - fanClipCutoutRadius), 0]) {
			cylinder(h=armThickness + aBit, r = fanClipCutoutRadius, center=true);
		}
	}
}

if(displayOnHuxley == "yes") {
	showInContext();
}
else {
	holderArm();
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to generate a customizable coupler in OpenSCAD, and I want it to be parametric so I can easily adjust its dimensions. I've included a description of the design and some initial values, and I'd like you to generate the SCAD code for me.

The coupler is essentially a cylinder with two different sized holes bored through it, one at the top and one at the bottom. There will also be a lengthwise cut through it, to split the coupler into two parts, and finally, some holes for tightening bolts and nuts.

Here are the specific parameters I have in mind:

*   **`outer_diameter`**: The overall diameter of the cylinder (default: 20mm).
*   **`height`**: The total height of the coupler (default: 30mm).
*   **`diameter_bottom`**: The diameter of the hole at the bottom of the coupler (default: 5mm).
*   **`diameter_top`**: The diameter of the hole at the top of the coupler (default: 8mm).
*   **`opening_width`**: The width of the lengthwise cut that splits the coupler (default: 2mm).
*   **`articulation_thickness`**: The thickness of the material where the two halves of the coupler meet at the cut (default: 1.5mm).
*   **`bolt_diameter`**: The diameter of the holes for the tightening bolts (default: 3mm).
*   **`washer_diameter`**: The diameter of the washer or bolt head (default: 5.5mm).
*   **`nut_diameter`**: The diameter of the nut (default: 6.25mm).
*    **`pressure_point_thickness`**: The material thickness at the nut and washer (default: 4.5mm)
*  **`resolution`**: The resolution of the cylinders. You can set this to 20.
*  **`ozp`**: This is an offset to avoid zero thickness, it should be set to 1.

The lengthwise cut should create two halves that are connected by the `articulation_thickness`. Additionally, there should be two bolt holes with corresponding nut recesses on one side and washer recesses on the opposite side. The bolts should be spaced evenly on the height of the cylinder.

Please ensure that the cylinders are created with the given resolution. I'm looking for clean and well-structured code. The final output should generate the part when compiled. I do not need any libraries from MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib or BOLTS.

[Assistant]
customizable_coupler.scad:
```
include <utils/build_plate.scad>;

// The outer diameter of the coupler
outer_diameter = 20;

// The total height of the coupler
height = 30;

// Diameter of the bottom axis (the smallest)
diameter_bottom = 5;

// Diameter of the top axis (the biggest)
diameter_top = 8;

// The aperture width
opening_width = 2;

// The y-thickness of the contact between the coupler's two parts
articulation_thickness = 1.5;

// Tightening bolts diameter
bolt_diameter = 3;

// Bolt head or washer diameter
washer_diameter = 5.5;

// Nut 'big' diameter
nut_diameter = 6.25;

// Thickness under the nut / washer, if too thin it may break :(
pressure_point_thickness = 4.5;

/* [Hidden] */
// The cylinder and holes resolution
resolution = 20;

//offset to avoid zero thickness plans
ozp = 1;

module main_cylinder(d, h) {
	cylinder(h=h, r=d/2, center=false, $fn=resolution);
}

module bottom_hole(d) {
	translate([0,0,-ozp]) {
		cylinder(h=height/2 + ozp, r=d/2, center=false, $fn=resolution);
	}
}

module top_hole(d) {
	translate([0,0,height/2 - ozp]) {
		cylinder(h=height/2 + 2*ozp, r=d/2, center=false, $fn=resolution);
	}
}

module opening_left() {
	translate([-opening_width/2,-outer_diameter/2,-ozp]) {
		cube(size=[opening_width, outer_diameter / 2, height + 2*ozp], center=false);
	}
}

module opening_right() {

	y_offset = (diameter_top/2) + opening_width/2 + articulation_thickness;
	translate([0, y_offset, -ozp]) {
		cylinder(h=height + 2*ozp, r=opening_width/2, center=false, $fn=20);
	}

	translate([-opening_width/2,y_offset,-ozp]) {

		cube(size=[opening_width, outer_diameter / 2, height + 2*ozp], center=false);
	}
}

module bolt_hole(z) {

	y_offset_bolt = -((outer_diameter-diameter_top)/4 + (diameter_top*1/3));

	//main hole:
	translate([0,y_offset_bolt,z]){
		rotate([0,90,0]) {
			cylinder(h=outer_diameter, r=bolt_diameter/2, center=true, $fn=resolution);
		}
	}

	//nut:
	translate([(opening_width/2) + pressure_point_thickness, y_offset_bolt, z]) {
		rotate([0,90,0]) {
			cylinder(h=outer_diameter, r=nut_diameter/2, center=false, $fn=6);
		}
	}

	//washer:
	translate([-outer_diameter - (opening_width/2) - pressure_point_thickness, y_offset_bolt, z]) {
		rotate([0,90,0]) {
			cylinder(h=outer_diameter, r=washer_diameter/2, center=false, $fn=resolution);
		}
	}

}

module debug(name, value) {
	echo(name, value);
}

module main() {
	difference() {
		main_cylinder(outer_diameter, height);
		bottom_hole(diameter_bottom);
		top_hole(diameter_top);
		opening_left();
		opening_right();
		bolt_hole(height * 1/4);
		bolt_hole(height * 3/4);
	}
}

main();
//bolt_hole(0);
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a simple toy car in OpenSCAD and I'd like some help with the code.

The car should have two axles, one at the front and one at the back. The front wheels should be smaller than the back wheels. I'm thinking of having the front wheel radius at 30mm and the back wheel radius at 40mm. Both wheels should have a width of 20mm.

The distance between the axles should be twice the sum of the front and back wheel radii, which would be 140mm, so that the wheel center points align with the vertical center of the car. I'd like the wheels on each axle to be separated by half of the axle spacing. The body of the car should be a simple rounded shape that is located above the wheel axles. The total length of the car body should be the distance between the front and back axles plus the radii of the wheels, plus another 20mm (so that the wheels appear within the body of the car).

For the wheel design, I was hoping for a cylindrical shape with a cut-out, creating a tire look and slightly inset. The cut out radius would be 5mm smaller than the outer radius, and the cutout depth would be 5mm, so it goes half-way into the wheel (wheel width of 20mm)

I'd also like the code to be parametric so I can easily adjust the different dimensions of the car (wheel radii, width, axle spacing and so on). Could you help me put together the OpenSCAD code for this? I'd like to have a main .scad file, and maybe a module file if it is helpful to keep things organized.

[Assistant]
car.scad:
```

front_wheel_radius = 30;
back_wheel_radius = 40;
wheel_width = 20;

axe_spacing = 2*(front_wheel_radius+back_wheel_radius);
wheel_spacing = axe_spacing/2;

car_length = axe_spacing + front_wheel_radius+back_wheel_radius + 20;

module wheel(radius, width)
{
	difference()
	{
		cylinder(h=width,r=radius);
		translate([0,0,width-5])
			cylinder(h=width,r=radius-5);
	}
}

module front_wheel()
{
	wheel(front_wheel_radius, wheel_width);
}

module back_wheel()
{
	wheel(back_wheel_radius, wheel_width);
}

module wheel_pair(spacing)
{
	// axe
	rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=spacing,r=1,center=true);
	// left wheel
	translate([0,spacing/2,0]) rotate([-90,0,0]) child();
	// right wheel
	translate([0,-spacing/2,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) child();
}

// car body
translate([-axe_spacing/2,0,wheel_spacing/2+front_wheel_radius/3])
	hull()
	{
		sphere(wheel_spacing/2);
		translate([axe_spacing,0,0]) scale([1,1,1/2]) sphere(wheel_spacing/2);
	}

// front wheels + axe
translate([axe_spacing/2,0,front_wheel_radius]) wheel_pair(wheel_spacing) front_wheel();
// back wheels + axe
translate([-axe_spacing/2,0,back_wheel_radius]) wheel_pair(wheel_spacing) back_wheel();

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a parametric OpenSCAD design for a chainmaille weave called Half Persian 3 in 1. I want to be able to easily adjust the length of the chain, the wire diameter, and the aspect ratio of the rings.

The design consists of segments of two interlinked rings. These are then linked together to form the chain. Each segment consists of a pair of interlocked rings, and these ring pairs are linked to the next segment at an offset. I'm thinking of something like in the provided SCAD file, but I would like it to be more configurable and less hard-coded. In particular, I'd like to be able to set the angle between the rings in a pair, as well as the number of pairs in the chain.

I'd like to be able to adjust the following parameters:

*   `numSegments`: The number of ring pairs that make up the chain.
*   `wireDiameter`: The diameter of the wire used to make the rings (in mm).
*   `ringAR`: The aspect ratio of the rings (inner diameter divided by wire diameter).
*   `ringAngle`: The angle between the rings in a pair.
*  `smoothness`: A variable to adjust the resolution of the circles and extruded paths.

I'd like the output to be a chain of these segments, laid out in a straight line. So the modules should generate a single segment, and then the main module should translate the segments to form the chain.

I am not sure if this will help you generate the code, but I have included a link to an information page for the weave. http://mailleartisans.org/weaves/weavedisplay.php?key=52

Please make sure to use the `$fn` variable to control the resolution of the circles and other curves. I'd like to have a good balance between smoothness and rendering time, so including a "smoothness" variable should allow me to adjust it as I like.

[Assistant]
HalfPersian3in1_Customizer.scad:
```
// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

numSegments = 4;
// Diameter of ring in mm
wireDiameter = 2;
// Aspect ratio of the ring (Inner diameter/Wire diameter)
// Fusing begins at about AR=4.0
ringAR = 4.2;

// Smoothness factor (larger = smoother, but longer to generate stl)
smoothness = 30;

for (i=[1:numSegments])
{
	translate([i*(ringAR*wireDiameter*cos(32.5)-wireDiameter*0.4),0,0])
	union()
	{
		translate([0,wireDiameter/6,(wireDiameter+wireDiameter*ringAR)*sin(0)/2+wireDiameter/2])
		rotate([0,20,0])
		ring(wireDiameter, ringAR);
		translate([wireDiameter*0.67,0,0])
		rotate([90,180,0])
		translate([0,wireDiameter/6,(wireDiameter+wireDiameter*ringAR)*sin(0)/2+wireDiameter/2])
		rotate([0,20,0])
		ring(wireDiameter, ringAR);
	}
}

module separatedPair(dist, wd, ar)
{
	union()
	{
		translate([0,0,dist/2])
		ring(wd,ar);
		translate([0,0,-dist/2])
		ring(wd,ar);
	}
}

module angledPair(angle, wd, ar)
{
	union()
	{
		translate([0,0,(wd+wd*ar)*sin(angle)/2+wd/2])
		rotate([0,angle,0])
		ring(wd,ar);

		translate([0,0,-(wd+wd*ar)*sin(angle)/2-wd/2])
		rotate([0,-angle,0])
		ring(wd,ar);
	}
}

module ring(wd, ar)
{
	rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn=smoothness)
	translate([ar*wd/2+wd/2, 0, 0])
	circle(r = wd/2, $fn=smoothness);
}
```