[User]
Okay, I'd like to create a customizable cookie cutter design using OpenSCAD, and I've got a pretty good idea of how I want it to work. I've seen this customizer tool online that lets you draw a shape and turn it into a cookie cutter, and I'd love to recreate that functionality as a parametric OpenSCAD design.

Essentially, the core of this will be a function that takes a list of points and the paths that define a polygon. The user should be able to specify a list of 2D coordinate pairs (x,y) and then how those points should connect to create one or more outlines. A cookie cutter should then be generated based on the 2D shape formed by the outlines.

Here are the specific parameters I'd like to control:

*   **`wall_thickness`**: This should be a parameter to set the thickness of the cookie cutter walls. I'd like a way to be able to adjust it between, say, a thinner wall (around 0.8 mm) and a thicker wall (around 1.6 mm).
*   **`height`**: This parameter would set the overall height of the cookie cutter. A short cutter of about 15mm and a taller cutter of around 30mm would be a good range.
*   **`shape`**: This will be the core parameter and is a bit complex. It should be structured as a list of two lists. The first nested list will contain the x,y coordinates defining the vertices of our shape as `[x,y]`. The second list will be an array of paths, where each path specifies which vertices from the coordinate list should be connected to form a continuous shape.  For example,  `[[[-30.607849,-48.473831],[-38.714745,-48.950043],...],[ [0,1,2,3,4,...]]]`.
*  **`mirror`**:  This would be a boolean (or "Yes/No" setting) which determines whether or not to mirror the cookie cutter horizontally. This will allow for making left- and right-facing versions of the same shape, for example.

The design should have the following features:

1.  **Polygon Creation**: Based on the provided `shape`, an outline should be drawn using the 2D vertex coordinates. The `paths` list should be able to handle multiple contours and shapes.
2.  **Wall Creation**: The shape should be offset outwards by the specified `wall_thickness` to create the walls of the cutter.
3.  **Extrusion**: The shape should be extruded to the given `height` value to create the body of the cutter.
4.  **Handle Creation**: The very top edge of the cookie cutter should be outset to create a round handle.
5.  **Mirroring**: If the mirror option is enabled, the cutter should be flipped horizontally. If a shape with an invalid path (e.g. an empty shape, or no shape defined at all) is specified, the design should write some form of error message to the OpenSCAD console.

I'd like to use the `write/Write.scad` library, which it looks like is a pretty standard way of providing console messages to the user of a parametric design.

Could you please generate an OpenSCAD file that implements all of this?

[Assistant]
cookie_cutter_customizer.scad:
```
include <write/Write.scad>

// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

wall_thickness = 1.6; //[1.6:Thicker,.8:Thinner]
height = 15; //[15:Short,30:Tall]

//To start a new shape, press the 'Undo' or 'Clear' buttons below the canvas. To return to the bunny, press the 'Revert to Default' button.
shape = [[[-30.607849,-48.473831],[-38.714745,-48.950043],[-40.559818,-48.486679],[-42.201851,-47.493645],[-47.306175,-42.282654],[-50.067959,-38.508476],[-47.496841,-39.749046],[-46.892071,-39.806171],[-46.653542,-39.556297],[-49.260830,-36.213120],[-49.681732,-34.902710],[-49.585598,-33.782043],[-49.138451,-33.165283],[-48.672112,-33.207165],[-46.200596,-35.658916],[-47.279457,-33.120216],[-47.321926,-32.230251],[-46.990898,-31.375122],[-45.878410,-30.094749],[-43.224831,-28.013985],[-42.217957,-27.615326],[-41.118553,-27.667067],[-40.805717,-27.398746],[-40.440659,-25.661360],[-39.173859,-13.378041],[-37.786060,-6.545761],[-36.585690,-3.203835],[-34.921036,-0.177278],[-32.697136,2.334522],[-31.352158,3.341671],[-28.276741,4.879042],[-24.862782,5.878342],[-21.320715,6.457005],[-16.227745,6.793123],[-6.193724,6.651176],[-3.917368,6.182596],[1.149520,4.628635],[3.496422,4.354591],[5.367534,4.861082],[8.187830,6.665401],[10.588829,7.390333],[11.411912,7.954811],[11.835903,9.095350],[12.399237,12.947439],[13.889902,16.162262],[13.933737,17.683546],[13.316607,19.065596],[11.898010,21.208532],[6.859921,27.302176],[5.617778,29.462534],[5.115950,31.361303],[3.388903,42.964180],[3.273381,46.066513],[3.726890,48.114418],[4.978456,49.315399],[7.242655,49.967201],[8.609360,50.079552],[9.707384,49.859634],[11.739238,48.611275],[14.175842,46.044868],[16.663437,42.226387],[17.125431,47.022690],[17.457367,48.010414],[17.989151,48.348061],[19.181324,47.905319],[24.528868,44.299988],[25.586594,43.349907],[26.602041,41.795021],[27.508392,39.332878],[29.795576,26.542974],[30.282230,24.476656],[31.117352,22.414083],[31.720629,21.625368],[32.642006,21.057058],[35.131134,20.683912],[36.914520,20.059973],[39.043831,18.184668],[42.450657,14.071085],[46.617176,8.405781],[48.564854,5.175398],[49.817593,2.084951],[50.067959,0.425432],[49.656380,-0.983798],[48.150597,-2.837172],[45.817619,-4.786176],[42.303886,-6.914544],[36.506889,-8.046309],[35.342590,-8.523187],[34.626579,-9.248261],[34.336266,-10.490269],[34.565552,-12.031119],[35.052368,-13.404231],[37.089733,-17.042198],[37.317879,-18.115067],[37.155357,-19.071182],[35.604301,-21.320902],[33.913990,-23.043991],[33.883816,-28.314064],[33.082306,-30.108660],[31.550901,-32.176041],[30.204401,-33.504837],[26.342428,-35.397213],[25.570063,-36.226906],[25.784672,-37.377975],[26.657942,-38.691196],[35.016315,-47.244415],[36.307613,-48.865204],[36.517559,-49.673759],[35.642605,-50.079552],[30.526541,-50.070801],[27.432796,-49.786285],[24.770382,-49.194931],[21.059244,-47.649162],[13.547039,-43.090836],[12.276370,-42.541962],[10.688703,-42.258522],[3.786492,-43.914528],[2.470330,-44.603432],[2.196272,-45.124454],[2.270218,-46.117500],[3.513528,-49.225983],[3.376098,-49.617065],[2.794866,-49.836327],[-5.766325,-50.020004],[-18.879635,-49.768524],[-25.214447,-49.130280],[-29.151905,-47.714996],[-30.600498,-48.472359]],[[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127]]]; //[draw_polygon:120x120]

//Set to Yes to make the cookies look like the drawing
mirror = "Yes"; //[Yes,No]

if(mirror == "No"){
	cookie_cutter(shape);
} else {
	if(len(shape[0]) > 0) {
		scale([-1,1,1])
			cookie_cutter(shape);
	} else {
		cookie_cutter(shape);
	}
}

module grid(){

translate([-120,0])
	for(i = [0:10]){
		translate([30*i,0])
		square([5,200], center = true);
	}
rotate([0,0,90])
	translate([-120,0])
		for(i = [0:7]){
			translate([30*i,0])
			square([5,250], center = true);
		}

}

module outset(shape,path_index,dist){

		minkowski(){
			polygon(points = shape[0], paths = [shape[1][path_index]], convexity = 10);
			circle(r=dist);
		}

}

module cookie_cutter (shape){
	if(len(shape[0])>3){
		if(len(shape[1])>1){
		linear_extrude(height=wall_thickness)
			difference(){
				intersection(){
					grid();
					outset(shape,0,.5);
				}
				for(i = [1:len(shape[1])-1]){
					if(i!=0){
						outset(shape,i,1);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		for(i = [0:len(shape[1])-1]){
		translate([0,0,wall_thickness/2])
			linear_extrude(height=height)
				difference(){
					outset(shape,i,wall_thickness);
					polygon(points=shape[0], paths=[shape[1][i]]);
				}
		linear_extrude(height=wall_thickness)
			difference(){
				outset(shape,i,5);
				polygon(points=shape[0], paths=[shape[1][i]]);
			}
		}
	} else {
		write("<-- Draw A Shape");
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable rack, primarily for centrifuge tubes, but really any cylindrical tube. I have a basic OpenSCAD file that does some of this already, but it has some limitations and I'd like to make it more flexible and robust.

Here's what I want:

**Core Functionality:**

*   **Tube Shape Flexibility:** I need to support different tube cross-sections, not just cylinders.  Specifically, I need options for: Cylinder, Square, Pentagon, Hexagon, Heptagon, and Octagon.
*   **Parametric Tube Dimensions:** The rack needs to be designed around the *outer* diameter of the tube and the *outer* diameter of the tube's cap.
*   **Parametric Rack Dimensions:** I need to be able to control the overall length, width, and height of the rack.
*   **Parametric Tube Arrangement:** I need to control the number of rows and columns of tubes the rack will hold.
*   **Base:**  The rack should have a solid base of configurable thickness.
*   **Clearance:** There should be adequate clearance between tubes and between tubes and the rack edges. This clearance needs to be adjustable.

**Desired Improvements over Existing Code:**

*   **Robust Spacing Calculations:** I've had trouble with my existing code getting the spacing between tubes and the rack edge to work correctly. I'd like the code to be less prone to errors and easier to adjust.
*   **Cap Clearance:** The current code doesn't explicitly handle the cap of the tube, I want to make sure the tubes fit comfortably with the cap diameter taken into account for spacing of the holes.
*   **Center Alignment:** I would like all rows and columns to be centered within the boundaries of the rack.
*   **Clean, Well-Commented Code:** I'd appreciate clear variable names, some commenting, and use of helper functions or modules where appropriate to make the code more understandable.

**Specific Parameters I need to Control:**

*   `_shape`:  A selector for tube shape (1=Cylinder, 2=Square, 3=Pentagon, 4=Hexagon, 5=Heptagon, 6=Octagon).
*   `tube_diameter`: The outer diameter of the main part of the tube.
*   `cap_diameter`: The outer diameter of the tube's cap.
*   `base_thickness`: Thickness of the base of the rack.
*   `rack_height`: Total height of the rack (including the base).
*   `rack_length`: Length of the rack.
*   `rack_width`: Width of the rack.
*   `num_columns`: Number of tubes in a row (along rack length).
*   `num_rows`: Number of tubes deep (along rack width).
*    `clearance`: the amount of space between each tube and the tubes and the wall.

**Libraries:**
*   I would like to avoid using any libraries if possible.

Could you please generate an OpenSCAD file based on these requirements? I'm looking for a robust and easily adjustable parametric design.

[Assistant]
rack.scad:
```
//Shape of Tube
_shape = 1; //[1:Cylinder,2:Square,3:Pentagon,4:Hexagon,5:Heptagon,6:Octagon]

/*
//Type of Tube
tube_type = 1; //[1:50mL Falcon, 2:15mL Corning, 3:5mL Culture Tube, 4:Other]
*/

// Tube Diameter,
_diameter = 29;

// Cap Diameter,
cap_diameter = 34.16;

// Thickness of the base under the tubes
_base = 1;

// Height of rack, plus thickness of base
_height = 80 + _base;

// Length of rack
_length = 133;

// Width of rack
_width = 90;

// Number of tube across
_columns = 3;

// Number of tubes deep
_rows = 2;

module tube(shape, diameter, height)
{
	if(shape == 1)
	{
		cylinder(height, diameter/2, diameter/2);
	}
	if(shape == 2)
	{
		cube([diameter,diameter,height]);
	}
	if(shape == 3)
	{
		linear_extrude(height) circle(diameter/2,$fn=5);
	}
	if(shape == 4)
	{
		linear_extrude(height) circle(diameter/2,$fn=6);
	}
	if(shape == 5)
	{
		linear_extrude(height) circle(diameter/2,$fn=7);
	}
	if(shape == 6)
	{
		linear_extrude(height) circle(diameter/2,$fn=8);
	}
}

module tubeColumn(shape, diameter, height, columns, length, capDiameter)
{
	spacing = (length - (capDiameter*columns)) / (columns + 1);
	for ( x = [spacing + capDiameter/2 : capDiameter + spacing : spacing*columns + capDiameter*(columns - 1) + capDiameter/2])
	{
		translate([x,0,0])tube(shape, diameter, height);
	}
}

module tubeArray(shape, diameter, height, rows, width, columns, length, capDiameter)
{
	spacing = (width - (capDiameter*rows)) / (rows + 1);
	for ( y = [spacing + capDiameter/2 : capDiameter + spacing : spacing*rows + capDiameter*(rows - 1) + capDiameter/2])
	{
		translate([0,y,0])tubeColumn(shape, diameter, height, columns, length, capDiameter);
	}
}

module base(height, length, width)
{
	cube([length, width, height]);
}

difference()
{
	base(_height,_length,_width);
	translate([0,0,_base])tubeArray(_shape,_diameter,_height,_rows,_width,_columns,_length,cap_diameter);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable beam height standard for laser alignment. I have a basic design in mind but need a way to easily adjust the dimensions using parameters.

The standard consists of three main parts: a base, a vertical support, and a target.

**Base:**
*   It's a rectangular block that sits on the table, providing stability.
*   I need to specify its thickness and length.
*   I'd also like the option to include holes for magnets on the bottom to help with securing it to a surface. This needs to be optional. If I want magnets: I'd like to specify the diameter of the magnet hole and the thickness of the material under the magnet.

**Vertical Support:**
*   This is essentially a rectangular bar connecting the base to the target.
*   I need to set the overall height of the beam by specifying this height, as measured from the bottom of the base to the center of the target.
*   The width of this should match the width of the base to keep things simple.
*   It should have a hole down the center of it that has the same diameter as the hole in the target for alignment.

**Target:**
*   This is a circular disk with crosshairs on the front.
*   The center of the crosshairs will be my target.
*  The crosshairs should go all the way through.
*   I need to be able to specify the thickness and width (diameter) of the target.
*   I need to specify the diameter of the alignment hole through the center.
*   I need to specify the width and depth of the crosshairs.

**Parameters I need to control:**

*   `beam_height` (mm): Total height from the base to the center of the target.
*   `aperture_diameter` (mm): Diameter of the alignment hole.
*   `crosshair_width` (mm): Width of the crosshairs.
*   `crosshair_depth` (mm): Depth of the crosshairs.
*   `thick` (mm): Thickness of the target disk.
*   `width` (mm): Width/diameter of the target disk (and the base).
*   `base_thick` (mm): Thickness of the base.
*   `base_length` (mm): Length of the base.
*   `magnet_hole` (yes/no): Boolean variable, "yes" if magnet holes are desired, "no" otherwise.
*   `magnet_hole_diameter` (mm): Diameter of the magnet holes.
*   `magnet_hole_bottom` (mm): Thickness of material beneath the magnet.

**Libraries:**

*   I don't believe I need any external libraries to generate this model. All features I require can be achieved using basic OpenSCAD functions.

I'd really like a parametric OpenSCAD file that I can tweak to get the exact dimensions I need for my laser setup. Can you generate this for me?

[Assistant]
custom_beam_height_standard_v2.scad:
```
//design and code by emanresu (http://www.thingiverse.com/Emanresu)

  ////////////////
 // Parameters //
////////////////

/* [Global] */

/* [Target] */

//beam height (mm)
beam_height = 100;
//diameter of the alignment hole(mm)
aperture_diameter = 2;
//width of crosshairs (mm)
crosshair_width = 0.8;
//depth of crosshairs (mm)
crosshair_depth = 0.8;
//thickness of beam target (mm)
thick=3;
//width of beam target (mm)
width=25;

/* [Base] */

//thickness of base (mm)
base_thick = 8;
//length of base (mm)
base_length = 30;
//Magnet holders?
magnet_hole = "yes"; //[yes,no]
//what is the diameter of your magnets? (mm)
magnet_hole_diameter = 6.9;
//thickness of material under magnet (mm)
magnet_hole_bottom = 0.8;

/* [Hidden] */

//Set openSCAD resolution
$fa=1;
$fs=0.5;

  /////////////
 // Modules //
/////////////

module beam_target() {
	// body...
	difference() {
		cylinder(r=width/2, h=thick+crosshair_depth, center=true);
		cylinder(r=width/2-1, h=thick+crosshair_depth+1, center=true);
	}
	difference() {
		union() {
			cylinder(r=width/2, h=thick, center=true);
			cube(size=[crosshair_width, width, thick+crosshair_depth], center=true);
			cube(size=[width, crosshair_width, thick+crosshair_depth], center=true);
		}
		cylinder(r=aperture_diameter/2, h=thick+2, center=true);
	}
}

module beam_height_target() {
	// body...
	union() {
		translate([0, 0, beam_height-base_thick]) {
			rotate([0, 90, 0]) {
				beam_target();
			}
		}
		difference() {
			translate([0, 0, (beam_height-base_thick)/2]) {
				cube(size=[thick, width, beam_height-base_thick], center=true);
			}
			translate([0, 0, beam_height-base_thick]) {
				rotate([0, 90, 0]) {
					cylinder(r=width/2, h=thick+1, center=true);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

module base() {
	// body...
	difference() {
		cube(size=[base_length, width, base_thick], center=true);
		if (magnet_hole == "yes") {
			translate([base_length/4, 0, magnet_hole_bottom]) {
				cylinder(r=magnet_hole_diameter/2, h=base_thick, center=true);
			}
			translate([-base_length/4, 0, magnet_hole_bottom]) {
				cylinder(r=magnet_hole_diameter/2, h=base_thick, center=true);
			}
		}
	}
}

  //////////////////
 // Control Code //
//////////////////

translate([0, 0, base_thick]) {
	beam_height_target();
}
translate([0, 0, base_thick/2]) {
	base();
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to get a customizable filament spool designed in OpenSCAD. I really like the idea of a single-piece print that doesn't need any supports, kind of like the design I've seen before.

Here's what I'd like to be able to customize:

*   **Overall Spool Size:**
    *   `outside_diameter`: The total diameter of the spool itself. I'd want to be able to set this between 40mm and 280mm.
    *   `inside_diameter`: The diameter of the central part of the spool, where the filament would be wound. I need to be able to set this between 30mm and 100mm, and it should always be smaller than the `outside_diameter`.
    *   `spindle_diameter`: The diameter of the center hole that would fit on a spool holder, I'd want this to go from 4mm to 80mm. This should also be smaller than the `inside_diameter`. It should also be at least 2 wall widths smaller than the inside diameter.
    *   `width`: The total width of the spool. Let me set this from 25mm to 300mm.
    *   `wall_width`: The thickness of the walls of the spool. Allow me to set this between 1mm and 5mm.

*   **Spool Features:**
    *   `hollow`: I want to have an option to make the main body of the spool hollow to save on material. A simple boolean 0 (solid) or 1 (hollow).
    *   `remove_shapes`: I'd like to be able to cut out shapes from the sides of the spool to save even more plastic, which would be a boolean 0 (no shapes) or 1 (remove shapes).
    *   `shape`: If `remove_shapes` is enabled, I need to be able to choose from a list of shapes for the cutouts: 3 (Triangle), 4 (Square), 5 (Pentagon), 6 (Hexagon), 7 (Heptagon), 8 (Octagon), 9 (Nonagon), 10 (Decagon), 16 (Rough Circle), and 128 (Smooth Circle).

*   **Filament Details (for estimates):**
    *   `filament_diameter`: The diameter of the filament I'll be using (like 1.75mm).
    *  `filament_density`: The density of the filament for mass estimates.

*   **Display Options:**
    *   `display_estimates`:  A toggle (boolean 0/1) to show estimates for the filament length and weight that the spool can hold.
    *   `smooth`: A value that changes the $fn in the cylinders, default to 128.

I'm specifically looking for a design that:

*   Can be printed as a single piece without support.
*   Calculates and displays estimates of how much filament the spool can hold, based on the filament details.
*   Does some basic error checking to avoid designs that might be impossible to print. I noticed in the other file that it mentions making sure the diagonal walls don't go over 45 degrees which is a great idea.
*   Rotates the cutout shapes so they look better.

I also noticed this design uses the `write/Write.scad` library, so I'd need that to display the text estimates.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that meets these requirements?

[Assistant]
OnePieceSpoolV4.scad:
```
// One Piece Customizable Filament Spool (c) 2013 David Smith
// licensed under the Creative Commons - GNU GPL license.
// http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:116104

/* TODO:
Remove part of the inside_diameter tube
Improve "might not print" error message
Catch settings where hub design visably separates from the spool
*/
use <write/Write.scad>

/* [Spool] */

// Diameter of the spool (mm).
outside_diameter = 130; // [40:280]

// Diameter of the spool's middle (mm).
inside_diameter = 60; // [30:100]

// Diameter of the spindle - This should be at least 2 WALL WIDTHs smaller than the inside diameter (mm).
spindle_diameter = 16; // [4:80]

// Spool Width (mm).
width = 80;    // [25:300]

// Spool Walls Width (mm).
wall_width = 2;    // [1:5]

// Make the spool hollow (to decrease the amount of plastic needed).
hollow = 1; // [0:Solid, 1:Hollow]

// Cutout shapes from the spool (to decrease the amount of plastic needed).
remove_shapes = 0; // [0:Solid, 1:Remove Shapes]

// Shape of the hole to cutout of the spool.
shape = 3; // [ 3:Triangle, 4:Square, 5:Pentagon, 6:Hexagon, 7:Heptagon, 8:Octagon, 9:Nonagon, 10:Decagon, 16:Rough Circle, 128:Smooth Circle ]

/* [Filament] */

// Size of the filament for mass & length estimates (mm).
filament_diameter = 1.75;

// Density of the filament for mass and length estimates (grams / cm^3).
filament_density = 1.04;

// preview[view:south, tilt:top diagonal]
/* [Hidden] */
display_estimates = 1; // [0:No Estimates, 1:Display Estimates]
smooth = 128;

// Height of half of the usable area of the spool
half_spool = (width/2)-wall_width;

// Outer cones (for the filament)
outer_cone_width = min_not_less_than( (outside_diameter/2) - (inside_diameter / 2), half_spool, half_spool, (outside_diameter/2) - (inside_diameter / 2) );
outer_cone_height = outer_cone_width;

top_cone_offset = width - wall_width - outer_cone_height;
bottom_cone_offset = wall_width;

// Inner cones (for the internal hub)
inner_hub_radius = (spindle_diameter - wall_width) < inside_diameter ? (spindle_diameter / 2) + wall_width : (inside_diameter) / 2 - wall_width;

inner_cone_width = (inside_diameter/2) - inner_hub_radius + wall_width;
inner_cone_height = inner_cone_width;

top_inner_cone_offset = width - inner_cone_height-wall_width;
bottom_inner_cone_offset = wall_width;

// Calculate to make sure outer cones are not at more than a 45 degree angle
spool_center_radius = outside_diameter/2 - outer_cone_width;

cutouts_diameter = (outside_diameter/2 - inside_diameter/2-2*wall_width );
cutouts_offset = inside_diameter/2 + cutouts_diameter/2 + wall_width ;

flat_section_height = max( 0, width-2*outer_cone_height-2*wall_width);

hub_flat_section_height = max( 0, width-2*inner_cone_height-2*wall_width);

// Filament
filament_hole = (filament_diameter / 2 );

// Spindle
spindle_width = width-2*inner_cone_height;
spindle_offset = 0;

// Number of shapes to cut out of the spool.
pi = 3.14159265358979323846;
cutouts = floor((cutouts_offset * pi * 2) / (cutouts_diameter+wall_width));

// ESTIMATED: Filament Volume (in cubic cm^3)
// 2 TIMES (for the top and bottom) the height a cylinder(which is height of the top cone) - Top Cone + Top Cone's Tip (not visible)
// PLUS middle cylinder outer_diameter - middle cylinder inner diameter
// TIMES 0.785398; to account for filament taking up 78% as much space
//   because cylinders(filament) wrapped around a spool have gaps between them.
filament_volume = ((2 * (
					cylinder_volume(outside_diameter/2, outer_cone_height) -
				   	cone_volume(outside_diameter/2, outside_diameter/2) +
					cone_volume(inside_diameter/2, inside_diameter/2)
				  )
			   + (
				 	cylinder_volume( outside_diameter/2, flat_section_height) -
			      	cylinder_volume( inside_diameter/2,  flat_section_height))
                    ) / 1000
				)  *  0.785398;

// Filament Weight (in kg)
filament_weight = (filament_volume * filament_density / 1000);

// Filament Length
filament_length = filament_volume / ( pi * (filament_diameter/2) * (filament_diameter/2));

echo("circle/square=", (pi*5*5)/(10*10) );
echo("half_spool=", half_spool );
echo("spool_center_radius=", spool_center_radius );
echo("width/2=", width/2 );
echo("cutouts_diameter=", cutouts_diameter );
echo("cutouts_offset=", cutouts_offset );
echo("outer_cone_width=", outer_cone_width );
echo("outer_cone_height=", outer_cone_height );
echo("inside_diameter/2=", inside_diameter/2 );
echo("outside_diameter/2=", outside_diameter/2 );
echo("spindle_diameter/2=", spindle_diameter/2 );
echo("inner_hub_radius=", inner_hub_radius);
echo("inner_cone_width=", inner_cone_width );
echo("inner_cone_height=", inner_cone_height );
echo("flat_section_height=", flat_section_height );

if ((flat_section_height == 0) && (1==1))
	display_warnings();
else
	display_spool_size();

difference() {
	union() {
		spool();
		spool_core();
		hub();
		hub_core();
	}
	remove_filament_holes();
}

// Shapes look better when they are rotated to align with the spindle hole
shape_rotate_array=[0,0,0,30,45,54,0,64.5,0,65,0,70,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];
function shape_rotate(shape,i) = (shape < 12) ? shape_rotate_array[shape] : 0;

function cylinder_volume( radius, height ) =
  pi * radius * radius * height;

function cone_volume( radius, height ) =
  (1/3) * pi * radius * radius * height;

// Returns the maximum of two values not greater than max_value
// Returns default if both are larger than max_value
function max_not_greater_than( value1, value2, max_value, default ) =
  (value1 <= max_value) && (value2 <= max_value) ? max(value1, value2) :
  (value1 >= max_value) && (value2 >= max_value) ? default :
  (value1 <= max_value) ? value1 :
  (value2 <= max_value) ? value2 : default;

// Returns the minimum of two values not less than min_value
// Returns default if both are small than min_value
function min_not_less_than( value1, value2, min_value, default ) =
  (value1 >= min_value) && (value2 >= min_value) ? min(value1, value2) :
  (value1 <= min_value) && (value2 <= min_value) ? default :
  (value1 >= min_value) ? value1 :
  (value2 >= min_value) ? value2 : default;

module display_warnings() {

	%color("Red",0.8)
	if (flat_section_height == 0) {
		translate([0,-50, -50])
		rotate(60,[1,0,0])
		%write("Might not print correctly; increase width",
       		t=5,h=10,center=true, font = "write/orbitron.dxf");
	}
}

module display_spool_size_OLD() {

	if (display_estimates == 1) {
		translate([0,-50, -50])
		rotate(60,[1,0,0])
		%write(str("Holds an estimated ",  round(filament_weight*10)/10, " kg of filament"),
    	   t=5,h=10,center=true, font = "write/orbitron.dxf");

		translate([0,-50,  - 75])
		rotate(60,[1,0,0])
		%write(str("Estimated filament length is ", round(filament_length), " m"),
    		   t=5,h=10,center=true, font = "write/orbitron.dxf");
	}
}

module display_spool_size() {

	if (display_estimates == 1) {
		translate([0,-50, -50])
		rotate(60,[1,0,0])
		%write(str("Capacity Estimate: ", round(filament_weight*10)/10, " kg, ", round(filament_length), " m long"),
    	   t=5,h=10,center=true, font = "write/orbitron.dxf");
	}
}

module hub() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			// Center core
			if (hollow == 0) {
				cylinder(h=width, r=inside_diameter/2 + wall_width, $fn=smooth);
			}

			// Top wall
			translate([0,0,width-wall_width])
			cylinder(h=wall_width, r=inner_hub_radius, $fn=smooth);

			// Bottom wall
			translate([0,0,0])
			cylinder(h=wall_width, r=inner_hub_radius, $fn=smooth);

			// Top inner spool cone
			translate([0,0, top_inner_cone_offset])
			cylinder(h=inner_cone_height, r1=(inside_diameter/2), r2=inner_hub_radius, $fn=smooth);

			// Bottom inner spool cone
			translate([0,0, bottom_inner_cone_offset])
			cylinder(h=inner_cone_height, r2=(inside_diameter/2), r1=inner_hub_radius, $fn=smooth);
			}

		// Remove the center
		translate([0,0,-1])
		cylinder(h=width*2, r=spindle_diameter/2, $fn=smooth);

		remove_shapes();

		// Remove extra plastic
		if (hollow == 1) {
			// And the center between the two inner cones
			translate([0,0,inner_cone_height+wall_width])
			cylinder(h=width-2*inner_cone_height-2*wall_width, r=inside_diameter/2, $fn=smooth);

			// Remove top cone
			translate([0,0, top_inner_cone_offset-0.01])
			cylinder(h=inner_cone_height+0.02, r1=inside_diameter/2-wall_width, r2=inner_hub_radius-wall_width, $fn=smooth);

			// Remove bottom cone
			translate([0,0, wall_width+0.01])
			cylinder(h=inner_cone_height+0.02, r2=(inside_diameter/2)-wall_width, r1=(inner_hub_radius-wall_width), $fn=smooth);
		}
	}
}

module spool() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			// Top wall
			translate([0,0,width-wall_width])
			cylinder(h=wall_width, r=outside_diameter/2, $fn=smooth);

			// Bottom wall
			translate([0,0,0])
			cylinder(h=wall_width, r=outside_diameter/2, $fn=smooth);

			// Top spool cone
			translate([0,0, top_cone_offset])
			cylinder(h=outer_cone_height, r2=outside_diameter/2, r1=spool_center_radius, $fn=smooth);

			// Bottom spool cone
			translate([0,0, bottom_cone_offset])
			cylinder(h=outer_cone_height, r1=outside_diameter/2, r2=spool_center_radius, $fn=smooth);
		}

		// Remove the center
		translate([0,0,-1])
		cylinder(h=width*2, r=inside_diameter/2-wall_width, $fn=smooth);

		remove_shapes();

		// Remove extra plastic
		if (hollow == 1) {
			// Remove top cone
			translate([0,0, top_cone_offset-0.01])
			cylinder(h=outer_cone_height+0.02, r2=(outside_diameter/2)-wall_width, r1=spool_center_radius-wall_width, $fn=smooth);
			translate([0,0, top_cone_offset + outer_cone_height-0.01 ])
			cylinder(h=wall_width+0.02, r=(outside_diameter/2)-wall_width, $fn=smooth);

			// Remove bottom cone
			translate([0,0, +wall_width-0.01])
			cylinder(h=outer_cone_height+0.02, r1=(outside_diameter/2)-wall_width, r2=spool_center_radius-wall_width, $fn=smooth);
			translate([0,0, -0.01])
			cylinder(h=wall_width+0.02, r=(outside_diameter/2)-wall_width, $fn=smooth);

		}
	}
}

module spool_core() {
	difference() {
		// Center core
		translate([0,0,(width-flat_section_height)/2])
		cylinder(h=flat_section_height, r=spool_center_radius, $fn=smooth);

		// Remove the center
		translate([0,0,(width-flat_section_height)/2-1])
		cylinder(h=flat_section_height+2, r=spool_center_radius-wall_width, $fn=smooth);
	}
}

module hub_core() {
	difference() {
		// Center core
		translate([0,0,(width-hub_flat_section_height)/2])
		cylinder(h=hub_flat_section_height, r=spool_center_radius, $fn=smooth);

		// Remove the center
		translate([0,0,(width-hub_flat_section_height)/2-0.01])
		cylinder(h=hub_flat_section_height+0.02, r=spool_center_radius-wall_width, $fn=smooth);
	}
}

// Remove filament start/stop holes
module remove_filament_holes() {

	// Remove a hole for the filament start
	translate([0,0,width/2])
	rotate(90,[0,1,0])
	cylinder(h=inside_diameter/2+wall_width,r=filament_hole,$fn=smooth);

	// Make a hole for the filament end
	translate([inside_diameter/2+wall_width, 0, width-2-wall_width])
	rotate(90,[0,1,0])
	if (((hollow == 1) && (remove_shapes == 1)) || ((hollow == 0) && (remove_shapes == 1)))
		cylinder(h=3,r=filament_hole,$fn=smooth);
	else
		cylinder(h=outside_diameter,r=filament_hole,$fn=smooth);

	// Make another hole for the filament end
	translate([inside_diameter/2+wall_width, 0, 2+wall_width])
	rotate(90,[0,1,0])
	if (((hollow == 1) && (remove_shapes == 1)) || ((hollow == 0) && (remove_shapes == 1)))
		cylinder(h=3,r=filament_hole,$fn=smooth);
	else
		cylinder(h=outside_diameter,r=filament_hole,$fn=smooth);
}

// Remove some shapes
module remove_shapes() {
	if (remove_shapes == 1) {
		for ( i = [1 : cutouts] ) {
			rotate(((360/cutouts) * i),[0,0,1])
			translate([0,cutouts_offset,-1]) {
				rotate(shape_rotate(shape,i),[0,0,1])
				cylinder(h=width+2, r=cutouts_diameter/2, $fn=shape);
			}
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I need a spacer for my bike cleats, similar to the one I already have, but I'd like a parametric version so I can easily adjust the dimensions for different shoes and cleat types.

Here's what I'm using now (code provided), which works well with my Crank Bros cleats and Keen Commuter sandals, but I'd like to adapt it more easily:

```
thickness = 1.2;
difference() {
	cube([38,26,thickness], center=true);
	translate([14/2,0,0]) cylinder(r=4.25, h = thickness+1, center=true);
	translate([-14/2,0,0]) cylinder(r=4.25, h = thickness+1, center=true);
	translate([38/2, 26/2, 0]) corner();
	translate([-38/2, 26/2, 0]) corner();
	translate([-38/2, -26/2, 0]) corner();
	translate([38/2, -26/2, 0]) corner();
}
module corner() {
	cube([9*2,5*2,thickness+1], center = true);
}
```

Basically, it's a rectangular plate with two countersunk holes for the cleat bolts and four corner "tabs." I'd like the following to be configurable as parameters:

*   `plate_width`: The overall width of the rectangular plate (currently 38mm).
*   `plate_length`: The overall length of the rectangular plate (currently 26mm).
*  `plate_thickness`: The overall thickness of the plate (currently 1.2mm)
*  `hole_spacing`: The distance between the centers of the two cleat bolt holes (currently 14mm).
*  `hole_diameter`: The diameter of the cleat bolt holes (currently 8.5mm, using a radius of 4.25mm).  Could be nice if it calculated the radius from the diameter as well.
*   `tab_size`: The size of the square corner tabs (currently 9mm x 2 x 5mm x 2). Could maybe use a single value for now and have the code calculate the rest to keep it simple, but ideally this would be `tab_width`, `tab_length`.
*  `tab_height`: The height of the corner tabs which is currently `thickness + 1`. It would be useful if this was `plate_thickness + extra_height`
* `extra_height`: A parameter that determines how much extra to add to the `plate_thickness` in the `tab_height`.

I'd also like a way to set the `center` parameter so that the whole model can be centered or not.

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file that includes these features? I do not have any preference on libraries used.

[Assistant]
CleatSpacer.scad:
```
thickness = 1.2;
difference() {
	cube([38,26,thickness], center=true);
	translate([14/2,0,0]) cylinder(r=4.25, h = thickness+1, center=true);
	translate([-14/2,0,0]) cylinder(r=4.25, h = thickness+1, center=true);
	translate([38/2, 26/2, 0]) corner();
	translate([-38/2, 26/2, 0]) corner();
	translate([-38/2, -26/2, 0]) corner();
	translate([38/2, -26/2, 0]) corner();
}
module corner() {
	cube([9*2,5*2,thickness+1], center = true);
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm working on a propeller design for a small R/C boat, and I've got a pretty functional base design using flat plates for fins. I'm using OpenSCAD, and my current version is attached. It uses a parametric approach, which I like, but I want to take the fin design further.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm after:

**Current Design (Attached: propellerbetter2.scad):**

*   **Core Structure:** The propeller has a central hub with a cylindrical section for mounting. Then, the fins are attached, intersecting a cylindrical section that functions as the main prop shape. Finally, there is a shroud (cylinder) around the outside.
*   **Fins:** These are currently simple rectangular plates with a cylindrical end that connects them to the central hub. They are angled forward.
*   **Parametric:** The current design allows for the following parameters:
    *   `fs` (minimum facet size)
    *   `fa` (degrees per facet)
    *   `trad` (outer radius of the prop without the shroud)
    *   `outw` (width of the shroud)
    *   `nfins` (number of fins)
    *   `rins` (radius of the central hub mounting cylinder)
    *   `tdepth` (depth of the propeller)
    *   `fangle` (angle of the fins)
    *   `tfin` (thickness of fins)

**Desired Improvements:**

I want to replace the flat plate fins with something more like airfoils. I'd like to explore two options, and it would be great if you could provide a parametric OpenSCAD file for *both*:

1.  **Elliptical Fins with Radius-Dependent Angle:** Instead of flat plates, I'd like the fins to have an elliptical cross-section. Additionally, I'd like the angle of the fin to change along its radius, starting at the hub with a certain angle (`fangle_hub`) and transitioning towards a potentially different angle at the outer radius (`fangle_tip`). The user should be able to specify a function or simple formula for how the angle changes, not just linear.
2.  **Airfoil Profile Fins:** As an alternative to elliptical fins, I'd like to try using a standard NACA airfoil profile for the fins. The user should be able to specify the NACA series to use (e.g., 2412, 4415), as well as the chord length of the airfoil and how it changes along the radius (linear change or an arbitrary formula) . I also need the ability to twist the fin along its radius (similar to my radius-dependent angle for the elliptical fins) with angles `fangle_hub` and `fangle_tip`.

**Overall Requirements:**

*   **Parametric:** The new design(s) should maintain the parametric nature of my existing script (or improve upon it where possible). I need to control `fs`, `fa`, `trad`, `outw`, `nfins`, `rins`, `tdepth`, and `tfin`, in addition to any new parameters introduced for the fin shape.
*   **Integration with Existing Structure:** The new fin designs should seamlessly integrate with the existing hub, shroud, and overall structure.
*   **OpenSCAD:** The design needs to be written in OpenSCAD, not using an external language or library.
*   **Printability:** While I know the airfoil fins might be more challenging to print, I'd still like to aim for a design that can be printed without supports, if at all possible. Perhaps the user can control the profile using a linear interpolation (e.g. thickness) to make it print better (or a completely different profile).
*   **User Friendly Parameters:**  The code should be well-commented and the parameters should be easily understood.
*   **NACA Airfoil:** For the NACA airfoil option, please do not provide the .scad file for the NACA airfoil function but do state that you are using the "NACA airfoil generator" from the `NopSCADlib` library.
*   **Libraries:** I would prefer not to use external libraries for the core functionality other than `NopSCADlib` for the NACA airfoil generation, but if the design would be far easier using BOSL2 then please do.

I'm really looking forward to seeing what you come up with. I'm particularly interested in how you approach the radius-dependent angle and airfoil profile generation within OpenSCAD. Let me know if you need any more information.

[Assistant]
propellerbetter2.scad:
```
//Parametric propeller using flat plates (with cylindrical end) for fins
//There are probably better ways to do this.
//Creative Commons license.

fs=1;  //default $fs is 2, is the min facet size
fa=4;  //default $fa is 12, is # of degrees per facet
trad=23.5; //outerradius not counting outw. 23.5 good
outw=1.5; //outerwidth. 1.5 is good
nfins=3; //number of fins. Min # is 2, but 3 is better
rins= 5; //radius of coupling thing, 5 is good
tdepth = 3; //depth of prop. reduce if nfins is big, 3 good
fangle = 40; //angle of fins, 40 is good for printing
tfin = 1; //thickness of fins, 1 is good

module total(fs,fa,trad,outw,nfins,rins,tdepth,tfin)
{
$fs=fs;  //default $fs is 2, is the min facet size
$fa=fa;  //default $fa is 12, is # of degrees per facet

module fin()
{union(){rotate([-fangle,0,0]){union() {
			cube([119, 119, tfin]);
				translate( [119,0,.5*tfin]){
rotate([0,-90,0]) cylinder (h=119,r=.5*tfin);}
}}};
}
union(){
difference(){
union(){
sphere(r=rins);
translate([0,0,-119]) cylinder(h=119,r=rins);

intersection(){
union(){
for (i = [0:(nfins-1)]) {
rotate([0,0,360*i/nfins]) fin();

		}
}
translate([0,0,-.5*119]) cylinder(h=119,r=trad);
}

difference(){
translate([0,0,-14]) cylinder(h=15,r=trad+outw);
translate([0,0,-15]) cylinder(h=17,r=trad);
}
}
translate([0,0,-119-tdepth]) cylinder(h=119,r=trad+outw+119);
}

	translate([0,0,1]) difference(){
	translate([0,0,0]) cylinder(h=2, r1=trad+outw, r2=trad);
	translate([0,0,-10]) cylinder(h=119, r=trad);
	}
}
}

//intersection(){

total(fs,fa,trad,outw,nfins,rins,tdepth,tfin);

```


[User]
Okay, so I'm trying to design a parametric mouthpiece, kind of like a trumpet or trombone mouthpiece, but with some flexibility for customization. I found this existing OpenSCAD file (Mouthpiece_3_2.scad) that's a good starting point, but it's a bit clunky and I'm having trouble using it in the customizer, plus it's slow. It seems to use a sort of "wedged" approach that I like. Here's what I'm hoping to achieve with a new design:

**Core Requirements:**

1.  **Parametric Design:**  I want to be able to control all the key dimensions through parameters, so I can easily adjust the mouthpiece for different instruments or playing styles.
2.  **Wedge Capability:** The core idea of the existing file is to allow for "wedged" parameters (that is, to have one value for say, 0 degrees and another for 180 degrees and the values are interpolated between, based on the angle) and I want to keep that. I'd like to avoid a linear interpolation and use a function for parameters that is based on the square of the sine of the angle; `Parameter[0]+(Parameter[1]-Parameter[0])*pow(sin(Angle),2);` Specifically I like the parameters that it wedges: `RimOuterRadius`, `RimPlateauWidth`, `RimInnerRadius`, `RimHeight`, `CupDiameter`, `CupDepth`, `ThroatRadius`, and `ThroatDiameter`.
3.  **Rim:** I need parameters for the outer radius, the inner radius, and the width of a "plateau" section between them, and how high they are relative to the bottom of the cup. These should all be independently adjustable.
4.  **Cup:** I want to control the cup diameter and depth. I'd like the *shape* of the cup to transition between conical and spherical using another parameter called `CupSphereFactor` between 0 and 1.  The file I provided has a good implementation of this idea using a scaling of the `MakeCurve()` module.
5.  **Throat:** I need parameters for the throat radius and diameter.
6.  **Backpipe/Bore:**  I need to control the diameter of the backpipe, bore, and front of the pipe before it gets attached to the next section. The design should also include a bore before it widens to the backpipe.
7.  **Length:** Overall length of the mouthpiece should be a parameter.
8.  **Printing Foot:** I need a small cylindrical foot at the base for easier 3D printing. It needs a parameter for its height.
9. **Incremental Steps:** Like the old code, I would like a parameter for the number of steps used in the rotation of each shape that results in a complete 360-degree shape.
10. **Hulls:** Like the original file, I would like to use `hull()` and `rotate()` to create my final shapes.
11. **No Libraries:** I'd like to avoid using any external libraries, if possible.

**Specific Parameters (with default values as in the provided code):**

*   `$fn = 15;` (Note: this is a special variable in OpenSCAD but still treated like a parameter for my purpose)
*   `RimOuterRadius = [2, 2];`
*   `RimPlateauWidth = [2, 2];`
*   `RimInnerRadius = [2, 2];`
*   `RimHeight = [0, 2];`
*   `CupDiameter = [16, 16];`
*   `CupDepth = [10, 10];`
*   `CupSphereFactor = 0.5;`
*  `ThroatRadius = [2, 2];`
*   `ThroatDiameter = [4, 4];`
*   `BackPipeDiameter = 9.8;`
*   `FrontPipeDiameter = BackPipeDiameter + 4;`
*   `BoreDiameter = BackPipeDiameter - 1.5;`
*   `MouthPieceLength = 87;`
*  `PrintingFootHeight = 1;`
* `Step = 15;`

**Additional Requests:**

*   The code in `Mouthpiece_3_2.scad` is pretty verbose with the modules that it defines (`MakeRim`, `MakeCupOutside`, `MakeCupInside`, `MakePipe`, and `MakeCurve`) for each section of the mouth piece. It would be nice if you could organize the code a bit better.
*   Could you explain how the `MakeCurve()` module (and its helper function) work so that I understand the math behind the cup shape generation?
*   I'd also like to understand the wedge implementation (if that's an appropriate name) better and how the `Interpolate()` function is related to it.
*   The customizer seems to have problems with this particular file, so hopefully, a refactor will fix it. If not, let me know what I might have to do to address it!

I'm hoping this level of detail will allow you to create a good parametric mouthpiece file that is easier to work with. Thanks!

[Assistant]
Mouthpiece_3_2.scad:
```
// Wedged Parametric MouthPiece
// Copyright 2013 Wouter Robers

$fn=15;
RimOuterRadius=[2,2];
RimPlateauWidth=[2,2];
RimInnerRadius=[2,2];
RimHeight=[0,2];
CupDiameter=[16,16];
CupDepth=[10,10];
// [0 (Conical) - 1 (Spherical)] Spherical cups have brighter, more projected tones, while conical cups have less tone definition.
CupSphereFactor=0.5;
ThroatRadius=[2,2];
ThroatDiameter=[4,4];
BackPipeDiameter=9.8;
FrontPipeDiameter=BackPipeDiameter+4;
BoreDiameter=BackPipeDiameter-1.5;
MouthPieceLength=87;
PrintingFootHeight=1;
Step=15;

// Function to interpolate parameters
function Interpolate(Parameter,Angle)=Parameter[0]+(Parameter[1]-Parameter[0])*pow(sin(Angle),2);
//Make Curve function
function Curve(X)=CupSphereFactor*sqrt(1-pow(X,2))+(1-CupSphereFactor)*(1-X);

//Make Curve module
module MakeCurve(){
polygon([
[0,0],
[0,Curve(0)],
[0.2,Curve(0.2)],
[0.4,Curve(0.4)],
[0.6,Curve(0.6)],
[0.8,Curve(0.8)],
[0.9,Curve(0.9)],
[0.97,Curve(0.97)],
[1,Curve(1)],
]);
}

// MakeShape
module MakeRim(Angle){
linear_extrude(0.1)
{
// MakeShape Inner Rim
translate([Interpolate(CupDiameter,Angle)/2+Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle),-Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle)+Interpolate(RimHeight,Angle)]) circle(Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle));
// MakeShape Rim Plateau
//translate([Interpolate(CupDiameter,Angle)/2+Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle),-max(Interpolate(RimOuterRadius,Angle),Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle))*2+Interpolate(RimHeight,Angle)]) square([Interpolate(RimPlateauWidth,Angle),max(Interpolate(RimOuterRadius,Angle),Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle))*2]);
// MakeShape Outer Rim
translate([Interpolate(CupDiameter,Angle)/2+Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle)+Interpolate(RimPlateauWidth,Angle),-Interpolate(RimOuterRadius,Angle)+Interpolate(RimHeight,Angle)]) circle(Interpolate(RimOuterRadius,Angle));
}}

module MakeCupOutside(Angle){
linear_extrude(0.1)
{
// MakeShape Cup Outside
translate([Interpolate(ThroatDiameter,Angle)/2+Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle),-Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle)+Interpolate(RimHeight,Angle)]) scale([Interpolate(CupDiameter,Angle)/2-Interpolate(ThroatDiameter,Angle)/2-Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle)+Interpolate(RimPlateauWidth,Angle)+Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle)+Interpolate(RimOuterRadius,Angle)/2,-Interpolate(CupDepth,Angle)+Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle)-Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle)-Interpolate(RimHeight,Angle)]) MakeCurve();
}
}

module MakeCupInside(Angle){
linear_extrude(0.1)
{
// MakeShape Cup Inside
translate([Interpolate(ThroatDiameter,Angle)/2+Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle),-Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle)+Interpolate(RimHeight,Angle)]) scale([Interpolate(CupDiameter,Angle)/2-Interpolate(ThroatDiameter,Angle)/2-Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle),-Interpolate(CupDepth,Angle)+Interpolate(RimInnerRadius,Angle)-Interpolate(RimHeight,Angle)])
{
MakeCurve();
polygon([[-0.1,-0.1],[-0.1,1],[0,1],[1,0],[1,-0.1]]);
}
}

}

module MakePipe(Angle){
linear_extrude(0.1)
{

// MakeShape Throat
translate([Interpolate(ThroatDiameter,Angle)/2+Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle),-Interpolate(CupDepth,Angle)-Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle)]) circle(Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle));
// MakeShape Backpipe
polygon([
[BackPipeDiameter/2,-MouthPieceLength],
[BoreDiameter/2,-MouthPieceLength],
[Interpolate(ThroatDiameter,Angle)/2,-Interpolate(CupDepth,Angle)-Interpolate(ThroatRadius,Angle)],
[FrontPipeDiameter/2,-Interpolate(CupDepth,Angle)]
]);
}}

// Finally assembling the mouthpiece
translate([0,0,MouthPieceLength+PrintingFootHeight]) union(){

// Make Foot
translate([0,0,-MouthPieceLength-PrintingFootHeight]) cylinder(r=CupDiameter[0],h=PrintingFootHeight);

for(i=[0:Step:360])
	{
	hull()
		{
		rotate([0,0,i]) rotate([90,0,0]) MakeRim(i);
		rotate([0,0,i+Step+0.01]) rotate([90,0,0]) MakeRim(i+Step);
		}
	}

for(i=[0:Step:360]){
hull()
	{
	rotate([0,0,i]) rotate([90,0,0]) MakePipe(i);
	rotate([0,0,i+Step]) rotate([90,0,0]) MakePipe(i+Step);
	}
}

difference()
	{
	for(i=[0:Step:360])
		{
		hull()
			{
			rotate([0,0,i]) rotate([90,0,0]) MakeCupOutside(i);
			rotate([0,0,i+Step]) rotate([90,0,0]) MakeCupOutside(i+Step);
			}
		}
	for(i=[0:Step:360])
		{
		hull()
			{
			rotate([0,0,i]) rotate([90,0,0]) MakeCupInside(i);
			rotate([0,0,i+Step]) rotate([90,0,0]) MakeCupInside(i+Step);
			}
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I need help designing a cookie cutter based on a raster image. I want to be able to upload a black and white image and have it used to generate the cookie cutter shape. The image will be a silhouette of the cookie cutter I want. The cookie cutter should be generated by taking the silhouette and extruding it up to a height specified in millimeters, and I need to be able to control the wall thickness and overall size of the cookie cutter. I'd like the cookie cutter to have a wider base for stability when pressing, and this base should be parameterized as well.

Here's what I want to be able to adjust:

*   **`cookie_cutter_dimension`**: The overall maximum size of the cookie cutter in mm. I want to be able to set it from 50 to 130mm.
*   **`wall_thickness`**: The thickness of the cookie cutter wall. I want to have options for thicker (like 1.6mm) or thinner (like 0.8mm).
*   **`height`**: The height of the cookie cutter's cutting edge. I want this to be adjustable and have options to choose from short (like 15mm) or tall (like 30mm).
*   **`image_file`**: This will be the path to the image file I upload. It should be a silhouette, white on black, or black on white (with an invert option).
*   **`grey_level`**: The threshold to convert my greyscale image into a silhouette. I want it to be adjustable from 1 to 256. I will be able to see a preview of the outline this makes, so no need to calculate anything there.
*   **`base_width`**: The width of the stabilizing base at the bottom, beyond the main cookie cutter outline. I want to be able to adjust how much it extends. (This is an addition to the reference file)

The generated cookie cutter will need to be made by extruding the silhouette to the specified height and should have the base. The base will be slightly wider than the outline of the cutting edge.

I'd like to be able to see a preview while I'm adjusting these parameters.

I'd like the final code to use a library for rendering the build plate that I can choose between: "Replicator 2", "Replicator" and "Thingomatic". I have a module for that, it's in a file called `utils/build_plate.scad`. Please use that exact file name and location for that library when importing it.

Can you generate an OpenSCAD file for this?

[Assistant]
cookie_cutter_editor_raster2.scad:
```
use <utils/build_plate.scad>

// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

//Maximum size of the cookie cutter in mm
cookie_cutter_dimension = 130; //[50:130]
wall_thickness = 1.6; //[1.6:Thicker,.8:Thinner]
height = 15; //[15:Short,30:Tall]

// Load a 100x100 pixel image.(images will be stretched to fit). Note that this is kind of finicky, your image should be white on black (or use the invert checkbox) and should be just a silhouette with no internal shapes. For instance an image with a black background and a white circle will work, but an image with another black circle inside of the white one won't. See the thing page for examples of images that will work and ones that won't. One other thing, if you blur your image slightly you will get smoother outlines.
image_file = ""; // [image_surface:50x50]

//Select the grey level to use as the cookie cutter. The swatch shown in the preview shows you what color you are using.
grey_level = 128; //[1:256]

//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 0; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic]

/* [Hidden] */
// What layer height will you slice this at?  The thinner the better.
layer_height = 1;

// The lower the layer height, the more layers you can use.
number_of_layers = 256;
length = 130;
width = 130;

image_height = layer_height*number_of_layers;
preview_tab = "final";

translate([0,0,-1])
build_plate(build_plate_selector);

if(preview_tab != "final" ){
	translate([0,0,-1])
		color([grey_level/256,grey_level/256,grey_level/256])
			square([cookie_cutter_dimension/2,cookie_cutter_dimension/2]);
}
cookie_cutter();

  // take just the part of surface we want
module shape(){
projection(cut = true)
translate([0,0,-(.5+grey_level)])
    scale([cookie_cutter_dimension/50,cookie_cutter_dimension/50,image_height]) surface(file=image_file, center=true, convexity=5);
}

module outset(dist){

		minkowski(){
			shape();
			circle(r=dist);
		}

}

module cookie_cutter (){

		translate([0,0,wall_thickness/2])
			linear_extrude(height=height)
				difference(){
					outset(wall_thickness);
					shape();
				}
		linear_extrude(height=wall_thickness)
			difference(){
				outset(5);
				shape();
			}

}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a customizable, printable filament spool in OpenSCAD, and I need help creating the code. I've got some specific parameters in mind, and I'd like to be able to adjust them easily.

Here's what I'm aiming for:

**General Structure:**

*   The spool should consist of two identical, printable hubs that connect to form a complete spool.
*   The connection should be an interlocking mechanism in the center of the hub, printable as part of the main spool hub.
*   I want to be able to optionally add teardrop-shaped cutouts to reduce material usage.

**Hub Dimensions:**

*   **`hubMajorDiameter`:** The outside diameter of the part of the hub that filament winds on, closest to the *sides* of the spool. Range: 10-70mm.
*   **`hubMajorDiameterCenter`:** The outside diameter of the part of the hub that filament winds on, closest to the *center* of the spool. Range: 10-70mm.
*   **`hubMinorDiameter`:** The inside diameter of the part of the hub that filament winds on, closest to the *sides* of the spool. Range: 5-65mm.
*   **`hubMinorDiameterCenter`:** The inside diameter of the part of the hub that filament winds on, closest to the *center* of the spool. Range: 5-65mm.
*  **`reelWidth`:** The overall width of the spool (this is assumed to be twice the size of the printed hub). Range: 40-200mm
*   **`sideWallWidth`:** The thickness of the side of the spool. Range: 1-3mm (increments of .5mm)
*   **`sideWallHeight`:** The height of the side of the spool. Range: 15-150mm.

**Interconnection Options:**

*   **`clipCount`:** The number of interlocking clips for each side of the hub. Range: 1-10.
*   **`clipHeight`:** The height/depth of the clip interface. Range: 1-10mm (note higher than 5 is probably pointless).
*  **`clipWidth1`:** The width of the clip. Range: 1-10mm.
*   **`fineDetail`**: Used as a spacer for interconnects from the side walls. Default: .5mm

**Other Options:**

*   **`filamentSize`**: Filament hole size for securing filament ends. This should also be enlarged by 10%. I want to have a small range for common sizes. Possible Values: 1.75, 2, 3, 3.5 mm.
*   **`teardropcut`:**  A boolean to enable/disable the teardrop cutouts. 1 = yes, 0 = no.
*   **`fcy`:**  A variable to control the quality of the round edges of the cylinders. Range: 0-100.
*   **`build_plate_selector`**: An option to control how build plates are set. Options will be: 0 = Replicator 2, 1 = Replicator, 2 = Thingomatic, 3 = Manual
*  **`build_plate_manual_x`**: If build plate is set to manual, the x dimension. Range: 100-400mm
*  **`build_plate_manual_y`**: If build plate is set to manual, the y dimension. Range: 100-400mm

**Requirements:**

*   The code should calculate and display the maximum filament volume and estimated filament weight (using 1.04 g/cm^3 as a density) in the console.
*   The teardrop cutouts should be generated automatically based on the dimensions of the spool, if enabled.
*   I would like to have two filament holes: One at the beginning of the spool, and one at the end.
*   I want to ensure that the code calculates and renders the interlocking clips accurately
*   I would like the code to include the `write.scad` and `utils/build_plate.scad` libraries.

It's important that the resulting OpenSCAD file be parametric, so I can easily adjust these values to create a variety of spools. I would also like to keep the code as clean and understandable as possible and it should be commented as needed.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
spoolHubs.scad:
```
include <write/write.scad>
use <utils/build_plate.scad>
/*

		This file had been created by Tim Chandler a.k.a. 2n2r5 and is
		being shared under the creative commons - attribution license.
		Any and all icons, references to 2n2r5.com, 2n2r5.net, Tim
		Chandler ,2n2r5 or Trademarks must remain in the the end product.
		This script is free to use for any and all purposes, both
		commercial and non-commercial provided that the above conditions
		are met.

		Please refer to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
		for more information on this license.
*/

/*

Script by: Tim Chandler (2n2r5)

Filename: spoolHubs.scad
Date of Creation: 7/9/13
True Revision Number: V1.13
Date of Revision: 7/11/13

Description:
This script will create custom reel hubs

Change Log:

V. 1.1 7/14/13

- Fixed Male Connector. It was not properly oriented and was only half the height that It should have been.

V. 1.1 7/11/13

- Made spool symmetrical so only 1 stl is needed to print spool.
- Fixed Teardrop shapes to auto populate and size
- Cleaned up variables (ready for thingiverse customizer)
- Changed defaults to make more people happy

Todo:

 - different hub patterns
 - Make clips generate automatically with size of spool (maybe, kind of like it how it is now)
 - Add "write.scad" so we can add text to non-teardrop cut sides

*/

/* [Reel Dimensions] */
//Outside Diameter of part that filament winds on (closest to sides)
hubMajorDiameter = 35; //[10:70]
//Outside Diameter of part that filament winds on (closest to center)
hubMajorDiameterCenter = 30; //[10:70]
//Inside Diameter of part that filament winds on (closest to sides)
hubMinorDiameter = 25; //[5:65]
//Outside Diameter of part that filament winds on (closest to center)
hubMinorDiameterCenter = 25; //[5:65]
//Reel Width (assumes that you print 2 at this size)
reelWidth = 150; //[40:200]
//Side of reel thickness
sideWallWidth = 2.5; //[1,1.5,2,2.5,3]
//Side Of reel height
sideWallHeight = 100; //[15:150]
/* [Interconnect Options] */
// Inter-connect Clip Count for each side (only counts extruded peices)
clipCount = 5; //[1:10]
// Height/Depth of clip interface (anything higher that 5 is pointless)
clipHeight = 3; //[1:10]
//Clip Width (3 is a good starting point)
clipWidth1 = 5; // [1:10]
// Used as spacer for interconnects from the sidewalls
fineDetail = .5 ;
/* [More Options] */
// Filament hole size (this variable is enlarged by 10%)
filamentSize = 1.75; // [1.75,2,3,3.5]
//Tear Drop Cutouts? (1 = yes , 0 = No)
teardropcut = 1; // [1:yes, 0:no]
// Quality of Round Edges (You may be waiting a while if your number is higher than 50)
fcy = 50; // [0:100]
//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 3; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 200; //[100:400]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 200; //[100:400]

build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

/* *************** DO NOT CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE *************** */

/*  [Hidden]  */
/* --- Variable Conversion & Maths --- */
outHub = hubMajorDiameter;
outHubCenter = hubMajorDiameterCenter;
inHubBase = hubMinorDiameter;
inHubCenter = hubMinorDiameterCenter;
hh = reelWidth ;
cc = clipCount ;
inHubClip = (((outHubCenter-inHubCenter)/2+inHubCenter)/2) ;
teardropArea = ((sideWallHeight-outHub)/2 - sideWallWidth);
teardropBig = (teardropArea*.4);
teardropSmall = (teardropArea * .2);
// The following function gets the circumfrence of the middle of the teardrop area, divides that by the size of the diameter of the teardropbig diameter, subtracts -1 from that result and then rounds it off.
tdc = round(((((sideWallHeight- outHub)/4 + outHub/2) * 3.1459)/teardropBig )-1);
echo(tdc, "teardrop cutouts have been automatically been generated");
ff = tdc ; //
clipWidth =  outHubCenter/2-inHubCenter/2-(2*fineDetail) ;
volumeCylinder = ((pow(sideWallHeight/2-sideWallWidth,2)*3.1459*hh))/1000 -  (pow(outHub/2,2)*3.1459*hh)/1000;

echo("Max Filament Volume is ", round(volumeCylinder)," cm³");
echo("Estimated Filament Weight is ",round(volumeCylinder*1.04)/1000, " kilograms");

// teardrop cutout module
module teardrop(){
color("transparent")
	if (teardropcut == 1) {

							for (fff=[0:ff]){
						rotate([0,0,fff*360/ff])

								hull() {
									translate([0,(sideWallHeight/2 - teardropBig)-sideWallWidth,sideWallWidth/2])
									cylinder (r=teardropBig ,h=sideWallWidth, $fn=fcy, center=true);

									translate([0,(outHub/2 + teardropSmall) ,sideWallWidth/2])
									cylinder (r=teardropSmall,h=sideWallWidth, $fn=fcy, center=true);
								}

						}
	} else {

	}

}

module spoolConnectorFemale(){

		difference(){
					color("firebrick")
					union(){

						cylinder(r=sideWallHeight/2,h=sideWallWidth, $fn=fcy);

						cylinder(r1=outHub/2, r2=outHubCenter/2, h=hh/2,$fn=fcy);

						//start material add for male connector
							rotate([0,0,(360/cc/2)]){

								for (ccc=[0:cc]){

								rotate([0,0,ccc*360/cc])
								translate([0,inHubClip,(hh/2)+clipHeight/2])
								cube([clipWidth1*.9,clipWidth*.9,(clipHeight+fineDetail)*.9],center=true);
								}
							}
					}
					color("transparent")
					union(){
						cylinder(r1=inHubBase/2,r2=inHubCenter/2, h=hh/2, $fn=fcy);

					//start material removal for female connector
							for (ccc=[0:cc]){

								rotate([0,0,ccc*360/cc])
								translate([0,inHubClip,(hh/2)-(clipHeight/2)-(fineDetail/2)])
								cube([clipWidth1,clipWidth,clipHeight+fineDetail],center=true);
						}
					//Make Spool Lighter
							//Tear Drop Shape cutouts
							teardrop();

					//Give a place to hook filament so we can wind it
						rotate([0,0,20])
						translate([0,outHub/2+sideWallWidth,sideWallWidth/2])
						cylinder(r=filamentSize/2*1.1, h=sideWallWidth, center=true, $fn=fcy);

						//Give a place to hook filament so we can hold it after winding
						rotate([0,0,20])
						translate([0,-(sideWallHeight/2-sideWallWidth),sideWallWidth/2])
						cylinder(r=filamentSize/2*1.1, h=sideWallWidth, center=true, $fn=fcy);

					}
		}

}

{

spoolConnectorFemale();
translate([sideWallHeight,0,0])
%spoolConnectorFemale();
}

```
spoolHubs.scad:
```
include <write/write.scad>
use <utils/build_plate.scad>
/*

		This file had been created by Tim Chandler a.k.a. 2n2r5 and is
		being shared under the creative commons - attribution license.
		Any and all icons, references to 2n2r5.com, 2n2r5.net, Tim
		Chandler ,2n2r5 or Trademarks must remain in the the end product.
		This script is free to use for any and all purposes, both
		commercial and non-commercial provided that the above conditions
		are met.

		Please refer to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
		for more information on this license.
*/

/*

Script by: Tim Chandler (2n2r5)

Filename: spoolHubs.scad
Date of Creation: 7/9/13
True Revision Number: V1.14
Date of Revision: 7/14/13

Description:
This script will create custom reel hubs

Change Log:

V. 1.1 7/14/13

- Fixed Male Connector. It was not properly oriented and was only half the height that It should have been.

V. 1.1 7/11/13

- Made spool symmetrical so only 1 stl is needed to print spool.
- Fixed Teardrop shapes to auto populate and size
- Cleaned up variables (ready for thingiverse customizer)
- Changed defaults to make more people happy

Todo:

 - different hub patterns
 - Make clips generate automatically with size of spool (maybe, kind of like it how it is now)
 - Add "write.scad" so we can add text to non-teardrop cut sides

*/

/* [Reel Dimensions] */
//Outside Diameter of part that filament winds on (closest to sides)
hubMajorDiameter = 35; //[10:70]
//Outside Diameter of part that filament winds on (closest to center)
hubMajorDiameterCenter = 30; //[10:70]
//Inside Diameter of part that filament winds on (closest to sides)
hubMinorDiameter = 25; //[5:65]
//Outside Diameter of part that filament winds on (closest to center)
hubMinorDiameterCenter = 25; //[5:65]
//Reel Width (assumes that you print 2 at this size)
reelWidth = 150; //[40:200]
//Side of reel thickness
sideWallWidth = 2.5; //[1,1.5,2,2.5,3]
//Side Of reel height
sideWallHeight = 100; //[15:150]
/* [Interconnect Options] */
// Inter-connect Clip Count for each side (only counts extruded peices)
clipCount = 5; //[1:10]
// Height/Depth of clip interface (anything higher that 5 is pointless)
clipHeight = 3; //[1:10]
//Clip Width (3 is a good starting point)
clipWidth1 = 5; // [1:10]
// Used as spacer for interconnects from the sidewalls
fineDetail = .5 ;
/* [More Options] */
// Filament hole size (this variable is enlarged by 10%)
filamentSize = 1.75; // [1.75,2,3,3.5]
//Tear Drop Cutouts? (1 = yes , 0 = No)
teardropcut = 1; // [1:yes, 0:no]
// Quality of Round Edges (You may be waiting a while if your number is higher than 50)
fcy = 50; // [0:100]
//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 3; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 200; //[100:400]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 200; //[100:400]

build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

/* *************** DO NOT CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE *************** */

/*  [Hidden]  */
/* --- Variable Conversion & Maths --- */
outHub = hubMajorDiameter;
outHubCenter = hubMajorDiameterCenter;
inHubBase = hubMinorDiameter;
inHubCenter = hubMinorDiameterCenter;
hh = reelWidth ;
cc = clipCount ;
inHubClip = (((outHubCenter-inHubCenter)/2+inHubCenter)/2) ;
teardropArea = ((sideWallHeight-outHub)/2 - sideWallWidth);
teardropBig = (teardropArea*.4);
teardropSmall = (teardropArea * .2);
// The following function gets the circumfrence of the middle of the teardrop area, divides that by the size of the diameter of the teardropbig diameter, subtracts -1 from that result and then rounds it off.
tdc = round(((((sideWallHeight- outHub)/4 + outHub/2) * 3.1459)/teardropBig )-1);
echo(tdc, "teardrop cutouts have been automatically been generated");
ff = tdc ; //
clipWidth =  outHubCenter/2-inHubCenter/2-(2*fineDetail) ;
volumeCylinder = ((pow(sideWallHeight/2-sideWallWidth,2)*3.1459*hh))/1000 -  (pow(outHub/2,2)*3.1459*hh)/1000;

echo("Max Filament Volume is ", round(volumeCylinder)," cm³");
echo("Estimated Filament Weight is ",round(volumeCylinder*1.04)/1000, " kilograms");

// teardrop cutout module
module teardrop(){
color("transparent")
	if (teardropcut == 1) {

							for (fff=[0:ff]){
						rotate([0,0,fff*360/ff])

								hull() {
									translate([0,(sideWallHeight/2 - teardropBig)-sideWallWidth,sideWallWidth/2])
									cylinder (r=teardropBig ,h=sideWallWidth, $fn=fcy, center=true);

									translate([0,(outHub/2 + teardropSmall) ,sideWallWidth/2])
									cylinder (r=teardropSmall,h=sideWallWidth, $fn=fcy, center=true);
								}

						}
	} else {

	}

}

module spoolConnectorFemale(){

		difference(){
					color("firebrick")
					union(){

						cylinder(r=sideWallHeight/2,h=sideWallWidth, $fn=fcy);

						cylinder(r1=outHub/2, r2=outHubCenter/2, h=hh/2,$fn=fcy);

						//start material add for male connector
							rotate([0,0,(360/cc/2)]){

								for (ccc=[0:cc]){

								rotate([0,0,ccc*360/cc])
								translate([0,inHubClip,(hh/2)+clipHeight/2])
								cube([clipWidth1*.9,clipWidth*.9,(clipHeight+fineDetail)*.9],center=true);
								}
							}
					}
					color("transparent")
					union(){
						cylinder(r1=inHubBase/2,r2=inHubCenter/2, h=hh/2, $fn=fcy);

					//start material removal for female connector
							for (ccc=[0:cc]){

								rotate([0,0,ccc*360/cc])
								translate([0,inHubClip,(hh/2)-(clipHeight/2)-(fineDetail/2)])
								cube([clipWidth1,clipWidth,clipHeight+fineDetail],center=true);
						}
					//Make Spool Lighter
							//Tear Drop Shape cutouts
							teardrop();

					//Give a place to hook filament so we can wind it
						rotate([0,0,20])
						translate([0,outHub/2+sideWallWidth,sideWallWidth/2])
						cylinder(r=filamentSize/2*1.1, h=sideWallWidth, center=true, $fn=fcy);

						//Give a place to hook filament so we can hold it after winding
						rotate([0,0,20])
						translate([0,-(sideWallHeight/2-sideWallWidth),sideWallWidth/2])
						cylinder(r=filamentSize/2*1.1, h=sideWallWidth, center=true, $fn=fcy);

					}
		}

}

{

spoolConnectorFemale();
translate([sideWallHeight,0,0])
%spoolConnectorFemale();
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a customizable label using OpenSCAD. I've already got a basic design started (Label.scad), but it's not quite flexible enough.

Here's what I'd like to achieve:

I need a label that consists of a base plate and raised text on top. I want the label to be fully parametric so I can easily adjust its dimensions and text. Specifically, I want to control:

*   **Overall Label Dimensions:**
    *   `width`: The length of the label.
    *   `height`: The depth of the label.
    *   `baseThick`: The thickness of the base plate.
*   **Text Properties:**
    *   `letterThick`: The thickness of the raised text.
    *   `letterHeight`: The height of the text above the base plate.
    *   `text`: The actual text to be displayed on the label.
    *  `fontName`: Selectable font from files in the 'write' folder. The valid fonts in the folder are `Letters.dxf`, `BlackRose.dxf`, `orbitron.dxf`, `knewave.dxf`, `braille.dxf`

*   **Two-Color Printing (Optional):** I would like the ability to easily print this in two colors.  The base should be one color, and the raised text should be another color. This should be selectable with a `part` parameter as either `"top"`, `"bottom"`, or `"both"`. `"top"` prints only the raised text (for a top color), `"bottom"` prints only the base (for a base color), and `"both"` prints the whole label with base and raised text (for dual-extrusion). I want the base to always be printed below the text. It should default to `"both"`.

The design should use the `write` library which I have in the same directory.  Specifically, I need the code to be parametric and call functions from `write/Write.scad`

Could you provide an OpenSCAD file that accomplishes this? Please make it so all the parameters can be easily changed at the top of the file, making it simple to customize each label I make.

[Assistant]
Label.scad:
```
use <write/Write.scad>

// Which part for Two Color Prints?
part = "both"; // [top:top,bottom:bottom,both:both]

width=180;
height=45;
baseThick=3;
letterThick=4;
letterHeight = 30;
text="label";

fontName="write/Letters.dxf"; //["write/Letters.dxf":Letters, "write/BlackRose.dxf":BlackRose, "write/orbitron.dxf":orbitron, "write/knewave.dxf":knewave, "write/braille.dxf":braille]

	if (part == "top") {
		topcolor();
	} else if (part == "both") {
		maincolor();
		topcolor();
	} else if (part == "bottom") {
		maincolor();
	} else  {
		maincolor();
		topcolor();
	}

module maincolor(){
		cube([width, height, baseThick]);
}

module topcolor(){
	translate([width/2,height/2,letterThick/2 + baseThick])write(text, t=letterThick, h=letterHeight,font=fontName, center=true);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I've been working on this parametric propeller design, and I'm looking for some help making it even more flexible. Right now, the fin shape is basically a circle that's scaled into an ellipse and then twisted, but I'd like to be able to customize the fin profile using an arbitrary 2D shape.

Here's the basic idea:

I've got a central hub with a cylindrical base and a beveled edge. The fins are attached to the hub and are twisted along their length.  The twist is crucial, and currently it's controlled by `fangle`. The fins are meant to be printed flat on the bed, so the twist should be in the vertical direction.

Currently, I have these parameters:

*   `fs`:  Facet size for rendering (smaller values = higher quality)
*   `fa`: Degrees per facet for rendering (smaller values = higher quality)
*   `fn`:  Number of facets for circle approximations (larger values = higher quality)
*   `nslices`: Number of slices for the twist operation of the fin, along its radius.
*   `trad`:  Radius of the main part of the propeller (without the fin "width")
*   `outw`: "Width" of the fin that extends beyond `trad`
*   `nfins`: Number of fins on the propeller
*   `rins`:  Radius of the central coupling part
*   `tdepth`: Depth/height of the overall propeller, including the thickness of the fins
*   `fangle`: Twist angle of the fins
*   `bevh`: Bevel height on the top of the base
*   `tfin`: Thickness of the fins
*   `chrad`: Radius of the central mounting hole

I want to keep these parameters, but I need a new way to define the fin shape. Instead of using `circle(r=tdepth)` that is scaled into an ellipse and then twisted, I would like to be able to use *any* 2D shape as the cross-section of the fin.  Ideally, this would be a module I could easily modify or replace. I’d like to define this profile in the X-Y plane with its center at (0,0), and the Z-axis would then control the twist and extrusion. The current `tdepth` parameter can be the extrusion length when using the new system.

I was thinking about how the `linear_extrude` function's `slices` and `twist` parameters already do most of what I want, I’d just want to replace the `circle(r=tdepth)` with my arbitrary shape.  I don't need any libraries other than those which are included in a standard OpenSCAD installation.

Could you help me rewrite the code to incorporate this customizable fin profile? Specifically, I need:

1.  A new module, perhaps named `fin_profile()`, that will define the 2D shape for the fin. For now, it can be a simple example, like a square or a star.  I can then modify the contents of `fin_profile()` to make whatever shape I like.
2.  A modification to the `betterfin()` module that takes the output of `fin_profile()` and uses it as the base shape for the linear extrusion and twisting.
3.  The rest of the design should remain the same. This means the core hub, beveled edge, central hole, the number of fins, the twisting, etc. should remain as is.
4. Make sure the fin is centered on the edge of the `trad` radius.
5. The code should be easy to understand and modify. Please also ensure it compiles, and the fin should be visible with reasonable default parameters.

I'm looking forward to your help!

[Assistant]
propellerimprovedfins.scad:
```
//Parametric propeller using an ellipse for the fin shape, twisted by an angle.
//There are probably better ways to do this.
//Creative Commons license.

fs=.2;   //.2 is good, 2 is for viewing, facet size
fa=4;	 //4 is decent, 12 is for viewing, deg per facet
fn=40;  //40 is good, 10 is for viewing
nslices=15; //15 is good, 5 is for viewing
trad=23.5; //outerradius not counting outw. 23.5 good
outw=1.5; //outerwidth. 1.5 is good
nfins=5; //number of fins. Min # is 2, but 3 is better
rins= 7; //radius of coupling thing, 5 is good
tdepth = 5; //depth of prop. reduce if nfins is big, 3 good
fangle = 60; //angle of fins, 60 is good for printing?
bevh = 2; // bevel height
tfin = 1; //thickness of fins, 1 is good
chrad = .4; //centering hole radius

module total(fs,fa,fn,nslices,trad,outw,nfins,rins,tdepth,fangle,bevh,tfin)
{  //.5, 4, 40, 12
$fs=fs;$fa=fa;$fn=fn;  //default $fs,$fa,$fn is 2,12,10,min facet size,deg.per facet,etc
module fin()
{union(){rotate([-fangle,0,0]){union() {
			cube([119, 119, tfin]);
				translate( [119,0,.5*tfin]){
rotate([0,-90,0]) cylinder (h=119,r=.5*tfin);}
}}};
}
module betterfin()
{
	rotate([90,0,90])
	linear_extrude(height=trad, center=false, convexity=10, twist=fangle, slices=nslices)
	scale([tfin/tdepth,1,1]) circle(r = tdepth);
}

union(){
	difference(){
		union(){
			sphere(r=rins);
			translate([0,0,-119]) cylinder(h=119,r=rins);
			difference(){
				translate([0,0,-14]) cylinder(h=15,r=trad+outw);
				translate([0,0,-15]) cylinder(h=17,r=trad);}
		}
		translate([0,0,-119-tdepth]) cylinder(h=119,r=trad+outw+119);
	}
	translate([0,0,1])
	difference(){
		translate([0,0,0]) cylinder(h=bevh, r1=trad+outw, r2=trad); //bevel
		translate([0,0,-10]) cylinder(h=119, r=trad);}
	intersection(){
		union(){for (i = [0:(nfins-1)]){rotate([0,0,360*i/nfins]) betterfin();}	}
		translate([0,0,-.5*119]) cylinder(h=119,r=trad);}
}
}

difference(){ //This difference is to add a centering hole
	difference(){total(fs,fa,fn,nslices,trad,outw,nfins,rins,tdepth,fangle,bevh,tfin);
		//Difference so that it will print nice. Otherwise it wouldn't.
		translate([0,0,-119-3]) cylinder(h=119,r=119);} //This is to trim it flat
	translate([0,0,-119]) cylinder(h=119,r=chrad);  //centering hole
}

```


[User]
Okay, I need an OpenSCAD file that can create an adapter, like a solid ring, with a variety of different shapes for the inner and outer perimeters.

Here's what I need:

The adapter should have a configurable overall height.

The outer shape should be selectable between a cylinder, a square, or a regular polygon. I need a parameter for the number of sides when I select a polygon.

The inner shape should also be selectable between a cylinder, a square, or a regular polygon, and have its own parameter for the number of sides when a polygon is chosen.

I need separate parameters for the diameters of the inner and outer shapes, regardless of whether they are circles, squares, or polygons. When a square is selected, the "diameter" refers to the length of its side. When a polygon is selected, the diameter should control the overall size of the bounding circle for the polygon.

Essentially, I want to be able to select any combination of cylinder/square/polygon for the inner and outer shapes and adjust their sizes.

Could you create a parametric OpenSCAD file for this? I don't need to use any fancy libraries, just basic OpenSCAD features are fine.

[Assistant]
adapter.scad:
```
//Outside Shape
outside_shape = 3; // [1:Cylinder, 2:Square, 3:Polygon]

//Inside Shape
inside_shape = 2; // [1:Cylinder, 2:Square, 3:Polygon]

//Outside Polygon sides
outside_polysides = 5; // [5:20]

//Inside Polygon sides
inside_polysides = 5; // [5:20]

//Height
height=8; // [5:50]

//Diameter of Inner Polygon
inside_diameter = 4;

//Diameter of Outer Polygon
outside_diameter = 8;

/* [Hidden] */
$fn=60;

	if (outside_shape == 1){
		if (inside_shape == 1){
			cyl_cyl();
		} else if (inside_shape == 2){
			cyl_squ();
		} else if (inside_shape == 3){
			cyl_poly();
		} else{
			cyl_cyl();
		}
	} else if (outside_shape == 2){
		if (inside_shape == 1){
			squ_cyl();
		} else if (inside_shape == 2){
			squ_squ();
		} else if (inside_shape == 3){
			squ_poly();
		} else{
			squ_cyl();
		}
	} else if (outside_shape == 3){
		if (inside_shape == 1){
			poly_cyl();
		} else if (inside_shape == 2){
			poly_squ();
		} else if (inside_shape == 3){
			poly_poly();
		} else{
			poly_cyl();
		}
	} else{
		cyl_cyl();
	}

//Cylinders

module cyl_cyl(){

	difference() {

		cylinder(height,outside_diameter/2,outside_diameter/2);
		cylinder(height,inside_diameter/2,inside_diameter/2);

	}

}

module cyl_squ(){

	difference() {

		cylinder(height,outside_diameter/2,outside_diameter/2,true);
		translate([-inside_diameter/2,-inside_diameter/2,-height/2])cube([inside_diameter,inside_diameter,height]);

	}

}

module cyl_poly(){

	difference() {

		cylinder(height,outside_diameter/2,outside_diameter/2);
		linear_extrude(height) circle(inside_diameter/2,$fn=inside_polysides);

	}

}

//Squares

module squ_cyl(){

	difference() {

		translate([-outside_diameter/2,-outside_diameter/2,0])cube([outside_diameter,outside_diameter,height]);
		cylinder(height,inside_diameter/2,inside_diameter/2);

	}

}

module squ_squ(){

	difference() {

		cube([outside_diameter,outside_diameter,height]);
		translate([outside_diameter/2 - inside_diameter/2,outside_diameter/2 - inside_diameter/2,0])cube([inside_diameter,inside_diameter,height]);

	}

}

module squ_poly(){

	difference() {

		translate([-outside_diameter/2,-outside_diameter/2,0])cube([outside_diameter,outside_diameter,height]);
		linear_extrude(height) circle(inside_diameter/2,$fn=inside_polysides);

	}

}

//Polygons

module poly_cyl(){

	difference() {

		linear_extrude(height) circle(outside_diameter/2,$fn=outside_polysides);
		cylinder(height,inside_diameter/2,inside_diameter/2);

	}

}

module poly_squ(){

	difference() {

		linear_extrude(height) circle(outside_diameter/2,$fn=outside_polysides);
		translate([-inside_diameter/2,-inside_diameter/2,0])cube([inside_diameter,inside_diameter,height]);

	}

}

module poly_poly(){

	difference() {

		linear_extrude(height) circle(outside_diameter/2,$fn=outside_polysides);
		linear_extrude(height) circle(inside_diameter/2,$fn=inside_polysides);

	}

}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a parametric oar hook for hanging oars on the wall. I have a basic design in mind, and I'd like the OpenSCAD file to be flexible enough to handle different oar sizes and desired hook angles.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

*   **Core Structure:** The hook should have a rounded, almost oval-shaped base that will mount flush against the wall. This should be created using two spheres and a `hull()` function, which would make a smooth curve. The spheres would be set apart from each other and joined by the hull function.
*   **Hook Arms:** There should be two hook arms extending from this base, one on each side. These arms should be angled upwards and slightly inwards to cradle the oar. I imagine these will be cylinders with a changing radius, getting narrower towards the end, capped by spheres.
*   **Parametric Dimensions:** I need the following parameters to be adjustable:
    *   **Screw Hole Radius (r):** The radius of the screw hole for mounting the hook.
    *   **Oar Width (w):** The width of the oar that the hook needs to accommodate. The rounded base is dependent on this parameter.
    *   **Hook Angle (a):** The angle at which the hook arms extend upwards from the base.
    *    **Inner Angle of Hook (i):** The angle that the arm makes when bent towards the center of the hook, should be symmetrical for both arms.
    *   **Hook Height (h):** The overall height of the hook arms.
    *   **Resolution (z):** Number of segments for circles and spheres.

*   **Mounting:** The hook needs a central screw hole for wall mounting, and the user should be able to adjust the radius of the screw hole (r). I would also like to include a small rectangular block (cube) in the back to ensure better stability. This block should be easily adjustable in the z direction.
*   **Open Source:** This design will be part of an open source project, and ideally, should be straightforward to modify or build upon. I would not like to include any dependencies aside from core OpenSCAD modules (no MCAD, BOSL etc).

Essentially, I need a parameterized OpenSCAD script that generates a robust oar hook with adjustable dimensions for different oar sizes, angles and other parameters as described above. The code should be well-commented, making it easier for others to understand and customize. I would like a simple and self contained script that does not use outside libraries.

[Assistant]
oar-hook.scad:
```
//Open-source oar hook

// Radius of screw hole
r=2; //[1:10]
//Width of oar
w=35; //[30:60]
//Angle of hook
a=15; //[5:45]
// Inner angle of hook
i=5; //[5:10]
// height of hook
h=35;
//resolution of render
z=60;

translate([0,0,-w*1/6])difference(){
union(){
hull() {
   translate([-w*3/4,0,0]) sphere(r=w/2, $fn=z);
    translate([w*3/4,0,0])sphere(r=w/2, $fn=z);
 }

rotate([-a,-i,0])union(){
translate([w*3/4,0,h/4])cylinder(h = h, r1 = w/4, r2 = w/8, center = false, $fn=z); //right hook
translate([w*3/4,0,h+h/4])sphere(r=w/8, $fn=z);
		}

rotate([-a,i,0])union(){
translate([-w*3/4,0,h/4])cylinder(h = h, r1 = w/4, r2 = w/8, center = false, $fn=z);//left hook
translate([-w*3/4,0,h+h/4])sphere(r=w/8, $fn=z);
		}

}
cylinder(h=w, r=r+1, center=true); //screw hole
translate([0,0,-w*1/3])cube([3*w,w,w], center=true);
}

//rotate([-a,0,0])%rotate([-a,0,0])
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a custom measuring cup system, something like what's described in the attached SCAD file, but with more flexibility and a few adjustments.

Essentially, it's a pair of measuring cups connected by a central "handle" or support structure. Here's what I'd like to control and how the system should behave:

**Core Features (Preserve these):**

*   **Two Cups:** There will always be two cups, one smaller (v0) and one larger (v1). The volume of each cup is the important parameter. I want to input the volumes in cubic millimeters, just like the example file.
*   **Spherical Cup Base:** Each cup should essentially be based on a sphere, with the open top defined by that sphere's curvature. The `radius(v)` function in the example file is perfect for computing the sphere radius from volume.
*   **Connecting Structure:** The two cups are connected by a central structure that provides support and acts as a handle of sorts. I liked the tribar concept from the example; it has an appealing look and should be reasonably strong.
*   **Wall Thickness:** I need a parameter to control the minimum wall thickness of the cups and connecting structure. There should also be an option to scale the wall thickness based on the radius of the largest cup. The wallscale parameter was a good idea.
*   **Overall Length:** The length of the connecting structure should be controlled by a parameter and must respect some kind of minimum, just like in the example.
*   **Easy Cleaning:** I'd like a design that avoids tight corners and difficult-to-clean crevices. The triangle connector (tribar) was a good idea in this respect.
*   **No Spatula**: the spatula module isn't needed.

**Requested Enhancements:**

1.  **Arbitrary Cup Shapes:** Instead of just spheres, I'd like the *option* to choose different shapes for the cup bases. I'm thinking of shapes like:
    *   **Sphere (current)**
    *   **Hemisphere:** A true half-sphere;
    *   **Paraboloid:** A parabolic cup shape;
    *   **Truncated Cone:** A cone that is cut off at some height so it still has a circular opening.

    The volume calculation should adjust depending on the cup shape. I think that the "radius(v)" calculation can be generalized to the specific shape (e.g. cone radius, parabolid parameter, etc).

2.  **Variable Cup Top Opening:** I want to be able to specify how much of the "sphere" (or other shape) is actually cut off to form the cup opening. Currently, the cups are a little more than hemispheres (and always the same). I'd like to define a parameter that controls, say, the opening radius *relative* to the base radius or specify a *cup height* instead of the entire radius.

3.  **Smoother Transitions:** The transition between the cup and support structure could be smoother if we had an option to use a fillet/round-over. Something like a small torus on the *inside* and *outside* corners at the transition from the cup to the connecting bars and/or pillars.

4.  **Parameter for Support Structure Type:**
    *   **Tribar:** The current triangular bar.
    *   **Cylindrical Bar:** A simple cylindrical bar would also work and be simpler.
    *   **Pillars:** Just have the support pillars and no connecting bar.
    *   **Combined** Cylindrical bar and support pillars.
    *   The thickness, length and size of this support should be adjustable.

5.  **Clearer Parameter Definitions:** The example code has `r0` and `r1` which are "specific global variables (l01 is derived)". It is very confusing to keep that as variables that are not part of the parameter interface. I prefer all parameters to be clearly separated from derived values.

6.  **More Control Over Support Pillars:** I would like an independent diameter for the support pillars (or maybe a scaling factor on the cup radius.) And perhaps an option to add an additional pillar.

7.  **Add units:** I'd prefer all parameters to clearly state their units (e.g. wall thickness in mm, etc.).

**Required Libraries:**

I would like to avoid any external dependencies other than the `standard` OpenSCAD library.

**In summary**, I need a parametric measuring cup system generator with:

*   Two cups with variable volumes (cubic mm) and shapes (sphere, hemisphere, paraboloid, truncated cone).
*   Adjustable cup top opening.
*   Adjustable wall thickness and the option to scale with the largest cup's radius.
*   An adjustable connector between the cups (tribar, cylinder, pillars, or combined).
*   A parameter for an optional fillet/round-over.
*   Control over support pillar size and additional pillars.

Can you create an OpenSCAD file with these features?

[Assistant]
Measuring-Cup-System.scad:
```

// 2013 Lukas Süss aka mechadense
// Measuring Cup Pairs

/*
Eiter use the common decimal fractions (in cubic mm):
A good sequence is:
(10,50);(20,100);(50,200);(100,500);
-(200,1k)-;-(500,2k)-;-(1k,5k)-;
(2k,10k);(5k,20k);(10k,50k);(20k;100k),(50k,200k)

Or use powers of three.
With those you need the least number of measuring cups
but calculating exact volumes gets cumbersome.
Good for ratios though.
A suggested base size sequence in cubic mm:
(10,30);(90,270); -(810,2430)- ;(7290,21870); (65610,196830)
*/

// known bugs:
// v1 is assumed > v0
// widening vertical connector hangs openscad for small volumes
// [1] r0 and r1 are specific global variables (l01 is derived)
// todo - thread those as parameters

// ### constants

pi=3.141592653*1;
s2 = sqrt(2);
function radius(v) = pow(3*(v)/(4*pi),1/3);

// ### parameters:

// first volume in cubic mm
v0 = 810;
// second volume in cubic mm (bigger than v0)
v1 = 2430;

// minimum stem length =40;
length = 60;

// minimum wall thickness
t = 1.25;
// add maximum too?
// wall-thickness to cup-diameter ratio
wallscale = 0.075;

// make an easy to clean triangular connection bar
tribar = true;

// make a fitting spatula
spatula = false;

// resolution - maximal angel per facet
$fa=4;
// resolution - minimal length per facet
$fs=0.2;

// ### calculated values

r0 = radius(v0*2);
r1 = radius(v1*2);

echo("choosen wallthickness is:",max(t,wallscale*r1));

l01 = max(length,r1/2);

//demo(); -- will not work yet due to bug [1]
module demo()
{
  cuppair(r0,r1,max(t,wallscale*r1));
  translate([0,50,0])
  cuppair(r2,r3,max(t,wallscale*r3));
}

//##########################################################
//##########################################################

//translate([40,30,0])cube([10,10,10]); // size estimation cube

if(spatula == false)
{
  cuppair(r0,r1,max(t,wallscale*r1));
}

//translate([0,+l01/2,0])
if(spatula){ spatula(1);}

module cuppair(r0,r1,t)
{
  lcc = r0+t+l01+t+r1;
  shift = (r1-r0)/2;
  difference()
  {
    union()
    {
      spherepair(r0,r1,t,t);
      supportpillars(r0,r1,t);

      if(tribar == false)
      {
        // vertical connector
        translate([-shift,0,(r1+t)/2])
        hull()
        {
          cube([lcc,t,r1+t],center=true);
          //cube([lcc,t*3,r1-t],center=true);
        }

        // horizontal connector ----- length not 100% correct (1cmm case)
        translate([-shift,0,t])
        hull()
        {
          cube([lcc,r0*s2,2*t],center=true);
          translate([0,0,+t/2])
          cube([lcc,(r0+t)*s2,t],center=true);
        }
      }
      if(tribar)
      {
        translate([-shift,0,0])
        difference()
        {
          tribar(lcc,(r0+t)*s2,t,0);
          tribar(lcc,(r0+t)*s2,t,t*1.5);
        }
      }
    }
    spherepair(r0,r1,0,t);
    translate([0,0,r1+t+r1+t/2])
    cube([8*l01,6*r1,2*r1+t],center=true);

    if(tribar==false)
    {
      // material savings
      hull()
      {
        translate([l01/2-(r0/2),0,r1+t]) rotate(90,[1,0,0])
        cylinder(r=r0/2,h=5*t,center=true);
        translate([-(l01/2-(r0/2)),0,r1+t]) rotate(90,[1,0,0])
        cylinder(r=r0/2,h=5*t,center=true);
      }
    }
  }
}

// s..additional shift outward
// t..wall thickness
module spherepair(ra,rb,s,t)
{
  translate([ra+t+l01/2,0,rb+t]) sphere(r=ra+s);
  translate([-(rb+t+l01/2),0,rb+t]) sphere(r=rb+s);
}
module supportpillars(ra,rb,t)
{
  translate([ra+t+l01/2,0,0])
  hull()
  {
    cylinder(r=(ra)/s2,h=t+r1);
    translate([0,0,t])
    cylinder(r=(ra+t)/s2,h=r1);
  }
  translate([-(rb+t+l01/2),0,0])
  hull()
  {
    cylinder(r=(rb)/s2,h=t+r1);
    translate([0,0,t])
    cylinder(r=(rb+t)/s2,h=r1);
  }
}

// l .. rod length
// w .. maximum width
// b .. bevelling hight
// s .. shiftin
module tribar(l,w,b,s)
{
  c = b/cos(30);
  rr = (w-c)/2/cos(30)-s;

  translate([0,0,(rr+s)*sin(30)])
  hull()
  {
    rotate(90,[0,1,0]) rotate(180*1,[0,0,1]) cylinder(r=rr,h=l,$fn=3,center=true);

    translate([0,+b*sin(30),b*cos(30)])
      rotate(90,[0,1,0]) rotate(180*1,[0,0,1]) cylinder(r=rr,h=l,$fn=3,center=true);

    translate([0,-b*sin(30),b*cos(30)])
      rotate(90,[0,1,0]) rotate(180*1,[0,0,1]) cylinder(r=rr,h=l,$fn=3,center=true);
  }
}

module spatula(clr)
{
  intersection()
  {
    hull()
    {
      translate([-l01/2,0,0]) sphere(r0-clr);
      translate([+l01/2,0,0]) sphere(r1-clr);
    }
    translate([0,0,t/2])
    cube([4*r1+l01,4*r1,t],center=true);
  }
}
```