[User]
Hi! I'm looking for help creating some OpenSCAD files to generate custom plugs and caps for square and rectangular tubing. I need the design to be parametric so I can easily adjust the dimensions.

Here's what I need:

*   **Basic Shape:** The plugs/caps should fit inside square or rectangular tubing.
*   **Tube Dimensions:** I need to be able to specify the outside dimensions of the tube (X and Y). If I only provide one dimension, it will be assumed the tube is square.
*   **Wall Thickness:** I'll need to specify the tube wall thickness.
*   **Corner Rounding:** I'd like to control the amount of rounding on the cap's corners, from no rounding to maximum.
*   **Cap Length:** I need to control the overall length of the cap.
*   **Cap Taper:** I want to control how much of the cap is straight and how much is tapered with a consistent 45-degree angle. I'd like to specify this as a percentage of the cap length which is straight.
*   **Recess:** I want a recessed portion inside the tube, scaled by a percentage.
*   **Retaining Tabs:** The design should have retaining tabs on the sides to keep the plug in place.
*   **Grooved Tabs:** I'd like the *option* to add grooves to these tabs.
*   **Build Plate Display:** I'd like to be able to optionally show a build plate underneath the object for better visualization in the customizer.
*   **Units:** I'd like to be able to input dimensions in either mm or inches. But the output will always be in mm.

I'd like to ensure the design includes some sanity checks - prevent the cap length from being too short or long, that the wall thickness isn't too thin, that the wall isn't too thick for the tube, and that the overall tube dimensions aren't too large. I also need to be able to see descriptive error messages in the preview if any of those values are set to something that can't work.

For the build plate display, it should have a few preset options and a manual input option (Replicator 2, Replicator, Thingomatic, Manual). When using "manual", I need to specify the build plate's x and y dimensions. The build plate should be purely for display and not part of the final model output.

I'm not familiar with using any libraries, but is there anything that you would suggest to help with any of these aspects of the design?

[Assistant]
square_plug_generator.scad:
```
// OpenSCAD file to create custom sized plugs/caps for square and rectangular tubes.
// Setup for use with Thingiverse.com customizer.
//
// preview[view:south west, tilt:bottom diagonal]
//
// Created Aug 14, 2016 by Allan M. Estes
//
// to do:
//   [x]keep consistant angle on cap taper
//   (allow control of taper angle?)
//   [x]display on build surface w/on-off option
//   [x]control view
//   [x]more sanity checks?
//   [x]possibly angle retaining tabs out a degree or two
//   (allow control of tab angle?)
//   [x]base tab size on tube size (like 2/3*sqrt((x+y)/2) )

$fn=36+0;

// Following are parameter which are configurable through the customizer

// input_units exists to allow mm or inch values to be entered through customizer
// it is currently disabled and set to mm input;
// Units for customizer input (output is allways mm)
input_units = 1+0; // [1:mm, 25.4:inch]

// Outside measurement of tube end (X direction)
tube_x =  25.4;
// Outside measurement of tube end (Y direction) 0 = same as X (square tube)
tube_y = 0;
// How thick is tube wall
tube_wall = 1.58;
// Amount of rounding to apply to corners (0=no rounding, 50=default rounding, 100=maximum rounding)
corner_rounding = 50; // [0:100]

// Length of external portion of cap/plug
cap_length = 5;
// Portion of plug with straigt sides (pergentage)
straight_pct = 50; // [0:100]
// Add grooves to retaining tabs?
groove_tabs = 1; // [0:no, 1:yes]
// Percent cap will be recessed underneath (none to maximum)
recess_pct = 100; // [0:100]

// user control of viewable build plate in Customizer:
// Turn on viewable build plate?
display_build_plate = 0; // [0:no, 1:yes]
use <utils/build_plate.scad>
// For display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 3; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]
// When Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]
// When Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

// santize/convert parameters:
tubeY = abs((tube_y==0) ? tube_x : tube_y) * input_units;
tubeX = abs(tube_x) * input_units;
tubeWall = abs(tube_wall) * input_units;
capLen = abs(cap_length) * input_units;

echo(tubeY);

fillet = tubeWall * (corner_rounding/25); // 0:4, default=2
taperpct = 1 - (straight_pct/100);

shorter = min(tubeX,tubeY);
tabThck = 3/5*sqrt((tubeX+tubeY)/2);
tabLen = (tubeX+tubeX)/2/3;

// flag problems for bad data, used later to generate error "messages"
bad_cap = capLen<2 || capLen>shorter;	// too short or long (long is a bit arbitrary)
bad_wall = tubeWall<1;				// too thin
bad_ratio = shorter<2*tubeWall+3*tabThck;	// too thick for tube
bad_over = tubeX>800 || tubeY>800;	// really determined by build plate
									// it won't break the program but why bother
bad_input = tubeX==undef || tubeY==undef || tubeWall==undef || capLen==undef;

// Module definitions start here

// copy and move an object
module duplicat(M) {
  child(0);
  translate(M) child(0);
}

// generate 2d shape used to build cap
module cap_outline() {
  if (2*fillet>shorter) {
      circle(fillet);
   } else if (fillet>0) {
    minkowski() {
      square([tubeX-(2*fillet),tubeY-(2*fillet)], true);
      circle(fillet);
    }
  } else
      square([tubeX,tubeY], true);
}

// hollows/recesses cap by difference with a scalled down clone
module hollow() {
  hpctx = (tubeX-2*(tubeWall+tabThck))/tubeX;
  hpcty = (tubeY-2*(tubeWall+tabThck))/tubeY;
  // possibly calc a min cap thickness bassed on tube size??
  hpct = max(hpctx, hpcty) * (recess_pct/100);
  // reduce hollow if cap will be too thin:
  hpctz = ((1-hpct)*capLen>1.5) ? hpct : max((capLen-1.25)/capLen,0);

  difference() {
    child();
    scale(v=[hpctx,hpcty,hpct]) child();
  }
}

// create cap portion of plug/cap
module build_cap() {
    hollow()
    union() {
      if (taperpct>0) {
        translate([0,0,capLen*(1-taperpct)])
		// scale is based on length to maintain a 45 deg angle - could be adjustable
        linear_extrude(height=capLen*taperpct, center=false, convexity=10, scale=1-(capLen*taperpct/(shorter/2)))
        child(0);
      }
      if (taperpct!=1) {
        linear_extrude(height=capLen*(1-taperpct), center=false, convexity=10)
        child(0);
      }
    }
}

// modules to deal with retaining tabs
// tabs are created by building a 2D profile, extruding to length (and beveling the
// ends for clearance), and moving into position

// 2D shape for tab
module tab_profile() {
  sp = (tabLen - .75*tabThck - tubeWall)/3; // spacing for grooves, a hack

  multmatrix([ [1,0,0,0], [sin(-2.5),1,0,0], [0,0,1,0], [0,0,0,1] ])
  difference() {
    polygon([[0,0],[tabLen-.75*tabThck,0],[tabLen,.75*tabThck],[tabLen,tabThck],[0,tabThck]]);
    if (groove_tabs) {
      for (i=[0:2]) {
        translate([tabLen-.75*tabThck-.6*sp-i*(sp*1.05),-sp/3.0])
        circle(sp*.6);
      }
    }
    translate([tubeWall/3,-tubeWall/3,0])
    circle(tubeWall/2);
  }
}

// extrude tabe to length and bevel
module build_tab(size) {
  difference() {
  linear_extrude(height=size,center=false) child(0);
  duplicat([0,0,size])
  translate([(tabLen*1.1)/2,tabThck,0])
  rotate([45,0,0])
  cube([tabLen*1.1,tabThck,tabThck], true);
  }
}

// generates and places the four retaining tabs
module place_tabs() {
  tabWidX = tubeX-2*(tubeWall+tabThck);
  tabWidY = tubeY-2*(tubeWall+tabThck);

  translate([tubeX/2-tubeWall,tabWidY/-2,0])
  rotate([-90,90,0])
  build_tab(tabWidY) child(0);

  translate([tubeX/-2+tubeWall,tabWidY/2,0])
  rotate([90,90,0])
  build_tab(tabWidY) child(0);

  translate([tabWidX/2,tubeY/2-tubeWall,0])
  rotate([180,90,0])
  build_tab(tabWidX) child(0);

  translate([tabWidX/-2,tubeY/-2+tubeWall,0])
  rotate([0,90,0])
  build_tab(tabWidX) child(0);
}

// Main "code" starts here, first portion deals with customizer errors

s = 10 + 0; r=s*1.414+s; // points to create octagon
if (bad_input || bad_cap || bad_wall || bad_ratio || bad_over) {
  rotate([90,0,0]) {
    color("red")
    translate([0,0,-.01])
    polygon([[r,s],[s,r],[-s,r],[-r,s],[-r,-s],[-s,-r],[s,-r],[r,-s]]);
    text("Bad Parameters",halign="center",valign="bottom");
    if (bad_input) {
        text("Missing or non-numeric data",halign="center",valign="top");
       //echo("Missing or non-numeric data");
    } else if (bad_ratio) {
        text("Wall too thick for Tube dimensions",halign="center",valign="top");
       //echo("Wall too thick for Tube dimensions");
    } else if (bad_wall) {
        text("Wall too thin",halign="center",valign="top");
        //echo("Wall too thin");
    } else if (bad_cap) {
        text("Bad Cap Length",halign="center",valign="top");
        //echo("Bad Cap Length");
    } else if (bad_over) {
        text("Overly large Tube dimensions",halign="center",valign="top");
        //echo("Overly large Tube dimensions");
    }
  }
} else {

// The cap/plug is built here...

  if (display_build_plate)
	build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);
  translate([0,0,capLen]) rotate([0,180,0]) // position object for build plate
  union() {
    place_tabs() tab_profile();
    build_cap() cap_outline();
  }
}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable maze bracelet using OpenSCAD. I have a basic idea of the design, but I need help coding it.

The bracelet should be cylindrical, with the maze pathways carved into its surface. The maze itself is going to be generated algorithmically rather than pre-defined. The maze will be a grid of blocks, where walls between blocks determine the maze layout. The bracelet should be parametric so I can control various aspects of the maze and the bracelet's dimensions.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to adjust:

*   `ring_thickness`: The overall thickness of the bracelet ring (essentially the height of the walls of the maze pathways).
*   `wall_thickness`: The thickness of the walls that make up the maze itself.
*   `vertical_blocks`: The number of blocks vertically in the maze.
*   `horizontal_blocks`: The number of blocks horizontally in the maze. This is what determines how many "steps" there are around the cylinder.
*   `spacing`: The amount of clearance or air gap between the inside of the maze and a smaller cylinder inside of it.

I would like the maze to be generated using a randomized depth-first search algorithm. I've seen examples that use a system of "visited" flags in a data structure to track maze progress.

The maze design will be such that the outer wall of the cylinder defines the outside of the maze and the inner wall is a separate concentric cylinder that isn't part of the maze and is simply the inner wall of the bracelet. The "walls" of the maze itself are going to be carved out of the outer cylinder wall, so they are recessed relative to the outer surface.

I'd like to include a small "stick" or peg that protrudes from the bracelet's inner ring and extends into the maze channel, making it easier to follow the maze by hand. Additionally, I would like a small heart symbol on the outside of the inner ring.

Could you create a single .scad file that includes all the necessary code, including the maze generation algorithm and the bracelet's design, along with the stick and the heart symbol? I'd prefer to avoid any dependencies on external libraries for this.

[Assistant]
moving_maze_bracelet.scad:
```
ring_thickness = 4;
wall_thickness = 4;
vertical_blocks = 3;
horizontal_blocks = 34;
spacing = 0.7;

/*
 * constants, for clearness
 *
 */

// random directions, for picking up a direction to visit the next block
function PERMUTATION_OF_FOUR() = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4],
    [1, 2, 4, 3],
    [1, 3, 2, 4],
    [1, 3, 4, 2],
    [1, 4, 2, 3],
    [1, 4, 3, 2],
    [2, 1, 3, 4],
    [2, 1, 4, 3],
    [2, 3, 1, 4],
    [2, 3, 4, 1],
    [2, 4, 1, 3],
    [2, 4, 3, 1],
    [3, 1, 2, 4],
    [3, 1, 4, 2],
    [3, 2, 1, 4],
    [3, 2, 4, 1],
    [3, 4, 1, 2],
    [3, 4, 2, 1],
    [4, 1, 2, 3],
    [4, 1, 3, 2],
    [4, 2, 1, 3],
    [4, 2, 3, 1],
    [4, 3, 1, 2],
    [4, 3, 2, 1]
];

function NO_WALL() = 0;
function UP_WALL() = 1;
function RIGHT_WALL() = 2;
function UP_RIGHT_WALL() = 3;

function NOT_VISITED() = 0;
function VISITED() = 1;

/*
 * modules for creating a maze
 *
 */

function PI() = 3.14159;

module a_quarter_arc(radius, angle, width = 1) {
    outer = radius + width;
    intersection() {
        difference() {
            offset(r = width) circle(radius, $fn=96);
            circle(radius, $fn=96);
        }
        polygon([[0, 0], [outer, 0], [outer, outer * sin(angle)], [outer * cos(angle), outer * sin(angle)]]);
    }
}

module arc(radius, angles, width = 1) {
    angle_from = angles[0];
    angle_to = angles[1];
    angle_difference = angle_to - angle_from;
    outer = radius + width;
    rotate(angle_from)
        if(angle_difference <= 90) {
            a_quarter_arc(radius, angle_difference, width);
        } else if(angle_difference > 90 && angle_difference <= 180) {
            arc(radius, [0, 90], width);
            rotate(90) a_quarter_arc(radius, angle_difference - 90, width);
        } else if(angle_difference > 180 && angle_difference <= 270) {
            arc(radius, [0, 180], width);
            rotate(180) a_quarter_arc(radius, angle_difference - 180, width);
        } else if(angle_difference > 270 && angle_difference <= 360) {
            arc(radius, [0, 270], width);
            rotate(270) a_quarter_arc(radius, angle_difference - 270, width);
       }
}

module horizontal_wall(radius, angle_from, length, thickness = 1, height = 1) {
    angle_difference = 180 * length / (PI() * radius);
    angle_to = angle_from + angle_difference;
    linear_extrude(thickness) arc(radius, [angle_from, angle_to], height);
}

module vertical_wall(radius, angle_from, length, thickness = 1, height = 1) {
     translate([0, 0, thickness]) mirror([0, 0, 1]) horizontal_wall(radius, angle_from, thickness, length + thickness, height);
}

/*
 * utilities functions
 *
 */

// comare the equality of [x1, y1] and [x2, y2]
function cord_equals(cord1, cord2) = cord1 == cord2;

// is the point visited?
function not_visited(cord, vs, index = 0) =
    index == len(vs) ? true :
        (cord_equals([vs[index][0], vs[index][1]], cord) && vs[index][2] == 1 ? false :
            not_visited(cord, vs, index + 1));

// pick a direction randomly
function rand_dirs() =
    PERMUTATION_OF_FOUR()[round(rands(0, 24, 1)[0])];

// replace v1 in the vector with v2
function replace(v1, v2, vs) =
    [for(i = [0:len(vs) - 1]) vs[i] == v1 ? v2 : vs[i]];

/*
 * functions for generating a maze vector
 *
 */

// initialize a maze
function init_maze(rows, columns) =
    [
	    for(c = [1 : columns])
	        for(r = [1 : rows])
		        [c, r, 0,  UP_RIGHT_WALL()]
	];

// find a vector in the maze vector
function find(i, j, maze_vector, index = 0) =
    index == len(maze_vector) ? [] : (
        cord_equals([i, j], [maze_vector[index][0], maze_vector[index][1]]) ? maze_vector[index] : find(i, j, maze_vector, index + 1)
    );

////
// NO_WALL = 0;
// UP_WALL = 1;
// RIGHT_WALL = 2;
// UP_RIGHT_WALL = 3;
function delete_right_wall(original_block) =
    original_block == NO_WALL() || original_block == RIGHT_WALL() ? NO_WALL() : UP_WALL();

function delete_up_wall(original_block) =
    (original_block == NO_WALL() || original_block == UP_WALL()) ? NO_WALL() : RIGHT_WALL();

function delete_right_wall_of(vs, is_visited, maze_vector) =
    replace(vs, [vs[0], vs[1] , is_visited, delete_right_wall(vs[3])] ,maze_vector);

function delete_up_wall_of(vs, is_visited, maze_vector) =
    replace(vs, [vs[0], vs[1] , is_visited, delete_up_wall(vs[3])] ,maze_vector);

function go_right(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i + 1, j, rows, columns, delete_right_wall_of(find(i, j, maze_vector), VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_up(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i, j - 1, rows, columns, delete_up_wall_of(find(i, j, maze_vector), VISITED(), maze_vector));

function visit(v, maze_vector) =
    replace(v, [v[0], v[1], VISITED(), v[3]], maze_vector);

function go_left(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i - 1, j, rows, columns, delete_right_wall_of(find(i - 1, j, maze_vector), NOT_VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_down(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i, j + 1, rows, columns, delete_up_wall_of(find(i, j + 1, maze_vector), NOT_VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_maze(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    look_around(i, j, rand_dirs(), rows, columns, visit(find(i, j, maze_vector), maze_vector));

function look_around(i, j, dirs, rows, columns, maze_vector, index = 0) =
    index == 4 ? maze_vector :
        look_around(
            i, j, dirs,
            rows, columns,
            build_wall(i, j, dirs[index], rows, columns, maze_vector),
            index + 1
        );

function build_wall(i, j, n, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    n == 1 && i != columns && not_visited([i + 1, j], maze_vector) ? go_right(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) : (
        n == 2 && j != 1 && not_visited([i, j - 1], maze_vector) ? go_up(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector)  : (
            n == 3 && i != 1 && not_visited([i - 1, j], maze_vector) ? go_left(i, j,rows, columns,  maze_vector)  : (
                n == 4 && j != rows && not_visited([i, j + 1], maze_vector) ? go_down(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) : maze_vector
            )
        )
    );

module maze_bracelet(cylinder_r_h, blocks_v_h, maze_vector, wall_thickness = 1, wall_height = 1) {
    cylinder_r = cylinder_r_h[0];
    cylinder_h = cylinder_r_h[1];
    v_blocks = blocks_v_h[0];
    h_blocks = blocks_v_h[1];

    step_angle = 360 / h_blocks;

    horizontal_wall_length = 2 * PI() * cylinder_r / h_blocks;
    vertical_wall_length = cylinder_h / v_blocks;

    vertical_wall_angle = wall_thickness * 180 / (PI() * cylinder_r);

    for(vi = [0:len(maze_vector) - 1]) {
        cord = maze_vector[vi];
        i = cord[0] - 1;
        j = cord[1] - 1;
        v = cord[3];

        if(v == 1 || v == 3) {
            translate([0, 0, -j * vertical_wall_length])
                horizontal_wall(cylinder_r, i * step_angle, horizontal_wall_length, wall_thickness, wall_height);
        }
        if(v == 2 || v == 3) {
            translate([0, 0, -j * vertical_wall_length])
                vertical_wall(cylinder_r, i * step_angle + step_angle - vertical_wall_angle, vertical_wall_length, wall_thickness, wall_height);
        }
    }

    translate([0, 0, -cylinder_h])
         horizontal_wall(cylinder_r, 0, 2 * PI() * cylinder_r, wall_thickness, wall_height);
}

module moving_maze_bracelet(ring_thickness, wall_thickness, vertical_blocks, horizontal_blocks, spacing) {
    wall_height = ring_thickness;

	cylinder_radius = ceil(horizontal_blocks  * wall_thickness / PI()) + 1;
	cylinder_height = (vertical_blocks * 2 + 1) * wall_thickness;

	maze_vector = go_maze(1, 1, vertical_blocks, horizontal_blocks, replace([horizontal_blocks, vertical_blocks, 0, UP_RIGHT_WALL()], [horizontal_blocks, vertical_blocks, 0, UP_RIGHT_WALL()], init_maze(vertical_blocks, horizontal_blocks)));

	maze_bracelet([cylinder_radius, cylinder_height], [vertical_blocks, horizontal_blocks], maze_vector, wall_thickness, wall_height);

	translate([0, 0, -cylinder_height]) difference() {
		cylinder(h=cylinder_height + wall_thickness, r=cylinder_radius - spacing, $fn=48);

		cylinder(h=cylinder_height + wall_thickness, r=cylinder_radius - spacing - wall_height, $fn=48);
	}

	// stick
	translate([cylinder_radius - wall_height, wall_thickness / 2, -wall_thickness / 2 - spacing])
	    rotate([0, 90, 0])
	        linear_extrude(3 * wall_height)
			    circle(wall_thickness / 2 - spacing / 2, $fn = 24);

    // heart
	translate([cylinder_radius + wall_height + spacing, wall_thickness / 2, -wall_thickness / 2 - spacing]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) linear_extrude(wall_height)
		rotate(90)
		    text("❤", font = "Arial Unicode MS", size = wall_thickness * 1.5, valign = "center", halign = "center");
}

moving_maze_bracelet(ring_thickness, wall_thickness, vertical_blocks, horizontal_blocks, spacing);

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a parametric ukulele fretboard, something I can customize for different sizes. I have a basic idea already using OpenSCAD, but it's pretty rough. I'd like to have a more polished and flexible design I can use.

Here are the main parameters I'm thinking about:

**Instrument:**

*   `Scale_length`: The length of the scale (nut to bridge) in mm. I'd like to be able to adjust this between 200 and 400mm, probably in increments of 0.1mm.
*   `Num_Frets`: The number of frets on the fretboard. This should be adjustable from 8 to 40, in whole numbers.

**Fretboard:**

*   `FB_length`: The actual length of the fretboard itself in mm. I’d like to be able to set this from 80 to 300mm, stepping by 0.1mm.
*   `FB_width`: The width of the fretboard in mm. The range should be 10 to 100mm, stepping by 0.1mm.
*   `FB_thickness`: The base thickness of the fretboard, going from 2.6 to 20mm with 0.1mm steps.

**Frets:**

*   `Fret_thickness`: The width of the frets themselves in mm.  This should be adjustable from 0.1 to 5mm, stepping by 0.01mm.
*   `Fret_height`: The height of the frets in mm.  The range here should be 0.1 to 3mm with 0.01mm steps.

**Nut:**

*   `Nut_size`: The thickness of the nut in mm, with a range of 1 to 8mm and 0.1mm steps.
*  `Nut_height`: The height of the nut in mm, same range as Nut_size - 1 to 8mm with 0.1mm steps
*  `Groove_depth`: The depth of the string grooves in the nut, from 0.1 to 1.5mm, 0.1mm steps
*  `Groove_thickness`: The thickness/radius of the string grooves in the nut, also from 0.1 to 1.5mm, 0.1mm steps

I'd like the fretboard itself to be a simple rectangular cube. The frets should be rectangular bars that are positioned correctly based on the scale length. And finally, the nut should also be a rectangular bar, with the string grooves cut into it. For all objects, I'd like the center of each object to be at the origin. The nut should be positioned at the beginning of the fretboard, and all fret distances should be calculated using the standard 17.817 constant for fret spacing. It should start at the nut and be calculated outwards from there.

I don't need a lot of fancy details, just the basics that I can customize. Could you generate an OpenSCAD file for this? I don't think any specific libraries are needed for this design.

[Assistant]
Fretboard.scad:
```
/* [Instrument] */
//Scale Length in mm
Scale_length = 280; //[200:0.1:400]
//Number of Frets
Num_Frets = 12; //[8:40]

/* [Fretboard] */
//Length in mm
FB_length = 142; //[80:0.1:300]
//Width in mm
FB_width = 40; //[10:0.1:100]
//Base thickness in mm
FB_thickness = 3; //[2.6:0.1:20]

/* [Frets] */
//Fret width in mm
Fret_thickness = 1.25; //[0.1:0.01:5]
//Fret height in mm
Fret_height = 1.05; //[0.1:0.01:3]

/* [Nut] */
//Nut thickness in mm
Nut_size = 5; //[1:0.1:8]
//Nut height in mm
Nut_height = 2.4; //[1:0.1:8]
//Depth of grooves in mm
Groove_depth = .5; //[0.1:0.1:1.5]
//Groove thickness in mm
Groove_thickness = 1; //[0.1:0.1:1.5]

//Fretboard
color("yellow")cube([FB_length, FB_width, FB_thickness], center=true);

//Nut
translate([FB_length/2-((Nut_size/2)*.785),0,-(Nut_size/2-FB_thickness/2)+Nut_height])
fret_shape(FB_width, Nut_size, Nut_size, 4, "Y");

//Frets
color("red") frets(Num_Frets,(Nut_size/2)*.785,Scale_length);

module frets(NumFrets, Offset, Scale) {

	offs = Offset + ((Scale-Offset)/17.817);
	translate([(FB_length/2)-offs,0,(FB_thickness/2-Fret_thickness)+Fret_height])
	fret_shape(FB_width, Fret_thickness*2, Fret_thickness*2, 4, "N");
//	echo(NumFrets,offs);

	if(NumFrets > 1){frets(NumFrets-1,offs,Scale);}
}

module fret_shape(Length, Width, Height, NumStrings, Grooves){

intersection() {
	rotate([90,0,90])
	color("blue")cube([Length*2, Height*4, Width*.785], center=true);

	difference(){
		translate([0,FB_width/2,0])
		rotate([90,0,0])
		color("blue")
		cylinder(r=Width/2,h=FB_width,$fn = 300);

		//string grooves
		if (Grooves == "Y") {
			translate([-FB_width/4,-(FB_width/3),( Nut_size/2)+1-Groove_depth])
			rotate([0,90,0])
			cylinder(r=Groove_thickness,h=FB_width/2,$fn = 300);
			translate([-FB_width/4,(FB_width/3),( Nut_size/2)+1-Groove_depth])
			rotate([0,90,0])
			cylinder(r=Groove_thickness,h=FB_width/2,$fn = 300);
			translate([-FB_width/4,-(FB_width/8.5),( Nut_size/2)+1-Groove_depth])
			rotate([0,90,0])
			cylinder(r=Groove_thickness,h=FB_width/2,$fn = 300);
			translate([-FB_width/4,(FB_width/8.5),( Nut_size/2)+1-Groove_depth])
			rotate([0,90,0])
			cylinder(r=Groove_thickness,h=FB_width/2,$fn = 300);
			}
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable nameplate using OpenSCAD. The design should feature a rectangular plate with three lines of text engraved on it and two screw holes. I need to be able to adjust the overall plate dimensions (width, height, depth), the text for each of the three lines, the size of each text line, and the placement of the text. I also need to specify the location of the two screw holes on the plate.

Specifically, here are the parameters I'd like to control:

*   `plate_width`: The overall width of the nameplate.
*   `plate_height`: The overall height of the nameplate.
*   `plate_depth`: The thickness of the nameplate.
*   `line_1`: The text for the first line.
*   `line_2`: The text for the second line.
*   `line_3`: The text for the third line.
*   `text_size1`: The font size for the first line of text.
*   `text_size2`: The font size for the second line of text.
*   `text_size3`: The font size for the third line of text.
*   `screw_offset`: The horizontal offset (from left edge) for the two screw holes; the holes should have a diameter of 4mm (radius of 2mm).
*   `text_offset_1`: Vertical offset of the first text line from the top of the nameplate; I'd like the default to be about 1/3 the way down.
*   `text_offset_2`: Vertical offset of the second text line from the top of the nameplate; I'd like the default to be about half way down.
*   `text_offset_3`: Vertical offset of the third text line from the top of the nameplate; I'd like the default to be around 2/3rds the way down.

I'm not too worried about specifying units; the default should be in millimeters. The text should be centered horizontally in the plate. The nameplate should have a small inset around the outside edge that is 1mm thick.

I would like the generated code to use the `write()` function from the `Write.scad` library.

[Assistant]
nameplate.scad:
```
	/*
*****************************************************
By Daniel Lindahl
i@d9l.se
2013
*****************************************************
*/
use <write/Write.scad>
//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES
build_plate_selector = 1; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]
line_1 = "John Doe";
line_2 = "2005-2006";
line_3 = "2005-2006";
plate_height = 32;
plate_width = 89;
plate_depth  = 2;
text_size1 = 8;
text_size2 = 8;
text_size3 = 6;
intend = plate_width/2;

rad1 = plate_height-(plate_height/3.45) ;
rad2 = plate_height/2;
rad3 = plate_height-(plate_height/1.45) ;
screw = plate_width-5;
//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES END

difference() {
				cube([plate_width,plate_height,plate_depth],center=false);
					# translate ([1,1,plate_depth]) {
										cube([plate_width-2,plate_height-2,1],center=false);
					}

						translate([5,rad2,0]) {
										cylinder(h=plate_depth,r=2);
					}
						translate([screw,rad2,0]) {
										cylinder(h=plate_depth,r=2);
					}
}

translate([intend,rad1,plate_depth])
write(line_1 ,h=text_size1,t=2,center=true);

translate([intend,rad2,plate_depth])
write(line_2 ,h=text_size2,t=2,center=true);

translate([intend,rad3,plate_depth])
write(line_3,h=text_size3 ,t=2,center=true);

```


[User]
Hey there! I'm looking to generate some custom buttons and I need a parametric OpenSCAD design. I've got a decent idea of the features I want, and I've even got some example code, which I'll paste at the end in case it helps with the details.

The basic idea is a cylindrical button with some customizable features. Here's what I need:

*   **Diameter:** The button diameter should be adjustable. I'm thinking a range of, say, 8mm to 44mm should cover what I need, with a default of about 20.5mm. It should be a metric measurement.
*   **Thickness:** I need to be able to control the button thickness. I'd like to have a range of 2mm to 5mm, defaulting to 3mm.
*   **Lip:** I need to have an optional lip, which can either be flat or pipe-shaped. If I choose "flat", then there should be no lip, but if I choose "pipe", then a lip should be added to the cylinder. I should be able to specify the size of this lip, defaulting to 2mm. The lip should extend around the edge. The size range for this should be 0-5.
*   **Holes:** The button should have some evenly spaced holes that go all the way through the button. I need to be able to control how many holes there are (either 2 or 4), defaulting to 4, and the distance of those holes from the center of the button. The spacing of these holes should be controllable from 3mm to 8mm, defaulting to 6mm.
*   **Flatness:** I'd like to be able to control the overall "flatness" of the button. I'd like an option for concave, flat, or convex. This feature will control a spherical component which will be added or subtracted from the cylinder, with flat being the default. Concave should be a subtraction, and convex should be an addition.

I think that covers everything! I don't need any specific libraries. I'm mainly using this for 3D printing, so if there's any general best practice for printable designs, feel free to throw those in as well. If there's anything else you need from me, just let me know! Here's the example code.

```
diameter=20.56; // [8:44]
thickness=3; // [2:5]
liptype=0; // [0:flat, 1:pipe]
lipsize=2; // [0:5]
holecount=4; // [2,4]
holespacing=6; // [3:8]
flatness=-1; // [-1:concave, 0:flat, 1:convex]

difference(){
	union(){
		cylinder(d=diameter,h=thickness,center=true,$fn=64);
		if(flatness==1){
		translate([0,0,thickness/2]) scale([1,1,1/diameter*thickness*2]) sphere(d=diameter-lipsize*2,$fn=64);
		}
	}
	for(i=[1:holecount]){
		rotate([0,0,360/holecount*i]) translate([holespacing/2,0,0]) cylinder(d=2,h=thickness+2*3,$fn=32,center=true);
	}
	if(flatness==-1){
	translate([0,0,thickness/2]) scale([1,1,1/diameter*thickness*2]) sphere(d=diameter-lipsize*2,$fn=64);
	}
}
if(lipsize && liptype==1){
			translate([0,0,thickness/2]) rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=64)
			translate([diameter/2-lipsize/2, 0, 0])
			circle(d = lipsize, $fn=64);
		}
```

[Assistant]
buttonmaker_01_metric.scad:
```
diameter=20.56; // [8:44]
thickness=3; // [2:5]
liptype=0; // [0:flat, 1:pipe]
lipsize=2; // [0:5]
holecount=4; // [2,4]
holespacing=6; // [3:8]
flatness=-1; // [-1:concave, 0:flat, 1:convex]

difference(){
	union(){
		cylinder(d=diameter,h=thickness,center=true,$fn=64);
		if(flatness==1){
		translate([0,0,thickness/2]) scale([1,1,1/diameter*thickness*2]) sphere(d=diameter-lipsize*2,$fn=64);
		}
	}
	for(i=[1:holecount]){
		rotate([0,0,360/holecount*i]) translate([holespacing/2,0,0]) cylinder(d=2,h=thickness+2*3,$fn=32,center=true);
	}
	if(flatness==-1){
	translate([0,0,thickness/2]) scale([1,1,1/diameter*thickness*2]) sphere(d=diameter-lipsize*2,$fn=64);
	}
}
if(lipsize && liptype==1){
			translate([0,0,thickness/2]) rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=64)
			translate([diameter/2-lipsize/2, 0, 0])
			circle(d = lipsize, $fn=64);
		}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric button generator in OpenSCAD. The primary sizing should be in lignes, a traditional button measurement, but I'd like the option to also have the diameter in millimeters as well. I'm thinking a system of modules to make things easier to understand, so the base shape of the button would be one module, the holes another, any additional lip options would be in a different module, and I’d like to keep the convexity/concavity in a separate module.

Here are the parameters I want to control:

*   **`ligne`**:  Button diameter in lignes, with a reasonable range like 14 to 72. A value of 32 would be the default.
*   **`mm_diameter`**: Button diameter in millimeters, if `ligne` is set to 0, then use this, otherwise, ignore it. A value of 20 would be a reasonable default.
*   **`thickness`**: Button thickness, adjustable between, say, 2 and 5mm, with a default of 3.
*   **`lip_type`**:  An option to add a lip to the edge of the button. This should be a boolean (0 for no lip, 1 for pipe-like lip).
*  **`lip_size`**: How wide the lip should be, in millimeters, from 0 to 5mm. Default should be 2. This is ignored if `lip_type` is false.
*   **`hole_count`**: Number of holes in the button, which can be either 2 or 4. Default is 4.
*  **`hole_spacing`**:  The distance the holes are from the center, from 3mm to 8mm, with a default of 6.
*  **`flatness`**: An integer that controls convexity/concavity with -1 being concave, 0 flat, and 1 convex. The default should be -1 (concave).

I’m envisioning these modules:

1.  **`button_base()`**: This would create the main cylindrical button shape based on `ligne` or `mm_diameter` and the `thickness`.
2.  **`button_holes()`**: This module adds the holes to the button, based on `hole_count`, `hole_spacing`, and `thickness`. These should be simple cylinders that go all the way through the button.
3.  **`button_lip()`**: This module should create the optional lip. This module will only run if `lip_type` is true.
4.  **`button_flatness()`**: This module will create the concavity/convexity based on the `flatness` variable. This module should be based on a sphere.

I think that should cover everything. I'm not sure how to deal with the different sizing units, but I'm sure you'll come up with something good. I’m not using any special libraries, so you don’t need to worry about those.

[Assistant]
buttonmaker_01_ligne.scad:
```
ligne=32; // [14:72]
thickness=3; // [2:5]
liptype=0; // [0:flat, 1:pipe]
lipsize=2; // [0:5]
holecount=4; // [2,4]
holespacing=6; // [3:8]
flatness=-1; // [-1:concave, 0:flat, 1:convex]

difference(){
	union(){
		cylinder(d=ligne/40*25.7,h=thickness,center=true,$fn=64);
		if(flatness==1){
		translate([0,0,thickness/2]) scale([1,1,1/ligne*thickness*3]) sphere(d=ligne/40*25.7-lipsize*2,$fn=64);
		}
	}
	for(i=[1:holecount]){
		rotate([0,0,360/holecount*i]) translate([holespacing/2,0,0]) cylinder(d=2,h=thickness+2*3,$fn=32,center=true);
	}
	if(flatness==-1){
	translate([0,0,thickness/2]) scale([1,1,1/ligne*thickness*3]) sphere(d=ligne/40*25.7-lipsize*2,$fn=64);
	}
}
if(lipsize && liptype==1){
			translate([0,0,thickness/2]) rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=64)
			translate([ligne/40*25.7/2-lipsize/2, 0, 0])
			circle(d = lipsize, $fn=64);
		}
```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a support structure for printed medals, specifically those with raised details on one side like the Maya or Aztec style medals I've seen. I'd like to be able to customize the support based on the medal's size and a few other parameters.

Here's what I'm looking for:

*   **Medal Size:** The design needs to adapt to different medal diameters and edge thicknesses. So, I need parameters for `medal_diameter` (the actual diameter of the medal as measured or reported by the slicer), and `medal_edge` (the thickness of the medal's edge).
*   **Support Base:** The support structure needs a base that sits below the medal. I need parameters to control its `support_base` height (how tall the base is).
*   **Base Wall Incline:** I'd also like a parameter, `support_wall`, that controls the incline of the base's edge in the XY plane, sort of like a bevel around the base's perimeter.

The support should be symmetrical, with two arms, or pillars that are curved to grip the sides of the medal, preventing it from sliding or falling over, and a supportive base under the medal, all of it connected together.

Could you create an OpenSCAD file (or multiple if necessary), that implements these features as parameters that can be set in the customizer? I'm not using any external libraries at this time, but might in the future.

I've got a link to a few examples of the kind of medals I'm talking about. They are:
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1714799
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1720723

I'm hoping that they help show what kind of bumps and stuff the support will need to be designed for.

[Assistant]
medal_support_maya_style.scad:
```
$fa=0.5;
$fs=0.4;

/* [Global] */

// Medal diameter (mm) as slicer shows (printed diameter may be slightly different than model diameter)
medal_diameter=106.6;
// Medal edge thickness (mm)
medal_edge=5;
// Support base height (mm)
suport_base=4;
//Support base edge incline (mm)
suport_wall=2;

/* [Hidden] */
medal_radius=medal_diameter*0.5;

module model_medal(medal_r,medal_e)
{
	cylinder(r=medal_r,h=medal_e);
}

module support_figure(medal_r,medal_e)
{
	translate([0,-medal_e*0.5,0]) hull()
	{
		translate([-medal_r*0.15*0.5,-medal_e*0.5,0]) cube([medal_r*0.15,medal_e,0.05]);
		translate([-medal_r*0.1*0.5,-medal_e*0.7*0.5,medal_r*0.15-0.05]) cube([medal_r*0.1,medal_e*0.7,0.05]);
	}
	translate([0,medal_e*0.5,0]) hull()
	{
		translate([-medal_r*0.15*0.5,-medal_e*0.5,0]) cube([medal_r*0.15,medal_e,0.05]);
		translate([-medal_r*0.1*0.5,-medal_e*0.7*0.5,medal_r*0.15-0.05]) cube([medal_r*0.1,medal_e*0.7,0.05]);
	}
}

module medal_support_base(medal_r,medal_e,base,wall)
{
	adh_r=min(5,medal_e);
	translate([-medal_r*0.75,-medal_e*1.5,0]) cube([medal_r*1.5,medal_e*3,base*0.25]);
	translate([-medal_r*0.75+wall*0.25,-medal_e*1.5+wall*0.25,base*0.25]) cube([medal_r*1.5-wall*0.5,medal_e*3-wall*0.5,base*0.25]);
	translate([-medal_r*0.75+wall*0.5,-medal_e*1.5+wall*0.5,base*0.5]) cube([medal_r*1.5-wall,medal_e*3-wall,base*0.25]);
	translate([-medal_r*0.75+wall*0.75,-medal_e*1.5+wall*0.75,base*0.75]) cube([medal_r*1.5-wall*1.5,medal_e*3-wall*1.5,base*0.25]);
	// ladders
	hull()
	{
		translate([-medal_r*0.75-wall,-medal_e*0.5,0]) cube([medal_r*1.5+wall*2,medal_e,0.05]);
		translate([-medal_r*0.75+wall*0.65,-medal_e*0.5,base-0.05]) cube([medal_r*1.5-wall*1.3,medal_e,0.05]);
	}
	translate([0,-medal_e*0.5,0]) hull()
	{
		translate([-medal_r*0.75-wall-0.2,0,0]) cube([medal_r*1.5+wall*2+0.4,medal_e*0.125,0.05]);
		translate([-medal_r*0.75+wall*0.65-0.2,0,base-0.05]) cube([medal_r*1.5-wall*1.3+0.4,medal_e*0.125,0.05]);
	}
	translate([0,medal_e*(0.50-0.125)]) hull()
	{
		translate([-medal_r*0.75-wall-0.4,0,0]) cube([medal_r*1.5+wall*2+0.8,medal_e*0.125,0.05]);
		translate([-medal_r*0.75+wall*0.65-0.4,0,base-0.05]) cube([medal_r*1.5-wall*1.3+0.8,medal_e*0.125,0.05]);
	}
	// improve corners adhesion against bending
	translate([-medal_r*0.75,-medal_e*1.5,0]) cylinder(r=adh_r,h=0.4);
	translate([medal_r*0.75,-medal_e*1.5,0]) cylinder(r=adh_r,h=0.4);
	translate([-medal_r*0.75,medal_e*1.5,0]) cylinder(r=adh_r,h=0.4);
	translate([medal_r*0.75,medal_e*1.5,0]) cylinder(r=adh_r,h=0.4);
}

module medal_support()
{
	medal_support_base(medal_radius,medal_edge,suport_base,suport_wall);
	translate([-medal_radius*0.53,0,suport_base]) support_figure(medal_radius,medal_edge);
	translate([medal_radius*0.53,0,suport_base]) support_figure(medal_radius,medal_edge);
}

color([0.7,0,0]) difference()
{
	medal_support();
	translate([0,-medal_edge*0.5,medal_radius+suport_base-1.05]) rotate([-90,0,0]) model_medal(medal_radius,medal_edge);
}

//translate([0,-medal_edge*0.5,medal_radius+suport_base-1]) rotate([-90,0,0]) color([1,1,0]) model_medal(medal_radius,medal_edge);

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a parametric bearing generator in OpenSCAD. I've seen some stuff out there but I want to be able to control pretty much everything, and I don't want to rely on any pre-existing libraries other than standard OpenSCAD modules and operators.

The basic idea is to generate a bearing with an outer ring, an inner ring, and ball bearings (or placeholders). Here are the parameters I want to control:

*   **Outer Diameter:** The overall diameter of the outer ring.
*   **Inner Diameter:** The diameter of the hole in the inner ring.
*   **Outer Ring Thickness:** The radial thickness of the outer ring.
*   **Inner Ring Thickness:** The radial thickness of the inner ring.
*   **Height:** The height/thickness of the bearing.
*   **Ball Engage Amount:** How deep the races are cut into the rings.
*   **Ball Count:** The number of ball bearings in the bearing.
*   **Ball Tolerance:** The clearance between the balls and the races.
*   **Generate Placeholders:** A boolean to switch between generating actual ball bearings or just placeholder geometry.
*   **Fillet Outer Ring:** A boolean to turn on/off a fillet on the outer edges of the outer ring.
*   **Fillet Inner Ring:** A boolean to turn on/off a fillet on the outer edges of the inner ring.
*   **Fillet Amount:** The size/radius of the fillets.
*   **Facets Rings:** The number of facets for the cylindrical rings
*   **Facets Balls:** The number of facets for the ball bearings
*   **Facets Races:** The number of facets for the races cut into the rings.

The basic geometry is that the outer ring is a cylinder with the given outer diameter and height, and a concentric cylindrical hole of `outerDiameter - outerRingThickness`. The inner ring is a cylinder with a diameter of `innerDiameter + innerRingThickness` and a concentric hole of the `innerDiameter`.

The races are made by taking a cross-section circle of the ball and translating it by a calculated radius, then rotating that. The ball's diameter is calculated by using the difference between the inner radius of the outer ring and the outer radius of the inner ring, plus the `ballEngageAmount`. The balls themselves are just spheres placed appropriately.

For the fillets I was thinking something like a hollow cone, but I'm open to other ideas.

I need two modes - one with the balls and one with just placeholder rings. Let me know if you need any clarification. Thanks!

[Assistant]
BearingGenerator_v.1.0.scad:
```
/*
 * Bearing generator v1.0
 *
 * http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1729699
 *
 * By: Maxstupo
 */

// (The outer diameter for the outer ring, in mm):
outerDiameter = 22;

// (The inner diameter for the inner ring, in mm):
innerDiameter = 8;

// (The thickness of the outer ring, in mm):
outerRingThickness = 5;

// (The thickness of the inner ring, in mm):
innerRingThickness = 4;

// (The height of the bearing, in mm):
height = 7;

// (How deep the races carved into the rings, in mm):
ballEngageAmount = 1.5;

// (The number of ball bearings):
ballCount = 8;

// (The space between the balls and the races, in mm):
ballTolerance = 0.5;

// (If true no ball bearings will be generated):
genPlaceHolder = false; // [true,false]

// (If true the outer ring will have a fillet):
filletOuterRing = true; // [true,false]

// (If true the inner ring will have a fillet):
filletInnerRing = false; // [true,false]

// (The amount to fillet):
filletAmount = 1; // [0:0.1:2]

/* [Misc] */
facetsRings = 25; // [20:100]
facetsBalls = 25; // [20:100]
facetsRaces = 25; // [20:100]

ballDiameter = ((outerDiameter - outerRingThickness) - (innerDiameter + innerRingThickness)) / 2 + ballEngageAmount;

module hollowCone(dia1,dia2,height,thickness=1,fn=50) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(d=dia1,d2=dia2,h=height,$fn=fn);
        cylinder(d=dia1-thickness,d2=dia2-thickness,h=height,$fn=fn);
    }
}

if(genPlaceHolder) {

   difference() {
       cylinder(h=height,d=outerDiameter,$fn=facetsRings,center=true);
       cylinder(h=height,d=innerDiameter,$fn=facetsRings,center=true);

       if (filletOuterRing) {
           fHeight=height/2;
           // Fillet top of outer ring.
           translate([0,0,fHeight / 2]) hollowCone(outerDiameter+2,outerDiameter-2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);

           // Fillet bottom of outer ring.
           translate([0,0,-fHeight - fHeight/2]) hollowCone(outerDiameter-2,outerDiameter+2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);
       }

        if (filletInnerRing) {
            fHeight=height/2;

            // Fillet top inner of inner ring.
            translate([0,0, fHeight/2]) hollowCone(innerDiameter +filletAmount-2,innerDiameter+filletAmount+2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);

            // Fillet bottom inner of inner ring.
            translate([0,0,-fHeight - fHeight/2]) hollowCone(innerDiameter +filletAmount+2,innerDiameter+filletAmount-2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);
        }
   }
} else{

    union() {
        difference() {

            // Create two rings.
            union() {
                // Create outer ring.
                difference() {
                    color("green") cylinder(h=height , d=outerDiameter, $fn=facetsRings, center=true);
                    cylinder(h=height, d=outerDiameter - outerRingThickness, $fn=facetsRings, center=true);

                    if (filletOuterRing) {
                        fHeight=height/2;
                        // Fillet top of outer ring.
                      translate([0,0,fHeight / 2]) hollowCone(outerDiameter+2,outerDiameter-2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);

                        // Fillet top inner of outer ring.
                       translate([0,0, fHeight/2]) hollowCone(outerDiameter +filletAmount- outerRingThickness-2,outerDiameter+filletAmount- outerRingThickness+2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);

                        // Fillet bottom of outer ring.
                        translate([0,0,-fHeight - fHeight/2]) hollowCone(outerDiameter-2,outerDiameter+2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);

                        // Fillet bottom inner of outer ring.
                        translate([0,0,-fHeight - fHeight/2]) hollowCone(outerDiameter +filletAmount- outerRingThickness+2,outerDiameter+filletAmount- outerRingThickness-2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);
                    }
                }

                // Create inner ring.
                difference() {
                    color("green") cylinder(h=height , d=innerDiameter + innerRingThickness, $fn=facetsRings, center=true);
                    cylinder(h=height, d = innerDiameter, $fn=facetsRings, center=true);

                    if (filletInnerRing) {
                        fHeight=height/2;
                        // Fillet top of inner ring.
                        translate([0,0,fHeight / 2]) hollowCone(innerDiameter+innerRingThickness+2,innerDiameter+innerRingThickness-2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);

                        // Fillet top inner of inner ring.
                        translate([0,0, fHeight/2]) hollowCone(innerDiameter +filletAmount-2,innerDiameter+filletAmount+2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);

                        // Fillet bottom of inner ring.
                        translate([0,0,-fHeight - fHeight/2]) hollowCone(innerDiameter+innerRingThickness-2,innerDiameter+innerRingThickness+2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);

                        // Fillet bottom inner of inner ring.
                        translate([0,0,-fHeight - fHeight/2]) hollowCone(innerDiameter +filletAmount+2,innerDiameter+filletAmount-2,fHeight,filletAmount,facetsRings);
                    }
                }

            }

                // Create the inner and outer races for the balls to roll in.
                rotate_extrude(convexity=10, $fn=facetsRaces)
                translate([(ballDiameter / 2 + (innerDiameter + (innerRingThickness)) / 2) - ballEngageAmount / 2, 0, 0])
                circle(d=ballDiameter + ballTolerance, $fn=facetsRaces);

        }

        /* -------------- CREATE BALL BEARINGS --------------- */
        for (i = [0 : (360 / ballCount) : 360]) {
            distance = (ballDiameter / 2 + (innerDiameter + (innerRingThickness)) / 2) - ballEngageAmount / 2;

            x = distance * cos(i);
            y = distance * sin(i);

            color("red") translate([x, y, 0]) sphere(d=ballDiameter, $fn=facetsBalls, center=true);
        }

    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a customizable vase using OpenSCAD. I saw one that looks pretty cool, but I'd like to generate one from scratch, fully parametric, so I can tweak it exactly how I want.

Here's what I'm imagining, kind of based on the example I saw:

**General Shape & Dimensions:**

*   **Base:** It should start with a circular base. I need to be able to control the outer radius of this base, and I'd like to specify the vase's overall height.
*   **Sides:** The main body of the vase should be made up of a set number of flat sides, like a polygon with a customizable number of sides - a "n-gon" cylinder.
*   **Thickness:** The wall thickness should be adjustable, so I can create a vase with varying wall thicknesses.
*   **Top Distortion:** I want the top to be able to be smaller or larger than the base by some scale factor, like a flare or an inverted flare.
*  **Twist:** I want the *option* to twist the vase, so that the top is rotated relative to the base. I'd like to control the degree of this twist, and the number of slices that make up the twist for a smoother transition. If not twisted, the top should just be scaled.
*   **Solid/Hollow:** Crucially, I need to be able to choose whether the vase is solid or hollow; I want to be able to use "vase mode" in my slicer.
*   **Top and Bottom:** The bottom of the vase will be flat (and a bit thicker), and the top should also have a small straight section, so it does not end on the edge of the twist or flare. These should be parameterizable for height.

**Optional Perforations (Holes):**

*   **Holes:** I want the *option* to add holes to the sides of the vase.
*   **Hole Placement:** These holes need to be evenly spaced around the circumference, at varying heights; I should be able to control the distance from the base to the lowest holes, and the distance from the top straight section to the highest holes.
*   **Hole Size & Shape:** I want to adjust the radius of the holes. I'd like to specify how many sides each hole should have, to control how circular or how many sided the hole is.
*  **Hole Rows:** There should be a way to control how many rows of holes are present (and therefore, the height at which the holes are placed), and the vertical distance between the rows. This should be calculated in a way that the holes are evenly spaced vertically and fit on the vase.

**Parameters Summary:**

*   `filling`: "yes" or "no" for solid or hollow.
*   `radius`: Outer radius of the base (mm).
*   `height`: Total height of the vase (mm).
*   `sides`: Number of sides for the vase's polygon shape.
*   `thickness`: Thickness of the vase walls (mm).
*   `degree_twist`: Angle of twist from base to top (degrees), if enabled.
*   `number_slices`: Number of segments in the twist, if twisted.
*   `distortion`: Scale factor for the top relative to the base.
*   `buttom`: Thickness of the bottom section (mm)
*   `top`: Height of the straight top section (mm)
*   `twisting`: "yes" or "no" for twist.
*  `perforating`: "yes" or "no" for holes
*   `lower`: Distance from the bottom to the lowest holes (mm).
*   `upper`: Distance from the top to the highest holes (mm)
*   `hole_radius`: Radius of the holes (mm).
*   `number_of_holes`: Number of holes in one horizontal layer.
*   `sides_holes`: Number of sides for the holes.
*  `row_distance`: Distance between hole rows.

I am not using any specific libraries at the moment.

Could you help me generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I'm excited to see how it turns out!

[Assistant]
vase_20160822.scad:
```
//General Parameters Basic

//Do you want your vase to be solid (for use of slicer vase mode)
filling = "no"; //[yes,no]
//Outer Radius of the Base in mm
radius = 50; //[10:300]
//Total Height of the Vase in mm
height = 150; //[30:600]
//number of sides that make up the outside (bigger then 3)
sides = 13; //
//Thickness of the Vase
thickness = 2; //[1:50]
//Degrees the top is twistes in realation to the base
degree_twist = 90; //[0:360]
//If twisted, of how many slices shall the vase consist
number_slices = 3; //[0:100]
//Factor of how much smaller/biller the top is in realation to the base
distortion = 1.9; // [0.1:5]
//How thick the buttom will be in mm
buttom = 3;
//how tall straight top part is in mm
top = 10;
//Do you want to have a twistes Vase?
twisting = "yes"; // [yes,no]
//Do you want to have holes in the side of your Vase?
perforating = "no"; // [yes,no]

//Parameters for Holes
//Distance from the buttom to lowest Hole in mm
lower = 5; //[0:600]
//Distance from the tro straight part to highest hole in mm
upper = 5;  //[0:600
//Radius of the Holes
hole_radius = 3; //[0.5:30]
//How many holes shall there be in one plane (is a multiple of 2)
number_of_holes = 13; //[1:50]
//How many Sides shall the Holes have (Bigger number == cicles)
sides_holes = 8; //[3:100]
// Distance between Holes in mm
row_distance = 1;

//General Calculated Values
inner_radius = radius - thickness;
extrude_height = height - buttom - top;

//Hole Calculations
degree_holes  =360/number_of_holes;
row_height=row_distance+(2*hole_radius);
free_edge = height - lower - upper;
rest = free_edge % (row_height);
height_holes= free_edge - rest; //Height that can b used for holes
number_of_rows = height_holes/row_height-1;

hole_start = buttom+lower+hole_radius;

module Rim(solid){
difference(){
    circle(r=radius, $fn=sides);
    if(solid=="no"){
        circle(r=inner_radius, $fn = sides);
        }
    }
}

module extruded(rot){
    //Boden
    linear_extrude(height = buttom)Rim(solid="yes");

    if(rot=="yes"){
    //Oben
    translate([0,0,buttom+extrude_height])
    scale(v=[distortion,distortion,1])
    rotate([0,0,-degree_twist])
    linear_extrude(height = top)Rim(solid="no");

    //Rand
    translate([0,0,buttom])
    linear_extrude(height = extrude_height, twist=degree_twist, slices = number_slices, scale = distortion) Rim(solid="no");
    }

    if(rot=="no"){
        //Oben
    translate([0,0,buttom+extrude_height])
    scale(v=[distortion,distortion,1])
    linear_extrude(height = top)Rim(solid="no");

    //Rand
    translate([0,0,buttom])
    linear_extrude(height = extrude_height, scale = distortion) Rim(solid="no");
        }
    }

module extruded_filled(rot){
    //Boden
    linear_extrude(height = buttom)Rim(solid="yes");

    if(rot=="yes"){
    //Oben
    translate([0,0,buttom+extrude_height])
    scale(v=[distortion,distortion,1])
    rotate([0,0,-degree_twist])
    linear_extrude(height = top)Rim(solid="yes");

    //Rand
    translate([0,0,buttom])
    linear_extrude(height = extrude_height, twist=degree_twist, slices = number_slices, scale = distortion) Rim(solid="yes");
    }

    if(rot=="no"){
        //Oben
    translate([0,0,buttom+extrude_height])
    scale(v=[distortion,distortion,1])
    linear_extrude(height = top)Rim(solid="yes");

    //Rand
    translate([0,0,buttom])
    linear_extrude(height = extrude_height, scale = distortion) Rim(solid="yes");
        }
    }

module holes(){
    translate([0,0,hole_start])
     for(row = [0:1:number_of_rows])
        translate([0,0,(row*row_height)])
        for(degree = [0 : degree_holes : 360])
            rotate([90,0,degree])
            cylinder(h=radius*5,r=hole_radius,center=true,
            $fn = sides_holes);
}

module cup(twisted,perforated){
    if(perforated=="yes"){
        if(twisted=="yes"){
            difference(){
            extruded(rot="yes");
            holes();
            }
        }
        if(twisted=="no"){
            difference(){
            extruded(rot="no");
            holes();
            }
        }}

    if(perforated=="no"){
        if(twisted=="yes") extruded(rot="yes");
        if(twisted=="no")  extruded(rot="no");
    }
}

module cup_filled(twisted,perforated){
    if(perforated=="yes"){
        if(twisted=="yes"){
            difference(){
            extruded_filled(rot="yes");
            holes();
            }
        }
        if(twisted=="no"){
            difference(){
            extruded_filled(rot="no");
            holes();
            }
        }}

    if(perforated=="no"){
        if(twisted=="yes") extruded_filled(rot="yes");
        if(twisted=="no")  extruded_filled(rot="no");
    }
}

if(filling=="no"){
cup(twisted=twisting,perforated=perforating);}
if(filling=="yes"){
cup_filled(twisted=twisting,perforated=perforating);}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a set of parametric measuring cups using OpenSCAD, similar to the "Yet Another Parametric Measuring Cups" design I saw. I want the cups to be customizable in terms of volume, units (cl, ml, oz, and a radius in mm), shape, and also have a form factor to allow for creating series.

Specifically, I need the following:

*   **Volume:** The user should be able to specify the cup's volume numerically.
*   **Units:** The user should be able to choose between "cl", "ml", "oz", and "mm" for the volume measurement. When "mm" is selected the numeric value is the radius of a hemisphere, otherwise it's a standard volumetric measurement.
*   **Shape:** The user should be able to select from four different shapes:
    *   Shape 1: A basic cylindrical cup with a standard handle.
    *   Shape 2: A cylindrical cup with the handle placed at the bottom.
    *   Shape 3: A cup with a rounded base, sort of like a half-sphere, with a standard handle.
    *   Shape 4: A cup with a rounded base and a half-handle extending from the side.
*   **Form Factor:** A numeric value to scale the handle dimensions and spacing for generating cup series, it should default to 1.
*   **Handle Text:** The cup's volume and unit should be printed on the handle, with the text size adjusting relative to the overall cup size. The text should be readable in the model.
*   **Calculations:** The design should calculate the radius of a hemisphere, given the requested volume.
*   **No external libraries:** I'd like this done using only OpenSCAD built-in features, not external libraries like MCAD or BOSL.

I've included a sample of the original code, which I'd like to be replaced completely with your implementation.
```
/*
 Yet Another Parametric Measuring Cups
 on http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1732223
 by fpetrac
 Licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution - Non-Commercial license.
*/

/*
////  the main funcion is
////  yamc(size,unit,shape,form_factor=1) were:

////    unit="cl","ml","oz","mm" (mm is used to set the radius of semispere);
////    shape=1,2,3,4 (4 different shape);
////    form_factor= is an optional value normally is 1. It is used to realize cup series.

////    See also the examples at the end of file.
*/

//$fn=64;

//start Customizer APP frontend

//cups volume
size=15; //[1:1000]
//volume measurement unit:
unit="ml"; //[cl,ml,oz,mm]
//cups shape
shape=4; //[1:Up,2:Down,3:Sphere,4:HalfHandle]
//form factor 1 is the default It is used to realize cup series:
form_factor=1; //[1.0,1.25,1.55,1.75,2.0]

yamc(size,unit,shape,form_factor);

//End Customizer APP frontend

function mm2mm(mm) = pow(10,(1/3*(log(mm)-log(PI*2/3))));  //return semisphere radius in mm from mm^3 volume
function ml2mm(ml) = pow(10,(1/3*(log(1000*ml)-log(PI*2/3))));//return semisphere radius in mm  from ml volume
function cl2mm(cl) = pow(10,(1/3*(log(10000*cl)-log(PI*2/3))));//return semisphere radius in mm from cl volume
function oz2mm(oz) = pow(10,(1/3*(log(29573.5295625*oz)-log(PI*2/3))));//return semisphere radius in mm from oz volume

function ml2M(ml) = ml2mm(ml)/24;
function cl2M(cl) = cl2mm(cl)/24;
function oz2M(oz) = oz2mm(oz)/24;

module handle1t(x,h,p=1,u="cl",f=1){
m= u=="cl" ? cl2M(x) : u=="ml" ? ml2M(x) : u=="oz" ? oz2M(x) : u=="mm" ? x/24 : 0 ;
fsize= x>999 ? m*10 : x>99 ? m*11 : x>9 ? m*14 : m*15;
translate([0,0,h*m]){
    difference(){
        minkowski(){
            hull() {
                translate([78*m*f,0,0]) cylinder(1*m,15*m,15*m);
                cylinder(1*m,24*m*p,24*m*p);
            }
            sphere(1*m,true);
        }
        //normal words
        union(){
            translate([78*m*f,0,-5*m]) cylinder(10*m,7*m,7*m);
            translate([68*m*f,7*m,0.01*m])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 2*m, center = false)
                    if(u!="mm") text(str(x,u),size=fsize,font = "Arial:style=Bold ",halign ="right");
        }
        /*//through words
      union(){
            translate([78*m*f,0,-5*m]) cylinder(10*m,7*m,7*m);
            translate([68*m*f,7*m,3*m])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 6*m, center = false)
                    if(u!="mm") text(str(x,u),size=fsize,font = "Bauhaus93",halign ="right");
        }*/
    }
}
}

module handle2t(x,h,p=1,u="cl",f=1){
m= u=="cl" ? cl2M(x) : u=="ml" ? ml2M(x) : u=="oz" ? oz2M(x) : u=="mm" ? x/24 : 0 ;
fsize= x>999 ? m*8 : x>99 ? m*9 : x>9 ? m*11 : m*12;
translate([0,0,h*m])
   difference(){
            translate([0,0,0])
                minkowski(){
                    difference(){
                        hull() {
                            translate([78*m*f,0,0]) cylinder(1*m,15*m,15*m);
                            cylinder(1*m,24*m,24*m);
                        }
                        difference(){
                            translate([0*m,0,-2*m]) cube([78*m*f,35*m,4*m]);
                            union(){
                                translate([78*m*f,0,-3*m]) cylinder(6*m,15*m,15*m);
                                translate([0,0,-3*m])cylinder(6*m,24*m,24*m);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                sphere(1*m,true);
                }
               union(){
            translate([78*m*f,0,-3*m]) cylinder(6*m,7*m,7*m);
            translate([60*m*f,-2*m,0.01*m])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 2*m, center = false)
                    if(u!="mm")text(str(x,u),size=fsize,font = "Arial:style=Bold ",halign ="right");
               }
        }
    /*translate([60*m,-2*m,0.5*m])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 2*m, center = false)
                    text(str(x,u),size=m*10,font = "Arial:style=Bold ",halign ="right");*/

}

module yamc(x,u,shape,f=1){
m= u=="cl" ? cl2M(x) : u=="ml" ? ml2M(x) : u=="oz" ? oz2M(x) : u=="mm" ? x/24 : 0 ;
    if(shape==1){
        difference(){
            minkowski(){
                cylinder(24*m,24*m,20*m);
                sphere(1*m,true);
            }
            sphere(24*m);
        }
        handle1t(x,25,20/24,u,f);
    } else
    if(shape==2){
        difference(){
            union(){
                minkowski(){
                    cylinder(24*m,24*m,20*m);
                    sphere(1*m,true);
                }
                handle1t(x,0,1,u,f);
            }
            sphere(24*m);
        }
   } else
   if(shape==3){
        difference(){
            union(){
                minkowski(){
                    difference(){
                        sphere(24*m);
                        translate([0,0,-25*m]) cylinder(50*m,50*m,50*m,true);
                    }
                    sphere(1*m,true);
                }
                handle1t(x,0,1,u,f);
            }
            sphere(24*m);
        }
    }
    if(shape==4){
        difference(){
            union(){
                minkowski(){
                    difference(){
                        sphere(24*m);
                        translate([0,0,-25*m]) cylinder(50*m,50*m,50*m,true);
                    }
                    sphere(1*m,true);
                }
                handle2t(x,0,1,u,f);
            }
            sphere(24*m);
        }
    }
}

//------Example------
//yamc(2,"oz",1);
//yamc(5,"cl",2);
//yamc(10,"mm",3);
//yamc(15,"ml",4);

//Differnet Shape and unit
/*
r=8;
translate([0,0,0]) yamc(20,"cl",4);
translate([5*r,10*r,0]) yamc(2,"oz",3);
translate([9*r,18*r,0]) yamc(15,"ml",2);
translate([12*r,24*r,0]) yamc(20,"mm",1);
*/

// Normal Series
/*
t=4;
r=7;
u="cl";
translate([0,0,0]) yamc(8,u,t);
translate([0,10*r,0]) yamc(4,u,t);
translate([0,18*r,0]) yamc(2,u,t);
translate([0,25*r,0]) yamc(1,u,t);
*/

// Stakable Series
/*
t=4;
r=7;
u="cl";
translate([0,0,0])    yamc(7,u,t,1);
translate([0,10*r,0]) yamc(4,u,t,1.25);
translate([0,18*r,0]) yamc(2,u,t,1.55);
translate([0,25*r,0]) yamc(1,u,t,1.9);
*/

// Generator Normal Series
/*
t=4;
r=7;
u="ml";
translate([0,0,0])    yamc(30,u,t);
translate([0,9*r,0]) yamc(60,u,t);
translate([0,19.5*r,0]) yamc(80,u,t);
translate([0,31*r,0]) yamc(125,u,t);
translate([0,45*r,0]) yamc(250,u,t);
*/

```
Could you please generate the code for this?

[Assistant]
yamc.03.03.scad:
```
/*
 Yet Another Parametric Measuring Cups
 on http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1732223
 by fpetrac
 Licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution - Non-Commercial license.
*/

/*
////  the main funcion is
////  yamc(size,unit,shape,form_factor=1) were:

////    unit="cl","ml","oz","mm" (mm is used to set the radius of semispere);
////    shape=1,2,3,4 (4 different shape);
////    form_factor= is an optional value normally is 1. It is used to realize cup series.

////    See also the examples at the end of file.
*/

//$fn=64;

//start Customizer APP frontend

//cups volume
size=15; //[1:1000]
//volume measurement unit:
unit="ml"; //[cl,ml,oz,mm]
//cups shape
shape=4; //[1:Up,2:Down,3:Sphere,4:HalfHandle]
//form factor 1 is the default It is used to realize cup series:
form_factor=1; //[1.0,1.25,1.55,1.75,2.0]

yamc(size,unit,shape,form_factor);

//End Customizer APP frontend

function mm2mm(mm) = pow(10,(1/3*(log(mm)-log(PI*2/3))));  //return semisphere radius in mm from mm^3 volume
function ml2mm(ml) = pow(10,(1/3*(log(1000*ml)-log(PI*2/3))));//return semisphere radius in mm  from ml volume
function cl2mm(cl) = pow(10,(1/3*(log(10000*cl)-log(PI*2/3))));//return semisphere radius in mm from cl volume
function oz2mm(oz) = pow(10,(1/3*(log(29573.5295625*oz)-log(PI*2/3))));//return semisphere radius in mm from oz volume

function ml2M(ml) = ml2mm(ml)/24;
function cl2M(cl) = cl2mm(cl)/24;
function oz2M(oz) = oz2mm(oz)/24;

module handle1t(x,h,p=1,u="cl",f=1){
m= u=="cl" ? cl2M(x) : u=="ml" ? ml2M(x) : u=="oz" ? oz2M(x) : u=="mm" ? x/24 : 0 ;
fsize= x>999 ? m*10 : x>99 ? m*11 : x>9 ? m*14 : m*15;
translate([0,0,h*m]){
    difference(){
        minkowski(){
            hull() {
                translate([78*m*f,0,0]) cylinder(1*m,15*m,15*m);
                cylinder(1*m,24*m*p,24*m*p);
            }
            sphere(1*m,true);
        }
        //normal words
        union(){
            translate([78*m*f,0,-5*m]) cylinder(10*m,7*m,7*m);
            translate([68*m*f,7*m,0.01*m])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 2*m, center = false)
                    if(u!="mm") text(str(x,u),size=fsize,font = "Arial:style=Bold ",halign ="right");
        }
        /*//through words
      union(){
            translate([78*m*f,0,-5*m]) cylinder(10*m,7*m,7*m);
            translate([68*m*f,7*m,3*m])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 6*m, center = false)
                    if(u!="mm") text(str(x,u),size=fsize,font = "Bauhaus93",halign ="right");
        }*/
    }
}
}

module handle2t(x,h,p=1,u="cl",f=1){
m= u=="cl" ? cl2M(x) : u=="ml" ? ml2M(x) : u=="oz" ? oz2M(x) : u=="mm" ? x/24 : 0 ;
fsize= x>999 ? m*8 : x>99 ? m*9 : x>9 ? m*11 : m*12;
translate([0,0,h*m])
   difference(){
            translate([0,0,0])
                minkowski(){
                    difference(){
                        hull() {
                            translate([78*m*f,0,0]) cylinder(1*m,15*m,15*m);
                            cylinder(1*m,24*m,24*m);
                        }
                        difference(){
                            translate([0*m,0,-2*m]) cube([78*m*f,35*m,4*m]);
                            union(){
                                translate([78*m*f,0,-3*m]) cylinder(6*m,15*m,15*m);
                                translate([0,0,-3*m])cylinder(6*m,24*m,24*m);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                sphere(1*m,true);
                }
               union(){
            translate([78*m*f,0,-3*m]) cylinder(6*m,7*m,7*m);
            translate([60*m*f,-2*m,0.01*m])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 2*m, center = false)
                    if(u!="mm")text(str(x,u),size=fsize,font = "Arial:style=Bold ",halign ="right");
               }
        }
    /*translate([60*m,-2*m,0.5*m])
                rotate([180,0,0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 2*m, center = false)
                    text(str(x,u),size=m*10,font = "Arial:style=Bold ",halign ="right");*/

}

module yamc(x,u,shape,f=1){
m= u=="cl" ? cl2M(x) : u=="ml" ? ml2M(x) : u=="oz" ? oz2M(x) : u=="mm" ? x/24 : 0 ;
    if(shape==1){
        difference(){
            minkowski(){
                cylinder(24*m,24*m,20*m);
                sphere(1*m,true);
            }
            sphere(24*m);
        }
        handle1t(x,25,20/24,u,f);
    } else
    if(shape==2){
        difference(){
            union(){
                minkowski(){
                    cylinder(24*m,24*m,20*m);
                    sphere(1*m,true);
                }
                handle1t(x,0,1,u,f);
            }
            sphere(24*m);
        }
   } else
   if(shape==3){
        difference(){
            union(){
                minkowski(){
                    difference(){
                        sphere(24*m);
                        translate([0,0,-25*m]) cylinder(50*m,50*m,50*m,true);
                    }
                    sphere(1*m,true);
                }
                handle1t(x,0,1,u,f);
            }
            sphere(24*m);
        }
    }
    if(shape==4){
        difference(){
            union(){
                minkowski(){
                    difference(){
                        sphere(24*m);
                        translate([0,0,-25*m]) cylinder(50*m,50*m,50*m,true);
                    }
                    sphere(1*m,true);
                }
                handle2t(x,0,1,u,f);
            }
            sphere(24*m);
        }
    }
}

//------Example------
//yamc(2,"oz",1);
//yamc(5,"cl",2);
//yamc(10,"mm",3);
//yamc(15,"ml",4);

//Differnet Shape and unit
/*
r=8;
translate([0,0,0]) yamc(20,"cl",4);
translate([5*r,10*r,0]) yamc(2,"oz",3);
translate([9*r,18*r,0]) yamc(15,"ml",2);
translate([12*r,24*r,0]) yamc(20,"mm",1);
*/

// Normal Series
/*
t=4;
r=7;
u="cl";
translate([0,0,0]) yamc(8,u,t);
translate([0,10*r,0]) yamc(4,u,t);
translate([0,18*r,0]) yamc(2,u,t);
translate([0,25*r,0]) yamc(1,u,t);
*/

// Stakable Series
/*
t=4;
r=7;
u="cl";
translate([0,0,0])    yamc(7,u,t,1);
translate([0,10*r,0]) yamc(4,u,t,1.25);
translate([0,18*r,0]) yamc(2,u,t,1.55);
translate([0,25*r,0]) yamc(1,u,t,1.9);
*/

// Generator Normal Series
/*
t=4;
r=7;
u="ml";
translate([0,0,0])    yamc(30,u,t);
translate([0,9*r,0]) yamc(60,u,t);
translate([0,19.5*r,0]) yamc(80,u,t);
translate([0,31*r,0]) yamc(125,u,t);
translate([0,45*r,0]) yamc(250,u,t);
*/

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable chess board with hidden pegs, similar to the one I saw on Thingiverse by Heikki_Hietala but I need a version where the pegs are flush. I also want to make it parametric so I can easily adjust the size.

Here's what I'm thinking:

**Overall Structure:**

*   The board should be made up of modular squares that fit together using hidden pegs.
*   Each square should have a main body and the hidden peg feature.
*   I need to be able to adjust the overall side length of each square.
*   The thickness of the board should be adjustable.
*   I need an adjustable tolerance for the pegs to make sure they fit together well when printed.

**Specific Features:**

*   **Squares:**
    *   The square itself will be a simple cube with a defined side length and thickness.
    *   I'd like the edges of each square to have an optional raised lip or border around the edge, this should be configurable separately from the main thickness and a multiplier of main thickness
    *   I'll need the ability to vary the edge thickness of each square.
    *   I want to define how high the edge is based on a coefficient of the base thickness.
*   **Pegs:**
    *   The pegs should be hidden and integrated into the square's design so the top is flush with the top of the square.
    *   I need a peg that can be hidden via a cylindrical hole
    *   The peg should be a triangular prism.
    *   I need to define how many of these peg cut-outs there are: on corners only, on edges, and on centers.
    *   The size of the peg should be based on the board's thickness but i will need some configurability.
*   **Customization:**
    *   I need to be able to change the overall side length of the squares, the board thickness, edge thickness, edge height coefficient, and peg tolerance through customizer parameters.
    *   I'd also like a way to quickly render a test piece - just a single tile with the peg and hole - to dial in my settings.
    *   I'm also going to want different versions for corners, edges, and centers.

**OpenSCAD Requirements:**

*   I would like to use the `hull()` function to smoothly connect the peg segments.
*   I'd like it if this was designed with modularity in mind and has named variables so i can easily follow along.

I think that's everything. Could you create an OpenSCAD file or files for this? I don't need any external libraries. Let me know if anything is unclear.

[Assistant]
ChessBoard_002.scad:
```
side=30;
//thickness of the board
thick=2.2;
edge_thick=3;
//coefficient of the thickness of the board
edge_height_coef=1.5;//[1:0.1:3]

//printer tolerance (only affect "color 02" parts)
tolerance=0.2;//[0:0.05:0.7]
//definition (only affect corners)
$fn=60;
render="Test part";//[Corner color 01,Corner color 02,Edge color 01,Edge color 02,Center color 01,Center color 02,Test part]

////////
module slot() {
translate([-side/2,0,-thick/2-0.2]) rotate([0,0,180]) translate([0.2,0,0]) hull() {for(i=[-1,1]) translate([-0.5-2*tolerance/1.75,i*(0.866+2*tolerance),0]) cylinder(d=8,h=thick/2+0.5,$fn=3);}
}
module couleur01(a) {
    cube([side,side,thick],center=true);
    for(i=[0,90]) rotate([0,0,i])
    translate([-side/2,0,-thick/2]) cylinder(d=10,h=thick/2,$fn=3);
    if (a==2) {
        for(i=[0,-90]) rotate([0,0,i])
        translate([-side/2,side/2,-thick/2]) cube([side,edge_thick,edge_height_coef*thick]);
        difference() {
            translate([side/2,side/2,-thick/2]) cylinder(r=edge_thick,h=edge_height_coef*thick);
            cube([side,side,2*edge_height_coef*thick],center=true);
        }
    }
    if (a==3) {
        rotate([0,0,180])
        translate([-side/2,0,-thick/2]) cylinder(d=10,h=thick/2,$fn=3);
        translate([-side/2,side/2,-thick/2]) cube([side,edge_thick,edge_height_coef*thick]);
    }
    else if (a==4) {
        for(i=[180,-90]) rotate([0,0,i])
        translate([-side/2,0,-thick/2]) cylinder(d=10,h=thick/2,$fn=3);
    }
    else {};
}

module couleur02(a) {
    difference() {
        cube([side,side,thick],center=true);
        for(i=[0,90]) rotate([0,0,i])
        slot();
        if (a==3) {
            rotate([0,0,180]) slot();
        }
        else if (a==4) {
            for(i=[180,-90]) rotate([0,0,i]) slot();
        }
        else {};
    }
    if (a==2) {
        for(i=[0,-90]) rotate([0,0,i])
        translate([-side/2,side/2,-thick/2]) cube([side,edge_thick,edge_height_coef*thick]);
        difference() {
            translate([side/2,side/2,-thick/2]) cylinder(r=edge_thick,h=edge_height_coef*thick);
            cube([side,side,2*edge_height_coef*thick],center=true);
        }
    }
    if (a==3) {
        translate([-side/2,side/2,-thick/2]) cube([side,edge_thick,edge_height_coef*thick]);
    }
}

if (render=="Corner color 01") {
    couleur01(2);
}
else if (render=="Corner color 02") {
    couleur02(2);
}
else if (render=="Edge color 01") {
    couleur01(3);
}
else if (render=="Edge color 02") {
    couleur02(3);
}
else if (render=="Center color 01") {
    couleur01(4);
}
else if (render=="Center color 02") {
    couleur02(4);
}
else if (render=="Test part") {
    rotate([0,0,180]) translate([-1.5,0,0]) difference() {
        translate([-7.5,0,0]) cube([15,15,thick],center=true);
        translate([-30/2,0,-thick/2-0.2]) rotate([0,0,180]) translate([0.2,0,0]) hull() {for(i=[-1,1]) translate([-0.5-2*tolerance/1.75,i*(0.866+2*tolerance),0]) cylinder(d=8,h=thick/2+0.5,$fn=3);}
    }
    translate([-1.5,0,0]) union() {
        translate([-7.5,0,0]) cube([15,15,thick],center=true);
        translate([-30/2,0,-thick/2]) cylinder(d=10,h=thick/2,$fn=3);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a parametric design for a Nexus 5 phone case created in OpenSCAD. I've been using a modified version of a design I found online, but it's not quite what I need and it's a bit fragile.

Here's the gist of what I'm looking for:

*   **Basic Case Shape:** I'd like the core of the case to fit a Nexus 5. I'm not super familiar with the exact dimensions, so it might be easiest to start from an existing model if you can import STL or something for reference, but I want the actual code to be parametric. I'm using a design originally based off of a model created by BLed and ViniG, but I want the output to be a parametric scad file.
*   **Size Adjustment:** It needs to be easy to adjust the overall size to compensate for variations in printer accuracy. The existing design uses a `sizeAdjustment` variable. I think a single float would be fine for scaling everything, but maybe some separate parameters for each dimension would be better.
*   **Contact Information:** I'd like to have some text embossed on the back of the case: "If Found Call" and then a phone number. I want to easily change the phone number with a variable. I would also like the text size, font, and extrusion height to be configurable using variables. Maybe a placement parameter would be useful for moving this.
*   **USB Port Opening:** The opening for the USB port needs to be a bit wider than the stock opening to accommodate different USB cables and a charging port, I'd like control over the width, height, and depth of the opening as parameters.
*   **Corner Slits:** To make it easier to get the phone in and out of the case, I need slits at each of the four corners. I think the dimensions (length, width and depth) and placement angle would be parameters, and should ideally be able to have them turned on or off with a boolean variable.
*   **Speaker Holes:** There are a series of small holes for the speaker on the back of the case. I'd like to keep the same general pattern and layout, but control the hole radius, number of rows and columns, spacing, and the offset from the edge of the phone.

I think that should cover the main features, can you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files) for this? I'm not attached to any specific library, but it would be helpful if you included comments on why you chose the libraries you did if you do.

[Assistant]
nexus5case.scad:
```
//
//  Nexus5case.scad
//
//  EvilTeach
//
//  08/22/2016
//
//  A remix of a nexus 5 case with a few adjustments
//

// Make it bigger or smaller, depending on your printer characteristics
sizeAdjustment = 1.01;

// Contact Number if the phone is lost.
phoneNumber = "412-646-1054";

// Adjust the whole model size as needed
scale(sizeAdjustment)

// Orient to the largest dimension on the x axis
rotate([0, 0, 90])
{
    // Roughly center the piece
    translate([-38.5, -70, 0])
    {
        difference()
        {
            union()
            {
                // Use base model from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:425848
                //                     Thank you BLed
                //                     Thank you ViniG
                color("green")
                    import("BLedNexus5.stl");

                // Cover over the NEXUS logo
                color("green")
                    translate([33, 45, 0.0999])
                        cube([10, 60, 1.00005]);
            }

            // Incise the If Found Text
            translate([68, 100, .5])
                rotate([0, 180, 0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 1.1)
                        text("If Found Call", size = 6, font="Consolas:style=Bold");

            translate([68, 90, .5])
                rotate([0, 180, 0])
                    linear_extrude(height = 1.1)
                        text(phoneNumber, size = 6, font="Consolas:style=Bold");

            // Widen the usb hole for bigger connectors
            translate([32.9, 2, 0])
                cube([14, 3, 10]);

            // Add a slit at each corner so you can put the phone in, and take it
            // out without cracking the case.
//            translate([2, 7, 3.2])
///                rotate([0, 0, -45])
//                    cube([.5, 5, 10]);
//
//            translate([74, 6, 3.2])
//                rotate([0, 0, 45])
//                    cube([.5, 5, 10]);
//
//            translate([3, 140, 3.2])
//                rotate([0, 0, 225])
//                    cube([.5, 5, 10]);
//
//            translate([70, 137, 3.2])
//                rotate([0, 0, 315])
//                    cube([.5, 5, 10]);

            // As ViniG pointed out, speaker holes are needed.
            for (offset = [14 : 40 : 54])
            {
                for (rows = [0 : 2])
                {
                    for (cols = [0 : 5])
                    {
                        translate([offset + cols * 2, 5, rows * 2 + 5])
                            rotate([90, 0, 0])
                                cylinder(r = .5, h = 3, $fn = 90);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a pencil holder that clips onto a bed rail, and I'd like it to be customizable. I've got some measurements I've been playing with, but I want to make sure I can adjust them later.

Specifically, I need a design that will have a main clip that hooks over the bed rail, and then a little shelf area below for the pencils to sit on. I've roughly worked out how I want the clip to look with rounded corners to make it look a bit nicer. I've also got some ideas on the slot's size.

So, here are the things I'd like to be able to control in the OpenSCAD code:

*   **Bed Rail Dimensions:**
    *   `railWidth`: The width of the bed rail.
    *   `slotHeight`: The vertical height of the clip opening.
*   **Pencil Slot Dimensions:**
    *   `ledgeWidth`: How far the ledge for pencils sticks out.
    *   `ledgeHeight`: How tall the ledge is from the bottom of the clip.
    *   `slotLength`: The length of the pencil slot, how far it sticks out away from the bed.
*   **Fillets:**
    *   `innerFillet`: The radius for inside fillets around the clip that grips the bed rail.
    *   `outerFillet`: The radius for outside fillets around the clip.
*   **Other:**
    *   `units_entered`: This should control the units used for the inputs and should support inches (25.4), millimeters (1), centimeters (10), meters (1000), and feet (304.8)
    *   `desired_units_for_output`: This should control output units, in mm (1), cm (0.1), m (0.001), in (0.0393701), and ft (0.00328084).
    *    `resoultion`: The `$fn` value for cylinders to control detail on curves.
    *    `clipThickness`: The thickness of the material for the clip
    *   `includeDefaultFillets`: A boolean for including a set of default fillets.

I'd really appreciate it if you could create a parametric OpenSCAD file for this. I don't need any external libraries.

[Assistant]
pencilHolderForBed.scad:
```
//BEGIN CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES
//All starting units are in in, since I'm an american and my
//dial caliper measures in inches.
/*[Bed Rail]*/

railWidth = 0.75;

slotHeight = 1;

innerFillet = 0.125;

outerFillet = 0.125;

/*[Desired Slot]*/

ledgeWidth = 0.25;
ledgeHeight = 0.875;
slotLength = 3;
/*[Advanced Stuffs]*/

//Basically are you using american units or real units
units_entered = 25.4;//[1:mm, 10:cm, 1000:meter, 25.4:inch, 304.8:foot]
//default is mm for most printers
desired_units_for_output = 1;//[1:mm, 0.1:cm, 0.001:meter, 0.0393701:inch, 0.00328084:foot]

//higher = smoother, but takes longer to render
resoultion = 42;

//thicker = more durable but longer to make.
clipThickness = 0.0625;

includeDefaultFillets = true;
//END CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES
//turns inches to metric
scale(units_entered/desired_units_for_output){
    difference(){
        union(){
            TraceOutline();
            roundCorners(center = [innerFillet+clipThickness,innerFillet+clipThickness], topRight = true, radi = innerFillet+0.0001);
            roundCorners(center = [railWidth+clipThickness-innerFillet,clipThickness+innerFillet], topLeft = true, radi = innerFillet+0.0001);
        }
        scale([1,1,1.0001]){
            translate([0,0,-0.00001]){
                roundCorners(center = [outerFillet,outerFillet], topRight = true, radi = outerFillet+0.0001);
                roundCorners(center = [railWidth+2*clipThickness-outerFillet,outerFillet], topLeft = true, radi = outerFillet+0.0001);
            }
        }
    }
}

module TraceOutline(){
    difference(){
        union(){
            linear_extrude(slotLength){
                square(size = [railWidth+2*clipThickness,clipThickness]);
                square(size = [clipThickness,slotHeight+2*clipThickness]);
                translate([railWidth+clipThickness, 0]){
                    square(size = [clipThickness,slotHeight+2*clipThickness]);
                }
                translate([railWidth+clipThickness, slotHeight+clipThickness]){
                    square(size = [ledgeWidth+2*clipThickness,clipThickness]);
                }
                translate([railWidth+ledgeWidth+clipThickness*2, slotHeight-ledgeHeight]){
                    square(size = [clipThickness,ledgeHeight+2*clipThickness]);
                }
            }
            if(includeDefaultFillets){
                addDefaultFillets();
            }
        }
        if(includeDefaultFillets){
            scale([1,1,1.0001]){
                translate([0,0,-0.00001]){
                    cutDefaultFillets();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module addDefaultFillets(){
    //4
    roundCorners(center = [1.5*clipThickness + railWidth + ledgeWidth, slotHeight + 0.5*clipThickness], bottomLeft = true, radi = clipThickness/2+0.0001);
    //5
    roundCorners(center = [2.5*clipThickness + railWidth, slotHeight + 0.5*clipThickness], bottomRight = true, radi = clipThickness/2+0.0001);
}

module cutDefaultFillets(){
    //1
    roundCorners(center = [2.5*clipThickness + railWidth + ledgeWidth, slotHeight - ledgeHeight + 0.5*clipThickness], topLeft = true, topRight = true, radi = clipThickness/2+0.0001);
    //2
    roundCorners(center = [2.5*clipThickness + railWidth + ledgeWidth, slotHeight + 1.5*clipThickness], bottomLeft = true, radi = clipThickness/2+0.0001);
    //3
    roundCorners(center = [1.5*clipThickness + railWidth, slotHeight + 1.5*clipThickness], bottomRight = true, radi = clipThickness/2+0.0001);
    //6
    roundCorners(center = [0.5*clipThickness, slotHeight + 1.5*clipThickness], bottomLeft = true, bottomRight = true, radi = clipThickness/2+0.0001);
}

module roundCorners(center = [0,0], topLeft = false, topRight = false, bottomLeft = false, bottomRight = false, radi = 0.125){
    translate([center[0],center[1],0]){
        difference(){
            union(){
                if(topLeft){
                    rotate([0,0,270]){
                        cube([radi,radi,slotLength]);
                    }
                }
                if(topRight){
                    rotate([0,0,180]){
                        cube([radi,radi,slotLength]);
                    }
                }
                if(bottomLeft){
                    rotate([0,0,0]){
                        cube([radi,radi,slotLength]);
                    }
                }
                if(bottomRight){
                    rotate([0,0,90]){
                        cube([radi,radi,slotLength]);
                    }
                }
            }
            translate([0,0,-0.0001]){
                cylinder(r=radi, h = slotLength+0.001, $fn=resoultion);
            }
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric mug cap in OpenSCAD. It should fit snugly on top of a standard cylindrical mug and have one or two angled apertures for sipping. I'm thinking the primary parameters should be:

*   **`mug_diameter`**: The outer diameter of the mug the cap will fit on.
*   **`mug_thickness`**: The thickness of the mug's wall (used for sizing the cap's inner lip).
*   **`wall_thick`**: The overall wall thickness of the cap itself.
*   **`An`**: A string variable that determines if there's one or two apertures, valid options are `"one"` or `"two"`.
*   **`A_angle`**: The angle in degrees that determines the width of the aperture.
*   **`Ap_angle`**: If there are two apertures, this is the angle in degrees to space them apart.
*   **`tolerance`**:  A small value to add to key dimensions for a good fit.
*   **`definition`**: The `$fn` variable value for controlling the circle resolution.

The cap should have a lip that goes down inside the mug. So, the design will basically have a circular base (the cap's top) and a smaller circular base (the inside lip) that are connected by the cap wall.

I want to be able to control how angled each aperture is, and their position relative to one another if there are two. The aperture should have a rounded profile.

I'm not using any particular libraries for this, but if you think one would be useful, feel free.

[Assistant]
Mug_Cap_002.scad:
```
//Mug outer diameter
mug_diameter=86;

//Mug thickness
mug_thickness=4;

//Cap wall thickness
wall_thick=2.4;

//Aperture numbers
An="one";//[one,two]

//Aperture width
A_angle=10;//[5:1:20]

//Apertures positions
Ap_angle=110;//[65:5:295]

tolerance=0.15;//[0:0.05:0.5]
definition=60;//[60:Low,90:Medium,120:High]

///////

$fn=definition;

module section() {
    difference() {
        union() {
            translate([mug_diameter/2 - mug_thickness/2,wall_thick + tolerance,0]) circle(d=mug_thickness + wall_thick*2 + tolerance*2);
            square([mug_diameter/2 + wall_thick + tolerance,wall_thick]);
        }

        translate([mug_diameter/2 - mug_thickness/2,wall_thick + tolerance,0]) {
            circle(d=mug_thickness+2*tolerance);
            translate([-tolerance - mug_thickness/2,-2*mug_thickness,0]) square([mug_thickness + tolerance*2,2*mug_thickness]);
            }
            translate([mug_diameter/2 - mug_thickness/2 - 2*mug_thickness,-2*mug_thickness,0]) square([4*mug_thickness,2*mug_thickness]);

    }
}

module ouverture(a) {
    difference() {
        hull() {for(i=[-1,1]) rotate([0,0,i*a]) translate([mug_diameter/2 - wall_thick,0,0]) cylinder(r=2.5*wall_thick + mug_thickness/2,h=4*mug_thickness,center=true);}
        cylinder(r=mug_diameter/2 - wall_thick - (2.5*wall_thick + mug_thickness/2),h=5*mug_thickness,center=true);
    }
}

difference() {
    rotate_extrude() section();
    ouverture(A_angle);
    translate([-mug_diameter/5,0,0]) cylinder(d=3,h=3*wall_thick,center=true);
    if (An=="two") {
        rotate([0,0,Ap_angle]) ouverture(A_angle);
    }
    else {}
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to generate a parametric pulley design in OpenSCAD. I've got some basic parameters I need to control, and I’d like the code to be flexible enough for both small and potentially larger pulleys.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Pulley Diameter:** This is the main diameter of the pulley, let’s call it `PulleyDiameter`. I need to be able to change this value, obviously.
*   **Wall Thickness:** I need to specify the wall thickness of the pulley, named `Wall`.
*  **Wheel Height:**  The height of the central "wheel" part of the pulley (not including the hub), which I'll call `WheelHeight`.
*   **Hub Diameter:** The diameter of the central hub, `HubDiam`.
*   **Hub Height:** The height of the central hub, `HubHeight`.
*   **Axle Diameter:** The diameter of the axle hole, `AxleDiam`.
*  **Belt Diameter**: the diameter of the belt, or rather the size of the gap for the belt. I'd like to call it `BeltDiam`.
*   **Wheel Holes:** A boolean option (which I guess in OpenSCAD is more like an integer 0 or 1) called `WheelHoles`. When set to 1, I want there to be 4 equally spaced holes in the "wheel" part. When 0, no holes should be present.
*   **Belt Type:** Another integer option `Squarebelt`, where 0 means the belt cross-section is round, and 1 means it's square.
*   **Second Layer:**  An option `SecondLayer` (integer 0 or 1). If set to 1, it adds a second, smaller pulley right next to the first.
*   **Second Diameter:** If `SecondLayer` is 1, then this sets the diameter of the second pulley (`SecondDiam`). This secondary pulley should not have any holes regardless of what `WheelHoles` is set to. The secondary pulley should always have a height of 1. It should also be offset from the first pulley by 2*Wall + BeltDiam

I'd prefer the belt area to be a torus cut-out from the main pulley body. The wheel should be a solid cylinder, as should the hub.  The axle should be a centered cylinder cutout. Also, all holes should also be cylinder cutouts. It would be great if you could parameterize all those values so I can modify them in the customizer.

I'd also like it if the code was well-commented, so it is easier to understand for someone new to OpenSCAD. Let me know if you need more details! I don't require any special OpenSCAD libraries for this.

[Assistant]
pulley.scad:
```

// Make sure everything is nice and round..
$fn=80;

//
// pulley settings...
//
PulleyDiameter=50; // diameter of the pulley
Wall=1; // thickness of the wallof the pulley
WheelHeight=2;// height of the inner wheel
HubDiam=10; // hub diameter
HubHeight=10;  // height of the hub
AxleDiam=2.5; // Axle diameter
BeltDiam=2; // diameter of the belt
WheelHoles=1;  // [0,1]
               //do the wheel holes or not. . .

Squarebelt=0;  // [0,1]
               //normally a round belt

SecondLayer=1;  // [0,1]
                //a second layer ?
SecondDiam=12;     // the second layer preferably smaller and forced to no holes.. .

module torus(diam,rad)
{
    rotate_extrude($fn = 100)
    {
       if (Squarebelt)
       {
            translate([rad/2-diam/2,-diam/2,0])square(diam);
       }
       else
       {
            translate([rad/2,0,0])circle(d=diam);
       }
    }

}

module Inner(diam=20,h=2)
{
    cylinder(d=diam,h=h);
}

module Hub(hubD=10,hubH=10)
{
    cylinder(d=hubD,h=hubH);
}

module Axle(axleD=1)
{
    cylinder(d=axleD,h=100,center=true);
}

module PulleyWheel(diam=20,belt=2,wheelHeight=2,hubdiam=10,hubHeight=10,axled=1,wheelHoles=1)
{

    WheelHoleD = (diam/2-hubdiam/2-3*Wall)/3;

    WheelHoleTranslate = diam/20+(hubdiam/2+(diam/2-4*Wall)-(hubdiam/2))/2;

    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            difference()
            {
                cylinder(d=diam,h=belt+2*Wall);
                translate([0,0,belt/2+Wall])torus(diam=belt,rad=diam);
                translate([0,0,-0.5])cylinder(d=diam-belt-(2*Wall),h=belt+2*Wall+1);
            }

            Inner(diam=diam-belt-Wall,h=wheelHeight);

            Hub(hubD=hubdiam,hubH=hubHeight);
        }

        Axle(axleD=axled);

        if(wheelHoles==1)
        {
            for(i=[0:3])
            {
                rotate([0,0,i*360/4])
                   translate([WheelHoleTranslate,0,0])cylinder(r=WheelHoleD,h=100,center=true);
            }
        }

    }
}

//torus(diam=2,rad=20);

PulleyWheel(diam=PulleyDiameter,belt=BeltDiam,wheelHeight=WheelHeight,hubdiam=HubDiam,hubHeight=HubHeight,axled=AxleDiam,wheelHoles=WheelHoles);

if (SecondLayer==1)
{
  //
  // a second small wheel
  //
  translate([0,0,2*Wall+BeltDiam])PulleyWheel(diam=SecondDiam,belt=BeltDiam,wheelHeight=  WheelHeight,hubdiam=HubDiam,hubHeight=1,axled=AxleDiam,wheelHoles=0);
}
```