[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a design for a multi-layered, twisted bowl-like structure using OpenSCAD. I've seen some cool designs using linear extrusions and wanted to create my own parameterized version.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

*   **Basic Shape:** The core shape should be based on a polygon, the number of sides of which will be a parameter. Each layer will be a linear extrusion of this polygon.
*   **Layers and Twist:** There will be multiple layers stacked on top of each other. Each layer should have an alternating twist applied to it during the linear extrusion.
*   **Rims:** Between each layer, there should be a short, untwisted "rim" that's also a linear extrusion of the same polygon shape. These rims should follow the overall scaling applied up to that point.
*   **Scaling:** Each layer and rim should be scaled by different amounts. There should be a "flare" parameter (bodyflare) that causes each layer to scale outwards a little more than the last, and a "slope" parameter that can counteract the flare, with an overall scaling effect that will depend on the ratio between the two. The rim scale should continue scaling out to connect smoothly with the next layer.
*   **Hollowing:** The whole structure should be hollowed out with a wall thickness that is a user parameter.
*   **Base:** A non-twisted linear extrusion of the polygon should be present at the very bottom as a base, before the rest of the bowl shape begins.
*   **Parameters:**
    *   `radius`: The radius of the base polygon.
    *   `sides`: The number of sides of the base polygon.
    *   `thickness`: The wall thickness of the bowl.
    *   `bodyheight`: The height of each body layer extrusion.
    *   `bodytwist`: The twist angle in degrees applied to each body layer extrusion.
    *   `bodyflare`: A scaling factor for the body layers.
    *   `slope`: A scaling factor to counteract `bodyflare`.
    *  `baseheight`: The height of the base and rim extrusions.
    *   `numberslices`: the number of slices used in the linear extrudes
    * `numlayers`: the number of layers of bodies and rims
*   **Libraries:** No specific libraries needed, everything should be doable in core OpenSCAD.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD code to achieve this? I'd like to be able to adjust all of the parameters to get the exact shape I'm looking for. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Polybowl.scad:
```
//poly Bowls

radius= 50;
sides=8;
thickness=3;
bodyheight=45;
bodytwist=60;
bodyflare=1.1;
baseheight=5;
slope=0.9;
numberslices=60;

/////RENDER

///body1
translate([0,0,baseheight])
linear_extrude(height= bodyheight, twist=bodytwist, scale=bodyflare, slices= numberslices)
    potatoe(solid="");

//rim1
translate([0,0,baseheight+bodyheight])
linear_extrude(height=baseheight/2)
    scale(bodyflare)
    rotate([0,0,-bodytwist])
    potatoe(solid="");

//body 2

    translate([0,0,baseheight*1.5+bodyheight])
linear_extrude(height=bodyheight, twist=-bodytwist,
        scale=bodyflare/slope, slices= numberslices)
        rotate([0,0,-bodytwist])
        scale(bodyflare)
        potatoe(solid="");

//rim2
translate([0,0,baseheight*1.5+2*bodyheight])
linear_extrude(height=baseheight/2)
    scale((bodyflare*bodyflare)/slope)
    rotate([0,0,0])
   potatoe(solid="");

//body 3
    translate([0,0,baseheight*2+bodyheight*2])
linear_extrude(height=bodyheight, twist=bodytwist, scale=bodyflare/slope, slices= numberslices)
        scale((bodyflare*bodyflare)/slope)
        potatoe(solid="");

//rim3
translate([0,0,baseheight*2+3*bodyheight])
linear_extrude(height=baseheight/2)
    scale((bodyflare*bodyflare*bodyflare)/(slope*slope))
    rotate([0,0,-bodytwist])
    potatoe(solid="");
//body 4
    translate([0,0,baseheight*2.5+bodyheight*3])
linear_extrude(height=bodyheight, twist=-bodytwist, scale=bodyflare/slope, slices= numberslices)
        rotate([0,0,-bodytwist])
        scale((bodyflare*bodyflare*bodyflare)/(slope*slope))
        potatoe(solid="");

//rim4
translate([0,0,baseheight*2.5+4*bodyheight])
linear_extrude(height=baseheight/2)
    scale((bodyflare*bodyflare*bodyflare*bodyflare)/(slope*slope*slope))
    rotate([0,0,0])
    potatoe(solid="");

//base
linear_extrude(height=baseheight)
    potatoe(solid="");

/////MODULE

module potatoe(solid){
difference(){
   //outside
    offset( r=5, $fn=40)
        circle(r=radius, $fn=sides);
    // hollow
    if (solid=="no"){
    //inside
    offset( r=5-thickness, $fn=40)
       circle(r=radius, $fn= sides);
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable pencil holder, but I need some help generating the OpenSCAD code.

The basic idea is a cylindrical holder with multiple concentric rings for storing pencils. Each ring should hold a different number of pencils, with the outer ring having the most. The pencils should also be angled slightly outwards.

Here are the key features I'm looking for:

*   **Number of pencils on outer ring:** I need to be able to specify how many pencils go on the outermost ring. Let's make it adjustable between 24 and 64 pencils, maybe using a slider?
*   **Pencil slope angle:** The pencils should be angled outward. I'd like to set the angle for the outermost ring (20 to 40 degrees) and have each inner ring's angle adjust slightly based on it.
*   **Number of rings:** I want to set how many concentric rings of pencils there are (1 to 5 rings).
*   **Carrying handle:** An optional carrying handle in the center would be nice. I'd like an option to include or exclude this. It should be a simple upright handle.
*   **Debug view:** It would be helpful to have a debug option to display the pencils themselves so I can visualize the final positions before generating the holder without the debug pencils.

The pencil diameter should be a parameter too; maybe around 8.1 mm point to point, which works out to a radius of 4.05mm.

The rings should be spaced so that the pencils don't overlap too much, and the spacing should be consistent. The handle should be robust enough to hold the full holder without breaking. And of course, the whole thing needs to print nicely!

I'd like for the code to generate all necessary .scad files, and I am not relying on any pre-existing libraries such as MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, or BOLTS.

Let me know if you need any other information.

[Assistant]
pencil-holder.scad:
```
// Kyle Johnson (with Laurie Gellatly)
// Holder for multiple rings of pencils and a carrying handle

/* [Fancy Pencil Holder] */

// How many pencils on the outer ring
number_of_pencils_on_outer_ring = 36;   // [24:64]
// Starting slope angle of the outer ring of pencils
pencil_slope_angle = 30;	// [20:40]
// Number of pencil rings
rings = 2; // [1:5]
// Include a carrying handle?
include_handle = "yes"; // [yes: Yes, no: No]
// Show what the pencils will look like (for debug only, do not generate with this turned on)
show_pencils = "no"; // [yes: Show Pencils (DEBUG ONLY), no: Hide Pencils]

/* [Hidden] */
pencil_dia = 8.1;   // point to point
pencil_rad = pencil_dia/2;
slope_in = 5-pencil_slope_angle;
inner_angle_mod = 0.15;

base_rad = pencil_dia + (number_of_pencils_on_outer_ring * (3+pencil_dia))/6.282;
holder_height = 1.5+2*pencil_dia;
top_inner_radius = base_rad - pencil_dia - (pencil_dia + (pencil_dia*(rings-1)))  - ((rings-1)*pencil_rad) + (rings-1);
bottom_inner_radius = base_rad - (pencil_dia + (pencil_dia*(rings-1))) - ((rings-1)*pencil_rad) - (rings-1);

full_pencil = 160;

module pencil (length, has_point) {
    union() {
        cylinder(r=pencil_rad, h=length, $fn = 24);
        if(has_point){
            translate([0,0,length-0.1]) cylinder(r1=pencil_rad, r2=0, h=15, $fn = 24);
        }
    }
}

module pencil_rings (pencil_length, has_point) {
    for(row = [0:(rings-1)]){
            n_pencils = round(((base_rad - (pencil_dia-(row))) * 6.282)/(3.0+pencil_dia) - (pencil_dia*row));
            echo("Row",row+1," Pencils:", n_pencils);
            for(ang=[0:360/n_pencils:360]){
                rotate([0,0,ang]) translate ([base_rad - (pencil_rad+(pencil_dia*row)+(pencil_rad*row)), 0, 4.5]) rotate([pencil_slope_angle-(pencil_slope_angle*inner_angle_mod*row),(5-pencil_slope_angle)+(pencil_slope_angle*inner_angle_mod*row),0]) pencil(pencil_length, has_point);
            }
    }
}

module handle() {
    union(){
        difference() {
            union() {
                translate([-bottom_inner_radius, -(pencil_rad/2), 0]) cube(size = [2*bottom_inner_radius, pencil_rad, holder_height]);
                translate([-(pencil_rad/2),-bottom_inner_radius, 0]) cube(size = [pencil_rad, 2*bottom_inner_radius, holder_height]);
            }
            translate([0,0,-.1]) difference() {
                cylinder(r1=base_rad+4, r2 = base_rad - 3, h=holder_height+.2 ,$fn = 2*number_of_pencils_on_outer_ring);
                translate([0,0,-.1]) cylinder(r2 = top_inner_radius+.1, r1 = bottom_inner_radius+.1, h=holder_height+.4,$fn = 2*number_of_pencils_on_outer_ring);
            }
        }
        cylinder(r1=pencil_dia, r2 = pencil_rad, h = full_pencil/2, $fn = number_of_pencils_on_outer_ring);
        translate([0,0,full_pencil/2-.1]) union() {
            cylinder(r2=pencil_dia+pencil_rad, r1 = pencil_rad, h = 30, $fn = number_of_pencils_on_outer_ring);
        }
    }
}

union(){
    difference(){
        // Outside Cylinder
        cylinder(r1=base_rad+4, r2 = base_rad - 3, h=holder_height ,$fn = 2*number_of_pencils_on_outer_ring);
        translate([0,0,-.1]) cylinder(r2 = top_inner_radius, r1 = bottom_inner_radius, h=holder_height+.2,$fn = 2*number_of_pencils_on_outer_ring);
        pencil_rings(4*pencil_dia, false);
    }
    if(include_handle == "yes"){
        handle();
    }
}
if(show_pencils == "yes"){
    pencil_rings(full_pencil, true);
}

```


[User]
I need a set of base 10 blocks that can be customized. I want to be able to specify the length, width, and height in terms of how many cubes make up the block, as well as the size of each individual cube. I'd like the edges of the overall block to be rounded, and have grooves cut in between the individual cubes.

Specifically, I'd like to be able to set parameters for:

*   `cubeSize`: the size of each individual cube face (e.g., 10mm).
*   `lengthNum`: the number of cubes along the length of the block.
*   `widthNum`: the number of cubes along the width of the block.
*   `heightNum`: the number of cubes along the height of the block.
*   `res`: the resolution of the curves.
*   `cubeRad`: the radius of the rounded edges of the whole block, based on cubeSize
*   `groove`: the width of the grooves cut between the cubes, also based on cubeSize

The final shape should be a rectangular prism with the rounded edges and grooves that are formed using spheres and cylinders. The final model should be centered at the origin, though for 3D printing it should probably be raised so that the bottom face is at Z=0 (or close to it).

I would like you to generate the OpenSCAD code for this. I don't have any specific libraries in mind that I'd like to use, so use any libraries you think would be helpful.

[Assistant]
mathCubes.scad:
```
// model of math cubes for learning counting and volume and stuff for kids

//************************************************************
//PARAMETERS
//************************************************************
// Size of individual cube faces
cubeSize = 10; //[5:15]
// Number of cubes in the x direction
lengthNum = 10; //[1:25]
// Number of cubes in the y direction
widthNum = 10; //[1:19]
// Number of cubes in the z direction
heightNum = 1; //[1:15]
// Resolution
res = 60; //[30:Low,60:Med,90:High,120:Unnecessary]
// Radius on outer edges of entire solid
cubeRad = cubeSize/10;
// Radius of grooves cut between cubes
groove = cubeSize/10;

//************************************************************
//MATH
//************************************************************
// variables for overall dimensions
Length = cubeSize * lengthNum;
Width = cubeSize * widthNum;
Height = cubeSize * heightNum;

// values with radius subtracted so desired end product is created
length = Length - 2*cubeRad;
width = Width - 2*cubeRad;
height = Height - 2*cubeRad;

// cube will be centered on origin so halv values for these
// will make things look nicer
Hlength = length/2;
Hwidth = width/2;
Hheight = height/2;

//************************************************************
//RENDERS
//************************************************************
$fn = res;

// translate cube up to x-y plane to make printers happy
translate([0,0,Height/2]){
	mathCubes();
}

//************************************************************
//MODULES
//************************************************************
module mathCubes(){

	// put spheres in the bottom four corners
	module bottom(cubeRad,Hlength,Hwidth,Hheight){
		translate([-Hlength,-Hwidth,-Hheight]){
			sphere(cubeRad);
		}
		translate([Hlength,-Hwidth,-Hheight]){
			sphere(cubeRad);
		}
		translate([Hlength,Hwidth,-Hheight]){
			sphere(cubeRad);
		}
		translate([-Hlength,Hwidth,-Hheight]){
			sphere(cubeRad);
		}
	}

	// make a copy of all 4 spheres at the desired height
	module top(height){
		translate([0,0,height]){
			bottom(cubeRad,Hlength,Hwidth,Hheight);
		}
	}

	// use 'hull' to make a solid cube from the 8 spheres
	// do it this way to get the nice rounded edges
	module fullSolid(){
		hull(){
			bottom(cubeRad,Hlength,Hwidth,Hheight);
			top(height);
		}
	}

	// make cylinders to cut the required grooves in the front face;
	// multiply the heights of all the cylinders by 1.1 so they aren't
	// quite flush with the faces of the cube;
	// OpenSCAD doesn't like sharing faces
	module frontGrooves(){
		if(lengthNum > 1){
			for(i = [1:lengthNum-1]){
				translate([(-Length/2) + cubeSize*i,-Width/2,0]){
					cylinder(Height*1.1,groove,groove,true);
				}
			}
		}

		if(heightNum > 1){
			for(i = [1:heightNum-1]){
				translate([0,-Width/2,(-Height/2) + cubeSize*i]){
					rotate([0,90,0]){
						cylinder(Length*1.1,groove,groove,true);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// make cylinders to cut the required grooves in the side face
	module sideGrooves(){
		if(widthNum > 1){
			for(i = [1:widthNum-1]){
				translate([Length/2,(-Width/2) + cubeSize*i,0]){
					cylinder(Height*1.1,groove,groove,true);
				}
			}
		}

		if(heightNum > 1){
			for(i = [1:heightNum-1]){
				translate([Length/2,0,(-Height/2) + cubeSize*i]){
					rotate([90,0,0]){
						cylinder(Width*1.1,groove,groove,true);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// make cylinders to cut the required grooves in the top face
	module topGrooves(){
		if(widthNum > 1){
			for(i = [1:widthNum-1]){
				translate([0,(-Width/2) + cubeSize*i,Height/2]){
					rotate([0,90,0]){
						cylinder(Length*1.1,groove,groove,true);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		if(lengthNum > 1){
			for(i = [1:lengthNum-1]){
				translate([(-Length/2) + cubeSize*i,0,Height/2]){
					rotate([90,0,0]){
						cylinder(Width*1.1,groove,groove,true);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// combine grooves for all sides in one module
	// including the the back sides
	module allGrooves(){
		frontGrooves();
		sideGrooves();
		topGrooves();
		translate([0,Width,0]){
			frontGrooves();
		}
		translate([-Length,0,0]){
			sideGrooves();
		}
		translate([0,0,-Height]){
			topGrooves();
		}
	}

	// cut the grooves in the solid cube
	module complete(){
		difference(){
			fullSolid();
			allGrooves();
		}
	}

	// render the final product
	complete();
}
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a customizable box with a sliding lid and internal dividers. I've seen a design that's close to what I want but I'd like to have a parametric design so I can easily adjust the dimensions and number of compartments.

Here's what I'm thinking:

**Overall Box:**

*   I need to be able to set the overall **width**, **depth**, and **height** of the box.
*   The corners should be rounded with a customizable **radius**.
*   The box walls should have a defined **thickness**.

**Internal Compartments:**

*   I want to divide the box into compartments using dividers.
*   I need to set the number of **columns** (dividers running along the width)
*   I also want the number of **rows** of compartments (dividers running along the depth) to be adjustable, as well, which I realize is disabled in the example code.
*   The dividers should have a defined **thickness**.

**Lid:**

*   The lid should slide into the box opening.
*   I need to specify how much **play** or extra space there should be to allow the lid to slide easily. It shouldn't be an exact fit.
*   There should be a finger slot on the lid for easy opening.
*   The lid should have a trapezoidal profile, with a specified angle for the sides.

The design should use the MCAD library to create the rounded box for the main body, as well as calculate the geometry for the lid.

I'd like the OpenSCAD code to be well-commented and use clear variable names. I'm imagining the design would use a number of modules, for the lid, column dividers, row dividers, overall box and main assembly. I think that covers it for now, let me know if you need any clarification.

[Assistant]
sliding_top_box.scad:
```
/* [Outside Dimensions] */
// width
boxX = 40;
// depth
boxY = 60;
// height
boxZ = 25;
// radius of curved corners
cornerRad = 3;
// thickness of box walls
wallThick = 2;

/* [Compartments] */
// number of columns
xCompartments = 3;
// number of rows - THIS FEATURE IS DELIBERATELY DISABLED. Please see the summar & lessons below!
yCompartments = 2;
// thickness of divider walls
dividerThick = 1;

/* [Lid] */
// amount of play in the lid in mm - the lid can't be the exact same size as the opening
lidSnugness = 0.5;

/*
  This section is "hidden" from the customizer and is used for calculating
  variables based on those that the user inputs above
*/

/* [Hidden] */
// define the amount that needs to be subtracted to account for wall thicknesses
wallSub = 2 * wallThick;

// to avoid "z fighting" where surfaces line up exactly, add a bit of fudge
fudge = .001;

/*
  OpenSCAD Parametric Box Lesson

  Created by Aaron Ciuffo (aaron.ciuffo/txoof) - reach me at gmail or thingiverse

  December 16 2015

  Released under the Creative Commons Share Alike License
  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

  Thanks to:
  agalavis: http://www.thingiverse.com/agalavis (Nail slot issue!)
  0707070: http://www.thingiverse.com/0707070 (issues with lid size)

  Style Notes:
    * Indentation is used to show nested calls:

      union() {
        // one indention to show that all calls are part of the union call
        cube([x, y, z], center = true)
        sphere(r = radius, center = true)
      }

    * cammelCaps are used to name variables to make them readable:
      - this allows more descriptive and readable variable names

      lidLength = 5 versus lidlength or lidl
      boxCutOut = 4 versus boxcutout boxc

    * Long commands are split over multiple lines using indenation
      - this makes code more readable in all editors and makes relationships
        more clear

      translate([0, lY/2-wall/2, -wall+catch/2])
        cube([lX*.8, catch*1.5, catch*1.3], center=true);

*/

/*
  Add a ready made library for making rounded boxes
  Learn more about the MCAD libraries here: http://reprap.org/wiki/MCAD
*/
include <MCAD/boxes.scad>

/*
  Create the lid trapezoidal lid
  This sub creates both a lid and is used for cutting out the lid shape in the basic box
*/

snugness = 0.5;
module lid(cutter = false) {
  /*
    Lid profile

       boxX - 2* wall thickness + 2*(wall thickness/tan(trap angle))
    p0 ---------------- p1
       \) trap angle  /
        \            /
    P3   ------------   p2
         boxX - 2* wall thickness

  */

  // define how snug the fit should be on the lid
  // when this sub is used to "cut" enlarge the dimensions to make the opening larger
  snugness = cutter==false ? 1 : lidSnugness;

  // define the lid width (X)
  lidX = (boxX - wallSub) + snugness;

  // define the length of the lid (Y)
  lidY = boxY - wallThick + snugness;

  // define the thickness of the lid
  lidZ = wallThick + snugness;

  // define slot dimensions
  slotX = lidX*.9;
  slotY = lidY*.05;

  // define the angle in the trapezoid; this needs to be less than 45 for most printers
  trapAngle = 70;
  lidAdd = wallThick/tan(trapAngle);
  // define points for the trapezoidal lid
  p0 = [0, 0];
  p1 = [lidX, 0];
  p2 = [lidX + lidAdd, lidZ];
  p3 = [0 + -lidAdd , lidZ];

  //center the lid

  translate([-lidX/2, -lidZ/2, 0])
    // rotate the lid -90 degrees
    rotate([-90])
    difference() {
      // draw a polygon using the points above and then extrude
      // linear extrude only works in the Z axis so everything has to be rotated after
      linear_extrude(height = lidY, center = true)
        polygon([p0, p1, p2, p3], paths = [[0, 1, 2, 3]]);

      // add a fingernail slot for making opening the lid easier
      // the variable names are a bit wonky because the lid is drawn rotated -90 degrees
      if ( cutter == false) {
        translate([lidX/2, 0, lidY/2-slotY*2])
          roundedBox([slotX, lidZ, slotY], radius = slotY/2, $fn=36);
      }
    }
}

/*
  create the dividers for the columns in the box
*/
module xDividers(innerBoxDim) {

  // copy from here

  echo ("This is the xDividers module");
  echo ("innerBoxDim=", innerBoxDim);
  // the number of dividers is always one less than the number of compartments
  cols = xCompartments - 1;

  // calculate the spacing of the dividers based on the dimensions of the inner box

  // element 0 of the innerBoxDim variable contains the X dimension
  increment = innerBoxDim[0]/xCompartments;

  // if the number of compartments is bigger than 1, do this:
  if ( xCompartments > 1) {
    // this loops several times to make each divider from 1 to the number of columns
    for ( i = [1 : cols]) {
      // move each divider into place
        translate([-innerBoxDim[0]/2+i*increment, 0, 0])
          // draw a cube - remember to remove a bit for the snuggness factor on the lid
          cube([dividerThick, innerBoxDim[1], innerBoxDim[2]-2*snugness], center =true);

    } // this bracket is the end of the "for" loop
  } // this bracket is the end of the IF statement

  // copy to here

} // this should be the LAST curly bracket for xDividers

/*
  create the dividers for the rows
  You should be able to copy most of the xDiviers module into this module
  and make only minor changes.

  Think about the following things:
  * box/cube modules accept variables as arrays [X, Y, Z]
  * the first element of an array is called 0, the second 1, etc.
  * use '#' to help debug:
    https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language#Chapter_8_--_Debugging_aids
*/
module yDividers(innerBoxDim) {
// paste below this point.  Be careful that you pay attention to the curly brackets

} // this should be the LAST curly bracket for yDividers.

/*
  create the basic box
*/
module basicBox(outerBox, innerBox) {
  // Set the curve refinement
  $fn = 36;

  // Create the box then subtract the inner volume and make a cut for the sliding lid
  difference() {
    // call the MCAD rounded box command imported from MCAD/boxes.scad
    // size = dimensions; radius = corner curve radius; sidesonly = round only some sides

    // First draw the outer box
    roundedBox(size = outerBox, radius = cornerRad, sidesonly = 1);
    // Then cut out the inner box
    roundedBox(size = innerBox, radius = cornerRad, sidesonly = 1);
    // Then cut out the lid
    translate([0, 0, (boxZ/2)+fudge])
      lid(cutter = true);
  }
}

/*
  This module will call all of the other modules and assemble the final box
*/
module dividedBox() {
  echo ("This is the dividedBox module");
  // Define the volume that will be the outer box
  outerBox = [boxX, boxY, boxZ];

  // Define the volume that will be subtracted from the box
  // a "fudge factor" is added to avoid Z fighting when faces align perfectly
  innerBox = [boxX-wallSub, boxY-wallSub, boxZ-wallSub+fudge*2];

  // call the basic box module to add the box
  basicBox(outerBox, innerBox);

  // explain what's going on
  echo ("innerBox=", innerBox);

  // draw the dividers in the X dimension
  xDividers(innerBox);

  // draw the dividers in the Y dimension
  #yDividers(); // the # will highlight this in red when it is drawn

  // move the lid to the left of the box and also move it down  so it sits at the
  // same level as the bottom of the box
  //translate([-boxX, 0, -boxZ/2+wallThick/2])
  translate([-boxX, 0, -boxZ/2])
    rotate([0, 180, 0])
    lid();
}

// call the dividedBox module
dividedBox();
//lid();

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric OpenSCAD design for Mecanum wheels, and I'd like to be able to customize quite a few parameters. I'm picturing something where I have one file with all the parameters and then other files that actually generate the geometry. I've seen some similar designs and I'm hoping you can help me build one that meets my needs.

Essentially, the design has two main parts: a hub and the individual roller pieces. The hub needs to have spokes to hold the rollers and it also needs to have an attachment point for a motor shaft, preferably with a keyed slot. I need to be able to specify things like the number of rollers, the diameter of the hub, the thickness, and the distance to the motor. The motor attachment should also be customizable, including the radius of the shaft, the key inset, and the length of the holder.

The rollers need to be designed to conform to a "virtual wheel" shape. Basically, you imagine a profile that you then rotate around the center of the wheel; the contact surface of the rollers should match that profile. I also need to have a way to specify the angle of the rollers, the bearing dimensions, and have a holder for a captive nut, along with a bearing spacer. I need to be able to control the overall contact shape height and width of that "virtual wheel," as well.

Here are the specific parameters I'd like to be able to control in a separate parameters file (let's call it "wheel_parameters.scad"):

*   **General:**
    *   `slop`: A small value for manifold geometry.
    *   `wheel_axle_radius`: Distance from the hub axle center to the roller axles.
    *   `wheel_angle`: Angle of rollers relative to the hub axle.
    *   `num_wheels`: Number of roller spokes on the hub.
*   **Bearing Dimensions:**
    *   `bearing_inner_diameter`: Inner diameter of bearing.
    *   `bearing_outer_diameter`: Outer diameter of bearing (plus clearance).
    *   `bearing_width`: Width of bearing.
    *   `bearing_holder_width`: Thickness of printed part holding the bearing.
*   **Bearing Spacer Dimensions:**
    *   `bearing_inner_contact_min_width`: Min width of the bearing spacer at the bearing.
    *   `bearing_inner_contact_max_width`: Max width of the spacer at the roller.
    *   `bearing_inner_contact_height`: Height of the spacer.
*   **Wheel Hub Dimensions:**
    *   `hub_outer_radius`: Outer radius of the hub.
    *   `hub_thickness`: Thickness of the hub.
    *   `hub_printing_trim`: Amount to trim the outer edge of the hub.
    *    `hub_motor_distance`: Distance from edge of hub to motor.
*   **Hub Inner Spoke Dimensions:**
    *   `hub_spoke_thickness`: Thickness of the angled spoke.
    *   `num_spokes`: Number of inner spokes.
*   **Motor Shaft Dimensions:**
    *   `motor_attachment_radius`: Radius of the motor shaft holder.
    *   `motor_shaft_r`: Radius of the motor shaft.
    *   `motor_shaft_key_inset`: Amount to cut off a keyed motor shaft.
    *   `motor_shaft_length`: Length of the motor shaft holder.
*   **Roller Screw Axle Dimensions:**
    *   `m3_screw_r`: Radius of the screw.
    *   `m3_screw_shaft_length`: Length of the screw shaft (not including head/nut).
    *   `m3_nut_radius`: Radius of the nut.
    *   `m3_nut_holder_depth`: Depth of the captive nut holder.
    *   `m3_nut_holder_thickness`: Overall thickness of the roller between nut and bearing.
    *   `m3_entrance_clearance_r`: Radius at end of roller for nut insertion.
*   **Virtual Wheel Shape Dimensions:**
    * `contact_shape_thickness`: Width of the virtual wheel profile.
    *  `contact_shape_height`: Height of the virtual wheel profile

I'd also like to be able to see a preview of the bearing in that parameters file, but I don't need that to be parametric, it's just a visual aid.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files (`wheel_parameters.scad`, `wheel_shape.scad`, and `hub.scad`) for this setup? I'm not using any libraries, so I just need the base OpenSCAD functionality.

[Assistant]
wheel_parameters.scad:
```
// wheel_parameters.scad
//
// This is a component of a tool to generate Mecanum wheels that meet a variety of
// parameters set in the wheel_parameters.scad file.
//
// This file contains all the driving parameters for generating the wheel rollers and hub.
//
// Because of the large number of parameters and the relatively tight constraints of
// mecanum wheels, it takes some tuning to get something that's mechanically workable.
// However, it's easy to change values and watch the entire assembly preview change in
// hub.scad, so the process is not too painful!
//
// By Gregg Christopher, 2015
// This file is public domain.

// Small "epsilon" value for ensuring manifold geometry. "slop" is easier to type than "manifold."
slop = 0.01;

/* [Main Dimensions] */
// Distance from the hub axle center to the center of the axles of each roller.
wheel_axle_radius = 26;
// Angle of rollers relative to the hub axle. Change this and they're probably not mecanum wheels anymore.
wheel_angle = 45;
// Number of roller spokes on the hub.
num_wheels = 7;

// This example is for MR63ZZ bearings, because they are cheap to buy and mecanum wheels use a lot of them.
/* [Bearing Dimensions] */
// Inner diameter of bearing.
bearing_inner_diameter = 3;
// Outer diameter of bearing, plus extra clearance for printing. Should be a snug fit.
bearing_outer_diameter = 6 + 0.2;
// Width of bearing.
bearing_width = 2.5;
// Thickness of printed part holding the bearing in place.
bearing_holder_width = 3;

/* [Bearing Spacer Dimensions] */
// Width of the bearing spacer at the point where it contacts the bearing.
bearing_inner_contact_min_width = 0.4;
// Width of the spacer when at the roller.
bearing_inner_contact_max_width = 1.2;
// Height of the spacer (distance from the bearing to the main body of he roller.
bearing_inner_contact_height = 1.0;

/* [Wheel Hub Dimensions] */
// Outer radius of the main hub holding the roller wheel spokes. Needs to be small enough to allow clearance for the rollers.
hub_outer_radius = 15;
// Thickness of the hub wheel.
hub_thickness = 3;

// Amount to trim off outer edge of hub to make it more printable.
hub_printing_trim = 1;

// Distance from edge of hub to motor. (Clearance for the rollers to spin without hitting the motor or frame.)
hub_motor_distance = 12;

/* [Hub Inner Spoke Dimensions] */
// Thickness of the angled spoke from the inner hub to the motor shaft holder.
hub_spoke_thickness = 2.5;
// Number of inner spokes. Does not have to be the same as the number of wheel rollers.
num_spokes = 7;

/* [Motor Shaft Dimensions] */
// Radius of the solid piece holding the motor shaft, this forms the inner axle of the wheel hub.
motor_attachment_radius = 4;
// Radius of the motor shaft. Extra clearnace for printing is added in this example.
motor_shaft_r = 1.5 + 0.5;
// Amount to cut off a keyed motor shaft. Extra added to make it more snug in this example. Ideally pressure-fit, unless a set screw or glue is used.
motor_shaft_key_inset = 0.5 + 0.2;
// Length of motor shaft holder.
motor_shaft_length = 9;

// Please disregard that these variable are prefixed "m3". That's just the size the first version was using.
// These are more arbitrary parameters that can be changed.
/* [Roller Screw Axle Dimensions] */
// Radius of the screw. (extra size for printing clearance is added in this example.)
m3_screw_r = 1.5 + 0.6;
m3_screw_shaft_length = 20; // Not counting length of head and nut, add 5mm to actual screw length.
// Radius of the nut is calculated to be the circle containing the nut, plus some extra print clearance.
m3_nut_radius = 5.5 /2 / cos(30) + 0.5;
// Depth of the captive nut holder in the roller piece.
m3_nut_holder_depth = 3;
// Overall thickness of the solid portion of the roller between the nut and the bearing spacer.
m3_nut_holder_thickness = 7;
// Captive nut holder widens at the end of the roller to this radius to ease insertion of the nut.
m3_entrance_clearance_r = 4;

// Calculate the thickness of the main hub section that holds the angled outer hub spokes.
wheel_attachment_thickness = (bearing_outer_diameter + bearing_holder_width*2) * sin(wheel_angle) +
                             bearing_width * sin(wheel_angle);
echo(wheel_attachment_thickness);

// Width of the virtual wheel outline filled by the mecanum wheels.
contact_shape_thickness = 25;
// Height (radial measurement) of the virtual wheel outline filled by the mecanum wheels.
contact_shape_height = 16;

// Preview a sample bearing.
// Note that the bearing previewed here does not scale with parameters.
// If you want to see how a different bearing fits, replace this module.
// This is included as a demonstration for a particular wheel size. It does not scale with other parameters.
module MR63ZZ_bearing() {
  difference() {
    cylinder(r = bearing_outer_diameter/2, h = bearing_width, center = true, $fn = 30);
    cylinder(r = bearing_inner_diameter/2, h = bearing_width + 2*slop, center = true, $fn = 20);
  }
}

```
wheel_shape.scad:
```
// wheel_shape.scad
//
// This is a component of a tool to generate Mecanum wheels that meet a variety of
// parameters set in the wheel_parameters.scad file.
//
// This file generates the shape of a single wheel spoke roller piece (1/2 of a roller) for
// a mecanum wheel. It attempts to shape the spoke to conform to a "virtual wheel" shape
// that is extruded in a circle around the shaft of the wheel, so that when the spokes rotate
// around their individual shafts while the wheel is spinning, the effective possible
// contact surface with the ground is very close to that virtual wheel shape.
//
// This is accomplished by taking the intersection of a cylinder defining the possible
// volume of the spoke, and intersecting it with the virtual wheel shape. A slice of
// that intersection is chosen heuristically (i.e. I hardcoded some math/guesswork),
// and that slice is then rotationally extruded to make the spoke shape.
//
// A few other geometric features, like a bearing spacer and captive nut holder for]
// using a screw as an axle, are then added/cut into the spoke.
//
// Much more sophisticated approaches are possible, but surprisingly, this simplistic
// approach produced great results for the configurations I tried.
//
// Because of the large number of parameters and the relatively tight constraints of
// mecanum wheels, it takes some tuning to get something that's mechanically workable.
// However, it's easy to change values and watch the entire assembly preview change in
// hub.scad, so the process is not too painful!
//
// By Gregg Christopher, 2015
// This file is public domain.

include <wheel_parameters.scad>

// Create a 2D shape that will define the "virtual wheel" to which the rollers will
// attempt to conform. Try different shapes to see weird results!
// y = radial dimension
module wheel_shape_2d() {
  // As an example, uncomment the next two lines to test making rollers with
  // very rounded ends to make a less square wheel cross-section.
  // Warning! This particular shape increases the poly count, and SCAD might
  // be prohibitively slow.
  //offset(r = 4)
  //offset(r = -4)
  square([contact_shape_height, contact_shape_thickness], center = true);
}

// Calculate intersection points to determine an angle to take a slice of the
// wheel profile. This is not remotely an optimal or particularly elegant solution,
// but it worked well for the wheels I wanted to make.
x1 = cos(wheel_angle) * contact_shape_height/2;
y1 = sin(wheel_angle) * contact_shape_height/2;

y2 = y1 + contact_shape_thickness/2;
x2 = tan(wheel_angle) * y2;

cross_section_angle = atan(contact_shape_thickness/2 / (x1 + x2));

echo(x1);
echo(x2);
echo(y1);
echo(y2);
echo(cross_section_angle);

module mecanum_wheel_shape_3d() {
  difference() {
    // Create the base spoke shape
    rotate_extrude()
    rotate([180, 0, 90])
    intersection() {
      square([100, 100]);
      // Take a slice of the intersection of the virtual wheel and allowable spoke cylinder.
      projection(cut = true)
      rotate([0, 45, 0])
      intersection() {
        translate([0, -wheel_axle_radius, 0])
        rotate_extrude($fn = 100)
        translate([wheel_axle_radius, 0, 0])
        wheel_shape_2d();

        rotate([0, wheel_angle, 0])
        cylinder(r = contact_shape_height/2, h = 50, center = true, $fn = 30);
      }
    }
    translate([0, 0, -slop]) cylinder(r = 20, h = bearing_width/2 + 2*slop); // Remove material for hub
    translate([0, 0, bearing_width/2]) cylinder(r = m3_screw_r, h = m3_nut_holder_thickness + slop, $fn = 20); // Screw hole
    translate([0, 0, bearing_width/2 + m3_nut_holder_thickness]) cylinder(r = m3_nut_radius, h = m3_nut_holder_depth + slop, $fn = 6); // Nut holder hole
    // Cutout for screw and nut at the end of the roller.
    translate([0, 0, bearing_width/2 + m3_nut_holder_thickness + m3_nut_holder_depth])
    intersection() {
       remaining_height = x2 - bearing_width/2 - m3_nut_holder_thickness - m3_nut_holder_depth;
       cylinder(r1 = m3_nut_radius, r2 = m3_nut_radius + remaining_height/4, h = remaining_height, $fn = 6);
       cylinder(r = m3_entrance_clearance_r, h = remaining_height, $fn = 30);
    }
    // Cut out some extra clearance around the bearing spacer.
    // This cavity will collect fluff and other junk forever. It's great.
    translate([0, 0, bearing_width/2 - slop])
    difference() {
      cylinder(r1 = contact_shape_height/2 - 3.5 + bearing_inner_contact_max_width, r2 = contact_shape_height/2 - 3.5, h = bearing_inner_contact_height - 2*slop, $fn = 20); // Screw hole
      translate([0, 0, -slop]) cylinder(r1 = m3_screw_r + bearing_inner_contact_max_width, r2 = m3_screw_r + 2*bearing_inner_contact_max_width - bearing_inner_contact_min_width, h = bearing_inner_contact_height, $fn = 20); // Screw hole
    }
  }
  // Bearing spacer. Larger designs might want to omit this and go with a manufactured spacer matching the selected bearing.
  translate([0, 0, bearing_width/2 - bearing_inner_contact_height + slop])
  difference() {
    cylinder(r1 = m3_screw_r + bearing_inner_contact_min_width, r2 = m3_screw_r + bearing_inner_contact_max_width, h = bearing_inner_contact_height, $fn = 20);
    translate([0, 0, -slop]) cylinder(r = m3_screw_r, h = bearing_inner_contact_height + 2*slop, $fn = 20);
  }
}

// Position the roller spoke half for printing
rotate([0, 180, 0])
translate([0, 0, -x2 + 0.48])
mecanum_wheel_shape_3d();

```
hub.scad:
```
// hub.scad
//
// This is a component of a tool to generate Mecanum wheels that meet a variety of
// parameters set in the wheel_parameters.scad file.
//
// This file generates a hub to hold the mecanum wheels with a keyed drive shaft hole.
// Among the values that can change are the diameter, width, number of spokes, and
// distance from the hub to the base of the motor shaft.
//
// Don't forget that when printing mecanum wheel hubs, two of the four hubs need to be mirrored!
// Uncomment the mirror() statement near the bottom of this file to mirror the hub.
//
// By Gregg Christopher, 2015
// This file is public domain.

include <wheel_parameters.scad>
use <wheel_shape.scad>

wheel_spoke_length = wheel_axle_radius - hub_outer_radius + hub_thickness;

module hub() {
  difference() {
    union() {
      // Wheel holders:
      for(wheel_num = [1: num_wheels]) {
        rotate([0, 0, 360/num_wheels * (wheel_num-1)])
        rotate([0, 45, 0])
        translate([0, wheel_axle_radius, 0]) {
          difference() {
            union() {
              cylinder(r = bearing_outer_diameter/2 + bearing_holder_width, h = bearing_width, center = true, $fn = 30);
              translate([0, -wheel_spoke_length/2, 0])
              cube([bearing_outer_diameter + bearing_holder_width*2, wheel_spoke_length, bearing_width], center=true);
            }
            cylinder(r = bearing_outer_diameter/2, h = bearing_width + 2*slop, center = true, $fn = 30);
          }
          // Preview the bearing and wheels.
          // Note that the bearing previewed here does not scale with parameters.
          // If you want to see how a different bearing fits, replace this module call.
          %MR63ZZ_bearing();
          %mecanum_wheel_shape_3d();
          mirror([0, 0, 1])
          %mecanum_wheel_shape_3d();
        }

      }
      // Main hub body.
      difference() {
        cylinder(r = hub_outer_radius, h = wheel_attachment_thickness, center = true, $fn = 50);
        cylinder(r = hub_outer_radius - hub_thickness, h = wheel_attachment_thickness + 2*slop, center = true, $fn = 50);
      }

      // Motor key
      translate([0, 0, hub_motor_distance - wheel_attachment_thickness/2])
      difference() {
        cylinder(r = motor_attachment_radius, h = motor_shaft_length, $fn = 20);
        translate([0, 0, -slop]) intersection() {
          cylinder(r = motor_shaft_r, h = motor_shaft_length + 2*slop, $fn = 20);
          translate([-motor_shaft_r, -motor_shaft_r, 0]) cube([motor_shaft_r*2, motor_shaft_r*2 - motor_shaft_key_inset, motor_shaft_length + 2.5]);
        }
      }

      // Hub spokes
      for(spoke_num = [1: num_spokes]) {
        rotate([0, 0, 80 + 360/num_spokes * (spoke_num-1)]) {
          translate([0, 0, -wheel_attachment_thickness/2])
          rotate([90, 0, 0])
          translate([0, 0, -hub_spoke_thickness/2])
          linear_extrude(height = hub_spoke_thickness)
          polygon([[motor_shaft_r + slop, hub_motor_distance],
                   [motor_shaft_r + slop, hub_motor_distance + motor_shaft_length],
                   [hub_outer_radius - hub_thickness + slop, wheel_attachment_thickness],
                   [hub_outer_radius - hub_thickness + slop, 0]]);
        }
      }
    }

    translate([0, 0, -wheel_attachment_thickness/2 - slop])
    cylinder(r = 2*wheel_axle_radius, h = hub_printing_trim);
  }

  // Report the slop as a sanity check for printing.
  spoke_slope = atan((hub_outer_radius - hub_thickness - motor_shaft_r)/(hub_motor_distance));
  echo(str("Spoke overhang slope is: ", spoke_slope));
}

// Module to preview a small gearmotor.
// This is included as a demonstration for a particular motor size.
// It does not scale with other parameters.
module motor_preview() {
  color([0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 0.7])
  %intersection() {
    cylinder(r = 1.5, h = 9, $fn = 10);
    translate([-1.5, -1.5, 0]) cube([3, 2.5, 9]);
  }

  color([0.7, 0.7, 0.2, 0.7])
  translate([-6, -5, -9.5]) %cube([12, 10, 9.5]);

  color([0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 0.7])
  translate([0, 0, -24.5])
  %intersection() {
    cylinder(r = 6, h = 15, $fn = 20);
    translate([-6, -5, 0]) cube([12, 10, 15]);
  }
}

// Preview gearmotor
translate([0,0, hub_motor_distance - wheel_attachment_thickness/2 + motor_shaft_length])
rotate([0, 180, 0])
motor_preview();

// Preview virtual wheel shape
/*
%rotate_extrude($fn = 50)
translate([wheel_axle_radius, 0, 0])
wheel_shape_2d();
*/

// Hub needs to be printed mirrored for 2 of the wheels.
//mirror([1, 0, 0])
hub();

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a customizable pulley that uses standard bearings. I've been playing around with some designs, and I'm trying to achieve a "no-jam" design where the belt can't easily get caught or stuck. I'm thinking a design based on two flanges sandwiching a central groove for the belt, and the whole thing being built around a bearing.

Here's what I need to be able to customize:

*   **Bearing Dimensions:** I need to set the external bearing diameter, bearing height, and the bearing hole diameter (the inner diameter).
*   **Plate Size:** I'd like to specify the size of the flat side of the pulley (basically how big the flanges extend out).
*   **Output Options:** I'd like to be able to output either the flange itself, the groove piece (which I call "gola"), or the entire assembled pulley.

I'm picturing the pulley looking something like this: Two flange pieces that are roughly circular, with a bit of a hub where the bearing sits. The flanges should have a lip on the outside edge. In the center, there should be a separate piece (the 'gola') that forms the actual groove for the belt. The gola piece should fit between the two flanges and be what the belt rides against.

I'm imagining the final file would have three modules: `flangia()`, `gola()`, and `draw()`.

`flangia()` would generate the flange shape using the bearing dimensions and plate size.
`gola()` would generate the groove section.
`draw()` would take a parameter to select which part to display, or assemble the entire pulley.

I'm fine with the assumption that the bearing is a standard cylindrical shape. I would like the flange to have some kind of recessed area so the flange sits tightly against the bearing and the gola piece sits tightly in between the two flanges. I also want the flange to have a small lip on the outside edge that prevents the belt from slipping over.

Could you create OpenSCAD files for this that use parameters? I don't have any specific libraries that are required.

[Assistant]
No_Jam_Pulley_Customizable.scad:
```
$fn = 100;

// Which one would you like to see?
part = "all"; // [flangia:Half Shell,gola:Bearing Dress,all:Complete Pulley]

// External bearing diameter in mm
bearing_diameter = 24; //[10:40]
// Bearing height in mm
bearing_height = 8; //[4:12]
// Bearing hole diameter in mm
bearing_hole = 8; //[4:12]

// Plate side in mm
plate_side = 100;

draw();

module draw() {
	if (part == "flangia") {
		translate([0,0,bearing_height]) flangia();
	} else if (part == "gola") {
		translate([0,0,bearing_height / 2]) gola();
	} else if (part == "all") {
		translate([0,0,bearing_height]) {
			flangia();
			gola();
			rotate([180,0,0]) flangia();
		}
	} else {
		translate([0,0,bearing_height]) {
			flangia();
			gola();
			rotate([180,0,0]) flangia();
		}
	}
	%translate([0,0,-1]) cube([plate_side,plate_side,2], center=true);
}
module flangia() {
	union() {
		difference() {
			translate([0,0,-bearing_height/2]) hull() {
			   translate([bearing_diameter*1.33,0,0]) cylinder(d=bearing_diameter, h=bearing_height, center=true);
			   cylinder(d=bearing_diameter*1.5, h=bearing_height, center=true);
			}
			translate([bearing_diameter*1.33,0,-5]) cylinder(d=bearing_hole, h=bearing_height*5, center=true);
			translate([bearing_diameter*1.33,0,-bearing_height]) cylinder(d1=bearing_hole*1.5, d2=bearing_hole, h=bearing_height/2, center=true);
			translate([0,0,0]) cylinder(d=bearing_diameter*1.375, h=bearing_height*1.25, center=true);
			translate([0,0,0]) cylinder(d=bearing_hole, h=bearing_height*5, center=true);
			translate([-bearing_diameter/3,0,0]) cylinder(d=bearing_diameter*2.5, h=bearing_height*0.75, center=true);
			translate([bearing_diameter*1.666, 0, -bearing_height/4]) rotate([90,0,0]) rotate_extrude(convexity = 10) translate([bearing_height*0.9, 0, 0]) scale([0.8,1,1]) circle(r = bearing_hole/2.5);
		}
		difference() {
			translate([0,0,-bearing_height/1.6]) cylinder(d=bearing_hole*1.75, h=bearing_height/4, center=true);
			translate([0,0,0]) cylinder(d=bearing_hole, h=bearing_height*5, center=true);
		}
	}
}

module gola() {
	difference() {
		cylinder(h=bearing_height, d=bearing_diameter*1.3, center=true);
		cylinder(h=bearing_height*2, d=bearing_diameter*1.01, center=true);
		rotate_extrude($fn=100, convexity = 10) translate([bearing_diameter/1.5, 0, 0]) scale([0.5, 1]) circle(d = bearing_height*0.875);
	}
}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable name tag using OpenSCAD. It should have a rectangular base with rounded corners and a couple of holes for attaching it. I also need to be able to add text to the face of the tag.

Here are the parameters I need:

*   **Base Dimensions:**
    *   `xSize`: Length of the tag.
    *   `ySize`: Height of the tag.
    *   `zSize`: Thickness of the tag.
*   **Holes:**
    *   `holeDia`: Diameter of the holes. They should be positioned symmetrically near the top of the tag (one on the left and one on the right).
*   **Text:**
    *   `textHeight`: Extrusion height of the text.
    *   `textSize`: Size of the text.
    *   `myFont`: Font to use for the text. It should have a few options like "Liberation Mono", "Liberation Sans", "Liberation Sans Narrow", and "Liberation Serif".
    *   `myColor`: Color of the text (e.g., "green", "yellow", "blue", "red", "silver", "black").
    *   `myText`: The actual text to display.

The tag should have the text extruded and placed centered on the base, slightly below the horizontal center and raised slightly above the base.

I'd like the base to have rounded corners, and I think that the MCAD library has a `roundedBox` function that can do this.

Could you please generate an OpenSCAD file for this? I think it would be best if the code is organized into modules for each component: the base, the holes, and the text, and then a final module `makeTag` that combines everything using `difference`. I'm okay if all of the code is in one file.

[Assistant]
name_tag.scad:
```
/*
  Created by Aaron Ciuffo http://www.thingiverse.com/txoof/about
  Released under the Creative Commons Attrib-Share-Alike license
  16 December 2015

*/

/* [Base] */
xSize = 45; // length
ySize = 15; // height
zSize = 3; //thickness
holeDia = 3.5; // hole diameter

/* [Text] */
textHeight = 2; // [1:10]
textSize = 7.5; // [1:50]
myFont = "Liberation Sans"; // [Liberation Mono, Liberation Sans, Liberation Sans Narrow and Liberation Serif]
myColor = "yellow"; // [green, yellow, blue, red, silver, black]
myText = "My Name"; // Your name here!

/* [Hidden] */
holeRad = holeDia/2;

// preview[view:south, tilt:top diagonal]
baseSize = [xSize, ySize, zSize];

include <MCAD/boxes.scad>

module textExtrude() {
  color(myColor)
    linear_extrude(height = textHeight)
    text(myText, halign = "center", valign = "center", size = textSize, font = myFont);
}

module base() {
  roundedBox(baseSize, radius = 3, sidesonly = 1, $fn = 36);
  //cube(baseSize, center = true);
}

module holes() {
  translate([-xSize/2+holeDia, ySize/2-holeDia, 0])
  //translate([-xSize/2+holeDia, ySize/2, 0])
    cylinder(r = holeRad, h = 2*zSize, $fn = 36, center = true);
  translate([xSize/2-holeDia, ySize/2-holeDia, 0])
  //translate([xSize/2-holeDia, ySize/2, 0])
    cylinder(r = holeRad, h = 2*zSize, $fn = 36, center = true);
}

module makeTag() {
  difference () {
    union() {
      base();
      //translate([0, -ySize/5 , zSize/2]) textExtrude();
      translate([0, -3, 1.5]) textExtrude();
    }
    holes();
  }

}

makeTag();
//base();
//holes();
//textExtrude();

```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a picavet, which is a simple structure used in kite aerial photography. It should have a central body made from two intersecting rectangular prisms, and four attachment points for the line. I'd like the design to be parametric so I can adjust the size and dimensions.

Here's what I'm thinking:

**Core Structure:**

*   The core should be formed by two rectangular prisms (cubes). They will have a *thickness* and *width* (which I'll call *diameter* since they cross). One cube will be aligned with the x-axis and the other with the y-axis, so they create a cross when viewed from above. They should both be centered at the origin.
*   I want to be able to define the *diameter* and *thickness* as parameters.
*   I'd also like to have a central hole, which will be another parameter *bolt*, passing through the center of the assembly.

**Attachment Points (Hooks):**

*   There should be four attachment points. These will be small cylinders.
*   They should be located at a consistent distance from the center of the structure, which is *diameter/2* - *thickness/2*. The distance should be from the center of the attachment point and the center of the entire picavet.
*   The cylinders should be oriented vertically (along the z-axis) and have a diameter of *thickness/2* and a height of *thickness* * 2.
*   I want the cylinders' *height* and *diameter* to be based on the core *thickness*, so they'll scale as needed.

**Text:**

*   Include text on one face "PICAVET"
*   Include some text on another face "www.mechanicape.nl"
*   The text should be printed or extruded, not just rendered.
*   I want to have parameters for text size.

**Overall Structure:**

*   The whole structure should be a solid block, but I want to have the cylinder removed from the core to make a hole and I want all of it rotated by 45 degrees around the z-axis.

**Parameters:**

*   `diameter`: overall width/length of the picavet.
*   `thickness`: thickness of the main intersecting beams.
*   `bolt`: diameter of the central hole.
*   `textsize1`: font size of "PICAVET"
*   `textsize2`: font size of "www.mechanicape.nl"

I think that covers everything. Please create the .scad files necessary to produce this design. I don't want to use any specific libraries for this project.

[Assistant]
picavet.scad:
```
diameter=140;
thickness=8;
bolt=6;
picavet_all();

module picavet()
{
    color([0,1,0]);
    color([0,1,0]) cube([diameter,thickness,thickness],center=true);
    rotate([0,0,90]) color([0,1,0]) cube([diameter,thickness,thickness],center=true);
    color([0,0,1]) cylinder(d=thickness*2+bolt,h=thickness,center=true);

   translate([-0.42*diameter,-3,thickness/2]) text("PICAVET",size=6,center=true);
    translate([12,-2,thickness/2]) text("www.mechanicape.nl",size=4,center=true);

}

module haakje()
{
    color([1,0,0]) cylinder(d=thickness/2,h=thickness*2,center=true);
}

module haakjes_all()
{
    distance_haakje_center=diameter/2-thickness/2;
    translate([1* distance_haakje_center,0,0]) haakje();
    translate([-1* distance_haakje_center,0,0]) haakje();
    translate([0,1* distance_haakje_center,0]) haakje();
    translate([0,-1* distance_haakje_center,0]) haakje();
}

module picavet_all()
{
    difference()
    {
        rotate([0,0,45]) picavet();
        rotate([0,0,45]) haakjes_all();
        cylinder(d=bolt+1,h=thickness+2,center=true);
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to create some spiral designs similar to those turtle graphics examples I showed you. I've got an idea for how to do this, but I need some help turning it into an OpenSCAD design. I want the design to be parametric, so I can change various aspects of the spiral.

Basically, I'm thinking of a turtle that moves forward a certain length, then turns a specific angle, and then repeats this process, gradually decreasing the length of its movement on each step. This will create a spiral. I need the code to define a few key parameters:

*   `height`: The height of the extruded 2D spiral.
*   `beginning_length`: The initial length of the turtle's forward movement.
*   `decreasing_step`: How much the length of the turtle's movement decreases each step.
*   `angle`: The angle in degrees the turtle turns after moving forward.
*  `ending_length`: The minimum length for the turtle to continue moving.
*   `line_width`: The thickness of the line that the turtle draws as it moves.

I'd like the code to create a 2D spiral using a `line` module that takes two points and a width, as well as a `polyline` module that takes a list of points and also line width, and draws the spiral based on the above parameters, and then finally extrude the resulting 2D shape by the specified `height`. The line ends should have round caps.

I also want to define some turtle graphics functions so they can be used in the spiral function, such as `turtle`, `forward`, `set_point`, `set_angle`, and `turn`.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that implements all of this? It'd be awesome if the code is clean and easy to understand and includes comments!

[Assistant]
turtle_spiral.scad:
```
height = 5;
beginning_length = 100;
decreasing_step = 0.5;
angle = 89;
ending_length = 5;
line_width = 1;

//////////////
// 2D Drawing
//

// Draws a line between the points.
//
// Parameters:
//     point1 - the start point [x1, y1] of the line.
//     point2 - the end point [x2, y2] of the line.
//     width  - the line width.
//     cap_round - ends the line with round decorations that has a radius equal to half of the width of the line.
module line(point1, point2, width = 1, cap_round = true) {
    angle = 90 - atan((point2[1] - point1[1]) / (point2[0] - point1[0]));
    offset_x = 0.5 * width * cos(angle);
    offset_y = 0.5 * width * sin(angle);

    offset1 = [-offset_x, offset_y];
    offset2 = [offset_x, -offset_y];

    if(cap_round) {
        translate(point1) circle(d = width, $fn = 24);
        translate(point2) circle(d = width, $fn = 24);
    }

    polygon(points=[
        point1 + offset1, point2 + offset1,
        point2 + offset2, point1 + offset2
    ]);
}

// Creates a polyline, defined by the vector of the segment points.
//
// Parameters:
//     points - the coordinates of the polyline segments.
//     width  - the line width.
module polyline(points, width = 1, index = 0) {
    if(index < len(points)) {
        if(index == 0) {
            polyline(points, width, index + 1);
        } else {
            line(points[index - 1], points[index], width);
            polyline(points, width, index + 1);
        }
    }
}

///////////////////
// Turtle Graphics
//

// Creates a vector containing the current point [x, y] and the angle of the turtle.
// Parameters:
//     x - the x coordinate of the turtle.
//     y - the y coordinate of the turtle.
//     angle - the angle of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
function turtle(x, y, angle) = [[x, y], angle];

// Moves the turtle forward the specified distanc
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector after forwarding
function forward(turtle, length) =
    turtle(
        turtle[0][0] + length * cos(turtle[1]),
        turtle[0][1] + length * sin(turtle[1]),
        turtle[1]
    );

// Returns a new turtle vector with the given point.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     point - the new point of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function set_point(turtle, point) = [point, turtle[1]];

// Returns a new turtle vector with the given angle.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     angle - the angle of the turtle.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function set_angle(turtle, angle) = [turtle[0], angle];

// Turns the turtle the specified number of degrees.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     angle - number of degrees.
// Return:
//     the new turtle vector
function turn(turtle, angle) = [turtle[0], turtle[1] + angle];

// Moves the turtle spirally. The turtle forwards the 'length' distance, turns 'angle' degrees, minus the length with 'step' and then continue next  spiral until the 'min_length' is reached.
// Parameters:
//     turtle - the turtle vector [[x, y], angle].
//     length - the beginning length.
//     decreasing_step - the next length will be minus with the decreasing_step.
//     angle - the turned degrees after forwarding.
//     ending_length - the minimum length of the spiral.
module spiral(turtle, length, decreasing_step, angle, ending_length = 10, line_width = 1) {
    if(length > ending_length) {
        turtle_after_forwarded = forward(turtle, length);
        line(turtle[0], turtle_after_forwarded[0], line_width);
        turtle_after_turned = turn(turtle_after_forwarded, angle);
        spiral(turtle_after_turned, length - decreasing_step, decreasing_step, angle, ending_length, line_width);
    }
}

linear_extrude(height)
    spiral(turtle(0, 0, 0), beginning_length, decreasing_step, angle, ending_length, line_width);

```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD model for a clamp that will attach to an OpenBeam profile (specifically 2020, but it should be easily adjustable for other sizes). The primary purpose of this clamp is to hold a cylindrical object, like a geared extruder, but I'd like to be able to adjust the cylinder's radius.

Here's a breakdown of the requirements:

*   **OpenBeam Attachment:** The clamp should mount to the side of a standard OpenBeam profile. The default should be 2020 (20mm x 20mm), but this should be a parameter so I can use it with 1515 or other profiles if needed. It should use M3 hardware to attach to the beam. I'd like the option to adjust the depth of the channel that keys into the open beam for different beam designs.
*   **Cylinder Clamp:** The clamp should securely hold a cylindrical object. The radius of the cylinder being held should be adjustable via a parameter. Also I want to be able to adjust the clamp thickness.
*   **Clamping Mechanism:** The clamp should have two opposing clamp points, secured with M3 bolts and nuts, similar to a hose clamp. This will allow for a tight grip on the cylinder. I'd like the option to use M3 cap head screws on one side, and M3 nuts on the other side at the clamp point. I will also need a way to attach the clamp to the side of the open beam using a second set of M3 bolts.
*   **Parametric Design:** All critical dimensions (OpenBeam width, cylinder radius, clamp thickness, M3 screw and nut sizes) must be parametric and adjustable at the top of the file. I expect to be using standard metric hardware and will need to define the hardware sizes.
*   **Flush Mounting:** The M3 screw heads should sit flush with the surface of the clamp for clean mounting.
*   **Easy Printing:** The design should be optimized for 3D printing and should print without supports. That is, the bottom should be flat.
*   **Configuration:** I'd like to be able to define the M3 bolt and nut sizes, as well as a small "extra radius" value that I can adjust if holes are too tight from printing. I need to ensure that the nuts and bolts have sufficient clearance for printing and assembly.
*   **Libraries:** I'm not sure if it would be required, but I don't mind if you use the BOSL2 library for things like screw holes and nut traps if it makes things easier. I don't want to use any other libraries that are not already a part of my OpenSCAD install (including MCAD).

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files for this project?

[Assistant]
Parametric_Extruder_Clamp.scad:
```
// Based on extruder mount that came with my HKBay Kossel 2020
//include <configuration.scad>;
// appended

// Z-Height of Clamping surface
ClampHeight=15;

// Radius or cylindrical element to clamp to the open beam
GearBoxRadius=18.15;

// Thickness of Clamp - keep this above 2.5 for best results
ClampThickness=2.5;

// OpenBeam Profile, 2020, 1515, etc.
ExtrudedBeamWidth=20;

// Height of M3 Hardware used to attach to beam
M3HeadHeight=3.1;

// $fn - Segments per cylinder
MainCylinderFn=64;

// Stuff you don't set
ClampRadius=GearBoxRadius+ClampThickness;

//ExtrudedBeamChannelWidth=5.85;
//ExtrudedBeamChannelDepth=1.5;

module extruderClamp() {
    difference() {
    union() {
        //hull() {
        //main cylinder
        color( "blue", 1) cylinder(h=ClampHeight, r=ClampRadius, $fn=MainCylinderFn);
        //mount to extrusion - modified to keep bottom flat for print
        hull() {
        translate([-ClampRadius-ClampThickness,-(ExtrudedBeamWidth/2),0])
            cube([(2*ClampThickness),ExtrudedBeamWidth,ClampHeight]);
        translate([-ClampRadius-(2*ClampThickness),-(ExtrudedBeamWidth/2),0])
            cube([ClampThickness,ExtrudedBeamWidth,1.5*ClampHeight]);
     //clamp mount hole reinforcement top
     translate([-ClampRadius-ClampThickness,0,1.5*ClampHeight-m3_nut_radius])
     rotate([0,90,0])
     cylinder(h=(2*ClampThickness), r=m3_nut_radius, $fn=MainCylinderFn);

     };//hull
     /*
     // Channel filler
     // ExtrudedBeamChannelWidth ExtrudedBeamChannelDepth
     translate([-ClampRadius-(2*ClampThickness)-ExtrudedBeamChannelDepth,-ExtrudedBeamChannelWidth/2,0])
            cube([ExtrudedBeamChannelDepth,ExtrudedBeamChannelWidth,1.5*ClampHeight]);
     */
        // Side bump outs for the main Clamping screws
        hull() {
        translate([-ClampThickness,ClampRadius,0])
            cube([(2*ClampThickness),(2*ClampThickness),ClampHeight]);
        translate([0,ClampRadius-(ClampThickness/2),0])
            cylinder(h=ClampHeight, r=(2.25*ClampThickness), $fn=MainCylinderFn);
        };//hull
        hull(){
        translate([-ClampThickness,-ClampRadius-(2*ClampThickness),0])
            cube([(2*ClampThickness),(2*ClampThickness),ClampHeight]);
        translate([0,-ClampRadius+(ClampThickness/2),0])
            cylinder(h=ClampHeight, r=(2.25*ClampThickness), $fn=MainCylinderFn);
       };//hull

     }//union clamp body

     // Top - M3 Screw hole Head Height recess for flush fitting
     translate([-(.98*GearBoxRadius+M3HeadHeight),0,1.35*ClampHeight-m3_nut_radius])
     rotate([0,90,0])
     # cylinder(h=M3HeadHeight, r=m3_nut_radius, $fn=MainCylinderFn);

    // Top - M3 Screw hole
    translate([-ClampRadius-(3*ClampThickness),0,1.35*ClampHeight-m3_nut_radius])
     rotate([0,90,0])
     # cylinder(h=6*ClampThickness, r=1.7, $fn=12);

     // Bottom - M3 Screw hole Head Height recess for flush fitting
     translate([-(.98*GearBoxRadius+M3HeadHeight),0,.55*ClampHeight-m3_nut_radius])
     rotate([0,90,0])
     # cylinder(h=M3HeadHeight, r=m3_nut_radius, $fn=MainCylinderFn);

    // Bottom - M3 Screw hole
    translate([-ClampRadius-(3*ClampThickness),0,.55*ClampHeight-m3_nut_radius])
     rotate([0,90,0])
     # cylinder(h=6*ClampThickness, r=1.7, $fn=12);

//main cylinder - cut out
   cylinder(h=ClampHeight, r=GearBoxRadius, $fn=MainCylinderFn);
 //main cylinder - Bisecting Cut
    translate([-0.5,-1.5*ClampRadius,0])
    # cube([1,3*ClampRadius,ClampHeight]);

    //clamp hex cap screw recess left, ref. extrusion mount at back
    translate([1.5*ClampThickness,-ClampRadius-ClampThickness/2,ClampHeight/2])
    rotate([0,90,0])
      cylinder(h=4*ClampThickness, r=m3_nut_radius, $fn=MainCylinderFn);
    //clamp nut left, ref. extrusion mount at back
    translate([-1.5*ClampThickness,-ClampRadius-ClampThickness/2,ClampHeight/2])
    rotate([180,90,0])
      cylinder(h=4*ClampThickness, r=m3_nut_radius, $fn=6);

    // M3 Screw hole - left
    translate([-3*ClampThickness*ClampThickness,-ClampRadius-ClampThickness/2,ClampHeight/2])
    rotate([0,90,0])
    # cylinder(h=6*ClampThickness*ClampThickness, r=1.7, $fn=12);

    //clamp hex cap screw recess right, ref. extrusion mount at back
    translate([1.5*ClampThickness,ClampRadius+ClampThickness/2,ClampHeight/2])
    rotate([0,90,0])
      cylinder(h=4*ClampThickness, r=m3_nut_radius, $fn=MainCylinderFn);
    //clamp nut right, ref. extrusion mount at back
    translate([-1.5*ClampThickness,ClampRadius+ClampThickness/2,ClampHeight/2])
    rotate([180,90,0])
      cylinder(h=4*ClampThickness, r=m3_nut_radius, $fn=6);

    // M3 Screw hole - right
    translate([-3*ClampThickness*ClampThickness,ClampRadius+ClampThickness/2,ClampHeight/2])
    rotate([0,90,0])
      # cylinder(h=6*ClampThickness*ClampThickness, r=1.7, $fn=12);
    }

}

extruderClamp();

//Begin <configuration.scad>
// Increase this if your slicer or printer make holes too tight.
extra_radius = 0.1;

// OD = outside diameter, corner to corner.
m3_nut_od = 6.1;
m3_nut_radius = m3_nut_od/2 + 0.2 + extra_radius;
m3_washer_radius = 3.5 + extra_radius;

// Major diameter of metric 3mm thread.
m3_major = 2.85;
m3_radius = m3_major/2 + extra_radius;
m3_wide_radius = m3_major/2 + extra_radius + 0.2;

// NEMA17 stepper motors.
motor_shaft_diameter = 5;
motor_shaft_radius = motor_shaft_diameter/2 + extra_radius;

// Frame brackets. M3x8mm screws work best with 3.6 mm brackets.
thickness = 3.6;

// OpenBeam or Misumi. Currently only 15x15 mm, but there is a plan
// to make models more parametric and allow 20x20 mm in the future.
extrusion = 20;

// Placement for the NEMA17 stepper motors.
motor_offset = 44;
motor_length = 47;

```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable Christmas tree ornament, kind of like a model kit that you punch out from a flat sheet and then assemble. It should be parametric so I can easily adjust things like height and thickness.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm envisioning:

**Overall Structure:**

*   The tree is made of flat, interlocking pieces cut from a single sheet.
*   It consists of a bottom trunk piece, a top trunk piece, and several branch pieces.
*   There should also be an optional frame around the pieces so they can be punched out, kind of like those old plastic model kits.
*   The tree should be assembled by inserting slots from the branches into the trunk slots.

**Customization Options (Parameters):**

*   `height`: The overall height of the tree's trunk. This will be a base measurement that affects the other dimensions. I'd like to have a range between, say, 40 and 220, with steps of 5.
*   `thickness`: The thickness of all the tree pieces (trunks and branches). I think a good range would be 1 to 2.6, with steps of 0.3.
*   `slop`: The amount of extra space built into the slots to make assembly easier. Should be small, perhaps a range of 0 to 0.5, steps of 0.1.
*    `tab_radius`: The radius of the frame's connecting tissue and frame tabs. Perhaps a range of 0.8 to 3, steps of 0.2.
*   `decoration`: This should be a choice between "Star", "Hanger", or "None". If "Star" is selected, a star should be generated at the top of the tree. If "Hanger" is chosen, a hanger should be added instead.
*    `print_card`: Whether or not the frame with the cutouts should be generated or not ("Yes" or "No").
*   `starpoints`: (only applies when `decoration` is "Star"): The number of points on the star. Range between 4 and 12.
*   `verticespoints`: The base number of vertices for branch polygons (before randomization). Range between 4 and 10.
* `randomize`:  A simple "Yes" or "No" choice whether to add some random variance to the branch polygon shapes

**Specific Part Details:**

*   **Trunks:** The bottom and top trunks should each have a slot for branches. They are essentially flat pieces with angled top and bottom edges with slots cut in them.
*   **Branches:** The branches will attach to the trunks and should vary in size and number of vertices. They should look roughly triangular or like a stretched polygon and have slots for attaching to the trunk.
*   **Frame:** This should be an outer frame that the trunk and branch pieces fit into. It should have tabs for attaching the parts to the frame. The frame should have connecting tissue so the pieces are still attached before punchout.
*  **Star/Hanger:** The Star or Hanger will have a simple shape.

**Libraries:**

I think the design of the frame and tabs should use the `rotate_extrude2` from the example file, but other than that, I don't need to rely on any external libraries, just whatever's built into OpenSCAD.

I know it's a lot, but I think it would be a really neat project to have a customizable punch-out Christmas tree ornament. Please let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
christmas_tree.scad:
```
/*
 * Christmas Tree Generator
 * By Craig Wood
 *
 * Copyright 2019 Craig Wood - http://github.com/w3ace
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in thehope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * See <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 */

// CUSTOMIZER Parameters Height is the base of all scaling for the model,
// it refers to the overall height of the trunks

height=70; // [40:5:220]

// Thickness is the model thickness that will be used for all of the
// Trunks and Branches.

thickness=1.5; // [1:0.3:2.6] // 0.3mm layer height

// This refers to the excess space built into the slots, less slop
// will make the model tighter, slop is added to model thickness

slop=0.2; // [0:0.1:0.5]  // Mammooth foot

// tab_radius is the radius of the frame and the connective tissue

tab_radius=1; // [0.8:0.2:3]

// decoration describes the top of the tree

decoration = "Hanger"; // [Star,Hanger,None]

// Don't print the card

print_card="No"; // [Yes,No]
// Star points

starpoints = 4; // [4:12]

// Vertices points

verticespoints = 6; // [4:10]

// Randomize tree

randomize="No"; // [Yes,No]

if(decoration == "Star") {
	star(points=starpoints,outer=5*height*.02,inner=2*height*.02,thickness=thickness);
} else {
	if (decoration == "Hanger")
	{
		hanger(thickness=thickness,height=height);
	}
}

//		hanger(thickness=thickness,);

bottom_trunk(height=height, thickness=thickness, slop=slop);
top_trunk(height=height, thickness=thickness, slop=slop);

branch(height=height*.90, slot=height/3, vertices=verticespoints + 2, x=height*1.3, y=height*.8, thickness=thickness, slop=slop);
branch(height=height*.75, slot=height/3*.75, vertices=verticespoints + 2, x=height*1.15, y=height*1.6, thickness=thickness, slop=slop);
branch(height=height*.6, slot=height/3*.6,  vertices=verticespoints + 1, x=height*1.1, y=height*2.3, thickness=thickness, slop=slop);
branch(height=height*.4, slot=height/3*.4, vertices=verticespoints + 1, x=height*.6, y=height*2.05, thickness=thickness, slop=slop);
branch(height=height*.3, slot=height/3*.32, vertices=verticespoints, x=height*.55, y=height*1.55, thickness=thickness, slop=slop);

if (print_card == "Yes") {
	frame(height=height,tab_radius=tab_radius);
}

// Variance for the branch polygons

function variance (height) = rands(-height,height,1)[0]/10;

module hanger(thickness,height)
{
	color ("Darkgreen")
		translate([height*1.6,height*1.47,0])
			union() {
				rotate_extrude(convexity = 10, $fn = 25)
					translate([height*.02, 0, 0])
						square([height*0.02,thickness]);
				translate([-height*.02,height*0.025,0])
					linear_extrude(height=thickness)
						square([height*0.04,height*0.14]);
			}
}

// points = number of points (minimum 3)
// outer  = radius to outer points
// inner  = radius to inner points
module star(points, outer, inner, thickness=2)
{

	// polar to cartesian: radius/angle to x/y
	function x(r, a) = r * cos(a);
	function y(r, a) = r * sin(a);

	// angular width of each pie slice of the star
	increment = 360/points;

	color ("Gold")
	translate([height*1.6,height*1.5,0])
	rotate([0,0,270])
	linear_extrude(height=thickness)

	union()
	{
		for (p = [0 : points-1])
		{

			// outer is outer point p
			// inner is inner point following p
			// next is next outer point following p

				x_outer = x(outer, increment * p);
					y_outer = y(outer, increment * p);
					x_inner = x(inner, (increment * p) + (increment/2));
					y_inner = y(inner, (increment * p) + (increment/2));
					x_next  = x(outer, increment * (p+1));
					y_next  = y(outer, increment * (p+1));
				polygon (points = [[x_outer, y_outer], [x_inner, y_inner], [x_next, y_next],[0, 0]], convexity=1); //, paths  = [[0, 1, 2, 3]]);
		}
	}
}

// older versions of OpenSCAD do not support "angle" parameter for rotate_extrude
// this module provides that capability even when using older versions (such as thingiverse customizer)
//API from thehans : http://forum.openscad.org/rotate-extrude-angle-always-360-tp19035p19040.html
module rotate_extrude2(angle=360, convexity=20, size=1000) {

  module angle_cut(angle=90,size=1000) {
    x = size*cos(angle/2);
    y = size*sin(angle/2);
    translate([0,0,-size])
      linear_extrude(2*size) polygon([[0,0],[x,y],[x,size],[-size,size],[-size,-size],[x,-size],[x,-y]]);
  }

  // support for angle parameter in rotate_extrude was added after release 2015.03
  // Thingiverse customizer is still on 2015.03
  angleSupport = (version_num() > 20150399) ? true : false; // Next openscad releases after 2015.03.xx will have support angle parameter
  // Using angle parameter when possible provides huge speed boost, avoids a difference operation

  if (angleSupport) {
    rotate_extrude(angle=angle,convexity=convexity)
      children();
  } else {
    rotate([0,0,angle/2]) difference() {
      rotate_extrude(convexity=convexity) children();
      angle_cut(angle, size);
    }
  }
}

module frame_tab (x=0,y=0,rx=0,rz=0,length=0,style=0)
{
	translate([x,y,0])
		rotate([rx,0,rz])
		union () {
			cylinder(r=tab_radius,3.5);
			cylinder(r=tab_radius/2,length);
		}
}

module inner_tab (x=0,y=0,rx=0,rz=0,length=0,style=0)
{
	translate([x,y,0])
		rotate([rx,0,rz])
			cylinder(r=tab_radius/2,length);
}

// Create Outside Frame

module frame (height=66,tab_radius=1.4)
{

	width_multiplier = 1.2;
	height_multiplier = 2;
	arc_distance = height/5;

	$fn=25;

	difference()
	{
		color("Goldenrod")
		union()
		{

			translate([height/4,height/4+arc_distance,0])
				rotate([270,90,0])
					cylinder(r=tab_radius,h=height*height_multiplier);
			translate([height/4+arc_distance,height/4,0])
				rotate([0,90,0])
					cylinder(r=tab_radius,h=height*width_multiplier);
			translate([height/4+height*width_multiplier+arc_distance*2,height/4+arc_distance,0])
				rotate([270,90,0])
					cylinder(r=tab_radius,h=height*height_multiplier);
			translate([height/4+arc_distance,height/4+height*height_multiplier+arc_distance*2,0])
				rotate([0,90,0])
					cylinder(r=tab_radius,h=height*width_multiplier);

			translate([height/4+arc_distance,height/4+arc_distance,0])
			rotate ([0,0,180])
					rotate_extrude2(angle=90,convexity=10,size=arc_distance*2)
		   			translate([arc_distance, 0,0])
		   					circle(tab_radius);

			translate([height/4+arc_distance+height*width_multiplier,height/4+arc_distance,0])
				rotate ([0,0,270])
					rotate_extrude2(angle=90,convexity=10,size=arc_distance*2)
		   			translate([arc_distance, 0,0])
		   					circle(tab_radius);

			translate([height/4+arc_distance+height*width_multiplier,height/4+height*height_multiplier+arc_distance,0])
					rotate_extrude2(angle=90,convexity=10,size=arc_distance*2)
		   			translate([arc_distance, 0,0])
		   					circle(tab_radius);

			translate([height/4+arc_distance,height/4+height*height_multiplier+arc_distance,0])
				rotate ([0,0,90])
					rotate_extrude2(angle=90,convexity=10,size=arc_distance*2)
		   			translate([arc_distance, 0,0])
		   					circle(tab_radius);

		  		tab_base_x = height/4;
		  		tab_base_y = height/4;
		  		tab_top_x = height/4+arc_distance*2+height*width_multiplier;
		  		tab_top_y = height/4+arc_distance*2+height*height_multiplier;

				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.22,y=tab_base_y,rx=270,rz=0,length=height*.15);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.4,y=tab_base_y,rx=270,rz=0,length=height*.15);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.9,y=tab_base_y,rx=270,rz=0,length=height*.4);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*1.2,y=tab_base_y,rx=270,rz=0,length=height*.4);

			//	 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.27,y=tab_top_y,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.5);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.4,y=tab_top_y,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.5);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.75,y=tab_top_y,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.25);
			//	 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.95,y=tab_top_y,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.25);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*1.27,y=tab_top_y,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.25);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*1.42,y=tab_top_y,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.25);

				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x,y=tab_base_y+height*.6,rx=90,rz=90,length=height*.25);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x,y=tab_base_y+height*1.27,rx=90,rz=90,length=height*.2);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_base_x,y=tab_base_y+height*1.8,rx=90,rz=90,length=height*.25);

				 	frame_tab(x=tab_top_x,y=tab_base_y+height*1.6,rx=90,rz=270,length=height*.25);
				 	frame_tab(x=tab_top_x,y=tab_base_y+height*.6,rx=90,rz=270,length=height*.35);

				 	inner_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.25,y=tab_base_y+height*.5,rx=90,rz=90,length=height*.55);
				 	inner_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.37,y=tab_base_y+height*1.35,rx=90,rz=90,length=height*.3);
				 	inner_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*1.05,y=tab_base_y+height*1.45,rx=90,rz=90,length=height*.3);
				 	inner_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*1,y=tab_base_y+height*2.1,rx=90,rz=90,length=height*.3);

				 	inner_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.92,y=tab_base_y+height*1.15,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.45);
				 	inner_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.8,y=tab_base_y+height*1.9,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.4);
				 	inner_tab(x=tab_base_x+height*.3,y=tab_base_y+height*1.7,rx=90,rz=0,length=height*.3);

		}

		translate([0,0,-tab_radius])
			cube([height/4+arc_distance+height*width_multiplier+arc_distance*2+tab_radius*2,
						height/4+height*height_multiplier+arc_distance+arc_distance*2+tab_radius*2,tab_radius]);

	}
}

// Make trunk pieces

module bottom_trunk (height=66, thickness=2, slop=.4)
{
	x = height/2.5;
	y = height/2.5;

  color("Darkgreen")
	difference()
	{
		linear_extrude (height=thickness)
		{
			polygon(points=[
				[x,y],
				[x+height/3,y],
				[x+height/6,y+height]
			]);
		}
		translate([x+height/6,y+height*3/4,thickness/2])
			cube([thickness+slop/2+.2,height/2,thickness+.4],true);
	}
}
	// Trunk with Bottom Slot

module top_trunk (height=66, thickness=2,slop=.4)
{

	x = height*1.6;
	y = height*1.5;

  color("Darkgreen")
	difference()
	{
		linear_extrude (height=thickness)
		{
			polygon(points=[
				[x,y],
				[x-height/6,y+height],
				[x+height/6,y+height]
			]);
		}
		translate([x,y+height*3/4,thickness/2])
			cube([thickness+slop,height/2+slop/2,thickness+.4],true);
	}
}

// Module to create a horizontal branch

module branch (height=80, slot=75, vertices=7, x=0, y=0, thickness=2,slop=.4)
{
    p = (randomize == "Yes") ? rands(vertices,vertices+4,1)[0] : vertices;

	// Put branch in proper location
	translate ([x,y,0])
	{
  		color("Darkgreen")
		difference()
		{
			// Random number of branches
			for(i=[360/p:375/p:390])
			{
				// Save the pt
				xpt = (height/3)+variance(height/4);
				ypt = (height/3)+variance(height/4);
				rotate([0,0,i])
					difference()
					{
						linear_extrude (height=thickness)
							polygon(points=[
							 	[-(height/5)+variance(height/1.5),(height/5)+variance(height/1.5)],
								[(height/5)+variance(height/1.5),-(height/5)+variance(height/1.5)],
							 	[xpt,ypt]
							]);

						// Clip the corners of the Triangle if the get too divergent... no idea why I need this rotate.
						rotate([0,0,315])
							union()
								{
									translate([-height/2.8,height/8.5,thickness/2])
										cube([height/3,height/2.5,thickness+.4],true);
									translate([height/2.8,height/8.5,thickness/2])
										cube([height/3,height/2.5,thickness+.4],true);
								}
					}
			}

			// Trunk Slot
			rotate ([0,0,rands(1,90,1)[0]])
			translate([0,0,thickness/2])
			union ()
			{
				cube([thickness+slop,slot,thickness+.4],true);
				rotate([0,0,90])
					cube([thickness+slop,slot,thickness+.4],true);
			}
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
I need a custom pill box designed in OpenSCAD. I've been using a temporary one I made, but it's not ideal, and I'd like to create something parametric that I can adjust.

Here's what I'm thinking:

The box should have a grid of compartments, and each row of compartments should be covered by a single sliding lid. I need to be able to control the following:

*   **Overall Dimensions:** The number of compartments along the length and width (which I'll call `xcells` and `ycells` respectively), as well as the internal dimensions of each compartment (`cellx` and `celly`) and the height of each compartment (`height`).
*   **Fillets:** I would like a rounded fillet in the corners of each compartment, defined by a radius (`filletr`). This will make it easier to get pills out.
*   **Wall Thickness:** I need to be able to control the thickness of the walls between the compartments, as well as the thickness of the base of the container (`wall`).
*   **Lid Thickness:** I also need to control how thick the sliding lids are (`lidthick`), this should be independent of wall thickness.
*   **Lid Slop:** There needs to be some tolerance built in so that the lids can slide easily. I want a parameter (`slop`) to control this.

The box should have a solid base. The lids should not cover the entire height of the compartment, but instead slide in a slot at a height that is some distance below the top. The distance from the top of the compartments to the slot should be adjustable so that the lid doesn't protrude from the box.

The final design should also generate two distinct parts: the main container and the sliding lids.

I am looking for this to be designed as a parametric design, so that if I adjust the parameters, I can regenerate the container and lids easily. I'd like to be able to render either the container, the lids, or both. I don't have any specific libraries in mind - use what you think is best.

[Assistant]
DividedBox-Customizer.scad:
```
// Quality.  Set it too high, and the Customizer may fail.
$fn=32;

// what to print
object = 1; // [1:Container, 2:Lid]

// increase if lids won't slide through, decrease if they are too loose
slop = 0.25;

// inside of each compartment on x axis
cellx = 22;
// inside of each compartment on y axis
celly = 22;
// inside of the compartment (actual inside may be slightly shorter...)
height = 22;

// how many cells along a lid row
xcells = 7;
// how many rows
ycells = 4;

// radius of internal fillet, so that items can be dug out without catching in the corners
filletr = 6;
// thickness of walls (and floor)
wall = 2;
// thickness of the lids (generally the same as wall, but your choice)
lidthick = 2;

module EndOfPublicParams() {}

totalx = wall + xcells*(cellx+wall);
totaly = wall + ycells*(celly+wall);

module RoundBox(x,y,z,r) {
    hull() {
        translate([r,r,r]) sphere(r);
        translate([x-r,r,r]) sphere(r);
        translate([r,y-r,r]) sphere(r);
        translate([x-r,y-r,r]) sphere(r);
        translate([r,r,z-r]) sphere(r);
        translate([x-r,r,z-r]) sphere(r);
        translate([r,y-r,z-r]) sphere(r);
        translate([x-r,y-r,z-r]) sphere(r);
    }
}

module Cell() {
    RoundBox(cellx,celly,2*height,filletr);
}

module Lid(extra=0) {
    thick = lidthick+extra;
    hull() {
        translate([-extra,wall-extra,0])
        cube([totalx+2*extra,celly+2*extra,0.05+extra]);

        translate([-extra,wall-extra+thick,thick])
        cube([totalx+2*extra,celly+2*extra-2*thick,0.05+extra]);
    }
}

module Container() {
    difference() {
        // main block
        RoundBox(totalx,totaly,height+lidthick,1);

        // pockets
        translate([wall,wall,wall])
        for(y=[0:ycells-1]) {
            translate([0,y*(celly+wall),0])
            for(x=[0:xcells-1]) {
                translate([x*(cellx+wall),0,0])
                Cell();
            }
        }

        // slots for sliding lids
        for(y=[0:ycells-1]) {
            translate([0,y*(celly+wall),height-slop/2])
            Lid(slop);
        }
    }
}

//if (test) {
//    Container();
//    translate([0,-(4*wall+celly),0]) Lid(); // printing
//    %translate([0,0,height+0.2]) Lid(); // visualization
//} else {
//    Container();
////    Lid();
//}

if (object == 1) { Container(); }
if (object == 2) { Lid(); }
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a headset hook that I can attach to the side of my monitor. I'd like it to have a few specific features, and I'd prefer it to be parametric so I can easily adjust it later.

The basic idea is that there's a hook that curves around to hold the headset, a vertical piece in front that sits flush against the monitor, and a horizontal piece on top that I'll use to attach it with double-sided tape.

Here's the breakdown:

**Hook:**
*   It should be a partial cylinder.
*   The hook should extend from the back, curve forward and come to a stop.
*   There should be a cutout on the inside of the curve where it will not be solid (to save material)
*   It should also have a cutout on the very top arc section
*   There should be an additional piece coming off the back of the hook (the straight part) for support, which will butt against the back of the monitor.

**Front Panel:**
*   A flat rectangular piece attached to the front of the hook and oriented perpendicular to it. This panel will make contact with the side of my monitor
*   It needs a curved top section where it connects to the hook so it looks neat.
*   I'd like to include two lines of text on this panel for motivation (or maybe just labeling). I want to be able to specify the text, the font, and the text size, obviously. The text should be right aligned on the plate.

**Top Panel:**
* A flat rectangular piece which will be parallel to front panel
*   This will be attached to the hook and will sit flush against the top edge of the monitor. This part I will use to attach the hook to the monitor using double sided scotch.

**Parameters:**
I would like to be able to adjust the following things:

*   `length`: The length of the front panel and top panel.
*   `width_top`:  The width of the top panel and thickness of the hook.
*   `height_front`: The height of the front panel.
*    `text_line1`: The string value for the first line of text.
*    `text_line2`: The string value for the second line of text.
*   `font_size`: The font size for the text.

I'm hoping you can generate the necessary OpenSCAD file(s) for this design. I'd also prefer if the code was relatively well commented, if that isn't too much to ask! I don't need anything from external libraries. Thanks in advance!

[Assistant]
monitor_hook.scad:
```
length=50;
width_top=20;
height_front=16;
text_line1="Work hard!";
text_line2="Dream big!";
font_size=5;

difference() {
translate ([0,0,-24.081]){
  rotate([0,90,0]){
      difference() {
        difference() {
          difference(){
              //THE HOOK OUTER
                cylinder(h=width_top, r=25.92, center=false);
                    // CUTOFF internal of hook
                translate([-24.081,0,-0.5]){
                    cube([50,25.92,width_top+1]);
                }
        }
        // the cutoff of hole of hook
        translate([0,-13,-0.5]){
            cylinder(h=width_top+1, r=13, center=false);
        }
        }
        //remove top arc
            translate([-40,-13*2,-0.5]){
            cube([40,13*2,width_top+1]);
        }
      }
   }
}
                //cut off top part of circle
                translate([-0.5,-0.5,1]) {
                      cube ([width_top+1,10,10]);
                      }
                  }

///front board
difference() {
union(){
    intersection(){
translate ([0,0,-height_front]){
    cube([1,length,height_front]);
}
translate ([-0.5,length-10,-height_front+10]){
    rotate([0,90,0]){
        cylinder(h=5, r=10, center=false);
    }
    }
}
//up of circle
translate ([0,0,-height_front+10]){
    cube([1,length,height_front-10]);
}
//below circle
translate ([0,0,-height_front]){
    cube([1,length-10,height_front]);
}
}
// text on the board
 rotate([90,0,0]){
 rotate([0,-90,0]){

     //text line 1
 translate ([0,0,-1.5]){
     translate([-2, -font_size-2]) {

     linear_extrude(height = 2) {
     text(text_line1, font = "Liberation Sans",size=font_size,halign="right");
 }
 }
     //text line 2
 translate([-2, -font_size*2-2*2]) {
 linear_extrude(height = 2) {
     text(text_line2, font = "Liberation Sans",size=font_size,halign="right");
 }
 }
 }
 }
}
}//---end of front board

//top board
translate ([0,0,0]){
    cube([width_top,length,1]);
}

//hook straight part
translate ([0,0,-50]){
    cube([width_top,1,50]);
}

```