[User]
I'd like to create a customizable ring with engraved text on both the inside and outside surfaces. I need the ability to specify the ring's inner diameter, its width, and its thickness. I'd also like to be able to independently control the text that is engraved on the inside and the outside of the ring.

For each text engraving, I need to be able to set the text string itself, the text size, and the text spacing, and to pick a font from a predefined list of choices. I also need the option to pick "other" and then enter a font from google fonts in the format "Font Name:style=StyleName". I'd also like to control the depth of the engraving on the inside and outside as a percentage of the ring thickness, but also ensure that the two depths don't interfere with each other.

I'm not sure of the math involved to calculate the number of characters that will fit on the inside and outside of the ring, so the code needs to figure that out.

Can you create an OpenSCAD design for this? I'd like it to be parametric so that all of those aspects of the ring can be customized, and so the design will be easy to modify for different size rings. Also, the OpenSCAD code should output (using echo) the number of characters that will fit on the inside and outside of the ring. I'm not sure if it matters, but the example code I've been looking at uses a fudge factor of 0.01 and also uses `$fn=40` which I also think I need in my code.

I'm hoping to publish this design online so I'd like a comment at the top with my name as the author and the license (Creative Commons - Attribution - Share Alike license (CC BY-SA 3.0)), as well as some basic versioning info so I can track changes if I make any.

Oh, and I'm not sure how to add this but it would be awesome if the text was rotated so that Thingiverse-generated STL images display it better.

[Assistant]
EngravedRing-v1p2.scad:
```
/* Engraved Ring
   by Lyl3

Creates a ring with the specified text engraved on the inside and/or outside of the band.
The engraving depth is about one third the band thickness by default so there is no
interference between the inside and outside engravings, however this can be overridden
in the advanced parameters.

This code is published at:
https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4753880
licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution - Share Alike license (CC BY-SA 3.0)

V0.1 - basic functioning code of ring
V0.2 - added basic functioning code of engraved text
V0.3 - added selection of fonts and set sane ranges for the parameters
V0.4 - fine tuned engraving
V1.0 - ready for release
V1.1 - rotated text so that Thingiverse generated STL images show it better
     - added example "use" line to use Roboto Mono Italic font from same folder as .SCAD file
V1.2 - Added advanced parameters to set the depth of the inner text and the outer text
*/

/*
In addition to fonts installed in the computer operating system you can use any font that
is in the same folder as this .SCAD file. Supported font file formats are TrueType Fonts (*.ttf)
and OpenType Fonts (*.otf). Just add a line similar to the following "use" lines, but with the
name of the font file that you want to use.
And make sure it is outside of the comment delimiters (slash-asterisk and asterisk-slash),
unlike the examples below which are within the comment delimeters and are therefore ignored.

use <RobotoMono-Italic[wght].ttf>
use <someFontFile.ttf>
*/

/* [Sizing Parameters] */

// Enter the ring size (inner diameter) (mm).
ring_size = 20.00; // [5:0.01:80]

// Enter the ring width (mm).
ring_width = 7; // [2:0.01:30]

// Enter the ring thickness (mm).
ring_thickness = 2.5; // [1:0.01:10]

/* [Inner Text Parameters] */

// Enter the text to engrave on the inside of the ring.
inner_text = "Inner  Inner  Inner";

// Enter the text size for the inner engraving.
inner_text_size = 3.5; // [1:0.1:20]

// Enter an adjustment ratio for the spacing of the inner text.
inner_text_spacing = 1; // [0.5:0.01:2]

// Choose from a small selection of fonts that should work well in this application (NOTE: Arial is not available on the Thingiverse customizer and the others are not available on the OpenSCAD customizer unless you have installed them on your computer).
inner_text_font_name = 1; // [ 0:other, 1:Roboto Mono Bold Italic, 2:Roboto Mono Bold, 3:B612 Mono Bold Italic, 4:DejaVu Sans Mono Bold Oblique, 5:FreeMono Bold Oblique, 6:IBM Plex Mono Bold Italic, 7:Liberation Mono Bold Italic, 8:Monoton, 9:NovaMono, 10:Overpass Mono Bold, 11:Rubik Mono One, 12:Space Mono Bold Italic, 13:Ubuntu Mono Bold Italic, 14:Courgette, 15:Sriracha, 16:Yellowtail, 17:Parisienne, 18:Italianno, 19:Bungee, 20:Arial Bold Italic BAD CHOICE]

// If "other" is selected above, you can specify any font available from the Google fonts repository if you are running this on the Thingiverse customizer. See https://fonts.google.com/ for available fonts. If you are running OpenSCAD on your own computer you can see the fonts available in the "Help/Font List" menu item.
inner_other_font = "New Rocker:style=Regular";

/* [Outer Text Parameters] */
// Enter the text to engrave on the outside of the ring.
outer_text = "WWWinner WWWinner WWWinner ";

// Enter the text size for the outer engraving.
outer_text_size = 3.5; // [1:0.1:20]

// Enter an adjustment ratio for the spacing of the outer text.
outer_text_spacing = 1; // [0.5:0.01:2]

// Choose from a small selection of fonts that should work well in this application (NOTE: Arial is not available on the Thingiverse customizer and the others are not available on the OpenSCAD customizer unless you have installed them on your computer).
outer_text_font_name = 1; // [ 0:other, 1:Roboto Mono Bold Italic, 2:Roboto Mono Bold, 3:B612 Mono Bold Italic, 4:DejaVu Sans Mono Bold Oblique, 5:FreeMono Bold Oblique, 6:IBM Plex Mono Bold Italic, 7:Liberation Mono Bold Italic, 8:Monoton, 9:NovaMono, 10:Overpass Mono Bold, 11:Rubik Mono One, 12:Space Mono Bold Italic, 13:Ubuntu Mono Bold Italic, 14:Courgette, 15:Sriracha, 16:Yellowtail, 17:Parisienne, 18:Italianno, 19:Bungee, 20:Arial Bold Italic BAD CHOICE]

// If "other" is selected above, you can specify any font available from the Google fonts repository if you are running this on the Thingiverse customizer. See https://fonts.google.com/ for available fonts. If you are running OpenSCAD on your own computer you can see the fonts available in the "Help/Font List" menu item.
outer_other_font = "New Rocker:style=Regular";

/* [Advanced Parameters] */

// Enter the depth of the inner text as a percentage of the ring thickness. WARNING: this parameter and the next should not total more than 100 or the inside and outside text may cut into each other. Practically they should not even total more than 90.
inner_text_depth = 30; // [10:1:90]

// Enter the depth of the outer text as a percentage of the ring thickness. WARNING: this parameter and the previous should not total more than 100 or the inside and outside text may cut into each other. Practically they should not even total more than 90.
outer_text_depth = 30; // [10:1:90]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=40;
fudge = 0.01;

ringWidthScale = ring_width/ring_thickness;
innerRadius = ring_size/2+fudge;
outerRadius = ring_size/2+ring_thickness+fudge;
innerTextDepth = ring_thickness*inner_text_depth/100;
outerTextDepth = ring_thickness*outer_text_depth/100;

// Divide the circumferance into an integral number of characters
inner_step_angle = 360 / 78 * inner_text_size * inner_text_spacing * 20/ring_size;
num_inner_chars = floor(360 / inner_step_angle);
innerStepAngle = 360 / floor(360 / inner_step_angle);

outer_step_angle = 360 / 96 * outer_text_size * outer_text_spacing * 20/ring_size;
num_outer_chars = floor(360 / outer_step_angle);
outerStepAngle = 360 / num_outer_chars;

echo ("Inner characters:", num_inner_chars, "Outer characters:", num_outer_chars);

// This convoluted way of selecting the font from an array was a requirement introduced by a change
// on the Thingiverse customizer that broke the ability to directly select fonts with a style specified.
// This issue was first noticed 2010-02-26 and probably happened within the two months prior to that date.
fontNames = ["other", "Roboto Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Roboto Mono:style=Bold", "B612 Mono:style=Bold Italic", "DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Bold Oblique", "FreeMono:style=Bold Oblique", "IBM Plex Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Liberation Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Monoton:style=Regular", "NovaMono:style=Regular", "Overpass Mono:style=Bold", "Rubik Mono One:style=Regular", "Space Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Ubuntu Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Courgette:style=Regular", "Sriracha:style=Regular", "Yellowtail:style=Regular", "Parisienne:style=Regular", "Italianno:style=Regular", "Bungee:style=Regular", "Arial:style=Bold Italic"];

innerSelectedFont = (inner_text_font_name==0) ? inner_other_font : fontNames[inner_text_font_name];
outerSelectedFont = (outer_text_font_name==0) ? outer_other_font : fontNames[outer_text_font_name];

// *****
// Create the model
// *****
rotate([0,0,-90]) translate([0,0,ring_width/2]) difference() {
  // Create the ring
  scale ([1,1,ringWidthScale]) rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 100)
    translate([(ring_size+ring_thickness)/2, 0, 0])
  circle(d = ring_thickness, $fn = 100);
  // Engrave the inner text
  for(c = [0:max(0,len(inner_text)-1)]) {
    rotate([0, 0, 180-c*innerStepAngle]) translate([innerRadius+innerTextDepth, 0, -inner_text_size/2])
      rotate([90, 0, -90])
        linear_extrude(ring_thickness*1.1)
          text(inner_text[c], font=innerSelectedFont, size = inner_text_size, valign = "baseline", halign = "center");
  }
  // Engrave the outer text
  for(c = [0:max(0,len(outer_text)-1)]) {
    rotate([0, 0, -90+c*outerStepAngle]) translate([outerRadius-outerTextDepth, 0, -outer_text_size/2])
      rotate([90, 0, 90])
        linear_extrude(ring_thickness*1.1)
          text(outer_text[c], font=outerSelectedFont, size = outer_text_size, valign = "baseline", halign = "center");
  }
}
 // %cube(ring_size/2);
 // %sphere(radius);
```
EngravedRing-v1p1.scad:
```
/* Engraved Ring
   by Lyl3

Creates a ring with the specified text engraved on the inside and/or outside of the band.
The engraving is one third the band thickness so there is no interference
between the inside and outside engravings.

This code is published at:
https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4753880
licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution - Share Alike license (CC BY-SA 3.0)

V0.1 - basic functioning code of ring
V0.2 - added basic functioning code of engraved text
V0.3 - added selection of fonts and set sane ranges for the parameters
V0.4 - fine tuned engraving
V1.0 - ready for release
V1.1 - rotated text so that Thingiverse generated STL images show it better
     - added lines to use Roboto Mono Italic and Roboto Mono fonts from same folder as .SCAD file
*/

/*
In addition to fonts installed in the computer operating system you can use any font that
is in the same folder as this .SCAD file. Just add a line similar to the following "use" line,
but with the name of the font file that you want to use.
And make sure it is outside of the comment delimiters (slash-asterisk and asterisk-slash),
unlike the example below which is within the comment delimeters and is therefore ignored.

use <RobotoMono-Italic[wght].ttf>
*/

/* [Sizing Parameters] */

// Enter the ring size (inner diameter) (mm).
ring_size = 20.00; // [5:0.01:80]

// Enter the ring width (mm).
ring_width = 7; // [2:0.01:30]

// Enter the ring thickness (mm).
ring_thickness = 2.5; // [1:0.01:10]

/* [Inner Text Parameters] */

// Enter the text to engrave on the inside of the ring.
inner_text = "Inner  Inner  Inner";

// Enter the text size for the inner engraving.
inner_text_size = 3.5; // [1:0.1:20]

// Enter an adjustment ratio for the spacing of the inner text.
inner_text_spacing = 1; // [0.5:0.01:2]

// Choose from a small selection of fonts that should work well in this application (NOTE: Arial is not available on the Thingiverse customizer and the others are not available on the OpenSCAD customizer unless you have installed them on your computer).
inner_text_font_name = 1; // [ 0:other, 1:Roboto Mono Bold Italic, 2:Roboto Mono Bold, 3:B612 Mono Bold Italic, 4:DejaVu Sans Mono Bold Oblique, 5:FreeMono Bold Oblique, 6:IBM Plex Mono Bold Italic, 7:Liberation Mono Bold Italic, 8:Monoton, 9:NovaMono, 10:Overpass Mono Bold, 11:Rubik Mono One, 12:Space Mono Bold Italic, 13:Ubuntu Mono Bold Italic, 14:Courgette, 15:Sriracha, 16:Yellowtail, 17:Parisienne, 18:Italianno, 19:Bungee, 20:Arial Bold Italic BAD CHOICE]

// If "other" is selected above, you can specify any font available from the Google fonts repository if you are running this on the Thingiverse customizer. See https://fonts.google.com/ for available fonts. If you are running OpenSCAD on your own computer you can see the fonts available in the "Help/Font List" menu item.
inner_other_font = "New Rocker:style=Regular";

/* [Outer Text Parameters] */
// Enter the text to engrave on the outside of the ring.
outer_text = "WWWinner WWWinner WWWinner ";

// Enter the text size for the outer engraving.
outer_text_size = 3.5; // [1:0.1:20]

// Enter an adjustment ratio for the spacing of the outer text.
outer_text_spacing = 1; // [0.5:0.01:2]

// Choose from a small selection of fonts that should work well in this application (NOTE: Arial is not available on the Thingiverse customizer and the others are not available on the OpenSCAD customizer unless you have installed them on your computer).
outer_text_font_name = 1; // [ 0:other, 1:Roboto Mono Bold Italic, 2:Roboto Mono Bold, 3:B612 Mono Bold Italic, 4:DejaVu Sans Mono Bold Oblique, 5:FreeMono Bold Oblique, 6:IBM Plex Mono Bold Italic, 7:Liberation Mono Bold Italic, 8:Monoton, 9:NovaMono, 10:Overpass Mono Bold, 11:Rubik Mono One, 12:Space Mono Bold Italic, 13:Ubuntu Mono Bold Italic, 14:Courgette, 15:Sriracha, 16:Yellowtail, 17:Parisienne, 18:Italianno, 19:Bungee, 20:Arial Bold Italic BAD CHOICE]

// If "other" is selected above, you can specify any font available from the Google fonts repository if you are running this on the Thingiverse customizer. See https://fonts.google.com/ for available fonts. If you are running OpenSCAD on your own computer you can see the fonts available in the "Help/Font List" menu item.
outer_other_font = "New Rocker:style=Regular";

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=40;
fudge = 0.01;

ringWidthScale = ring_width/ring_thickness;
radius = (ring_size+ring_thickness)/2+fudge;
textThickness = ring_thickness/3;

// Divide the circumferance into an integral number of characters
inner_step_angle = 360 / 78 * inner_text_size * inner_text_spacing * 20/ring_size;
num_inner_chars = floor(360 / inner_step_angle);
innerStepAngle = 360 / floor(360 / inner_step_angle);

outer_step_angle = 360 / 96 * outer_text_size * outer_text_spacing * 20/ring_size;
num_outer_chars = floor(360 / outer_step_angle);
outerStepAngle = 360 / num_outer_chars;

echo ("Inner characters:", num_inner_chars, "Outer characters:", num_outer_chars);

// This convoluted way of selecting the font from an array was a requirement introduced by a change
// on the Thingiverse customizer that broke the ability to directly select fonts with a style specified.
// This issue was first noticed 2010-02-26 and probably happened within the two months prior to that date.
fontNames = ["other", "Roboto Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Roboto Mono:style=Bold", "B612 Mono:style=Bold Italic", "DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Bold Oblique", "FreeMono:style=Bold Oblique", "IBM Plex Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Liberation Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Monoton:style=Regular", "NovaMono:style=Regular", "Overpass Mono:style=Bold", "Rubik Mono One:style=Regular", "Space Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Ubuntu Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Courgette:style=Regular", "Sriracha:style=Regular", "Yellowtail:style=Regular", "Parisienne:style=Regular", "Italianno:style=Regular", "Bungee:style=Regular", "Arial:style=Bold Italic"];

innerSelectedFont = (inner_text_font_name==0) ? inner_other_font : fontNames[inner_text_font_name];
outerSelectedFont = (outer_text_font_name==0) ? outer_other_font : fontNames[outer_text_font_name];

// *****
// Create the model
// *****
rotate([0,0,-90]) translate([0,0,ring_width/2]) difference() {
  // Create the ring
  scale ([1,1,ringWidthScale]) rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 100)
    translate([(ring_size+ring_thickness)/2, 0, 0])
  circle(d = ring_thickness, $fn = 100);
  // Engrave the inner text
  for(c = [0:max(0,len(inner_text)-1)]) {
    rotate([0, 0, 180-c*innerStepAngle]) translate([radius-ring_thickness/3/1.5, 0, -inner_text_size/2])
      rotate([90, 0, -90])
        linear_extrude(textThickness*1.5)
          text(inner_text[c], font=innerSelectedFont, size = inner_text_size, valign = "baseline", halign = "center");
  }
  // Engrave the outer text
  for(c = [0:max(0,len(outer_text)-1)]) {
    rotate([0, 0, -90+c*outerStepAngle]) translate([radius+ring_thickness/6, 0, -outer_text_size/2])
      rotate([90, 0, 90])
        linear_extrude(textThickness*1.5)
          text(outer_text[c], font=outerSelectedFont, size = outer_text_size, valign = "baseline", halign = "center");
  }
}
 // %cube(ring_size/2);
 // %sphere(radius);
```
EngravedRing-v1p0.scad:
```
/* Engraved Ring
   by Lyl3

Creates a ring with the specified text engraved on the inside and/or outside of the band.
The engraving is one third the band thickness so there is no interference
between the inside and outside engravings.

This code is published at:
https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4753880
licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution - Share Alike license (CC BY-SA 3.0)

V0.1 - basic functioning code of ring
V0.2 - added basic functioning code of engraved text
V0.3 - added selection of fonts and set sane ranges for the parameters
V0.4 - fine tuned engraving
V1.0 - ready for release
*/

/* [Sizing Parameters] */

// Enter the ring size (inner diameter) (mm).
ring_size = 20.00; // [5:0.01:80]

// Enter the ring width (mm).
ring_width = 7; // [2:0.01:30]

// Enter the ring thickness (mm).
ring_thickness = 2.5; // [1:0.01:10]

/* [Inner Text Parameters] */

// Enter the text to engrave on the inside of the ring.
inner_text = "Inner  Inner  Inner";

// Enter the text size for the inner engraving.
inner_text_size = 3.5; // [1:0.1:20]

// Enter an adjustment ratio for the spacing of the inner text.
inner_text_spacing = 1; // [0.5:0.01:2]

// Choose from a small selection of fonts that should work well in this application (NOTE: Arial is not available on the Thingiverse customizer and the others are not available on the OpenSCAD customizer unless you have installed them on your computer).
inner_text_font_name = 1; // [ 0:other, 1:Roboto Mono Bold Italic, 2:Roboto Mono Bold, 3:B612 Mono Bold Italic, 4:DejaVu Sans Mono Bold Oblique, 5:FreeMono Bold Oblique, 6:IBM Plex Mono Bold Italic, 7:Liberation Mono Bold Italic, 8:Monoton, 9:NovaMono, 10:Overpass Mono Bold, 11:Rubik Mono One, 12:Space Mono Bold Italic, 13:Ubuntu Mono Bold Italic, 14:Courgette, 15:Sriracha, 16:Yellowtail, 17:Parisienne, 18:Italianno, 19:Bungee, 20:Arial Bold Italic BAD CHOICE]

// If "other" is selected above, you can specify any font available from the Google fonts repository if you are running this on the Thingiverse customizer. See https://fonts.google.com/ for available fonts. If you are running OpenSCAD on your own computer you can see the fonts available in the "Help/Font List" menu item.
inner_other_font = "New Rocker:style=Regular";

/* [Outer Text Parameters] */
// Enter the text to engrave on the outside of the ring.
outer_text = "WWWinner WWWinner WWWinner ";

// Enter the text size for the outer engraving.
outer_text_size = 3.5; // [1:0.1:20]

// Enter an adjustment ratio for the spacing of the outer text.
outer_text_spacing = 1; // [0.5:0.01:2]

// Choose from a small selection of fonts that should work well in this application (NOTE: Arial is not available on the Thingiverse customizer and the others are not available on the OpenSCAD customizer unless you have installed them on your computer).
outer_text_font_name = 1; // [ 0:other, 1:Roboto Mono Bold Italic, 2:Roboto Mono Bold, 3:B612 Mono Bold Italic, 4:DejaVu Sans Mono Bold Oblique, 5:FreeMono Bold Oblique, 6:IBM Plex Mono Bold Italic, 7:Liberation Mono Bold Italic, 8:Monoton, 9:NovaMono, 10:Overpass Mono Bold, 11:Rubik Mono One, 12:Space Mono Bold Italic, 13:Ubuntu Mono Bold Italic, 14:Courgette, 15:Sriracha, 16:Yellowtail, 17:Parisienne, 18:Italianno, 19:Bungee, 20:Arial Bold Italic BAD CHOICE]

// If "other" is selected above, you can specify any font available from the Google fonts repository if you are running this on the Thingiverse customizer. See https://fonts.google.com/ for available fonts. If you are running OpenSCAD on your own computer you can see the fonts available in the "Help/Font List" menu item.
outer_other_font = "New Rocker:style=Regular";

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=40;
fudge = 0.01;

ringWidthScale = ring_width/ring_thickness;
radius = (ring_size+ring_thickness)/2+fudge;
textThickness = ring_thickness/3;

// Divide the circumferance into an integral number of characters
inner_step_angle = 360 / 78 * inner_text_size * inner_text_spacing * 20/ring_size;
num_inner_chars = floor(360 / inner_step_angle);
innerStepAngle = 360 / floor(360 / inner_step_angle);

outer_step_angle = 360 / 96 * outer_text_size * outer_text_spacing * 20/ring_size;
num_outer_chars = floor(360 / outer_step_angle);
outerStepAngle = 360 / num_outer_chars;

echo ("Inner characters:", num_inner_chars, "Outer characters:", num_outer_chars);

// This convoluted way of selecting the font from an array was a requirement introduced by a change
// on the Thingiverse customizer that broke the ability to directly select fonts with a style specified.
// This issue was first noticed 2010-02-26 and probably happened within the two months prior to that date.
fontNames = ["other", "Roboto Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Roboto Mono:style=Bold", "B612 Mono:style=Bold Italic", "DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Bold Oblique", "FreeMono:style=Bold Oblique", "IBM Plex Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Liberation Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Monoton:style=Regular", "NovaMono:style=Regular", "Overpass Mono:style=Bold", "Rubik Mono One:style=Regular", "Space Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Ubuntu Mono:style=Bold Italic", "Courgette:style=Regular", "Sriracha:style=Regular", "Yellowtail:style=Regular", "Parisienne:style=Regular", "Italianno:style=Regular", "Bungee:style=Regular", "Arial:style=Bold Italic"];

innerSelectedFont = (inner_text_font_name==0) ? inner_other_font : fontNames[inner_text_font_name];
outerSelectedFont = (outer_text_font_name==0) ? outer_other_font : fontNames[outer_text_font_name];

// *****
// Create the model
// *****
rotate([0,0,-90]) translate([0,0,ring_width/2]) difference() {
  // Create the ring
  scale ([1,1,ringWidthScale]) rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 100)
    translate([(ring_size+ring_thickness)/2, 0, 0])
  circle(d = ring_thickness, $fn = 100);
  // Engrave the inner text
  for(c = [0:max(0,len(inner_text)-1)]) {
    rotate([0, 0, 270-c*innerStepAngle]) translate([radius-ring_thickness/3/1.5, 0, -inner_text_size/2])
      rotate([90, 0, -90])
        linear_extrude(textThickness*1.5)
          text(inner_text[c], font=innerSelectedFont, size = inner_text_size, valign = "baseline", halign = "center");
  }
  // Engrave the outer text
  for(c = [0:max(0,len(outer_text)-1)]) {
    rotate([0, 0, c*outerStepAngle]) translate([radius+ring_thickness/6, 0, -outer_text_size/2])
      rotate([90, 0, 90])
        linear_extrude(textThickness*1.5)
          text(outer_text[c], font=outerSelectedFont, size = outer_text_size, valign = "baseline", halign = "center");
  }
}
 // %cube(ring_size/2);
 // %sphere(radius);
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to request a new OpenSCAD design for a customizable initiative tracker that clips onto a DM screen. It's meant for tabletop RPGs, like D&D or Pathfinder.

Here's what I'm thinking:

**Core Functionality:**

*   **Clip Design:** It needs to have a slot that clips onto a screen of varying thickness. I need to be able to specify the slot's depth and length.
*   **Marker Body:** The main body of the marker needs to be a customizable rectangle with rounded corners. I'd like to be able to set the length and height of this rectangle. The marker itself should have some depth to it.
*   **Text:** I want to be able to add text to the marker's face. This text should be customizable, and I'd also like to be able to set the text's position, size, and maybe even the font later on, but let's start with just a single line of text for now. I'd like to center it horizontally.
*   **Text Texture:** I'd like the text to be raised above the rest of the marker's face.
*   **Background Texture:** I also want to have an option to add a texture to the background of the marker's face, behind the text. I'd like to start with at least two options: a bumpy texture and a diagonal grid pattern. And an option for "none", of course.

**Parametric Customization:**

I need the following parameters to be customizable by the user:

*   `marker_text` (string):  The text displayed on the marker.
*   `marker_length` (number): The length of the marker.
*   `marker_height` (number): The height of the marker.
*   `slot_depth` (number): The depth of the slot that clips onto the screen.
*  `slot_length` (number): The length of the slot that clips onto the screen
*   `texture` (string):  The background texture. Options should be "none", "bumps", and "diagonal_grid".
*   `bevel` (number): The radius of the bevel.

I do not need it to generate individual files for libraries, but please use the "BOSL" library if that helps with the design.

The final rendered design should sit on its long edge when printing so that no supports are required when printing it on a 3D printer.

[Assistant]
initiative_marker.scad:
```
//Marker Text
marker_text = "Init Marker v1.0";
//Marker Length
marker_length = 50;
//Marker Width
marker_height = 20;
//Slot Depth
slot_depth = 2.5;
//Slot Length
slot_length = 40;
//Texture
texture = "none"; // [none, bumps, diagonal_grid]

/* [Hidden] */
bevel = 1;
marker_depth = 4*bevel + slot_depth;

module frame(){
	outer_path = [
		[4, 0],
		[marker_length-1, 0],
		[marker_length, 1],
		[marker_length, marker_height-1],
		[marker_length-1, marker_height],
		[4, marker_height],
		[0, marker_height-4],
		[0, 4],
	];
	hollow_length = marker_length-4;
	hollow_height = marker_height-4;
	hollow_path = [
		[3, 0],
		[hollow_length, 0],
		[hollow_length, hollow_height],
		[3, hollow_height],
		[0, hollow_height-3],
		[0, 3]
	];

	difference(){
		hull(){
			translate([0, 0, bevel])
			linear_extrude(marker_depth-2*bevel)
				polygon(outer_path);

			translate([bevel, bevel, 0])
			resize([marker_length-2*bevel, marker_height-2*bevel, marker_depth])
			linear_extrude(marker_depth-2*bevel)
				polygon(outer_path);
		}

		//hollow in face of marker
		translate([2, 2, marker_depth])
			marker_face();

		//slot
		translate([-1, -1, 2*bevel])
			cube([slot_length+1, 22, slot_depth]);
	}

	if(texture!="none"){
		translate([2, 2, marker_depth-0.01])
		intersection(){
			marker_face();
			background_texture();
		}
	}
}

module marker_face(){
	hollow_length = marker_length-4;
	hollow_height = marker_height-4;
	hollow_path = [
		[3, 0],
		[hollow_length, 0],
		[hollow_length, hollow_height],
		[3, hollow_height],
		[0, hollow_height-3],
		[0, 3]
	];

	hull(){
		translate([0, 0, 0])
		linear_extrude(2*bevel)
			polygon(hollow_path);

		translate([bevel, bevel, -bevel])
		resize([hollow_length-2*bevel, hollow_height-2*bevel, 2*bevel])
		linear_extrude(2*bevel)
			polygon(hollow_path);
	}
}

module background_texture(){
	if(texture=="bumps"){
		for(x=[0:2:marker_length]){
			for(y=[0:2:marker_height]){
				translate([x, y, -1.5])
					cylinder(r1=1.25, r2=rands(0.25, 0.75, 1)[0],  h=rands(1, 1.25, 1)[0], $fn=4);
				translate([x+1, y+1, -1.5])
					cylinder(r1=1.25, r2=rands(0.25, 0.75, 1)[0], h=rands(0.75, 1.25, 1)[0], $fn=4);
			}
		}
	}else if(texture=="diagonal_grid"){
		for(x=[-0.5*marker_length:2:1.5*marker_length]){
			translate([x, 0, -2])
			rotate([45, 0, 65])
				cube([1.5*marker_height, 1, 1]);
			translate([x, 0, -2])
			rotate([45, 0, 115])
				cube([1.5*marker_height, 1, 1]);
		}
	}
}

module bump_text(){
	text_length = marker_length-6;
	text_height = marker_height-6;

	translate([marker_length/2, 2, 0])
	linear_extrude(2)
	resize([text_length, text_height], auto=true)
		text(marker_text, valign="baseline", halign = "center");
}

module complete_model(){
	frame();

	color("#444")
	translate([0, 2, marker_depth-1.5])
		bump_text();
}

if($preview){
	complete_model();
}else{
	//rotate onto its long edge for better printing without supports
	rotate([90, 0, 0])
		complete_model();
}

```


[User]
I'm trying to create a customizable name tag using OpenSCAD, but I want something a bit more sophisticated than just a flat rectangle with text on it. I like the idea of a wavy border, like in the MakerBot tutorial, but I want to be able to control a lot more of the design.

Specifically, I'd like to be able to adjust the following parameters:

*   **Text:**
    *   The text itself (obviously).
    *   The font to use (let's assume we can use any font available within OpenSCAD).
    *   The font size.
    *   The letter spacing.
*   **Overall Dimensions:**
    *   The overall length of the name tag.
    *   The overall width of the name tag.
    *   The overall height of the name tag (specifically, the max height of the wavy border).
    *   The height of the text (so I can make it pop out more or less)
*   **Border Shape:**
    *   The frequency of the waves in the border.
    *   The number of steps/segments in the border curve.
    *   The thickness of the border itself.
    *   The inset distance - the distance between the border and the text.
    *   The height of the base of the name tag (the height at the lowest point of the wavy border).

I want the text to be centered within the wavy border area, and I want to make sure that the text is always visible and doesn't get cut off by the border's wave effect. I want the code to generate a 3D object so I can export it as an STL for printing.

I think I'd like to keep all of these parameters in a single file as variables at the top.

Could you help me generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I'm not using any libraries, just stock OpenSCAD commands.

[Assistant]
MakerBot_CodeNametag_Project.scad:
```
// MakerBot Handbook Tutorial
// OpenSCAD nametag with parameters

// Start by modifying the parameters at the beginning of this document.

// The code is very simple and we've included lots of comments.
// Even if you've never read or written code before, you can do this!

// For more advanced exploration, you can experiment with the
// trigonometric function and the rest of the code below the parameters.

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// THE PARAMETERS

// TEXT AND FONT
// Use menu Help / Font List to find the available font names
// You can drag and drop names right from the OpenSCAD Font List
// fontsize controls the letter heights

myword = "Scott";
myfont="Phosphate:style=Inline";
fontsize = 8;

// TOTAL DIMENSIONS
// Adjust these dimensions to fit the size of your word.
// The "length" is left to right, the "width" is top to bottom.
// The "height" will be the height of the top of the tallest wave.

length = 35;
width = 15;
height = 8;
textheight = 8;
myspacing = 1;

// BORDER CURVE STYLE
// Now you can style the border of your nametag!
// The "frequency" controls the number of waves.
// A low number of steps is good for a cool chunky look.
// A large number of steps is smoother, but takes longer to compile.
// You probably won't want to change border, inset, or base.

frequency = 3;
steps = 32;
border = 2;
inset = 2;
base = 2;

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PRINT THE TEXT

// STEP 3. Translate up and to the right past the border.

translate([ border + inset, border + inset, 0 ]){

    // STEP 2. Pull up the text in the z-direction.

    linear_extrude( height = textheight ){

        // STEP 1. Write the word in the correct font and size.

        text(
            text = myword,
            font = myfont,
            size = fontsize,
            spacing = myspacing
        );

    // This closes the parenthesis for "linear_extrude".
    }

// This closes the parenthesis for "translate".
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// THIS TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION CONTROLS THE WAVE
// (don't mess with this unless you are a trigonometry master :)

// The first part ensures that the lowest part is above the base.
// The middle part scales the function to a max height of "height".
// The last line is a shifted trig function with variable frequency.
// The "steps-1" allows one extra step contained in the "width".

function f(x) =
    2*base +
    0.5*(height - 2*base)*
    ( cos(frequency*x*360/(steps-1)) + 1 );

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// MAKE A WAVY SHAPE AND CUT OUT THE INSIDE

// The "difference" command subtracts the second thing from the first.
// We're going to construct a wavy shape and subtract an interior box.

difference(){

    // STEP 1: Make a wavy shape out of a series of retangular boxes.

    // Make a rectangular box for each number i = 0, 1, ..., steps-1.
    // To get a better idea of what each step is doing,
    // try replacing "steps-1" with something small like "4" or "8".
    // Then make sure it says "[0:steps-1]" again when you're done!

    for( i = [0:steps-1] ){

        // Move box "i" to the right by "i*(length/steps)" units,
        // so that box "i" begins right where box "i-1" ends.
        // Note that the width of each box is "length/steps".

        translate([ i*(length/steps), 0, 0 ])

            // This is box "i", a thin rectangular solid.
            // The box height is determined by the function "f".
            // Put a "#" before "cube" to see the full rectangles,
            // and remove it when you're done.

            cube([ length/steps, width, f(i) ]);

    // This closes the parentheses of the "for" loop.
    }

    // STEP 2: Remove a box on the inside to make room for the text.

    // Translate the box past the left and lower borders, and
    // translate it up to just a tiny bit below the top of the base.

    translate([ border, border, base-.1 ])

        // This is the cube that is to be removed.
        // The length and width take into account the border size.
        // Put a "#" before "cube" to see the box,
        // and remove it when you're done.

        cube([
            length - 2*border,
            width - 2*border,
            height
        ]);

 // This closes the parentheses for "difference".
 }

```


[User]
I'm looking to design a custom tap handle for my homebrew setup, and I'd like it to have a few specific features. I'm hoping you can generate the necessary OpenSCAD code for me.

First, I need the tap handle to have a flared base that'll screw onto a standard American beer tap. I'm using 3/8"-16 threads. The base should be robust enough to handle the forces of using the tap; I'm thinking about 30mm tall and 15mm wide should be fine. Also, the bottom of the base should have a slight countersink to eliminate any elephant foot issues.

Extending upwards from the base will be the actual handle, which I would like to be rectangular with rounded edges for comfort. I'd like the handle to be roughly 56mm wide and 80mm tall, before accounting for the rounding. For the rounding, I envision a sphere with a radius of 2mm.

The key feature I want is a slot in the handle to hold a small name card, so I can label each tap with the beer it's dispensing. The slot should be slightly smaller than the overall handle, say 4mm less on all sides, and the card itself should fit snugly and be about 2mm thick. So, it should be recessed by at least 4mm on the front and sides. There should be a small 'lip' around the edges of the card chamber, 4mm should work.

Finally, I need the threads to fit well. I find that I have to scale them slightly in the X and Y direction, so I'd like to have that as a parameter, with a default of 1.05. It would be nice if the thread generation was done with Dan Kirshner's library. I don't have it, but it should be included in the code, as you've done in the examples before.

Can you write an OpenSCAD file for me to do this? Please make sure everything is parametric, and that it uses the thread library. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Tap_handle_with_card_slot.scad:
```
//The height of the flared base.  This should be tall enough for the threads to be contained in with some margin for strength.
base_height=30;

//The width/depth of the bottom of the flared base.  This should be wide enough for the threads to be contained
//in with some margin for strength.  This is also the thickness of the overall handle.
base_width=15;

//The width of the handle part (not counting the rounding from the Minkowski transform, so plus 2x the rounding_radius).
handle_width=56;
//The height of the handle (not counting the rounding from the Minkowski transform, so plus 1x the rounding_radius).
handle_height=80;

//The radius of the sphere used to round the corners.
rounding_radius=2;

//How much of a 'lip' should surround the card on the sides and bottom.
card_guard = 4;

//How thick the card chamber should be.
card_thickness=2;

//It helps to expand the threads in the x/y direction to compensate for filament spreading.  This number may vary
//depending on your printer, settings, and material.  I printed this on a Flashforge Adventurer 3, using generic
//black ABS with 4 shells, 25% hexagon infill, and with the threads scaled to 1.05 in the x and y the tap handle
//threaded snugly onto my Interap handle.
thread_scaling_factor=1.05;

module dummy_module() {
}

$fn=$preview?5:50;//preview on low quality, render on high(ish)
safety_margin=0.1;//a little safety factor to make it render right.

//Here's the main logic.
difference() {
      translate([-base_width/2,base_width/2,rounding_radius])
            rotate([90,0,0])
                  rounded_handle();//The main handle.
      translate([-(handle_width/2) + (card_guard-card_thickness),-base_width/2 + (card_guard-card_thickness),base_height + rounding_radius])
            cube([handle_width-2*(card_guard-card_thickness),card_thickness,handle_height+rounding_radius+safety_margin]);//Cut out the card slot.
      scale([thread_scaling_factor,thread_scaling_factor,1])
            english_thread (diameter=3/8, threads_per_inch=16, length=1, internal=true);//Cut out the thread.
      translate([0,0,-1])
            cylinder(r1=6, r2=5, h=5);//Cut out a countersink.  This not only looks a bit better, it also prevents the elephant-foot effect from messing with the bottom of the threads.
}

//This provides both of the fillets to support the top part of the handle (and make it look better).
//An exercise for the reader would be to base the number of segments off of $fn rather than hard-coding to
//180 segments.  Also, I'm not sure how to round this part without a Minkowski.  I guess spheres/cylinders
//on the end followed by a hull?
module handle_support() {
      handle_support_one_side();
      translate([base_width,0])
            mirror([1,0])
                  handle_support_one_side();
}

//just one side
module handle_support_one_side() {
      nodeList = [ for (i=[0:180]) [-(sin(i-90)+1)*(handle_width/2 - base_width/2)/2,(i/180)*base_height],[0,base_height],[0,0]];
      polygon(nodeList);
}

//The basic handle, minus rounding and the card slot (but including the sides of the card slot).
module unrounded_handle() {
      difference() {
            linear_extrude(height=base_width) {
                  union() {
                        square([base_width,base_height]); //contains the threads
                        translate([-(handle_width/2 - base_width/2),base_height])
							square([handle_width, handle_height]); //the handle part, contains the card
                        handle_support();//both sides of the fillet supporting the handle
                  }
            }
			//This carves out the overall card cavity.  I do this here so that the cavity sides and bottom will be
			//rounded as well.  The slot that the card will sit in will be cut out post-rounding.
            translate([-(handle_width/2 - base_width/2) + card_guard,base_height + card_guard, base_width - card_guard])
                  cube([handle_width-(card_guard*2),handle_height-card_guard + safety_margin, card_guard+safety_margin]);
      }
}

//Round the handle edges and corners..  Done as a separate step so that I could easily not do the time-eating Minkowski.
//If there was one thing I would change about this design, it would be to build handle with spheres and cylinders and hulls
//to avoid the minkowski as it takes a ton of rendering time.
module rounded_handle() {
      minkowski() {
            unrounded_handle();
            sphere(r=rounding_radius);
      }
}

//Below is Dan Kirshner's excellent thread-generation library.
//Usually I just include it as an external file, but Thingiverse wants everything in one file
//to be used with Customizer.

/*
 * ISO-standard metric threads, following this specification:
 *          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread
 *
 * Dan Kirshner - dan_kirshner@yahoo.com
 *
 * You are welcome to make free use of this software.  Retention of my
 * authorship credit would be appreciated.
 *
 * Version 1.9.  2016-07-03  Option: tapered.
 * Version 1.8.  2016-01-08  Option: (non-standard) angle.
 * Version 1.7.  2015-11-28  Larger x-increment - for small-diameters.
 * Version 1.6.  2015-09-01  Options: square threads, rectangular threads.
 * Version 1.5.  2015-06-12  Options: thread_size, groove.
 * Version 1.4.  2014-10-17  Use "faces" instead of "triangles" for polyhedron
 * Version 1.3.  2013-12-01  Correct loop over turns -- don't have early cut-off
 * Version 1.2.  2012-09-09  Use discrete polyhedra rather than linear_extrude ()
 * Version 1.1.  2012-09-07  Corrected to right-hand threads!
 */

// Examples.
//
// Standard M8 x 1.
// metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=4);

// Square thread.
// metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=4, square=true);

// Non-standard: long pitch, same thread size.
//metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=4, length=4, thread_size=1, groove=true);

// Non-standard: 20 mm diameter, long pitch, square "trough" width 3 mm,
// depth 1 mm.
//metric_thread (diameter=20, pitch=8, length=16, square=true, thread_size=6,
//               groove=true, rectangle=0.333);

// English: 1/4 x 20.
//english_thread (diameter=1/4, threads_per_inch=20, length=1);

// Tapered.  Example -- pipe size 3/4" -- per:
// http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/npt-national-pipe-taper-threads-d_750.html
// english_thread (diameter=1.05, threads_per_inch=14, length=3/4, taper=1/16);

// Thread for mounting on Rohloff hub.
//difference () {
//   cylinder (r=20, h=10, $fn=100);
//
//   metric_thread (diameter=34, pitch=1, length=10, internal=true, n_starts=6);
//}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
function segments (diameter) = min (50, ceil (diameter*6));

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// internal -    true = clearances for internal thread (e.g., a nut).
//               false = clearances for external thread (e.g., a bolt).
//               (Internal threads should be "cut out" from a solid using
//               difference ()).
// n_starts -    Number of thread starts (e.g., DNA, a "double helix," has
//               n_starts=2).  See wikipedia Screw_thread.
// thread_size - (non-standard) size of a single thread "V" - independent of
//               pitch.  Default: same as pitch.
// groove      - (non-standard) subtract inverted "V" from cylinder (rather than
//               add protruding "V" to cylinder).
// square      - Square threads (per
//               https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_thread_form).
// rectangle   - (non-standard) "Rectangular" thread - ratio depth/width
//               Default: 1 (square).
// angle       - (non-standard) angle (deg) of thread side from perpendicular to
//               axis (default = standard = 30 degrees).
// taper       - diameter change per length (National Pipe Thread/ANSI B1.20.1
//               is 1" diameter per 16" length).
module metric_thread (diameter=8, pitch=1, length=1, internal=false, n_starts=1,
                      thread_size=-1, groove=false, square=false, rectangle=0,
                      angle=30, taper=0)
{
   // thread_size: size of thread "V" different than travel per turn (pitch).
   // Default: same as pitch.
   local_thread_size = thread_size == -1 ? pitch : thread_size;
   local_rectangle = rectangle ? rectangle : 1;

   n_segments = segments (diameter);
   h = (square || rectangle) ? local_thread_size*local_rectangle/2 : local_thread_size * cos (angle);

   h_fac1 = (square || rectangle) ? 0.90 : 0.625;

   // External thread includes additional relief.
   h_fac2 = (square || rectangle) ? 0.95 : 5.3/8;

   if (! groove) {
      metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
                           local_thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
                           taper);
   }

   difference () {

      // Solid center, including Dmin truncation.
      tapered_diameter = diameter - length*taper;
      if (groove) {
         cylinder (r1=diameter/2, r2=tapered_diameter/2,
                   h=length, $fn=n_segments);
      } else if (internal) {
         cylinder (r1=diameter/2 - h*h_fac1, r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac1,
                   h=length, $fn=n_segments);
      } else {

         // External thread.
         cylinder (r1=diameter/2 - h*h_fac2, r2=tapered_diameter/2 - h*h_fac2,
                   h=length, $fn=n_segments);
      }

      if (groove) {
         metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
                              local_thread_size, groove, square, rectangle,
                              angle, taper);
      }
   }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Input units in inches.
// Note: units of measure in drawing are mm!
module english_thread (diameter=0.25, threads_per_inch=20, length=1,
                      internal=false, n_starts=1, thread_size=-1, groove=false,
                      square=false, rectangle=0, angle=30, taper=0)
{
   // Convert to mm.
   mm_diameter = diameter*25.4;
   mm_pitch = (1.0/threads_per_inch)*25.4;
   mm_length = length*25.4;

   echo (str ("mm_diameter: ", mm_diameter));
   echo (str ("mm_pitch: ", mm_pitch));
   echo (str ("mm_length: ", mm_length));
   metric_thread (mm_diameter, mm_pitch, mm_length, internal, n_starts,
                  thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle, taper);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
module metric_thread_turns (diameter, pitch, length, internal, n_starts,
                            thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
                            taper)
{
   // Number of turns needed.
   n_turns = floor (length/pitch);

   intersection () {

      // Start one below z = 0.  Gives an extra turn at each end.
      for (i=[-1*n_starts : n_turns+1]) {
         translate ([0, 0, i*pitch]) {
            metric_thread_turn (diameter, pitch, internal, n_starts,
                                thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle,
                                taper, i*pitch);
         }
      }

      // Cut to length.
      translate ([0, 0, length/2]) {
         cube ([diameter*3, diameter*3, length], center=true);
      }
   }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
module metric_thread_turn (diameter, pitch, internal, n_starts, thread_size,
                           groove, square, rectangle, angle, taper, z)
{
   n_segments = segments (diameter);
   fraction_circle = 1.0/n_segments;
   for (i=[0 : n_segments-1]) {
      rotate ([0, 0, i*360*fraction_circle]) {
         translate ([0, 0, i*n_starts*pitch*fraction_circle]) {
            current_diameter = diameter - taper*(z + i*n_starts*pitch*fraction_circle);
            thread_polyhedron (current_diameter/2, pitch, internal, n_starts,
                               thread_size, groove, square, rectangle, angle);
         }
      }
   }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// z (see diagram) as function of current radius.
// (Only good for first half-pitch.)
function z_fct (current_radius, radius, pitch, angle)
   = 0.5* (current_radius - (radius - 0.875*pitch*cos (angle)))
                                                       /cos (angle);

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
module thread_polyhedron (radius, pitch, internal, n_starts, thread_size,
                          groove, square, rectangle, angle)
{
   n_segments = segments (radius*2);
   fraction_circle = 1.0/n_segments;

   local_rectangle = rectangle ? rectangle : 1;

   h = (square || rectangle) ? thread_size*local_rectangle/2 : thread_size * cos (angle);
   outer_r = radius + (internal ? h/20 : 0); // Adds internal relief.
   //echo (str ("outer_r: ", outer_r));

   // A little extra on square thread -- make sure overlaps cylinder.
   h_fac1 = (square || rectangle) ? 1.1 : 0.875;
   inner_r = radius - h*h_fac1; // Does NOT do Dmin_truncation - do later with
                                // cylinder.

   translate_y = groove ? outer_r + inner_r : 0;
   reflect_x   = groove ? 1 : 0;

   // Make these just slightly bigger (keep in proportion) so polyhedra will
   // overlap.
   x_incr_outer = (! groove ? outer_r : inner_r) * fraction_circle * 2 * PI * 1.02;
   x_incr_inner = (! groove ? inner_r : outer_r) * fraction_circle * 2 * PI * 1.02;
   z_incr = n_starts * pitch * fraction_circle * 1.005;

   /*
    (angles x0 and x3 inner are actually 60 deg)

                          /\  (x2_inner, z2_inner) [2]
                         /  \
   (x3_inner, z3_inner) /    \
                  [3]   \     \
                        |\     \ (x2_outer, z2_outer) [6]
                        | \    /
                        |  \  /|
             z          |[7]\/ / (x1_outer, z1_outer) [5]
             |          |   | /
             |   x      |   |/
             |  /       |   / (x0_outer, z0_outer) [4]
             | /        |  /     (behind: (x1_inner, z1_inner) [1]
             |/         | /
    y________|          |/
   (r)                  / (x0_inner, z0_inner) [0]

   */

   x1_outer = outer_r * fraction_circle * 2 * PI;

   z0_outer = z_fct (outer_r, radius, thread_size, angle);
   //echo (str ("z0_outer: ", z0_outer));

   //polygon ([[inner_r, 0], [outer_r, z0_outer],
   //        [outer_r, 0.5*pitch], [inner_r, 0.5*pitch]]);
   z1_outer = z0_outer + z_incr;

   // Give internal square threads some clearance in the z direction, too.
   bottom = internal ? 0.235 : 0.25;
   top    = internal ? 0.765 : 0.75;

   translate ([0, translate_y, 0]) {
      mirror ([reflect_x, 0, 0]) {

         if (square || rectangle) {

            // Rule for face ordering: look at polyhedron from outside: points must
            // be in clockwise order.
            polyhedron (
               points = [
                         [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, bottom*thread_size],         // [0]
                         [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, bottom*thread_size + z_incr], // [1]
                         [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, top*thread_size + z_incr],    // [2]
                         [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, top*thread_size],            // [3]

                         [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, bottom*thread_size],         // [4]
                         [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, bottom*thread_size + z_incr], // [5]
                         [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, top*thread_size + z_incr],    // [6]
                         [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, top*thread_size]             // [7]
                        ],

               faces = [
                         [0, 3, 7, 4],  // This-side trapezoid

                         [1, 5, 6, 2],  // Back-side trapezoid

                         [0, 1, 2, 3],  // Inner rectangle

                         [4, 7, 6, 5],  // Outer rectangle

                         // These are not planar, so do with separate triangles.
                         [7, 2, 6],     // Upper rectangle, bottom
                         [7, 3, 2],     // Upper rectangle, top

                         [0, 5, 1],     // Lower rectangle, bottom
                         [0, 4, 5]      // Lower rectangle, top
                        ]
            );
         } else {

            // Rule for face ordering: look at polyhedron from outside: points must
            // be in clockwise order.
            polyhedron (
               points = [
                         [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, 0],                        // [0]
                         [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, z_incr],                    // [1]
                         [x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, thread_size + z_incr],      // [2]
                         [-x_incr_inner/2, -inner_r, thread_size],              // [3]

                         [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, z0_outer],                 // [4]
                         [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, z0_outer + z_incr],         // [5]
                         [x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, thread_size - z0_outer + z_incr], // [6]
                         [-x_incr_outer/2, -outer_r, thread_size - z0_outer]    // [7]
                        ],

               faces = [
                         [0, 3, 7, 4],  // This-side trapezoid

                         [1, 5, 6, 2],  // Back-side trapezoid

                         [0, 1, 2, 3],  // Inner rectangle

                         [4, 7, 6, 5],  // Outer rectangle

                         // These are not planar, so do with separate triangles.
                         [7, 2, 6],     // Upper rectangle, bottom
                         [7, 3, 2],     // Upper rectangle, top

                         [0, 5, 1],     // Lower rectangle, bottom
                         [0, 4, 5]      // Lower rectangle, top
                        ]
            );
         }
      }
   }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable box with rounded corners and a honeycomb structure on the inside of the walls. The box should be rectangular, not just square, and I need to be able to control all dimensions, including the corner radius, wall thickness, base thickness, honeycomb cell size, and honeycomb wall thickness. I've seen some examples that get close, but none that quite hit all the features I need. Here are the specifics:

**Overall Box:**

*   The box should have a rectangular shape, so it needs separate `width` and `depth` parameters, as well as `height`.
*   All edges of the box should have a radius controlled by a `radius` parameter.
*   The walls should have a uniform thickness, controlled by `wall_thickness`.
*   The base should have a separate thickness setting `base_thickness`.

**Honeycomb Structure:**

*   The honeycomb should be inset from the outer edges, I need a `border` parameter for how much inset from all sides
*   The honeycomb should consist of hexagonal cells with a diameter controlled by `hc_cell_size`.
*   The walls of the honeycomb should have a thickness defined by `hc_wall_thickness`.
*   The honeycomb structure should be present on all four vertical inner walls of the box.
* The honeycomb should be extruded a certain depth, defined by `hc_extrude`.

**Parameters to control:**

*   `width`: Width of the box.
*   `depth`: Depth of the box.
*   `height`: Height of the box.
*   `radius`: Radius of the rounded corners.
*   `wall_thickness`: Thickness of the box walls.
*   `base_thickness`: Thickness of the box base.
*    `border`: Space between the box edges and the honeycomb
*   `hc_cell_size`: Diameter of the honeycomb cells.
*   `hc_wall_thickness`: Thickness of the honeycomb cell walls.
* `hc_extrude`: depth of extrusion for the honeycomb walls.

I would like this to be entirely in a single, parametric SCAD file, without using any libraries (like BOSL or MCAD). I'm looking for clean, well-commented code that I can easily modify and understand. I want all the parameters to be at the top of the file, clearly marked.

Can you generate that for me?

[Assistant]
honeycomb_rounded_rectbox.scad:
```
// honeycomb modules by PrzemoF
// see http://forum.openscad.org/Beginner-Honeycomb-advice-needed-tp4556p4592.html

/* [Box] */

// Width of the box
width=80;
// Lenght of the box
depth=80;
// Height of the box
height=100;
// Radius of corners
radius=10;
// Thickness of the walls
wall_thickness=2;
// Thickness of the base
base_thickness=2;

/* [Honeycomb] */
// Diameter of the hexagons
hc_cell_size=6;
// space between hexagons
hc_wall_thickness=2;
// amount of space to leave around the honeycomb
border=25;

/* [Hidden] */

print_diam=2*(radius+sqrt(pow(width/2-radius,2)+pow(depth/2-radius,2)));
echo ("Print diameter =",print_diam);

module hc_column(length, cell_size, wall_thickness) {
        no_of_cells = floor(length / (cell_size + wall_thickness));

        for (i = [0 : no_of_cells]) {
                translate([0,(i * (cell_size + wall_thickness)),0])
                         circle($fn = 6, r = cell_size * (sqrt(3)/3));
        }
}

module honeycomb (length, width, height, cell_size, wall_thickness) {
        no_of_rows = floor(1.2 * length / (cell_size + wall_thickness));

        tr_mod = cell_size + wall_thickness;
        tr_x = sqrt(3)/2 * tr_mod;
        tr_y = tr_mod / 2;
        linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, convexity = 10,
twist = 0, slices = 1)
            for (i = [0 : no_of_rows]) {
                    translate([i * tr_x, (i % 2) *
tr_y,0])
                            hc_column(width, cell_size,
wall_thickness);
            }
}

module roundedcube(size = [1, 1, 1], center = false, radius = 10, apply_to = "all") {
	// If single value, convert to [x, y, z] vector
	size = (size[0] == undef) ? [size, size, size] : size;

	translate_min = radius;
	translate_xmax = size[0] - radius;
	translate_ymax = size[1] - radius;
	translate_zmax = size[2] - radius;

	diameter = radius * 2;

	obj_translate = (center == false) ?
		[0, 0, 0] : [
			-(size[0] / 2),
			-(size[1] / 2),
			-(size[2] / 2)
		];

	translate(v = obj_translate) {
		hull() {
			for (translate_x = [translate_min, translate_xmax]) {
				x_at = (translate_x == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";
				for (translate_y = [translate_min, translate_ymax]) {
					y_at = (translate_y == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";
					for (translate_z = [translate_min, translate_zmax]) {
						z_at = (translate_z == translate_min) ? "min" : "max";

						translate(v = [translate_x, translate_y, translate_z])
						if (
							(apply_to == "all") ||
							(apply_to == "xmin" && x_at == "min") || (apply_to == "xmax" && x_at == "max") ||
							(apply_to == "ymin" && y_at == "min") || (apply_to == "ymax" && y_at == "max") ||
							(apply_to == "zmin" && z_at == "min") || (apply_to == "zmax" && z_at == "max")
						) {
							sphere(r = radius);
						} else {
							rotate =
								(apply_to == "xmin" || apply_to == "xmax" || apply_to == "x") ? [0, 90, 0] : (
								(apply_to == "ymin" || apply_to == "ymax" || apply_to == "y") ? [90, 90, 0] :
								[0, 0, 0]
							);
							rotate(a = rotate)
							cylinder(h = diameter, r = radius, center = true);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

hc_extrude=wall_thickness+10;
width_border=border+radius;
height_border=border+hc_cell_size;

hc_cells_high=floor((height-height_border) / (hc_cell_size + hc_wall_thickness))+1;
hc_cells_wide=floor(1.2 * (width-width_border) / (hc_cell_size +hc_wall_thickness))+1;
tr_mod = hc_cell_size + hc_wall_thickness;
tr_x = sqrt(3)/2 * tr_mod;
hc_width=(hc_cells_wide*tr_x) - hc_wall_thickness/2;
hc_height=(hc_cells_high*(hc_cell_size + hc_wall_thickness)) + ((hc_cell_size + hc_wall_thickness)/2);

move_width_hc=(hc_cell_size/2) + ((width-hc_width)/2);
move_height_hc=((hc_cell_size + hc_wall_thickness)/2) + ((height-hc_height)/2);
move_hc=2;

difference() {
    difference() {
        roundedcube(size=[width,depth,height],radius=radius,apply_to="z");
        translate([wall_thickness/2, wall_thickness/2, base_thickness]) {
            roundedcube(size=[width-wall_thickness,depth-wall_thickness,height],radius=radius,apply_to="z");
        };
    }
    translate([move_width_hc,0,move_height_hc]) {
        rotate([90,0,0]) {
            honeycomb(width-width_border, height-height_border, hc_extrude, hc_cell_size, hc_wall_thickness);
        }
    }
    translate([width,move_width_hc,move_height_hc]) {
        rotate([0,90,0]) rotate([0,0,90]) {
            honeycomb(depth-width_border, height-height_border, hc_extrude, hc_cell_size, hc_wall_thickness);
        }
    }
    translate([0,move_width_hc,move_height_hc]) {
        rotate([0,90,0]) rotate([0,0,90]) {
            honeycomb(depth-width_border, height-height_border, hc_extrude, hc_cell_size, hc_wall_thickness);
        }
    }
    translate([move_width_hc,depth,move_height_hc]) {
        rotate([90,0,0]) {
            honeycomb(width-width_border, height-height_border, hc_extrude, hc_cell_size, hc_wall_thickness);
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a customizable secret heart box in OpenSCAD, and I'd like to base it on the design I found on Thingiverse (1221494) by Emmett Lalish, but with the improvements that Martin Walla made (so kind of like how the file I've attached, SecretHeart3.scad, works).

I need a parametric design that lets me tweak several aspects:

First, there should be a way to toggle initials on the top and bottom of the heart. So two separate boolean controls: `topLetters` and `botLetters`.

For the heart itself, I want to be able to set the overall wall thickness (`wallT`). I need control over the tolerance between moving parts (`tol`).

I'd also like to choose the type of corner support along the upper middle line; `cs_type` should have options "none", "rounded", and "beveled".

There's also a small HD4D logo I'd like to toggle via `HD4Dsign`.

For the initials, I need a way to set the `fontstyle`. I should also have control over `fontsize`. For each initial, I need a text field and a scaling factor, as well as offsets for the top and bottom positions of the letters. So, variables like: `letter1` which will contain a string for the first letter, a scale value, and top/bottom X/Y offsets and `letter2` for the second initial, with the same properties.

I'd also need parameters to control the length of the parallel midsection (`L`), the width of the flat face (`W`), the height of the box (`H`), the space between hinges (`x_hinge`), the depth of the sliding nubs (`nub`), and the number of zigzags (`n`). The render quality should be controlled by a variable called `quality`. I'd also need a parameter for the `cleaveAngle`.

I'm hoping for a design that creates an all-in-one print without separate parts. Could you provide the necessary OpenSCAD code to do this? It should use standard OpenSCAD modules and not need any external libraries. I'm not looking for animation support at this time, although that was present in the original.

[Assistant]
SecretHeart3.scad:
```
// All-at-once Secret Heart Box
//
// 95% based on Emmett Lalish thing 1221494 (https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1221494)
//  5% update by Martin Walla (HD-4D.de) :
//     - update to current SCAD syntax version, i.e. no errors/warnings (as of January 2021)
//     - remove dependency on external write library (use text/fonts from SCAD fontlist instead)
//     - add finetuning for size and position of initials
//     - add rounded or beveled support for upper chamber roof (especially useful for scaled hearts > 100%)
//     - few little tweaks

assembly();
//animation();

/* [Generic] */

// Use initials on top
topLetters = 1; // [1:yes,0:no]

// Use initials on bottom
botLetters = 1; // [1:yes,0:no]

// Wall thickness (standard 1.6)
wallT=1.6;

// Tolerance between moving parts (recommended 0.29)
tol=0.29;

// Corner support along upper middle line
cs_type="rounded"; // [none,rounded,beveled]

// Show HD4D
HD4Dsign=1; // [1:yes,0:no]

/* [Initials] */

// Font style (check available font styles (Help -> Font List))
// Read https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Text for more information on fonts
// Recommended: add Dancing Script (Bold) from https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Dancing+Script
// Font style
fontstyle="Dancing Script:style=Bold";

// Size of initials (adjust depending on font style)
fontsize=13;

// Initial Left (scaling factor, X/Y offset top, X/Y offset bottom)
letter1=["A" , 1.0, +0.0, -1.0, -2.0, +2.0];

// Initial Right (scaling factor, X/Y offset top, X/Y offset bottom)
letter2=["M" , 0.9, -1.5, -1.0, +1.0, +1.5];

/* [Hidden] */

// Some examples for size and position of initials
// Since this depends on the font and the letters themselve no calculation could be found so far...
/*
letter1=["U" , 1.0,  0.0, -1.0, -1.0, +1.5];
letter2=["W" , 0.9, -0.5, -1.0, +3.0, +2.0];
*/
/*
letter1=["L" , 1.1, +1.0, -1.0, -1.0, +1.0];
letter2=["C" , 1.1, -1.5, -1.0, +1.0, +0.5];
*/
/*
letter1=["U" , 1.0,  0.0, -1.0,  0.0, +1.0];
letter2=["J" , 1.0, -1.5, -1.0, +2.0, +1.0];
*/
/*
letter1=["K" , 1.1, +0.5, -1.0,  0.0, +1.0];
letter2=["E" , 1.1, -1.5, -1.0, +1.0, +1.0];
*/
/*
letter1=["A" , 1.0, +0.0, -1.0, -2.0, +2.0];
letter2=["M" , 0.9, -1.5, -1.0, +1.0, +1.5];
*/
/*
letter1=["HP", 0.8, +0.4, -1.5, -2.5, +1.5];
letter2=["R" , 1.0, -1.5, -1.5, +1.5, +1.0];
*/
/*
letter1=["L" , 1.1, +1.0, -1.0, -1.0, +1.0];
letter2=["Y" , 1.0, -1.5, -1.0, +2.0, +0.5];
*/

//Length of parallel midsection
L=30+0;
//Width of flat face
W=25+0;
//Height of box
H=20+0;
//Space between hinges
x_hinge=16+0;
//Depth of sliding nubs
nub=2+0;
//Smoother renders slower
quality=4+0;//[1:Draft,2:Medium,4:Fine]
//Angle of opening (deg)
cleaveAngle=40+0;
//Number of zigzags
n=1+0;

cs=(cs_type=="beveled" || cs_type=="rounded") ? 1 : 0;
T=wallT/2;
$fa=12/quality;
$fs=2/quality;
phi=atan(W/L);// heart angle
R=H/2-2*nub;// clasp radius
R1=H/2-2*nub;// cleave radius
t1=1-2*abs($t-0.5);// makes time loop back and forth

first=letter1[0];  // left initial
letter1Scale=letter1[1];
letter1TopOffsetX=letter1[2];
letter1TopOffsetY=letter1[3];
letter1BotOffsetX=letter1[4];
letter1BotOffsetY=letter1[5];

last=letter2[0];  // right initial
letter2Scale=letter2[1];
letter2TopOffsetX=letter2[2];
letter2TopOffsetY=letter2[3];
letter2BotOffsetX=letter2[4];
letter2BotOffsetY=letter2[5];

module animation(){
phi= t1<0.5 ? 0 : (t1-0.5)*2*90;
psi= t1<0.5 ? (t1-0.5)*2*180 : 0;
	LowerLeft();
	translate([0,R1/cos(cleaveAngle)+H/2+nub/2,-H/2+nub])rotate([-phi,0,0])
		translate(-[0,R1/cos(cleaveAngle)+H/2+nub/2,-H/2+nub])UpperLeft();
	rotate([psi,0,0]){
		translate([0,R1/cos(cleaveAngle)+H/2+nub/2,-H/2+nub])rotate([-phi,0,0])
			translate(-[0,R1/cos(cleaveAngle)+H/2+nub/2,-H/2+nub])UpperRight();
		LowerRight();
	}
}

module assembly()
translate([0,0,H/2]){
	LowerLeft();
	UpperLeft();
 	LowerRight();
	UpperRight();
}

module UpperLeft()
// render()
difference(){
    cleave(lower=false)Left();
    translate([-3/2*tol-nub-T,0,0])hingeGap();
    translate([-x_hinge,0,0])mirror([1,0,0])hingeGap();
	if (topLetters) {
		#translate([-L/2*sin(phi)-.05*W+letter1TopOffsetX,
					L/2*cos(phi)       +letter1TopOffsetY,H/2])
			scale([letter1Scale,letter1Scale])
				letter(first);
	}
}

module LowerLeft()
// render()
difference(){
    union(){
		cleave(lower=true)Left();
		if (HD4Dsign==1)
			translate([-nub-T,0,2*T-H/2])translate([-6,5,0])scale(0.7)HD4D(h=1);
		difference(){
			clasp(inside=1);
			translate([-tol/2,0,-R+T+nub+2*tol])
				rotate([0,-25,0])translate([0,0,-H])cube(2*H,center=true);
		}
		translate([-3/2*tol-nub-T,0,0])hinge();
		translate([-x_hinge,0,0])mirror([1,0,0])hinge();
		brace();
	}
	if (botLetters) {
		#translate([-0.28*L+letter1BotOffsetX,0.2*L+letter1BotOffsetY,-H/2+(wallT*0.7*0.15)])
			rotate([0,180,0])
				scale([letter1Scale*0.95,letter1Scale*0.95])
					letter(first);
	}
}

module UpperRight()
// render()
difference(){
    cleave(lower=false)Right();
    translate([3/2*tol+nub+T,0,0])mirror([1,0,0])hingeGap();
    translate([x_hinge,0,0])hingeGap();
    clasp(inside=0);
	if (topLetters) {
		#translate([L/2*sin(phi)+.05*W+letter2TopOffsetX,
					L/2*cos(phi)      +letter2TopOffsetY,H/2])
			scale([letter2Scale,letter2Scale])
				letter(last);
	}
}

module LowerRight()
// render()
difference(){
	union(){
		cleave(lower=true)Right();
		translate([nub+T,0,2*T-H/2])translate([6,5,0])scale(0.8)monogram(h=1);
		translate([3/2*tol+nub+T,0,0])mirror([1,0,0])hinge();
		translate([x_hinge,0,0])hinge();
		mirror([1,0,0])brace();
	}
	translate([nub+T+tol/2,0,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=R,h=tol);
	clasp(inside=0);
if (botLetters) {
    #translate([0.28*L+letter2BotOffsetX,0.2*L +letter2BotOffsetY,-H/2+(wallT*0.7*0.15)])
		rotate([0,180,0])
			scale([letter2Scale*0.95,letter2Scale*0.95])
				letter(last);
}
}

module letter(word)
linear_extrude(height=wallT*0.7,center=true)
	text(text=word,size=fontsize,font=fontstyle,halign="center",valign="center");

module brace()
intersection(){
	rotate([cleaveAngle,0,0])translate([0,R1,0])difference(){
		cylinder(r=nub+2*T+tol*3/2,h=3*H,center=true);
		translate([L-nub-T,0,0])cube(2*L,center=true);
		translate([L-nub-T-tol*3/2,L,0])cube(2*L,center=true);
	}
	difference(){
		translate([0,0,0])cube([L,2*(R1*sqrt(2)+H/2+nub),H-T],center=true);
		difference(){
			// corner support requires modification here (-0.5*cs)
			translate([0,0,L+H/2-3*T])cube((3-0.5*cs)*L,center=true);
			rotate([cleaveAngle-90,0,0])cube([2*L,2*L,2*R1],center=true);
		}
	}
}

module cleave(lower=true){
y = lower==true ? L+R1 : -L+R1+tol;
difference(){
	children(0);
	rotate([cleaveAngle,0,0])translate([0,y,0])cube(2*L,center=true);
}
}

module Right()
difference(){
	union(){
		mirror([1,0,0])hollowbase();
        intersection(){
            cube([L+W,L+W,H],center=true);
            for(i=[0:n-1])rotate([0,-90,0])ring(H/2+(4*i+1)*nub);
        }
        intersection(){
            rotate([0,-90,0])ring(R=H/2-nub);
            rotate([cleaveAngle,0,0])translate([-H/2,H/2-2*nub+tol/2,-H-tol/2])cube(H);
        }
	}
    difference(){
        rotate([0,-90,0])ring(R=H/2-nub);
        rotate([cleaveAngle,0,0])translate([0,2*nub,-H/2-tol/2])cube([3*nub,H,H],center=true);
    }
    for(i=[0:n-1])rotate([0,-90,0])ring(H/2+(4*i+3)*nub);
}

module Left()
difference(){
	union(){
		hollowbase();
        intersection(){
            cube([L+W,L+W,H],center=true);
            for(i=[0:n-1])rotate([0,90,0])ring(H/2+(4*i+3)*nub);
        }
        intersection(){
            rotate([0,90,0])ring(R=H/2-nub);
            rotate([cleaveAngle,0,0])translate([-H/2,H/2-2*nub+tol/2,tol/2])cube(H);
        }
	}
	difference(){
        rotate([0,90,0])ring(R=H/2-nub);
        rotate([cleaveAngle,0,0])translate([0,2*nub,H/2+tol/2])cube([3*nub,H,H],center=true);
    }
    for(i=[0:n-1])rotate([0,90,0])ring(H/2+(4*i+1)*nub);
}

module clasp(inside=0)
rotate([0,90,0])translate([0,0,tol/2+.01])union(){
	translate([0,0,T-nub])cylinder(r1=R-2*nub-tol*inside,r2=R-tol*inside,h=2*nub+.02);
    // cylinder(r=R/1.7-tol*inside, h=2*(T+nub),center=true);
	// corner support requires additional cut here
	if (inside==0 && cs==1) {
		translate([0,0,2*(T+nub)])cylinder(r=R, h=2*(T+nub),center=true);
	}
}

module ring(R)
rotate_extrude()translate([R,-tol/2])rotate(45)square(nub*sqrt(2),center=true);

module hollowbase()
difference(){
	base(inside=0);
	difference(){
		base(inside=1);
		translate([-nub-T,0,0])hinge();
		translate([-L-x_hinge,R1/cos(cleaveAngle)+H/2,-H/2])cube([L,2*nub,nub]);
		translate([-L-x_hinge,R1/cos(cleaveAngle)+H/2+nub/2,-H/2+nub])
			rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=nub,h=L);
	}
}

module hinge()
translate([-nub/2,R1/cos(cleaveAngle)+H/2-nub/2,-H/2+nub])
difference(){
	union(){
		translate([0,-2*nub,0])cube([nub,6*nub,2*nub],center=true);
		translate([0,nub,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=nub,h=nub,center=true);
		translate([nub/2-.01,nub,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r1=nub,r2=0,h=nub);
	}
	translate([0,-6*nub,2*nub])rotate([45,0,0])cube(6*nub,center=true);
}

module hingeGap()
translate([-nub/2,R1/cos(cleaveAngle)+H/2-nub/2,-H/2+nub]) {
//union(){
	translate([0,tol-nub,0])cube([nub+2*tol,6*nub,2*nub+2*tol],center=true);
	translate([nub/2+tol-.01,nub,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r1=nub,r2=0,h=nub);
}

module base(inside=0){
W=W-4*T*inside;
intersection(){
	rotate([0,0,90+phi])union(){
		cube([L,W,2*H],center=true);
		translate([L/2,0,0])rotate([0,0,90])cylinder(r=W/2,h=2*H,center=true);
		translate([0,W/2-H/2,0])rotate([0,90,0])rotate([0,0,90])cylinder(r=H/sqrt(2),h=L,center=true);
		for(i=[-1,1])translate([i*L/2,0,0])rotate([0,0,90])
			rotate_extrude(convexity=2)difference(){
				translate([W/2-H/2,0])circle(r=H/sqrt(2));
				translate([-H,0])square(2*H,center=true);
			}
	}
	cs_radius = (H-4*T)/2;					// radius of rounded corner support
	cs_length = sqrt(2*pow(cs_radius,2));	// length of beveled corner support
	translate([-L-(nub+T)*inside-tol/2,0,0])union(){
		translate([-cs_radius*inside*cs,0,0])cube([2*L,2*L,H-4*T*inside],center=true);
		if (inside && cs){
			translate([L-cs_radius,0,0])rotate([90,0,0])union(){
				if (cs_type=="rounded") {
					cylinder(h=2*L,r=cs_radius,center=true);
					translate([0,-cs_radius/2,0])
						cube([2*cs_radius,cs_radius,2*L],center=true);
				}
				else if (cs_type=="beveled") {
					rotate([0,0,45])cube([cs_length,cs_length,2*L],center=true);
					translate([0,-cs_radius/2,0])
						cube([2*cs_radius,cs_radius,2*L],center=true);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
}

module monogram(h=1)
linear_extrude(height=h,center=true)
translate(-[3,2.5])union(){
	difference(){
		square([4,5]);
		translate([1,1])square([2,3]);
	}
	square([6,1]);
	translate([0,2])square([2,1]);
}

module HD4D(h=1) {
	module letterH()
		union(){
			square([1,5]);
			translate([3,0])square([1,5]);
			translate([0,2])square([4,1]);
		}
	module digit4()
		difference(){
			letterH();
			square([1,2]);
		}
	module letterD()
		union(){
			difference(){
				square([1.5,5]);
				translate([1,1])square([0.5,3]);
			}
			translate([1.5,2.5])difference(){
				circle(2.5,$fn=24);
				circle(1.5,$fn=24);
				translate([-3,-2.5])square([3,5]);
			}
		}
linear_extrude(height=h,center=true)
	union(){
		translate([-4.5, 0.5])letterH();
		translate([-4.5,-5.5])digit4();
		translate([ 0.5, 0.5])letterD();
		translate([ 0.5,-5.5])letterD();
	}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a set screw ring, basically a collar that can be tightened onto a shaft using a set screw. I'd like to be able to customize it for different screw sizes and ring dimensions. Here are the specifics I need:

*   **Screw Sizes:** I need it to work with M2, M2.5, M3, and M4 set screws. I want to be able to easily select which size is being used.
*   **Screw Type:** It needs to support both countersunk and headless set screws. The code should be able to choose between the two.
*   **Ring Dimensions:**
    *   I need to set the inner diameter of the ring, which will be the diameter of the shaft it's going onto.
    *   I need to be able to set the width of the ring (or additional radius from the inner diameter).
    *   I need to set the thickness of the ring.
*   **Tolerances:** The code should include a variable for printing tolerance, specifically for XY axis. Also, please use a 5% larger wall thickness relative to the nozzle diameter, and allow specifying a nozzle diameter.
*   **Corner Radius:** It would be great to have a variable for controlling the corner radius of the ring.
*   **Nut:** The design should incorporate a slot to hold a standard nut that corresponds to the selected screw size, so the screw pushes against the nut which applies the tightening force to the shaft. I don't want to rely on a directly cut thread.
*   **Constraints/Assertions:** It should include checks to ensure the ring thickness is large enough to accommodate the nut plus a bit more and that there is enough material between the nut slot and outer perimeter (at least two wall thicknesses). When using a countersunk screw, it also needs to check for a collision of the countersink with the nut, prompting the user to increase the width if a conflict is found.
*   **Print Optimizations:** A wall thickness based on the nozzle diameter should be used in the design, and I should be able to define the nozzle diameter.

Finally, the code should output a helpful echo message informing the user of optimal set screw length (based on the ring width and printing tolerance), accounting for the type of screw.

I'd prefer the code to be written from scratch, not building upon existing designs, so please don't rely on any externally defined libraries. Thanks!

[Assistant]
set-screw-ring.scad:
```
// Copyright 2021 Daniel Starke
// Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)

// Set screw size index according to ISO 261.
D_SCREW = 0; // [0:M2,1:M2.5,2:M3,3:M4]
// Screw type.
O_SCREW = 0; // [0:Countersink,1:Headless]
// Ring inner diameter.
D_INNER = 8; // [0.1:0.1:100]
// Ring width / additional ring radius.
W_RING = 4.3; // [4.3:0.1:100]
// Ring thickness.
T_RING = 6; // [5.7:0.1:50]
// Nozzle diameter.
D_NOZZLE = 0.4; // [0.1:0.1:1]
// Corner radius.
R_CORNER = 1; // [0.1:0.1:2]
// XY printing tolerancy.
T_XY = 0.1; // [0:0.05:1]

/* [Hidden] */
// Wall thickness. This should be 5% larger than the nozzle diameter.
T_WALL = D_NOZZLE * 1.05;
// Minimal z-border thickness.
T_MIN = 1;
// Epsilon for mathematic rounding compensation.
EPS = 0.01;
// Number of fragments.
$fn = 100;

module rounded2d(r = 0) {
	offset(r = r) offset(r = -r) children();
}

// ISO 261 values.
//          M2   M2.5 M3    M4
D_THREAD = [2.4, 2.9, 3.40, 4.5];
H_THREAD = [1.2, 1.6, 1.65, 2.7];
A_THREAD = [3.8, 4.7, 5.50, 8.4];
M_NUT =    [1.6, 2.0, 2.40, 3.2];
S_NUT =    [4.0, 5.0, 5.50, 7.0];
E_NUT =    [4.4, 5.5, 6.10, 7.7];

// Internal values.
R_INNER = D_INNER / 2;
R_OUTER = R_INNER + W_RING + T_XY + EPS;
D_SCREW2 = D_THREAD[D_SCREW] + T_XY;
W_RING2 = W_RING + T_XY + EPS;
D_SINK = H_THREAD[D_SCREW] + T_XY;
D_SINK2 = A_THREAD[D_SCREW] + T_XY;
T_NUT = M_NUT[D_SCREW] + (2 * T_XY);
W_NUT = S_NUT[D_SCREW] + (2 * T_XY);
H_NUT = E_NUT[D_SCREW] + (2 * T_XY);

assert(T_RING >= (H_NUT + T_MIN), "Ring thickness (Z axis) is too little for the selected screw diameter.");
assert((norm([W_NUT / 2, R_INNER + T_XY + (W_RING2 / 2) + (T_NUT / 2)]) + (2 * T_WALL)) < R_OUTER, "Wall between screw nut and outer shell is smaller than two perimeters.");
if (O_SCREW == 0) {
	assert(((W_RING2 - T_NUT) / 2) > D_SINK, "Countersink part of the screw collides with the nut. Increase difference between inner and outer ring diameter.");
	echo(str("Optimal set screw length: ", ceil(W_RING2 + T_XY), "mm (Outside extend: ", ceil(W_RING2 + T_XY) - W_RING2 + T_XY, "mm)"));
} else {
	echo(str("Optimal set screw length: ", floor(W_RING2 + T_XY), "mm"));
}

// Complete screw set ring.
difference() {
	// Plain ring.
	rotate_extrude() translate([R_INNER + T_XY, 0, 0])
	rounded2d(R_CORNER) square([W_RING2, T_RING]);
	// Set screw hole.
	translate([0, 0, T_RING / 2]) rotate([0, 90, 0])
	cylinder(R_OUTER + T_XY + EPS, d = D_SCREW2);
	// Set screw sink.
	if (O_SCREW == 0) {
		translate([R_OUTER + (2 * T_XY) - D_SINK, 0, T_RING / 2]) rotate([0, 90, 0])
		cylinder(D_SINK, d1 = D_SCREW2, d2 = D_SINK2);
	}
	// Nut slot.
	translate([R_INNER + T_XY + (W_RING2 / 2) - (T_NUT / 2), -(W_NUT / 2), (T_RING - H_NUT) / 2])
	cube([T_NUT, W_NUT, H_NUT + (T_RING / 2)]);
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a set of linked coasters, and I'd like to be able to customize their size, arrangement, and other features. I'd like to be able to make a version of this with either a square or a triangle arrangement.

Specifically, here are the parameters I'd like to control:

*   **Number of rows:**  I need to specify how many coasters there are in the x-dimension.
*   **Number of columns:**  I also need to be able to control the number of coasters in the y-dimension.
*   **Arrangement:** I want to choose between a "Square" grid or a "Triangle" grid arrangement for the coasters.
*   **Inside Diameter:** The inner diameter of the coaster, where the can sits.
*   **Thickness:** The thickness of the walls and the base of the coaster.
*   **Lip Height:** I want an optional raised lip around the edge of the coaster to contain condensation. This should have a customizable height, and it should also have an inside cylinder which prevents overlap with the base. If I set the lip height to zero, then it's just a flat disk.

I would like this generated as an OpenSCAD file or files, using standard OpenSCAD primitives. I don't want to use any external libraries.

[Assistant]
customizable_coaster_2.scad:
```
// Customizable Linked Coasters
// by Daniel Kufer

//coasters in the x dimension
rows = 3; //[1:10]

//coasters in the y dimension
columns = 3; //[1:10]

//arrangement
arrangement = "Triangle"; //[Square,Triangle]

// Diameter of the inside in millimeters.
inside_diameter = 70; //[50:250]

// Tickness of the walls and floor in millimeters.
thickness = 4; //[1:10]

// The height of the lip of the coaster (0 for just a flat disc).
lip_height = 5; //[0:20]

outside_diameter = inside_diameter + (thickness * 2);

module coaster(x, y) {
    translate([x,y,0]){
      difference() {
        cylinder(d=outside_diameter, h=(thickness + lip_height));

        if (lip_height > 0) {
          translate([0,0,thickness])
          cylinder(d=inside_diameter, h=(lip_height+1));
        }
      }
  }
}

if(arrangement == "Square") {
    for(i = [0:1:rows - 1]) {
        for(j = [0:1:columns - 1]) {
            coaster(i * inside_diameter + (thickness) * i,j * inside_diameter + (thickness) * j);
        }
    }
}
else
{
    xPosition = 0;
    yPosition = 0;
    height = sqrt(3)/2;
    for(i = [0:1:rows - 1]) {

        xPosition = i * inside_diameter + (thickness) * i;
        xPositionTwo = xPosition * height;

        for(j = [0:1:columns - 1]) {
            yPosition = j * inside_diameter + (thickness) * j;

            if(i / 2 != round(i / 2)){
                coaster(xPositionTwo,yPosition + (outside_diameter / 2) - (thickness * height / 2));
            }
            else {
                coaster(xPositionTwo,yPosition);
            }
        }
    }
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a flashlight mount that attaches to a camera cold shoe. I've got a small EDC flashlight that I want to use, and my cold shoe mount has a lot of gap, so I'll need a clamp on both sides of the shoe to hold it securely. I'd like the design to be parametric so I can adjust it for different flashlights or shoe widths.

Specifically, I envision a design with these key features:

*   **Cold Shoe Mount:** A base that slides into a standard camera cold shoe. This should be a rectangular prism with a defined thickness and width.
*   **Top Clamp:**  Another rectangular prism of the same dimensions as the base, positioned above it with a specified gap. This clamp should be optional with a parameter.
*   **Vertical Post:** A vertical piece connecting the cold shoe mount to the flashlight clamp. This post should have adjustable height to accommodate the desired clearance of the flashlight.
*   **Flashlight Clamp:** A ring that holds the flashlight. This should have a diameter slightly smaller than the flashlight itself to provide a secure grip. The clamp should have a gap for easy insertion of the flashlight.
*   **Clamp Gap:** The clamp should have a gap cut into it for inserting a light. This should be a V-shape at an adjustable angle.

Here are some parameters I think I'll need:

*   `mountBracketThickness`: Thickness of the cold shoe mounting brackets.
*   `hasTopClamp`: Boolean to enable/disable the top cold shoe clamp.
*   `gapDistance`: The gap between the top and bottom mounting brackets.
*   `clearance`: The vertical distance from the cold shoe mount to the bottom of the flashlight ring.
*   `flashlightDiameter`: The diameter of the flashlight.
*   `clampTightness`: The amount the clamp is smaller than the flashlight diameter.
*   `clampDepth`: The depth of the flashlight clamp.
*   `clampThickness`: The thickness of the material of the ring.
*   `clampGapAngle`: The angle of the gap in the flashlight clamp.
*   `mountWidth`: The width of the coldshoe mount.

I think it'll be helpful to have a single .scad file for this. Can you generate that for me? I'm not familiar with any OpenSCAD libraries, so I don't think I need any at this time.

[Assistant]
cold_shoe_light_mount.scad:
```
/* [Mounting Bracket] */

// thickness of mounting brackets
mountBracketThickness = 2.24;

// should there be a top clamp
hasTopClamp = true;

// gap between top and bottom brackets
gapDistance = 1.5;

/* [Flashlight Params] */
// how much clearance does the light need
clearance = 18;

// diameter of flashlight
flashlightDiameter = 15;

// how much smaller should the ring be than the light
clampTightness = 2;

// how deep is the clamp
clampDepth = 9.5;

// how thick is the clamp
clampThickness = 1.5;

// what angle should the clamp gap be cut at
clampGapAngle = 120; // [10:170]

/* [Hidden ] */
// the width of the mounting bracket
mountWidth = 18;

// computed values
clampRadius = (flashlightDiameter - clampTightness) / 2;
ringRadius = clampRadius + clampThickness;
totalColumnLength = gapDistance + mountBracketThickness + clearance;
ringCenter = totalColumnLength + clampRadius;

difference() {
    // solid part
    union() {
        // coldshoe mount
        cube([mountBracketThickness, mountWidth, mountWidth]);

        // clamp for coldshoe to hold fast
        if (hasTopClamp)
            translate([gapDistance + mountBracketThickness, 0, 0])
                cube([mountBracketThickness, mountWidth, mountWidth]);

        // post
        translate([0, (mountWidth - 6) / 2, 0])
            color("green") cube([ringCenter, 6, clampDepth]);

        color("red") hull() {
            // post support
            translate([0, (mountWidth - 10) / 2, 0])
                cube([gapDistance + mountBracketThickness * 2 + 3, 10, 13]);

            translate([0, (mountWidth - 6) / 2, 0])
                cube([totalColumnLength - 4.3, 6, clampDepth]);
        };

        // clamp
        translate([ringCenter, mountWidth / 2, 0])
            color("blue") cylinder(h = clampDepth, r = ringRadius, $fn = 60);
    }

    // hole
    translate([ringCenter, mountWidth / 2, 0])
        cylinder(h = clampDepth, r = clampRadius, $fn = 60);

    // flashlight gap
    translate([ringCenter, mountWidth / 2, 0])
        linear_extrude(height = clampDepth) {
            verticalOffset = tan(clampGapAngle / 2) * ringRadius;
            polygon(points=[[0,0], [ringRadius,verticalOffset], [ringRadius,-verticalOffset]]);
        };
};

for (side = [-1, 1]) {
    translate([ringCenter, mountWidth / 2, 0])
        rotate([0, 0, clampGapAngle / 2 * side])
            translate([(ringRadius + clampRadius) / 2, 0, 0])
                color("cyan") cylinder(h = clampDepth, r = clampThickness / 2, $fn = 60);
};
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a customizable S-hook. I'd like it to be rounded, not square like some of the designs out there. It needs to have a straight section in the middle, and curved sections on the top and bottom. I also want the option to add either a ball or a spike end cap on each side.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   `straight_length`: The length of the straight section in the middle of the hook.
*   `rod_radius`: The thickness/radius of the rod the hook is made from.
*   `curve_radius_top`: The radius of the top curve.
*   `curve_angle_top`: The angle of the top curve (in degrees).
*   `curve_radius_bottom`: The radius of the bottom curve.
*   `curve_angle_bottom`: The angle of the bottom curve (in degrees).
*   `caps`: A string to choose the end cap style; options should be "ball", "spike", or "none"
*    `cap_size`: A multiple of the rod radius to determine cap size
*   `$fn`: The number of faces to use to make the curves look smooth.

I think it should use `rotate_extrude` to make the curved parts. For the ball cap, I guess you'd use a sphere and scale it to get the right size and flatten it. For the spike, maybe a cylinder. And it should be easy to choose "none" for no caps.

I'm hoping you can generate the full OpenSCAD code for me, as I'm not great with OpenSCAD myself.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
EMU-S-Hook.scad:
```
/*
Even-More-Ultimate S-Hook by Paul Ruane 2021

This is a customizable, rounded S-hook with optional end caps for hanging whatever you want, wherever you want it!

It's possible to customize:

* Top curve size and opening angle
* Bottom curve size and opening angle
* Thickness
* Length
* End cap style and size
* Smoothness of curves

An oversize ball cap stops stuff falling off in the wind, or in a moving vehicle, &c.

A same size spike cap lets you spear soft substances, like bread or paper, on the hook.
Enjoy.
*/

// Change the values below to adjust its sizing:

straight_length = 10; // length of the straight section of the hook
rod_radius = 1; // thickness of the rod
curve_radius_top = 5; // size of the top curve
curve_angle_top = 240; // angle of the top curve
curve_radius_bottom = 8; // size of the bottom curve
curve_angle_bottom = 240; // angle of the bottom curve
caps = "ball"; // end cap style: 'ball', 'spike' or 'none'
cap_size = 1.5; // in multiples of the rod size
$fn = 20; // number of faces on rounded bits

// module for drawing half a hook
module half_hook(cr, ca)
{
  translate([0,cr,0])
  rotate(-90)
  {
    rotate_extrude(angle=ca)
    translate([cr,0,0])
    circle(rod_radius);

    if (caps == "ball")
    {
      rotate(ca-180)
      translate([-cr,0,0])
      resize([rod_radius*cap_size*2,rod_radius*cap_size*2,rod_radius*2]) // flatten the cap
      sphere(rod_radius*cap_size);
    }
    else if (caps == "spike")
    {
      rotate(ca-180)
      translate([-cr,0,0])
      resize([rod_radius*cap_size*2,rod_radius*cap_size*2,rod_radius*2]) // flatten the cap
      rotate([90,90,0])
      cylinder(rod_radius*cap_size,rod_radius*cap_size,0);
    }
  }
}

// top half
half_hook(curve_radius_top, curve_angle_top);

// rod

translate([-straight_length,0,0])
rotate([0,90,0])
linear_extrude(straight_length)
circle(rod_radius);

// bottom half
translate([-straight_length,0,0])
rotate(180)
half_hook(curve_radius_bottom, curve_angle_bottom);
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable backplate for a motherboard, specifically designed for the ASUS H61MV-ITX. I've got some dimensions and cutout locations, and I'd like to make it parametric so I can easily adjust things if needed.

Here's the breakdown of what I'm looking for:

**Core Dimensions & Parameters:**

*   **Backplate Size:**  The base backplate size should be defined by `backbase` which is a vector for x, y, and z, defaults to `[157, 42, 1]`. This should be a parameter.
*   **Edge Thickness & Height:** The backplate will have a raised edge. The thickness of this edge will be defined by `edge_thickness` which defaults to `1` and the height will be `edge_height`, defaulting to `3`.  These should be parameters too.
*   **Edge Offset:** There should be a space between the main backplate and the raised edge defined by `edge_offset`, defaulting to `2`, which should also be a parameter.
*   **Snap-in Dots:**  The raised edge should include snap-in dots, with `edge_dots` defaulting to `[9, 4]` on each side. This determines spacing, so the values are per-side, these also should be parameters.
*   **Dot Z-Position:** The dots should be placed up the edge, with `dotzratio` controlling the vertical positioning defaulting to `.6`, and `dotsize`, defaulting to `.5`, setting the radius of the dots, these should both be parameters too.
*   **Cutouts:** There will be multiple cutouts in the backplate for different ports (PS/2, VGA, HDMI, USB, Ethernet, and Audio). These should be defined by a list of position and size, for example `[[4, 4], [14, 28]]` which corresponds to `[x,y],[width,height]`. The locations and sizes of these should be parameters.
*  **Bottom Offset:**  The cutouts should have an offset from the bottom, defined by `bottom_offset`, defaulting to `5`.
*   **`fix_nonmanifold` parameter:** The fix_nonmanifold value, defaulting to `.2`, needs to be a parameter. This should affect the cutouts as well.

**Design Details:**

*   The main body of the backplate should be a simple rectangular prism.
*   The raised edges should form a rectangular frame around the backplate.
*   The snap-in dots should be spherical and positioned along the raised edges, spaced according to `edge_dots` and offset from the edge slightly as demonstrated by the `dotshift` variable, defaulting to `.05`.
*   The cutouts for ports should be subtracted from the main backplate, respecting the `bottom_offset`.
*   Everything should be designed in OpenSCAD with parameters at the top so it can be easily customized.
*   I'd like to have the ability to move and resize the cutouts for other motherboard configurations using parameters.

I'm thinking the code would use these operations:

*   `cube` to create the base backplate, raised edges, and the cutouts.
*   `difference` to create the cutouts.
*   `translate` to position all the parts in 3D space.
*  `sphere` to create the snap-in dots.
*   `union` to combine all the elements.

I think that's everything. Can you help me generate the OpenSCAD file or files? I'm not using any special libraries that I know of.

[Assistant]
backplate_H61MV-ITX.scad:
```
/* [Main] */

// Vector of move(x,y), size(x, y) pairs
cutouts = [
    [ [ 4,   4 ],   [ 14, 28 ] ], // PS/2
    [ [ 18,  0 ],   [ 31, 11.5 ] ], // VGA
    [ [ 36, -0.5 ], [ 15, 6  ] ], // HDMI
    [ [ 19,  0.5 ], [ 16, 15 ] ], // USB
    [ [ 18,  0 ],   [ 17, 30 ] ], // USB+ETH
    [ [ 34,  0 ],   [ 12, 34 ] ], // Audio
];

// Bottom of cutouts to bottom edge
bottom_offset = 5;

/* [RarelyNeeded] */
// Window size: 159x44 mm
// x-offset: 1 mm
// y-offset: 1 mm
// Size of backplate (x, y, z)
backbase = [ 157, 42, 1 ];
// Raised edge thickness
edge_thickness = 1;
// Raised edge height
edge_height = 3;
// Spacing around raised edge
edge_offset = 2;
// Snap-in dots per side
edge_dots = [ 9, 4 ];
// How far up the edge to start dots
dotzratio = .6; // [0:1]

/* [Hidden] */
// origin
origin = [0, 0, 0];
// Shift Dot Sphere
dotshift = .05;
// Dot Sphere Size
dotsize = .5;

backwithedge = [ backbase.x + 2 * (edge_offset + edge_thickness), backbase.y + 2 * (edge_thickness + edge_offset), backbase.z ];
fix_nonmanifold = .2;
backz = backbase.z + fix_nonmanifold;

module addCutouts(cutouts, n) {
    curcutnum = len(cutouts) - n;
    if (n > 0) {
        if (curcutnum == 0) {
          translate([cutouts[curcutnum][0][0], cutouts[curcutnum][0][1], -(fix_nonmanifold) / 2]) {
             cube([cutouts[curcutnum][1][0], cutouts[curcutnum][1][1], backz], false);
              addCutouts(cutouts, n - 1);
          }
        } else {
          translate([cutouts[curcutnum][0][0], cutouts[curcutnum][0][1], 0]) {
             cube([cutouts[curcutnum][1][0], cutouts[curcutnum][1][1], backz], false);
              addCutouts(cutouts, n - 1);
          }
      }
   }
}

module addEdges(edgetrfms, eoff, eheight) {
  for (edgetrfm = edgetrfms) {
     translate([edgetrfm[0][0] + eoff, edgetrfm[0][1] + eoff, edgetrfm[0][2] ]) {
        cube([edgetrfm[1][0], edgetrfm[1][1], eheight ], false);
        spacingx = floor(edgetrfm[1][0] / edgetrfm[2][0]);
        spacingy = floor(edgetrfm[1][1] / edgetrfm[2][1]);
        enddotx = edgetrfm[2][0];
        enddoty = edgetrfm[2][1];
        dshiftx = edgetrfm[0][0] ? dotshift + edge_thickness : dotshift;
        dshifty = edgetrfm[0][1] ? dotshift + edge_thickness : dotshift;
        shiftx = spacingy ? dshiftx: 0;
        shifty = spacingx ? dshifty: 0;
        for (dotoff = [1:((spacingx ? enddotx : enddoty) - 1)]) {
           translate([ spacingx * dotoff + shiftx, spacingy * dotoff + shifty, dotzratio * edge_height]) {
              sphere(dotsize);
            }
         }
     }
  }
}
 translate(origin) {
  union() {
      difference() {
        cube(backwithedge, false);
        translate([edge_offset + edge_thickness, edge_offset + edge_thickness, 0]) {
           addCutouts(cutouts, len(cutouts));
        }
    }
    union() {
      addEdges([
        [ [ 0, 0, backbase.z ], [ backbase.x + 2 * edge_thickness, edge_thickness, 0 ], edge_dots ],
        [ [ 0, 0, backbase.z ], [ edge_thickness, backbase.y + 2 * edge_thickness, 0 ], edge_dots ],
        [ [ 0, backbase.y + edge_thickness, backbase.z ], [ backbase.x + 2 * edge_thickness, edge_thickness, 0 ], edge_dots ],
       [ [ backbase.x + edge_thickness, 0, backbase.z ], [ edge_thickness, backbase.y + 2 * edge_thickness, 0 ], edge_dots ]
      ], edge_offset, edge_height);
    }
  }
};
```