[User]
Hi, I'm looking to generate some parametric round clips with mounting brackets, designed to be secured with zipties rather than screws. I want to be able to customize several aspects of the design, such as:

*   The number of clips on the bracket.
*   The spacing between the centers of each clip.
*   The inner diameter of the clip.
*   The width (height) of the clip.
*   The thickness of the clip walls.
*   The opening angle of the clip (the amount of the clip ring removed from the top). I'd like the lips on the clips to only be present if the opening angle is more than 30 degrees, otherwise I'd like a complete circle for the clip.
*   The width of the mounting bracket (separate from the clip width).
*   The thickness of the mounting bracket.
*   The length of the mounting ears from the center of the first and last clips.
*   The position of the ziptie mounting holes from the edge of the mounting ears.
*   The height and width of the ziptie holes.
*  The spacing of the ziptie holes.

I'd like the final design to include a mounting bracket with the appropriate number of clips based on the user-defined parameters, with the option to generate either round clips or clips with lips depending on the opening angle. The mounting bracket should also have ziptie holes for securing it.

I think all I need is one `.scad` file, unless you find it more suitable to split the design into multiple files. I'm not using any external libraries but let me know if you think that would be helpful.

[Assistant]
roundClipBracketZipTie.scad:
```
// Parametric Round Clip Holder
// Generates an adjustable set of round clips with mounting ears
// Garrett Mace April 7th 2011
// moded for makerbot custiomizer by jhack 25/3/2013
// Graham P Heath, March, 26, 2015; Switch from screws to zipties.

// Parameters
// Number of clips on the bracket
clipNumber = 1;		//[1:50]
// Distance between clip centers
clipSpacing = 30;	//[1:100]
// Diameter of the clip inside face
clipInnerDiameter = 30;//[5:100]
// Width (height) of clip
clipWidth = 30;		//[5:100]
// Thickness of clip walls
clipWallThickness = 4;	//[2:10]
// Amount of clip ring to remove from top (valid between 0 and 180)
clipOpeningAngle = 0;//[0:180]

bracketWidth = 50;//[2:10]
// Thickness of mounting bracket
bracketThickness = 5;	//[2:10]
// Length of mounting ears from center of first and last clips
mountEarsLength = 30;	//[5:100]
// Position of mounting holes from edge of mounting ears
mountHoleOffset = 5;	//[2:10]
// Zip tie layout
zipTieHeight = 2;//[1:15]  Zip tie Height
zipTieWidth = 4;//[1:15]  Zip tie Width
zipTieSpacing = 40;//[1:15]  Zip tie overlap

/* [hidden] */
$fs = 0.25;

// Round clip
module roundClip() {
difference() {
	cylinder(r = (clipInnerDiameter/2 + clipWallThickness), h = clipWidth);
	translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(r = clipInnerDiameter/2, h = clipWidth + 2);
	translate([0,0,-1]) union () {
		rotate([0,0,clipOpeningAngle/4-0.05]) intersection() {
			rotate([0,0,clipOpeningAngle/4]) cube([clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,bracketWidth+2]);
			rotate ([0,0,-clipOpeningAngle/4]) translate([-(clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1),0,0]) cube([clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,bracketWidth+2]);
			cylinder(r=clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,h=clipWidth+2);
		}

		rotate([0,0,-clipOpeningAngle/4+0.05]) intersection() {
			rotate([0,0,clipOpeningAngle/4]) cube([clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,bracketWidth+2]);
			rotate ([0,0,-clipOpeningAngle/4]) translate([-(clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1),0,0]) cube([clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,bracketWidth+2]);
			cylinder(r=clipInnerDiameter+clipWallThickness+1,h=clipWidth+2);
		}
	}
}

if (clipOpeningAngle > 30) {
  rotate([0,0,clipOpeningAngle/2]) translate([0,clipInnerDiameter/2+clipWallThickness,0]) cylinder(r = clipWallThickness, h = clipWidth);
  //#rotate([0,0,clipOpeningAngle/2]) translate([0,clipInnerDiameter/2+clipWallThickness*2,0]) cylinder(r = clipWallThickness, h = clipWidth);

  rotate([0,0,-clipOpeningAngle/2]) translate([0,clipInnerDiameter/2+clipWallThickness,0]) cylinder(r = clipWallThickness, h = clipWidth);
  }
}

// Create clips
translate([-(clipSpacing*(clipNumber-1))/2,0,0]) for (clipPos = [0:clipNumber-1]) {
	translate([clipPos*clipSpacing,0,0]) roundClip();
}

// Calculations
calcs_bracketLength = clipSpacing*(clipNumber-1)+mountEarsLength*2;

centerZipTieWidth = -zipTieWidth / 2;
centerZipTieHeight = -zipTieHeight / 2;
centerOffsetZipTieSpacing = zipTieSpacing / 2;
// Mounting bracket and holes
difference() {
  translate([-calcs_bracketLength/2,-clipInnerDiameter/2-bracketThickness,0]) cube([calcs_bracketLength,bracketThickness,bracketWidth]);
  translate([calcs_bracketLength/2-mountHoleOffset,-clipInnerDiameter/2-bracketThickness-1,bracketWidth/2])
    rotate([-90,0,0])
      translate([centerZipTieWidth, centerZipTieHeight - centerOffsetZipTieSpacing, 0])
        cube([zipTieWidth, zipTieHeight, bracketThickness + 2]);
  translate([calcs_bracketLength/2-mountHoleOffset,-clipInnerDiameter/2-bracketThickness-1,bracketWidth/2])
    rotate([-90,0,0])
      translate([centerZipTieWidth, centerZipTieHeight + centerOffsetZipTieSpacing, 0])
        cube([zipTieWidth, zipTieHeight, bracketThickness + 2]);
  translate([-calcs_bracketLength/2+mountHoleOffset,-clipInnerDiameter/2-bracketThickness-1,bracketWidth/2])
    rotate([-90,0,0])
      translate([centerZipTieWidth, centerZipTieHeight + centerOffsetZipTieSpacing, 0])
        cube([zipTieWidth, zipTieHeight, bracketThickness + 2]);
  translate([-calcs_bracketLength/2+mountHoleOffset,-clipInnerDiameter/2-bracketThickness-1,bracketWidth/2])
    rotate([-90,0,0])
      translate([centerZipTieWidth, centerZipTieHeight -
         centerOffsetZipTieSpacing, 0])
        cube([zipTieWidth, zipTieHeight, bracketThickness + 2]);

}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable Archimedes spiral in OpenSCAD. I've found a basic example, but it's not quite flexible enough. I'd like to be able to control a few more parameters.

Specifically, I'd need to be able to set:

*   **Number of spirals:** So I can have multiple interlocking or separate spirals instead of just one.
*   **Spiral constant (a):**  This determines how "tight" or "loose" the spiral is.
*   **Increment:** This is the step size for the spiral's progression, which affects its smoothness (more steps, smoother curve).
*   **Height:** The Z-dimension of the spiral.
*   **Wall Thickness:** The radius of the cylindrical sections that make up the spiral.
* **Taper:** A separate value that allows control over how the radius of the cylinder sections change over the length of the spiral

I also need to control the start and end of the spiral, both its angular start and its linear progression (starting 't' value).

The output should be a 3D object, and I'd like the spiral to be made by connecting cylinders rather than a 2D extrusion. I'd like to have the option to use `hull` rather than `linear_extrude` to generate the spiral. I also want the option to choose between `linear_extrude` or individual connected cylinders for my output.

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files, if needed) for this? I'd also like to be able to customize the rendering quality (e.g., `$fa`, `$fs`). I don't need anything from specialized libraries.

[Assistant]
archimedes-spiral.scad:
```
//http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Archimedes%E2%80%99+spiral

spirals = 1;
a = 0.07;
incrementBy = 10;
height = 10;
wallThickness = 5;

for(i=[0:360/spirals:360])
rotate([0,0,i])
for(t=[0:incrementBy:1000])
hull(){

translate([a*t*cos(t),a*t*sin(t),0])
cylinder(r=wallThickness/2,h=height);

translate([a*(t+incrementBy)*cos(t+incrementBy),a*(t+incrementBy)*sin(t+incrementBy),0])
cylinder(r=wallThickness/2,h=height);
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to generate a 3D model of a logarithmic spiral using OpenSCAD. I've seen examples where this is done with a series of cylinders, connected by a hull. I'd like to create a parametric model that allows me to control the following:

*   **Number of Loops:** How many times the spiral winds around the center.
*   **Resolution:** The number of segments used to create each loop, essentially controlling how smooth the spiral appears.
*   **Wall Thickness:** The radius of the cylinders that make up the spiral.
*   **Height:** The height of the cylinders.
*   **'a' Parameter:** This parameter controls the initial radius of the spiral (r = a * exp(b*theta)).
*   **'b' Parameter:** This parameter controls how quickly the radius of the spiral grows.
*   **Increment:**  The step size used to create each cylindrical segment (related to resolution).

I'd like the output to use the `hull()` function to connect each of the cylinders. It should be a single, continuous spiral. I would like to be able to use the functions described in the example `logarithmic-spiral.scad` file:
```
function deg(n)=360*n/steps_per_loop;
function rad(n)=2*PI*n/steps_per_loop;
function arc_length(n)= //The length of a line segment = sqrt( (y2-y1)^2 + (x2-x1)^2 )
		sqrt(
			pow(
				r(rad(n+1))*sin(deg(n+1)) -
				r(rad(n))*sin(deg(n))
				,2)
			+
			pow(
				r(rad(n+1))*cos(deg(n+1)) -
				r(rad(n))*cos(deg(n))
				,2)
			);
function r(th)=a*exp(b*th);
function d(i) =r(rad(i))/3;
```

I don't need anything fancy. Just the basic spiral shape. Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for me?

[Assistant]
logarithmic-spiral.scad:
```
//A logarthmic Spiral has the form r=a*exp(b*theta);

loops=3;
$fn=20; //resolution

steps_per_loop=$fn;

wallThickness = 0.5;

height = 10;

a=0.4;
b=0.2;
incrementBy = 1;

for(i=[0:incrementBy:loops*steps_per_loop]){
hull(){
translate([r(rad(i))*cos(deg(i+0.5)),r(rad(i))*sin(deg(i+0.5)),0])
cylinder(r=wallThickness,height);

translate([r(rad(i+incrementBy))*cos(deg(i+incrementBy+0.5)),r(rad(i+1))*sin(deg(i+incrementBy+0.5)),0])
cylinder(r=wallThickness,height);
}
}

////////////////// Functions //////////////////////////
function deg(n)=360*n/steps_per_loop;
function rad(n)=2*PI*n/steps_per_loop;
function arc_length(n)= //The length of a line segment = sqrt( (y2-y1)^2 + (x2-x1)^2 )
		sqrt(
			pow(
				r(rad(n+1))*sin(deg(n+1)) -
				r(rad(n))*sin(deg(n))
				,2)
			+
			pow(
				r(rad(n+1))*cos(deg(n+1)) -
				r(rad(n))*cos(deg(n))
				,2)
			);
function r(th)=a*exp(b*th);
function d(i) =r(rad(i))/3;
```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for bed nut holders, specifically for a 3D printer using an aluminum extrusion frame. I'm basing my design on the "3up_bed_nut_holders-v2.scad" file, and I'd like to be able to tweak several key dimensions.

Here's what needs to be parametric:

*   **Overall Height:** The vertical height of the holder from the extrusion frame to the top. Default should be 21mm.
*   **Extrusion Frame Size:** This is the size of the square extrusion. I'll need options for 20x20, 30x30, and 40x40; the default should be 20 (which is for 20x20).
*   **Frame Screw Size:** The size of the screw used to attach the holder to the extrusion. Common values are M3, M4, M5, M6, and M8, with M5 (5mm) being the default.
*   **Frame Mount Nose Width:** The width of the 'nose' that clamps onto the extrusion frame. Options are 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, and 8mm; the default should be 4mm.
*   **Bed Screw Size:** The size of the screw that holds the bed nut. M3, M4, and M5 are common. Default is 3mm.

The design has a few specific features that need to be replicated, including a stepped base, a sort of terrace, and a small tower section. There's also a cone-shaped cutout on the side for easier printing; you'll need to make sure that's included. I've included the original SCAD file as a reference for the general shape, and you should be using the 'nuts_and_bolts.scad' library from MCAD for the nut and bolt hole generation. Please make the design clean and easy to modify in the customizer.

[Assistant]
3up_bed_nut_holders-v2.scad:
```
// 3up bed nut holders, customizable
//
// original [1.5.1] 3uP - Metal H-Bot Upgrade for QUBD Two-Up by DDeGonge888
// scad by dieck

// Licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
// NonCommercial is inherited from [1.5.1] 3uP - Metal H-Bot Upgrade for QUBD Two-Up by DDeGonge888 and will be dropped if the license changes accordingly

// version 2

// Height of bed nut holder from extrusion frame to top. Common values 21 or 23.
height = 21;// [7:99]

// Extrusion frame size
frame_size = 20; // [20:Profile 5 20x20,30: Profile 6 30x30,40: Profile 8 40x40]

// Extrusion frame nut screw size
frame_screw_size = 5; // [3: M3, 4: M4, 5: M5, 6: M6, 8: M8]

// Extrusion frame mount nose width
frame_nose_width = 4; // [3: 3mm, 4: 4mm, 5: 5mm, 6: 6mm, 8: 8mm]

// Bed holder screw size
bed_screw = 3; // [3: M3, 4: M4, 5: M5]

/*
changelog:
v2, 26.03.2015
added cone cutout to nose for easier printing laying on the side
*/

include <MCAD/nuts_and_bolts.scad>

// base plate
difference() {

// structure
union() {
    // base plate
    cube([15, 14, 7]);
    // next layer
    translate([0,4,7]) cube([15, 10, height-7]); // hier sind die 23: oberkante Terasse
    // terrace
    difference() {
        translate([0,4,height-6.5]) cube([15,19,6.5]);
        color([1,0,0]) union() {
            translate([-0.5,14+4,height-7]) cube([16,5.5,4.5]);
            translate([-0.5,14+5.7/2,(height-6.5)-5.7/2]) rotate([45,0,0]) cube([16,5.7,4]);
        }
    }
    // small step opposite to terrace
    translate([0,4,7]) cube([15,1.5,20]);
    // tower
    translate([0,5.5,0]) cube([15,4.5,frame_size+height-2]); // -2 for rounded extrusion frames
    // nose
    translate([7.5,10.75,(frame_size/2)+height]) cube([15,1.5,frame_nose_width], center=true);
}

// removals
color([1,0,0]) union() {
        // mount screw hole
        rdm = (frame_screw_size+0.2)/2;
        translate([7.5,5.5+7,(frame_size/2)+height]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(8, r=rdm, $fn = 360);

        // v2: widen for easier printing laying on the side
        rdmout = ((frame_screw_size+1.5+0.2)/2) * 1.1; // let's go for a little more than 45°
        translate([7.5,11.6,(frame_size/2)+height]) rotate([90,90,0]) cylinder(h=1.6, r1=rdmout, r2=rdm, $fn=360);

        // screw headroom
        rdmh = (frame_screw_size * 1.7) / 2;
        translate([7.5,5.5,(frame_size/2)+height]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(2, r=rdmh, $fn = 360);

        // nut hole
        translate([7.5,7.5,1.5]) rotate([0,0,30]) nutHole(bed_screw);

        // poor man's solution to get a even sized insert hole
        // slowing pulling out the nut
        for ( i = [7.5 : -bed_screw/2 : -bed_screw ] ) {
            translate([7.5,i,1.5]) rotate([0,0,30]) nutHole(bed_screw);
        }

        // long bed screw hole
        rdb = (bed_screw+0.2)/2;
        translate([7.5,7.5,-2]) cylinder(2+(height-5), r=rdb, $fn = 360);

} // removals union

} // main difference

        rdm = (frame_screw_size+0.2)/2;
        rdmout = ((frame_screw_size+1.5+0.2)/2) * 1.1; // let's go for a little more than 45°

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a generalized conoid shape in OpenSCAD, similar to the Plucker's conoid I've been experimenting with, but I want more flexibility in defining the curves at the top and bottom. I'm not a huge fan of the functions directly encoding the shapes like the `fa` and `ga` functions do in the code example I've been using. It also feels like the `ruled_surface` module would be more intuitive if it operated in the cartesian coordinate domain rather than taking a 0-1 input parameter.

So, here's what I'm envisioning:

I want to define two arbitrary curves, a "top curve" and a "bottom curve," using functions. These functions will take a single parameter, `t`, that ranges from 0 to 1, and return a 3D vector specifying a point in space. This means the functions can describe, for instance, an ellipse in a plane or a spiral in 3D. The user should be able to provide any function they choose that meets the above criteria.

Then, I want to generate the conoid surface between these two curves by interpolating straight lines between the corresponding points on the top and bottom curves for different values of the parameter `t`. So the conoid is formed by the ruled surface described by these interpolations. The `ruled_surface` module should take in a function returning a top curve point, another function returning a bottom curve point, and then draw that surface using a given line thickness and number of steps.

I would also like to specify the number of sides used to render the cylinders used to make the ruled surface.

I'd like the final SCAD file to have the following user-adjustable parameters at the top of the file:

*   `top_curve_function`: A string containing the definition of a function that takes `t` as an input and returns a 3D vector.
*   `bottom_curve_function`: A string containing the definition of a function that takes `t` as an input and returns a 3D vector.
*   `line_thickness`: A number controlling the thickness of the cylinders.
*   `steps`: An integer for the number of steps (divisions along the 0-1 range).
*   `sides`: An integer specifying the number of sides in each cylinder.

Essentially, I want to abstract away the specific shape of the conoid and let the user define its characteristics through the arbitrary curves that define the top and bottom. Can you generate this OpenSCAD file?

[Assistant]
ruled_conoid.scad:
```
/*

    Conoids as a ruled surface

*/

Outer_N=3;
Inner_N=3;
Height=10;
Outer_Radius=30;
Inner_Radius=0;   // classic coniod has Inner_radius of 0
Inner_Ratio=1;   // scales the inner axis
Thickness=2;
// render quality
Steps=200;  // around object
Sides=10;   // slice

function norm(v) =
    pow(v.x*v.x + v.y*v.y + v.z*v.z,0.5);

module orient_to(origin, normal) {
      translate(origin)
      rotate([0, 0, atan2(normal.y, normal.x)])
      rotate([0, atan2(sqrt(pow(normal.x, 2)+pow(normal.y, 2)),normal.z), 0])
      children();
}

module slice(x,thickness) {
    pa = f(x);
    pb = g(x);
    length = norm(pb-pa);
    orient_to(pa,pb-pa)
        cylinder(r=thickness,h=length);
};

module ruled_surface(limit,step,thickness=1) {
 for (x=[0:step:limit])
  hull() {
      slice(x,thickness);
      slice(x+step,thickness);
  }
};

function plucker(theta) =sin(theta);
function wallis(theta,a=1,b=1,c=5) = c * sqrt(a*a-b*b*pow(cos(theta),2));
function helicoid(theta,s) = s * theta;

function conoid(theta) = plucker(theta);

function fa(theta) = [Outer_Radius * cos(theta),
                 Outer_Radius * sin(theta),
                 Height * conoid(Outer_N*theta)];
function f(x) = fa(x*360);

function ga(theta) = [Inner_Radius*cos(theta),
                 Inner_Radius*sin(theta),
                 Inner_Ratio*Height * conoid(Inner_N*theta)];
function g(x) = ga(x*360);

$fn= Sides;
ruled_surface(1,1/Steps,Thickness);

```


[User]
I want to design a dome, like a half-sphere, but I want to be able to control the resolution of it. I need to be able to specify how many segments are used to construct it, so it can be smoother when I print at higher resolutions. I'd like a single OpenSCAD file for this.

The base of the dome needs to be flat. I’d like to be able to easily adjust the size of the dome itself, too. I also want to be able to specify the resolution. Could you please make sure it’s a sphere that gets cut with a cube, instead of something like an upside down cone? I'm not looking for a cone, I really want a hemisphere shape.

[Assistant]
Dome2.scad:
```
/* [Global] */

/* [Resolution] */

resolution = 6; // [6:100]

/* [Hidden] */

dome_size= 10;

print_part();

module print_part() {

	// this will create a high resolution sphere with parametric resolution

	difference()
	{

		sphere (dome_size,$fn=resolution);

		translate([0,0,-dome_size])

		{
		cube(dome_size*2, center =true);

		//cylinder(r=2, h=20, center= true, $nf=40);

		}
	}

}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a filament box system for my 3D printer using IKEA SAMLA boxes. I've seen a few designs out there but I want something a bit more custom and flexible, and I want it to be parametric so I can adjust it for different box sizes or tube diameters in the future.

Basically, the core idea is to mount a tube connector on the side of the box that will allow me to feed filament directly from the box to my printer. The box itself will act as a drybox when sealed, and I can use spacers and spool adapters inside to keep the spools organized, so the design should consider this.

Specifically, I need the following:

1.  **A customizable mounting socket:** This is the key part. It needs to attach securely to the side of the SAMLA box. I want to specify the box dimensions (bottom width, bottom length, top width, top length, and height) and the tube parameters (diameter and height of the tube's center from the box bottom). The socket should account for the angled walls of the SAMLA box. The socket should have a hole for a screw (M4 by default, but I should be able to change this). There should also be a recessed area to fit a hex nut (again, M4 default but customizable). Please add a small amount of backlash in the screw hole and the tube hole to make tolerances more forgiving.

2.  **A tube hole:** The tube should be able to rotate and allow for filament to feed into it from the box. This needs to be on the correct angle so it sits flush with the side of the box. The socket should not interfere with the filament.

3.  **A drilling jig:** It would be really useful to have a drilling jig to accurately place the screw holes on the box. This jig needs to align with the socket and also account for the angled walls of the SAMLA box. I need to be able to specify the tube center position and the template's bottom width for sizing, and a drill diameter.

I'd like the design to include some visualization aids, too:

*   **Preview:** I need a preview mode that combines the socket, tube, and a simplified model of the box, just for visualization and making sure everything fits.
*   **Text indicator:** It would be useful to see text showing the calculated tube length in preview mode.

I'm aiming for a good balance of usability and customization, so the code should be well organized. I think these are the specific parameters that I'd like to be able to set in the customizer:

*   **Socket Parameters:**
    *   `socket_plate_thickness` (Thickness of the mounting plate)
    *   `hex_nut_width` (Width of the hex nut to be used)
    *   `screw_hole_diameter` (Diameter of the screw hole)
    *   `backlash` (Tolerance/clearance for screw holes, tube, etc.)

*   **Box Size Parameters:**
    *   `box_bottom_width`
    *   `box_bottom_length`
    *   `box_top_width`
    *   `box_top_length`
    *   `box_height`

*   **Tube Parameters:**
    *   `tube_diameter`
    *   `tube_height` (Distance between the bottom of the box and the center of the tube)

*   **Drilling Jig Parameters:**
    *    `template_tube_center_width`
    *    `template_bottom_width`
    *    `template_thickness`
    *    `template_drill_diameter`

*  **Hidden Parameter:**
     * `$fn` (For circle quality).

I believe that the following libraries aren't necessary but this will need to be checked: MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, BOLTS.
I'd like all of the components to be able to be rendered individually, like the existing file. I hope this is enough detail. Please let me know if you need more information.

[Assistant]
filament_box_socket_v2_0_1.scad:
```
// 'Customizable Filament Box Socket' by wstein
// is licensed under the Attribution - Non-Commercial - Share Alike license.
// Version 2.0 (c) August 2015
// please refer the complete license here: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode

// Version 1.0a: parts renamed as customizer can't handle whitespace in part parameter.
// Version 2.0: customizer calculates the correct tube length
// Version 2.0.1: fix for latest customizer version

// preview[view:west, tilt:top diagonal]

//to show.
part="preview_"; //[preview_:Preview,socket_:Socket,drilling_jig_:Drilling Jig]

/*[Socket]*/
//M4 is 6.9mm
socket_plate_thickness=5;
hex_nut_width=6.9;
screw_hole_diameter=4.0;
backlash=0.5;

/*[Box Size]*/

//default values are for IKEA SAMLA 22l/6gallons
box_bottom_width=215;
box_bottom_length=300;
box_top_width=250;
box_top_length=330;
box_height=230;

/*[Tube]*/

tube_diameter=32;
// distance between bottom of box and center of tube.
tube_height=140;

/*[Drilling Jig]*/

template_tube_center_width=80;
template_bottom_width=100;
template_thickness=3;
template_drill_diameter=4;

/*[Hidden]*/
$fn=150;

wall_degree=asin((box_top_length-box_bottom_length)/box_height/2);
sin_wall=(box_top_length-box_bottom_length)/box_height/2;
cos_wall=cos(wall_degree);

box_tube_width=box_bottom_length+(box_top_length-box_bottom_length)/box_height*tube_height;
box_tube_lower_width=box_bottom_length+(box_top_length-box_bottom_length)/box_height*(tube_height-tube_diameter/2);
box_tube_upper_width=box_bottom_length+(box_top_length-box_bottom_length)/box_height*(tube_height+tube_diameter/2);
echo(box_tube_width=box_tube_width);
echo(box_tube_lower_width=box_tube_lower_width);

tube_length=min(box_tube_upper_width-5,box_tube_lower_width-1.2);
echo(tube_length=tube_length);

if(part=="preview_")
preview();

if(part=="drilling_jig_")
drilling_jig();

if(part=="socket_")
socket();

module preview()
intersection()
{

	union()
	{
		color("yellow")
		for(m=[0,1])
		mirror([0,m,0])
		translate([0,box_tube_width/2,tube_height])
		rotate([90-wall_degree,0,0])
		socket();

		color("silver")
		translate([0,0,tube_height])
		rotate([90,0,0])
		cylinder(r=tube_diameter/2+backlash,h=tube_length+2*backlash,center=true,$fn=$fn*2);

        color("black")
        translate([-tube_diameter-backlash,0,tube_height-tube_diameter/2-backlash])
        rotate([0,0,-90])
        linear_extrude(1,convexity=10)
        resize([tube_length*.9,0], auto=true)
        text(str("tube length = ",round(tube_length*10.0)/10.0,"mm"),size=16,valign="center",halign="center");
	}

	%linear_extrude(height=box_height,scale=[box_top_width/box_bottom_width,box_top_length/box_bottom_length],convexity=20)
	square([box_bottom_width,box_bottom_length],center=true);
}

module drilling_jig()
assign(x1=template_tube_center_width/2,x2=template_bottom_width/2,y1=0,y2=sqrt(pow((box_top_length-box_bottom_length)/2,2)+tube_height*tube_height))
difference()
{
	union()
	{
		hull()
		triangle()
		cylinder(r=template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4,h=template_thickness);

		translate([-x2,-y2-template_thickness,template_thickness])
		cube([x2*2,template_thickness,10]);

		assign(templ_points=[[-x1+(template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4),y1],[x1-(template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4),y1],[x2-(template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4),-y2],[-x2+(template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4),-y2]])
		assign(templ_points2=[[-x1+(template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4)+template_drill_diameter/2+6,y1-template_drill_diameter/2-6],[x1-(template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4)-template_drill_diameter/2-6,y1-template_drill_diameter/2-6],[x2-(template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4)-template_drill_diameter/2-6,-y2+template_drill_diameter/2+6],[-x2+(template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4)+template_drill_diameter/2+6,-y2+template_drill_diameter/2+6]])
		difference()
		{
			hull()
			for(pos=templ_points)
			translate(pos)
			cylinder(r=template_drill_diameter/2+backlash+4,h=template_thickness);

			hull()
			for(pos=templ_points2)
			translate(concat(pos,-.1))
			cylinder(r=template_drill_diameter/2,h=template_thickness+.2);
		}
	}

	hull()
	triangle(-4-6)
	translate([0,0,-.1])
	cylinder(r=2,h=template_thickness+.2);

	triangle()
	translate([0,0,-.1])
	cylinder(r=template_drill_diameter/2+backlash,h=template_thickness+.2);
}

module socket()
difference()
{
	union()
	{
        linear_extrude(socket_plate_thickness,convexity=10)
        difference()
        {
            hull()
            {
                circle(r=tube_diameter/2+3);

                triangle()
                circle(r=hex_nut_width/2+2);
            }

            triangle()
            circle(r=screw_hole_diameter/2+backlash);
        }
		rotate([wall_degree,0,0])
		cylinder(r=tube_diameter/2+3,h=(box_tube_width-tube_length+16+socket_plate_thickness)/2);
	}

echo((box_tube_width-tube_length)/2);
	rotate([wall_degree,0,0])
	for(pos=[[0,0,(box_tube_width-tube_length)/2],[0,.75*(tube_diameter+backlash*2),(box_tube_width-tube_length)/2-.8]])
	translate(pos)
	rotate([0,0,90])
	cylinder(r=tube_diameter/2+backlash,h=20,$fn=$fn*2);

	// build insert ramp
	translate([0,0,(box_tube_width-tube_length+0)/2]) // replace -1 with +10
	assign(x1=tube_diameter*1.3/2,x2=tube_diameter/2,y10=tube_diameter/2+3.1,y2=0,z10=3,z2=8,z3=10+5)
	assign(y1=y10*cos_wall-z10*sin_wall,z1=y10*sin_wall+z10*cos_wall)
	polyhedron([[-x1,y1,z1],[x1,y1,z1],[x2,y2,z2],[-x2,y2,z2],[-x1,y1,z3],[x1,y1,z3],[x2,y2,z3],[-x2,y2,z3]], [[0,3,2,1],[2,3,7,6],[1,2,6,5],[0,1,5,4],[0,4,7,3],[4,5,6,7]], convexity=20);

	translate([0,0,-(tube_diameter+backlash/2+6)/2])
	cube(tube_diameter+backlash/2+6,center=true);

    // nuts
	translate([0,0,2])
	triangle()
	cylinder(r=hex_nut_width*sqrt(1.25)/2+backlash,h=3.1,$fn=6);
}

module triangle(offset=0)
for(a=[30:120:359])
rotate([0,0,a])
translate([tube_diameter/2+hex_nut_width/2+3.55+offset,0,0])
rotate([0,0,30])
children(0);

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to generate some gears in OpenSCAD and I need a little help with the code. I want to be able to make spur gears, cog gears, single helix gears, and double helix gears, all parametrically. I'd also like to optionally include a hole in the center of each gear. I'm going to need parameters for the height of the gear, the type of gear (spur, cog, single helix, or double helix), the number of teeth, whether to include a hole, the size of that hole if it is included, and a scale factor which I'll use later. The scale factor should be set to 100 by default, but I need it to be a variable so I can change it. For double helix gears, I will need an additional parameter for a rotation offset for the second helix. I need to be able to change this. I'm not sure how to write the involute tooth profile function so I could use some help there.

I want to be able to select a gear type by using a string like "Spur", "Cog", etc. and a variable called `type`. The `teeth` variable should use an integer, let's say between 18 and 100. The `hole` variable should use strings "Yes" or "No". The `holeSize` should be a floating point number. The height should be an integer.  The `rotate_Offset_double_Helix_only` parameter should be an integer, probably between 0 and 20. The `scale` variable will be an integer, but I don't want the user to change this unless they absolutely know what they are doing.

I'd like to use the `linear_extrude` function with `twist` to make helical gears. Also, I'm going to need the `involute_intersect_angle` function to create the gear teeth.  I think I will also need to convert from polar to cartesian coordinates, so that function will be necessary too. Can you provide the full code for these functions and the modules?

[Assistant]
Gears.scad:
```
height = 5;
type = "Spur"; // [Spur,Cog,Double Helix, Single Helix]
teeth = 75;	//	[18:100]

hole = "Yes"; //[Yes,No]
rotate_Offset_double_Helix_only = 5; //[0:20]

holeSize = 1.5;//don't make too big or your gear will disappear
scale = 100;//this is here temperarily I would not reccomend changing!

if (type == "Spur")
{
if(hole == "Yes")
{
hole();
}
else
{
spur();
}
}
else if(type == "Cog")
{
if(hole == "Yes")
{
hole();
}
else
{
cog();
}
}
else if(type == "Double Helix")
{

if(hole == "Yes")
{
hole();
}
else
{
double_helix();
}
}
else if (type == "Single Helix")
{
if(hole == "Yes")
{
hole();
}
else
{
single_helix();
}
}

module gear(number_of_teeth,
		circular_pitch=false, diametral_pitch=false,
		pressure_angle=20, clearance = 0)
{

	//Convert diametrial pitch to our native circular pitch
	circular_pitch = (circular_pitch!=false?circular_pitch:180/diametral_pitch);

	// Pitch diameter: Diameter of pitch circle.
	pitch_diameter  =  number_of_teeth * circular_pitch / 180;
	pitch_radius = pitch_diameter/2;

	// Base Circle
	base_diameter = pitch_diameter*cos(pressure_angle);
	base_radius = base_diameter/2;

	// Diametrial pitch: Number of teeth per unit length.
	pitch_diametrial = number_of_teeth / pitch_diameter;

	// Addendum: Radial distance from pitch circle to outside circle.
	addendum = 1/pitch_diametrial;

	//Outer Circle
	outer_radius = pitch_radius+addendum;
	outer_diameter = outer_radius*2;

	// Dedendum: Radial distance from pitch circle to root diameter
	dedendum = addendum + clearance;

	// Root diameter: Diameter of bottom of tooth spaces.
	root_radius = pitch_radius-dedendum;
	root_diameter = root_radius * 2;

	half_thick_angle = 360 / (4 * number_of_teeth);

	union()
	{
		rotate(half_thick_angle) circle($fn=number_of_teeth*2, r=root_radius*1.001);

		for (i= [1:number_of_teeth])
		//for (i = [0])
		{
			rotate([0,0,i*360/number_of_teeth])
			{
				involute_gear_tooth(
					pitch_radius = pitch_radius,
					root_radius = root_radius,
					base_radius = base_radius-6,
					outer_radius = outer_radius,
					half_thick_angle = half_thick_angle);
			}
		}
	}
}

module involute_gear_tooth(
					pitch_radius,
					root_radius,
					base_radius,
					outer_radius,
					half_thick_angle
					)
{
	pitch_to_base_angle  = involute_intersect_angle( base_radius, pitch_radius );

	outer_to_base_angle = involute_intersect_angle( base_radius/2, outer_radius*1);

	base1 = 0 - pitch_to_base_angle - half_thick_angle;
	pitch1 = 0 - half_thick_angle;
	outer1 = outer_to_base_angle - pitch_to_base_angle - half_thick_angle;

	b1 = polar_to_cartesian([ base1, base_radius ]);
	p1 = polar_to_cartesian([ pitch1, pitch_radius ]);
	o1 = polar_to_cartesian([ outer1, outer_radius ]);

	b2 = polar_to_cartesian([ -base1, base_radius ]);
	p2 = polar_to_cartesian([ -pitch1, pitch_radius ]);
	o2 = polar_to_cartesian([ -outer1, outer_radius ]);

	// ( root_radius > base_radius variables )
		pitch_to_root_angle = pitch_to_base_angle - involute_intersect_angle(base_radius, root_radius );
		root1 = pitch1 - pitch_to_root_angle;
		root2 = -pitch1 + pitch_to_root_angle;
		r1_t =  polar_to_cartesian([ root1, root_radius ]);
		r2_t =  polar_to_cartesian([ -root1, root_radius ]);

	// ( else )
		r1_f =  polar_to_cartesian([ base1, root_radius ]);
		r2_f =  polar_to_cartesian([ -base1, root_radius ]);

	if (root_radius > base_radius)
	{
		//echo("true");
		polygon( points = [
			r1_t,p1,o1,o2,p2,r2_t
		], convexity = 3);
	}
	else
	{
		polygon( points = [
			r1_f, b1,p1,o1,o2,p2,b2,r2_f
		], convexity = 3);
	}

}

// Mathematical Functions
//===============

// Finds the angle of the involute about the base radius at the given distance (radius) from it's center.
//source: http://www.mathhelpforum.com/math-help/geometry/136011-circle-involute-solving-y-any-given-x.html

function involute_intersect_angle(base_radius, radius) = sqrt( pow(radius/base_radius,2) - 1);

// Polar coord [angle, radius] to cartesian coord [x,y]

function polar_to_cartesian(polar) = [
	polar[1]*cos(polar[0]),
	polar[1]*sin(polar[0])
];

// Test Cases
//===============

module test_gears()
{
	gear(number_of_teeth=51,circular_pitch=200);
	translate([0, 50])gear(number_of_teeth=17,circular_pitch=200);
	translate([-50,0]) gear(number_of_teeth=17,diametral_pitch=1);
}
module cog()
{
		gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);

}
module single_helix()
{
	translate([50,0]);
	{
	linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
	}
}
module double_helix()
{

linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
	translate([0,0,height])
	rotate([0,0,rotate_Offset_double_Helix_only])
 linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);

}
module spur()
{

		translate([0,0]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=1);

}

module demo_3d_gears()
{
	//double helical gear
	// (helics don't line up perfectly - for display purposes only ;)
	translate([50,0])
	{
	linear_extrude(height = 10, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=17,diametral_pitch=1);
	translate([0,0,10]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=17,diametral_pitch=1);
	}

	//spur gear
	translate([0,-50]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=17,diametral_pitch=1);

}
module hole() {
   difference() {
if(type == "Spur")
{
translate([0,0]) linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=1);
}
else if(type == "Cog")
{
gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
}
else if (type == "Double Helix")
{
linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
	translate([0,0,height])
	rotate([0,0,rotate_Offset_double_Helix_only])
 linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = 45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);

}
else if (type == "Single Helix")
{
linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10, twist = -45)
	 gear(number_of_teeth=teeth,diametral_pitch=scale/100);
}
# rotate ([0,0,0]) cylinder (h = height*4, r=holeSize, center = true, $fn=100);
}
}

module test_involute_curve()
{
	for (i=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15])
	{
		translate(polar_to_cartesian([involute_intersect_angle( 0.1,i) , i ])) circle($fn=15, r=0.5);
	}
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a parametric vase, or maybe a pencil cup, that can also act as a kind of decorative art piece. I'd like to be able to adjust quite a few things to get different looks.

The core shape should start with a square that's repeated around the central axis. I need a parameter for the base square size. I want to be able to control how many of these squares I use, so a loop count or iteration parameter is important, which should translate directly into number of "corners" on the final object by multiplying by 4. I'd like to be able to offset these squares with a radius setting, to control how rounded or square the finished form is.

Then, I need to extrude that shape upwards and I want a twist parameter to rotate the shape as it extrudes. I'd like to be able to choose to twist clockwise, counterclockwise, or apply both twists, one inside the other. The twist should be controlled by a degree parameter. There should also be a scale parameter to allow for a flared or tapered shape during the extrusion.

Finally, I want control over the wall thickness and total height. Also a separate parameter for the bottom floor thickness, to allow for either a very shallow container or even a bottomless decorative piece. I need a smoothness parameter too for the number of segments used to render the circular parts.

I think that should do it. I am not looking for any particular extra features. Could you generate the scad code for that? I'm not looking to use any outside library, but if you would find it useful please do.

[Assistant]
vase-o-matic.scad:
```
// Base square size
square_size = 50;  //[1:100]

// Outer radius
outer_rad = 10; // [1:100]

// Loop iterations - This value times 4 = number of "corners"
iterations = 1;  // [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

// Which direction to twist?
which_twists = 1; // [1:positive, 2:negative, 3:both]

// Degrees of twist
twist_deg = 90; // [0:720]

// Base shell thickness
base_shell_thickness = 3; // [0.5:10]

// Height
vase_h = 120; // [1:300]

// Floor thickness
floor_thickness = 10; // [0:300]

// Flare / taper
scale_factor = 1; // [0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,1.75,2]

// Smoothness
smoothness = 18; // [4:36]
$fn = smoothness;

inner_rad = outer_rad - base_shell_thickness;

module base_solid() {
    if ((which_twists == 1) || (which_twists == 3)) {
        linear_extrude(height = vase_h, twist = twist_deg, slices = 60, scale = scale_factor) {
            offset(r = outer_rad) {
                for (i = [0 : iterations - 1]) {
                    rotate([0,0,(i - 1) * 90/iterations]) square(square_size, center = true);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if ((which_twists == 2) || (which_twists == 3)) {
        linear_extrude(height = vase_h, twist = -1 * twist_deg, slices = 60, scale = scale_factor) {
            offset(r = outer_rad) {
                for (i = [0 : iterations - 1]) {
                    rotate([0,0,(i - 1) * 90/iterations]) square(square_size, center = true);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module negative_space() {
    difference() {
        union(){
            if ((which_twists == 1) || (which_twists == 3)) {
                linear_extrude(height = vase_h + 0.001, twist = twist_deg, slices = 60, scale = scale_factor) {
                    offset(r = inner_rad) {
                        for (i = [0 : iterations - 1]) {
                            rotate([0,0,(i - 1) * 90/iterations]) square(square_size, center = true);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ((which_twists == 2) || (which_twists == 3)) {
                linear_extrude(height = vase_h + 0.001, twist = twist_deg * -1, slices = 60, scale = scale_factor) {
                    offset(r = inner_rad) {
                        for (i = [0 : iterations - 1]) {
                            rotate([0,0,(i - 1) * 90/iterations]) square(square_size, center = true);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        cube([(square_size + outer_rad) * 2, (square_size + outer_rad)* 2, floor_thickness * 2], center = true);
    }
}

difference(){
    base_solid();
    negative_space();
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a parametric spool hub, similar to the one described in the provided information. I need it to be adjustable for different spool hole diameters, internal spool wall thicknesses, and most importantly, the diameter of the threaded rod or spindle it will mount on. I don't need to accommodate a bearing like the original design did, and I want to make sure the hole for the threaded rod is adjustable using a parameter.

So, the key parameters should be:

*   `spool_hole_diam`: the diameter of the hole in the center of the spool.
*   `spool_wall_thickness`: the thickness of the inner wall of the hub that interfaces with the spool.
*   `threaded_rod_radius`: the radius of the hole through the hub for mounting on a threaded rod or spindle.

I'd like the hub to have a few features for strength and rigidity. The existing design includes some torus-shaped ridges as well as a kind of base. I think it would be good to include similar support features.

I would like the design to use `rotate_extrude` to create those torus shapes. Also, I would like cutouts to be included in the design for faster printing and less material. I would like to have these same cutouts to cut through the various components to have one set of cutouts for all of the components. In the existing design it calls the `cutouts` module multiple times.

I'm not using any external libraries. Could you create this for me?

[Assistant]
parametric_spool_hub_remix.scad:
```
//-- Parametric Spool Hub with 608zz bearing
//-- remixed from thing #545954 by mateddy (James Lee)
//-- redesigned from thing #27139 by QuantumConcepts (Josh McCullough)
//-- and also based on a brilliant design by Sylvain Rochette (labidus),
//-- Thingiverse thing #596838.
//-- AndrewBCN - Barcelona, Spain - December 2014
//-- Eric Gustafson - March 2015 remix of thing #605360 .. changed code to have bearing diameter match threded rod diameter - I do not want to use a bearing/threded rod but wanted to reduce the spindle hole in my filament spool.. needed to increase the size of the threded rod opening to allow my exsiting factory spool holder to be used.
//-- GPLV3

// Parameters

// Spool Hole Diameter
spool_hole_diam = 53.5; // [40.0:60.0]
// Internal Spool Thickness
spool_wall_thickness=9; // [5.0:12.0]
//Threaded Rod Radius
threaded_rod_radius = 15;  // [1.0:15.0]

/* [Hidden] */
//-- the rest are not adjustable

r_spool = 45; // radius of spool hub
edge_cut=1;   // decreases by edge edge_cut

h = 20;
w = 20;

//br = 11.1; // bearing radius with tolerance for insertion
br=threaded_rod_radius;
bh = 7;     // bearing height

//threaded_rod_radius = 4.3;  // threaded rod radius + ample tolerance
t = 4;
e = 0.02;

$fn = 64;

// Modules

module cutouts() {
  // make four cutouts (yes, I know I should use a for loop)
  cube([5,100,50], center=true);
  cube([100,5,50], center=true);
  rotate([0,0,45]) cube([5,100,50], center=true);
  rotate([0,0,45]) cube([100,5,50], center=true);
}

module new_hub() {
  difference () {
    union() {
      // base
      difference() {
	cylinder(r=spool_hole_diam/2 + 4, h=3);
	// space for bearing
	translate([0,0,-e]) cylinder(r=br+e, h=h+e);
	cutouts();
      }
      // core which holds 608ZZ bearing
      hub_core();
      // wall
      difference() {
	cylinder(r=spool_hole_diam/2, h=5+spool_wall_thickness, $fn=100);
	translate([0,0,-e]) cylinder(r=spool_hole_diam/2-2, h=6+spool_wall_thickness+1);
	cutouts();
      }
      // torus-shaped ridge using rotate_extrude, yeah!!
      difference() {
	translate([0,0,4.8+spool_wall_thickness])
	  rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn=64)
	  translate([spool_hole_diam/2-0.7, 0, 0])
	    circle(r = 1.7, $fn=64);
	translate([0,0,-e]) cylinder(r=spool_hole_diam/2-2, h=6+spool_wall_thickness+1);
	cutouts();
      }
      // torus-shaped reinforcement
      difference() {
	translate([0,0,3.4])
	  rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn=64)
	  translate([br+4.3, 0, 0])
	    circle(r = 2, $fn=16);
	cutouts();
      }
      // another torus-shaped reinforcement
      difference() {
	translate([0,0,3.4])
	  rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn=64)
	  translate([spool_hole_diam/2-2.1, 0, 0])
	    circle(r = 2, $fn=16);
	cutouts();
      }
    }
  // extra hole at 12 o'clock position
  translate ([0,spool_hole_diam/2+3.9,-1 ]) cylinder(r=5.8, h=40);
  }
}

module hub_core() {
  intersection() {
    difference() {
      cylinder(r1=r_spool, r2=threaded_rod_radius, h=h);

      // eliminate sharp edge at top
      translate([0,0,h-0.2+1]) cube([100,100,2], center=true);

      // space for bearing
      translate([0,0,-e]) intersection() {
	cylinder(r=br+e, h=h+e);
	cylinder(r1=br+bh+e, r2=threaded_rod_radius, h=br+bh-threaded_rod_radius+e);
      }
      // central hole for threaded rod
      cylinder(r=threaded_rod_radius, h=h+e);
    }
  cylinder(r=br+t, h=h);
  }
}

// Print the part

new_hub();

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a parametric spool that mounts to Pololu motor hubs, similar to the design here: [link to thingiverse page or other reference if needed]. I'd like it to be customizable with a few key parameters, and support a few different Pololu hub types.

Specifically, I need the following parameters:

*   `Polygon_Count`: Controls the smoothness of the circular parts. I'd like it to be a variable with options for low, medium, high, and insane settings (e.g., 32, 64, 128, 256), and use `$fn` to control polygon count.
*   `spoolR`: Radius of the spool (between the bevelled edges).
*   `Num_holes`: The number of mounting screw holes for the Pololu hub (3, 4, or 6).
*   `spoolW`: Width of the spool between the bevelled edges.
*   `coneW`: Width of the cone shape.
*   `edgeW`: Width of the edge rim.
*   `String_Diameter`: Diameter of the holes for attaching string or wire.

I'd like the code to automatically calculate a few other values based on those input parameters:
* `holeR`: The radius of the screw holes. This changes depending on `Num_holes` (9.5 for 6 holes, 6.35 for 4 holes, and 6.2 for 3 holes).
* `smallHubR`: Radius of the central hub.  It is 6.5 for 6 holes, 1 for 4 holes, and 19/2 for 3 holes.
* `screwOffset`: The offset of the screw holes (0 for 6 holes, 20 for others)
*   `hubOD`: The outer diameter of the motor hub mount (26.5 for 6 holes, 20 for 4 holes, and 22 for 3 holes).
*   `OR`: The overall radius of the spool.
* `bConeR`: The radius of the bevel. Use min(spoolW, 15)
* `rimW`: The width of the rim
* `maxW`: Total width of spool + edge
* `stringR`: Radius of the string hole
* `cutoutH`: Height of the cutout
* `supR`: Radius of the support cylinders
* `cubeSide`: Side length of the cutout cube
* `Y`: Distance between origin and string hole opening
* `numSidesSup`: The polygon count of support

The design should consist of:

*   A central cylinder for the spool.
*   Cones on either side of the spool, connecting to a wider edge/rim.
*   A hub mount on one side (designed to accommodate the different Pololu hub patterns based on `Num_holes`).  Make sure to include screw hole cutouts and support for the hub. There should be a small cylindrical hub and a gap for machine screws.
*   Two string/wire holes with strain relief (the cutouts).

Can you generate an OpenSCAD file for this? I don't need to attach any of the libraries since this is just a standard part, but I would like to see which standard libraries you use.

[Assistant]
Polulu_spool_Rev_2.2.scad:
```

/*

Rev 2.2 19/8/15
-Made String_Diameter a variable for customizer, thanks weswitt for suggestion.

Rev 2.1 7/5/15
-Added support for scooter hub

Rev 2.0 6/5/15
-Added support for 5mm hubs with 4 screw holes
-general code clean up.

Rev 1.0  28/3/15
Coded by Siti

Downloaded from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:744681

**use code as you like but give credit where credit is due!**
*/
Polygon_Count = 128; // [32:low, 64:medium, 128:high, 256:insane]
$fn = Polygon_Count*1;
//Radius of spool between bevelled ends (mm).
spoolR = 15; // [14:100]
//3, 4 or 6 hole hub
Num_holes = 3;//[6,4,3]
numSides = Polygon_Count;

holeR = Num_holes==6 ? 9.5 : (Num_holes==4 ? 6.35:6.2);//PCD changes between mounts
smallHubR = Num_holes==6 ? 6.5 : (Num_holes==4 ? 1:19/2);//no small hub
screwOffset = Num_holes==6 ? 0 : 20;//grub screw holes only for 6 hole

hubOD = Num_holes==6 ? 26.5 : (Num_holes==4 ? 20:22);//OD changes

//Width of spool between bevelled ends (mm).
spoolW=15;//[2:100]
numSidesSup = numSides/2;//polygon count of support.
coneW=5*1;//conewidth
edgeW=2*1;//edgewidth
OR = spoolR+coneW;//overall radius
bConeR = min(spoolW,15);
rimW=OR-spoolR;
maxW=edgeW*2+coneW*2+spoolW+2;//total width+2
String_Diameter=2;//diameter of string hole
stringR=String_Diameter/2;//radius of string hole
cutoutH=spoolW;//height of support cutout
supR=3*1;//radius of support cylinders
cubeSide=2*spoolR*((supR+String_Diameter/2)/(spoolR-supR));//side length of cutout cube
Y=sqrt(pow(spoolR-supR,2)-pow(supR+String_Diameter/2,2)); //distance between origin and string hole opening

//cutout for string support
   module cutout()
   { union(){
       // rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=d, h=R*2+2);
difference(){
//cylindercutouts
    difference(){
   translate([0,Y+sqrt(pow(cubeSide,2)/2)-String_Diameter/2,0]) rotate([45,0,0])cube([cubeSide,cubeSide,cubeSide],center=true);

       translate([0,Y/2,0]) cube([cubeSide+2,Y,cubeSide+2], center=true);
    };//cube cutout

union(){linear_extrude(height = cutoutH, center = true, convexity = 10 )
translate([(supR+String_Diameter/2),Y,0])circle (supR,$fn=numSidesSup);
linear_extrude(height = cutoutH, center = true, convexity = 10 ) translate([-(supR+String_Diameter/2),Y,0])circle (supR,$fn=numSidesSup);
}}}}

difference(){

    //all solids to keep in this union
union(){
translate ([0,0,-spoolW/2-coneW/2])cylinder(h=coneW, r1=OR, r2=spoolR, center=true);//bottom cone
translate ([0,0,-spoolW/2-coneW-edgeW/2])cylinder (h=edgeW, r=OR, center = true);//bottom ring

  mirror([0,0,1])  translate ([0,0,-spoolW/2-coneW/2])cylinder(h=coneW, r1=OR, r2=spoolR, center=true);//top cone
mirror([0,0,1])  translate ([0,0,-spoolW/2-coneW-edgeW/2])cylinder (h=edgeW, r=OR, center = true);//top ring

difference(){
cylinder (h=spoolW, r=spoolR, center = true); //spool

union(){
rotate([0,0,360/Num_holes/2])cutout();//string support cutout
    rotate([0,0,360/Num_holes/2+180])cutout();//string support cutout
}
}
};

//objects to subtract in this union
union(){
    //insert for hub
        translate([0,0,spoolW/2+coneW+edgeW-5.2])cylinder(6,hubOD/2,hubOD/2, centre =true);

    translate ([0,0,spoolW/2+coneW+edgeW-4.6])cylinder(h=10 , r=smallHubR,center=true);//smaller hub
    translate ([0,0,spoolW/2+coneW+edgeW-5+screwOffset])rotate ([0,90,0])cube(size=[4,4,16],center=true);//gap for machine screw
        translate ([0,0,spoolW/2+coneW+edgeW-7+screwOffset])rotate ([0,90,0])cylinder(h=16 , r=2,center=true);//gap for machine screw

//holes for securing screws
for (i = [0: Num_holes-1]){
    rotate ([0,0,(360/Num_holes)*i])translate ([0,holeR,0])cylinder (h=maxW, r=1.8,$fn=numSidesSup, center = true);//threads
    rotate ([0,0,(360/Num_holes)*i])translate ([0,holeR,spoolW/2+coneW+edgeW-67])cylinder (h=100, r=3.4,center = true);//heads
    rotate ([0,0,(360/Num_holes)*i])translate ([0,holeR,spoolW/2+coneW+edgeW-17+2.99])cylinder (h=6, r1=3.4,r2=0,center = true);//heads cone

}

//bottom cone
translate ([0,0,-spoolW/2-coneW+bConeR/2])cylinder(h=bConeR, r1=bConeR, r2=0, center=true);

//bottom ring
translate ([0,0,-spoolW/2-coneW-edgeW/2])cylinder (h=edgeW+0.01, r=bConeR, center = true);

cylinder(h=maxW, r=4,center=true);//centre hole

rotate ([90,0,360/Num_holes/2]) cylinder (OR*2+2, r=stringR,center=true);//hole for string

rotate ([90,0,360/Num_holes/2]) cylinder (10, r=3,center=true);//hole for string nut
};

}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric servo mount system, and I think OpenSCAD is a good way to do this. I'd like to be able to specify servo dimensions, mounting hole positions, and the axle. This should make it easier to work with different kinds of servos later.

Specifically, I want to create a module called `servo_mount` that takes the following parameters:

*   `servo_width`: Width of the servo body.
*   `servo_length`: Length of the servo body.
*   `servo_height`: Height of the servo body.
*   `frame_length`: Total length of the mounting frame.
*   `frame_thickness`: Thickness of the mounting frame.
*   `frame_v_offset`: Vertical offset of the mounting frame from the bottom of the servo body.
*   `mounting_hole_diameter`: Diameter of the mounting holes.
*  `mounting_hole_center_x_offset`: The x-offset of the mounting holes from the edges of the servo body.
*  `mounting_hole_center_y_offset`: The y-offset of the mounting holes from the edges of the servo body.
*  `mounting_hole_slot`: How much the mounting holes are offset from the edge of the frame.
*   `axle_diameter`: Diameter of the servo output axle.
*   `axle_height`: Height of the servo output axle.
*   `axle_is_round`: Boolean: true if the axle is round, false if it is square.
*   `axle_screw_diameter`: Diameter of a hole in the axle for a screw (optional).
*  `turret_diameter`: Diameter of the turret part at the top of the servo.
*  `turret_x_margin`: How far the turret is from the x-edges of the servo body.
*  `turret_y_margin`: How far the turret is from the y-edges of the servo body.
*  `turret_height`: Height of the turret.
*   `axle_color`: Color of the axle.
*   `body_color`: Color of the servo body.
*  `frame_color`: Color of the frame.
*  `turret_color`: Color of the turret.
*   `centered`: Boolean: If true, the mount should be centered at the origin, otherwise it should be at a corner.

The module should render a servo body, a mounting frame, and a simple representation of the servo output axle. The mounting frame should have four mounting holes at the corners of the frame. I'd like the axle to be either cylindrical or a square prism, depending on `axle_is_round`. Also, make sure the axle has a hole in the middle for a screw if the `axle_screw_diameter` is set. The colors should be set using the provided parameters.

Also, I'll need a separate file for defining specific servos - for example, the MG90S servo. So create a module `mg90s()` that calls `servo_mount()` with the correct parameters for that servo. I'll define the following parameters for the `mg90s`:

```
mg90s__servo_width = 12.5;
mg90s__servo_length = 22.9;
mg90s__servo_height = 22.9;
mg90s__frame_length = 32.2;
mg90s__frame_thickness = 2.45;
mg90s__frame_v_offset = 18.5;
mg90s__mounting_hole_diameter = 2;
mg90s__mounting_hole_slot = 1;
mg90s__mounting_hole_center_x_offset = mg90s__servo_width/2;
mg90s__mounting_hole_center_y_offset = mg90s__mounting_hole_slot + mg90s__mounting_hole_diameter / 2 ;
mg90s__axle_diameter = 4.82;
mg90s__axle_height = 3.9;
mg90s__axle_screw_diameter = 2;
mg90s__turret_diameter = 11.7;
mg90s__turret_x_margin = (mg90s__servo_width - mg90s__turret_diameter) / 2;
mg90s__turret_y_margin = mg90s__servo_length - mg90s__turret_diameter;
mg90s__turret_height = 5.2;
```

I'd prefer that the `servo_mount` and `mg90s` modules be defined in separate files. Please make sure to include the `$fn=60` at the top of each file.

I don't need any external libraries, just the standard OpenSCAD functionality.

[Assistant]
servo_mockup.scad:
```
module servo_mockup(
  servo_width,
  servo_length,
  servo_height,
  frame_length,
  frame_thickness,
  frame_v_offset,
  mounting_hole_diameter,
  mounting_hole_center_x_offset,
  mounting_hole_center_y_offset,
  mounting_hole_slot,
  axle_diameter,
  axle_height,
  axle_is_round=true,
  axle_screw_diameter,
  turret_diameter,
  turret_x_margin,
  turret_y_margin,
  turret_height,
  axle_color="Silver",
  body_color="Black",
  frame_color="Black",
  turret_color="Gray",
  centered=false,
) {

  module __servo_mockup() {
    // Mock-up of the servo itself
    union() {
      // gear box
      translate([0, (frame_length - servo_length) / 2, 0]) {
        union() {
          color(body_color) {
            cube([servo_width, servo_length, servo_height]);
          }
          translate([turret_x_margin + turret_diameter / 2,
                     turret_y_margin + turret_diameter / 2,
                     servo_height]) {
            color(turret_color) {
              cylinder(r=(turret_diameter / 2), h=turret_height);
            }
            translate([0, 0, turret_height]) {
              difference() {
                color(axle_color) {
                  servo_axle(axle_diameter, axle_height, axle_is_round);
                }
		cylinder(r=(axle_hole_diameter / 2), h=axle_height);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      // support frame
      translate([0, 0, frame_v_offset]) {
        difference() {
          color(frame_color) {
            cube([servo_width, frame_length, frame_thickness]);
          }
          for (y = [0, 1]) {
            for (x = [0, 1]) {
              translate([x * servo_width + (-2 * x + 1) * mounting_hole_center_x_offset,
                         y * frame_length + (-2 * y + 1) * mounting_hole_center_y_offset,
                         0]) {
                cylinder(r=(mounting_hole_diameter / 2), h=(3 * frame_thickness), center=true);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (centered) {
    translate([-(servo_width / 2),
               -((frame_length - servo_length) / 2 + turret_y_margin + turret_diameter / 2),
               -servo_height]) {
      __servo_mockup();
    }
  } else {
    __servo_mockup();
  }
}

module servo_axle(axle_diameter,  // or diagonal
                  axle_height,
                  axle_is_round=true) {  // overshoot
  if (axle_is_round) {
    cylinder(r=(axle_diameter / 2), h=axle_height);
  } else {
    translate([0, 0, axle_height / 2]) {
      cube([axle_diameter * .707,
            axle_diameter * .707,
            axle_height],
           center=true);
    }
  }
}

```
mg90s.scad:
```
$fn=60;

use <servo_mockup.scad>;

//
// List of servos I have.
//
// include <futaba.scad> will make these variables available

//
// MG90-S: metal-gear microservo
//
mg90s__servo_width = 12.5;
mg90s__servo_length = 22.9;
mg90s__servo_height = 22.9;
mg90s__frame_length = 32.2;
mg90s__frame_thickness = 2.45;
mg90s__frame_v_offset = 18.5;
mg90s__mounting_hole_diameter = 2;
mg90s__mounting_hole_slot = 1;
mg90s__mounting_hole_center_x_offset = mg90s__servo_width/2;
mg90s__mounting_hole_center_y_offset = mg90s__mounting_hole_slot + mg90s__mounting_hole_diameter / 2 ;
mg90s__axle_diameter = 4.82;
mg90s__axle_height = 3.9;
mg90s__axle_screw_diameter = 2;
mg90s__turret_diameter = 11.7;
mg90s__turret_x_margin = (mg90s__servo_width - mg90s__turret_diameter) / 2;
mg90s__turret_y_margin = mg90s__servo_length - mg90s__turret_diameter;
mg90s__turret_height = 5.2;

module mg90s(centered=true) {
  servo_mockup(
    servo_width = mg90s__servo_width,
    servo_length = mg90s__servo_length,
    servo_height = mg90s__servo_height,
    frame_length = mg90s__frame_length,
    frame_thickness = mg90s__frame_thickness,
    frame_v_offset = mg90s__frame_v_offset,
    mounting_hole_diameter = mg90s__mounting_hole_diameter,
    mounting_hole_center_x_offset = mg90s__mounting_hole_center_x_offset,
    mounting_hole_center_y_offset = mg90s__mounting_hole_center_y_offset,
    mounting_hole_slot = mg90s__mounting_hole_slot,
    axle_diameter = mg90s__axle_diameter,
    axle_height = mg90s__axle_height,
    axle_is_round = true,
    turret_diameter = mg90s__turret_diameter,
    turret_x_margin = mg90s__turret_x_margin,
    turret_y_margin = mg90s__turret_y_margin,
    turret_height = mg90s__turret_height,
    centered=centered);
}

mg90s();
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a 3D-printable nameplate with a sort of retro, pyramid-shaped text effect.

Basically, each letter should look like a little pyramid, made up of stacked, slightly offset versions of the text. I'd like to be able to customize the text itself, the font, the font size, and the overall height of the letters.

Here's how I'm picturing it:

*   **Text:** I need a variable for the text string itself.
*   **Font:** Should use Google fonts.
*   **Font Size:** A variable for the text size in millimeters.
*   **Text Height:** A variable for the overall height of the extruded text pyramids.
*   **Pyramid Steps:** Control how many steps it takes to go from the base to the top of the text pyramid, and how many steps to then reduce back to the original size. It should also determine how much each step is offset from the next. I'd like to adjust these steps to control the wideness or narrowness of the pyramid effect.
*   **Base Shape:** A choice of either a round offset or a straight-edged offset at each step.
*   **Offset Percentage:** A variable to control how much each step grows or shrinks in percent.

So, I want to define a text string, a font, a font size, and the extrusion height. Then I want to specify how many steps it takes to widen the font and how many to reduce it back down and how much the letters widen or reduce at each step. I also want to select between a rounded offset or a straight offset for the letters.

I think I'd need the ability to adjust the number of steps for widening the font, the number of steps for narrowing it back to the original size, and a percentage for how much each step increases or decreases the size. This will allow me to fine-tune the slope of the pyramid.

Could you create an OpenSCAD file (or files) for this?

[Assistant]
Pyramid_name_V3.scad:
```
//Set the text to render
textstring="Thing";

//Font name, e.g. "Libration Sans", "Aldo", depends on what is available on the platform. In the customizer,choose from about 700 Google Fonts. For an overview please refer: http://www.google.com/fonts
fontname="Orbitron"; //[ABeeZee,Abel,Abril Fatface,Aclonica,Acme,Actor,Adamina,Advent Pro,Aguafina Script,Akronim,Aladin,Aldrich,Alef,Alegreya,Alegreya Sans,Alegreya Sans SC,Alegreya SC,Alex Brush,Alfa Slab One,Alice,Alike,Alike Angular,Allan,Allerta,Allerta Stencil,Allura,Almendra,Almendra Display,Almendra SC,Amarante,Amaranth,Amatic SC,Amethysta,Amiri,Anaheim,Andada,Andika,Angkor,Annie Use Your Telescope,Anonymous Pro,Antic,Antic Didone,Antic Slab,Anton,Arapey,Arbutus,Arbutus Slab,Architects Daughter,Archivo Black,Archivo Narrow,Arimo,Arizonia,Armata,Artifika,Arvo,Asap,Asset,Astloch,Asul,Atomic Age,Aubrey,Audiowide,Autour One,Average,Average Sans,Averia Gruesa Libre,Averia Libre,Averia Sans Libre,Averia Serif Libre,Bad Script,Balthazar,Bangers,Basic,Battambang,Baumans,Bayon,Belgrano,Belleza,BenchNine,Bentham,Berkshire Swash,Bevan,Bigelow Rules,Bigshot One,Bilbo,Bilbo Swash Caps,Bitter,Black Ops One,Bokor,Bonbon,Boogaloo,Bowlby One,Bowlby One SC,Brawler,Bree Serif,Bubblegum Sans,Bubbler One,Buda,Buenard,Butcherman,Butterfly Kids,Cabin,Cabin Condensed,Cabin Sketch,Caesar Dressing,Cagliostro,Calligraffitti,Cambay,Cambo,Candal,Cantarell,Cantata One,Cantora One,Capriola,Cardo,Carme,Carrois Gothic,Carrois Gothic SC,Carter One,Caudex,Cedarville Cursive,Ceviche One,Changa One,Chango,Chau Philomene One,Chela One,Chelsea Market,Chenla,Cherry Cream Soda,Cherry Swash,Chewy,Chicle,Chivo,Cinzel,Cinzel Decorative,Clicker Script,Coda,Coda Caption,Codystar,Combo,Comfortaa,Coming Soon,Concert One,Condiment,Content,Contrail One,Convergence,Cookie,Copse,Corben,Courgette,Cousine,Coustard,Covered By Your Grace,Crafty Girls,Creepster,Crete Round,Crimson Text,Croissant One,Crushed,Cuprum,Cutive,Cutive Mono,Damion,Dancing Script,Dangrek,Dawning of a New Day,Days One,Dekko,Delius,Delius Swash Caps,Delius Unicase,Della Respira,Denk One,Devonshire,Dhurjati,Didact Gothic,Diplomata,Diplomata SC,Domine,Donegal One,Doppio One,Dorsa,Dosis,Dr Sugiyama,Droid Sans,Droid Sans Mono,Droid Serif,Duru Sans,Dynalight,Eagle Lake,Eater,EB Garamond,Economica,Ek Mukta,Electrolize,Elsie,Elsie Swash Caps,Emblema One,Emilys Candy,Engagement,Englebert,Enriqueta,Erica One,Esteban,Euphoria Script,Ewert,Exo,Exo 2,Expletus Sans,Fanwood Text,Fascinate,Fascinate Inline,Faster One,Fasthand,Fauna One,Federant,Federo,Felipa,Fenix,Finger Paint,Fira Mono,Fira Sans,Fjalla One,Fjord One,Flamenco,Flavors,Fondamento,Fontdiner Swanky,Forum,Francois One,Freckle Face,Fredericka the Great,Fredoka One,Freehand,Fresca,Frijole,Fruktur,Fugaz One,Gabriela,Gafata,Galdeano,Galindo,Gentium Basic,Gentium Book Basic,Geo,Geostar,Geostar Fill,Germania One,GFS Didot,GFS Neohellenic,Gidugu,Gilda Display,Give You Glory,Glass Antiqua,Glegoo,Gloria Hallelujah,Goblin One,Gochi Hand,Gorditas,Goudy Bookletter 1911,Graduate,Grand Hotel,Gravitas One,Great Vibes,Griffy,Gruppo,Gudea,Gurajada,Habibi,Halant,Hammersmith One,Hanalei,Hanalei Fill,Handlee,Hanuman,Happy Monkey,Headland One,Henny Penny,Herr Von Muellerhoff,Hind,Holtwood One SC,Homemade Apple,Homenaje,Iceberg,Iceland,IM Fell Double Pica,IM Fell Double Pica SC,IM Fell DW Pica,IM Fell DW Pica SC,IM Fell English,IM Fell English SC,IM Fell French Canon,IM Fell French Canon SC,IM Fell Great Primer,IM Fell Great Primer SC,Imprima,Inconsolata,Inder,Indie Flower,Inika,Irish Grover,Istok Web,Italiana,Italianno,Jacques Francois,Jacques Francois Shadow,Jim Nightshade,Jockey One,Jolly Lodger,Josefin Sans,Josefin Slab,Joti One,Judson,Julee,Julius Sans One,Junge,Jura,Just Another Hand,Just Me Again Down Here,Kalam,Kameron,Kantumruy,Karla,Karma,Kaushan Script,Kavoon,Kdam Thmor,Keania One,Kelly Slab,Kenia,Khand,Khmer,Khula,Kite One,Knewave,Kotta One,Koulen,Kranky,Kreon,Kristi,Krona One,La Belle Aurore,Laila,Lakki Reddy,Lancelot,Lateef,Lato,League Script,Leckerli One,Ledger,Lekton,Lemon,Liberation Sans,Libre Baskerville,Life Savers,Lilita One,Lily Script One,Limelight,Linden Hill,Lobster,Lobster Two,Londrina Outline,Londrina Shadow,Londrina Sketch,Londrina Solid,Lora,Love Ya Like A Sister,Loved by the King,Lovers Quarrel,Luckiest Guy,Lusitana,Lustria,Macondo,Macondo Swash Caps,Magra,Maiden Orange,Mako,Mallanna,Mandali,Marcellus,Marcellus SC,Marck Script,Margarine,Marko One,Marmelad,Martel Sans,Marvel,Mate,Mate SC,Maven Pro,McLaren,Meddon,MedievalSharp,Medula One,Megrim,Meie Script,Merienda,Merienda One,Merriweather,Merriweather Sans,Metal,Metal Mania,Metamorphous,Metrophobic,Michroma,Milonga,Miltonian,Miltonian Tattoo,Miniver,Miss Fajardose,Modak,Modern Antiqua,Molengo,Molle,Monda,Monofett,Monoton,Monsieur La Doulaise,Montaga,Montez,Montserrat,Montserrat Alternates,Montserrat Subrayada,Moul,Moulpali,Mountains of Christmas,Mouse Memoirs,Mr Bedfort,Mr Dafoe,Mr De Haviland,Mrs Saint Delafield,Mrs Sheppards,Muli,Mystery Quest,Neucha,Neuton,New Rocker,News Cycle,Niconne,Nixie One,Nobile,Nokora,Norican,Nosifer,Nothing You Could Do,Noticia Text,Noto Sans,Noto Serif,Nova Cut,Nova Flat,Nova Mono,Nova Oval,Nova Round,Nova Script,Nova Slim,Nova Square,NTR,Numans,Nunito,Odor Mean Chey,Offside,Old Standard TT,Oldenburg,Oleo Script,Oleo Script Swash Caps,Open Sans,Open Sans Condensed,Oranienbaum,Orbitron,Oregano,Orienta,Original Surfer,Oswald,Over the Rainbow,Overlock,Overlock SC,Ovo,Oxygen,Oxygen Mono,Pacifico,Paprika,Parisienne,Passero One,Passion One,Pathway Gothic One,Patrick Hand,Patrick Hand SC,Patua One,Paytone One,Peddana,Peralta,Permanent Marker,Petit Formal Script,Petrona,Philosopher,Piedra,Pinyon Script,Pirata One,Plaster,Play,Playball,Playfair Display,Playfair Display SC,Podkova,Poiret One,Poller One,Poly,Pompiere,Pontano Sans,Port Lligat Sans,Port Lligat Slab,Prata,Preahvihear,Press Start 2P,Princess Sofia,Prociono,Prosto One,PT Mono,PT Sans,PT Sans Caption,PT Sans Narrow,PT Serif,PT Serif Caption,Puritan,Purple Purse,Quando,Quantico,Quattrocento,Quattrocento Sans,Questrial,Quicksand,Quintessential,Qwigley,Racing Sans One,Radley,Rajdhani,Raleway,Raleway Dots,Ramabhadra,Ramaraja,Rambla,Rammetto One,Ranchers,Rancho,Ranga,Rationale,Ravi Prakash,Redressed,Reenie Beanie,Revalia,Ribeye,Ribeye Marrow,Righteous,Risque,Roboto,Roboto Condensed,Roboto Slab,Rochester,Rock Salt,Rokkitt,Romanesco,Ropa Sans,Rosario,Rosarivo,Rouge Script,Rozha One,Rubik Mono One,Rubik One,Ruda,Rufina,Ruge Boogie,Ruluko,Rum Raisin,Ruslan Display,Russo One,Ruthie,Rye,Sacramento,Sail,Salsa,Sanchez,Sancreek,Sansita One,Sarina,Sarpanch,Satisfy,Scada,Scheherazade,Schoolbell,Seaweed Script,Sevillana,Seymour One,Shadows Into Light,Shadows Into Light Two,Shanti,Share,Share Tech,Share Tech Mono,Shojumaru,Short Stack,Siemreap,Sigmar One,Signika,Signika Negative,Simonetta,Sintony,Sirin Stencil,Six Caps,Skranji,Slabo 13px,Slabo 27px,Slackey,Smokum,Smythe,Sniglet,Snippet,Snowburst One,Sofadi One,Sofia,Sonsie One,Sorts Mill Goudy,Source Code Pro,Source Sans Pro,Source Serif Pro,Special Elite,Spicy Rice,Spinnaker,Spirax,Squada One,Sree Krushnadevaraya,Stalemate,Stalinist One,Stardos Stencil,Stint Ultra Condensed,Stint Ultra Expanded,Stoke,Strait,Sue Ellen Francisco,Sunshiney,Supermercado One,Suranna,Suravaram,Suwannaphum,Swanky and Moo Moo,Syncopate,Tangerine,Taprom,Tauri,Teko,Telex,Tenali Ramakrishna,Tenor Sans,Text Me One,The Girl Next Door,Tienne,Timmana,Tinos,Titan One,Titillium Web,Trade Winds,Trocchi,Trochut,Trykker,Tulpen One,Ubuntu,Ubuntu Condensed,Ubuntu Mono,Ultra,Uncial Antiqua,Underdog,Unica One,UnifrakturCook,UnifrakturMaguntia,Unkempt,Unlock,Unna,Vampiro One,Varela,Varela Round,Vast Shadow,Vesper Libre,Vibur,Vidaloka,Viga,Voces,Volkhov,Vollkorn,Voltaire,VT323,Waiting for the Sunrise,Wallpoet,Walter Turncoat,Warnes,Wellfleet,Wendy One,Wire One,Yanone Kaffeesatz,Yellowtail,Yeseva One,Yesteryear,Zeyada]

//Set font size in mm
textsize=16;

//Text height (extrusion) in mm
textheight=4.5;

//Number of steps which widen the font
steps_bigger=8;

//Number of steps which decrease the font width
steps_smaller=1;

//select base type
basetype="round"; //[round,straight]

//Size increase/reduction in percent of the font size
change_percent=.035;
change=textsize*change_percent;

/* [Hidden] */
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
steps=steps_bigger + 1 + steps_smaller;
baseheight=textheight/steps;

/*
Pyramid Name Tag
Version 3, March 2015
Written by MC Geisler (mcgenki at gmail dot com)

This is a configurable name plate, where each letter consists of a staggered pyramid.

Have fun!

License: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

You are free to:
    Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
    Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material
    for any purpose, even commercially.
*/

module RiseText(textstr, textsize,textheight)
{
    module dotext()
    {
        text(textstr,size=textsize,font=fontname,halign="center");
    }

    for (z = [0:steps-1])
        translate([0,0,baseheight*z])
            linear_extrude(height=baseheight+.01, slices=1, $fn=32,convexity = 32)
                if (basetype=="round")
                {
                    offset(r =  (steps_bigger-z)*change )
                        dotext();
                }
                else
                {
                    offset(delta =  (steps_bigger-z)*change )
                        dotext();
                }
}

RiseText(textstring,textsize,textheight);

```


[User]
Okay, I need an OpenSCAD design for a small, customizable desiccant box, kind of like the one I've been using. I've been printing them, and it works well but I'd like to be able to tweak things easily.

Basically, the design is a box with a lid. The box has holes in the sides for airflow. The lid should fit snugly on the box, with a little clearance. I need to be able to easily change the wall thickness, the overall dimensions of the box, the size and spacing of the holes, and the clearance between the box and lid.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I want to control:

*   **Overall Dimensions:**
    *   `bottomW`: Width of the box (internal).
    *   `bottomD`: Depth of the box (internal).
    *   `bottomH`: Height of the box (internal).

*   **Lid Dimensions:** The lid should automatically calculate its dimensions based on the box size, wall thickness, and clearance.
    *   `topH`: Height of the lid. I can fix that to "wallT + 3" for now

*   **Wall Thickness & Clearance:**
    *   `wallT`: Thickness of the walls of the box and lid.
    *  `clearance`: Space between box and lid

*   **Holes:**
    *   `bottomHolesOD`: Outer diameter of the holes.
    *   `bottomHolesSpacingXY`: Spacing between holes on the X and Y axes.
    *   `bottomHolesSpacingZ`: Spacing between holes on the Z axis.

* **Output:** I'd like the option to render either just the box, just the lid, or both in the same scene, separated by a specified offset in the Y direction. Something like a `part = "both"; // [Box:Box only,Lid:Lid only,both:box and lid]` statement

So, could you generate an OpenSCAD file that allows me to control these parameters? I don't need any external libraries beyond standard OpenSCAD features. Also, I’m rendering with $fn=60.

[Assistant]
MoistureBox.scad:
```
/* [Global] */
// Which one would you like to see?
part = "both"; // [Box:Box only,Lid:Lid only,both:box and lid]

// Arc - No of facets parameter
$fn = 60;

// Wall thickness
wallT = 1.2;
// Clearance regarding box anf lid
clearance = 0.2;
// Bottom settings
// Bottom width
bottomW = 60;
// Bottom depth
bottomD = 40;
// Bottom height
bottomH = 9;

// Holes OD
bottomHolesOD = 1.8;
// Holes spacing in X and Y
bottomHolesSpacingXY = 0.8;
// Holes spacing in Z
bottomHolesSpacingZ = 0.4;

/* [Hidden] */
// Top settings
topW = bottomW + wallT*2 + clearance*2;
topD = bottomD + wallT*2 + clearance*2;
topH = 3+wallT;

module bottom() {
  difference() {
    // Add - Main cube
    cube( [bottomW, bottomD, bottomH] );
    // Remove - Main space
    translate( [wallT, wallT, wallT ] )
      cube( [bottomW-wallT*2, bottomD-wallT*2, bottomH ] );
    // Remove - Holes on X plan
    for ( iz = [ 0 : 1 : (bottomH-bottomHolesSpacingZ*2-bottomHolesOD-wallT)/bottomHolesOD ] ) {
      for ( ix = [wallT+bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD/2 : bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD : bottomW-(bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD)*2] ) {
        translate( [ix+iz%2*(bottomHolesOD+bottomHolesSpacingXY)/2,
                    -1,
                    wallT+bottomHolesSpacingZ+bottomHolesOD/2+iz*(bottomHolesSpacingZ+bottomHolesOD)
        ])
          rotate( [-90, 0, 0] ) cylinder( r=bottomHolesOD/2, h=bottomD+2 );
      }
    }
    // Remove - Holes on Y plan
    for ( iz = [ 0 : 1 : (bottomH-bottomHolesSpacingZ*2-bottomHolesOD-wallT)/bottomHolesOD ] ) {
      for ( iy = [wallT+bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD/2 : bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD : bottomD-(bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD)*2] ) {
        translate( [-1,
                    iy+iz%2*(bottomHolesOD+bottomHolesSpacingXY)/2,
                    wallT+bottomHolesSpacingZ+bottomHolesOD/2+iz*(bottomHolesSpacingZ+bottomHolesOD)
        ])
          rotate( [0, 90, 0] ) cylinder( r=bottomHolesOD/2, h=bottomW+2 );
      }
    }
  }
}

module top() {
  difference() {
    // Add - Main cube
    cube( [topW, topD, topH] );
    // Remove - Main space
    translate( [wallT+clearance, wallT+clearance, wallT ] )
      cube( [topW-(wallT+clearance)*2, topD-(wallT+clearance)*2, topH ] );
    // Remove - Holes
    for ( ix = [wallT+bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD/2 : bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD : topW-bottomHolesSpacingXY-bottomHolesOD] ) {
      for ( iy = [wallT+bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD/2 : bottomHolesSpacingXY+bottomHolesOD : topD-bottomHolesSpacingXY-bottomHolesOD] ) {
        translate( [ix, iy, -1] )
          cylinder( r=bottomHolesOD/2, h=wallT+2 );
      }
    }
  }
}

module print_part() {
  if (part == "box") {
    bottom();
  } else if (part == "lid") {
    top();
  } else if (part == "both") {
    bottom();
    translate( [0, bottomD*1.2, 0] )
      top();
  } else {
    bottom();
  }
}

print_part();
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric mount for an E3D v6 hotend, similar to the one described in this existing SCAD file, but I want it fully parameterized so I can easily adjust it for different printer setups. The key features I need are:

*   **A Base Plate:** This plate will have mounting holes for attaching to a printer. I need to be able to control the overall dimensions of the plate (length, width, and thickness), the positions of mounting holes, and the diameter and countersink dimensions for those holes. The mount will use M3 screws.
*   **A Hotend Mount:** This will hold the E3D v6 heatsink. I want to parameterize the height of the heatsink and the diameter of the heatsink grip, and I also need to control the overall height and size of the "head" of the mount where the heatsink will sit. It needs to securely hold the heatsink with pressure.
*   **A Fan Duct:** This should be attached to the main body and direct air at the nozzle. I need control over the dimensions of the fan mounting surface (for a 40mm fan, with the screw hole locations), the duct angle and outlet position, and the distance of the fan from the nozzle.

The mount should also allow for:
*   Oversizing the hotend holes to account for print shrinkage. I'd like a parameter to control the amount of this oversizing (e.g., 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mm on radii), as well as the option of no oversizing
*  An M3 screw mounting system to attach the mount to the base plate. I need control over the positioning of these screws, and their countersink dimensions as well as the nut mounting system (nut hole size and depth) on the underside of the base plate.

I'd like to have the ability to preview individual components (base, top, fan duct) separately, or a full assembly of all parts.

I do not need to be able to specify the angles of each of the 45-degree angle cuts, as they can be calculated based on the overall dimensions of the mount. I'd also like the design to follow the existing design's general shape and aesthetics, as I prefer it.

I want to use the `MCAD` library, particularly for the nut and bolt modules.

Can you provide the OpenSCAD code for this parametric design?

[Assistant]
3up_e3d_v6_mount_-_E_with_Fan_Duct.scad:
```
// 3up e3d v6 mount
// (c) by dieck, March 2015

// Licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

// What part do you want to view?
preview_part = 3; // [1:Bottom Part,2:Top Part,3: Full Assembly UNUSABLE PRINTED!,4: Fan Duct]

// Use slightly bigger fittings, to counter shrinkage at printing.
oversize = 2; // [0: No, 1: Oversize by 0.2, 2: Oversize by 0.3]

include <MCAD/nuts_and_bolts.scad>;

if (preview_part == 1) {
	bottom_half();
}
if (preview_part == 2) {
	top_half();
}
if (preview_part == 3) {
	translate([0,0,6]) full_assembly();
    // add fan duct here - full assembly is cut into bottom and top half later on.
    fanduct();

}

if (preview_part == 4) {
	rotate([45,0,0]) rotate([0,-90,0]) fanduct();
    // translate([-30, -8, 18.01]) color([0,0,0,0.25]) cube([60,30,0.1]);
}

$fn = 360;

module base_plate_with_holes() {
    difference() {
        // base plate
        cube([50,44,6], center=true);
        union() {
            // m3 holes
            translate([-31/2, -31/2, 0]) cylinder(7, r=1.6, center=true);
            translate([+31/2, -31/2, 0]) cylinder(7, r=1.6, center=true);
            translate([-31/2, +31/2, 0]) cylinder(7, r=1.6, center=true);
            translate([+31/2, +31/2, 0]) cylinder(7, r=1.6, center=true);

            // screw heads
            translate([-31/2, -31/2, +4/2]) cylinder(4, r=2.75, center=true);
            translate([+31/2, -31/2, +4/2]) cylinder(4, r=2.75, center=true);
            translate([-31/2, +31/2, +4/2]) cylinder(4, r=2.75, center=true);
            translate([+31/2, +31/2, +4/2]) cylinder(4, r=2.75, center=true);
        }
    }
}

module e3dv6_head() {

    if (oversize == 2) {
        // e3d v6 assembly
        // oversize prominent parts by 0.3 (& radius 0.3) for easier fit
        union() {
            translate([0, 4, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(4.1, r=8.3);
            translate([0, 4+5.4, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(5.4, r=6.3); // 6 -.2mm left -.2mm right
            translate([0, 4+5.4+3.3, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(3.3, r=8.3);

            // for OpenSCAD preview rendering
            color([0,1,1], 0.25) translate([0,15.69,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(15.7, r=6.3);
            color([0,1,1], 0.25) translate([0,15.69, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(3, r=8.3);
        }

    } else if (oversize == 1) {
        // e3d v6 assembly
        // oversize prominent parts by 0.2 (& radius 0.2) for easier fit
        union() {
            translate([0, 3.9, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(3.9, r=8.2);
            translate([0, 3.9+5.6, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(5.6, r=6.2); // 6 -.2mm left -.2mm right
            translate([0, 3.9+5.6+3.2, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(3.2, r=8.2);

            // for OpenSCAD preview rendering
            color([0,1,1], 0.25) translate([0,15.69,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(15.7, r=6.2);
            color([0,1,1], 0.25) translate([0,15.69, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(3, r=8.2);
        }

    } else {

        union() {
            translate([0, 3.7, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(3.7, r=8);
            translate([0, 3.7+6, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(6.0, r=6);
            translate([0, 3.7+6+3, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(3.0, r=8);

            // for OpenSCAD preview rendering
            color([0,1,1], 0.25) translate([0,15.69,0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(15.7, r=6);
            color([0,1,1], 0.25) translate([0,15.69, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(3, r=8);
        }

    }
}

module mount_head() {
    // mount head
    difference() {

        union() {
            difference() {
                union() {
                    // big block
                    translate([0,5,(22/2)-1.5]) cube([50, 14, 22+3], center=true);
                    // bottom block
                    // 5 + 14/2 + 3/2 = 13.5
                    translate([0,13.5,9.5]) cube([22, 3, 25], center=true);
                    // 45° angles
                    translate([11,12,9.5]) rotate([0,0,45]) cube([sqrt(18),sqrt(18),25], center=true);
                    translate([-11,12,9.5]) rotate([0,0,45]) cube([sqrt(18),sqrt(18),25], center=true);
                }
                // just a slice off. if I make a thinner head base, I would have to recalculate all distances, and I'm just lazy now ;)
                translate([0,-1.01,12]) cube([50,2,24], center=true);
            }

            // 45° hold
            rotate([45,-0.01,0]) cube([50,18,8], center=true);
        }

        union() {
            // top hole
            translate([0,0.05,12]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(5.1, r=5, center=true);

            translate([0,2.5,12]) e3dv6_head();

            // tilted edges
            translate([-25,5,16]) rotate([0,15,0]) cube([10,30,40], center=true);
            translate([25,5,16]) rotate([0,-15,0]) cube([10,30,40], center=true);

            // remove 45° part below the base
            translate([0,0,-8]) cube([55,55,10],center=true);

        }
    }
}

module full_assembly() {

    difference() {
        union() {
            // again, the translation is me being lazy ;)
            translate([0,0,-6]) base_plate_with_holes();
            mount_head();
        }
        union() {
            // m3 holes
            translate([-12,6,10]) cylinder(40, r=1.6, center=true);
            translate([12,6,10]) cylinder(40, r=1.6, center=true);

            // m3 screw head holes
            // 6mm base plate + 22mm mount head = 28mm, leave 1mm at bottom
            // => countersink 2mm for using m3 x 25
            // not visible if displaying only bottom part!
            translate([-12,6,22]) cylinder(3, r=2.75, center=true);
            translate([12,6,22]) cylinder(3, r=2.75, center=true);

            // nut holes
            translate([-12, 6, -3.01-6]) nutHole(3);
            translate([-12, 6, -2.01-6]) nutHole(3); // +1mm wiggle space

            translate([12, 6, -3.01-6]) nutHole(3);
            translate([12, 6, -2.01-6]) nutHole(3); // +1mm wiggle space
        }
    }

}

module bottom_half() {
    translate([0,0,6])
    difference() {
        full_assembly();
        translate([-30,-30,12]) cube(60);
    }
}

module top_half() {
    rotate([0,180,0]) translate([0,0,-22])
    difference() {
        full_assembly();
        translate([-30,-30,12-60]) cube(60);
    }
}

module fanduct1() {
    // yes, I did a crappy job here, guessing sizes sometimes instead of calculating. If you have the spare time, grab it and clean it up, that's Open Source / Creative Commons for you :)

    difference() {
        union() {
            difference() {
                // base plate
                translate([-34,0,5]) cube([50,47,4], center=true);

                // minus original assembly
                translate([0,0,5.98]) full_assembly();

                // leaves a hole from the head mount as cylinder
                translate([-12,6,2.5]) cylinder(h=6, r=2);

                // cut superflous edged
                translate([-72.01,19.3,1.02]) cube([30,5,6]);
                translate([-63.21,-1.9,1.02]) rotate([0,0,45]) cube([30,25,6]);
                translate([-79.21,-10.9,1.02]) rotate([0,0,-45]) cube([45,25,6]);

                // delete under "fan"
                translate([-41.02, -8, 20]) rotate([0,0,-45]) translate([0,-7,0]) cube([40.04,10,40.04], center=true);

            }
            // screw heads
            translate([-31/2, -31/2, +4/2+1]) cylinder(4, r=2.75-0.5, center=true);
            translate([-31/2, +31/2, +4/2+1]) cylinder(4, r=2.75-0.5, center=true);

        } // union

    // m3 holes
    translate([-31/2, -31/2, 5]) cylinder(12, r=1.6, center=true);
    translate([-31/2, +31/2, 5]) cylinder(12, r=1.6, center=true);

    // screw heads
    translate([-31/2, -31/2, 7]) cylinder(4, r=2.75, center=true);
    translate([-31/2, +31/2, 7]) cylinder(4, r=2.75, center=true);
    } // difference

    // 40x40 plate for fan
    translate([-41, -8, 27])
    union() {
        // "fan"
        rotate([0,0,-45])
        union() {
            translate([0,-7,0]) %cube([40,10,40], center=true); // show fan itself as shadow while designing
            difference() {
                cube([40,4,40], center=true);
                // fan
                rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=18, h=4 + 10 + 2, center=true);
                // screws, 3mm, mid-to-mid 32mm
                translate([-16,0,-16]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1, h=4+2, center=true);
                translate([-16,0,+16]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1, h=4+2, center=true);
                translate([+16,0,-16]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1, h=4+2, center=true);
                translate([+16,0,+16]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=1, h=4+2, center=true);

            }
        }
    }

    // duct

    // inner wall
    difference() {
        translate([-27,-23.5,7]) cube([2,71.5,40]);
        translate([-28,18.5,29.98]) cube([4,40,20]);
    }
    // edge between inner wall and fan
    translate([-28.3,-23.5,7]) cube([1.3,1.4,40]);

    // rotated part on fan attachement
    difference() {
        rotate([0,0,-45]) translate([-43.35,-33,7]) cube([2,20,23]);
        translate([-40,15,6.98]) cube([2,15,40.04]);
    }

    // top triangle on rotated part on fan attachment
    difference() {
        rotate([0,0,-45]) translate([-41.35,-32.7,30])

        // triangle:
        translate([0,16.5/2,0]) rotate([0,0,180]) translate([0,-16.5/2,0]) difference() {
            cube([2,16.5,17]);
            rotate([45.5,0,0]) translate([-0.02,0,0]) scale(sqrt(2) * 17/16.5) cube([2.04,16.5,17]);
        }

    }

    // outer wall
    translate([-42,19,7]) cube([2,28.3,23]);

    // rotated part outlet
    translate([12,40,0])
    difference() {
        rotate([0,0,-45]) translate([-43.35,-33,7]) cube([2,20,23]);
        translate([-40,15,6.98]) cube([2,15,40.04]);
        translate([-42.9,19,4]) cube([3,3,44]);
    }

    // back wall
    difference() {
        translate([-42,22,3]) cube([17,37,4]);
        translate([-44.3,45,2]) rotate([0,0,45]) cube([20,20,6]);
    }

    // front wall
    difference() {
        translate([-42,18.5,28]) cube([17,40.5,2]);
        translate([-44.3,45,27]) rotate([0,0,45]) cube([20,20,6]);
    }

    // front top
      polyhedron
    (points = [
    	   [-42,18.5,30], [-42,18.5,28],
           [-25,20.5,30], [-25,18.5,30],
           [-25,-21.2,47], [-25,-21.2,45],
           [-53.8,7.5,47], [-53.8,7.5,45]
	 ],
     faces = [
           [2,4,6], // top north
           [2,6,0], // top south,
           [1,3,2,0], // south
           [3,5,4,2], // west
           [4,5,7,6], // northeast
           [0,6,7,1], // southeast
           [3,7,5], // bottom north
           [3,1,7], // bottom south,
     ]
     );

}

module fanduct() {
  difference() {
    fanduct1();

    polyhedron
    (points = [
      	   [-42,18.5,30], [-42,18.5,130],

           [-25,20.5,30], [-25,20.5,130],
           [-25,-21.2,47], [-25,-21.2,130],
           [-53.8,7.5,47], [-53.8,7.5,130]
	 ],
     faces = [
           [2,4,6], // top north
           [2,6,0], // top south,
           [1,3,2,0], // south
           [3,5,4,2], // west
           [4,5,7,6], // northeast
           [0,6,7,1], // southeast
           [3,7,5], // bottom north
           [3,1,7], // bottom south,
     ]
     );

    // remove bottom inserts
    translate([0,0,0.02]) cube([100,100,6], center=true);

 }

  // "hotend nozzle" view, to compare with fan duct
  %translate([0,65,17]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=3, h=50);

}

```


[User]
I need a simple spacer to prevent my audio interface from getting scratched. It's basically a small cylinder with a hole through the center, and then another cylinder cut out from the inside to form a sort of annular ring shape. I've attached a SCAD file showing what I've got so far as an example, but I'd like a parametric version that's a bit more flexible to use in the future.

Specifically, I want to be able to control the following dimensions as parameters:

*   `hole_radius`: The radius of the central hole.
*   `outer_radius`: The overall outer radius of the spacer.
*   `inner_radius`: The inner radius of the ring, so the space between this and the `outer_radius` is the thickness of the ring.
*   `base_height`: The height of the base of the spacer
*   `total_height`: The total height of the spacer. The ring thickness will essentially be `total_height` - `base_height`.

I'd prefer that this is done in a single .scad file for simplicity, and please make sure that the file is well-commented. I'm not too fussy about what libraries get used, but if it makes things easier then I'm happy for you to use them as long as it does not introduce unnecessary dependencies. I prefer not to use BOSL, BOSL2, or dotSCAD, though.

[Assistant]
schroefdopje.scad:
```
$fn = 30;
// HOLE RADIUS SIZE
HOLE_R = 2.5;
// TOTAL OUTER RADIUS
OUTER_R = 6;
// INNER RADIUS FOR SCREW
INNER_R = 5;

BASE_HEIGHT = 1;
TOTAL_HEIGHT = 2;

difference() {
	cylinder(r=OUTER_R, h=TOTAL_HEIGHT);
	translate([0,0,BASE_HEIGHT])
	cylinder(r=INNER_R, h=100);
	translate([0,0,-1])
	cylinder(r=HOLE_R, h=100);
}

```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a bolt or nut-adjustable knob, something that would function similarly to a thumbscrew, but with more options for customization. I'd like to be able to control the size of the handle, the depth of the nut trap, and add decorative/gripping features. I also want it to be parametric, meaning I can adjust all the dimensions using variables.

Specifically, I want to be able to define:

*   **WrenchSize:** The size of the wrench (or nut) used to tighten it (in mm).
*   **HandleH:** The thickness/height of the handle (in mm).
*   **InnerH:** The total height of the knob, specifically, the height of the inner cylinder part that extends past the handle.
*   **HandleD:** The diameter of the handle (in mm).
*   **HoleD:** The diameter of the pass-through hole where the bolt/screw goes (in mm).
*   **NutH:** The depth of the nut trap (in mm).
*   **DecoR:** The radius of the decoration or grip feature (in mm).
*   **DecoN:** The number of decoration/grip features.
*   **DecoOS:** An offset value to control the arch of the decoration (in mm), allowing it to be more or less curved. It should be constrained to less than DecoR.
*   **DecoSu:** A value that controls the smoothness of the decorative elements (in mm), where a greater value results in a smoother connection to the handle.

The design should have a main body that incorporates the handle and a pass-through hole for the bolt/screw. It needs a hexagonal recess (nut trap) that can accommodate a nut, and I need the decorations to be added along the side of the handle. The decorations should be evenly spaced around the handle's circumference, and their arch and smoothness should be controlled by the DecoOS and DecoSu values.
I'm expecting an OpenSCAD file that I can adjust using these parameters.

[Assistant]
BoltHandle.scad:
```

//Size of the wrench used to tightnen (mm)
WrenchSize=10.2;

//Thickness of the handle piece(mm)
HandleH=5;

//Height of the inner cylinder (mm(
InnerH=10;

//Diameter of Handle piece (mm)
HandleD=25;

//Diameter of the pass-through hole (mm)
HoleD=6.5;

//Nut trap depth (mm)
NutH=4;

//Handle decoration/grip radius (mm)
DecoR=2;

//Number of Decoration/grip bites
DecoN=12;

//Decoration offset, increase to decrease the arch of decoration (mm) (<DecoR)
DecoOS=0;

//Decoration smoothness, increase to make smoother decorations (mm)
DecoSu=0;

module Handle1(D,H,dr,dn,dos,ds){
minkowski(){
	difference(){
		cylinder(r=D/2-ds, h=H);
		for (a = [0:360/dn:360]){
	           rotate([0,0,a])
	            translate([-(D-ds)/2-dos,0,-0.5]) cylinder(r=dr+ds/2,h=H+1);
	       }
		}
	//sphere(r=ds);
	cylinder(r=ds,h=1, $fn=10);
	}
}

module Handle(D,H,dr,dn,dos,ds){

if(ds>0){
	Handle1(D,H-1,dr,dn,dos,ds);
}else{
	Handle1(D,H,dr,dn,dos,ds);
}
}

module BoltHandle(WrenchSize, HandleH, TotalH, HandleD, HoleD, NutH, DecoR, DecoN,DecoOS=0,DecoSu=0){
difference(){
	union(){
		Handle(HandleD,HandleH,DecoR,DecoN,DecoOS,DecoSu);
		cylinder(r=HoleD, h = TotalH);
	}
	cylinder(r=HoleD/2,h=TotalH);
	cylinder(r=sqrt(3)*WrenchSize/3,h=NutH,$fn=6);

}
}

BoltHandle(WrenchSize,HandleH,InnerH,HandleD,HoleD,NutH,DecoR,DecoN,DecoOS,DecoSu);
```