[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a laser tube bracket for my CO2 laser, and I'd like to have it parameterized so I can easily adjust it for different tube sizes and mounting heights. I've got an example file that does most of what I want but it's a little clunky and I'd prefer to start fresh with a new file that has good parametric design.

The basic idea is to have a bracket that clamps the tube. The bracket should have a bottom piece, a top piece and a spacer. I'll need to be able to specify the tube diameter and the desired center height of the tube above the mounting surface. The code should then calculate the correct height of the spacer. The bottom piece of the bracket should be a block with mounting holes, plus a semi-circular clamp on top to hold the tube. The top piece should also be a semi-circular clamp. The spacer is just a block with holes that match the bottom piece.

I'd like to define the following parameters:

*   `Tube_Diameter`: The diameter of the laser tube (in mm).
*   `Tube_Center_Height`: The desired height of the center of the laser tube above the mounting surface (in mm).
*   `Part`: A string to choose between generating the "top", "bottom", or "spacer" part of the bracket.
*  `BlockWidth` : The width of the mounting block.
* `BlockLength` : The length of the mounting block.
* `HoleSpacing` : The spacing between mounting holes
* `LowerHoleLength` : The overall length of the mounting hole cutout.
* `LowerHoleWidth` : The width of the mounting hole cutout.
*  `UpperHoleLength` : The overall length of the countersink cutout.
*  `UpperHoleWidth` : The width of the countersink cutout.
* `HoleSeparationX` : Horizontal spacing of the holes in the mount.
* `HoleSeparationY`: Vertical spacing of the holes in the mount.
*   `RingThickness`: The thickness of the ring part of the clamp.
*   `RingWidth`: The width of the ring part of the clamp.
* `ScrewBlockWidth` : The width of the block holding the screw.
* `ScrewBlockHeight` : The height of the block holding the screw.
* `ScrewGap` : The gap between the screw block and the clamp ring.

The bottom and spacer pieces should have mounting holes. The bottom piece will have countersunk holes. The top clamp piece shouldn't have any mounting holes. I'd like to use the `hull()` operator and `cylinder()` operators to make the holes, similar to the example file.

Could you generate OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
tubeBracket.scad:
```
// Tube Bracket - Made by MakeWithLasers.com
// Sharing of this file outside of Thingiverse or without
// crediting MakeWithLasers.com is prohibited.

// Description: Creates a customized mount for a laser tube.

// All units are in mm.

// Tube diameter is the diameter of the tube.

// Tube center height tells how far above the mounting surface
// the center of the laser tube should be.  This is the height
// of the center of the first mirror.

// Part controls whether to build the top of the bracket, the
// bottom of the bracket, or a spacer.

// preview[view:south west, tilt:top]

// User-defined variables

//
Tube_Diameter = 55;

//
Tube_Center_Height = 72;

//
Part = "bottom"; // [top: Top of bracket,bottom: Bottom of bracket,spacer: Spacer]

// Internal variables
$fn = 60*1;
defaultBlockHeight = 8*1;
blockWidth = 40*1;
blockLength = 69*1;
holeSpaceing = 29*1;
lowerHoleLength = 12*1;
lowerHoleWidth = 5.5*1;
upperHoleLength = 14.5*1;
upperHoleWidth = 9*1;
holeSeparationX = 28*1;
holeSeparationY = 44.5*1;
ringThickness = 5*1;
ringWidth = 20*1;
screwBlockWidth = 8*1;
screwBlockHeight = 5*1;
screwBlockOffset = (Tube_Diameter/2 + ringThickness) - (Tube_Diameter/2+ringThickness)*cos(asin(screwBlockHeight/(Tube_Diameter/2+ringThickness)));
screwGap = 4*1;

// Construct model

module spacingBlock(blockHeight = defaultBlockHeight, topBlock = false) {
    // topBlock = false; Parameter to determine whether or not to countersink the top half for the screws
    // blockHeight = 8; Passed as parameter to allow different heights, which is needed for the top bracket.

    difference() {
        translate([-blockWidth/2,-blockLength/2,0]) {
            cube([blockWidth, blockLength, blockHeight]);
        }

        for (i = [0:1]) {
            for (j = [0:1]) {
                // Remove the smaller hole that goes all the way through
                translate([holeSeparationX/2*(1-2*i),holeSeparationY/2*(1-2*j),0]){
                    hull(){
                        translate([0,-(lowerHoleLength-lowerHoleWidth)/2,-blockHeight/2]) {
                            cylinder(blockHeight*2,d1=lowerHoleWidth,d2=lowerHoleWidth);
                            translate([0,lowerHoleLength-lowerHoleWidth,0]) {
                                cylinder(blockHeight*2,d1=lowerHoleWidth,d2=lowerHoleWidth);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (topBlock == true) { // Remove the larger hole (screwhead countersink area)
                    translate([holeSeparationX/2*(1-2*i),holeSeparationY/2*(1-2*j),0]){
                        hull(){
                            translate([0,-(upperHoleLength-upperHoleWidth)/2,blockHeight/2]) {
                                cylinder(blockHeight,d1=upperHoleWidth,d2=upperHoleWidth);
                                translate([0,upperHoleLength-upperHoleWidth,0]) {
                                    cylinder(blockHeight,d1=upperHoleWidth,d2=upperHoleWidth);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module bottomTubeBracket() {
    spacingBlockHeight = (Tube_Center_Height - (Tube_Diameter/2)) - defaultBlockHeight*floor((Tube_Center_Height - (Tube_Diameter/2)) / defaultBlockHeight) <= max(defaultBlockHeight/2,ringThickness) ? (Tube_Center_Height - (Tube_Diameter/2)) - (defaultBlockHeight)*(floor((Tube_Center_Height - (Tube_Diameter/2)) / defaultBlockHeight)-1) : (Tube_Center_Height - (Tube_Diameter/2)) - defaultBlockHeight*floor((Tube_Center_Height - (Tube_Diameter/2)) / defaultBlockHeight);

    echo(str("SpacingBlockHeight=",spacingBlockHeight));
    union() {
        spacingBlock(spacingBlockHeight,true);
        translate([0,0,spacingBlockHeight+Tube_Diameter/2]) {
            rotate([0,90,0]) {
                difference() {
                    union() {
                        cylinder(ringWidth,d1=Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness,d2=Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness,center=true);
                        translate([(Tube_Diameter/2+ringThickness)-Tube_Diameter/4,0,0]) {
                            cube([Tube_Diameter/2,Tube_Diameter,ringWidth-2],true);
                        }

                        for (i = [0:1]) {
                            translate([screwBlockHeight/2,(1-2*i)*(Tube_Diameter/2+ringThickness+screwBlockWidth/2-screwBlockOffset),0]){
                                difference() {
                                    cube([screwBlockHeight,screwBlockWidth,ringWidth],center=true);
                                    rotate([0,90,0]) {
                                        cylinder(screwBlockHeight*2,d1=4.5,d2=4.5,center=true);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }

                    }
                    cylinder(ringWidth*2,d1=Tube_Diameter,d2=Tube_Diameter,center=true);
                    translate([-(Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness)/4,0,0]) {
                        cube([(Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness)/2,(Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness),ringWidth*4],true);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module topTubeBracket() {

        translate([0,0,ringWidth/2]){
            union(){
                for (i = [0:1]) {
                    translate([-screwBlockHeight/2,(1-2*i)*(Tube_Diameter/2+ringThickness+screwBlockWidth/2-screwBlockOffset),0]){
                        difference() {
                            cube([screwBlockHeight,screwBlockWidth,ringWidth],center=true);
                            rotate([0,90,0]) {
                                cylinder(screwBlockHeight*2,d1=4.5,d2=4.5,center=true);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                difference() {
                    cylinder(ringWidth,d1=Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness,d2=Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness,center=true);
                    cylinder(ringWidth*2,d1=Tube_Diameter,d2=Tube_Diameter,center=true);
                    translate([(Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness)/4,0,0]) {
                        cube([(Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness)/2,(Tube_Diameter+2*ringThickness),ringWidth*4],true);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
}

if (Part == "bottom") {
    bottomTubeBracket();
} else if (Part == "top") {
    topTubeBracket();
} else {
    spacingBlock();
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create some customizable door numbers and letters that I can 3D print. I've done a little bit of OpenSCAD before and I have a basic idea of what I want, but I could use some help getting the design into a parametric file. I'd like to be able to specify the letter or number to be displayed, the font, the size of the text, the thickness of the extrusion, and whether or not to include screw holes with countersinks. The screw holes should be positioned appropriately for each letter or number, but should ideally be adjustable.

I'd prefer it if the design had the following features:
*   **Font:** I'd like to use "Liberation Mono" as the default font but be able to specify other fonts.
*   **Letter Size:** The letter height should be adjustable and the letter size/width should scale with the height (rather than a separate dimension).
*   **Letter Height:** I'd like to specify the extrusion height.
*   **Hole Diameter:** The diameter of the screw holes should be adjustable.
*  **Countersink Diameter:** The diameter of the countersink should be adjustable.
*   **Scale Factor:** The taper of the letters should be adjustable, starting at the full size and tapering down at the top.
*   **Smoothness:** The smoothness of the letter curves should be adjustable via the `$fn` variable, I think.
*   **Holes:** I'd like a boolean variable to turn the screw holes on or off. The holes should be created as a difference to the letter.

I need to support numbers 0-9, as well as uppercase and lowercase 'A' and 'B' at a minimum, but support for other letters would be great if it's not too difficult. The countersink should be fairly shallow, so something that's a few mm tall is fine.

I think that's all the details, let me know if I've missed anything important. I'd like the result to be a single file that contains all of the logic, not separate files.

[Assistant]
door_number.scad:
```
// door_number.scad

echo(version=version());

font2 = "Liberation Mono";

letter_size = 100;
letter_height = 4;
hole_dia = 3.8;			//hole diameter
c_sink_dia = 6.6;		//countersink diameter
scale_factor = 0.95;	//amount of taper
smoothness = 32;		//smoothness of curves on numbers
holes = 0;		//0=false, 1=true

//NB if you change the font or the letter size you
//will need to reposition the holes.

letter = 9;

difference()
{

	union(){
		draw_letter(letter);
	}

	union(){
		if(letter == 0)
		{
			c_sink(0, 40.5);
			c_sink(0, -38.5);
		}
		if(letter == 1)
		{
			c_sink(6, 40);
			c_sink(6, -38);
		}
		if(letter == 2)
		{
			c_sink(0, 40.5);
			c_sink(0, -38.5);
		}
		if(letter == 3)
		{
			c_sink(0, 41.5);
			c_sink(0, -39.5);
		}
		if(letter == 4)
		{
			c_sink(16, 40);
			c_sink(16, -38);
		}
		if(letter == 5)
		{
			c_sink(0, 41);
			c_sink(0, -38.5);
		}
		if(letter == 6)
		{
			c_sink(0, 40.5);
			c_sink(0, -38.5);
		}
		if(letter == 7)
		{
			c_sink(-5.5, 41);
			c_sink(-5.5, -38);
		}
		if(letter == 8)
		{
			c_sink(0, 41.5);
			c_sink(0, -39.5);
		}
		if(letter == 9)
		{
			c_sink(0, 41.5);
			c_sink(0, -39);
		}
	}
}

module draw_letter(l) {
  // Use linear_extrude() to make the letters 3D objects as they
  // are only 2D shapes when only using text()
  linear_extrude(height = letter_height, scale = scale_factor) {
    text(str(l), size = letter_size, font = font2, halign = "center", valign = "center", $fn = smoothness);
  }
}
module c_sink(x, y) {
    if(holes==1)
	{
		translate([x, y, 0])
        cylinder(letter_height, hole_dia/2, hole_dia/2, center = false);
        translate([x, y, letter_height-3])
        cylinder(3, c_sink_dia/2-3, c_sink_dia/2, center = false);
	}
}

```
door_number.scad:
```
// door_number.scad

echo(version=version());

font2 = "Liberation Mono";

letter_size = 100;
letter_height = 4;
hole_dia = 3.8;			//hole diameter
c_sink_dia = 6.6;		//countersink diameter
scale_factor = 0.95;	//amount of taper
smoothness = 32;		//smoothness of curves on numbers
holes = true;

//NB if you change the font or the letter size you
//will need to reposition the holes.

letter = "a";

difference()
{
	letter(letter);

	union(){
		if(letter == "0")
		{
			c_sink(0, 40.5);
			c_sink(0, -38.5);
		}
		if(letter == "1")
		{
			c_sink(6, 40);
			c_sink(6, -38);
		}
		if(letter == "2")
		{
			c_sink(0, 40.5);
			c_sink(0, -38.5);
		}
		if(letter == "3")
		{
			c_sink(0, 41.5);
			c_sink(0, -39.5);
		}
		if(letter == "4")
		{
			c_sink(16, 40);
			c_sink(16, -38);
		}
		if(letter == "5")
		{
			c_sink(0, 41);
			c_sink(0, -38.5);
		}
		if(letter == "6")
		{
			c_sink(0, 40.5);
			c_sink(0, -38.5);
		}
		if(letter == "7")
		{
			c_sink(-5.5, 41);
			c_sink(-5.5, -38);
		}
		if(letter == "8")
		{
			c_sink(0, 41.5);
			c_sink(0, -39.5);
		}
		if(letter == "9")
		{
			c_sink(0, 41.5);
			c_sink(0, -39);
		}
		if(letter == "a")
		{
			c_sink(15, 28);
			c_sink(-15, -30);
		}
		if(letter == "A")
		{
			c_sink(1.5, 40.5);
			c_sink(0, -13.5);
		}
		if(letter == "b")
		{
			c_sink(10, 20);
			c_sink(10, -42.5);
		}
		if(letter == "B")
		{
			c_sink(0, 40);
			c_sink(0, -38);
		}
		}
}

module letter(l) {
  // Use linear_extrude() to make the letters 3D objects as they
  // are only 2D shapes when only using text()
  linear_extrude(height = letter_height, scale = scale_factor) {
    text(l, size = letter_size, font = font2, halign = "center", valign = "center", $fn = smoothness);
  }
}
module c_sink(x, y) {
    if(holes==true)
	{
		translate([x, y, 0])
        cylinder(letter_height, hole_dia/2, hole_dia/2, center = false);
        translate([x, y, letter_height-3])
        cylinder(3, c_sink_dia/2-3, c_sink_dia/2, center = false);
	}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable hole calibration tool. I want it to have a series of holes, each a little bigger than the last, and I'd like the diameter of each hole clearly printed next to it. I've seen some on Thingiverse, but none have the sizes printed, which makes reusing them kind of a pain.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm after:

*   **Hole Progression:**
    *   There should be a starting hole size (`min_size`).
    *   Each subsequent hole should increase in size by a set amount (`size_step`).
    *   The total number of holes should be a variable (`num_steps`).
*   **Base Plate:**
    *   The holes should be on a base plate of a given thickness (`thing_height`).
*   **Spacing:**
    *   There should be a margin of space between the edges of adjacent holes (`margin_between_holes`).
    *   There should be a margin around the entire thing, both the holes and text (`margin_outside`).
    *   There should also be a margin between the holes and the text (`margin_text`).
*   **Text:**
    *   The diameter of each hole should be printed next to it.
    *   The text should be engraved to a given depth (`text_depth`).
*   **Text Positioning**:
    *   The text should start with the baseline adjacent to the lower side of the circle.
    *   The text should be on the same side for all circles.
    *   The text's font should be controllable by the user, and I'd like to use the `write()` module from the `Write.scad` library.
*   **Size Calculation**
     * I realize that text can sometimes run off the edge of the baseplate, so maybe include an extra variable that we can adjust by hand to compensate, `extra_space_for_text`.
* **OpenSCAD:**
    * I'd like this to be done in OpenSCAD.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I'd like to have it be easy to adjust the variables later, so make sure they're all at the top.

[Assistant]
holecalibrator.scad:
```
use <write/Write.scad>

// Size of the first hole
min_size = 8;

// size increment for each hole
size_step = 1.105;

// number of holes
num_steps = 9;

// height of the base plate
thing_height = 2;

// distance between the edges of consecutive holes
margin_between_holes = 3;

// around the holes and the text
margin_outside = 3;

// between text and holes
margin_text = 2;

// cut depth of text engraving
text_depth = 0.5;

// the size is auto-determined by a heuristic that may fail. If text falls of, manually increase this
extra_space_for_text = 0;

space_for_text = min_size*len(str(size_step*(num_steps-1)));
max_size = min_size+size_step*(num_steps-1);
last_center = (num_steps-1)*size_step + (num_steps-1)/2*(2*min_size+((num_steps-1)-2)*(size_step)) + (num_steps-1)*margin_between_holes; // substiture (num_steps-1) for i in dx below
width = last_center + min_size/2 + max_size/2;

difference(){
	$fn=50;
    translate([-max_size/2-margin_outside,-margin_outside-min_size/2,0])
    cube([max_size+2*margin_outside+extra_space_for_text+space_for_text,2*margin_outside+width,thing_height]);

    for(i=[0:num_steps-1]) {
        sz = min_size+size_step*i; // diameter of this hole
        dx = i*size_step + i/2*(2*min_size+(i-2)*(size_step)) + i*margin_between_holes; // distance from 0 to center of this circle
        translate([0,dx,-1])
        cylinder(r=sz/2,h=thing_height+2);

        translate([max_size/2+margin_text,dx-min_size/2/*for baseline adjustment*/,thing_height-text_depth+0.01])
        write(str(sz),h=0.9*min_size,t=text_depth,font="orbitron.dxf");

    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I need help creating an OpenSCAD design for a hair shield that fits over a sink drain. I have some basic code I threw together, but I want to make it more robust and parametric from the ground up.

The basic shape I’m looking for is a dome with a flat base that can sit on the sink bottom. The dome should have lots of holes in it to allow water to drain easily while catching hair. Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **`base_length_from_dome`**: This controls how far the flat base extends out from the edge of the dome, and I'd like to be able to set it to zero, creating a simple dome.
*   **`dome_outside_diameter`**: The diameter of the dome. This will determine the overall size of the shield.
*   **`hole_diameter`**: The diameter of the holes in the dome and base.
*   **`hole_separation_multiplier`**: This will be multiplied by the `hole_diameter` to determine the spacing between the holes. I think it would work best if the holes were spaced in a grid pattern.
*   **`thickness`**: The thickness of the dome and the base.

The height of the dome should be half the `dome_outside_diameter`, minus the `thickness` of the dome itself. The holes should extend all the way through both the dome and the base. The base should be a simple ring extending out from the base of the dome and should be circular.

I'd like it all in one .scad file that I can easily modify. I'm not sure what libraries might be useful for this, but I'm open to suggestions!

[Assistant]
dome_hair_shield.scad:
```
// Dome Hair Shield
// by Kevin McCormack
// harlemsquirrel@gmail.com
// https://www.thingiverse.com/HarlemSquirrel/

base_length_from_dome = 5; // [0:20]
dome_outside_diameter = 50; // [10:90]
hole_diameter = 2; // [1.0:0.1:5.0]
hole_separation_multiplier = 2.5; // [1.5:0.1:3]
thickness = 1; // [0.5:0.1:3]

module base() {
  linear_extrude(thickness)
    difference() {
      circle(d=(dome_outside_diameter + base_length_from_dome*2));
      circle(d=dome_outside_diameter - thickness);
    }
}

module cutouts() {
  holes_distance = hole_diameter * hole_separation_multiplier;
  start = dome_outside_diameter/2 + base_length_from_dome;
  for(x_offset = [-(start):holes_distance:(start)],
      y_offset = [-(start):holes_distance:(start)]) {
    translate([x_offset, y_offset, -2]) cylinder(d=hole_diameter, h=dome_outside_diameter/1.5);
  }
}

module dome() {
  difference() {
    sphere(d=dome_outside_diameter);
    sphere(d=dome_outside_diameter - thickness*2);
    translate([0, 0, -(dome_outside_diameter/2 + 1)]) cube(dome_outside_diameter + 2, center=true);
  }
}

difference() {
  union() {
    dome();
    if (base_length_from_dome > 0) {
      base();
    }
  }
  cutouts();
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to design a coin sorter, and I'm hoping you can help me out with the OpenSCAD code. I've got some measurements for US coins (dime, penny, nickel, quarter) and a basic idea of how I want it to work, but I need to make it parametric so I can adjust the tolerances and dimensions easily.

Basically, the sorter will have two main parts: a top piece with coin-sized holes and a bottom piece where the coins will fall into their respective slots. I want the top to have a sloped surface that guides the coins to the holes, which will be ordered from smallest to largest diameter (dime, then penny, then nickel, then quarter). Each hole should have a bit of extra space around the coin diameter to ensure they fall through, and I want that space to be adjustable via a "tolerance" parameter.

The top piece should have a kind of "brick" structure around the coin holes, to act as a sort of railing, and a sloped bottom that forces the coins into each hole one at a time. I was thinking the sloped part could be achieved using some rotated cubes. The bottom piece should have corresponding holes to allow each of the coins to pass through as well and should probably be slightly less tall than the top piece. I also need to be able to adjust the overall height and width of the sorter.

I also think it would be good if I could specify the height of the "railing" on the top part.

I want to be able to print the top and bottom pieces separately, and maybe even test print just one of the coin holes, so it would be good if each of the modules was clearly defined and easily adjusted.

For coin diameters, use these:
*   Dime: 17.91mm
*   Penny: 19.00mm
*   Nickel: 21.21mm
*   Quarter: 24.26mm

And for thicknesses:
*   Dime: 1.35mm
*   Penny: 1.52mm
*   Nickel: 1.95mm
*   Quarter: 1.75mm

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file for this design? I'd be great if it used the BOSL2 library.

[Assistant]
coinsorter_v2.scad:
```
$fn = 400;

tolerance = 1;

!Top();
Bottom();

module Top(){
    difference(){
        union(){
            CutNegatives();
            SurroundingBrick();
        }
        union(){
            translate([-50,-50,120])
            cube([200,100,50]);
        }
    }
    module SurroundingBrick(){
        difference(){
            translate([-40, -((24.26 + 8)/2), 0])
            cube([24.26+17.91+19+21.21+7+44, 24.26 + 8,200]);
            BLAH();
        }
        Railing();
        module Railing(){
            difference(){
                union(){
                    translate([-40, -((24.26 + 8)/2), 0])
                    cube([24.26+17.91+19+21.21+7+44, 24.26 + 8,125]);
                }
                BLAH1();
            }
            difference(){
                translate([24.26+17.91+19+21.21+7+4-1.5,-((24.26 + 8)/2),0])
                cube([1.5, 24.26 + 8, 29]);
                rotate([0,40,0])
                translate([-200,-25,80])
                cube([500,50,200]);
            }
            module BLAH1(){
                translate([0,0,-1])
                cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
                translate([((17.91+tolerance+4)),0,-1])
                cylinder(r = (19+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
                translate([((17.91+19+tolerance+10)),0,-1])
                cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
                translate([((17.91+19+21.21+tolerance+16)),0,-1])
                cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
                rotate([0,40,0])
                translate([-200,-25,80])
                cube([500,50,200]);
                rotate([0,40,0])
                translate([-200,-((24.26 + 3)/2),70])
                cube([500,24.26 + 3,200]);
            }
        }
        module BLAH(){
            translate([0,0,-1])
            cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
            translate([((17.91+tolerance+4)),0,-1])
            cylinder(r = (19+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
            translate([((17.91+19+tolerance+10)),0,-1])
            cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
            translate([((17.91+19+21.21+tolerance+16)),0,-1])
            cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
            rotate([0,40,0])
            translate([-200,-25,70])
            cube([500,50,200]);
        }
    }
    module CutNegatives(){
        difference(){
            translate([0,0,5])
            negativecoins();

            rotate([0,40,0])
            translate([-75,-25,70])
            cube([200,50,100]);
        }
        module negativecoins(){
            negativeDime();
            negativePenny();
            negativeNickel();
            negativeQuarter();

            module negativeDime(){
                difference(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance+2)/2, h = 100);
                    dime();
                }

                module dime(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance)/2, h = 1000,center = true);
                }
                module penny(){
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance)/2, h = 1.52, center = true);
                }
                module nickel(){
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance)/2, h = 1.95, center = true);
                }
                module quarter(){
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance)/2, h = 1.75, center = true);
                }
            }
            module negativePenny(){
                difference(){
                    translate([((17.91+tolerance+4)),0,0])
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance+2)/2, h = 100);
                    translate([((17.91+tolerance+4)),0,0])
                    penny();
                }

                module dime(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance)/2, h = 1.35, center = true);
                }
                module penny(){
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance)/2, h = 1000, center = true);
                }
                module nickel(){
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance)/2, h = 1.95, center = true);
                }
                module quarter(){
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance)/2, h = 1.75, center = true);
                }
            }
            module negativeNickel(){
                difference(){
                    translate([((17.91+19+tolerance+10)),0,0])
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance+2)/2, h = 100);
                    translate([((17.91+19+tolerance+10)),0,0])
                    nickel();
                }

                module dime(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance)/2, h = 1.35, center = true);
                }
                module penny(){
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance)/2, h = 1.52, center = true);
                }
                module nickel(){
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance)/2, h = 1000, center = true);
                }
                module quarter(){
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance)/2, h = 1.75, center = true);
                }
            }
            module negativeQuarter(){
                difference(){
                    translate([((17.91+19+21.21+tolerance+16)),0,0])
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance+2)/2, h = 100);
                    translate([((17.91+19+21.21+tolerance+16)),0,0])
                    quarter();
                }

                module dime(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance)/2, h = 1.35, center = true);
                }
                module penny(){
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance)/2, h = 1.52, center = true);
                }
                module nickel(){
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance)/2, h = 1.95, center = true);
                }
                module quarter(){
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance)/2, h = 1000, center = true);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
module Bottom(){
    difference(){
        CutNegatives();
        Windows();
    }
    module Windows(){
        y = 50;
        x = 5;
        z = 80;
        translate([-(x/2),-((y)/2),((95-z)/2)])
        cube([x,y,z]);
        translate([(17.91+tolerance+2),-((y)/2),((95-z)/2)])
        cube([x,y,z]);
        translate([17.91+19+tolerance+8,-((y)/2),((95-z)/2)])
        cube([x,y,z]);
        translate([(17.91+19+21.21+tolerance+14),-((y)/2),((95-z)/2)])
        cube([x,y,z]);
    }
    module CutNegatives(){
            negativecoins();
        module negativecoins(){
            negativeDime();
            negativePenny();
            negativeNickel();
            negativeQuarter();
            difference(){
                y = 10;
                translate([-40,-((y)/2),0])
                cube([120,y,95]);
                BLAH2();
            }

            module negativeDime(){
                difference(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance+2)/2, h = 100);
                    translate([0,0,505])
                    dime();
                }

                module dime(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance)/2, h = 1000,center = true);
                }
                module penny(){
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance)/2, h = 1.52, center = true);
                }
                module nickel(){
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance)/2, h = 1.95, center = true);
                }
                module quarter(){
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance)/2, h = 1.75, center = true);
                }
            }
            module negativePenny(){
                difference(){
                    translate([((17.91+tolerance+4)),0,0])
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance+2)/2, h = 100);
                    translate([((17.91+tolerance+4)),0,505])
                    penny();
                }

                module dime(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance)/2, h = 1.35, center = true);
                }
                module penny(){
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance)/2, h = 1000, center = true);
                }
                module nickel(){
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance)/2, h = 1.95, center = true);
                }
                module quarter(){
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance)/2, h = 1.75, center = true);
                }
            }
            module negativeNickel(){
                difference(){
                    translate([((17.91+19+tolerance+10)),0,0])
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance+2)/2, h = 100);
                    translate([((17.91+19+tolerance+10)),0,505])
                    nickel();
                }

                module dime(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance)/2, h = 1.35, center = true);
                }
                module penny(){
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance)/2, h = 1.52, center = true);
                }
                module nickel(){
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance)/2, h = 1000, center = true);
                }
                module quarter(){
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance)/2, h = 1.75, center = true);
                }
            }
            module negativeQuarter(){
                difference(){
                    translate([((17.91+19+21.21+tolerance+16)),0,0])
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance+2)/2, h = 100);
                    translate([((17.91+19+21.21+tolerance+16)),0,505])
                    quarter();
                }

                module dime(){
                    cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance)/2, h = 1.35, center = true);
                }
                module penny(){
                    cylinder(r = (19+tolerance)/2, h = 1.52, center = true);
                }
                module nickel(){
                    cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance)/2, h = 1.95, center = true);
                }
                module quarter(){
                    cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance)/2, h = 1000, center = true);
                }
            }
            module BLAH2(){
            translate([0,0,-1])
            cylinder(r = (17.91+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
            translate([((17.91+tolerance+4)),0,-1])
            cylinder(r = (19+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
            translate([((17.91+19+tolerance+10)),0,-1])
            cylinder(r = (21.21+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
            translate([((17.91+19+21.21+tolerance+16)),0,-1])
            cylinder(r = (24.26+tolerance+2)/2, h = 1000);
            y = 50;
            z = 80;
            translate([-35,-((y)/2),((95-z)/2)])
            cube([20,y,z]);
            }
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric ball bearing finger cap, similar to the design described [here](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2319653), but I want it completely from scratch. I've attached a SCAD file as an example, `customizable_bearing_caps_with_finger_pit.scad`, but I really need a fresh approach.

Here's what I need the design to do:

*   **Core Functionality:** The design should create a finger cap that fits snugly onto a standard ball bearing. The cap should have a cylindrical shaft that fits into the bearing's inner race and a wider top that provides a comfortable finger surface.
*   **Parametric Design:** Everything should be parametric and adjustable through variables. Key parameters should include:
    *   `d_in`: Inner diameter of the bearing (shaft diameter of the cap).
    *   `d_cap`: Outer diameter of the cap.
    *   `h_bearing`: Height (thickness) of the bearing.
    *   `t_cap`: Thickness of the top part of the cap.
    *   `number_of_caps`: Number of caps to generate in a grid (for printing multiple at once).
    *   `falsework`:  Option to create falsework (support material) around each cap, plus a brim.
    *   `tolerance`: A tolerance value (negative for a snug fit) between the shaft diameter and the bearing inner diameter.
    *   `slot`: Boolean to create slots (through the bearing shaft).

*   **Features:**
    *   The cap should have a chamfer at the bottom of the shaft.
    *   The top surface should have a concave "finger pit".
    *   The falsework should have support connectors, with parameters for connector spacing and material width.

*   **Output:** The design should output a single `scad` file that generates the 3D models based on the given parameters. The file should be well commented and use reasonable variable names. The caps are arrayed in a grid, so that number_of_caps is taken as close to a square array as possible.

*   **Libraries:** I think we should avoid custom libraries for this. We will assume any functions we use will be vanilla OpenSCAD.

Could you please generate that?

[Assistant]
customizable_bearing_caps_with_finger_pit.scad:
```
// -*- mode: SCAD ; c-file-style: "ellemtel" ; coding: utf-8 -*-
//
// Comfy spinner (bearing) caps with falsework
//
// Copyright 2017-- 2018 Roland Sieker <ospalh@gmail.com>
// Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
// Remix of bda's "Customizable comfy spinner caps. Cap for any bearing.", https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2319653

// Inner (shaft) diameter of the bearing. (Sizes are in mm)
d_in   = 5;  // [5:0.1:30]
// Diameter of the cap. Match this to the bearing outer diameter, with or without gap
d_cap  = 9.5;  // [5:0.1:40]
// Thickness of the bearing. The cap shaft will be short enough to fit in two.
h_bearing = 5;  // [2:0.1:20]
// thickness of the top part of the cap
t_cap  = 2; // [1:0.1:5]

//
number_of_caps   = 4; // [1:36]
// Create falsework and brim
falsework=1; // [1:Falsework and brim, 0: No falsework only cap]

module dummy_mod()
{
   // Stop the thingiverse customizer
}

tau = 2 * PI;

// tolerance > 0 for snug fit
o     = -0.05;
// true for slot
slot  = true;

nozzle = 0.4;
layer  = 0.2;
t_nof = 3 * layer;  // no fillet for a bit
r_fillet = t_cap - t_nof;

stem_height = 0.45;  // as part of bearing height

per_per = 8;  // Period of how many nozzle sizes per support connector
per_mat = 2.5;  // How much of that is filled with material

h_stem = h_bearing * stem_height;

r_in_e = d_in/2 + o;
r_cap = d_cap/2;

pit_depth   = 0.6*t_cap;
r_pit_sphere = 2.5*(r_cap-r_fillet);  // This is a bit hand-waved.

$fn   = 70;
ms  = 0.01; // Muggeseggele

w_rim  = 1.6;  // width of rim
t_rim  = 0.6;              // height of rim

m     = ceil(sqrt(number_of_caps));
n     = ceil(number_of_caps/m);
lrc = n - ((n*m)-number_of_caps);

w_chamfer = 0.6; // chamfer width
w_slot = 0.6; // slot width
spacing = 2.5;  // Spacing
brim = 2.5;

many_caps();

module many_caps()
{
   if (m>1)
   {
   for(x=[0:m-2])
   {
      for(y=[0:n-1])
      {
         translate([x*(d_cap+spacing),y*(d_cap+spacing),0]) comfy_cap();
      }
   }
   }
   xl = m-1;
   for (yl=[0:lrc-1])
   {
      translate([xl*(d_cap+spacing),yl*(d_cap+spacing),0])
      {
         comfy_cap();
      }
   }

}

module comfy_cap()
{
   difference()
   {
      plain_cap();
      if(slot)
      {
         translate([-w_slot/2,-r_in_e-ms,-ms])
         {
            cube([w_slot,2*r_in_e+2*ms,h_stem+ms]);
         }
         translate([-r_in_e-ms,-w_slot/2,-ms])
         {
            cube([2*r_in_e+2*ms,w_slot,h_stem+ms]);
         }
      }
   }
   if(falsework)
   {
      falsework_(2*r_cap,h_stem+t_rim);
      if (r_cap > 8)
      {
         falsework_(r_cap + w_rim + r_in_e,h_stem+t_rim);
      }
      falsework_(2*r_in_e+2*w_rim,h_stem);
      difference()
      {
         cylinder(r=r_cap+brim,h=layer,$fn=30);
         translate([0,0,-ms])
         {
            cylinder(r=r_in_e+w_rim, h=layer+2*ms,$fn=30);
         }
      }
   }
}

module plain_cap()
{
   stem_poly = [
      [0, 0],
      [r_in_e-w_chamfer, 0],
      [r_in_e, w_chamfer],
      [r_in_e, h_stem],
      [r_in_e+w_rim, h_stem],
      [r_in_e+w_rim, h_stem+t_rim],
      [r_cap, h_stem+t_rim],
      [r_cap, h_stem+t_rim+t_nof],
      [0, h_stem+t_rim+t_nof],
      [0, 0]
      ];
   difference()
   {
      union()
      {
         rotate_extrude()
         {
            polygon(stem_poly);
         }
         translate([0, 0, h_stem+t_rim+t_nof])
         {
            difference()
            {
               union()
               {
                  cylinder(r=r_cap-r_fillet, h=r_fillet);
                  rotate_extrude()
                  {
                     translate([r_cap-r_fillet, 0])
                     {
                        circle(r=r_fillet);
                     }
                  }
               }
               translate([0, 0, -1.1*r_cap])
               {
               cylinder(r=1.1*r_cap,h=r_cap*1.1);
               }
            }
         }
      }
      translate([0, 0, r_pit_sphere+h_stem+t_rim+t_cap-pit_depth])
      {
         sphere(r=r_pit_sphere,$fn=360);
      }
   }
}

module falsework_(d,h)
{
   r = d/2;
   r_s = r - nozzle*1.4;
   c = r * tau;
   cons = floor(c / (per_per * nozzle));
   step = 360 / cons;

   difference()
   {
      cylinder(d=d, h=h-2*layer,$fn=30);
      translate([0,0,-ms])
      {
         cylinder(d=d-2*nozzle*1.1,h=h-2*layer+2*ms,$fn=30);
      }
   }
   for (a=[0:step:360])
   {
      rotate([0,0,-a])
      {
         translate([r_s, 0, h-2*layer])
         {
            cube([nozzle*1.4,nozzle*per_mat,2*layer]);
         }
      }
   }
}

```


[User]
I need a parametric test block generator for my 3D printer, but I want it to be more flexible than the one I'm currently using. I'd like to be able to create test blocks of different shapes, not just cubes, and also to easily add holes (bores) of various shapes through different axes.

Specifically, I want the following features:

**Base Shapes:**

*   **Cuboid:**  Adjustable width, depth, height, and corner fillet radius.
*   **Cylinder:** Adjustable base and top diameters, plus height.
*   **Pyramid:**  Adjustable number of sides, side length, and height.
*   **Prism:** Adjustable number of sides, side length, and height.
*   **Ellipsoid:** Adjustable diameters along the X, Y, and Z axes.
*   **Torus:** Adjustable major and minor radii.

**Bores (Holes):**

*   The ability to add bores along the X, Y, and Z axes independently.
*   For each bore, I want to be able to choose if the bore should be a:
    *   Cylinder with adjustable diameter.
    *   Prism with adjustable diameter and number of sides.
*   I'd like the bores to go all the way through the object, or be automatically adjusted to go a little bit further than the object’s boundaries.

**Other:**

*   Adjustable resolution (number of segments used for curved surfaces).
*   All dimensions should have a minimum value to prevent errors when printing.

I’d like to be able to configure all of this using the Thingiverse Customizer interface. Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for this? I don't need any specific libraries to be used, just vanilla OpenSCAD.

[Assistant]
parametric_test_block_0.2.scad:
```
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Title:        Parametric Test Block
// Version:      1.2
// Release Date: 2018-07-28 (ISO 8601)
// Author:       Rohin Gosling
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
//
// Description:
//
// - Simple 3D object generator, to generate test and calibration parts for 3D printers.
//
// Release Notes:
//
// - Version 1.1
//   * Removed extended ASCII characters to make the source code compatible with the UTF-8 encoding required by the Thingiverse Customizer.
//
// - Version 1.0
//   * Model created.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Constants:
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

// System constants.

C_CONSTANT = 0 + 0;     // Used to hide constant values from Thingiverse. Add to other constants to hide them as well.

// General constants.

C_NONE = C_CONSTANT + 0;

// SCG constants.

SCG_OVERLAP = C_CONSTANT + 0.01;    // Used for overlapping Boolean operations in order to avoid Boolean edge artefacts.

// Shape

C_SHAPE_NONE      = C_CONSTANT + 0;
C_SHAPE_CUBOID    = C_CONSTANT + 1;
C_SHAPE_CYLINDER  = C_CONSTANT + 2;
C_SHAPE_PYRAMID   = C_CONSTANT + 3;
C_SHAPE_PRISM     = C_CONSTANT + 4;
C_SHAPE_ELLIPSOID = C_CONSTANT + 5;
C_SHAPE_TORUS     = C_CONSTANT + 6;

// Minimum and maximum constraints.

C_RESOLUTION_MIN  = C_CONSTANT + 8;
C_RESOLUTION_MAX  = C_CONSTANT + 64;
C_SIZE_MIN        = C_CONSTANT + 1.0;
C_SIDE_COUNT_MIN  = C_CONSTANT + 3;
C_SIDE_COUNT_MAX  = C_CONSTANT + 12;

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Thingiverse Parameters.
//
// - These parameters are used to integrate with the Thingiverse Customizer, and should only be used by the
//   class member variables specified in the "Model parameters" section below.
//
// - These Thingiverse Parameters should never be accessed from inside any module. We do this to enforce
//   principles of object orientation.
//
// - By separating concerns between variables exposed to Thingiverse vs. variables used internally by the
//   SCAD model (class), we are better able to manage the ordering and grouping of variables exposed to
//   Thingiverse, vs. the ordering and constraints of variables used internally by the model.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

/* [Assembbly Parameters] */

object_shape    = 1;        // [ 1:Cuboid, 2:Cylinder, 3:Pyramid, 4:Prism, 5:Ellipsoid, 6:Torus ]
x_bore_shape    = 0;        // [ 0: None, 2:Cylinder, 4:Prism ]
y_bore_shape    = 0;        // [ 0: None, 2:Cylinder, 4:Prism ]
z_bore_shape    = 0;        // [ 0: None, 2:Cylinder, 4:Prism ]
resolution      = 128;

/* [Cuboid Parameters] */

cuboid_x      = 10.0;
cuboid_y      = 10.0;
cuboid_z      = 10.0;
cuboid_fillet = 0.0;

/* [Cylinder Parameters] */

cylinder_diameter_base = 20.0;
cylinder_diameter_top  = 20.0;
cylinder_height        = 20.0;

/* [Pyramid Parameters] */

pyramid_side_count  = 4;
pyramid_side_length = 20.0;
pyramid_height      = 20.0;

/* [Prism Parameters] */

prism_side_count  = 3;
prism_side_length = 20.0;
prism_height      = 20.0;

/* [Ellipsoid Parameters] */

ellipsoid_diameter_x = 20.0;
ellipsoid_diameter_y = 20.0;
ellipsoid_diameter_z = 20.0;

/* [Torus Parameters] */

torus_major_radius = 12.0;
torus_minor_radius = 6.0;

/* [Bore Parameters] */

x_bore_diameter         = 10;
y_bore_diameter         = 10;
z_bore_diameter         = 10;
x_bore_prism_side_count = 4;
y_bore_prism_side_count = 4;
z_bore_prism_side_count = 4;

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Model parameters and geometric constraints. (Class member variables).
//
// - If we treat an OpenSCAD file as though it is an object oriented class, then we can prefix global variables
//   with "m_", to denote class membership.
//   - As an alternative to "m_", we could also use "this_" as a standard. However, "m_" is shorter and faster to type.
//   - Another advantage of this convention, is that we can arrange parameters meant for display in Thingiverse, in
//     an order that makes sense to the user, while arranging the member versions of the parameters in an order
//     that better accommodates constraint computation.
//
// - Once we have defined global variables as member variables of a class, in this case the class represented
//   by the SCAD file, then we are free to better manage global vs local scope of class member
//   variables, vs. local module (method) variables.
//
// - Thingiverse only integrates constant literal values. So as long as we reference other parameters or
//   initialize variables as expressions, then none of these will appear in the Thingiverse customizer.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

// Assembly Parameters

m_object_shape    = object_shape;
m_x_bore_shape    = x_bore_shape;
m_y_bore_shape    = y_bore_shape;
m_z_bore_shape    = z_bore_shape;
m_resolution      = clip ( resolution, C_RESOLUTION_MIN, C_RESOLUTION_MAX );

// Cuboid Parameters.

m_cuboid_x             = ( cuboid_x < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : cuboid_x;
m_cuboid_y             = ( cuboid_y < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : cuboid_y;
m_cuboid_z             = ( cuboid_z < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : cuboid_z;
m_cuboid_min_dimention = ( m_cuboid_x < m_cuboid_y && m_cuboid_x < m_cuboid_z ) ? m_cuboid_x : ( m_cuboid_y < m_cuboid_x && m_cuboid_y < m_cuboid_z ) ? m_cuboid_y : m_cuboid_z;
m_cuboid_fillet        = clip ( cuboid_fillet, 0.0, m_cuboid_min_dimention/2.0 );

// Cylinder Parameters.

m_cylinder_diameter_base = ( cylinder_diameter_base < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : cylinder_diameter_base;
m_cylinder_diameter_top  = ( cylinder_diameter_top  < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : cylinder_diameter_top;
m_cylinder_height        = ( cylinder_height < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : cylinder_height;

// Pyramid Parameters.

m_pyramid_side_count  = clip ( pyramid_side_count, C_SIDE_COUNT_MIN, C_SIDE_COUNT_MAX );
m_pyramid_side_length = ( pyramid_side_length < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : pyramid_side_length;
m_pyramid_height      = ( pyramid_height < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : pyramid_height;

// Prism Parameters.

m_prism_side_count  = clip ( prism_side_count, C_SIDE_COUNT_MIN, C_SIDE_COUNT_MAX );
m_prism_side_length = ( prism_side_length < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : prism_side_length;
m_prism_height      = ( prism_height < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : prism_height;

// Ellipsoid Parameters.

m_ellipsoid_diameter_x = ( ellipsoid_diameter_x < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : ellipsoid_diameter_x;
m_ellipsoid_diameter_y = ( ellipsoid_diameter_y < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : ellipsoid_diameter_y;
m_ellipsoid_diameter_z = ( ellipsoid_diameter_z < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : ellipsoid_diameter_z;

// Torus Parameters.

m_torus_major_radius = ( torus_major_radius < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : torus_major_radius;
m_torus_minor_radius = ( torus_minor_radius < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : torus_minor_radius;

// Bore.

m_x_bore_diameter         = ( x_bore_diameter < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : x_bore_diameter;
m_y_bore_diameter         = ( y_bore_diameter < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : y_bore_diameter;
m_z_bore_diameter         = ( z_bore_diameter < C_SIZE_MIN ) ? C_SIZE_MIN : z_bore_diameter;
m_x_bore_prism_side_count = clip ( x_bore_prism_side_count, C_SIDE_COUNT_MIN, C_SIDE_COUNT_MAX );
m_y_bore_prism_side_count = clip ( y_bore_prism_side_count, C_SIDE_COUNT_MIN, C_SIDE_COUNT_MAX );
m_z_bore_prism_side_count = clip ( z_bore_prism_side_count, C_SIDE_COUNT_MIN, C_SIDE_COUNT_MAX );

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// DEBUG: Console Output.
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

C_DEBUG_ENABLED = false;

if ( C_DEBUG_ENABLED )
{
    //echo ( m_x = m_x );
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      Main
// Module Type: Model
//
// Description:
//
// - Program entry point.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

main();

module main ()
{
    // Initialize model resolution.

    $fn = m_resolution;

    // Generate hinge assembly.

    assembly ();
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      assembly_main
// Module Type: Assembly
//
// Description:
//
// - Main component assembly.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module assembly ()
{
    if      ( m_object_shape == C_SHAPE_NONE )      object_none ();
    else if ( m_object_shape == C_SHAPE_CUBOID )    object_cuboid ();
    else if ( m_object_shape == C_SHAPE_CYLINDER )  object_cylinder ();
    else if ( m_object_shape == C_SHAPE_PYRAMID )   object_pyramid ();
    else if ( m_object_shape == C_SHAPE_PRISM )     object_prism ();
    else if ( m_object_shape == C_SHAPE_ELLIPSOID ) object_ellipsoid ();
    else if ( m_object_shape == C_SHAPE_TORUS )     object_torus ();
    else if ( m_object_shape == C_SHAPE_NONE )      object_none ();
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      object_none
// Module Type: Object
//
// Description:
//
// - Placeholder module for dealing with zero object selection.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module object_none ()
{
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      object_cuboid
// Module Type: Object
//
// Description:
//
// - Cuboid object defined by width, length, height and fillet size.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module object_cuboid ()
{
    // Initialize parameters.

    sf = m_cuboid_fillet;
    sx = m_cuboid_x;
    sy = m_cuboid_y;
    sz = m_cuboid_z;

    // Generate object.

    difference ()
    {
        // Generate base object.

        if ( sf > 0 )
        {
            object_cuboid_filleted ();
        }
        else
        {
            cube ( size = [ sx, sy, sz ], center = true );
        }

        // Subtract bores.

        cutting_tool_bore ( sx, sy, sz );
    }
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      object_cuboid_filleted
// Module Type: Object
//
// Description:
//
// - Used by the Cuboid object, to implement fillets.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module object_cuboid_filleted ()
{
    // Local constants.

    EDGE_CENTER = 0;
    EDGE_ANGLE  = 1;
    EDGE_LENGTH = 2;

    // Initialize parameters.

    sf = m_cuboid_fillet;
    sx = m_cuboid_x;
    sy = m_cuboid_y;
    sz = m_cuboid_z;

    // Generate object.

    difference ()
    {
        // Generate base object.

        union ()
        {
            // Create cube work pieces.

            c = 2.0*sf;
            cube ( size = [ sx,     sy - c, sz - c ], center = true );
            cube ( size = [ sx - c, sy - c, sz     ], center = true );
            cube ( size = [ sx - c, sy,     sz - c ], center = true );

            // Create fillets.

            rx = sx/2.0 - sf;
            ry = sy/2.0 - sf;
            rz = sz/2.0 - sf;

            ex = m_cuboid_x - 2.0*sf;
            ey = m_cuboid_y - 2.0*sf;;
            ez = m_cuboid_z - 2.0*sf;;

            // Create vertex fillets.

            n_vertex = 8;
            v_vertex =
            [
                [ rx, ry,  rz ],[ -rx, ry,  rz ], [ -rx, -ry,  rz ], [ rx, -ry,  rz ],
                [ rx, ry, -rz ],[ -rx, ry, -rz ], [ -rx, -ry, -rz ], [ rx, -ry, -rz ]
            ];

            for ( i = [ 0 : n_vertex - 1 ] )
            {
                translate ( v_vertex [ i ] ) sphere ( r = sf, center = true );
            }

            // Create edge fillets.

            n_edge = 12;
            v_edge =
            [
                [ [  rx,  ry, 0.0 ], [  0.0,  0.0, 0.0 ], ez ], [ [ -rx,  ry, 0.0 ], [  0.0,  0.0, 0.0 ], ez ],
                [ [  rx, -ry, 0.0 ], [  0.0,  0.0, 0.0 ], ez ], [ [ -rx, -ry, 0.0 ], [  0.0,  0.0, 0.0 ], ez ],
                [ [  rx, 0.0,  rz ], [ 90.0,  0.0, 0.0 ], ey ], [ [  rx, 0.0, -rz ], [ 90.0,  0.0, 0.0 ], ey ],
                [ [ -rx, 0.0,  rz ], [ 90.0,  0.0, 0.0 ], ey ], [ [ -rx, 0.0, -rz ], [ 90.0,  0.0, 0.0 ], ey ],
                [ [ 0.0,  ry,  rz ], [  0.0, 90.0, 0.0 ], ex ], [ [ 0.0,  ry, -rz ], [  0.0, 90.0, 0.0 ], ex ],
                [ [ 0.0, -ry,  rz ], [  0.0, 90.0, 0.0 ], ex ], [ [ 0.0, -ry, -rz ], [  0.0, 90.0, 0.0 ], ex ]
            ];

            for ( i = [ 0 : n_edge - 1 ] )
            {
                v = v_edge [ i ][ EDGE_CENTER ];
                a = v_edge [ i ][ EDGE_ANGLE  ];
                s = v_edge [ i ][ EDGE_LENGTH ];

                echo ( a = a );

                translate ( v ) rotate ( a ) cylinder ( r = sf, h = s, center = true );
            }

        }

        // Subtract bores.

        cutting_tool_bore ( sx, sy, sz );
    }
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      object_cylinder
// Module Type: Object
//
// Description:
//
// - Cylinder object defined by base diameter, top diameter and height.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module object_cylinder ()
{
    // Initialize parameters.

    d1 = m_cylinder_diameter_base;
    d2 = m_cylinder_diameter_top;
    h  = m_cylinder_height;

    // Generate object.

    difference ()
    {
        // Generate base object.

        cylinder ( d1 = d1, d2 = d2, h = h, center = true );

        // Subtract bores.

        d_max = ( d1 > d2 ) ? d1 : d2;
        cutting_tool_bore ( sx = d_max, sy = d_max, sz = h );
    }
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      object_pyramid
// Module Type: Object
//
// Description:
//
// - Pyramid object defined by height, side length, and side count.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module object_pyramid ()
{
    // Initialize parameters.

    n = m_pyramid_side_count;
    s = m_pyramid_side_length;
    h = m_pyramid_height;
    t = 180/n;

    // Compute base diameter based on side length.

    d1 = s/sin(180/n);
    d2 = 0;

    // Generate object.

    difference ()
    {
        // Generate base object.

        rotate ( [ 0, 0, t ] ) cylinder ( d1 = d1, d2 = d2, h = h, $fn = n, center = true );

        // Subtract bores.

        d_max = ( d1 > d2 ) ? d1 : d2;
        translate ( [ 0, 0, -h/5 ] ) cutting_tool_bore ( sx = d_max, sy = d_max, sz = 2*h );
    }
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      object_prism
// Module Type: Object
//
// Description:
//
// - Prism object defined by height, side length, and side count.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module object_prism ()
{
    // Initialize parameters.

    n = m_prism_side_count;
    s = m_prism_side_length;
    h = m_prism_height;
    t = 180/n;

    // Compute base diameter based on side length.

    d1 = s/sin(180/n);
    d2 = d1;

    // Generate object.

    difference ()
    {
        // Generate base object.

        rotate ( [ 0, 0, t ] ) cylinder ( d1 = d1, d2 = d2, h = h, $fn = n, center = true );

        // Subtract bores.

        cutting_tool_bore ( sx = d1, sy = d1, sz = h );
    }
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      object_ellipsoid
// Module Type: Object
//
// Description:
//
// - Ellipsoid object defined by width, length and height.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module object_ellipsoid ()
{
    // Compute ellipsoid scaling.

    d  = 1.0;
    sx = m_ellipsoid_diameter_x;
    sy = m_ellipsoid_diameter_y;
    sz = m_ellipsoid_diameter_z;

    // Generate object.

    difference ()
    {
        // Generate base object.

        scale ( [ sx, sy, sz ] ) sphere ( d = d );

        // Subtract bores.

        cutting_tool_bore ( sx = sx, sy = sy, sz = sz );
    }
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      object_torus
// Module Type: Object
//
// Description:
//
// - Torus object defined by major and minor radii.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module object_torus ()
{
    // Initialize parameters.

    R = m_torus_major_radius;
    r = m_torus_minor_radius;

    // Generate object.

    difference ()
    {
        // Generate base object.

        rotate_extrude ()
        {
            translate ( [ R, 0, 0 ] ) circle ( r = r);
        }

        // Subtract bores.

        s  = 2*( r + R );
        sx = s;
        sy = s;
        sz = 2*r;

        cutting_tool_bore ( sx = sx, sy = sy, sz = sz );
    }
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      cutting_tool_bore
// Module Type: Cutting tool
//
// Description:
//
// - Cutting tool used to cut the bore holes into the base object.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - N/A
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module cutting_tool_bore ( sx, sy, sz )
{
    nx = m_x_bore_prism_side_count;
    ny = m_y_bore_prism_side_count;
    nz = m_z_bore_prism_side_count;

    txo = ( nx == 6 ) ? 90.0 :   0.0;
    tyo = ( ny == 6 ) ? 0.0  : -90.0;

    tx = 180/nx + txo;
    ty = 180/ny + tyo;
    tz = 180/nz;

    // Subtract cylindrical bores.

    if ( m_x_bore_shape == C_SHAPE_CYLINDER ) rotate ( [ 0, 90, 0 ] ) cylinder ( d = m_x_bore_diameter, h = sx + SCG_OVERLAP, center = true );
    if ( m_y_bore_shape == C_SHAPE_CYLINDER ) rotate ( [ 90, 0, 0 ] ) cylinder ( d = m_y_bore_diameter, h = sy + SCG_OVERLAP, center = true );
    if ( m_z_bore_shape == C_SHAPE_CYLINDER ) rotate ( [ 0,  0, 0 ] ) cylinder ( d = m_z_bore_diameter, h = sz + SCG_OVERLAP, center = true );

    // Subtract prisim bores.

    if ( m_x_bore_shape == C_SHAPE_PRISM ) rotate ( [ 0, 90, 0 ] ) rotate ( [ 0, 0, tx ] ) cylinder ( d = m_x_bore_diameter, h = sx + SCG_OVERLAP, $fn = nx, center = true );
    if ( m_y_bore_shape == C_SHAPE_PRISM ) rotate ( [ 90, 0, 0 ] ) rotate ( [ 0, 0, ty ] ) cylinder ( d = m_y_bore_diameter, h = sy + SCG_OVERLAP, $fn = ny, center = true );
    if ( m_z_bore_shape == C_SHAPE_PRISM ) rotate ( [ 0,  0, 0 ] ) rotate ( [ 0, 0, tz ] ) cylinder ( d = m_z_bore_diameter, h = sz + SCG_OVERLAP, $fn = nz, center = true );
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      Rectangle.
// Module Type: 2D Shape.
//
// Description:
//
// - Creates a 2D rectangle.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - w
//   Rectangle width.
//
// - h
//   Rectangle height.
//
// - center
//   Center the rectangle about the origin (0,0,0) if true, else place the rectangle in the positive quadrant.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module fillet_rectangle ( w, h, r, center )
{
    xs = w - 2*r;
    ys = h - 2*r;
    xd = w/2.0 - r;
    yd = h/2.0 - r;

    union ()
    {
        scale ( [ xs, h  ] ) square ( size = 1.0, center = center );
        scale ( [ w,  ys ] ) square ( size = 1.0, center = center );
        translate ( [  xd,  yd ] ) circle ( r = r, center = center );
        translate ( [  xd, -yd ] ) circle ( r = r, center = center );
        translate ( [ -xd, -yd ] ) circle ( r = r, center = center );
        translate ( [ -xd,  yd ] ) circle ( r = r, center = center );
    }
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      Rectangle.
// Module Type: 2D Shape.
//
// Description:
//
// - Creates a 2D rectangle.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - w
//   Rectangle width.
//
// - h
//   Rectangle height.
//
// - center
//   Center the rectangle about the origin (0,0,0) if true, else place the rectangle in the positive quadrant.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

module rectangle ( w, h, center )
{
    scale ( [ w, h ] ) square ( size = 1.0, center = center );
}

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Function: Clip
//
// Description:
//
// - Clips an input value, to a minimum and maximum value.
//
//   x_min <= x <= x_max
//
// Parameters:
//
// - x
//   Input value.
//
// - x_min
//   Minimal value constraint. Any x less than x_min, is set to x_min.
//
// - x_max
//   Maximum value constraint. Any x greater than x_max, is set to x_max.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

function clip ( x, x_min, x_max ) = ( x < x_min ) ? x_min : ( x > x_max ) ? x_max : x;

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Function: funtion_name
//
// Description:
//
// - Function description.
//
// Return Value:
//
// - Description of return value.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - x
//   Argument x description.
//
// - y
//   Argument y description.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------
// Module:      module_name
// Module Type: [ 2D Shape, Profile, Tool, Workpiece, Component ]
// Description:
//
// - Module description.
//
// Parameters:
//
// - x
//   Argument x description.
//
// - y
//   Argument y description.
//
// -------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a parametric Pez dispenser stand, and I've got some existing OpenSCAD code that gives the basic shape, but I want it to be much more flexible. I'd also like to be able to interlock the stands together. Here’s the basic idea:

The core design is a tray with two risers, one at the front and one at the back, that hold the Pez dispenser's feet in place. The base is essentially a rectangular prism with cutouts for the dispenser's key and shaft. I need the overall length to be easily adjusted via a parameter; I'm thinking of it as an offset from the base size of 99.8mm that's in the original code.

Here’s a breakdown of what I need:

*   **Parametric Length:** The main parameter should control the overall length of the stand. It should be an offset from a base length, I think 99.8mm is a good base. This way, if I want a 140mm base, I would adjust this offset by 40.2mm, or a 50mm base, by -49.8mm. Let's call this parameter `length_adjust`.
*   **Fixed Width and Height:** The width and height of the stand's base should remain fixed at 37mm and 2mm respectively.
*   **Risers:** The risers should maintain their existing shape and location relative to the edges, always 2mm thick and extending up from a 2mm base, and a 2mm space between them. There should be a front riser that’s 4mm total height, and a rear riser that’s also 4mm total height.
*   **Key and Shaft Cutouts/Features:** These should stay the same relative to the front of the base and maintain their dimensions. Let's put the key cutout/feature starting at 95.2mm from the back (or 4.6mm from the end) with a width of 4.6mm, and a depth of 9.6mm. The shaft cutout/feature should begin at 89.8mm from the back (10mm from the end) with a width of 5.4mm and a depth of 3.6mm. I don't think I need any custom sizing for these.
*   **Interlocking Mechanism:** This is the big part! I need an interlocking mechanism, and I think a simple puzzle-piece style tab and slot would work. I want these to be on the sides of the tray so that I can line up multiple trays end-to-end and interlock them. I would like one tab and slot on each side, centered vertically. The tab and slot dimensions should be configurable, but let's start with a width of 10mm, a depth of 2mm, and extend out 5mm for the tab. So, the slot would be 10mm wide, 2mm deep, and indented 5mm into the tray.
*   **Module Based Design:** Could you make the main stand base a module? This will help me reuse it later if I need to make modifications.

I'd like the final design to be parametric, allowing me to easily customize the length and the dimensions of the interlocking tab. Could we also make the tab/slot design a module that I can add to a base? That would give me the ability to expand the model to other use cases later.

I don't have any specific library requirements for this, but I'm familiar with using basic OpenSCAD functions so it should be fairly simple.

Thanks!

[Assistant]
PezFootedStand.scad:
```
//FootedPezStand
//Display stands for Pez Collectors
//By Dataman, Charley Jones PMP
//First Version 1.0 6/16/17
// Version 2.0 6/17 add length param
// Design: Break off extended key if not needed
// k                     k
// e shaft  BASE  shaft  e
// y                     y
// riser to catch pez feet

LengthAdjust=0; // 99.8mm undadjusted, - shorten, + lengthen
// LengthAdjust
// When LengthAdjust=0 total is 99.8mm
// Form smaller, go -, ie: -10, would allow for 5layer brim on smaller factor
// For larger, go +, ie: +130, for 10" machines.

rotate([0,0,-90])
difference(){
union(){

//base
cube([90+LengthAdjust,37,2]);

/* For alignment purposes
//key cutout
translate([95+LengthAdjust,13.5,0])
 #cube([5,10,2]);

//shaft cutout
translate([90+LengthAdjust,16.5,0])
 #cube([5,4,2]);
*/

// key
translate([95.2+LengthAdjust,13.7,0])
 cube([4.6,9.6,2]);

//shaft
translate([89.8+LengthAdjust,16.7,0])
 cube([5.4,3.6,2]);

//front riser
translate([0,0,2])
 cube([90+LengthAdjust,2,2]);
translate([0,0,4])
 cube([90+LengthAdjust,4,2]);
//back riser
translate([0,35,2])
 cube([90+LengthAdjust,2,2]);
translate([0,33,4])
 cube([90+LengthAdjust,4,2]);

}
//key cutout
translate([5,13.5,0])
 cube([5,10,2]);

//shaft cutout
translate([0,16.5,0])
 cube([5,4,2]);
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like a fidget spinner design, kind of like the one I saw on Thingiverse. It should be customizable with OpenSCAD.

Here are the core features I'm looking for:

*   **Central Bearing:** It needs to accommodate a standard 608 bearing in the center.
*   **Paws/Arms:** The spinner should have arms or "paws" radiating outward from the center. I need to be able to choose how many paws, somewhere between 2 and 5.
*   **Weight Options:** I want the option to add different kinds of weights to the ends of the paws. This would include a 608 bearing, several sizes of hex nuts (5/16, 3/8, and 1/2 inch SAE, plus M8, M10, and M12 metric), different sized ball bearings (5/16, 3/8, 1/2, and 5/8 inch), and the common US coins (penny, nickel, dime, and quarter) or no weight at all.
*   **Paw Rotation:** It'd be cool if I could rotate the paw arms, either -90 or -180 degrees from a default position.
*   **Claws:** An optional claw-like feature added to each paw.
*   **Text Embossing:** If I choose "no weight" for a paw, I'd like to be able to emboss text into that paw. Each paw should allow for independent text and scaling, using a font I can select from available fonts.
*   **Customization:** The primary customizable options are the number of paws, type of weight, paw rotation, claw inclusion, and the text and scaling for each paw when using no weight. The paw size should also be adjustable with no weights selected.

For libraries, I think you'll need some basic things but hopefully you can handle all the math with just the built-in functions. I'm not looking for anything fancy that you need to add with an `include <>` statement, just the basics of what's included with OpenSCAD by default.

Let me know if you need anything else!

[Assistant]
paw.scad:
```
// paw spinner
// lucina
// 2017-06-14
/* [paw spinner settings] */
// number of paws for the spinner
paws = 3;  //[2, 3, 4, 5]
// type of weight
whichWeight = "5/16 hex nut";   //[608 bearing, 5/16 hex nut, 3/8 hex nut, 1/2 hex nut, M8 hex nut, M10 hex nut, M12 hex nut, 5/16 ball bearing, 3/8 ball bearing, 1/2 ball bearing, 5/8 ball bearing, penny, nickel, dime, quarter, none]
// rotate each paw 90 degrees
rotatePaw = "no";   //[yes, no]
// include claws
claws = "no";   //[yes, no]
// paw size if no weights
pawSize = 12;  //[10:1:18]
/* [no weight text emboss settings] */
// emboss text paw #1
text1="";
// emboss text scale #1
fontScale1 = 1; //[.5:.1:2]
// emboss text paw #2
text2="";
// emboss text scale #2
fontScale2 = 1;  //[.5:.1:2]
// emboss text paw #3
text3="";
// emboss text scale #3
fontScale3 = 1;  //[.5:.1:2]
// emboss text paw #4
text4="";
// emboss text scale #4
fontScale4 = 1;  //[.5:.1:2]
// emboss text paw
text5="";
// emboss text scale #5
fontScale5 = 1;  //[.5:.1:2]

/* [Hidden] */
$fn = 60;
// text emboss font
embossFont = "Open Sans:style=ExtraBold";  //[Exo:style=Bold, Open Sans:style=ExtraBold, Roboto:sytle=Black, Merriweather:sytle=Black, Amaranth:style=Bold, Liberation Sans:style=Bold]
x = 0; y = 1; z = 2; id = 3;
thick = 3;
inch = 25.4;
bearing608 = [22, 22, 7, 8];
sae = [.577*inch, .5 * inch, 7]; // 5/16 hex nut
sae38 = [.650*inch,.562*inch, 7];	// 3/8
sae12 = [.866*inch, .75*inch, 7];	// 1/2
metric = [15, 13, 7];   // M8 hex nut
metric10 = [19.6, 17, 7];   // M10 hex nut
metric12 = [21.9, 19, 7];   // M12 hex nut
ball516 = [5/16*inch, 5/16*inch, 5/16*inch];
ball38 = [3/8*inch, 3/8*inch, 3/8*inch];
ball12 = [1/2*inch, 1/2*inch, 1/2*inch];
ball58 = [5/8*inch, 5/8*inch, 5/8*inch];
penny = [19.05, 19.05,1.55];  //x4
nickel = [21.21, 21.21, 1.95]; //x3
dime = [17.91, 17.91, 1.35]; //x5
quarter = [24.26, 24.26, 1.75];  // x4
none = [pawSize, pawSize, 7];
txt = [str(text1), str(text2), str(text3), str(text4), str(text5)];
fScale = [fontScale1, fontScale2, fontScale3, fontScale4, fontScale5];

step = 360 / paws;
stop = (paws-1) * step;
weight = (whichWeight == "608 bearing") ? bearing608 :
   (whichWeight == "5/16 hex nut") ? sae :
   (whichWeight == "3/8 hex nut") ? sae38 :
   (whichWeight == "1/2 hex nut") ? sae12 :
   (whichWeight == "M8 hex nut") ? metric :
   (whichWeight == "M10 hex nut") ? metric10 :
   (whichWeight == "M12 hex nut") ? metric12 :
   (whichWeight == "penny") ? penny :
   (whichWeight == "nickel") ? nickel :
   (whichWeight == "dime") ? dime :
   (whichWeight == "quarter") ? quarter :
   (whichWeight == "5/16 ball bearing") ? ball516 :
   (whichWeight == "3/8 ball bearing") ? ball38 :
   (whichWeight == "1/2 ball bearing") ? ball12 :
   (whichWeight == "5/8 ball bearing") ? ball58 : none;
echo(whichWeight, weight[x], weight[y], weight[z]);
resolution = (whichWeight == "5/16 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "3/8 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "1/2 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M8 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M10 hex nut") ? 6 :
(whichWeight == "M12 hex nut") ? 6 : 60;
echo("resolution=", resolution);

bearing = bearing608;
pawAngle = (rotatePaw == "no") ? -90 : -180;
filRad = 2;
ffpaw = .38;
pads = .68;
ffx = .7;
space = (rotatePaw=="yes") ? 1.8*thick : 1.2*thick;
step = 360 / paws;
stop = (paws-1) * step;
pos = [54, 18, -18, -54];
offX = [-.42, -.16, .16,.42];
offY = [.44, .60, .60, .44];
rot = [30, 5, -5, -30];

module fcylinder(ht, wd, scaleX, rad) {
   resize([wd*scaleX, wd, ht])
   minkowski() {
      scale([scaleX, 1, 1]) {
         cylinder(h=ht-2*rad, d=wd-2*rad, center=true);
      }
      sphere(r=rad, center=true);
   }
}
module paw(wid) {
   pawRad = 3.0;
   difference() {
      union() {
         for (a=[0:1:3]) {
            translate([offX[a]*wid, offY[a]*wid, 0])
               rotate([0, 0, rot[a]])
                  union(){
                     fcylinder(bearing[z], ffpaw*wid, ffx, pawRad);
                     // claw
                     if ( claws == "yes" )
                        translate([0, .5*wid*ffpaw, 0])
                           scale([ffx, 1, bearing[z]/(ffpaw*wid*.3)])
                              sphere(d=ffpaw*wid*.3, center=true);
                  }
         }
         // pads
         difference() {
            fcylinder(bearing[z], 1.45*wid*pads, 1, pawRad);
            translate([0, -.5*pads*wid, 0])
               cube([wid*pads, wid*pads, bearing[z]*2], center=true);
         }
         translate([-.15*wid, -.10*wid, 0])
         rotate([0, 0, 35])
            fcylinder(bearing[z], wid*pads, 1.3, pawRad);
         translate([.15*wid, -.10*wid, 0])
         rotate([0, 0, -35])
            fcylinder(bearing[z], wid*pads, 1.3, pawRad);
    }
      union() {
         if ( whichWeight != "none" )
         cylinder(h=bearing[z]*2, d=weight[x], $fn=resolution, center=true);
      }
   }
}
 module renderText(txt, ht, fontSize) {
     linear_extrude(ht, center=true)
       text(txt, font = embossFont, size = fontSize, halign="center", valign="center");
}

difference() {
   union() {
      fcylinder(bearing[z], bearing[x] + 2*thick, 1, filRad);
      // paws
      for ( angle = [0 : step : stop]) {
         rotate([0, 0, angle])
            translate([(weight[x]+bearing[x])/2 + space, 0, 0])
               rotate([0, 0, pawAngle])
                  difference(){
                     paw(weight[y]+7.5);
                     if ( whichWeight == "none" )
                        translate([0, -.1*weight[x], bearing[z]/2])
                           renderText(txt[paws-1-angle/step], 4, .2*pawSize*fScale[paws-1-angle/step]);
                  }
               }
   }
   union() {
      cylinder(h=2*bearing[z], d=bearing[x], center=true);
   }
}

```


[User]
I'm looking for a parametric coin sorter design in OpenSCAD, something like a shaking sorter with different sized holes to filter out coins by diameter. I have a few specific things I need, and I'd like it to be flexible enough to adapt to other currencies in the future.

Basically, I need a cylindrical tray, which can be either a tray with holes for sorting (Tray Type 1) or a solid bottom tray with no holes (Tray Type 2). I need to be able to specify the diameter of the coin that should stop on each tray -- this is critical as different trays will stop different coins. There should be some tolerance in the hole size, a user-definable `holeTolerance`, so the holes are a bit smaller than the coin, so the coins will get stopped on the tray. I also need the ability to define the distance between the holes, `holesDistance`.

The overall tray diameter `trayDiameter`, its height `trayHeight`, an indent height `indentHeight` (which should be less than half the tray height), the bottom thickness, `bottomThickness`, the wall thickness, `wallThickness`, and the radius tolerance for the indent `wallTolerance` all need to be customizable as well.

The tray should have a raised cylindrical wall, formed by the `wallThickness` and `wallTolerance` parameters. The coin holes should be placed in a circular pattern, moving out from the center. The number of rings of holes should be variable. The center of the tray can either have a central hole or not.

I need a couple of modules: one to create the tray (including the wall), and another to generate the coin holes for the tray type that includes the holes. The design should be done in a way that I can stack multiple trays to make a full coin sorter.

Could you provide the code in OpenSCAD? I'm not using any libraries right now, but if you can do so, the code shouldn't use MCAD or BOSL or BOSL2. I'm not sure if you'd use any other libraries in this case, but if so, please specify them.

[Assistant]
coin_sorter.scad:
```
/******************************************************************************
 *
 *  GLOBALS
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

/* [General] */

trayType = 1; // [1: Tray with holes, 2: Bottom tray (no holes)]
// Diameter of the coin that should stop (!) on this tray
coinDiameter = 17.5;
// Radius tolerance, so hole diameter will be lowered by twice the hole tolerance
holeTolerance = 0.2;
holesDistance = 2;
trayDiameter = 100;
trayHeight = 12;
// Should be less than half of the tray height
indentHeight = 3;
bottomThickness = 0.6;
wallThickness = 1;
// Tray radius tolerance on indent
wallTolerance = 0.3;

/* [Hidden] */
$fa = 1;
$fs = 0.5;

/******************************************************************************
 *
 *  EXECUTION
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

// uncomment this line if preview sucks :)
// render(convexity = 2)
difference()
{
    tray();
    if(trayType == 1)
        coinHoles();
}

/***************************************************************************
 *
 *  DIRECT MODULES
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

module tray()
{
    difference()
    {
        union()
        {
            cylinder(h = trayHeight, d = trayDiameter - 2 * wallThickness - 2 * wallTolerance);
            translate([0, 0, trayHeight - indentHeight - wallThickness])
                cylinder(h = indentHeight + wallThickness, d = trayDiameter);
            // supports not needed with the following:
            translate([0, 0, trayHeight - indentHeight - wallThickness])
                rotate_extrude()
                    translate([trayDiameter / 2 - wallThickness - wallTolerance, 0, 0])
                        circle($fn = 4, r = wallThickness+ wallTolerance);
        }
        translate([0, 0, bottomThickness])
            cylinder(h = trayHeight, d = trayDiameter - 4 * wallThickness - 2 * wallTolerance);
        translate([0, 0, trayHeight - indentHeight])
            cylinder(h = trayHeight, d = trayDiameter - 2 * wallThickness);
    }

}

module coinHoles()
{
    maxRadius = trayDiameter / 2 - 2 * wallThickness - wallTolerance - holesDistance - coinDiameter / 2 + holeTolerance;
    minRadius = coinDiameter - 2 * holeTolerance + 2 * holesDistance;
    holesOnRadius = floor((maxRadius - minRadius) / (coinDiameter + holesDistance - 2 * holeTolerance));
    if(maxRadius > minRadius)
    {
        for(i = [0 : holesOnRadius])
        {
            centersRadius = maxRadius - i * (coinDiameter - 2 * holeTolerance + holesDistance);
            translate([0, 0, -1])
                linear_extrude(height = bottomThickness + 2)
                    _coinHoles(
                                holeDiameter = coinDiameter - 2 * holeTolerance,
                                centersRadius = centersRadius,
                                holesDistance = holesDistance
                              );
        }
    }
    lastRadius = maxRadius - holesOnRadius * (coinDiameter - 2 * holeTolerance + holesDistance);

    if(lastRadius > 1.6 * (coinDiameter - 2 * holeTolerance + holesDistance))
    {
            centersRadius = lastRadius - coinDiameter + 2 * holeTolerance - holesDistance;
            translate([0, 0, -1])
                linear_extrude(height = bottomThickness + 2)
                    _coinHoles(
                                holeDiameter = coinDiameter - 2 * holeTolerance,
                                centersRadius = centersRadius,
                                holesDistance = holesDistance
                              );
    }
    else
        translate([0, 0, -1])
            cylinder(h = bottomThickness + 2, d = coinDiameter - 2 * holeTolerance);

}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 *  HELPER AND COMPONENT MODULES
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

module _coinHoles(holeDiameter, centersRadius, holesDistance)
{
    virtualHoleRadius = holeDiameter / 2 + holesDistance / 1.9; // lowered from factor of 2 to avoid too small distances in the middle
    angle = 2 * asin((virtualHoleRadius) / (centersRadius + holeDiameter / 2 - virtualHoleRadius));
    holesAmount = floor(360 / angle);
    finalAngle = 360 / holesAmount;
    for(i = [0 : holesAmount])
    {
        rotate([0, 0, i * finalAngle])
            translate([centersRadius - holesDistance, 0, 0])
                circle(d = holeDiameter);
    }
}
```


[User]
Hi! I'm looking to design a custom gel electrophoresis comb for a Thermo Fisher Owl system, and I need some help creating the OpenSCAD files. I've been looking at some existing designs, and I think I have a good handle on what I need.

Essentially, the comb will have a core, and then teeth extending from both sides of that core. I need to be able to independently customize the teeth on each side.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Core:** The core will consist of two stacked rectangular prisms. The bottom one will be the main body of the comb, and the top will be a smaller, raised section centered on the bottom. I need to be able to control the width, length, and height of both the main body and the raised section independently.
    *   Specifically, I need to control `comb_x` (the overall width of the base core), `comb_y` (the length/narrow dimension of the base), `comb_z` (the height of the base), `raised_x` (width of the raised section), `raised_y` (length of the raised section), and `raised_z` (the height of the raised section).

*   **Teeth:** The teeth will extend perpendicularly from the comb's core on both sides. They need to be able to be independently controlled on the front side and the back side. I need to control a number of things here:
    *   `tooth_margin`: the width of core left free of teeth on either end. This is common to both sides.
    *   `front_tooth_gap`: spacing between teeth on the front side.
    *  `rear_tooth_gap`: spacing between teeth on the rear side.
    *   `front_tooth_count`: number of teeth on the front side.
    *   `rear_tooth_count`: number of teeth on the rear side.
    *   `tooth_length`: length of the teeth, which is the same for both sides.
    *   `front_tooth_height`: thickness (height) of the teeth on the front side.
    *  `rear_tooth_height`: thickness (height) of the teeth on the rear side.
    * The actual width of the teeth should be calculated based on the tooth counts, gap, margin, and available core width.

I think that covers all the parameters. Can you generate an OpenSCAD file (or files if that makes more sense!) that allows me to adjust these parameters? I don't need any libraries for this design.

[Assistant]
gel_comb.scad:
```
/* [Teeth] */

// Width reserved on either end of comb to be free of teeth.
tooth_margin = 8.25;

// Spacing between teeth.
front_tooth_gap = 1.7;
rear_tooth_gap = 1.7;

// Number of teeth. Tooth width is calculated from tooth count, gap, and available space.
front_tooth_count = 8;
rear_tooth_count = 15;

// Length of teeth, measured perpendicular from comb.
tooth_length = 12.2;

// Thickness of teeth.
front_tooth_height = 1.0;
rear_tooth_height = 1.0;

/* [Core] */

// Width of lower section of comb core.
comb_x = 79.3;

// Length (narrow dimension) or lower section of comb core, not counting teeth.
comb_y = 13.7;

// Height of lower section of comb core (from base).
comb_z = 3.0;

// Width of raised section of comb core (centered in lower section).
raised_x = 68.8;

// Length (narrow dimension) of raised section of comb core (centered in lower section).
raised_y = 9.3;

// Height of raised section of comb core (from base).
raised_z = 7.25;

/* [Hidden] */

// Width available for teeth (comb width minus margins).
tooth_span = comb_x - (2 * tooth_margin);

// Individual tooth width (maximum to fill span with count teeth with gap betwen each).
front_tooth_width = (tooth_span - (front_tooth_count - 1) * front_tooth_gap) / front_tooth_count;
rear_tooth_width = (tooth_span - (rear_tooth_count - 1) * rear_tooth_gap) / rear_tooth_count;

echo(front_tooth_width);
echo(rear_tooth_width);

union() {
	Core();
	Teeth(rear_tooth_count, rear_tooth_width, rear_tooth_gap, rear_tooth_height);
	rotate([0, 0, 180]) Teeth(front_tooth_count, front_tooth_width, front_tooth_gap, front_tooth_height);
}

module Core() {
	union() {
		translate([0, 0, comb_z/2]) cube([comb_x, comb_y, comb_z], center=true);
		translate([0, 0, raised_z/2]) cube([raised_x, raised_y, raised_z], center=true);
	}
}

module Teeth(count, width, gap, height) {
	translate([-tooth_span/2 + width/2, comb_y/2, 0]) union() {
		for(i = [0:count-1]) {
			translate([i * (width + gap), 0, 0]) Tooth(width, tooth_length, height);
		}
	}
}

module Tooth(width, length, height) {
	translate([0, length/2, height/2]) cube([width, length, height], center=true);
}
```