[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a custom razor and brush stand in OpenSCAD. I've got some specific ideas in mind and I'd like to make it highly customizable.

Here's what I'm thinking:

**General Structure:**
The stand will have a base, a vertical post, and a top piece that holds both a razor and a brush. I'd like to be able to generate either just the top or bottom, or both parts connected, or even the parts side-by-side for easy printing if the printer isn't tall enough.

**Base:**
*   It should be a cylinder with a customizable diameter and height.
*   There should also be a smaller diameter cylinder that rises out of the center of the base, acting as the main post, with a customizable height and diameter.
*   Finally there should be a small connector nub at the top of the stand for connecting the top piece.

**Top Piece:**
*   The top piece will have a horizontal bar that extends outwards from the top of the vertical post.
*   This bar should have customizable width, and the length to the brush and razor should both be customizable, that way I can adjust the spacing as needed. The bar height should also be customizable.
*   There will be two holder arms attached to the bar. Each holder arm needs to accommodate either a brush or a razor. The brush holder should be positioned further away from the central post, and the razor holder should be closer.
*   The holder arms should have a customizable width and height.
*   The holders themselves should be semi-circular with a gap to allow easy insertion and removal of a brush or razor. The holders' diameters (both brush and razor) should be customizable, so that the stand can accommodate different models. The angle of the semi-circular portion should also be customizable.
*   There should be a small connector nub on the bottom for connecting to the post.

**Customization:**

I need to be able to easily customize all of the dimensions mentioned above through variables. Specifically, I want to be able to specify:

*   Base diameter
*   Base height
*   Stand diameter
*   Stand height
*   Connector nub diameter
*   Width of the holder bar
*   Length of brush holder to center
*   Length of razor holder to center
*   Height of holder bar
*   Brush diameter
*   Razor diameter
*   Width of holder arms
*   Height of the holders
*   Angle of the holders

Also, it should have an overall `part` parameter that can take values like "side", "both", "top", and "bottom", to determine what part(s) are generated. "Side" should generate a top and bottom side-by-side.

I'm not using any libraries right now so everything should be basic OpenSCAD. Could you generate the necessary `.scad` file or files to achieve this? Thanks!

[Assistant]
razor_stand.scad:
```

/* [Global] */

part = "both"; // [side:Side By Side,both:Both,top:Top,bottom:Bottom]

/* [Base] */

//Base Diameter
base_d = 65;
//Base height
base_h = 4;
//Stand diameter
stand_d = 10;
//Stand height
stand_h = 100;
//Connector nub diameter
conn_d = 5;

/* [Top] */

//Width of holder bar
bar_w = 10;
//Length of brush holder to center
bar_l_brush = 15;
//Length of razor holder to center
bar_l_razor = 10;
//Height of holder bar
bar_h = 3;

//Brush diameter (should be a a few mm than actual)
brush_d = 27;
//Razor diameter (should be a a few mm than actual)
razor_d = 17;

//Width of holder arms
holder_w = 6;

/* [Hidden] */
holder_h = bar_h;
bar_l = bar_l_brush + bar_l_razor;
conn_h = holder_h;

// http://forum.openscad.org/Creating-pie-pizza-slice-shape-need-a-dynamic-length-array-td3148.html
module pie_slice(d, angle) {
    $fn=64;
    R = d / 2 * sqrt(2) + 1;
    a0 = (0 * angle) / 4;
    a1 = (1 * angle) / 4;
    a2 = (2 * angle) / 4;
    a3 = (3 * angle) / 4;
    a4 = (4 * angle) / 4;
    intersection() {
        circle(d=d);
        polygon([
            [0,0],
            [R * cos(a0), R * sin(a0)],
            [R * cos(a1), R * sin(a1)],
            [R * cos(a2), R * sin(a2)],
            [R * cos(a3), R * sin(a3)],
            [R * cos(a4), R * sin(a4)],
            [0,0]
        ]);
    }
}

module holder(width, h, d, angle) {
    $fn=64;
    nub_w = width / 3;
    rotate([0, 0, 90-angle/2])

    union() {
        linear_extrude(h)
        difference() {
            circle(d=d + width);
            circle(d = d);
            pie_slice(d + width, angle);
        }
        translate([d/2 + width/4, 0]) cylinder(5, d=nub_w);
        rotate([0, 0, angle]) translate([d/2 + width/4, 0]) cylinder(5, d=nub_w);

    }
}

module bottom() {
    union() {
        cylinder(base_h, d=base_d);
        cylinder(stand_h, d=stand_d);
        cylinder(stand_h + conn_h, d=conn_d);
    }
}

module top() {
    union() {
        difference() {
            translate([-bar_w/2, -bar_l_razor, 0]) cube([bar_w, bar_l, bar_h]);
            translate([0, 0, -1]) cylinder(bar_h + 2, d=5 + .1);
        }
        translate([0, +bar_l_brush + brush_d/2, 0])
            holder(holder_w, holder_h, brush_d, 110);
        translate([0, -bar_l_razor - razor_d/2, 0])
            rotate([0, 0, 180]) holder(holder_w, holder_h, razor_d, 110);
    }
}

if (part == "bottom") {
    bottom();
} else if (part == "top") {
    top();
} else if (part == "both") {
    translate([0, 0, stand_h]) top();
    bottom();
} else { //if (part == "side") {
    translate([base_d / 2  + max(brush_d, razor_d) / 2 + 10, 0, 0]) top();
    bottom();
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a parametric radial bearing toy. I've got a pretty clear idea of what I want, and I've even seen a working example, so hopefully this won't be too hard. Basically, it consists of two rings, one inside the other, with ball bearings rolling between them.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

**Rings:**

*   `inner_radius`: The radius of the inner ring (in millimeters).
*   `height`: The total height of the bearing (in millimeters).
*   `width`: The width of each ring (in millimeters).
*   `ring_fillet`: The radius of the curve/fillet on the outside edges of the rings (in millimeters).
*   `ring_resolution`: The resolution for curves (number of segments) in the rings.

**Bearings:**

*   `bearing_count`: The number of ball bearings in the bearing.
*   `bearing_radius`: The radius of the ball bearings (in millimeters).
*   `bearing_tolerance`: The distance between the balls and the rings (in millimeters).
*  `bearing_support`: This needs to be an integer that can be 0, 1, or 2. This should select a different type of support for the bearings. `0` means no support, `1` is a ring support, and `2` is column support for each bearing.
*   `bearing_resolution`:  The resolution (number of segments) for the ball bearings and columns.

**Functionality:**

*   The design should have a main module that creates the rings using rotate_extrude and difference to cut out the bearing channels in each ring. The rings should be separate from each other by the width of the bearing plus some tolerance.
* There needs to be an optional support structure. There should be three types, with `0` being no support, `1` being a support ring that goes under the bearings, and `2` being support columns, one under each bearing.
*   Ball bearings should be created and placed between the rings using the `bearing_count` parameter.
*   I'd like the entire design to be parametric so that I can easily modify the dimensions and generate different sized bearings.

I think that covers everything.  I'm hoping for a clean, well-structured OpenSCAD file that's easy to modify. I'm not sure which libraries would be best for this, so I'm leaving that up to you. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Radial_Bearing.scad:
```
// Parametric Radial Bearing
// By Antyos

/* [Rings] */

// Inside radius (mm)
inner_radius = 20;
// Total height of bearing (mm)
height = 7.5;
// Width of the rings (mm)
width = 4;
// Radius of the curve of the outside of the rings (mm)
ring_fillet = 2.5;
// Resolution of rings
ring_resolution = 100;

/* [Bearings ] */

// Number of bearings - Make sure you have enough (mm)
bearing_count = 24;
// Radius of the balls (mm)
bearing_radius = 3;
// Distance between balls and rings (mm)
bearing_tolerance = 0.125;
// Generate support for the bearings
bearing_support = 2; // [1:Ring, 2:Columns, 0:None]
//The resolution of the bearings
bearing_resolution = 50;

module createFillet(){ // Create the fillets
    translate([-ring_fillet/2,-ring_fillet/2,0])
    difference(){ // Create square with arc
        square(ring_fillet); // Create square
        circle(ring_fillet, $fn=ring_resolution); // Create circle to remove

        }
}
// Creates the pattern to be revolved for the ring
module ring_tile(){
    difference(){
        translate([0,width/2,0])square([height, width], center = true); //main body
        union(){ // Make cut outs
    translate([ring_fillet/2+(height/2-ring_fillet),ring_fillet/2,0]) rotate([0,0,270])createFillet();// Move fillet into position

    mirror(0,1,0)translate([ring_fillet/2+(height/2-ring_fillet),ring_fillet/2,0]) rotate([0,0,270])createFillet(); // Move other fillet into position

    translate([0,width+bearing_radius/2+bearing_tolerance,0])circle(r=bearing_radius+bearing_tolerance, $fn=ring_resolution/4); // Bearing chanel
        }
  }
}

// Creates both rings
module createRings(){
 rotate([0,0,90])translate([0,inner_radius,0]){ //move rings into position
         ring_tile(); // Create inner ring
    mirror([0,1,0])translate([0,-(width*2+bearing_radius+bearing_tolerance*4),0])ring_tile(); // Create outer ring seperated from the inner ring
         }
}

module support(support_type){
		if (support_type == 1) // Support type = Ring
				difference(){ // Create the circle
        circle(r = inner_radius+width+bearing_radius *0.75+bearing_tolerance*4); // Circle
        circle(r = inner_radius+width+bearing_radius*0.25); // Hole in the middle
    }

    if (support_type == 2) // Support type = Columns
for(i = [0 : bearing_count]){ // Create collumn under every bearing
    rotate(i* 360 / bearing_count, [0,0,1]) // Get angle of bearing
    translate([inner_radius+width+(bearing_radius/2)+bearing_tolerance*2,0,0]) // Move circle into position
    circle(bearing_radius/2.5, $fn=bearing_resolution); // Generate collumn (circle)
}

}

rotate_extrude($fn=ring_resolution) createRings(); // Create the rings

for(i = [0 : bearing_count]){ // Create all the ball bearings
    rotate(i* 360 / bearing_count, [0,0,1]) // Get angle of bearing
    translate([inner_radius+width+(bearing_radius/2)+bearing_tolerance*2,0,0]) // Move bearing into position
    sphere(bearing_radius, $fn=bearing_resolution); // Generate bearing
}

translate([0,0,-height/2]) //move to base of bearing
linear_extrude(height = (height/2 - bearing_radius)) //extrude to bearing base to support them
support(bearing_support);
```


[User]
Hey, I need to create some end caps for my aluminum extrusions, and I'd like a parametric design that I can customize in OpenSCAD. I've seen some designs that are close, but I want to make sure I've got all the features I need in a single, easy-to-use file.

Here's what I'm looking for:

*   **Basic End Cap Shape:** The end caps need to fit snugly inside the extrusion channels. These extrusions have a standard T-slot design, which means they'll need a set of tabs that go into the slots, as well as a main body that covers the end of the extrusion.

*   **Extrusion Size:** I need to be able to set the main extrusion size, which will determine the size of the end cap itself. I'd like to be able to specify sizes like 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 40mm, and 50mm, but it would be great if the design could handle other sizes too if I need to make them down the road.

*   **Double-Wide Option:** I'd like the option to create a double-wide cap. This would be for things like 40x80 or 20x40 extrusions. If that option is selected, I'd need the design to create two complete end caps side-by-side that are joined together.

*   **Hole Option:** I want to be able to specify the number of holes in the end cap. This should be configurable in the main OpenSCAD file. If it's a single-wide end cap, I should be able to select from no holes or one hole, and if it's a double-wide end cap, I should be able to select no holes, one hole in the center of each cap, or two holes (one in each cap). The hole should be a simple cylinder.

*   **T-Slot Details:** I need parameters for the following T-slot measurements:
    *   Width of the exterior slot at the T base
    *   Wall thickness of the extrusion at the T base
    *   Length of the T crossbar
    *   Depth of the crossbar before the taper

*   **T-Slot Taper:** The T-slots are not a perfect rectangle and usually taper a bit. I need parameters to define this taper. I need:
    *   The bottom width of the taper
    *   The top width of the taper
    *   The taper depth

*  **End Cap Details:**
    *  End cap thickness
    *  Corner rounding radius for the end cap's edges
    *  Hole Diameter, when a hole is selected
    *  Length of tabs that fit into each T slot
    *  A value to make the fit slightly undersized for a good fit.

I think that's everything. It would be nice to have it well-commented so it's easy to understand. I'd also like it if the design was reasonably efficient. I don't need anything super fancy - just a solid, functional end cap. I'm not using any particular external libraries yet, so I think you could just implement this in base OpenSCAD.

[Assistant]
Improved_Extrusion_Cap_v0.6.4.scad:
```
// Improved Extrusion End Cap
// Original by jag
// Modified by Bill Gertz (billgertz) on 31 August 2015
// Version 0.6.4
//
// Fixed:
// 0.5     billgertz   Modified code to create double (2n x n) end caps with no, one or two holes
//                     Modified tab height to clarify length as a seperate tab
// 0.6.3   billgertz   Modified and corrected for customizer
// 0.6.4   billgertz   Added work around Customizer bug by renaming [Global] to [General] tab
//
// Improved Extrusion End Cap by billgertz is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
// Based on a work at http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:43756
// All measurements are in mm
//

/* [General] */
// set to print a double wide cap e.g. 40x80
double_wide_cap="yes";       // [yes,no]

// set holes, but for:
//       double wide (double_wide_cap=true): > 2 generates only two holes
//       single wide (double_wide_cap=false): > 1 generates one hole
//       either: < 0 generates no holes

// number of holes //
holes=0;                     // [0:none,1:one,2:two]

/* [T Slot Base] */
// width of exterior slot at T base (mm)
slot_width=8.35;             //
// wall thckness of extrusion at T base (mm)
slot_thickness=4.5;          //

/* [T Slot Crossbar] */
// length of T crossbar (mm)
t_width=19.0;                //
// depth of crossbar before taper (mm)
t_depth=3.5;                 //

/* [T Slot Crossbar Taper] */
// most T slot excrusion narrows at top of T crossbar this is modeled with a trapazoid

// bottom of taper use T Width (mm)
trapezoid_bottom_width=19.0; //
// top of taper (mm)
trapezoid_top_width=9.5;     //
// taper width (mm)
trapezoid_depth=3.6;         //

/* [End Cap] */
// extrusion size (mm)
extrusion_size=40;           // [10,15,20,25,30,40,50]
// end cap thickness (mm)
end_cap_thickness=3;         // [2:10]
// corner rounding radius (mm)
corner_rounding=2;           // [2:5]
// hole diameter (mm)
hole_size=7.7;               //
// length of tabs that fit into each T slot (mm)
tab_height=7;                //
// trim for good fit (mm)
undersize=0.2;		         //

if (double_wide_cap == "yes") {
    union() {
        translate([0,-extrusion_size,0])

            if (holes > 1) {
                end_cap_with_hole();
            } else {
                end_cap();
            }

        if (holes > 0) {
               end_cap_with_hole();
        } else {
               end_cap();
        }

        patch();

    }

} else {
    if (holes > 0) {
        end_cap_with_hole();
    } else {
        end_cap();
    }
}

module end_cap_with_hole() {
    difference() {
        end_cap();
        cylinder(r=hole_size/2, h=end_cap_thickness*4, center=true, $fn=30);
    }
}

module end_cap() {
    union() {

        for (a=[0:3])
            rotate([0,0,90*a])
                translate([0,-extrusion_size/2,0])
                    t_slot();

        translate([-extrusion_size/2+corner_rounding, -extrusion_size/2+corner_rounding,0])
            minkowski() {
                cube([extrusion_size-corner_rounding*2,extrusion_size-corner_rounding*2,end_cap_thickness-1]);
                cylinder(r=corner_rounding, h=1, $fn=30);
            }

    }

}

module t_slot() {
	translate([-slot_width/2+undersize/2,0,0])
		cube([slot_width-undersize, slot_thickness+t_depth, tab_height+end_cap_thickness]);
	translate([-t_width/2+undersize/2,slot_thickness,0])
		cube([t_width-undersize,t_depth-undersize+0.01,tab_height+end_cap_thickness]);
	translate([0,slot_thickness+t_depth-undersize,0])
		linear_extrude(height=tab_height+end_cap_thickness)
			trapezoid(bottom=trapezoid_bottom_width-undersize, top=trapezoid_top_width-undersize, height=trapezoid_depth-undersize);
}

module trapezoid(bottom=10, top=5, height=2) {
	polygon(points=[[-bottom/2,0],[bottom/2,0],[top/2,height],[-top/2,height]]);
}

module patch() {
    translate([-extrusion_size/2,-extrusion_size/2-corner_rounding,0])  // create patch for rounded corners at join
        cube([extrusion_size,corner_rounding*2,end_cap_thickness]);
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for an anti-backlash/wobble Z-axis mechanism, something like those used in 3D printers, but very adjustable.  I've been messing with some designs but want a clean start.

The basic idea is this: I need a central part that connects to a lead screw. This main part should have a cylindrical body, and then a flange for mounting to a printer carriage. It will also incorporate threaded rod and smooth rod for the lead screw and smooth rod respectively. The central part should have two mounting points for smooth rods and a central mounting point for the threaded rod. Think of it like a clamp for the Z-axis. The smooth rod mounts need to allow for a little play (maybe 0.5mm bigger in diameter) so things don't bind up from any misalignment. The threaded rod mount should accommodate the lead screw. The lead screw mount needs to be adjustable too.

Here's a more detailed breakdown of the design:

*   **Central Body:**
    *   A cylindrical core with a diameter that I can set parametrically.
    *   A flange on one side of the core, also with a diameter and height that can be changed as parameters, for mounting.
    *   A threaded rod through the core with the lead screw that can also be set parametrically.
    *   The threaded rod should extend beyond the mounting flange.

*   **Smooth Rod Mounts:**
    *   Two mounting cylinders for the smooth rods, positioned symmetrically on either side of the threaded rod.
    *   The cylinder mounts should be able to fit rods of a parametric diameter, but with a small clearance around the rods to prevent binding (around 0.5mm as mentioned before, which would be added to the parameter).
    *   These cylinder mounts should be through-holes, not blind holes.
    *   The distance between the two smooth rod centers should be a parameter.

*   **Threaded Rod Mount:**
    *   A through-hole that has an adjustable diameter to fit the threads of the lead screw, this should also be a parameter.
    *    The clearance on this hole should also be adjustable.

*   **Mounting Bolt Holes:**
    *   A couple of mounting bolt holes in the flange.  Make these countersunk for M3 screws, positioned to allow for easy mounting.
     *  The number of mounting bolts and their placement should be parameters.

I'd like the whole design to be easily customized, so please use parameters for:

*   Core Diameter.
*   Flange Diameter.
*   Flange Thickness.
*   Threaded Rod Diameter.
*  Threaded rod clearance.
*   Smooth Rod Diameter.
*   Smooth Rod Clearance.
*   Distance between Smooth Rod Centers.
*   Lead Screw Length
*  Lead screw extension from the flange.
*   Number of mounting bolts in the flange.
*   Mounting bolt diameter.
*   Mounting bolt spacing.

Could you design this in OpenSCAD? I'm not sure what libraries would be helpful for something like this, but you probably have a better idea.

[Assistant]
anti_backlash.scad:
```

screw_len=6; //total threaded length
minus=4;
$fn=50;

//color([0.6,0.2,0.3])import("anti-z-wobbling.stl");

difference(){
hull()
{
cylinder(d=25,3);
translate([20,0,0])cylinder(d=23,3);
translate([0,0,-screw_len+minus])cylinder(d=25,screw_len-minus);
translate([20,0,-screw_len+minus])cylinder(d=23,screw_len-minus);
}

for(i=[0:1]){
rotate(i*-360/2){translate([0,8,-screw_len-1])cylinder(d=3.5,screw_len+5);
translate([0,8,0])cylinder(d=6,4);
   }
   }

translate([0,0,-screw_len-3]){
hull(){
cylinder(d=10.5,screw_len*2);
translate([-13,0,0])cylinder(d=10.5,screw_len*2);
}
hull(){
translate([20,0,0])cylinder(d=8.25,screw_len*2);
translate([30,0,0])cylinder(d=8.25,screw_len*2);
}
}
}
```
anti_backlash.scad:
```

screw_len=6; //total threaded length
minus=4;
$fn=50;

//color([0.6,0.2,0.3])import("anti-z-wobbling.stl");

difference(){
hull()
{
cylinder(d=25,3);
translate([20,0,0])cylinder(d=23,3);
translate([0,0,-screw_len+minus])cylinder(d=25,screw_len-minus);
translate([20,0,-screw_len+minus])cylinder(d=23,screw_len-minus);
}

for(i=[0:1]){
rotate(i*-360/2){translate([0,8,-screw_len-1])cylinder(d=3.5,screw_len+5);
translate([0,8,0])cylinder(d=6,4);
   }
   }

translate([0,0,-screw_len-3]){
hull(){
cylinder(d=10.5,screw_len*2);
translate([-13,0,0])cylinder(d=10.5,screw_len*2);
}
hull(){
translate([15,0,0])cylinder(d=8.25,screw_len*2);
translate([30,0,0])cylinder(d=8.25,screw_len*2);
}
}
}
```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a box that can be cut on a CNC router using T-slots for assembly. I'm not using a laser cutter, so the design needs to take the tool diameter into account, including tool diameter compensation for the cutouts. I'd like the design to use screws for the T-slots, not just press-fit.

Here are the key parameters I need:

*   **Box Dimensions:** I need to be able to specify the width, height, and depth of the box.
*   **Material Thickness:** I need to specify the thickness of the material I'm using, usually plywood.
*   **Tool Diameter:** I need to specify the diameter of the end mill I'm using for the CNC router. The design should account for the tool diameter in the cutouts, adding a tolerance for the fit.
*  **Screw Parameters:** I need to specify the screw diameter and length that will be used in the T-slots.
*   **T-Slot Placement:** The T-slots should be automatically placed based on the box dimensions, respecting a minimum spacing, and should be along the edges of the panels. The spacing between the t-slots should be automatically calculated. The t-slots should be placed on the inside of the box.
*   **Tolerance:** There should be a small tolerance built into the slot dimensions for easy assembly.
*  **T-Slot Details:** The T-slot should be designed to accept the head of the screw and a nut to be tightened against the back of the material using a slit cut perpendicular to the t-slot.
* **Output Modes:** I want the design to have two output modes: a flat mode that lays out all the panels on the XY plane, and a 3D mode that renders the assembled box.

The design should consist of the following panels: top, bottom, front, back, left, and right. Each panel should have the correct T-slots and be labeled with its name (e.g. "Top"). The T-slots should be placed on the edges of each panel that connects to another panel and should be integrated directly into the panel design. The box will be a rectangular prism and the panels should be designed accordingly.

The T-slots should be parametrically designed, such that the pins and holes can be adjusted based on the parameters above.

I'm not using any external libraries. Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for this design?

[Assistant]
t_slot.scad:
```
/* [Global] */

// Mode
t_slot_box_demo_mode = ""; // [Flat, 3D]

// Box width
t_slot_box_demo_width = 150; // [70:300]

// Box height
t_slot_box_demo_height = 200; // [70:300]

// Box depth
t_slot_box_demo_depth = 270; // [70:300]

// Plywood thickness
stock_thickness = 6.5;

// End mill diameter for CNC router or 0 for laser
tool_diameter = 3.175;

// Screw diameter
t_slot_screw_d = 4;

// Screw length
t_slot_screw_l = 16;

/* [Hidden] */

cnc_tolerance = 0.05;
end_mill_d = tool_diameter * 1.1;
t_slot_hole_width = stock_thickness + 2 * cnc_tolerance;
t_slot_pins_o = stock_thickness - 0.5;
t_slot_holes_o = end_mill_d / 2 + 2 + t_slot_hole_width;
t_slot_min_spacing = 50;

module t_slot(kind, stage, screw_d = 4, screw_l = 16)
{
    t_slot_pin_offset = 15;
    if (kind == 0)
    {
        // kind = slot
        if (stage == 0)
        {
            // stage = difference
            hole_height = 10 + 2 * cnc_tolerance;;

            screw_hole_d =
                screw_d + 2 * cnc_tolerance > end_mill_d ?
                screw_d + 2 * cnc_tolerance :
                end_mill_d;

            for (y = [-t_slot_pin_offset, t_slot_pin_offset])
            {
                translate([0, y])
                    translate([0, -hole_height / 2]) square([t_slot_hole_width, hole_height]);

                translate([t_slot_hole_width, y + (hole_height / 2 - end_mill_d / 2)]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
                translate([t_slot_hole_width, y - (hole_height / 2 - end_mill_d / 2)]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
                translate([0, y + (hole_height / 2 - end_mill_d / 2)]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
                translate([0, y - (hole_height / 2 - end_mill_d / 2)]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
            }
            translate([t_slot_hole_width / 2, 0]) circle(r = screw_hole_d / 2, $fn = screw_hole_d * 5);
        }
        else
        {
            // stage = union
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // kind = pin
        pin_height = 10;

        if (stage == 0)
        {
            // stage = difference
            nut_thickness =
                screw_d * 0.7> end_mill_d ?
                screw_d * 0.7:
                end_mill_d;
            nut_d =
                nut_thickness > 2 * end_mill_d ?
                screw_d * 1.8 :
                screw_d * 1.5;
            screw_slit_width =
                screw_d > end_mill_d ?
                screw_d :
                end_mill_d;
            extra_screw_l =
                screw_slit_width > 2 * end_mill_d ?
                0.5 :
                -screw_slit_width / 2 + 1;
            screw_slit_l = screw_l - stock_thickness + extra_screw_l;
            nut_offset = 2 + extra_screw_l;

            translate([-screw_slit_l, -screw_slit_width / 2])
                square([
                    screw_slit_l + 1, // QUICKFIX: +1 to cut the border
                    screw_slit_width]);
            if (screw_slit_width > 2 * end_mill_d)
            {
                translate([-screw_slit_l, (screw_slit_width / 2 - end_mill_d / 2)]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
                translate([-screw_slit_l, -(screw_slit_width / 2 - end_mill_d / 2)]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
            }
            else
            {
                translate([-screw_slit_l, 0]) circle(r = screw_slit_width / 2, $fn = screw_slit_width * 5);
            }

            translate([-screw_slit_l + nut_offset, -nut_d / 2]) square([nut_thickness, nut_d]);
            if (nut_thickness > 2 * end_mill_d)
            {
                translate([-screw_slit_l + nut_offset + end_mill_d / 2, -nut_d / 2]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
                translate([-screw_slit_l + nut_offset + nut_thickness - end_mill_d / 2, -nut_d / 2]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
                translate([-screw_slit_l + nut_offset + end_mill_d / 2, nut_d / 2]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
                translate([-screw_slit_l + nut_offset + nut_thickness - end_mill_d / 2, nut_d / 2]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
            }
            else
            {
                translate([-screw_slit_l + nut_offset + nut_thickness / 2, -nut_d / 2]) circle(r = nut_thickness / 2, $fn = nut_thickness * 5);
                translate([-screw_slit_l + nut_offset + nut_thickness / 2, nut_d / 2]) circle(r = nut_thickness / 2, $fn = nut_thickness * 5);
            }

            for (y = [-t_slot_pin_offset, t_slot_pin_offset])
            {
                translate([0, y + (pin_height / 2 + end_mill_d / 2)]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
                translate([0, y - (pin_height / 2 + end_mill_d / 2)]) circle(r = end_mill_d / 2, $fn = end_mill_d * 5);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // stage = union
            pin_narrowing = 0.3;

            for (y = [-t_slot_pin_offset, t_slot_pin_offset])
            {
                translate([0, y])
                    polygon([[0, pin_height / 2], [t_slot_pins_o, pin_height / 2 - pin_narrowing], [t_slot_pins_o, -(pin_height / 2 - pin_narrowing)], [0, -pin_height / 2]]);
            }
        }
    }
}

module t_slot_box_panel(inner_width, inner_height, r, b, l, t, name, screw_d = 4, screw_l = 16)
{
    t_slot_height = 55;

    w = (l == 0 ? t_slot_holes_o : 0) + inner_width + (r == 0 ? t_slot_holes_o : 0);
    h = (b == 0 ? t_slot_holes_o : 0) + inner_height + (t == 0 ? t_slot_holes_o : 0);

    function slot_positions(length) =
        length - 2 * t_slot_height > t_slot_min_spacing ?
        let(
            middle_section_l = length - t_slot_height * 2,
            middle_t_slot_count = floor((middle_section_l - t_slot_min_spacing) / (t_slot_height + t_slot_min_spacing)),
            actual_spacing = (middle_section_l - middle_t_slot_count * t_slot_height) / (middle_t_slot_count + 1)
        )
        concat(
            t_slot_height / 2 - length / 2,
            [for (cnt = [0:1:(middle_t_slot_count - 1)]) 1.5 * t_slot_height + actual_spacing + cnt * (actual_spacing + t_slot_height) - length / 2],
            length / 2 - t_slot_height / 2
        ):
        [0];

    h_slot_positions = slot_positions(inner_width);
    v_slot_positions = slot_positions(inner_height);

    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            translate([-(l == 0 ? t_slot_holes_o : 0) - inner_width / 2, -(b == 0 ? t_slot_holes_o : 0) - inner_height / 2])
                square([w, h]);
            for (p = v_slot_positions)
                translate([0, p])
                {
                    translate([inner_width / 2, 0]) t_slot(r, 1, screw_d, screw_l);
                    translate([-inner_width / 2, 0]) rotate([0, 0, 180]) t_slot(l, 1, screw_d, screw_l);
                }
            for (p = h_slot_positions)
                translate([p, 0])
                {
                    translate([0, inner_height / 2]) rotate([0, 0, 90]) t_slot(t, 1, screw_d, screw_l);
                    translate([0, -inner_height / 2]) rotate([0, 0, -90]) t_slot(b, 1, screw_d, screw_l);
                }
        }
        for (p = v_slot_positions)
            translate([0, p])
            {
                translate([inner_width / 2, 0]) t_slot(r, 0, screw_d, screw_l);
                translate([-inner_width / 2, 0]) rotate([0, 0, 180]) t_slot(l, 0, screw_d, screw_l);
            }
        for (p = h_slot_positions)
            translate([p, 0])
            {
                translate([0, inner_height / 2]) rotate([0, 0, 90]) t_slot(t, 0, screw_d, screw_l);
                translate([0, -inner_height / 2]) rotate([0, 0, -90]) t_slot(b, 0, screw_d, screw_l);
            }
    }
    %translate([-inner_width / 2, -inner_height / 2 - 20]) text(name, font = "style:Bold", size = 10);
}

module t_slot_box_top(width, height, depth, r = 1, b = 1, l = 1, t = 1, screw_d = 4, screw_l = 16)
{
    t_slot_box_panel(width, depth, r, b, l, t, name = "Top", screw_d = screw_d, screw_l = screw_l);
}

module t_slot_box_bottom(width, height, depth, r = 1, b = 1, l = 1, t = 1, screw_d = 4, screw_l = 16)
{
    t_slot_box_panel(width, depth, r, b, l, t, name = "Bottom", screw_d = screw_d, screw_l = screw_l);
}

module t_slot_box_front(width, height, depth, r = 0, b = 0, l = 0, t = 0, screw_d = 4, screw_l = 16)
{
    t_slot_box_panel(width, height, r, b, l, t, name = "Front", screw_d = screw_d, screw_l = screw_l);
}

module t_slot_box_back(width, height, depth, r = 0, b = 0, l = 0, t = 0, screw_d = 4, screw_l = 16)
{
    t_slot_box_panel(width, height, r, b, l, t, name = "Back", screw_d = screw_d, screw_l = screw_l);
}

module t_slot_box_left(width, height, depth, r = 0, b = 1, l = 0, t = 1, screw_d = 4, screw_l = 16)
{
    t_slot_box_panel(height, depth, r, b, l, t, name = "Left", screw_d = screw_d, screw_l = screw_l);
}

module t_slot_box_right(width, height, depth, r = 0, b = 1, l = 0, t = 1, screw_d = 4, screw_l = 16)
{
    t_slot_box_panel(height, depth, r, b, l, t, name = "Right", screw_d = screw_d, screw_l = screw_l);
}

module t_slot_box_3d(width, height, depth)
{
    translate([0, 0, height / 2 + stock_thickness / 2])
        rotate([0, 0, 0])
            linear_extrude(height = stock_thickness, center = true)
                children(0);
    translate([0, 0, -height / 2 - stock_thickness / 2])
        rotate([0, 180, 0])
            linear_extrude(height = stock_thickness, center = true)
                children(1);
    translate([0, -depth / 2 - stock_thickness / 2, 0])
        rotate([90, 0, 0])
            linear_extrude(height = stock_thickness, center = true)
                children(2);
    translate([0, depth / 2 + stock_thickness / 2, 0])
        rotate([-90, 0, 0])
            linear_extrude(height = stock_thickness, center = true)
                children(3);
    translate([-width / 2 - stock_thickness / 2, 0, 0])
        rotate([0, 90 + 180, 0])
            linear_extrude(height = stock_thickness, center = true)
                children(4);
    translate([width / 2 + stock_thickness / 2, 0, 0])
        rotate([0, 90, 0])
            linear_extrude(height = stock_thickness, center = true)
                children(5);
}

module t_slot_box_flat(width, height, depth)
{
    d = 50;
    translate([0, 0])
        children(0);
    translate([-width / 2 - height / 2 - height / 2 - width / 2 - d - d, 0])
        children(1);
    translate([0, -depth / 2 - height / 2 - d])
        children(2);
    translate([0, depth / 2 + height / 2 + d])
        children(3);
    translate([-width / 2 - height / 2 - d, 0])
        children(4);
    translate([width / 2 + height / 2 + d, 0])
        children(5);
}

module t_slot_box_demo(width, height, depth)
{
    if (t_slot_box_demo_mode == "Flat")
    {
        t_slot_box_flat(width, height, depth)
        {
            t_slot_box_top(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_bottom(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_front(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_back(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_left(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_right(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
        }
    }
    else if (t_slot_box_demo_mode == "3D")
    {
        t_slot_box_3d(width, height, depth)
        {
            t_slot_box_top(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_bottom(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_front(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_back(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_left(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
            t_slot_box_right(width, height, depth, screw_d = t_slot_screw_d, screw_l = t_slot_screw_l);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Do nothing
    }
}

t_slot_box_demo(t_slot_box_demo_width, t_slot_box_demo_height, t_slot_box_demo_depth);

```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to create a hyperboloid of one sheet, and I've been messing around with some basic OpenSCAD code, but I'm hoping you could help me make it better.

Right now, I'm using a bunch of cylinders rotated and translated, and it kind of works, but I want to define the hyperboloid in a more mathematical way so I can change the overall shape more easily. I'm using cylinders as struts, and I want to be able to control the number of struts, the radius of the struts, and the height and other proportions of the hyperboloid itself.

I'd like to be able to specify the following parameters:

*   **`strut_radius`**: The radius of the cylinder struts.
*   **`strut_sides`**: The number of sides for the struts (e.g. 3 for a triangle, 6 for a hexagon, etc).
*   **`number_of_struts`**: How many struts to use around the hyperboloid.
*   **`height`**: The overall height of the hyperboloid.
*   **`mid_radius`**: The radius of the hyperboloid at its narrowest point, which is at `z=0`.
*   **`top_radius`**: The radius of the hyperboloid at its top (`z = height/2`). The radius at the bottom should be the same as at the top (`z = -height/2`).
*   **`rotation_offset`**: An offset which controls the rotation of the struts with respect to the hyperboloid's primary axis; this will change the angle of the struts and thereby the shape of the hyperboloid.

I'm looking for a parametric design where all these parameters can be easily tweaked to change the shape of the hyperboloid. I'd like the struts to form the hyperboloid's surface as accurately as possible, as I am interested in having a model that represents its mathematical form.

I don't need any fancy libraries or anything, just clean OpenSCAD code that takes these parameters to produce the hyperboloid. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Hyperboloid2.scad:
```

cyl_rad = 3;  //[2:0.1:10]

cyl_hgt = 271;  //[100:1000]

strut_sides=3;  //[3,4,5,6,7,8]

number_of_struts=20;  //[5:100]

angle_of_strut = 45;  //[0:90]

inner_radius = 50; //[10:100]

for(i=[0:1/(number_of_struts):1])
    rotate(i*360,[0,0,1])
    translate([inner_radius,0,0])
    rotate(angle_of_strut,[1,0,0])
       cylinder(r=cyl_rad,h=cyl_hgt,center=true,$fn=strut_sides);

for(i=[0:1/(number_of_struts):1])
    rotate(i*360,[0,0,1])
    translate([inner_radius,0,0])
    rotate(-angle_of_strut,[1,0,0])
       cylinder(r=cyl_rad,h=cyl_hgt,center=true,$fn=strut_sides);

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a parametric corner brace for a delta 3D printer frame. I've seen some designs out there, but I need something I can easily customize.

Basically, the brace will connect a vertical 2020 aluminum extrusion to a horizontal extrusion. It'll need to have a mount on both the side and the top.

Here are the key parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   `side_rail_length`: The length of the brace that connects to the vertical rail. I'm thinking something between 55mm and 80mm should work.
*   `top_rail_length`: The length of the brace along the top horizontal rail, probably from 95mm to 150mm.
*   `holeSize`: The radius of the mounting holes. I think 1.5mm would be a good starting point.
*   `holeSizeSides`: How many sides for the holes so I can make them more or less round.  Probably 3 to 30 sides should be enough.
*   `rail_thickness`: The thickness of the material used for the brace, maybe 2-5mm range.
*   `wire_thickness`: I want to include some small cutouts for wiring, but they can be just simple cylinders.  The diameter of these cylinders can be controlled by `wire_thickness`, and should be in the 2-5mm range.
*   `hole_cutouts`: A boolean to enable or disable these cutouts, just `true` or `false`.
*   `rail_width`: The overall width of the bracket, maybe options of 15, 20, 25, or 30mm.
*  `rail_angle`: The angle of the side rail relative to the top rail. It should be adjustable, but 30 degrees is probably what I'll use.

Also, I need a mirror of this part, so I can use it on the other side of the frame. It will have two sets, one for the top and one for the bottom of the delta frame for every rail.

I don't need any fancy features, just a functional and parametric brace. Can you generate OpenSCAD code to do that? I'd also like to have some comments in the code, so I can understand it better. I don't need any libraries for this, but it would be nice to see some comments about how it works.

[Assistant]
delta_brace.scad:
```

// The part that connects to the upright Delta rail
side_rail_length = 55; //[55:80]
// The part that connects to the Delta crossmember
top_rail_length = 100; //[95:150]
// Radius of the hole for mounting
holeSize=1.5;
// How round the holes are, more sides = more round.
holeSizeSides=20; //[3:30]
// How thick the rails are
rail_thickness = 3;//[2:5]
// crappy version of wire holes through the corners.
wire_thickness=4; //[2:5]
// Enable or disable the holes
hole_cutouts=false; //[true,false];
// How wide the bracket mount plate is
rail_width = 20; //[15,20,25,30]
// 30 degree side angle on the 2020 extrusion from the side angle on the top extrusion
rail_angle = 30;
//translate([0,0,rail_thickness]) cube(size=[rail_width, rail_width*10, rail_width]);
//rotate(a=[270,0,115]) translate([-rail_width,0,rail_thickness]) cube(size=[rail_width, rail_width*10, rail_width]);
module Rail(){
    union (){
        difference (){

            rotate(a=[0,90,0])
            rotate(a=[0,0,30])
            translate([-top_rail_length + 40,-top_rail_length+40,2])
            cube(size=[top_rail_length, top_rail_length * 2, rail_thickness]); //rail support

            rotate(a=[0,90,0])
            translate([-top_rail_length * 2,-top_rail_length,1])
            cube(size=[top_rail_length * 2, top_rail_length * 3, 5]); //rail support

            rotate(a=[0,90,0])
            rotate(a=[0,0,90])
            translate([-top_rail_length * 2 -10,-top_rail_length,1])
            cube(size=[top_rail_length * 2, top_rail_length * 3, 5]); //rail support

            rotate(a=[270,0,90 + rail_angle])
            translate([-rail_width-5,-1,1 ])
            cube(size=[rail_width*2, side_rail_length, rail_width]); //rail support cutaway

        if(hole_cutouts){
        //wire cutouts
rotate(a=[45,0,120])
translate([-rail_width/2,1,0 ])
cylinder(h = 40, r1 = wire_thickness, r2 = wire_thickness, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides);
        }

                rotate(a=[270,0,90 + rail_angle])
        translate([-rail_width/2,side_rail_length/3,1 ])
        cylinder(h = rail_thickness * 2, r1 = holeSize, r2 = holeSize, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides);

        rotate(a=[270,0,90 + rail_angle])
        translate([-rail_width/2,side_rail_length/3*2,1 ])
        cylinder(h = rail_thickness * 2, r1 = holeSize, r2 = holeSize, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides);

        }
        difference () {

            translate([0,-rail_width +2,0])
            cube(size=[rail_width, top_rail_length, rail_thickness]); //top piece

            rotate(a=[270,0,90 + rail_angle])
            translate([-rail_width-1 ,-top_rail_length / 2  , 0 ])
            cube(size=[rail_width*2, top_rail_length, rail_width]); //top piece cutaway

            rotate(a=[0,0,65])
     translate([-15,-36.5,-0.01])
            cube(size=[rail_width*2, rail_width, rail_thickness + .02]); //top piece

        translate([rail_width/2,top_rail_length/3 * 2,1 ])
        cylinder(h = rail_thickness * 2, r1 = holeSize, r2 = holeSize, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides); // top holes

        translate([rail_width/2,top_rail_length/3,1 ])
        cylinder(h = rail_thickness * 2, r1 = holeSize, r2 = holeSize, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides); // top holes

            if(hole_cutouts){
            //wire cutouts
            rotate(a=[45,0,120])
            translate([-rail_width/2,1,0 ])
            cylinder(h = 40, r1 = wire_thickness, r2 = wire_thickness, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides);}

        }

    difference(){

        rotate(a=[270,0,90 + rail_angle])
        translate([-rail_width,-rail_thickness,0 ])
        cube(size=[rail_width, side_rail_length, rail_thickness]); //side rail

        if(hole_cutouts){
            //wire cutouts
            rotate(a=[45,0,120])
            translate([-rail_width/2,1,0 ])
            cylinder(h = 40, r1 = wire_thickness, r2 = wire_thickness, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides);
            }

                    rotate(a=[270,0,90 + rail_angle])
        translate([-rail_width/2,side_rail_length/3,1 ])
        cylinder(h = rail_thickness * 2, r1 = holeSize, r2 = holeSize, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides);

        rotate(a=[270,0,90 + rail_angle])
        translate([-rail_width/2,side_rail_length/3*2,1 ])
        cylinder(h = rail_thickness * 2, r1 = holeSize, r2 = holeSize, center = true, $fn = holeSizeSides);
    }
}
};

Rail();
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a parametric OpenSCAD design for a twisted strip, kind of like a Mobius strip, but with a controllable number of twists.

My current design uses a series of rods, and then it uses the `hull()` function to blend them together.  I'd like to recreate this but make it more flexible and robust and also improve the underlying method of creating the geometry.

Here are the parameters I'd like to control:

*   **`number_of_segments`**: This would determine the number of 'rods' or segments used to form the strip. A higher number would make the strip smoother.
*   **`thickness`**:  This controls the width and depth of each segment/rod.
*   **`length`**:  The length of the strip. This is the dimension that is perpendicular to the main loop of the strip.
*   **`radius`**: The radius of the imaginary circle that the strip follows when it's untwisted.
*   **`twists`**: The number of 180-degree twists in the strip.  A value of 1 would give a standard Mobius strip, 0 would be a loop and 2 would give a two-twist strip, and so on.

I'm not completely sure what the best way is to generate the geometry. Currently, I am generating a series of cuboids and then hulling between adjacent cuboids. It might be useful to look at other methods to generate the underlying geometry and then either use a single hull or another technique to create the solid object.

I'd like to keep the design in a single .scad file, no libraries or anything needed.

[Assistant]
Mobius4.scad:
```
//This generates a bunch of rods that make a twisted strip

//Resolution of Strip.
number_of_rods = 20;//[20:500]

//Thickness of the wall.
thickness = 4;//[2:0.2:10]

//Height of wall.
length = 100;//[20:200]

//Inner Radius of the strip.
radius = 100;//[20:200]

//Number of twists.
twists = 1;//[0:10]

/* [Hidden] */

for(i=[0:number_of_rods]) {
	value = i/number_of_rods;
	value_1 = (i+1)/ number_of_rods;
	hull() {
		translate([radius*sin(value*360),-radius*cos(value*360),0])
		rotate(value*360,[0,0,1]) rotate(value*twists*180,[1,0,0])
			cube([thickness,thickness,length], center=true);
		//
		translate([radius*sin(value_1*360),-radius*cos(value_1*360),0])
		rotate(value_1*360,[0,0,1]) rotate(value_1*twists*180,[1,0,0])
			cube([thickness,thickness,length], center=true);
	}
}
//Programmed by Will Webber
// with a thank you to Neon22 for suggeting alterations to use the convex hull
```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a squeeze bottle lid. I've been using a simple one I made, but I'd like something more robust and adjustable.

Here's the idea: the lid should have a tapered outer section that fits onto the bottle and a cylindrical inner spout. The outer section needs to have a top outer diameter, and a slightly larger outer diameter 1cm down, creating the taper, but the taper needs to continue further down for a specified height. Also, there's an inner diameter for the opening at the top, and the outer wall needs to have a set thickness. Finally, I want to be able to control the height of the main body of the cap, plus a tiny bit extra for the wall thickness. I also want a compensation factor to account for how my 3d printer changes dimensions. This should affect only the outer diameters, and inner opening.

So, the parameters should be:

*   `top_od`: Top outer diameter of the tapered section
*   `one_cm_od`: Outer diameter 1 cm below the top
*   `top_id`: Inner diameter of the opening at the top.
*   `wall_thickness`: Thickness of the outer walls.
*   `height`: Height of the main cap section (not the lip).
*   `compensation_factor`: Value to adjust for printer tolerances.

I'd like the final model to be a single part, with the cylindrical inner spout intersecting and being centered inside the tapered outer section. Also, I need the cap to have it's lip on the bottom and rotate to print it right side up.

For a single file, I want something like this:

```
//tip outer diameter
top_od = 4.5;
//1cm down outer diameter
one_cm_od = 7.15 ;
//inner diameter of opening
top_id = 2.3;
//thickness of walls in the x-y axis
wall_thickness = 1.6;
//height of cap (not including wall thickness)
height = 20;
//ammount your 3d printer erodes holes and dialates outer diameters.
compensation_factor = 0.2;

cf = compensation_factor*1;
slope = (one_cm_od-top_od)/10;

translate([0,0,height+wall_thickness])
rotate([0, 180, 0])
union() {
	difference() {
		cylinder(h=height+wall_thickness,d1=top_od+cf+slope*height+2*wall_thickness,
			d2=top_od+cf+2*wall_thickness-wall_thickness*slope,$fn=70);
		cylinder(h=height,d1=top_od+cf+slope*height,d2=top_od+cf,$fn=70);
	}
	translate([0, 0, height-10])
	cylinder(h=10,d1=top_id,d2=top_id+cf,$fn=70 );
}
```
Also, please use `$fn = 70` for all cylinders. I don't need threads or anything fancy.

[Assistant]
squeeze_bottle_lid.scad:
```
//tip outer diameter
top_od = 4.5;
//1cm down outer diameter
one_cm_od = 7.15 ;
//inner diameter of opening
top_id = 2.3;
//thickness of walls in the x-y axis
wall_thickness = 1.6;
//height of cap (not including wall thickness)
height = 20;
//ammount your 3d printer erodes holes and dialates outer diameters.
compensation_factor = 0.2;

cf = compensation_factor*1;
slope = (one_cm_od-top_od)/10;

translate([0,0,height+wall_thickness])
rotate([0, 180, 0])
union() {
	difference() {
		cylinder(h=height+wall_thickness,d1=top_od+cf+slope*height+2*wall_thickness,
			d2=top_od+cf+2*wall_thickness-wall_thickness*slope,$fn=70);
		cylinder(h=height,d1=top_od+cf+slope*height,d2=top_od+cf,$fn=70);
	}
	translate([0, 0, height-10])
	cylinder(h=10,d1=top_id,d2=top_id+cf,$fn=70 );
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a set of mounting spacers for an lvpin LP-2020a+ stereo amplifier. The idea is to mount it under a table or shelf.

Here's what I need:

*   **Basic Shape:** The spacers should be rectangular blocks with a slot cut out along the length of the block to allow for wiring.
*   **Screw Holes:** I need two counterbored screw holes in each spacer for mounting. These need to accommodate a screw head and then the screw thread should continue down. The counterbore depth needs to be parametric so that the screw is flush with the bottom of the spacer.
*   **Wire Slot:** The wire slot needs to run most of the length of the block and extend down to allow for wires to come out the front (when the amp is mounted). There also needs to be a rounded part of the slot that runs the length of the block and joins to the wire slot.
*   **Parameters:** I'd like the following parameters to be easily adjustable:
    *   `spacer_height`: The overall height of the spacer.
    *   `screw_head_radius`: The radius of the counterbored section.
    *   `screw_radius`: The radius of the screw thread.
    *   `screw_length`: The length of the screw thread that will be inside the spacer, which will determine the counterbore depth
*   **Dimensions:** The overall size of the spacer should be 90mm long and 13mm wide. There should be a slot at a height of 3mm from the bottom of the part that is 10mm wide and 2mm high. The rounded slot needs to be 4mm wide and 4mm deep. The screw holes should be at offsets of 22.5mm and 67.5mm along the 90mm length of the spacer. I also need a slot at a height of 20mm that is 4mm wide and 9mm high. The spacer should be 90mm deep.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD code for this, using parameters as described above? I would like to avoid needing any external libraries if possible but if they are truly needed, please make it clear which ones you're using.

[Assistant]
spacer_vars.scad:
```

//Height of the spacer, default is flush with the mounting surface
spacer_height = 45; // [45:90]

//Radius of hole to fix screw length
screw_head_radius = 4; // [2:4.5]

//Radius of screw thread
screw_radius = 2; // [1:4.5]

//Length of thread to be inside spacer
screw_length = 10; // [3:45]
head_hole_height = spacer_height - screw_length;

difference() {
	difference() {
		difference() {
			difference() {
				difference() {
					cube(size = [90, 13, spacer_height]);
					translate(v = [0, 0, 3]) {
						cube(size = [90, 10, 2]);
					}
				}
				translate(v = [0, -1, 0]) {
					translate(v = [0, 0, 2]) {
						rotate(a = spacer_height, v = [1, 0, 0]) {
							cube(size = [90, 4, 4]);
						}
					}
				}
			}
			translate(v = [22.5000000000, 0, 0]) {
				translate(v = [0, 5, 0]) {
					union() {
						cylinder($fn = 32, h = head_hole_height, r = screw_head_radius);
						translate(v = [0, 0, head_hole_height]) {
							cylinder($fn = 32, h = screw_length, r = screw_radius);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		translate(v = [67.5000000000, 0, 0]) {
			translate(v = [0, 5, 0]) {
				union() {
					cylinder($fn = 32, h = head_hole_height, r = screw_head_radius);
					translate(v = [0, 0, head_hole_height]) {
						cylinder($fn = 32, h = screw_length, r = screw_radius);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	translate(v = [0, 0, 20]) {
		cube(size = [90, 4, 9]);
	}
}
/***********************************************
*********      SolidPython code:      **********
************************************************

''' Mounting spacers for lvpin LP-2020a+ stereo

Spacers which allow an lvpin LP-2020a+ stereo to be mounted under a bench,
table or cabinet. There is a slot to allow for wires to pass through to the
front (I am using them for the power and audio of my music source).

Customised parameters allow different sized screws to be used for mounting.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
'''
import solid as s
import solid.utils as u

spacer_width = 13
spacer_depth = 90
screw_offset = 22.5
screw_offset_2 = spacer_depth - screw_offset

v = s.variables(
    s.var('spacer_height', 45,
          comment='Height of the spacer, default is flush with the '
                  'mounting surface',
          end_comment='[45:90]'),
    s.var('screw_head_radius', 4,
          comment='Radius of hole to fix screw length',
          end_comment='[2:4.5]'),
    s.var('screw_radius', 2,
          comment='Radius of screw thread',
          end_comment='[1:4.5]'),
    s.var('screw_length', 10,
          comment='Length of thread to be inside spacer',
          end_comment='[3:45]'),
    s.var('head_hole_height', 'spacer_height - screw_length'),
)

body = s.cube(size=[spacer_depth, spacer_width, v.spacer_height])

slot = u.up(3)(s.cube(size=[spacer_depth, 10, 2]))
slot_round = u.back(1)(u.up(2)(
    s.rotate(a=v.spacer_height, v=[1, 0, 0])(
        s.cube(size=[spacer_depth, 4, 4])
    )
))

def screw_hole():
    return u.forward(5)(
        s.cylinder(r=v.screw_head_radius, h=v.head_hole_height, segments=32) +
        u.up(v.head_hole_height)(
            s.cylinder(r=v.screw_radius, h=v.screw_length, segments=32)
        )
    )

screw_hole_1 = u.right(screw_offset)(screw_hole())
screw_hole_2 = u.right(screw_offset_2)(screw_hole())

wire_run = u.up(20)(s.cube(size=[spacer_depth, 4, 9]))

final = body - slot - slot_round - screw_hole_1 - screw_hole_2 - wire_run

s.scad_render_to_file(final, __file__.replace('.py', '.scad'), variables=v)

************************************************/

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a simple spool holder for 3D printer filament using OpenSCAD, and I need some help getting started. I've got some specific needs around using bearings and a threaded rod, and I want to make sure it's easy to customize.

Here's the idea:

The spool holder will have a central spacer that sits on the threaded rod. This spacer will have a hole for the threaded rod to pass through, and it will be flanked by bearings on either side. The bearings will allow the spool to rotate smoothly. The spacer is the core of the system and needs to be the correct length to fit the spool width, bearings, and some extra space for adjustment.

I need the OpenSCAD design to be parametric, and I'd like to be able to easily change these parameters:

*   **Spool Width:** This is the overall width of the filament spool.
*   **Bearing Width:** This is the width of a single ball bearing.
*   **Number of Bearings:** This will be an even number, split equally on both sides of the spacer. This is meant to hold the filament spool centered.
*   **Adjustment Space:** This is additional space beyond the spool width and the bearings to allow for tolerances and easier use. I need a way to adjust this with two parameters: one on the left and right side of the bearings. This space has to be taken into account when determining the spacer length.
*   **Threaded Rod Diameter:**  This should default to M8.
*   **Spool Support Diameter:** This is the outer diameter of the support.

I'd like the spacer to be a simple cylinder with a hole in the center.  The spacer length needs to be calculated based on all of the other parameters. I have provided the equation in the existing code for the spacer length which is:
`Spacer_width=(Spool_width+2)-(Number_of_bearings*Bearing_width)-(2*B);`
`A=10*1;`
`B=3*1;`
`Rod_length=(Spacer_width);`
I'd like to keep using A and B as parameters and use those to calculate the spacer length.

Please make sure the design is robust, and the bearing holes won't intersect each other or other parts. It's critical that the spacer fits properly with the bearings to allow free movement and to not put unnecessary pressure on the bearings.

I'd like the main OpenSCAD file to generate the spacer. This design doesn't need to create the threaded rod or the bearings; I'll be purchasing those separately. I'm not sure if that requires any particular libraries, but I'd like the code to be well-organized and easy to understand. I don't think I need to worry about external library support for this simple design.

[Assistant]
FilamentChallenge_-_Spacer_v1.scad:
```
//Make sure that the thickness of the spool wall is thinner then the combine sum of half of the number of bearings times the bearing width.

//Width in mm
Spool_width=51; // [30:200]
//Width in mm
Bearing_width=5; // [5:1:20]
//The number of bearings are split equal on each side of the spacer:
Number_of_bearings=4; // [2:2:8]
A=10*1;
B=3*1;
Spacer_width=(Spool_width+2)-(Number_of_bearings*Bearing_width)-(2*B);
//Total length of the threaded rod in mm
Rod_length=(Spacer_width);

difference()
  {
      cylinder(r=12/2, h=Spacer_width);
      translate([0,0,-1])
      cylinder(r=8.5/2, h=Spacer_width+2);
  }
```


[User]
I'd like to design a construction kit for office break times, something that can be printed on a 3D printer and assembled into various little toys and structures. I've got a list of basic parts I'd like to include:

1.  A half sphere with a hole in the center. It should also be designed so that it can sit flat on its open side.
2.  A wheel, kind of thick, with a hole in the center. It should be a bit asymmetric in shape.
3.  A short, rounded stick. Basically a cylinder with a rounded end.
4.  A long, rounded stick - same as the short one, just longer.
5.  A long stick that's thinner in the middle, like an axle.
6.  A beam with several holes. It should have a few holes along its length and some horizontal holes on its sides.

I'd like all the dimensions to be parametric, and I'm thinking that everything should be based off of a basic sphere radius - so the other sizes are all relative to that main sphere size. The parameters should include:

*   `SPHERE_RADIUS`: the radius of the basic sphere.
*   `HOLE_RADIUS`: the radius of the holes in all the parts.
*   `STICK_RADIUS`: the radius of the sticks.
*   `WHEEL_RADIUS`: the radius of the wheel, probably the same or close to the `SPHERE_RADIUS`.
*   `WHEEL_HEIGHT`: the thickness of the wheel.
*   `STICK_SLIM_RADIUS`: the radius of the thinner part of the axle stick.
*   `STICK_SHORT_HEIGHT`: the length of the short stick.
*   `STICK_LONG_HEIGHT`: the length of the long stick.
*   `BEAM_LENGTH`: the length of the beam.
*  `BEAM_WIDTH`: the width of the beam (the thickness and height should be the same).

I'd also like the design to be flexible, so I want to easily adjust the number of segments in the cylinder and sphere objects. Could you make use of the `$fn` special variable for the sphere and cylinder objects?

I'm envisioning these parts as a kind of modular building set. So, the hole radius should be big enough for the sticks to fit in. I think it will be important for `HOLE_RADIUS` to be the same or slightly larger than `STICK_RADIUS`. The axle should be thinner than the regular sticks (`STICK_SLIM_RADIUS` should be smaller than `STICK_RADIUS`).

I need OpenSCAD code for each of these components. I am not asking for a specific structure of the .scad files. It would be nice if the code also displayed an "exhibit" of all the parts at once using the translate module - that's not necessary, though.

[Assistant]
office-breaktime-kit.scad:
```
/* OIK - Office Idling Kit
Daniel.schneider@unige.ch
sept. 2015

History:
- Version 1.0: first version

Instructions:
- print a half_sphere, a wheel and a stick. If the stick does not fit, then ajust the STICK_RADIUS parameter.
- print a chosen module by uncommenting (see below)
- VERY LIKELY NEEDS ADJUSTEMENT for slicer, printer, plastic and wheather ....
*/

// ----------------------- parameters ----------------------------------

// Radius for sticks
STICK_RADIUS = 5;

/* You could adopt the folling defaults if you want bigger or smaller objects
  HOLE_RADIUS should be at least as big a STICK_RADIUS
  because stick has to fit inside holes
  In some settings the slicer/printer could print sticks and holes smaller though...
*/

// Radius for holes, initially same as stick radius
HOLE_RADIUS = 5;
// HOLE_RADIUS = STICK_RADIUS;
// HOLE_RADIUS = STICK_RADIUS+0.5;

// no modification needed for tuning, but you can change sizes...
// The reference size for all objects, except for the hole and stick width, is the width of the half sphere

// Sphere radius (basic unit)
SPHERE_RADIUS = 30;

// Wheel radius
// WHEEL_RADIUS = SPHERE_RADIUS;
WHEEL_RADIUS = 30;

// Wheel height (or width)
// WHEEL_HEIGHT = SPHERE_RADIUS / 2;
WHEEL_HEIGHT = 15;

// Inset radius of stick with inset (for spinning wheels)
// STICK_SLIM_RADIUS = HOLE_RADIUS - 0.5;
STICK_SLIM_RADIUS = 4.5;

// Height of short stick
// STICK_SHORT_HEIGHT = SPHERE_RADIUS;
STICK_SHORT_HEIGHT = 30;

// Height of long stick
// STICK_LONG_HEIGHT = SPHERE_RADIUS * 2;
STICK_LONG_HEIGHT = 60 ;

// Length of beam
// BEAM_LENGTH = SPHERE_RADIUS*5;     // [3,4,5,6]
BEAM_LENGTH = 150;

// Width and height of beam
// BEAM_WIDTH = SPHERE_RADIUS/2;
BEAM_WIDTH = 15;

// Display defaults

echo ("STICK_RADIUS=", STICK_RADIUS);
echo ("HOLE_RADIUS=", HOLE_RADIUS);
echo ("SPHERE_RADIUS=", SPHERE_RADIUS);
echo ("WHEEL_RADIUS=", WHEEL_RADIUS);
echo ("WHEEL_HEIGHT=", WHEEL_HEIGHT);
echo ("STICK_RADIUS=", STICK_RADIUS);
echo ("STICK_SLIM_RADIUS=", STICK_SLIM_RADIUS);
echo ("STICK_SHORT_HEIGHT=", STICK_SHORT_HEIGHT);
echo ("STICK_LONG_HEIGHT=", STICK_LONG_HEIGHT);
echo ("BEAM_LENGTH=", BEAM_LENGTH);

// default resolution
$fn=50;

// -------------------- Modules ----------------------
// uncomment line by line to generate the STLs

// half_sphere();
// wheel ();
// stick_short ();
// stick_long ();
// stick_with_inset ();
// beam7();

// see all of it - NOT so recommended for printing, since I'd change the slicer settings and plastic for various objects

exhibit () ;

module exhibit () {
     // row 1
     translate ([0,-1.5*WHEEL_RADIUS,0]) {stick_short(); }
     translate ([4*STICK_RADIUS,-1.5*WHEEL_RADIUS,0]) {stick_long(); }
     translate ([8*STICK_RADIUS,-1.5*WHEEL_RADIUS,0]) {stick_with_inset(); }
     // row 2
     translate ([-WHEEL_RADIUS*1.5,0,0])  {half_sphere(); }
     translate ([WHEEL_RADIUS,0,0]) {wheel(); }
     // row 3
     translate ([-WHEEL_RADIUS*2,1.5*WHEEL_RADIUS,0]) {beam7(); }
     }

// --------------------- Module definitions ------------------------

// Half sphere is one of the three major objects

module half_sphere ()
{
     $fn=100;

     difference (){
	  // halfsphere
	  difference () {
	       sphere(r=SPHERE_RADIUS);
	        translate ([0,0,-SPHERE_RADIUS])
	       {
		    cylinder (h=SPHERE_RADIUS,r=SPHERE_RADIUS+10);
	       }
	  }

	  // rod for the hole
	   translate ([0,0,-SPHERE_RADIUS]) {
	        cylinder (h=100,r=HOLE_RADIUS);
	  }
	  // shave a little bit off the top of the sphere,
	  // this way it can "sit" upside down
	  translate ([0,0,SPHERE_RADIUS-1])
	  {
	       cylinder (h=10,r=SPHERE_RADIUS+10);
	  }
     }
}

// Module wheel

module wheel ()
{
     $fn=100;
     difference (){

	  // create the wheel form
	  difference (){
	        translate ([0,0,0])
	       {
		    cylinder (h=WHEEL_HEIGHT,r=SPHERE_RADIUS);
	       }

	       translate ([0,0,SPHERE_RADIUS+SPHERE_RADIUS/4])
	       {
		    sphere(r=SPHERE_RADIUS);
	       }
	  }
	  // rod for the hole
	   translate ([0,0,-SPHERE_RADIUS]) {
	        cylinder (h=100,r=HOLE_RADIUS);
	  }
     }
}

// Module short rounded stick

module stick_short ()
{
     union ()
     {
	  cylinder (h=STICK_SHORT_HEIGHT - STICK_RADIUS,r=STICK_RADIUS);
	   translate ([0,0,STICK_SHORT_HEIGHT - STICK_RADIUS]) {
	       sphere(r=STICK_RADIUS);
	  }
     }
}

// Module long rounded stick

module stick_long ()
{
     union ()
     {
	  cylinder (h=STICK_LONG_HEIGHT - STICK_RADIUS,r=STICK_RADIUS);
	   translate ([0,0,STICK_LONG_HEIGHT - STICK_RADIUS]) {
	       sphere(r=STICK_RADIUS);
	  }
     }
}

// Module long stick with inset

module stick_with_inset ()
{
     // low is normal fat
     cylinder (h=STICK_LONG_HEIGHT/4 -1, r=STICK_RADIUS);
     translate ([0,0,STICK_LONG_HEIGHT/4 -1]) {
	  cylinder (h=STICK_LONG_HEIGHT/2 + 2, r=STICK_SLIM_RADIUS);
     }
     translate ([0,0,STICK_LONG_HEIGHT * 3/4 + 1]) {
	  cylinder (h=STICK_LONG_HEIGHT/4 -1, r=STICK_RADIUS);
     }

     // incline for the inset, better for some printers
     translate ([0,0,STICK_LONG_HEIGHT/4 -1]) {
	  cylinder (h=1, r1=STICK_RADIUS, r2=STICK_SLIM_RADIUS);
	  }
     translate ([0,0,STICK_LONG_HEIGHT * 3/4]) {
	  cylinder (h=1, r1=STICK_SLIM_RADIUS, r2=STICK_RADIUS);
     }
}

module beam7 ()
{
     // vertical position of holes
     x_offset = STICK_RADIUS * 2;
     x_step = (BEAM_LENGTH - 2*x_offset)  / 3;
     // horizontal pos
     x_offset2 = BEAM_LENGTH / 4;
     x_step2 = x_offset2;

     difference (){
	  translate ([0,-SPHERE_RADIUS/2/2,0]) {
	       cube (size = [BEAM_LENGTH, BEAM_WIDTH, BEAM_WIDTH], center=false);
	  }
	  // vertical holes
	   for (x = [0:3]) {
	       assign (x_pos = x_offset + x * x_step) {
		    translate ([x_pos,0,-BEAM_WIDTH]) {
			 cylinder (h=100,r=HOLE_RADIUS);
		    }

	       }
	  }
	  // horizontal holes
	   for (x = [0:2]) {
	       assign (x_pos = x_step2 + x * x_step2) {
		    translate ([x_pos,BEAM_WIDTH,BEAM_WIDTH/2]) {
			 rotate (90, [1,0,0]) {
				   cylinder (h=100,r=HOLE_RADIUS);
			      }
			      }

	       }
	  }

     }
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a lens adapter for my GoPro. The goal is to be able to mount a macro lens in front of the GoPro's lens. I currently use a design that works, but it's not very flexible. I need something that's easily adjustable for different lens sizes and depths.

My current design, which I can share if necessary, basically uses cylinders to create a press-fit for the GoPro lens and a threaded mount for the macro lens. It works okay for medium shots, but wide shots get blurry around the edges.

Here's what I'd like the new design to do:

1.  **Parametric Lens Mount:** The design should be parametric, meaning I can easily change the dimensions for different lens sizes. I need to be able to adjust the diameter and depth of the macro lens mount. The current design uses a lens set with a 52mm screw-on mount but I'd like to have that parameter available.

2.  **Parametric GoPro Mount:** Similar to the lens mount, the GoPro side should also be parametric. I need to adjust the diameter and depth of the press fit. Currently I'm using a 23mm diameter for the GoPro lens side but other models may be different.

3.  **Adjustable Spacing:** I need a way to adjust the distance between the macro lens and the GoPro lens. This is crucial for getting sharp focus, and should be easily changeable. It'd be nice if this could be changed via a parameter.

4.  **Threaded Lens Mount:** I need a threaded mount for the macro lens. The current design just provides a cylinder which then a 3d print is made with the same thread but the threads are poor. I'd like the thread to be explicitly modeled, so that it can be printed with better accuracy. I believe the thread is standard, at least for the 52mm lens, so I would like the design to assume standard threading for now.

5.  **Solid Body:** The design should be a single, solid body.

6. **Library dependency:** I'd like the design to use the thread library from BOSL2 for generating the threads and the metric screws.

I would like to see the OpenSCAD code for this new design when it is ready.

[Assistant]
goprolens.scad:
```
lensDepth = 2;
goProDepth = 5;
lensWidth = 51.5;
goProWidth = 23;
margin = 2;

difference(){
	cylinder(lensDepth+goProDepth, r=lensWidth/2+margin, $fn=100);
	translate([0,0,goProDepth]) cylinder(h=200, r=lensWidth/2, $fn=100);
	translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(h=200, r=goProWidth/2, $fn=100);

}

```


[User]
I'm working on some code to visualize 4D shadows, and I'm starting with a basic 3D octahedron. I have a simple script that uses the idea of connecting points with "bones" (cylinders with spheres on the ends) to represent the edges, but it's kind of limited. I'd like something more flexible and customizable.

Specifically, I'd like to be able to define any convex polyhedron by its vertices and edges, and have the code draw it with the same "bone" structure. I want to be able to control the radius of the "bones" (the cylinders), the size of the whole polyhedron, and the polygon resolution when drawing the cylinders and spheres. It would be really great if I could also set a separate resolution for the spheres than for the cylinders. Also, instead of just using a simple radius to define the bones, it would be nice if the bone's radius could taper along its length.

So, I'm envisioning a modular set of OpenSCAD files. The main one should take the vertices and edges of a polyhedron, the desired overall size, bone radius function (a function describing how the radius changes along the length), sphere resolution, cylinder resolution, and then draw the specified shape. I think it would be useful to include a library that has common polyhedral shapes defined (like cube, tetrahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron, etc.) ready to use as well. It should include both the vertices and the edges.

To make it clear, I'd like a main file that would use the provided library file to generate an object based on that. I am looking to use only core OpenSCAD functions, and no external libraries such as MCAD or BOSL. I'm primarily focused on the geometric generation and less on any advanced rendering features. Thank you for your help!

[Assistant]
Octahedron1.scad:
```
//An octahedron

// of each edge
radius = 3;//[1:10]

// of circumsphere
Radius = 50;//[5:100]

plot_points = 50;//[30:100]

//The bone module generates a vertical cylinder that is capped by spheres
module bone(rad,height,fn){
union(){
cylinder(r=rad,h=height,$fn=fn);
translate([0,0,height])
       sphere(r=rad,center=true,$fn=fn);
sphere(r=rad,center=true,$fn=fn);}
 }

 // The edge module defines a bone from point p1 to point p2
 module edge(p1,p2,rad,fn){
     translate(p1)
     rotate(acos(([0,0,1]*(p2-p1))/norm(p2-p1)),cross([0,0,1],p2-p1))
     bone(rad,norm(p2-p1),fn);
 }

 octa_verts = [[1,0,0],[-1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,-1,0],[0,0,1],[0,0,-1]];

 octa_edges = [[0,2],[0,3],[0,4],[0,5],
          [1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[1,5],
          [2,4],[2,5],[3,4],[3,5]];

module polytope(verts,edges,size,rad,plot_points){
 for(i=[0:len(edges)-1]){
     edge(size*verts[edges[i][0]],size*verts[edges[i][1]],rad,plot_points);}
 }

 polytope(octa_verts,octa_edges,Radius,radius,plot_points);

 //programmed by Will Webber 2015
```


[User]
Okay, I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a finger splint. I've got an existing SCAD file, but it's kind of rigid, and I'd like something more flexible and customizable. The splint should be suitable for various finger joint injuries like mallet finger, swan neck deformity, boutonniere, lateral deviation, and trigger finger. It needs to be usable on both proximal interphalangeal joints (PIJ or PIP) and distal interphalangeal joints (DIJ or DIP).

Here's what I'm envisioning:

*   **Parametric Design:** The most important thing is that it's fully parametric so I can adjust the size for different fingers and conditions. I want to be able to easily change the inner diameter, length, and thickness of the splint.
*   **Adjustable Length:** The length should be adjustable to accommodate different finger lengths and the different affected joints.
*   **Variable Diameter:** I need to be able to change the inner diameter to fit different finger sizes. I'd like to have a range from at least 10 mm to 30 mm for the inner diameter.
*   **Adjustable Thickness:** I should also be able to change the wall thickness of the splint. I think 2mm and 3mm would be useful.
*   **Open Design:** I'd like an open or partially open design, rather than a fully closed tube. This should allow for better ventilation and some adjustment. I like how the existing file uses intersecting shapes.
*   **Comfort:** I don't want any sharp edges and want it to be comfortable to wear. Maybe some rounded edges?
*   **No Specific Libraries:** I don't think I need to use any external libraries. Let's keep it simple.

Can you generate an OpenSCAD file that incorporates all these features?

[Assistant]
FingerSplint.scad:
```
///////////////////////////////////////////Version and License /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Licensed under Creative Commons non commercial license
//V.1.0
//Created by Sandi Rakovec, Kranj, Slovenia
//Last modified by Sandi Rakovec, Slovenia on 04.09.2015 21.36
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////Parameters/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// (Inner diameter of holes ranges from 10 mm to 30 mm)
InnerDiameterOfSplint = 18;//[10:1:30]
// (Thicknes of a splint possible value are 2 and 3 mm 2mm works just fine)
ThicknessOfASplint=2; //[2:1:3]

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////Modules////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
module param(){} // this one actualy does nothing

ExternalDiameterOfSplint=InnerDiameterOfSplint+ThicknessOfASplint;
LengthOfASplint=2*ExternalDiameterOfSplint+5;
y=LengthOfASplint;
x=2*ExternalDiameterOfSplint/3;
UpperCubeLength = ExternalDiameterOfSplint/3;
$fa=0.5;
$fn=200;
r=(exp(ln(y)*2)) / (8*x) + x/2;
pozicija=24;
echo("ExternalDiameterOfSplint:",ExternalDiameterOfSplint);
echo("LengthOfASplint",LengthOfASplint);
echo("r",r);
echo("x",x);
echo("y",y);
echo("UpperCubeLength",UpperCubeLength);
echo("r-x",r-x);

module ZunanjaCev() {
difference() {
cylinder(d=ExternalDiameterOfSplint,h=LengthOfASplint,center=true);
cylinder(d=ExternalDiameterOfSplint-ThicknessOfASplint*2,h=LengthOfASplint,center=true);
}
}

module ZunanjiDelProfila() 	{
difference() 	{
	cylinder(ExternalDiameterOfSplint,d=2*r,center=true);
	translate([(ExternalDiameterOfSplint-ThicknessOfASplint*2)/2,0,0])
	cube([(2*r)-x,2*r,ExternalDiameterOfSplint],center=true);
				}
		translate([-(r-x)-2*UpperCubeLength-UpperCubeLength/2,0,0])
		cube([UpperCubeLength,ThicknessOfASplint,ExternalDiameterOfSplint],center=true);
							}
module NotranjiDelProfila() {
// render(convexity = 2)
cylinder(ExternalDiameterOfSplint,d=2*r-ThicknessOfASplint,center=true);
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////Program////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
intersection() {
rotate([90,0,0]){
translate ([0,ThicknessOfASplint,0])
ZunanjaCev();
}
rotate ([0,90,0]) {

 translate ([((2*r)-x)/2,0,0]) {
 difference(){
ZunanjiDelProfila();
NotranjiDelProfila();
 }
 }
 }
 }
```


[User]
I'd like to get a set of clips designed in OpenSCAD, similar to the ones I made previously, but I need them to be parametric so I can more easily adjust them for different strap sizes.

Here's the basic idea: I have some backpack straps that flap around when I bike, and I want to create clips that hold them together, keeping them out of the way. I need two types: one for the sternum strap, and one for the shoulder strap. The current straps are 15mm and 20mm wide respectively, but I'd like to easily adjust this.

The clip design is pretty simple: it's basically a rectangular box with an opening on the top and bottom. The sides are solid, and the top and bottom openings are slightly smaller than the strap width, creating a sort of slot that the strap slides into. It uses the friction to hold the strap in place.

Could you design an OpenSCAD file (or two if that makes more sense) that allows me to specify parameters for:

*   `strap_width`: The width of the strap (e.g. 15mm, 20mm).
*   `clip_length`: The length of the clip along the strap.
*   `wall_thickness`: The thickness of the clip walls.
*   `gap_height`: The vertical height of the gap that the strap slides into.
*   `clip_entrance_width_ratio`: A ratio used to determine the entrance width (maybe use something like 0.5 or 0.4). So if `clip_entrance_width_ratio` is 0.5 then the entrance width will be `strap_width * 0.5`.

I think one file should be sufficient to make two different clips given that all we would need to change is the `strap_width` parameter, but feel free to make it two if you think it is cleaner. I am not using any libraries, and all of my existing code has been provided.

[Assistant]
Clip.scad:
```
length=10; //length of clip
//width=23; //width for sternum strap
width=29; //width for shoulder strap
wall_thickness=1.5; //wall thickness
gap_height=2.75; //height of gap
clip_entrance_width=width/2-5; //clip entrance

cube([length,width,wall_thickness]);
translate([0,0,wall_thickness])
    cube([length,wall_thickness,gap_height+wall_thickness]);
translate([0,width-wall_thickness,wall_thickness])
    cube([length,wall_thickness,gap_height+wall_thickness]);
translate([0,0,gap_height+2*wall_thickness])
    cube([length,clip_entrance_width,wall_thickness]);
translate([0,width-clip_entrance_width,gap_height+wall_thickness+wall_thickness])
    cube([length,clip_entrance_width,wall_thickness]);
```


[User]
I'd like to create a 3D model of a hypercube, but I want to be able to view it from different angles and perspectives. I have some ideas about how to do this, but I need help with the OpenSCAD code. I'm thinking of a design where the hypercube's edges are represented by cylinders connecting its vertices, and I would like these edges to taper, with the edges closest to the viewpoint appearing thicker. I've been playing around with a 4D projection and it's really fascinating to see how it unfolds into a 3D representation.

Here are the specific features I'm looking for:

1.  **Hypercube Representation:** The model should accurately represent a 4D hypercube, projected into 3D space. The vertices and edges should be clearly defined.
2.  **Viewpoint Control:** I need parameters to control the viewpoint. Specifically:
    *   `a1`: An angle in the xy-plane (0 to 360 degrees).
    *   `a2`: An angle from the xy-plane (-89 to 89 degrees).
    *   `a3`: An angle from xyz-space (-89 to 89 degrees).
    *   `view_radius`: The distance of the viewpoint from the center of the hypercube. This should have some reasonable limits, maybe from 5 to 400.
3.  **Edge Thickness Control:** The thickness of the edges should vary based on their distance from the viewpoint:
    *   `min_thickness`: The minimum thickness of an edge (maybe from 1 to 5).
    *   `max_thickness`: The maximum thickness of an edge (maybe from 1 to 10).
    * The tapering should be done linearly based on each edge's vertex's distance from the viewer (farther vertices create smaller radius edges).
4.  **Hypercube Size:** A parameter to control the overall size of the hypercube.
    *   `Radius`:  The circumradius of the hypercube. This should have a parameter. (Maybe from 5 to 100).
5. **Curve Smoothness**
    * `plot_points` for each cylinder. (Maybe from 30 to 100).
6.  **No libraries:** I do not need to use any external OpenSCAD libraries for this. I'd prefer to keep it simple.

Essentially, the idea is to use the angles and viewing distance to calculate a 4D viewpoint, then project the 4D hypercube onto 3D based on this.

I think the tricky bit will be calculating the projection and getting the tapering right, so if there's anything I can do to clarify my requirements, just let me know.

[Assistant]
Hypercube3.scad:
```
//A Hypercube from any angle.

/* Method 1 */
//Angle in xy-plane
a1 = 0;//[0:360]

//Angle from xy-plane
a2 = 0;//[-89:89]

//angle from xyz-space
a3 = 0;//[-89:89]

//distance of view point from the center
view_radius = 25;//[5:400]

//of an edge
min_thickness = 1;//[1:0.2:5]

//of an edge
max_thickness = 5;//[1:0.2:10]

// of circumhypersphere
Radius = 20;//[5:100]

plot_points = 30;//[30:100]

/*  Hidden */

//The bone module generates a vertical cylinder that is capped by sphere.
module bone2(rad1,rad2,height,fn){
hull(){
translate([0,0,height])
       sphere(r=rad2,center=true,$fn=fn);
sphere(r=rad1,center=true,$fn=fn);
  }  }

 // The edge module defines a bone from point p1 to point p2
 module edge2(p1,p2,rad1,rad2,fn){
     translate(p1)
     rotate(acos(([0,0,1]*(p2-p1))/norm(p2-p1)),
         (pow((p2-p1)[0],2)+pow((p2-p1)[1],2)==0 &&(p2-p1)[2]<0)?
            [1,0,0]: cross([0,0,1],p2-p1))
     bone2(rad1,rad2,norm(p2-p1),fn);
 }

// Polytope draws all the edges.
module polytope2(verts,edges,dists,minrad,maxrad,plot_points){
 for(i=[0:len(edges)-1]){
     edge2(verts[edges[i][0]],verts[edges[i][1]],
            minrad+(maxrad-minrad)*pow(1.05,-1*dists[edges[i][0]]),
            minrad+(maxrad-minrad)*pow(1.05,-1*dists[edges[i][1]]),
     plot_points);}
 }

v=[view_radius*cos(a1)*cos(a2)*cos(a3),
   view_radius*sin(a1)*cos(a2)*cos(a3),
   view_radius*sin(a2)*cos(a3),
   view_radius*sin(a3)];

//XB YB ZB are an orthonormal basis for the space that we project onto.
XB = triplecross([0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1],v)/norm(triplecross([0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1],v));

YB = triplecross([0,0,0,1],v,XB)/norm(triplecross([0,0,0,1],v,XB));

ZB = triplecross(v,XB,YB)/norm(triplecross(v,XB,YB));

 Hcube_verts = [project(Radius/2*[1,1,1,1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[-1,1,1,1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[1,-1,1,1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[1,1,-1,1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[1,1,1,-1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[-1,-1,1,1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[-1,1,-1,1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[-1,1,1,-1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[1,-1,-1,1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[1,-1,1,-1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[1,1,-1,-1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[-1,-1,-1,1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[-1,-1,1,-1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[-1,1,-1,-1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[1,-1,-1,-1],v,XB,YB,ZB),
                project(Radius/2*[-1,-1,-1,-1],v,XB,YB,ZB)];

 Hcube_dists = [norm(v-Radius/2*[1,1,1,1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[-1,1,1,1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[1,-1,1,1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[1,1,-1,1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[1,1,1,-1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[-1,-1,1,1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[-1,1,-1,1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[-1,1,1,-1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[1,-1,-1,1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[1,-1,1,-1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[1,1,-1,-1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[-1,-1,-1,1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[-1,-1,1,-1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[-1,1,-1,-1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[1,-1,-1,-1]),
                norm(v-Radius/2*[-1,-1,-1,-1])];

 Hcube_edges = [[0,1],[0,2],[0,3],[0,4],
                [1,5],[1,6],[1,7],
                [2,5],[2,8],[2,9],
                [3,6],[3,8],[3,10],
                [4,7],[4,9],[4,10],
                [5,11],[5,12],[6,11],[6,13],
                [7,12],[7,13],[8,11],[8,14],
                [9,12],[9,14],[10,13],[10,14],
                [11,15],[12,15],[13,15],[14,15]];

// The cross product in 4D
function triplecross(v1,v2,v3) =
         [v1[1]*(v2[2]*v3[3]-v2[3]*v3[2])
         -v1[2]*(v2[3]*v3[1]-v2[1]*v3[3])
         +v1[3]*(v2[1]*v3[2]-v2[2]*v3[1]),
             -v1[0]*(v2[2]*v3[3]-v2[3]*v3[2])
             +v1[2]*(v2[3]*v3[0]-v2[0]*v3[3])
             -v1[3]*(v2[0]*v3[2]-v2[2]*v3[0]),
                   v1[0]*(v2[1]*v3[3]-v2[3]*v3[1])
                  -v1[1]*(v2[3]*v3[0]-v2[0]*v3[3])
                  +v1[3]*(v2[0]*v3[1]-v2[1]*v3[0]),
                       -v1[0]*(v2[1]*v3[2]-v2[2]*v3[1])
                       +v1[1]*(v2[2]*v3[0]-v2[0]*v3[2])
                       -v1[2]*(v2[0]*v3[1]-v2[1]*v3[0])];

//Convert the 4D shadow to 3D coordinates
function project(p,V,xb,yb,zb,) =
    [xb*shadow(p,V),yb*shadow(p,V),zb*shadow(p,V)];

// In 4D this calculates the point on the shadow or point p viewed from V
function shadow(p,V)=
    V-((V*V)/((p-V)*V)*(p-V));

polytope2(Hcube_verts,Hcube_edges,Hcube_dists,
                min_thickness,max_thickness,plot_points);

 //programmed by Will Webber 2015
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a pencil holder with a twisting, almost spiral-like design. I want it to have four holes for pencils.

Specifically, I envision the main body being formed by twisted extrusions of squares. I'd like there to be two squares extruded with a 180-degree twist, and then another two squares mirrored about the center of the shape and also extruded with a 180 degree twist, so those would be twisted in the opposite direction of the first two. Then I'd like to add two squares extruded with a full 360-degree twist, and lastly two squares extruded with a 180 degree twist, all centered around where the pencil holes are placed. The squares should be 10x10 units. I would like the twist to be spread out along the entire height of the holder. The height of the holder should be a customizable parameter, I’ll call it `HeightHolder`.

The pencil holes should be cylindrical and created using a difference operation on the twisted square extrusions. The centers of the holes should align with the centers of the final 4 10x10 squares mentioned above, two twisted with 360 degrees and two with 180 degrees. The distance from the origin to the center of each hole on the XY plane should be a parameter, let's call it `Holes`. The radius of each hole is also a parameter, called `Radius`.

Finally, I want to be able to control the number of slices used in the linear extrude operations, I'll call this `Slices`.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files for this? I don't need any special libraries, just the core OpenSCAD features.

[Assistant]
PencilHolder.scad:
```
//Pencil Holder

//Height Of Holder
HeightHolder = 100;

//Slices Of Twists
Slices = 360;

//X, Y Place Where Holes Are
Holes = 10;

//Radius Of Pencil Hole
Radius = 4.5;

difference(){
    union(){
        linear_extrude(height = HeightHolder, twist = 180, scale = 1, slices = Slices)
            translate([Holes,Holes]){
                square([10, 10]);
            }
        linear_extrude(height = HeightHolder, twist = -180, scale = 1, slices = Slices)
            translate([-Holes*2,-Holes*2]){
                square([10, 10]);
            }
        linear_extrude(height = HeightHolder, twist = -180, scale = 1, slices = Slices)
            translate([Holes,Holes]){
                square([10, 10]);
            }
        linear_extrude(height = HeightHolder, twist = 180, scale = 1, slices = Slices)
            translate([-Holes*2,-Holes*2]){
                square([10, 10]);
            }
        translate([Holes*1.5,Holes*1.5,0]){
            linear_extrude(height = HeightHolder, twist = 360, scale = 1, slices = Slices)
                square([10,10],center=true);
        }
        translate([-Holes*1.5,-Holes*1.5,0]){
            linear_extrude(height = HeightHolder, twist = 360, scale = 1, slices = Slices)
                square([10,10],center=true);
        }
        translate([-Holes*1.5,Holes*1.5,0]){
            linear_extrude(height = HeightHolder/2, twist = 180, scale = 1, slices = Slices)
                square([10,10],center=true);
        }
        translate([Holes*1.5,-Holes*1.5,0]){
            linear_extrude(height = HeightHolder/2, twist = 180, scale = 1, slices = Slices)
                square([10,10],center=true);
        }
    }
    translate([Holes*1.5,Holes*1.5,0]){
        cylinder(HeightHolder,Radius,Radius,$fn = 100);
    }
    translate([-Holes*1.5,-Holes*1.5,0]){
        cylinder(HeightHolder,Radius,Radius,$fn = 100);
    }
    translate([-Holes*1.5,Holes*1.5,0]){
        cylinder(HeightHolder,Radius,Radius,$fn = 100);
    }
    translate([Holes*1.5,-Holes*1.5,0]){
        cylinder(HeightHolder,Radius,Radius,$fn = 100);
    }
}
```