[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable Viking helmet, and I'd like the design to be parametric so I can easily adjust different aspects of it. I have some specific ideas about the features and how I'd like them to be adjustable, but I'm not sure how best to approach this in OpenSCAD.

Here’s the general idea:

*   **Helmet Bowl:** The main part of the helmet should be a rounded bowl shape, with a diameter that I can specify. It should also be able to be set as hollow, with a definable wall thickness. I also want the option to flatten the very bottom for printability.

*   **Bands:** There should be decorative bands at the base, top, and around the base of the horns. I want to be able to set the band width and how far they rise from the surface of the helmet (the band thickness, I guess?). These should also have lips (a sort of border) at the edges, also with definable thickness and with rivets spaced around them.

*  **Horns:** These will be spiral horns, and I want a lot of control over their shape. I need to be able to define their starting and ending radius, the amount of curve in the spiral (how many rotations), the height of the spiral, and the number of segments used to make up the spiral (the "stages"). I'll also want to control the starting and ending thickness of the horns. I also need to set the position of the horns on the helmet, like how far from the center they are located and their forward/backward tilt. The horns should have a band where they connect to the helmet, with a lip and rivets.

I'd like a single SCAD file that defines all the parameters at the beginning. I don't need to specify the number of polygons in the design, the `$fn` value, I'm happy with a default. I think that's all the main stuff for now. I'm not sure what libraries you would need for this, but if you use any, please let me know which ones you've used.

[Assistant]
customizable_horn_helmet.scad:
```
//Built-in constant that controlls the number of polygons
$fn=120;
//Diameter of the bowl part of the helmet
helmetD=60;
helmetR=helmetD/2;
//Width of the bands on the top of the helmet, around the base, and around the horns.
bandWidth=8;
//How far the bands raise from the surface
bandThickness=.2;
//Radius of the bumps along the bands
rivetSize = 1;
//Radius of the lips on the sides of the bands
bandBorderSize = 1;

//The horns follow a spiral shape. This controls the starting radius.
hornCurveMaxRadius = 30;
//This controls the end radius.
hornCurveMinRadius = 25;
//How much of a curve the helmet has. 1 is a full circle
hornCurveAmount = .3;
//Depth of the spiral the horn follows. 0 is a flat spiral
hornCurveHeight = 3;
//Starting thickness of the horn
hornMaxThickness = 8;
//Ending thickness of the horn
hornMinThickness = 0;
//Number of segments that make up the horn
hornCurveStages = 60;
//Position of the horns on the helmet
hornPosition = 20;
//Makes the horns tilt forward or backward
hornAngle = 10;
//Hollows out the helmet,
hollow=true;
//Thickness of the helmet, if hollow.
wallThickness = 2;
//cuts off part of bottom band for more build platform contact.
flatBottom=true;

/*
sin(a)=opp/hyp
a=asin(opp/hyp)
tan(a)=opp/adj

x^2+y^2=r^2
y^2=r^2-x^2
y=sqrt(r^2-x^2);
*/

difference(){
rotateCopy([0,0,90]){
rotate([90,0,0]){
cylinder(r=helmetR+bandThickness,h=bandWidth,center=true);
}}

translate([0,0,-helmetR])
cube([helmetD+bandThickness*2+1,helmetD+bandThickness*2+1,helmetD],center=true);
if(hollow==true){
        sphere(r=helmetR-wallThickness);

    }
}

for(i=[(360/24):360/24:360]){
    rotate(i)
    translate([helmetR+bandThickness,0,-bandWidth/2])
    sphere(r=rivetSize);
}

//rivets on top
rotateCopy([0,0,90])
for(i=[(360/24):360/24:180-360/24]){
    rotate([i,0,0])
    translate([0,helmetR+bandThickness,0])
    sphere(r=rivetSize);
}

//top band
rotate_extrude()
translate([helmetR+bandThickness,0,0])
rotate([0,0,90])
circle(r=bandBorderSize);

//bottom
difference(){
translate([0,0,-bandWidth]){
rotate_extrude()
translate([helmetR+bandThickness,0,0])
rotate([0,0,90])
circle(r=bandBorderSize);}

if(flatBottom==true){
translate([0,0,-helmetR-bandBorderSize-bandWidth])
cube([helmetD+4*bandBorderSize,helmetD+4*bandBorderSize,helmetD+2*bandBorderSize],center=true);
}

}

//middle part of band
difference(){
    translate([0,0,-bandWidth])
    cylinder(r=helmetR+bandThickness,h=bandWidth);

    if(hollow==true){
        translate([0,0,-bandWidth-1])
        cylinder(r=helmetR-wallThickness,h=bandWidth+2);

    }

}

mirrorCopy([0,1,0])
mirrorCopy([1,0,0]){

//the corner where the edges of the bands meet
difference(){
    intersection(){
        translate([bandWidth/2,0,0])
        rotate([90,0,90])
        band();

        translate([0,bandWidth/2,0])
        rotate([90,0,0])
        band();

    }
      //cuts off bottom
        translate([0,0,-helmetD])
        cube([helmetD*2,helmetD*2,helmetD*2],center=true);
}
difference(){
union(){
mirror([1,0,0])
rotate(90)
bandPart();
bandPart();
}
if(hollow==true){
        sphere(r=helmetR-wallThickness);

    }
}
}

module bandPart(){
    difference(){
            //puts band in position
            translate([bandWidth/2,0,0])
            rotate([90,0,90])
            band();

            //cuts off side
            translate([0,-helmetD+bandWidth/2,-1])
            cube([helmetD,helmetD,helmetD]);

            //cuts off bottom
            translate([0,0,-helmetD])
            cube([helmetD*2,helmetD*2,helmetD*2],center=true);
    }
}

module band(){
rotate_extrude()
translate([sqrt(pow(helmetR,2)-pow(bandWidth/2,2)),0,0])
rotate([0,0,90])
circle(r=bandBorderSize);
}

difference(){
sphere(r=helmetR);
translate([0,0,-helmetR/2-1])
cube([helmetD+1,helmetD+1,helmetR+2],center=true);
    if(hollow==true){
        sphere(r=helmetR-wallThickness);

    }
}

mirrorCopy([1,0,0])
rotate([-90+hornAngle,hornPosition,0])
rotate([0,0,90])
translate([-hornCurveMaxRadius,sqrt(pow(helmetR,2)-pow(hornMaxThickness/2,2)    )+bandWidth,0])
union(){
horn(
r1 = hornCurveMaxRadius,
r2 = hornCurveMinRadius,

rotations = hornCurveAmount,
height = hornCurveHeight,
stages = hornCurveStages,
subR1 = hornMaxThickness,
subR2 = hornMinThickness);

for(i=[360/12:360/12:360]){
    translate([hornCurveMaxRadius,-bandWidth/2,0])
    rotate([0,i,0])
    translate([0,0,hornMaxThickness+bandThickness])
    sphere(r=rivetSize);
}

//horn coupler band
translate([hornCurveMaxRadius,0,0])
rotate([90,0,0])
cylinder(r=hornMaxThickness+bandThickness,h=bandWidth);

//ring where horn meets helmet
translate([hornCurveMaxRadius,-bandWidth,0])
rotate([90,0,0])
rotate_extrude()
translate([hornMaxThickness,0,0])
circle(r=bandBorderSize);

//ring at base of horn
translate([hornCurveMaxRadius,0,0])
rotate([90,0,0])
rotate_extrude()
translate([hornMaxThickness,0,0])
circle(r=bandBorderSize);

}

module horn(r1 = 30,
r2 = 10,
rotations = .8,
height = 50,
stages = 60,
subR1 = 5,
subR2 = 1){

stepSize = rotations*360/stages;
endDegree = rotations*360 - 1*stepSize;
for(i=[0:stepSize:endDegree]){

    hull(){
    rotate(i)
    translate([rFromDegree(i),0,zFromDegree(i)])
    disc(r=subRFromDegree(i));

    rotate(i+stepSize)
    translate([rFromDegree(i+stepSize),0,zFromDegree(i+stepSize)])
    disc(r=subRFromDegree(i+stepSize));
    }

}

function rFromDegree(degree)=
    let(
        totalDegrees = 360*rotations,
        percentOfRotation = degree/totalDegrees,
        displacement = (r1-r2)*percentOfRotation,
        currentR = r1-displacement
    )currentR;

function subRFromDegree(degree)=
    let(
        totalDegrees = 360*rotations,
        percentOfRotation = degree/totalDegrees,
        displacement = (subR1-subR2)*percentOfRotation,
        currentR = subR1-displacement
    )currentR;

function zFromDegree(degree)=
    let(
        totalDegrees = 360*rotations,
        percentOfRotation = degree/totalDegrees,
        currentZ = height*percentOfRotation
    )currentZ;

module disc(r=1){

    rotate([90,0,0])
    linear_extrude(.0001)
    circle(r=r);
}
   }

module mirrorCopy(vector){
   children();
    mirror(vector)
    children();

}
module rotateCopy(vector){
    children();
    rotate(vector)
    children();
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design some corner guards for childproofing, and I'd like to be able to customize them with OpenSCAD. Basically, I want a guard that wraps around a corner, with a rounded profile on the bottom for easy printing. The user should be able to set the overall size of the guard (how far it extends from the corner) and the thickness of the material. I'd like the option to adjust the corner resolution, too, so I can smooth out or roughen the corners as needed. I think using a flexible filament is best, so I need to be able to make the guards thick enough to resist a child's poking.

Specifically, I envision a design that uses three basic shapes: two quarter-cylinder sections and a few cuboids that fill in the gaps between them. The quarter-cylinders will be created with `linear_extrude` and `polygon` commands, and then the cubes will be added with the `cube` command. I think the best approach would be to make the rounded edges with a quarter-circle, and `linear_extrude` that shape.

I'm imagining the final design should look something like two quarter-cylinder shapes extending out from the corner on each side, with the two cubes forming the base of the corner protector and adding the needed material to make a full corner. A third quarter-cylinder will go on the back to fill in that corner as well. So, the main shapes I need are two quarter-circles and three cubes. The rounded parts should be on the bottom of the guard, to make it easy to print on a printer bed.

The user should be able to adjust:

*   `size`: the overall size of the guard, which is how far out from the corner it extends, measured in millimeters
*   `thickness`: the thickness of the guard's material, in millimeters
*   `resolution`: the smoothness of the rounded corners, in millimeters

Could you please generate an OpenSCAD file that does this? I'm not using any external libraries at the moment.

[Assistant]
Corner.scad:
```
//Size in mm
size      = 25;

//Thickness in mm, thicker guard will work better but would print slower and requires more material
thickness = 5;

//Resolution of the corners in mm. Reduce this value to have smoother corner, increase to have rougher corners.
resolution   = 1;

/* [hidden] */

pi = 3.1416;

module p1(r, h) {
    len=r*pi/2;
    s = ceil(len / resolution);
    steps = s < 6 ? 6 : s;
    ang = 90/steps;

    pts = [for(i=[0:ang:90.01]) [cos(i)*r, sin(i)*r]];
    linear_extrude(height=h)
    polygon(concat([[0,0]], pts));
}

module p2(r, h) {
    len=r*pi/2;
    s = ceil(len / resolution);
    steps = s < 6 ? 6 : s;
    ang = 90/steps;

    pts = [for(i=[0:ang:90.01]) [cos(i)*r, sin(i)*r]];
    linear_extrude(height=h)
    polygon(concat([[0,r*2], [r*2,r*2], [r*2,0]], pts));
}

r = size;
h = thickness;

difference() {
  union() {
    rotate([0, 0, 0])
    translate([-h, -h, 0])
        p1(r+h, h);

    translate([0,-h,0])
    cube([r,h,h]);
    translate([-h,0,0])
    cube([h,r,h]);

    rotate([90, 0, 0])
        p1(r, h);
    rotate([0, -90, 0])
        p1(r, h);

    rotate([0,0,180])
        p1(h, r);
  }

  rotate([0,0,180])
        p2(h, r);

  rotate([0,0,90])
  translate([r-h-0.4,0,0])
        p2(h, r);

  rotate([0,0,-90])
  translate([0,r-h-0.4,0])
        p2(h, r);

}
```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a blind cord connector, specifically the type that joins two ends of a beaded cord together. I need it to be parametric so I can adjust the bead size, spacing, and the number of beads it can hold.

Here's what I have in mind:

*   **Bead Diameter:**  This should be a variable. I'd like to be able to specify the diameter of the beads on my cord.
*   **Gap Between Beads:**  I also need to set the space between the beads when they're inside the connector.
*   **Number of Beads:** The connector should hold a certain number of beads. I need to be able to specify how many.

The connector should basically be a semi-cylindrical housing that holds the beaded cord with a channel for the string to run through. Think of it like a log that has been sliced lengthwise, then had a groove cut out of the flat side to snugly contain the beads.  There should be holes at each end and between the beads for the cord to pass through.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD code for this? I think it needs to generate at least two modules: one for the overall connector and another for the beaded channel. No other libraries are needed.

[Assistant]
blind-beaded-chain-connector.scad:
```
Bead_Diameter=3; //[1:.5:9]
Gap_Between_Beads=.8;
Beads_Count = 4; //[2:5]

/* [Hidden] */
// Design Object(s)
render()blindCordConnector(Bead_Diameter, Gap_Between_Beads, Beads_Count);

// Entire Connector
module blindCordConnector(Bead_Diameter=3, Gap_Between_Beads=1.1, Beads_Count=3)
{
  $fn=35;
  distance = Bead_Diameter+Gap_Between_Beads;
  housingWidth = 1.7*Bead_Diameter;
  //rotate( [180,0,180])
  difference() {
    halfLog(housingWidth,Beads_Count,distance);
    cordHole(Bead_Diameter,Beads_Count,distance);
    }
}

// Hole for String and Beads
module cordHole(Bead_Diameter,Beads_Count,distance)
{
    translate([-distance, 0, .5*Bead_Diameter])
      hull() {
        sphere(d=.25*Bead_Diameter);
        translate([distance*(Beads_Count+1),0,0]) sphere(d=.25*Bead_Diameter);
        translate([0,0,Bead_Diameter]) sphere(d=.25*Bead_Diameter);
        translate([distance*(Beads_Count+1),0,Bead_Diameter]) sphere(d=.25*Bead_Diameter);

  }
    for(i=[-1:Beads_Count])
      translate([i*(distance), 0, .8*Bead_Diameter]) sphere(d = 1.2*Bead_Diameter);
}

// Case After Halving
module halfLog(housingWidth,Beads_Count,distance)
{
  difference() {
    translate([0, 0, housingWidth/2]) hull() {
        sphere(d = housingWidth);
        translate([(Beads_Count-1)*distance, 0, 0]) sphere(d = housingWidth);
        }
        translate([-distance, -.5*housingWidth,3*housingWidth/4])
      cube(size = [distance*(Beads_Count+1), housingWidth, housingWidth/4]);
  }
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a toilet seat hinge, and I need it to be flexible enough to handle both seat-side and lid-side mounting. I've been looking at some existing designs, and I have a good idea of the core features, but I want to make sure it's all easily customizable.

The hinge should consist of two main parts: a flat mounting bracket and a cylindrical hinge part. The mounting bracket is a simple rectangular block, and it should have two mounting holes, with space for screw heads. The hinge part should consist of a support post on top of the bracket and a cylindrical hinge element extending out to the side from the support post.

Here's what I think are the essential parameters:

*   **Bracket Dimensions:** `BracketWidth`, `BracketLength`, `BracketHeight`
*   **Hinge Support Post Dimensions:** `HingeWidth` (should be same as `BracketWidth`), `HingeLength`, `HingeHeight`
*   **Hinge Cylinder Dimensions:** `HingeHoleRadius`, `HingeHoleWallThickness`, `HingeHoleRoundness`
*   **Mounting Hole Dimensions:** `MountingHoleSize`, `MountingHoleScrewHeadSize`, `MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness`
*   **Mounting Hole Placement:** `FirstMountingHole`, `DistanceBetweenMountingHole`
*   **Rounding for screw holes:** `ScrewHeadRoundness`, `ScrewRoundness`
*  **Side Preference**:  `sidedness` which would be a 0 or a 1. 0 if the screw heads for mounting are on the seat side and a 1 if the screw heads for mounting are on the lid side of the mounting bracket.

Additionally, I need small "pin" holes or cutouts through the mounting bracket and the support post for added strength, perhaps three each along the center lengthwise, and they can be very thin.

I'd like the design to be easily printable, so having the cylinders with the flats pointing up will help when they are printed. It will likely need to be rotated to achieve this. I'm thinking maybe a 90-degree rotation around the X axis?

I'd like the design to be configurable within OpenSCAD so I can easily adjust these parameters to fit different toilet seat and lid sizes.  Please generate the OpenSCAD file(s), and please use the standard OpenSCAD libraries if possible.

[Assistant]
ToiletHinge.scad:
```
// Lower Toilet Seat Hinge Bracket
// Designed by Mike Creuzer Dec 30 2012 -  thingiverse@creuzer.com
// Modified by Joseph Schilz Oct 23 2016 to include "sidedness"

// measurements are as the part is in use using the bottom back edge of the seat as reference for all measurements
// rotated on its side for printing when done

//Bracket bit

BracketWidth = 15;
BracketLength = 40;
BracketHeight = 7.5;

// Hinge upright bit to center of hinge hole
HingeWidth = BracketWidth;
HingeLength = 9;
HingeHeight = 7;

// Hinge Hole
//Radius
HingeHoleRadius = 7;
HingeHoleWallThickness = 3;
// Smaller number is smoother circle & slower rendering
HingeHoleRoundness = 0.01;

//Mounting Holes
// diameter
MountingHoleSize = 4.5;
// diameter
MountingHoleScrewHeadSize = 8;
MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness = 2.5;
FirstMountingHole = 10;
DistanceBetweenMountingHole =  22;
// smaller is more round. 6 ought to give you a pentagon
ScrewHeadRoundness = 5;
// smaller is more round. 6 ought to give you a pentagon
ScrewRoundness = 2;
// sidedness
// 0: hinge shall attach to the seat
// 1: hinge shall attach to the lid
// Modifies which side of the hinge the screw *head* cutouts
// appear. Choose 0 or 1, and confirm that the screw head cutouts
// are on the appropriate size of the hinge for your application.
sidedness = 1;

rotate(a=[0,-90,0]){ // Rotate to the -90 so the low poly count circles put the angles up for easier printing.

// Make the mounting leg
difference(){
	cube(size = [BracketWidth,BracketLength,BracketHeight], center = false);
	// first hole
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength - FirstMountingHole, 0]) cylinder(h=BracketHeight, r=MountingHoleSize/2, $fs=ScrewRoundness);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength - FirstMountingHole, (BracketHeight - MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness)*sidedness]) cylinder(h=MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness, r = MountingHoleScrewHeadSize/2, $fs=ScrewHeadRoundness);
	// second hole
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength - FirstMountingHole - DistanceBetweenMountingHole, 0]) cylinder(h=BracketHeight, r=MountingHoleSize/2, $fs=ScrewRoundness);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength - FirstMountingHole - DistanceBetweenMountingHole, (BracketHeight - MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness)*sidedness]) cylinder(h=MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness, r = MountingHoleScrewHeadSize/2, $fs=ScrewHeadRoundness);

	// pin holes for strength
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .25, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .75, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
}

// Make the hinge bit
difference() { // Make the hinge bracket, then minus the hole
	hull(){ // Make the hinge bracket all fancy looking
		translate(v = [0, BracketLength, 0]) cube(size = [HingeWidth,HingeLength,HingeHeight], center = false); // The support post
		translate(v = [0, BracketLength +HingeHoleRadius + HingeHoleWallThickness, HingeHeight +BracketHeight]) rotate(a=[0,90,0]) cylinder(h = BracketWidth, r=HingeHoleRadius + HingeHoleWallThickness, center = false, $fa=HingeHoleRoundness); // The round hinge bit
	}

	// The Hinge Hole
	translate(v = [-1, BracketLength +HingeHoleRadius + HingeHoleWallThickness, HingeHeight  + BracketHeight]) rotate(a=[0,90,0]) cylinder(h = BracketWidth*2, r=HingeHoleRadius, center = false, $fa=HingeHoleRoundness);

	// pin holes for strength
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .25, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .75, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
}

}

```
ParametricToiletHinge.scad:
```
// Lower Toilet Seat Hinge Bracket
// Designed by Mike Creuzer Dec 30 2012 -  thingiverse@creuzer.com
// Modified by Joseph Schilz Oct 23 2016 to include "sidedness"

// measurements are as the part is in use using the bottom back edge of the seat as reference for all measurements
// rotated on its side for printing when done

//Bracket bit

BracketWidth = 15;
BracketLength = 40;
BracketHeight = 7.5;

// Hinge upright bit to center of hinge hole
HingeWidth = BracketWidth;
HingeLength = 9;
HingeHeight = 7;

// Hinge Hole
//Radius
HingeHoleRadius = 7;
HingeHoleWallThickness = 3;
// Smaller number is smoother circle & slower rendering
HingeHoleRoundness = 0.01;

//Mounting Holes
// diameter
MountingHoleSize = 4.5;
// diameter
MountingHoleScrewHeadSize = 8;
MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness = 2.5;
FirstMountingHole = 10;
DistanceBetweenMountingHole =  22;
// smaller is more round. 6 ought to give you a pentagon
ScrewHeadRoundness = 5;
// smaller is more round. 6 ought to give you a pentagon
ScrewRoundness = 2;
// sidedness
// Modifies which side of the hinge the screw *head* cutouts
// appear. Choose 0 or 1, and confirm that the screw head cutouts
// are on the appropriate size of the hinge for your application.
//

// Choose 0 if hinge attaches to the seat, choose 1 if hinge attaches to the lid
sidedness = 1;

rotate(a=[0,-90,0]){ // Rotate to the -90 so the low poly count circles put the angles up for easier printing.

// Make the mounting leg
difference(){
	cube(size = [BracketWidth,BracketLength,BracketHeight], center = false);
	// first hole
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength - FirstMountingHole, 0]) cylinder(h=BracketHeight, r=MountingHoleSize/2, $fs=ScrewRoundness);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength - FirstMountingHole, (BracketHeight - MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness)*sidedness]) cylinder(h=MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness, r = MountingHoleScrewHeadSize/2, $fs=ScrewHeadRoundness);
	// second hole
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength - FirstMountingHole - DistanceBetweenMountingHole, 0]) cylinder(h=BracketHeight, r=MountingHoleSize/2, $fs=ScrewRoundness);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength - FirstMountingHole - DistanceBetweenMountingHole, (BracketHeight - MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness)*sidedness]) cylinder(h=MountingHoleScrewHeadthickness, r = MountingHoleScrewHeadSize/2, $fs=ScrewHeadRoundness);

	// pin holes for strength
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .25, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .75, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
}

// Make the hinge bit
difference() { // Make the hinge bracket, then minus the hole
	hull(){ // Make the hinge bracket all fancy looking
		translate(v = [0, BracketLength, 0]) cube(size = [HingeWidth,HingeLength,HingeHeight], center = false); // The support post
		translate(v = [0, BracketLength +HingeHoleRadius + HingeHoleWallThickness, HingeHeight +BracketHeight]) rotate(a=[0,90,0]) cylinder(h = BracketWidth, r=HingeHoleRadius + HingeHoleWallThickness, center = false, $fa=HingeHoleRoundness); // The round hinge bit
	}

	// The Hinge Hole
	translate(v = [-1, BracketLength +HingeHoleRadius + HingeHoleWallThickness, HingeHeight  + BracketHeight]) rotate(a=[0,90,0]) cylinder(h = BracketWidth*2, r=HingeHoleRadius, center = false, $fa=HingeHoleRoundness);

	// pin holes for strength
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .25, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .5, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
	translate(v = [BracketWidth * .75, BracketLength * .5, BracketHeight * .5]) cube(size = [.1,BracketLength,.1], center = false);
}

}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create some custom glass bed clips for my Monoprice Select Mini 3D printer, and I'd like to have it set up so that they're parametric and I can easily adjust them for different glass bed sizes. I'm basing this off of an existing design, but want a fresh implementation that uses best practices.

Here's the basic idea: The clips are designed to press against the sides of the glass bed rather than clip over the top. This is for a specific printer, which has a bed that's roughly 130x130mm.  I want the clip design to work for both the front-right/back-left corners (the same clip) and the back-right/front-left corners (another mirrored version).

Here's a breakdown of the dimensions and features I need:

*   **Glass Plate Dimensions:**
    *   I want this to be parametric so I can adjust it for different glass sizes, the example I have in mind is 130mm x 130mm x 3mm.
    *   The clips will need to be able to handle glass that might be a bit smaller than the bed and thus the clips will push against the glass to hold it.
    *   I'd also like to make it so that the distance from the glass to the printer bed edge is a parametric value for each of the X and Y directions.

*   **Base:**
    *   The base of the clip sits underneath the printer's build plate.
    *   I need parameters for the length and depth (X and Y) of the base.
    *   I also need a parameter for the base thickness.
    *   There should be holes in the base for the leveling screws that also hold the springs. I need a parametric value for the screw hole diameter, as well as the center distance to each screw, in X and Y, again parameterized.

*   **Walls:**
    *   There are walls extending from the base that press against the glass.
    *   I need parameters for the thickness of the walls in both the X and Y directions.
    *   I need to handle the case where the glass is larger than the plate by having a lip on the base to extend it to the height of the glass.

*   **Latch:**
    *   The clip has a latch on the bottom to hook under the lip of the bed.
    *   I need a parameter for the overall latch height, measured from the bottom of the printer bed.
    *   I need parameters for the inside catch height, the inside catch thickness, the bottom latch thickness, and the depth of the latch. This should allow the clip to snap onto the bed.

*   **Other:**
    *  I need a parameter to switch between the normal orientation (back left, front right) and the mirrored orientation (back right, front left).
    * I need to take into account the thickness of the printer's metal bed when calculating overall height and relative placement of components.
    * The entire design needs to be parameterized in OpenSCAD so that I can adjust for various glass plate and printer dimensions.

I am picturing this design being implemented as one .scad file containing the main module for a clip with all of the parameterizations, with the ability to instantiate the clip twice and transform each, to generate the 4 required corner clips. Please make sure that the code is well-commented and easy to understand. I don't need any specific libraries, just standard OpenSCAD.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
MPMiniSelectGlassClip.scad:
```
// OpenSCAD model by tselling
// dimensions in mm

// Glass clips for Monoprice Select Mini 3D Printer.  Currently
// setup for BACK LEFT corner... the FRONT RIGHT corner should
// be the same.  Note the clips squeeze against the glass plate,
// they do not clip over the top.  Changing doOppositeCorners to 1
// will do the BACK RIGHT & FRONT LEFT corners.  To  make a tight
// fit estimate the plate is slightly smaller (... you can always
// sand to make fit if slightly too tight.  Currently setup for
// 130mmx130mmx3mm glass plate.
// Commented glass values should work for 140mmx140mmx3mm plate.

fn=20;

// Change this variable for opposite corners (1 vs 0)
doOppositeCorners=0;

// (mm) thickness of glass plate
glassThickness=3.0;

// (mm) distance to glass from back - neg for smaller plate
glassBack=-15.6;
// glassBack = -10.6;

// (mm) distance to glass from left side - neg for smaller plate
glassSide=-0.8;
// glassSide = -6.0;

// (mm) length (X) of the base (underneath plate)
baseBack = 20;

// (mm) depth (Y) of the base (underneath plate)
baseSide = 30;

// (mm) thickness of the base of the clip
baseThickness=3.0;

// (mm) adjust thickness of the wall of the clip
backWall=5.0;

// (mm) adjust thickness of the wall of the clip
sideWall=3.0;

// (mm) thickness of build plate without glass
plateThickness=2.0;

// (mm) diameter of hole needed in base for leveling screw + spring
screwDiameter=9.9;

// (mm) distance from back to screw center & averaged with front
screwBack = 3.9;

// (mm) measured from left side to screw center
screwSide = 6;

// (mm) Height from bottom of plate to bottom lip
latchHeight = 16.2;

// (mm) inside catch height...depress plate to latch/unlatch
latchCatch = 3.0;

// (mm) inside catch thickness
latchInside = 2.0;

// (mm) bottom of latch thickness
latchUnder = 2.1;

// (mm) thickness of the plate lip
latchDepth = 1.7;

totalHeight = baseThickness+plateThickness+glassThickness;
plateHeight = baseThickness+plateThickness;

union() {
difference() {
union() {

// base
translate([0,0,0]) cube([baseBack,baseSide,baseThickness]);

plusX = glassSide > 0 ? glassSide : 0;
xLength = baseBack + sideWall + plusX;
x = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? -sideWall-plusX : 0;
if ( glassBack <= 0 ) {
// Wall along X Axis
translate([x,baseSide,0])
    cube([xLength,backWall,totalHeight]);
// Tab along X Axis
translate([x,baseSide+glassBack,plateHeight])
    cube([xLength,backWall-glassBack,glassThickness]);
} else {
    // Extend base first--high enough for glass to sit on
    translate([x,baseSide,0])
        cube([xLength,glassBack,plateHeight]);
    // Now add wall to hold glass
    translate([x,baseSide+glassBack,0])
        cube([xLength,backWall,totalHeight]);
}

// Wall along Y axis
yLength = glassBack>0 ? baseSide+wallThickness+glassBack : baseSide+backWall;
if ( glassSide <= 0 ) { // Glass shorter at side
    x1 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? -sideWall : baseBack;
    x2 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? -sideWall : baseBack+glassSide;
    // Wall along Y Axis
    translate([x1,0,0])
        cube([sideWall,yLength,totalHeight]);
    // Tab along Y Axis
    translate([x2,0,plateHeight])
        cube([sideWall-glassSide,yLength,glassThickness]);
} else {  // Glass bigger at side
    x1 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? -glassSide-sideWall : baseBack;
    x2 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? -glassSide-sideWall : baseBack+glassSide;
    // Extend base first-- high enough for glass to sit on
    translate([x1,0,0])
        cube([backWall+glassSide,yLength,plateHeight]);
    // Now add wall to hold glass
    translate([x2,0,0])
        cube([backWall,yLength,totalHeight]);
} //else

} // union

// add slot for leveling screw & spring
x1 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? screwSide : baseBack-screwSide;
x2 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? baseBack*6 : -baseBack*5;
    hull() {
        translate([x1,baseSide-screwBack,0])
            cylinder(h=totalHeight,d=screwDiameter);
        translate([x2,-baseSide,0])
            cylinder(h=totalHeight,d=screwDiameter);

} // hull

} // difference

// Add latch
ll = baseSide + backWall;
lh = latchHeight - baseThickness;
ly = 0;
x1 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? -sideWall : baseBack;
x2 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? -sideWall : baseBack-latchDepth;
x3 = doOppositeCorners == 0 ? latchDepth : baseBack-latchDepth-latchInside;

translate([x1,ly,-lh-latchUnder])
    cube([sideWall, ll, lh+latchUnder]);
translate([x2,ly,-lh-latchUnder])
    cube([sideWall+latchDepth, ll, latchUnder]);
translate([x3,ly,-lh-latchUnder])
    cube([latchInside, ll, latchCatch+latchUnder]);

} // union

```


[User]
I'd like a design for a parametric generator for Möbius-like shapes using OpenSCAD. It should be able to take any regular polygon as a cross-section and twist it as it revolves around an axis, making a sort of twisted torus.

Here are the key parameters I need to control:

*   **`NEdges`**: This would be the number of sides of the polygon cross-section. So a square would be 4, a hexagon would be 6, etc.
*   **`Twists`**: The number of full twists the polygon makes for every full revolution around the axis. This can be a fraction to create a more continuous-looking twist or a negative number to reverse the direction of the twist.
*   **`Width_strip`**: The diameter of the polygon, essentially the width of the 'strip' before it's bent into a shape.
*   **`Size_ring`**: The overall diameter of the ring itself, from the center out to the midline of the strip. This should be larger than `Width_strip`.
*   **`Angle_to_form_shape`**: How much of a full revolution to generate. It should be able to go beyond 360 for shapes that require multiple rotations.
*   **`Start_angle`**: The starting rotation angle of the polygon cross-section, mainly important if `Twists` is zero.
*   **`Stepsize`**: The rotational increment (in degrees) used when generating the shape. A smaller step size creates a smoother but slower render.
*  **`Angle_to_keep_in_STL`**: The angle (in degrees) of the shape to keep.  Use this to create slices of the model, from 0 to 360.
*   **`Make_empty_centre_ring`**: A boolean flag (0 or 1) to remove the central core, making it a hollow ring.
*   **`Diameter_hollow_centre`**: The diameter of the hole if a center ring is created.  This should always be smaller than Width_strip.
*   **`smoothed`**: A boolean flag (0 or 1) to enable a hull between each rotational step, creating a smoother result. Turning this off will make rendering faster, especially if the `StepSize` is small.
*   **`fn`**: The fragment number used in all circles and rotate_extrude()

The core functionality should work like this:

1.  Start with a regular polygon with the specified `NEdges` and `Width_strip`.
2.  Rotate the polygon around a circular path with a diameter specified by `Size_ring`.
3.  As it rotates, also rotate the polygon around its own center by a number of times specified by `Twists`.
4.  Allow for controlling the `Start_angle` of the initial polygon rotation.
5.  Provide options to control `Stepsize`, `smoothed` and `fn` to produce optimized shapes.
6.  Allow for cutting out a section of the generated shape, using the `Angle_to_keep_in_STL` parameter.

I'd also like to have the ability to remove a center ring, if needed, based on `Make_empty_centre_ring` and `Diameter_hollow_centre`.

The design should be modular, so I can reuse some of the pieces.  It should use a loop to rotate the profile by `Stepsize` around the ring and a `rotate_extrude` to extrude the profile.  I'd prefer not to use the `linear_extrude` module.

The output should be a single file and should not rely on any specific external libraries like MCAD or BOSL.

[Assistant]
mobius_polygon_generator_v8.scad:
```
/*Polygon-möbius-strip generator by Mixomycetes
*Licence: CC non-commercial
*
* Inspired by Twistypuzzle forum and
* mobius_polygon(n,m)
*
* v1: functional mobius_polygon();
* v2: Used pie library to implement Angle_to_keep_in_STL <360;
* v3: added twisty_puzzle pieces();
* v4: rebuild with steps using children(). Much faster.
* v5: implemented my_pieslice instead of pie;
* v6: smooth output available (hull of every 2 adjencent pieces)
* v7: accepts any 2D polygon as input for rotation.
* v8: some cleanup.
*******************************
*/

//Number of edges of rotated polygon.
NEdges = 4; //[1:20]

//Number of full twists over one ring turn.Make negative to reverse chirality. n/m fractions possible too
Twists  = 2/4;
// Diameter of polygon (circumscribed)
Width_strip= 19;
 // Diameter of total ring
Size_ring = 100; //should be larger than width_strip.

// Angle to print. May need to make multiple rotations (>360), when NEdges/Twist is non-integer.
Angle_to_form_shape = 360; // [0:720]

// Typically 360, smaller if you want to keep only a fraction. Note that it slows things down considerably!
Angle_to_keep_in_STL = 360; // [0:360]
// Angle of polygon at X-axis. Mainly important for Twists =0
Start_angle = 0;

Make_empty_centre_ring = 0; // [1:Yes,0:No]

//FULL centre hole diameter. Should be smaller than Width_strip.
Diameter_hollow_centre =5;

// Angle-section of each segment
Stepsize=20;

smoothed = 1; // 1: uses a hull between every 2 items. 0 doesn't. 0 is faster, 1 nicer.
// the lower the faster, but higher means nicer
fn = 5;

/** Begin of program **/

//Some simple shapes/features:
//mobius_strip(20,4,0.1);
mobius_polygon(NEdges,Twists,Width_strip,Size_ring,fn,Angle_to_form_shape,Start_angle,Stepsize,Angle_to_keep_in_STL,Make_empty_centre_ring,Diameter_hollow_centre,smoothed);

//rotate_step_by_step(Twists,Stepsize,Angle_to_form_shape,0,20,0,1)ngon(20)
//nparts = 4;
//points = [[0,0],[-1,1],[1,-1],[1,1]]*Width_strip/2;
//georgehart_mobius_centre_v1(nparts,points,TiltAngle=20);

/** Modules **/

module georgehart_mobius_centre_v1(nparts,points,TiltAngle=20){
// n_gon: points =
CentreAngle = 360/nparts;

union(){
    for (i = [0:nparts-1]){
rotate([0,TiltAngle,i*CentreAngle])translate([0,Size_ring/4,0])  rotate_step_by_step(Twists,1,Angle_to_form_shape,0,Size_ring,1) polygon(points);
};
};
};

module mobius_polygon(NEdges=5,Twists=0,Width_strip=1,Size_ring=10,fn=10,Angle_to_form_shape =360,Start_angle=0,Stepsize=5,Angle_to_keep_in_STL=360,Make_empty_centre_ring=0,Diameter_hollow_centre=0,smoothed=0){
steps_obsolete=Angle_to_form_shape/Stepsize;
  steps=360/Stepsize; // a step per 5°, faster than per 1°
intersection(){ //keep just a pieslice
    if (Angle_to_keep_in_STL<360) {
        safetymargin=3; // default 3
   translate([0,0,-Width_strip/2*safetymargin]) mypie(Size_ring/2*safetymargin+Width_strip/2*safetymargin, Width_strip*safetymargin, Angle_to_keep_in_STL, spin=0);
    };

difference(){
//make main shape
if (NEdges==2){
    thickness = 1;
    // available for backward compatibility
    mobius_strip(Size_ring/2,Width_strip,thickness,Twists/2,Stepsize,Start_angle);
     };

if (NEdges>2){

rotate([0,0,Start_angle]) rotate_step_by_step(Twists,Stepsize,Angle_to_form_shape,smoothed,Size_ring) circle(d=Width_strip,$fn=NEdges);
    };

    // cut out centre ring.
if (  Make_empty_centre_ring==1 ){
    rotate_extrude($fn=fn)translate([Size_ring/2,0,0])circle(d=Diameter_hollow_centre,$fn=fn);
};

};
};
};

// some helper functions:
module ngon(diam=10, fn=6){
//rotate([90,0,0])    linear_extrude(thickness)
    circle(d=diam,$fn=fn);
    }; // in XZ-plane, needed positive X for rotate-extrude! => translate([diam,0])

module rotate_step_by_step(Twists=0,Stepsize=5,To_angle=360,smoothed =0,Size_ring=50,From_angle=0){// iterative rotate_extrude of 2D child. (Sv7)
    // Much Faster, but creates more coordinates.
    // children shapes should be within a Size_ring/2 circle.
     // OneStepAngle_wrong =Angle_to_form_shape/Stepsize; // a step per 5°, faster
        if (smoothed==1)
    for (step = [From_angle:Stepsize:To_angle-Stepsize]){
            hull(){rotate([0,0,step]) rotate_extrude(angle = Stepsize, convexity = 2) translate([Size_ring/2,0,0]) rotate([0,0,step *Twists])       children();
    rotate([0,0,step+Stepsize]) rotate_extrude(angle = Stepsize, convexity = 2) translate([Size_ring/2,0,0]) rotate([0,0,(step+Stepsize) *Twists])        children();
            };
};
            if (smoothed==0){
    for (step = [From_angle:Stepsize:To_angle-Stepsize]){
            rotate([0,0,step]) rotate_extrude(angle = Stepsize, convexity = 2)translate([Size_ring/2,0,0]) rotate([0,0,step *Twists])        children();
            };
};
};

module mobius_strip(radius=20,width=5,thickness=1,twist=1,step=1, ,start=90){ // original code by Kitwallace

   // Original_code_by_kitwallace
   //source:    http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:239158/#files
    // Mobius strip

Halftwist =twist/2;
Delta= 0.01;

  for (i = [0:step:360])
    hull() {
       rotate([0,0,i])
          translate([radius,0,0])
             rotate([0,start+i * Halftwist, 0])
               cube([width,Delta,thickness], center=true);
       rotate([0,0,i+step])
          translate([radius,0,0])
             rotate([0,start+(i+step)* Halftwist , 0])
               cube([width,Delta,thickness], center=true);
       }
};

module thorus(Size_ring=10,Diameter_hollow_centre=5,fn=5){ // simple thorus
rotate_extrude(,$fn=fn)translate([Size_ring/2,0,0])circle(d=Diameter_hollow_centre,$fn=fn);
    };

module mypie(radius,height,pieangle,spin){
rotate_extrude(angle=pieangle,$fn=fn)square(size =[radius,height],centre=false);
};

```


[User]
Hi! I'm looking for a way to create custom funnels, and I found this really cool OpenSCAD script that does almost everything I need.  It's called Funnel_Customizer_AP2020_v8.6.scad and it's written by Alberto Pierobon. I'd like something similar but generated by an AI assistant.

Here's what I'm after, based on the existing script's features:

**Basic Funnel Shape & Dimensions:**

*   I need to be able to set the **top diameter**, **middle diameter**, and **bottom diameter** of the funnel.
*   I need to be able to set the overall **height** of the funnel.
*   I need a parameter for the **wall thickness**.
*   There should be a parameter called "**neck ratio**" that controls how long the "neck" of the funnel is - specifically:  the higher the value, the longer the neck will be. It seems like at 1, the neck is half the overall height, and at 3, it's about 5/6 of the height.
*   I'd also like a "**squish ratio**" that allows me to create elliptical funnel cross sections, just like the original script. If this value is > 1, the diameters would represent the major axis of the ellipse.
*   I need options for an **offset spout** (which moves the spout to the edge of the funnel) and an **angled spout** (which angles the spout out for better access, and also automatically creates an offset). These need to be able to be enabled and disabled.

**Optional Features:**

*   I definitely want a **handle**.  It should have a **handle length** parameter to control the height of the vertical part of the handle.
*   It should have a "**handle overhang**" parameter which controls how far the handle extends horizontally from the funnel.
*    Also a **handle angular position** parameter would be useful. This needs to be able to rotate the handle about the funnel's Z axis, so I can place it opposite the spout, on the side, etc.
*   I need an option to add **vents** to allow air to escape. This needs to be a simple enable/disable toggle.
*   There should be a **vent projection** parameter, to control how far out the vent ribs stick out.
*   I'd like a "high wall" option, which adds a cylindrical section above the main funnel before it starts to narrow.
*   And I would like a "slanted tip" parameter, to cut the tip of the funnel off at an angle.

I think that covers everything.  Can you generate OpenSCAD code that does all of this? It should be modular, so that different parts can be reused if needed. I would like to be able to modify these parameters within OpenSCAD as usual. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Funnel_Customizer_AP2020_v8.6.scad:
```
// This script generates custom funnels
// Alberto Pierobon
// v5.0 9/2016
// v7.0 7/2017
// v8.0 4/2020 - added handle overhang
// v8.1 4/2020 - added offset spout, angled spout
// v8.2 4/2020 - improved vent in offset spout
// v8.3 4/2020 - fixed a bug with slanted tip
// v8.4 4/2020 - made angled spout not available with non-offset spout
// v8.5 6/2020 - made vent projection customizable
// v8.6 10/2020 - added on option to change the handle angular position

/*[Size and shape]*/
top_diameter    = 120; // [5:1:200]
middle_diameter =  40; // [5:1:200]
bottom_diameter =  18; // [5:1:80]
height          = 160; // [20:1:300]
wall            =   3; // [1:0.05:10]
neck_ratio      =   1.6; // [1:0.05:3]
squish_ratio    =   1;   // [1:0.05:2]
offset_spout    = "no";  // [yes, no]
angled_spout    = "no";   // [no, yes]

/*[Optional features]*/
handle_length   = 1.5;    // [0:0.5:8]
handle_overhang = 1;      // [1:0.5:5]
handle_position_angle = 0;// [0:90:270]
create_vent     = "yes";  // [yes, no]
vent_projection = 10;     // [1:1:20]
high_wall       = "yes";  // [yes, no]
slanted_tip     = "yes";  // [yes, no]

rotate([0,0,180])
funnel();

module funnel()
{
    spout_distortion = angled_spout == "yes" ?  (top_diameter-bottom_diameter)/(2*height) : 0;

    spout_offset = ((offset_spout == "yes")||(angled_spout == "yes")) ?  (top_diameter-middle_diameter)/2 : 0;

    neck_offset = ((offset_spout == "yes")||(angled_spout == "yes")) ?  (middle_diameter-bottom_diameter)/2 : 0;

    echo (neck_offset);
    echo ((offset_spout == "yes")||(angled_spout == "yes"));

    mtrans_x = [ [1, 0, spout_distortion,  0],
                 [0, 1, 0,  0],
                 [0, 0, 1,  0],
                 [0, 0, 0,  1]
               ];

    mtrans_minusx = [ [1, 0, -spout_distortion,  0],
                 [0, 1, 0,  0],
                 [0, 0, 1,  0],
                 [0, 0, 0,  1]
               ];

    scale([1,1/squish_ratio,1])
    multmatrix(mtrans_x)
    difference()
        {
            union()
            {
                base_funnel(0,height,neck_ratio,spout_offset, neck_offset);   //external shell
                if(create_vent == "yes") vent(spout_offset, neck_offset,vent_projection); //create the vent ribs

                if(handle_length > 0)     // add the handle if required
                multmatrix(mtrans_minusx)
                handle(handle_length, handle_overhang);

            }

            translate([0,0,-height/5000])
                base_funnel(wall, height+wall/5,neck_ratio,spout_offset,neck_offset); //hollow internal part of the funnel
            if (slanted_tip=="yes") //cut out slanted tip
            {
                alpha_tip       = min([atan(height/(top_diameter-bottom_diameter)),35]);
                translate([spout_offset+neck_offset-bottom_diameter/2,0,height+0.5*height/cos(alpha_tip)]) rotate([0,alpha_tip,0])
                cube([5*top_diameter,5*top_diameter,height],center=true);
            }

    }
}

module base_funnel(wall=0, height=100, neck_ratio=1, spout_offset=0, neck_offset=0)
// Solid funnel

{
    if(high_wall == "no")
    {
        $fn=max([top_diameter,100]);
        hull(){
         cylinder(d1=top_diameter-2*wall, d2=top_diameter-2*wall,h=height/10000);
            translate([spout_offset,0,height/(2*neck_ratio)])         cylinder(d1=middle_diameter-2*wall, d2=middle_diameter-2*wall, h=height/10000) ;
        }

        translate([spout_offset,0,height/(2*neck_ratio)-wall/50]) {
            $fn=max([top_diameter,100]);
        hull(){
         cylinder(d1=middle_diameter-2*wall, d2=middle_diameter-2*wall, height/1000);
         translate([neck_offset,0,height*(1-1/(2*neck_ratio))+wall/20])         cylinder(d1=bottom_diameter-2*wall, d2=bottom_diameter-2*wall, height/1000) ;
         }
     }

    }
    else
    {
        cylinder(d=top_diameter-2*wall, height*1/(3*neck_ratio)-wall/100, $fn=max([top_diameter,100]));
        translate([0,0,height*1/(3*neck_ratio)-wall/50])

            {
        $fn=max([top_diameter,100]);
        hull(){
         cylinder(d1=top_diameter-2*wall, d2=top_diameter-2*wall,h=height/10000);
            translate([spout_offset,0,height*1/(3*neck_ratio)+wall/50])         cylinder(d1=middle_diameter-2*wall, d2=middle_diameter-2*wall, h=height/10000) ;
                }

            }
        translate([spout_offset,0,height*2/(3*neck_ratio)-wall/100]) {
            $fn=max([top_diameter,100]);
            hull(){
         cylinder(d1=middle_diameter-2*wall, d2=middle_diameter-2*wall, height/1000);
         translate([neck_offset,0,height*(1-2/(3*neck_ratio))+wall/5])         cylinder(d1=bottom_diameter-2*wall, d2=bottom_diameter-2*wall, height/1000) ;
         };

     }

//            cylinder(d1=middle_diameter-2*wall, d2=bottom_diameter-2*wall, height*(1-2/(3*neck_ratio))+wall/5, $fn=max([top_diameter,100]));
   }
}

module handle(handle_length=1,handle_overhang=1)
// add a handle to hang the funnel on a rim, or by a hole
{
    handle_size = max([top_diameter/5,3*wall]);
    rotate([0,0,handle_position_angle])
    translate([-top_diameter/2-handle_overhang*handle_size/2,handle_size/2,2*wall]) rotate([90,0,0])
        difference()
        {
            union()
            {
                difference()
                {
                    translate([wall,wall,0]) cylinder(h=handle_size, r=3*wall,$fn=20);
                    translate([-2*wall,wall,-0.5*wall]) cube([2*handle_size,handle_length*handle_size,handle_size+wall]);

                }
                translate([-2*wall,wall,0]) cube([handle_size,handle_length*handle_size/(1.72),handle_size]);
                translate([wall,-2*wall,0]) cube([handle_size/2+2*wall+handle_overhang*handle_size,handle_size,handle_size]);
               hull()
                {
                    translate([-2*wall,handle_length*handle_size/(1.72)+wall,handle_size-handle_size/8]) rotate([90,0,90]) cylinder(h=2*wall+wall/10,d=handle_size/4,$fn=20);
                    translate([-2*wall,handle_length*handle_size/(1.72)+wall,handle_size/8]) rotate([90,0,90]) cylinder(h=2*wall+wall/10,d=handle_size/4,$fn=20);
                }
            }
            translate([-wall/20,0,-wall/20])
            union()
            {
                translate([wall,wall,0]) cylinder(h=handle_size+wall/10, r=wall,$fn=20);
                translate([0,wall,0]) cube([handle_size,handle_length*handle_size+wall/2,handle_size+wall/10]);

                translate([-2*wall,handle_length*handle_size+wall/2,0]) cube([2*handle_size,handle_length*handle_size+wall/2,handle_size+wall/10]);

                translate([wall,0,0]) cube([handle_size+wall/10+handle_overhang*handle_size,handle_size,handle_size+wall/10]);

                translate([handle_size/3.5,-wall/10+0.5*wall,handle_size/2]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=2.5*wall,d=handle_size/3);
                translate([-wall/10+0.5*wall,handle_length*handle_size/3,handle_size/2]) rotate([90,0,-90]) cylinder(h=2.5*wall,d=handle_size/3);
            }
        }

}

module vent(spout_offset=0, neck_offset=0, vent_projection = max([wall,middle_diameter/6]) )
// generate vent buttresses
{
    vent_size = min([wall,bottom_diameter]);
    //vent_projection = max([wall,middle_diameter/6]);
    alpha_rep = spout_offset == 0 ? [0,60,120,180,240,300] : [120,180,240];
    mtrans_x = [ [1, 0, neck_offset/height,  0],
                 [0, 1, 0,  0],
                 [0, 0, 1,  0],
                 [0, 0, 0,  1]
               ];
    translate([spout_offset,0,0])

    for(alpha=alpha_rep)
    {
        multmatrix(mtrans_x)
        rotate([0,0,alpha])
        if (high_wall == "yes")
        {

              hull()
                {
                    // bottom of funnel high walls
                    translate([0,-vent_size/2,height-wall/4]) cube([bottom_diameter/2,vent_size,wall/20]);
                    // middle of funnel
                    translate([0,-vent_size/2,2*height/(3*neck_ratio)]) cube([middle_diameter/2+vent_projection,vent_size,wall/20]);
                }
                hull()
                {
                    // middle of funnel high walls
                    translate([0,-vent_size/2,2*height/(3*neck_ratio)]) cube([middle_diameter/2+vent_projection,vent_size,wall/20]);
                    // top of funnel high walls
                    translate([0,-vent_size/2,height/(3*neck_ratio)]) cube([top_diameter/2-1.5*wall,vent_size,wall/20]);
                }
        }
        else
        {
            hull()
            {
                // bottom of funnel
                translate([0,-vent_size/2,height-wall/4]) cube([bottom_diameter/2,vent_size,wall/20]);
                // middle of funnel
                translate([0,-vent_size/2,height/(2*neck_ratio)]) cube([middle_diameter/2+vent_projection,vent_size,wall/20]);
            }
            hull()
            {
                // middle of funnel
                translate([0,-vent_size/2,height/(2*neck_ratio)]) cube([middle_diameter/2+vent_projection,vent_size,wall/20]);
                // top of funnel
                translate([0,-vent_size/2,0]) cube([top_diameter/2-1.5*wall,vent_size,wall/20]);
            }

        }
     }
 }

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a spool adapter. It's meant to hold a filament spool on a rod.

Here's the basic idea: It has a central core that fits snugly on the rod, an outer ring that fits within the spool, and connecting bars between them. I also want a guard on top of the outer ring to help keep the spool in place.

Here are the parameters I need to be able to control:

*   **`rodRadius`**:  The radius of the rod the adapter fits onto. I'm using 4.4mm right now.
*   **`rollRadius`**:  The inner radius of the filament spool. My spools are 27mm.
*   **`height`**: The overall height of the adapter.  I need 10mm.
*   **`numberOfBars`**: The number of connecting bars between the inner and outer rings. I think 6 is a good start.
*   **`barWidth`**: The width of each of those connecting bars. I'm using 2mm.
*   **`innerRingThickness`**: How thick the inner ring around the rod is. 2.6mm for that.
*   **`outerRingThickness`**: How thick the outer ring that fits the spool is. I'm using 2.5mm for that one.
*  **`guardWidth`**: The width of the guard on top of the outer ring. I'd like 3mm for that.
*   **`guardHeight`**: The height of that guard. 2mm sounds right.

Could you create the necessary OpenSCAD files to generate this? I don't need to use any external libraries. Thanks!

[Assistant]
spoolAdapter.scad:
```
/* [General] */
// (outer Radius of the rod)
rodRadius = 4.4;//
// (inner Radius of the filament roll)
rollRadius = 27;
// (Height of the spool adapter)
height = 10;
// (Number of bars)
numberOfBars = 6;
/* [Misc] */
// (Width of the bars)
barWidth = 2;
// (Thickness of the inner ring)
innerRingThickness = 2.6;
// (Thickness of the outer ring)
outerRingThickness = 2.5;
// (Width of the guard)
guardWidth = 3;
// (height of the guard)
guardHeight = 2;

print_part();

module print_part() {
    union() {
        // bars with inner ring
        union() {
            // bars
            allBars();
            // inner ring:
            innerRing();
        }
        // top guard with outer Ring
        union() {
            // top guard
            topGuard();
            // outer ring:
            outerRing();
        }
    }
}
module innerRing()
{
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=rodRadius+innerRingThickness,h=height,$fa=1, $fs=0.5); // and go 1 mm above
        translate([0,0,-1]) // start 1 mm below the surface
            cylinder(r=rodRadius,h=height+1+1,$fa=1, $fs=0.5);
    }
}
module outerRing()
{
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=rollRadius,h=height,$fa=1, $fs=0.5); // and go 1 mm above
        translate([0,0,-1]) // start 1 mm below the surface
            cylinder(r=rollRadius-outerRingThickness,h=height+1+1,$fa=1, $fs=0.5);
    }
}
module topGuard()
{
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=rollRadius+guardWidth,h=guardHeight,$fa=1, $fs=0.5); // and go 1 mm above
        translate([0,0,-1]) // start 1 mm below the surface
            cylinder(r=rollRadius-1,h=guardHeight+1+1,$fa=1, $fs=0.5);
    }
}
module bar()
{
  translate([(rodRadius+innerRingThickness-1),(-(barWidth/2)),0])
    cube([rollRadius-outerRingThickness-(rodRadius+innerRingThickness)+2,barWidth,height]);
}
module allBars()
{
    for (r=[0:(360/numberOfBars):359])
        rotate([0,0,r])
            bar();
}

```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a customizable lattice cube. Basically, I want to be able to control the overall size of the cube, how many internal divisions there are along each axis, the diameter of the bars forming the lattice, and the height of an optional base at the bottom. Also, it'd be great if I could make the lattice single or double (double is just the single rotated by 45 degrees).

Specifically, I'd like these parameters:

*   `cs`:  The side length of the basic cube (before any internal divisions or scaling). This essentially dictates the overall height of the structure, with a value of 62 leading to approximately a 100mm high cube. I'd want this to be able to range from, say, 10mm to 200mm.
*   `dn`: The number of internal divisions along each axis of the cube. I'd want to be able to set this from 0 to 4 divisions (so no internal lattice to up to 4 divisions).
*   `ws`: The diameter of the bars making up the lattice. I'd like to adjust this, maybe between 1mm and 10mm, with a step of 0.2mm.
*   `dh`:  The height of an optional base at the bottom of the cube. A value of 0 would mean no base, and the range would be something like 0 to 5mm in increments of 0.1mm.
*  `dbl`: A boolean parameter (0 or 1) that allows the user to toggle between a single lattice structure and a double lattice structure (the second lattice is the first rotated by 45 degrees).

The base, if it is present, should be a cylinder centered below the cube. Also, I'm using a hidden variable `ds` with a value of 1.25 and a fragment count of `$fn=16`. There's also a hardcoded angle `a2=35.264`. This would all be contained in a single `.scad` file. I'm not looking for any extra libraries here, just pure OpenSCAD.

[Assistant]
cube.scad:
```
//Cube side; 62 will make it 100 high
cs=62;//[10:200]
//Number of dividers
dn=1;//[0,1,2,3,4]
//Bar diameter
ws=4;//[1:0.2:10]
//Base height (0 for none)
dh=0.6;//[0:0.1:5]
//Make it double (rotated 45 degrees)
dbl=1;//[0:single,1:double]
/* [Hidden] */
ds=1.25;
$fn=16;
dl=cs/(dn+1);
a2=35.264;
difference(){
for(ndbl=[0,dbl])translate([0,0,-cs/(dn+1)*sin(a2)+dh])rotate([45,-a2,60*ndbl])rotate([0,0,0])for(n1=[0:dn+1]){
    for(n2=[0:dn+1]){
        hull(){
            translate([n1*dl,n2*dl,0])sphere(ws/2);
            translate([n1*dl,n2*dl,cs])sphere(ws/2);
        }
        hull(){
            translate([n1*dl,0,n2*dl])sphere(ws/2);
            translate([n1*dl,cs,n2*dl])sphere(ws/2);
        }
        hull(){
            translate([0,n1*dl,n2*dl])sphere(ws/2);
            translate([cs,n1*dl,n2*dl])sphere(ws/2);
        }
    }
}
translate([-cs,-cs,-2*cs+dh])cube(2*cs);
}
cylinder(h=dh,r=cs/(dn+1)*cos(a2)*ds);

```


[User]
I'd like to create a spinning top toy with blades, kind of like a mini propeller, that will fly up a bit when spun. I have a basic idea in mind, and I'd like to be able to customize it easily with parameters.

Here are the key elements:

*   **Blades:**  The top will have a number of blades, which should be adjustable. I'm thinking initially between 2 and 4 blades would be good. Each blade should have a chord (width), a span (length), and an angle of attack (tilt) that I can tweak. I'd also like to adjust the blade thickness and be able to specify the radius of the blade corners so they can be rounded. There should be a thicker section of the blade near the center.
*   **Handle:** There needs to be a handle for spinning the top, which should be a cylinder. I'll need to be able to control the handle's length and diameter. I'd also like to specify a thickness for the handle, presumably less than the diameter, for structural purposes.
*   **Hoop:** Optional, but I think it'd be good to be able to add a hoop around the blades. If I choose to add the hoop, I need to be able to specify its thickness and height.
*   **Parameters:** It's really important that I can change all these things through parameters so I can test different designs quickly.

I don't need any fancy functions, just the ability to control these parts and the overall structure. I'd like to be able to adjust the number of blades, their size, angle, thickness, the handle length/diameter/thickness, and if I want it, the hoop. And for the blades, I would like to specify the thickness and rounding of the blade tips, as well as a section near the center of the blade that is thicker.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that lets me do that, using a simple OpenSCAD structure? I don't need any external libraries, I think it can be done just using the basic functions of OpenSCAD, but feel free to use them if you think it would make the code simpler.

[Assistant]
air_top.scad:
```
//
// Air Top
//

//Number of Blades
N_Blades = 3;         // default "3"
//Wing Span
Span   = 40 ;         //default "40"
//Angle of Attack
Alpha  = 20;          // default "20"
//Blade Cord (Width)
Cord   = 9.5;         // default "9.5"

//Handle Length
L_Handle   = 13;      // default "13"
//Handle Diameter
D_handle   = 2.6;     // default "2.6"

/* [Hidden] */
/////////////////////////////////
$fn=50;
//Thickness of Blades
t_blade = 0.6;         // default "0.6"
//Handle Thickness
t_handle   = 0.45;     // default ".45"
//Radius of Thick part of blade
Rthick = 8.3;          // default "8.3"
//Radius of Blade Corners
r_tip  = 1.5;          // default "1.5"
nblades = max(2,floor(N_Blades));
//Cord and blade tip
eCord = Cord;          // default "same as Cord"
//Add A Hoop
AddHoop=false;         // ["Yes":true,"No":false]
t_hoop = 0.8;
h_hoop = 1.3;

dp=(D_handle-t_blade*sin(Alpha));

/////////////////////////////////
/// Start Creating the Model  ///
/////////////////////////////////
difference()
{
    union()
    {
        difference()
        {
            union()
            {
                blades();
                cylinder (d=D_handle,h=L_Handle);
            }
            cylinder (d=D_handle-t_handle*2,h=3*L_Handle,center=true);
        }
        translate([0,0,L_Handle]) sphere (d=D_handle);

        if (AddHoop) //Add hoop around blades
        {
            difference()
            {
                cylinder (d=Span+t_hoop,h=h_hoop);
                cylinder (d=Span-t_hoop,h=L_Handle*2,center=true);
            }
        }
    }
    cylinder(d=2*Span,h=.25);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////
// Module to create a full set of blades   ///
// using the single blade module           ///
//////////////////////////////////////////////
module blades()
{
    single_blade();
    for (n=[1:nblades])
    {
        echo(n);
        rotate ([0,0,360/nblades*n]) single_blade();
    }
}

/////////////////////////////////////
// Module to create a single blade //
/////////////////////////////////////
module single_blade()
{
  translate([0,0,D_handle/2*sin(Alpha)+ t_blade/2*cos(Alpha) ])
  {
    rotate([Alpha,0,0])
    {
      hull()
      {
        translate([0,0,0])
            cylinder(d=dp,h=t_blade,center=true);
        translate([ Span/2/2 ,Cord/2-D_handle/2,0])
            cylinder(d=Cord,h=t_blade ,center=true );
        translate([ Rthick ,Cord/2-D_handle/2+(eCord/2-r_tip),0])
            cylinder(r=r_tip,h=t_blade ,center=true );

        translate([Span/2-r_tip, eCord/2-D_handle/2+(eCord/2-r_tip) ,0])
            cylinder(r=r_tip,h=t_blade ,center=true );
        translate([Span/2-r_tip, eCord/2-D_handle/2-(eCord/2-r_tip) ,0])
            cylinder(r=r_tip,h=t_blade ,center=true );
      }
    }
  }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to generate some custom dice using OpenSCAD, but I need something a little more unique than just cubes. I was hoping to get a crystal-like die, basically two pyramids joined at their bases with the numbers on the resulting triangular faces where the pyramids meet.

I need to be able to customize a few things:

*   **Number of Faces**: I'd like to be able to choose between D6, D8, D10, D12, D14, D16, D18, and D20 dice. So, the pyramids' bases will be polygons with 3 to 10 sides, respectively.
*   **Overall Size**: I need to be able to set the total length of the die in millimeters.
*   **Body Height**: The height of the center, where the numbered faces are, should be adjustable as a ratio to the base radius. I'm thinking a percentage, so I could set the height at 100% of the radius, 200%, etc.
*   **Pyramid Height**: The heights of the pyramids themselves should also be adjustable, but relative to the body height, and should always be less than half the body height. I don't want the die to land on its top or bottom.
*   **Font**: I'd love to be able to select any google font to use for the numbers.
*   **Text**: Each face will need its own text, so I'll need to be able to input the text for each face (1, 2, 3... up to the maximum number on the die.)
*   **Resolution:** I'd like to be able to control the resolution of the generated font/text, and the overall model.

I'd prefer the final model to be oriented so it's sitting on one of its side faces for printing.
Could you create a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files if needed) that can do that? Thanks!

[Assistant]
customizable-crystal-dice.scad:
```
/*

   Customizable Crystal Dice
   © Copyright - Tamas Decsi (silvereye)

   http://www.thingiverse.com/silvereye/

   License: Creative Commons - Attribution - Share Alike
   Commercial Use Allowed

*/

/* =================== parameters ====================== */
//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

/* [Shape and Size] */

// total length of die in millimeters
Dice_Length = 20; //[10:50]

// pyramid base polygon - determines number of die faces
pyramid_shape = 6; //[3:Triangle (D6),4:Square (D8),5:Pentagon (D10) ,6:Hexagon (D12),7:Heptagon (D14),8:Octagon (D16),9:Nonagon (D18),10:Decagon (D20)]

// body height ratio (percentage of pyramid's base radius)
body_height_ratio = 240; //[10:500]

// keep this between zero and half body height to make sure the die won't land on its top or bottom.
pyramid_height = 60; //[0:100]

/* [Text] */
// try any google font name
Font = "Ubuntu";

// relative size of letters
font_size = 4; //[2:6]

print_quality = 100; //[80:Low,100:Good,120:High]

text_1 = "1";
text_2 = "2";
text_3 = "3";
text_4 = "4";
text_5 = "5";
text_6 = "6.";
text_7 = "7";
text_8 = "8";
text_9 = "9.";
text_10 = "10";
text_11 = "11";
text_12 = "12";
text_13 = "13";
text_14 = "14";
text_15 = "15";
text_16 = "16";
text_17 = "17";
text_18 = "18";
text_19 = "19";
text_20 = "20";

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES END
/* ===================================================== */
/* [Hidden] */

poly = pyramid_shape;
h = body_height_ratio / 100;
t = pyramid_height / 100;
letter_size = font_size/10;
letters = [text_1,text_2,text_3,text_4,text_5,text_6,text_7,text_8,text_9,text_10,text_11,text_12,text_13,text_14,text_15,text_16,text_17,text_18,text_19,text_20];
e = 2*cos(90-(180/poly)); // pyramid edge length
ang = asin((1-1*sin(90-(180/poly)))/h); // body face to vertical angle

function poly_vertices(n, poly, radius, initial_angle, z_offset) =
  n>=poly?[]:concat(
    [
      [
        sin(initial_angle + n*(360/poly))*radius,
        cos(initial_angle + n*(360/poly))*radius,
        z_offset
      ]
    ],
    poly_vertices(n+1,poly,radius,initial_angle,z_offset)
  );

vertices = concat(
  //top vertex
  [[0,0,h/2+t]],
  // bottom vertex
  [[0,0,-h/2-t]],
  // top polygon
  poly_vertices(0,poly,1,0,h/2),
  // bottom polygon
  poly_vertices(0,poly,1,180/poly,-h/2)
);

function pyramid_faces(n, poly, top, first) =
  n>=poly?[]:concat(
    [
      [top, first+n, first+((n+1)%poly)]
    ],
    pyramid_faces(n+1,poly,top,first)
  );

function pyramid_faces_revorder(n, poly, top, first) =
  n>=poly?[]:concat(
    [
      [first+n, top, first+((n+1)%poly)]
    ],
    pyramid_faces_revorder(n+1,poly,top,first)
  );

function side_faces(n, poly, p1, p2) =
  n>=poly?[]:concat(
    [
      [p1+(n+1)%poly,p2+n,p2+((n+1)%poly)],
      [p1+n, p2+n, p1+((n+1)%poly)]
    ],
    side_faces(n+1, poly, p1, p2)
  );

faces = concat(
  // top pyramid
  pyramid_faces(0, poly, 0, 2),
  // bottom pyramid
  pyramid_faces_revorder(0, poly, 1, 2+poly),
  // sides
  side_faces(0, poly, 2, 2+poly)
);

module letters_mask(poly, first) {
  union() {
    for(num=[0:poly-1]) {
      translate([0,0,-0.25])
      rotate([90-ang,0,(360/poly)*num])
      linear_extrude(height = 1, convexity=20)
      text(str(letters[first+num]?letters[first+num]:""), size = letter_size, font = Font, halign = "center", valign = "center", $fn = print_quality/5);
    }
  }
}

echo(h+min(t,0)*2);
scale(Dice_Length/(h+min(t,0)*2))
  translate([0,0,1-(1-sin(90-(180/poly)))/2])
  rotate([90+(poly%2?ang:-ang),0,0])
  union () {
    difference() {
      polyhedron(points=vertices, faces=faces, convexity=10);
      // cut out text
      translate([0,0,h/3])
        rotate([0,0,(poly%2)?0:(180/poly)])
        letters_mask(poly,0);
      rotate([180,0,0])
        translate([0,0,h/3])
        letters_mask(poly,poly);
  }
  // infill
  scale(0.95)
    polyhedron(points=vertices, faces=faces, convexity=10);
};

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a 3D-printable interlocking structure for joining two different materials. I want it to have a grid of these interconnects, and I need to be able to adjust the size of both the individual interconnect units and the overall grid. I've tried sketching out a design, but it's getting complicated, so I'd like some help writing the OpenSCAD code.

Essentially, imagine two interlocking surfaces. Each surface is a flat rectangle with a grid of "hooks" protruding from it. These hooks from the top surface interlock with the hooks from the bottom surface, sort of like a bunch of tiny dovetails, when the two are pressed together. I'd like to be able to specify the following parameters:

*   **`unit_length_width`:** This controls the base length and width of each individual "hook" in the grid.  Think of it as the "unit size" of the interconnect.
*   **`interlock_height`:** This is the height of the hooks.
*   **`grid_length`:** The number of units along one edge of the grid.
*  **`grid_width`:** The number of units along the other edge of the grid.
*   **`backing_height`:** The thickness of the flat rectangle *behind* the grid of hooks, i.e. the thickness of the main flat part of the interlocking surfaces.

I'd like to generate two parts, one for the "top" interconnect and one for the "bottom" interconnect. They'll both be rectangular, and when assembled, they'll interlock to create a solid joint. The top part will have hooks that go "up" or "out", and the bottom will have the same hook geometry but oriented to go "down" or "in", so that they fit together.

I want to be able to render just one part at a time, both, or neither, using a `part` parameter. `part=1` should only render the bottom surface; `part=2` should only render the top; `part=0` should render both. It would also be super useful if the top and bottom could be different colors when both are rendered, to make visualization clearer. I'm thinking red for the bottom and blue for the top would work. I would like this to be handled in a module named `interSurfaces()`.

I also need a module called `interSurface()` which generates one of the surfaces, and a module `interGrid()` which generates the grid of hooks that sit on the backing of the surface. Finally a module called `interRow()` and `interHook()` for building each row and the individual hooks.

I don't need you to provide a module to translate or render this, or anything related to printing. I also don't need a GUI. I just want the OpenSCAD files which I can render and work with.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
Material_interconnect_v1.scad:
```
part = 1; // [1:Bottom, 2:Top]
// (millimeters, length/width of interconnect grid unit)
unit_length_width = 1; // [1:100]
// (millimeters, height of interconnect grid overhang)
interlock_height = 1; // [1:100]
// (number of repeated units)
grid_length = 10; // [1:100]
// (number of repeated units)
grid_width = 10; // [1:100]
// (millimeters)
backing_height = 2; // [1:100]

interSurfaces([unit_length_width, interlock_height], [grid_length, grid_width], backing_height, part);

module interSurfaces(unit_size=[1,1], grid_size=[10,10], backing=2, only_part=0) {
    total_size = [
        grid_size[0] * (2 * unit_size[0]),
        grid_size[1] * (2 * unit_size[0]),
        backing + unit_size[0],
    ];

    if (only_part == 0 || only_part == 1) {
        color("red")
        interSurface(unit_size, grid_size, backing);
    }

    if (only_part == 0 || only_part == 2) {
        color("blue")
        translate([total_size[0], total_size[1], (backing * 2) + (unit_size[1] * 2)]) {
            rotate([0, 180, 90]) {
                interSurface(unit_size, grid_size, backing);
            }
        }
    }
}

module interSurface(unit_size, grid_size, backing) {
    cube([
        grid_size[0] * (2 * unit_size[0]),
        grid_size[1] * (2 * unit_size[0]),
        backing,
    ]);
    translate([0, 0, backing]) {
        interGrid(unit_size, grid_size);
    }
}

module interGrid(unit_size, grid_size) {
    for (i = [0 : grid_size[0] - 1]) {
        translate([i * (unit_size[0] * 2), 0, 0]) {
            interRow(unit_size, grid_size[1]);
        }
    }
}

module interRow(unit_size, length) {
    for (i = [0 : length - 1]) {
        translate([0, i * (unit_size[0] * 2), 0]) {
            interHook(unit_size);
        }
    }
}

module interHook(unit_size) {
    u = unit_size[0];

    cube([u, u, unit_size[1] * 2]);

    translate([u, 0, unit_size[1]]) {
        cube([u, u, unit_size[1]]);
    }

    translate([0, u, unit_size[1]]) {
        cube([u, u, unit_size[1]]);
    }
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a top-loading filament spool roller for my 3D printer dry box. I've got a basic idea of what I need, but I need some help generating the OpenSCAD files.

The design should have a few key characteristics:

*   **Thin Profile:** I want the roller to be as thin as practical.  The design should use the "spool keeper" lip on the inside of the spool to prevent it from sliding off the bearings, rather than having a large flange.

*   **One-Piece Roller Arms:**  Each set of roller arms should be a single, integrated piece that holds two bearings. I don't want separate arms that I have to position independently.

*   **Modular:** The design should use separate parts that can be mixed and matched. I want to have roller arms that can be used with different sized spreader plates that will determine the spacing between spools. I want to be able to use this same configuration to create single spool holders if needed by adjusting spacing.

*   **Uses 608 Bearings:** The design will hold 4 standard 608 bearings for the rollers. The bearings will be held in place by bolts and nylock nuts. I'm using 5/16" x 1.25" bolts with washers, but it would be nice to make the design work for 8mm bolts as well.

*   **Spreader Plates:** The design should include a modular plate that connects multiple roller arms. The plates will be bolted to the bottom of the roller arms to locate several spool rollers at a specific distance apart. The plates will have some sort of notch or groove that will engage a matching feature on the arms to ensure that they are positively located with respect to each other.

*   **Parametric:** I'd like all the key dimensions to be easily adjustable. Things like the spacing between the bearings, the width of the spreader plates, the size of the bolts used to mount the bearings, etc. should be easily adjustable via variables.

So, to summarize, I need these basic parts:

1.  **Roller Arm:** This will be the main part that holds two bearings.
2.  **Spreader Plate:** This will be the plate that connects multiple roller arms to space spools apart.
3.  **Bearing Mounts:** An integral part of the roller arm, shaped to hold the bearings and bolt securely.

The design should have the following parameters to start with, but should be easily customizable:

*   `bearingSpacing` = 130.0 mm (the distance between the centers of the two bearings on a single roller arm)
*   `axleDiameter` = 8.0 mm (the diameter of the bolt used to secure the bearings - 5/16 inch bolts will fit an 8 mm hole)
*   `pbThickness` = 9.0 mm (pillow block thickness)
*   `pbGap` = 0.5 mm (gap between bearing and pillow block)
*   `carriageWidth` = 10.7 mm (the width of the roller arms)
*   `carriageThickness` = 9.0 mm (the thickness of the roller arms)
*   `plateThickness` = 7.0 mm (the thickness of the spreader plates)
*   `plateGap` = 0.2 mm (gap between plate and carriage)
*   `plateWidth` = 25.0 mm (the width of the spreader plates)
*   `plateCtoC` = 56.0 mm (the center to center spacing of the plates' mounting features)
*   `plateCapHeight` = 9.5 mm (the height of the cap on the spreader plate)
*   `plateCapWidth` = 8.0 mm (the width of the cap on the spreader plate)

I'm not worried about fancy chamfers, but it would be nice to have some rounded or beveled edges just to make the design look nice and print easier.  I also need some space for nut/washer clearances, so I'd be grateful if the bearing mount area could have that built in.  Finally, I'd like there to be a small space behind the bearings so they aren't resting flush against a solid face when they're installed.

I'm fine if this requires multiple files, or if it's just one big one. I'm not using any specific OpenSCAD libraries currently, but I am open to using them if you think they would make the design easier. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Roller.scad:
```

$fn=120*1;
gap               =   0.3*1;
spacing           =   3.0*1;
cornerDepth       =   1.5*1;
axleDiameter      =   8.0*1;
pbThickness       =   9.0*1;
pbGap             =   0.5*1;
pbAngleOuter      =   0.0*1;
pbAngleInner      =  30.0*1;
  pbOD   = axleDiameter + (pbGap+pbThickness) * 2;
  pbID   = pbOD - pbThickness*2;
  pbTopXO = cos( pbAngleOuter ) * pbOD/2;
  pbTopYO = sin( pbAngleOuter ) * pbOD/2;
  pbBotXO = pbTopXO + cos( 90-pbAngleOuter ) * pbOD/2 + tan( pbAngleOuter ) * pbOD/2;
  pbTopXI = cos( pbAngleInner ) * pbOD/2;
  pbTopYI = sin( pbAngleInner ) * pbOD/2;
  pbBotXI = pbTopXI + cos( 90-pbAngleInner ) * pbOD/2 + tan( pbAngleInner ) * pbOD/2;
extra             =  0.1*1;
thin              =  0.01*1;
bearingSpacing    = 130.0; //[90:1:200]
carriageWidth     =  10.7*1;
carriageLength    = bearingSpacing + pbOD;  // 3" = 76.2mm, 2.5" = 63.5
carriageThickness =   9.0*1;
plateThickness    =   7.0*1;
plateGap          =   0.2*1;
plateWidth        =  25.0*1;
plateCtoC         =  56.0; //[31:1:150]
plateCapHeight    =   9.5*1;
plateCapWidth     =   8.0*1;
plateLength       = plateCtoC + plateCapWidth*2 + plateGap;
carriageHeight    = carriageThickness+plateThickness+pbOD;
nCarriages        =     2; //[0:1:4]
nPlates           =     2; //[0:1:4]

for( n = [0:3] )
  { if ( n < nCarriages )
      translate( [0,n*(carriageHeight+spacing),0] )
        carriage();
  }

for( n = [1:4] )
  { if ( n <= nPlates )
      translate( [0,n*(-plateWidth-spacing),0] )
        plate();
  }

module carriage()
{ translate( [-carriageLength/2,pbOD+carriageThickness,carriageWidth/2] )
  rotate( [90,0,0] )
  difference()
    { union()
        { translate ([pbBotXO,0,carriageThickness])
            rotate( [0,0,180] )
              pillowBlock();

          translate ([carriageLength-pbBotXO,0,carriageThickness])
            pillowBlock();

          linear_extrude( carriageThickness )
            chamferedRectangle( top   = -carriageWidth/2,
                                bot   =  carriageWidth/2,
                                left  =  0,
                                right =  carriageLength,
                                cc    =  cornerDepth      );

          underCarriage();
        }

      corners();

      # carriageLabel();
    }
}

module underCarriage()
{ endLength   = carriageWidth + 2*cornerDepth;
  underLength = (carriageLength - plateWidth+plateGap - (plateWidth+plateGap+endLength)*2)/2;
  underStart  = endLength + plateWidth + plateGap;

  translate( [0,0,-plateThickness] )
    linear_extrude( plateThickness+extra )
      chamferedRectangle( top   = -carriageWidth/2,
                          bot   =  carriageWidth/2,
                          left  =  0,
                          right =  endLength,
                          cc    =  cornerDepth      );

  translate( [0,0,-plateThickness] )
    linear_extrude( plateThickness+extra )
      chamferedRectangle( top   = -carriageWidth/2,
                          bot   =  carriageWidth/2,
                          left  =  carriageLength-endLength,
                          right =  carriageLength,
                          cc    =  cornerDepth      );

  translate( [0,0,-plateThickness] )
    linear_extrude( plateThickness+extra )
      chamferedRectangle( top   = -carriageWidth/2,
                          bot   =  carriageWidth/2,
                          left  =  underStart,
                          right =  underStart+underLength,
                          cc    =  cornerDepth      );

  translate( [0,0,-plateThickness] )
    linear_extrude( plateThickness+extra )
      chamferedRectangle( top   = -carriageWidth/2,
                          bot   =  carriageWidth/2,
                          left  =  underStart+plateWidth+plateGap+underLength,
                          right =  underStart+plateWidth+plateGap+underLength*2,
                          cc    =  cornerDepth      );
}

module carriageLabel()
{ font1 = "Baloo Bhai"; // here you can select other font type

  translate ([carriageLength/2-9,-3,carriageThickness-1.5])
    linear_extrude( 2 )
      text( str(bearingSpacing), font = font1, size = 6, direction = "ltr", spacing = 1 );
}

module pillowBlock()
{ translate( [0,carriageWidth/2,pbOD/2] )
  rotate( [90,0,0] )
  difference()
    { union()
        { linear_extrude( carriageWidth )
            polygon(points=[[ pbTopXO, pbTopYO],
                            [-pbTopXI, pbTopYI],
                            [-pbBotXI, -pbOD/2],
                            [ pbBotXO, -pbOD/2]],
                    paths =[[0,1,2,3,0]] );

          linear_extrude( carriageWidth )
            circle( r=pbOD/2 );
        }

      translate( [0,0,-extra/2] )
        linear_extrude( carriageWidth+extra )
          circle( r=pbID/2 );
    }
}

module chamferedRectangle( top=1, bot=2, left=1, right=2, cc=0.1 )
{ polygon( points=[[ left+cc, top   ],
                   [right-cc, top   ],
                   [right   , top+cc],
                   [right   , bot-cc],
                   [right-cc, bot   ],
                   [ left+cc, bot   ],
                   [ left   , bot-cc],
                   [ left   , top+cc]],
           paths =[[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,0]] );
}

module corners()
{ cornerPair();
  translate( [carriageLength,0,0] )
    rotate( [0,0,180] )
      cornerPair();
}

module cornerPair()
{ translate( [0,-carriageWidth/2,0] )
    corner();

  translate( [0,carriageWidth/2,0] )
    rotate( [0,0,270] )
      corner();
}

module corner( l=carriageThickness + pbOD )
{ translate( [0,0,-extra] )
    linear_extrude( l + extra*2 )
      polygon(points=[[-thin,-thin ],
                      [-thin,cornerDepth],
                      [cornerDepth,-thin]],
                    paths =[[0,1,2,0]] );
}

module plate()
{ translate( [-plateLength/2,0,0] )
    difference()
      { union()
          { linear_extrude( plateThickness )
              chamferedRectangle( top   =  0,
                                  bot   =  plateWidth,
                                  left  =  0,
                                  right =  plateLength,
                                  cc    =  cornerDepth  );

            cap();
            translate( [plateCapWidth+plateGap+carriageWidth,0,0] )
              cap();
            translate( [plateLength-plateCapWidth,0,0] )
              cap();
            translate( [plateLength-2*plateCapWidth-plateGap-carriageWidth,0,0] )
              cap();
          }
        translate( [plateLength,0,0] )
          rotate( [0,270,0] )
            corner( plateLength );

        translate( [0,plateWidth,0] )
          rotate( [0,270,180] )
            corner( plateLength );

        translate( [0,plateWidth,0] )
          rotate( [90,0,0] )
            corner( plateWidth );

        translate( [plateLength,0,0] )
          rotate( [90,0,180] )
            corner( plateWidth );

        # plateLabel();
      }
}

module plateLabel()
{ font1 = "Baloo Bhai"; // here you can select other font type
  fontSize = ( plateCtoC < 50 ) ? 6 : 8;
  leftShift = ( plateCtoC <= 46 ) ? plateCapWidth + 0.6 : plateLength/2-fontSize*3/4;

  translate ([ leftShift,plateWidth/2-fontSize/2,plateThickness-1.5])
    linear_extrude( 2 )
      text( str(plateCtoC), font = font1, size = fontSize, direction = "ltr", spacing = 1 );
}

module cap()
{ difference()
    { linear_extrude( plateCapHeight+plateThickness )
        chamferedRectangle( top   =  0,
                            bot   =  plateWidth,
                            left  =  0,
                            right =  plateCapWidth,
                            cc    =  cornerDepth  );
      union()
        { translate( [0,0,plateCapHeight+plateThickness] )
            rotate( [270,0,0] )
              corner( plateWidth );

          translate( [plateCapWidth,plateWidth,plateCapHeight+plateThickness] )
            rotate( [270,0,180] )
              corner( plateWidth );
        }
    }

}

```


[User]
Okay, I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a protective bumper that goes around a cylindrical tank, kind of like the one I already made. It should have customizable dimensions and a twisty bar design. I'd like it to be robust enough to protect the tank from impacts.

Here’s what I'm thinking:

The design should be based on the following parameters:

*   **`bumper_height`**: This is the overall height of the bumper, which should match the height of the tank it's protecting.
*   **`inner_diameter`**: This should be the inner diameter of the bumper, matching the diameter of the tank.
*   **`wall_thickness`**: The thickness of the main bumper structure.
*   **`bar_width`**: The width of the bars that wrap around the bumper.
*   **`clearance`**: A small clearance value to make sure the bumper doesn't fit too tightly.
*   **`bars`**: The number of bars that wrap around the bumper, creating the twist effect.
*   **`edge_width`**: The thickness of the top and bottom edges of the bumper; basically, it's the endcap thickness.

The bumper itself is basically a hollow cylinder with the twisty bars added. The main body should be a cylinder with the specified `inner_diameter`, `wall_thickness`, and `bumper_height`. The `clearance` value needs to be added to both the inner and outer radius of this cylinder. There should be top and bottom endcaps, again, cylinders with the specified `edge_width`.

The twisty bars should start at the top edge and wrap downwards in a twist. There should be a `bars` number of these bars, spaced equally around the circumference. The `twist` of each bar is equal to 360/bars, and the linear extrusion should be `bumper_height - 2*limit_edges()` where limit_edges() is defined as the maximum of wall_thickness and edge_width, so the top and bottom edges are clear.
I'd also like a mirrored second set of bars, offset on the z-axis and with a rotational offset of 1.6 * limit_edges() - bumper_height, so they crisscross the main set of bars. I am not sure if this should be a module or not.

I don’t need any advanced features or special functions, just basic OpenSCAD stuff.  I'm not sure of which is the best way to do the linear extrude and twist, though. I assume you know the best way.

It would be great if the design were easy to understand and modify later. I do want to avoid overusing any $fa parameters - I found I can avoid a lot of errors with that in my own designs.

I think that covers everything. I’m really just trying to make sure my tank doesn't break again, so I hope you can help.

[Assistant]
Bumper.scad:
```
// Height of bumper (Hight of the tank)
bumper_height=25;
// Inner diameter, diamiter of tank
inner_diameter=22;
// Thickness of bumper
wall_thickness=2;
// Lateral width of bars in the bumper
bar_width=3;
// Model clearance
clearance=.3;
// Number of bars in twist
bars=12;
// Edge width, thickness of top and bottom bar.
edge_width=bumper_height/4;
/* [Hidden] */
// maximum model angle
A=6;
// Rotation of Bars
R=360/bars;

intersection() {

difference() {
make();
translate([0,0,-5]) cylinder(bumper_height+10,d=inner_diameter+clearance,$fa=A);
//translate([0,0,-5]) cylinder(bumper_height+10,d=inner_diameter+wall_thickness+2*clearance,$fa=A);
}
translate([0,0,-5]) cylinder(bumper_height+10,d=inner_diameter+wall_thickness+2*clearance,$fa=A);
}

module bars () {
    for(i=[0:bars-1]){
        rotate([0,0,360/bars*i])
            translate([0,0,limit_edges()])
                linear_extrude(height = bumper_height-2*limit_edges(), convexity = 10, twist = R, $fn=100)
                    translate([-(inner_diameter+wall_thickness)/2,0,0])
                        polygon([[0,0],[0,bar_width],[wall_thickness,bar_width],[wall_thickness,0]]);
    }
}

module make () {
    cylinder(limit_edges(),d=inner_diameter+wall_thickness+2*clearance, $fa=A);
    translate([0,0,bumper_height-limit_edges()])
        cylinder(limit_edges(),d=inner_diameter+wall_thickness+2*clearance, $fa=A);
    bars();
    rotate([0,0,1.6*limit_edges()-bumper_height])mirror()bars();
}

function limit_edges()=
    max(wall_thickness,edge_width);
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to get some help making a parametric number plate generator in OpenSCAD. I've got a rough idea of what I want, but I need something more robust and flexible.

Here's the general concept: The design should produce a rectangular plate with rounded corners, and it'll have mounting holes. There will be three lines of text on the plate: one large main line of text, and then smaller lines of text above and below the main line. The overall size of the plate should adjust automatically based on the length of the main line of text.

Here are some specifics:

*   **Plate Text:** The main text line should be the biggest and centered. This will determine the overall width of the plate, so it will need to adjust accordingly.
*   **Top Text:** A smaller line of text above the main text, centered.
*   **Bottom Text:** A smaller line of text below the main text, centered.
*   **Corner Radius:** The plate needs rounded corners, and I'd like to specify the radius.
*   **Plate Thickness:** The overall thickness of the plate.
*   **Mounting Holes:** There should be four mounting holes, one near each corner. The size of these holes should be adjustable. If I set the hole size to zero, no holes should be generated.
*   **Font:**  I'd like to specify the font used for all the text on the plate.
*   **Parametric:** I need all the text, sizes, etc. to be easily adjustable using parameters at the top of the file.
*   **Base Shape:** The base shape should be created using `hull()` and circles, and it needs to be different from the holes to create a more clean edge on the plate. The center hole should also be created by using `hull` as the base and subtracting it, again, for a cleaner edge.

I'm hoping you can generate an OpenSCAD file (or files if that makes more sense) that can do this.  I'm not particularly attached to any libraries other than what already exists in OpenSCAD itself so if you don't need to use any additional libraries, then don't! The important part is that it's configurable and does a good job with the hull and difference operations to get a clean final product! Thanks!

[Assistant]
Plates.scad:
```
//Plate Text (ideal 7 but plate will scale appropriatly)
P_Text = "D4N R4D";
//Top Text - The text at the top of the plate
T_Text = "My Plate";
//Bottom Text - The text at the bottom of the plate
B_Text = "By dan3008";
//corner radius. Must be a number
R_Corner = 2.5;
//Thickness of overall numberplate
P_Thick = 5;
//Hole Size - Size of the mounting holes (0 = no hole)
M_Size = 1;
//Font to use for the plate
P_Font = "Oswald";

module P_Base(size, radius)
{
	x = size[0];
	y = size[1];
	z = size[2];
    difference(){
        linear_extrude(height=z)
        hull()
        {
            // place 4 circles in the corners, with the given radius
            translate([(radius), (radius), 0])
            circle(r=radius);

        translate([(radius), (y+radius), 0])
            circle(r=radius);

        translate([(x+radius), (radius), 0])
            circle(r=radius);

        translate([(x+radius), (y+radius), 0])
            circle(r=radius);
        }
        translate([0,0,z/2]){
            linear_extrude(height=z)
            hull()
            {
                // place 4 circles in the corners, with the given radius
                translate([(radius+1), (radius+1), 0])
                circle(r=radius);

            translate([(radius+1), (y+radius-1), 0])
                circle(r=radius);

            translate([(x+radius-1), (radius+1), 0])
                circle(r=radius);

            translate([(x+radius-1), (y+radius-1),0])
                circle(r=radius);
            }
        }
        linear_extrude(height=P_Thick){
        translate([5,50,0])
        circle(r=M_Size);
        translate([x,50,0])
        circle(r=M_Size);
        translate([5,5,0])
        circle(r=M_Size);
        translate([x,5,0])
        circle(r=M_Size);
        }
    }

}
module Make(val){
    x = len(val)*21;
    P_Base([x, 50, P_Thick], R_Corner, $fn=12);
    translate([x/2,25])
    {
        linear_extrude(height=P_Thick)
        text(val,font=P_Font,valign="center",halign="center", spacing = 0.9,size=25);
    }
    translate([x/2,47])
    {
        linear_extrude(height=P_Thick)
        text(T_Text,font=P_Font,valign="center",halign="center", spacing = 0.9,size=5);
    }
    translate([x/2,7])
    {
        linear_extrude(height=P_Thick)
        text(B_Text,font=P_Font,valign="center",halign="center", spacing = 0.9,size=5);
    }

}
Make(P_Text);
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a parametric linear bearing with a twist, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD for it. I've got a basic concept, but I need help fleshing it out into a fully functional and adjustable design. I've been tinkering with some initial code but haven't gotten it quite right.

My idea is to have a cylindrical bearing body with a set of circular sliders embedded within the inner diameter. The bearing should allow for linear movement (along the z-axis), and the twist should be an adjustable parameter.

Here are the core parameters I'd like to control:

*   **Bearing Body:**
    *   `height`: The overall height of the bearing.
    *   `inner_Radius`: The inner radius of the bearing, which will also influence where the sliders are located.
    *   `outer_Radius`: The outer radius of the bearing.
    *   `wall_Thickness`: The thickness of the material surrounding the bearing.

*   **Sliders:**
    *   `slider_Radius`: The radius of the individual circular sliders.
    *  `number_Of_Sliders`: The number of sliders to be placed around the inner circumference.

*   **General Options:**
    *   `degrees_Rotate`: The total degrees of rotation along the Z-axis.
    *   `quality`: Controls the number of facets used in the circles.

I was hoping you could design this with a modular approach, similar to what I was attempting:

*  A base module should use circular sliders around the inner circumference, and subtract that result from the inner section of the bearing. A second set of modules should generate the outer cylinder, subtracting an inner wall to create the outer shell. A final base module should combine them all.

*   A `3D()` module should linear_extrude the combined base module and include the twist.

I'm looking for a single .scad file for all of this. It would be really great if the code were well-commented and easy to understand since I'm still learning the ropes with OpenSCAD. I am also unfamiliar with some of the libraries available, please don't include any of them for now.

[Assistant]
v1.scad:
```
/* [Bearing Body] */
height = 24; //[1:100]
inner_Radius = 4; //[1:30]
outer_Radius = 7.5; //[3:40]
wall_Thickness = 2; //[1:35]

/* [Sliders] */
slider_Radius = 4; //[1:50]
number_Of_Sliders = 4; //[1:12]

/* [Options] */
degrees_Rotate = 180; //[1080]
quality = 550; //[30:Low, 50:Standard, 80:Fine, 100:Finer, 150:Finest

///
///linear_extrude(height,center=true)
///    circle(inner_Radius,$fn=quality);
///

theta = 360/number_Of_Sliders;
function mod(a,m) = a-m*floor(a/m);

module starter() {
    translate([(slider_Radius*cos(theta))+(inner_Radius*cos(theta)),(slider_Radius*sin(theta))+(inner_Radius*sin(theta)),0])
        circle(slider_Radius,$fn=quality);
}

module one() {
    for (i = [1:(number_Of_Sliders/2)]) {
        rotate([0,0,i*theta]) {
            starter();
        }
    }
}

module two(One_If_Odd) {
    rotate([0,0,((number_Of_Sliders-One_If_Odd)*(theta/2))])
        one();
    if (One_If_Odd == 1) {
        starter();
    }
}

module circles() {
    one();
    if (mod(number_Of_Sliders,2)==0) {
        two(0);
    } else {
        two(1);
    }
}

module clearOuter() {
    difference() {
        circles();
        difference() {
            circle(inner_Radius + 2*slider_Radius + 1);
            circle(outer_Radius);
        }
    }
}

module outerRing() {
    difference() {
        circle(outer_Radius);
        circle(outer_Radius-wall_Thickness);
    }
}

module base() {
    union() {
        clearOuter();
        outerRing();
    }
}

module 3D() {
    linear_extrude(height = height, center = true, twist = degrees_Rotate, $fn=quality) {
        base();
    }
}
3D();
```