[User]
Hi there, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a scribing tool, basically a guide with a series of holes through which I can insert a pen to mark lines on wood. I've found some commercial ones online but they're pricey, and I was surprised not to find any on Thingiverse. I need it to be parametric, so I can adjust it to different projects, so let me describe what I have in mind:

First, there needs to be a main guide block, like a ruler. I want to be able to set the corner radius, the overall height, width and length of this block. This will be a simple, rounded rectangular extrusion.

Then, I need a separate piece that sits adjacent to the guide - the "hole carrier". This part will have multiple holes drilled in it for the pen to go through. I want parameters to control the thickness of this carrier, as well as a border around the holes. I also want the option to add vertical lines every cm on this part, as a visual guide, but these can just be printed as shallow extrusions, and only if I want them.

The holes themselves should be countersunk - a wider diameter at the top where the pen goes in, and a smaller diameter at the bottom where the pen will mark on the wood. I want to control both those diameters. I also need to set the vertical spacing of the holes, as well as how many rows of holes there should be.

Finally, I need to control the horizontal spacing of the holes, with some variability in mind. Instead of simply specifying a fixed x-spacing between holes, I want to specify the *stepping* between the *rows* of holes, and then have a minimum distance from the guide (which will be fixed to 5mm) and a maximum distance from the guide, which will determine how many holes there are in each row. Also, I think there should be the option to adjust how far the last hole's center is from the guide. I need that to ensure that the hole pattern doesn't run into the end of the block.

So to summarise parameters:

*   **Global:**
    *   `corner_radius` (for both the guide and hole carrier)

*   **Guide Block:**
    *   `guide_height`
    *   `guide_outer_size_x`
    *   `guide_outer_size_y`

*   **Hole Carrier Block:**
    *   `hole_carrier_height`
    *   `hole_carrier_border`
    *   `hole_carrier_cm_marks` (0 for off, 5mm line, or 10mm line)
    *   `hole_carrier_diameter_bottom`
    *   `hole_carrier_diameter_top`
    *   `hole_distance_y_dimension`
    *   `hole_number_of_rows`
    *  `hole_distance_x_stepping`
    *   `hole_distance_from_guide_min` (fixed to 5)
    *   `hole_distance_from_guide_max`

I think that's everything. I'm not using any external libraries and I'm hoping this can be done in plain OpenSCAD. I appreciate your time!

[Assistant]
scribing_tool.scad:
```
/* [Global] */
// Which Radius should the corners have?
corner_radius         =   5; // [0:0.5:5]

/* [Guide Dimension] */
// How high should the guide be?
guide_height            =  10; // [5:1:20]
// Overall width of the guide including the corners.
guide_outer_size_x      =  20; // [10:5:40]
// Overall length of the guide including the corners.
guide_outer_size_y      =  80; // [40:5:100]

/* [Hole Carrier Options] */
// How thick should the part carrying the holes be? The higher the sturdier it will be.
hole_carrier_height          =     2; // [2:0.2:5]
// Do you want a border around the holes? Probably, yes.
hole_carrier_border          =     5; // [2:1:10]
// Do you want a vertical line each centimeter?
hole_carrier_cm_marks        =     5; // [0:Off, 5:Small Line 5mm, 10:large line 10mm]
// Which diameter should the holes have at the bottom where your pen will poke out towards the object to be marked?
hole_carrier_diameter_bottom =     1.5; // [1:0.1:3]
// Which diameter should the holes have at the top where you insert your pen? Also, this is print side.
hole_carrier_diameter_top    =     3; // [1:0.1:4]
// How far apart in Y-dimension should the holes be (a.k.a. spacing)?
hole_distance_y_dimension    =     6; // [5:1:10]
// How many rows do you want?
hole_number_of_rows          =     5; // [5:1:10]
// what's the distance you want the holes to be apart from each other?
hole_distance_x_stepping     =     1; // [0.2:0.2 mm, 0.5:0.5 mm, 1:1 mm, 1.5:1.5 mm, 2:2 mm, 2.5:2.5 mm, 5:5 mm, 10:10 mm]
// This is the minimum distance between the first hole's center and the guide. Fixed to 5mm.
hole_distance_from_guide_min =     5; // [5:5 mm fixed]
// This is the maximum distance between the last hole's center and the guide. Also determines the number of holes.
hole_distance_from_guide_max =   155; // [20:5:250]

/* [Hidden] */
// correcting factor to make it nicer...
hole_distance_from_guide_max_used = hole_distance_from_guide_max - 1;

// guide block
linear_extrude(guide_height) translate([corner_radius, corner_radius]) minkowski() {
		circle(corner_radius, $fn=96);
		square([guide_outer_size_x-2*corner_radius, guide_outer_size_y-2*corner_radius]);
}

// hole carrier block
toolCarrierYoffSetOfLastHole = hole_distance_from_guide_max % (hole_distance_x_stepping * hole_number_of_rows);
toolCarrierSizeX = hole_distance_from_guide_max_used+hole_carrier_border+hole_carrier_diameter_top/2+toolCarrierYoffSetOfLastHole;
toolCarrierSizeY = 2*hole_carrier_border+ (hole_number_of_rows-1)*hole_distance_y_dimension+hole_carrier_diameter_top + hole_carrier_cm_marks;
translate([guide_outer_size_x, (guide_outer_size_y-toolCarrierSizeY)/2]) difference() {
		union() {
				linear_extrude(hole_carrier_height) translate([corner_radius, corner_radius]) minkowski() {
						circle(corner_radius, $fn=96);
						square([toolCarrierSizeX-2*corner_radius, toolCarrierSizeY-2*corner_radius]);
				}
				cube([corner_radius, toolCarrierSizeY, hole_carrier_height]);
		}
		// cut out the holes
		for (i=[hole_distance_from_guide_min : hole_distance_x_stepping * hole_number_of_rows : hole_distance_from_guide_max_used]) {
				for (k=[0:1:hole_number_of_rows-1]) {
						echo (i, k);
						translate(
								[
										i + k*hole_distance_x_stepping, // OK
										(k*hole_distance_y_dimension)+hole_carrier_diameter_top/2+hole_carrier_border+hole_carrier_cm_marks,
										-0.005
								]
						) cylinder(d2=hole_carrier_diameter_bottom, d1= hole_carrier_diameter_top, h=hole_carrier_height+0.01, $fn=24);
				}
		}
		if (hole_carrier_cm_marks>0) {
				for(i=[10:10:hole_distance_from_guide_max_used]) {
						translate([-0.25+i, hole_carrier_cm_marks-(hole_carrier_cm_marks/2)-3, -0.1]) cube([0.5,hole_carrier_cm_marks+3,0.6]);
				}
		}
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a Tic-Tac-Toe game, and I'd like it to be parametric so I can easily adjust the size and other features. Here are the things I'm looking for:

1.  **Board Size:** I want to be able to specify the overall size of the board as a single dimension, like 160mm. Everything else should scale based on that.

2.  **Grid:** The board should have a grid dividing it into squares for the game. I need to be able to turn the grid drawing on or off. I also need to configure the number of grid squares per side, defaulting to 3 (for the normal 3x3 tic tac toe board). Also, the grid lines should have a configurable width that is at least 1 mm, but also scales based on the overall board size. Finally, the height of the grid lines and all pieces should be configurable as a single parameter, defaulting to 3mm.

3. **Board Base:** I want to be able to choose to have a solid bottom to the board, as a backing. I should be able to turn this drawing on or off. The thickness of the base should also be a configurable parameter defaulting to 1mm.

4.  **X and O Pieces:** I need separate modules for the X and O game pieces. They should have a configurable color. They should have a single configurable height parameter, shared with the grid. The sizes should scale to fit in the grid squares. The O piece is a cylinder with a hole to make it look like an O. The X piece consists of two crossing rectangular cuboids. I should be able to specify the number of X and O pieces to draw. I should also be able to turn the drawing of these pieces on or off.

5. **Piece Holders:** I would also like holders for the X and O pieces. They should be next to the board, and have a unique configurable color. The X holder should be two cylinders at the right distance to hold the X piece, while the O holder should be a cylinder at the right radius to hold the O piece. They should both be elevated from the board with a matching height parameter. The size of the holders should be based on the blocks on the gameboard. I should be able to turn these drawing on or off.

I'm hoping to be able to use the customizer to set these parameters. I'd like it all in one file if possible, but I could handle separate files if needed, though I'd prefer not to. I don't need any other libraries, just the standard OpenSCAD functions.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD file(s) for me?

[Assistant]
TTT-v1.scad:
```
// These are available as Parameters in the customizer
// Board size
BoardSize = 160;

// Draw board bottom
DrawBottom = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Draw board grid
DrawGrid = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Draw X Pieces
DrawX = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Number of X Pieces
XCount = 5; // [1:10]

// Draw O Pieces
DrawO = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Number of O Pieces
OCount = 5; // [1:10]

// Draw X Holder
XHolder = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Draw O Holder
OHolder = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// I don't want these in the customizer. Trivial expressions will hide them.

//Default 0, greater than 0 ignores $fa, $fs
$fn=0 * 1.0;

//Fragment Angle (min 0.01)
$fa=0.01 * 1.0;

//Use only $fs fine=0.1, course=0.5
$fs=0.1 * 1.0;

// Height of grid lines and pieces
GridHeight = 3 * 1.0;

// minimum gridwidth line is 1mm
GridWidth = max(1, BoardSize / 40);

// Inside size of squares - accounts for 4 lines vertical and horizontal
BlockSize = (BoardSize - (4*GridWidth) ) / 3;

// Thickness of the bottom board
BoardThickness = 1 * 1.0;

// These are for the X and O pieces
legLength = (0.95 * BlockSize);
legWidth = legLength / 5;
// O are a little smaller to be comparable to X when measured across
oRadius = (0.81 * BlockSize) / 2;

//===========================================================================
module X_game_piece()
{
    // Ensure they fit no matter which way they are turned

    color("blue")
    {
        rotate(-45) cube([legWidth,legLength,GridHeight],center=true);
        rotate(+45) cube([legWidth,legLength,GridHeight],center=true);
    }
}

module O_game_piece()
{
    color("red")
    difference()
    {
        cylinder(r=oRadius,h=GridHeight,center=true,$fn=180);
        cylinder(r=oRadius-legWidth,h=GridHeight+0.1,center=true,$fn=180);
    }
}

//===========================================================================

module board_bottom()
{
    color("green")
    cube([BoardSize, BoardSize, BoardThickness]);
}

module board_grid()
{
    // z of the grid iff on top of the board
    z = BoardThickness - 0.001;

    for( X = [0:3])
    {
        // left to right
        color("black")
        translate([(X * (BlockSize + GridWidth)), 0, z])
        cube([GridWidth, BoardSize, GridHeight ]);

        // bottom to top
        color("black")
        translate([0,(X * (BlockSize + GridWidth)), z])
        cube([BoardSize, GridWidth, GridHeight ]);
    }
}

//===========================================================================

module X_Holder()
{
    // Fits in one block
    baseSize = BlockSize - 1;
    radius = GridWidth;

    color("lightblue")
    {
        cube([baseSize, baseSize, BoardThickness]);

        h = sqrt(2 * pow(legWidth,2));
        offsetNeg = baseSize/2 - h/2 - radius;
        offsetPos = baseSize/2 + h/2 + radius;

        // on top of base (minus fraction to ensure stuck) + half height since center=true
        translate([ offsetNeg , offsetNeg, BoardThickness -0.001 + GridHeight*3 ])
        cylinder(r=radius, h=GridHeight * 6, center=true);

        translate([ offsetPos, offsetPos, BoardThickness -0.001 + GridHeight*3])
        cylinder(r=radius, h=GridHeight * 6, center=true);
    }
}

module O_Holder()
{
    // Fits in one block
    baseSize = BlockSize - 1;
    // slightly smaller than O piece hole radius
    radius = oRadius - legWidth - 0.5;

    color("indianred")
    {
        cube([baseSize, baseSize, BoardThickness]);
        translate([baseSize/2, baseSize/2, BoardThickness -0.001 + GridHeight*3])
        cylinder(r=radius, h=GridHeight * 6, center=true);
    }
}

//===========================================================================
// Draw some stuff as requested
//===========================================================================

if (DrawBottom)
{
    board_bottom();
}

if (DrawGrid)
{
    board_grid();
}

if (DrawX && XCount > 0)
{
    for(X = [0:XCount -1] )
    {
        translate([X * (BlockSize + XCount) + BlockSize/2, -BlockSize,0])
        X_game_piece();
    }
}

if (DrawO && OCount > 0)
{
    for(O = [0:OCount -1] )
    {
        translate([O * (BlockSize + XCount) + BlockSize/2, BoardSize + BlockSize,0])
        O_game_piece();
    }
}

if (XHolder)
{
    translate([BoardSize + 10, 0, 0])
    X_Holder();
}

if (OHolder)
{
    translate([BoardSize + 10, BlockSize + 10, 0])
    O_Holder();
}

```
TTT-v2.scad:
```
// These are available as Parameters in the customizer
// Board size
BoardSize = 160;

// Draw board bottom
DrawBottom = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Draw board grid
DrawGrid = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Draw X Pieces
DrawX = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Number of X Pieces
XCount = 5; // [1:10]

// Draw O Pieces
DrawO = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Number of O Pieces
OCount = 5; // [1:10]

// Draw X Holder
XHolder = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Draw O Holder
OHolder = 1; // [0:false, 1:true]

// Number of grid squares per dimension (x and y)
GridSquaresPerSide = 3; // [1:10]

// I don't want these in the customizer. Trivial expressions will hide them.

//Default 0, greater than 0 ignores $fa, $fs
$fn=0 * 1.0;

//Fragment Angle (min 0.01)
$fa=0.01 * 1.0;

//Use only $fs fine=0.1, course=0.5
$fs=0.1 * 1.0;

// Height of grid lines and pieces
GridHeight = 3 * 1.0;

// minimum gridwidth line is 1mm
GridWidth = max(1, BoardSize / 40);

// Inside size of squares - accounts for 4 lines vertical and horizontal
BlockSize = (BoardSize - ((GridSquaresPerSide + 1)*GridWidth) ) / GridSquaresPerSide;

// Thickness of the bottom board
BoardThickness = 1 * 1.0;

// These are for the X and O pieces
legLength = (0.95 * BlockSize);
legWidth = legLength / 5;
// O are a little smaller to be comparable to X when measured across
oRadius = (0.81 * BlockSize) / 2;

//===========================================================================
module X_game_piece()
{
    // Ensure they fit no matter which way they are turned

    color("blue")
    {
        rotate(-45) cube([legWidth,legLength,GridHeight],center=true);
        rotate(+45) cube([legWidth,legLength,GridHeight],center=true);
    }
}

module O_game_piece()
{
    color("red")
    difference()
    {
        cylinder(r=oRadius,h=GridHeight,center=true,$fn=180);
        cylinder(r=oRadius-legWidth,h=GridHeight+0.1,center=true,$fn=180);
    }
}

//===========================================================================

module board_bottom()
{
    color("green")
    cube([BoardSize, BoardSize, BoardThickness]);
}

module board_grid()
{
    // z of the grid iff on top of the board
    z = BoardThickness - 0.001;

    for( X = [0:GridSquaresPerSide])
    {
        // left to right
        color("black")
        translate([(X * (BlockSize + GridWidth)), 0, z])
        cube([GridWidth, BoardSize, GridHeight ]);

        // bottom to top
        color("black")
        translate([0,(X * (BlockSize + GridWidth)), z])
        cube([BoardSize, GridWidth, GridHeight ]);
    }
}

//===========================================================================

module X_Holder()
{
    // Fits in one block
    baseSize = BlockSize - 1;
    radius = GridWidth;

    color("lightblue")
    {
        cube([baseSize, baseSize, BoardThickness]);

        h = sqrt(2 * pow(legWidth,2));
        offsetNeg = baseSize/2 - h/2 - radius;
        offsetPos = baseSize/2 + h/2 + radius;

        // on top of base (minus fraction to ensure stuck) + half height since center=true
        translate([ offsetNeg , offsetNeg, BoardThickness -0.001 + GridHeight*3 ])
        cylinder(r=radius, h=GridHeight * 6, center=true);

        translate([ offsetPos, offsetPos, BoardThickness -0.001 + GridHeight*3])
        cylinder(r=radius, h=GridHeight * 6, center=true);
    }
}

module O_Holder()
{
    // Fits in one block
    baseSize = BlockSize - 1;
    // slightly smaller than O piece hole radius
    radius = oRadius - legWidth - 0.5;

    color("indianred")
    {
        cube([baseSize, baseSize, BoardThickness]);
        translate([baseSize/2, baseSize/2, BoardThickness -0.001 + GridHeight*3])
        cylinder(r=radius, h=GridHeight * 6, center=true);
    }
}

//===========================================================================
// Draw some stuff as requested
//===========================================================================

if (DrawBottom)
{
    board_bottom();
}

if (DrawGrid)
{
    board_grid();
}

if (DrawX && XCount > 0)
{
    for(X = [0:XCount -1] )
    {
        translate([X * (BlockSize + XCount) + BlockSize/2, -BlockSize,0])
        X_game_piece();
    }
}

if (DrawO && OCount > 0)
{
    for(O = [0:OCount -1] )
    {
        translate([O * (BlockSize + XCount) + BlockSize/2, BoardSize + BlockSize,0])
        O_game_piece();
    }
}

if (XHolder)
{
    translate([BoardSize + 10, 0, 0])
    X_Holder();
}

if (OHolder)
{
    translate([BoardSize + 10, BlockSize + 10, 0])
    O_Holder();
}

```


[User]
Okay, I need a bird feeder design that screws onto a standard plastic bottle. I'd like it to be parametric so I can easily adjust it to fit different bottle neck sizes. I want to make sure the feeder bowl has some drainage holes in case it rains.

Here's a breakdown of the features I'm looking for:

**Bottle Mount:**

*   **Threaded Connection:** It needs a screw thread to attach to the bottle. The thread should be customizable in terms of radius, height, offset from the top, number of threads, slope per turn, and overlapping angle. The thread should be generated using the `screw` module from an existing OpenSCAD library.
*   **Outer Radius (cr):**  The outer radius of the mount should match the outer diameter of the bottle neck, including the threads.
*   **Inner Radius (ir):** The inner radius of the mount should match the opening diameter of the bottle neck.
*   **Mount Height (ch):** The height of the threaded mount portion.
*   **Thread Offset (so):**  The distance from the top of the mount to the start of the thread.
*   **Thread Count (c):**  The number of threads.
*   **Thread Slope (s):** The vertical distance the thread rises with each turn (pitch).
*   **Thread Overlap Angle (oa):** The overlapping angle of the thread (usually something like 40 or so).

**Feeder Bowl:**

*   **Bowl Shape:** The bowl should be roughly circular or a shallow bowl with a flat portion and a lip to help hold the seeds.
*   **Wall Thickness (wt):** The thickness of the bowl's edge/lip, which acts as a perch for birds.
*   **Main Wall Thickness (tt):** The thickness of the rest of the feeder's walls, not the bird perch.
*   **Mount Height (mh):** The spacing between the bowl and the connector part of the bottle thread (so seeds don't get stuck in the thread area).
*   **Bowl Height (bh):** The height of the feeder bowl.
*  **Bowl Length (l):** The length of the bowl
*   **Drainage Holes:**  I need drainage holes at the bottom of the bowl (2 should be fine) to prevent water from accumulating if it rains.

**General Requirements:**

*   **Parametric:** All the dimensions described above should be adjustable as parameters.
*   **Thread Generation:** The thread should be created using the provided `screw` module (I can send it to you if needed, or you can include it directly in the design files).
*   **Resolution:** Should use a `$fn=64` resolution for rendering the cylinders and curved parts
*   **Render Test Option:**  It'd be nice to have a "renderThreadTest" option that, when true, renders just the thread mount, so I can test the fit before printing the entire feeder. This means it needs to render the thread AND the mount area at least the first cylinder of the main module, and the thread needs to begin at the correct height from the bottom of that cylinder.
*   **Unit:** All units should be in millimeters (mm).

I'm aiming for a design that's easy to print and customize. It will need to define all the different modules and functions. Please make sure it uses libraries that are available in OpenSCAD, preferably BOSL or BOLTS. It would be great if you could break it down into modules, similar to my example code, with a main `feeder` module.

[Assistant]
bird_feederV2.scad:
```
/*[ Bottle Mount Parameters ]*/
//the standard settings match german bottles with a bigger opening ~40mm diameter, ~11mm height and 2 threads

// mount radius (mm) (should match the outer bottle neck radius including the thread)
cr = 19;

// inner radius (mm) (should match the opening of the bottle neck)
ir = 16.5;

// mount height (mm)
ch = 10;

// thread offset from top (mm)
so = 3.5;

// thread count
c = 2;

// thread slope per turn (mm)
s = 8;

//overlapping angle of the threads (deg)
oa = 40;

/*[ Feeder Paramters ]*/

// add drainage holes (in case of rain)
drain = true;

// wall thickness for the bowl (mm) (for the birds to sit on)
wt = 3.5;

// wall thickness for the rest of the feeder (mm)
tt = 2;

//spacing between bowl and connector (that seeds dont get stuck) (mm)
mh = 10;

// bowl wall height (mm)
bh = 16;

// length of the feeder bowl (mm)
l = 60;

/*[ Render Settings ]*/
// render resolution for the cylinders
$fn=64;

// render only the thread for testing
renderThreadTest = false;

h = bh + mh + ch;

if(renderThreadTest){
    threadTest();
} else {
    feeder();
}

module feeder(){
    difference(){
        union(){
            translate([ir,0,0])minkowski(){
                translate([0,-cr,0])cube([l-tt,cr*2,bh]);
                cylinder(0.01, r = tt);
            }
            linear_extrude(bh){
                polygon(points=[[0,ir+tt],[ir,cr+tt],[ir,-cr-tt],[0,-ir-tt]], paths=[[0,1,2,3]]);
            }

            translate([0,0,h-ch-tt])cylinder(ch+tt, r=cr+tt);
            cylinder(h-ch-tt+0.01, r2=cr+tt, r1= ir+tt);
        }
        difference(){
            union(){
                minkowski(){
                    translate([ir,-cr+wt,tt])cube([l-wt-tt,(cr-wt)*2,h-ch-2*tt+.01]);
                    cylinder(0.01, r = tt);
                }
                translate([0,0,tt])linear_extrude(mh+bh-2*tt+.02){
                    polygon(points=[[0,ir],[ir,cr+tt-wt],[ir,-cr-tt+wt],[0,-ir]], paths=[[0,1,2,3]]);
                }

                translate([0,0,tt])cylinder(h-tt, r=ir);
                translate([0,0,h-ch])cylinder(ch, r=cr);
                translate([0,0,h-1+.01])cylinder(1, r1=cr, r2=cr+1);

                translate([0,cr+tt,-0.01])rotate([90,0,0])linear_extrude((cr+tt)*2){
                    polygon(points=[[-cr+bh-tt,0],[-cr-tt,0],[-cr-tt,h-ch-tt]], paths=[[0,1,2]]);
                }
                if(drain){
                    translate([ir+l-tt-wt,cr-wt,-0.01])cylinder(bh+0.01, r = tt);
                    translate([ir+l-tt-wt,-cr+wt,-0.01])cylinder(bh+0.01, r = tt);
                }
            }
            translate([0,cr,-0.01])rotate([90,0,0])linear_extrude(cr*2){
                polygon(points=[[-ir+bh,tt],[-cr+bh-tt,0],[-cr-tt,h-ch-tt],[-ir,h-ch]], paths=[[0,1,2,3]]);
            }

        }
    }
    translate([0,0,h-so])rotate([0,180,0]){
        for ( i = [0 : (c-1)] ){
            screw (360/c*i,360/c*(i+1)+oa,s,cr);
        }
    }
}

//this is just for testing if the thread fits the bottle. Enable this in the render settings
module threadTest(){
    difference(){
        cylinder(ch+tt, r=cr+tt);
        translate([0,0,-0.01])cylinder(ch+tt, r=ir);
        translate([0,0,tt])cylinder(ch+0.01, r=cr);
        translate([0,0,ch+tt-1+.01])cylinder(1, r1=cr, r2=cr+1);
    }
    translate([0,0,ch+tt-so])rotate([0,180,0]){
        for ( i = [0 : (c-1)] ){
            screw (360/c*i,360/c*(i+1)+oa,s,cr);
        }
    }
}

module screw (Sta,End,Pas,Ray){ // filet - thread
    //screw module taken from  Necks & Caps for DIY projects,Xavan June 2016, https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1654620
    module motif (a){//trapeze - threadform
        $Z1=2;//largeur base
        $Z2=1;//largeur sommet
        $X1=1;//distance base sommet (std 1.0)
        // dans le plan x-z
        cube([0.1,0.1,$Z1],true);
        translate([-a*$X1,0,0])cube([0.1,0.1,$Z2],true);
    }
    Ste=5;//pas angulaire
    //Pas mm/360°
    //Ray rayon centre du motif
    //Sta angle de départ
    //End angle de fin
    for (Rz = [Sta:Ste:End]) {//Rz rotation Z
        a= Rz>Sta ? 1: 0;
        b= Rz<End ? 1: 0;
        Ap=Pas*(Rz-Sta)/360;//Ap avancement du pas en Z
        Ap1=Ap+Pas*Ste/360;//Ap1 avancement du pas en Z+1
        hull (){
            rotate ([0,0,Rz])translate([Ray,0,Ap])motif (a);
            rotate ([0,0,Rz+Ste]) translate([Ray,0,Ap1])motif (b);
        }
     }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a modular storage system using OpenSCAD. I want to be able to print individual boxes that can be stacked and connected to each other, creating a larger storage unit. I'd like the design to be parametric so that I can easily adjust the dimensions, number of boxes in each dimension, and connector sizes to fit my needs and printer tolerances.

Specifically, I'd like the system to be based on a grid system, where each box occupies one or more cells within the grid. The boxes themselves should be simple rectangular prisms with a given thickness. I need to be able to specify the number of cells the box occupies in the x, y, and z directions.

The boxes should be joined using a pin-and-hole system. Each box should have pins extending from its edges, designed to slot into corresponding holes in adjacent boxes. The pins and holes need to be customizable in terms of size and clearance to accommodate different printer tolerances.

I would like one of the boxes to include a drawer. The drawer should have a handle hole, and a cutout in the back to reduce material use and improve print quality. I'd like to be able to specify the drawer's size and position, handle hole size, and cutout shape.

I'd also like to include fillets on the external corners and edges to make the box easier to handle.

I'm imagining the code will use modules, and that I would define the following parameters:

*   `gridsize`: The size of each grid cell.
*   `thickness`: The thickness of the box walls.
*   `width`: The number of grid cells the box occupies in the x direction.
*   `height`: The number of grid cells the box occupies in the z direction.
*   `depth`: The number of grid cells the box occupies in the y direction.
*   `rounding`: The radius of the fillets on the external corners and edges.
*   `pinsize`: The diameter of the pins.
*    `pin_clearing`: The clearance between pins and holes.
*   `drawer_thickness`: The thickness of the drawer walls.
*   `drawer_clearing`: The clearance between the drawer and the box.
*   `drawer_hole_size`: The diameter of the hole used to pull out the drawer.
*   `drawer_hole_top_offset`: The distance from the top of the drawer to the center of the handle hole.
*    `drawer_cutout_size`: The size of the drawer cutout
*    `drawer_cutout_rotation`: The rotation of the drawer cutout.

The code should generate two main modules: `box()` for the main box structure, and `drawer()` for the drawer component, and a separate `pin()` module for the connecting pins.

I'm not sure if it matters, but I'd also like the pin to have a different shape at the end, like a hook or a mushroom shape, to keep the pins from pulling out.

I think that covers everything. Let me know if you need more information!

[Assistant]
gewuerzbox.scad:
```
gridsize = 60;
thickness = 5;

width = 2;
height = 3;
depth = 3;
rounding = 1;

pinsize = 10;
pin_clearing = 2;

drawer_thickness = 2;
drawer_clearing = 6;
drawer_hole_size = 15;
drawer_hole_top_offset = 10;
drawer_cutout_size = 25;
drawer_cutout_rotateion = 30;

module drawer_back_cutout(offset, x, y) {
    translate([0, y-drawer_cutout_size-offset, 0+offset])
        rotate([drawer_cutout_rotateion, 0, 0])
        translate([0,0,-1000]) cube(1000, 1000, 1000);

    translate([0+offset, y-drawer_cutout_size-offset, 0])
        rotate([0, 0, 90-drawer_cutout_rotateion])
        cube(1000, 1000, 1000);

    translate([x-offset, y-drawer_cutout_size-offset, 0])
        rotate([0, 0, drawer_cutout_rotateion])
        cube(1000, 1000, 1000);
}
module drawer() {
    difference() {
        x = gridsize*width - 2*thickness - drawer_clearing;
        y = gridsize*depth- 2*thickness;
        z = gridsize*height- 2*thickness - drawer_clearing;
        cube([x, y, z]);
        drawer_back_cutout(0, x, y);

        difference() {
            translate([drawer_thickness,drawer_thickness,drawer_thickness])
                cube([x - 2*drawer_thickness, y - 2*drawer_thickness, z]);
            drawer_back_cutout(sqrt(drawer_thickness), x, y);
        }

        translate([x/2, 0, z-drawer_hole_top_offset-(drawer_hole_size/2)])
            rotate([90,0,0])
            cylinder(d=drawer_hole_size, h=drawer_thickness*3, center=true);
    }
}

module box() {

    module cutout(x, z) {
        translate([x*gridsize + thickness, -10, z*gridsize + thickness])
            cube([gridsize-(2*thickness), (depth*gridsize)+20, gridsize-(2*thickness)]);
    }
    module gridnode(x, z) {
        difference() {
            translate([x*gridsize, 0, z*gridsize])
                cube([gridsize, depth*gridsize, gridsize]);
            cutout(x, z);
            translate([x*gridsize + gridsize/2, thickness*2, 0]) cylinder(h=10000, d=pinsize, $fn=60, center=true);
            translate([0, thickness*2, z*gridsize + gridsize/2]) rotate([0, 90, 0]) cylinder(h=10000, d=pinsize, $fn=60, center=true);
        }
    }

    difference() {
        for(x=[0:1:width-1]) {
            for(z=[0:1:height-1]) {
                gridnode(x, z);
            }
        }
        hull() {
            for(x=[0:1:width-1]) {
                for(z=[0:1:height-1]) {
                    cutout(x, z);
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

module pin(length) {
    difference() {
        union() {
            cylinder(d1 = pinsize*2 - 2, d2 = pinsize*2, h=2, $fn=60);
            translate([0,0,2]) cylinder(d = pinsize*2, h=0.5, $fn=60);

            cylinder(d=pinsize-pin_clearing, h=2.5 + length + 3, $fn=60);
            translate([0, 0, 2.5 + length+1.3]) cylinder(d1 = pinsize, d2=pinsize/2, h=5, $fn=60);
        }
        hull() {
            translate([0,0,length]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(d=2, h=1000, center=true, $fn=40);
            translate([0,0,40]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(d=2, h=1000, center=true, $fn=40);
        }
    }
}

//translate([-gridsize*width  - 20, 0, 0]) drawer();
box();
//translate([-20, 0, 0]) pin(thickness*2);
//translate([-50, 0, 0]) pin(thickness);
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get some parametric desk mounts designed. I've got a bunch of different devices I want to hide under my desk – power supplies, routers, smart hubs, the usual suspects – and I'd rather not design a separate mount for each. I've already got a basic idea of what I need, but it's a bit too rigid, so I could use some help getting it right.

Essentially, I need a mount that's a flat base with two vertical arms, each with a hole for a screw. The mount should be able to hold objects of varying sizes and should have some key parameters for customization.

Here are the parameters I need to be able to adjust:

*   **subject\_width**: The width of the device that will be sitting on the mount (in mm).
*   **subject\_height**: The height of the device that will be sitting on the mount (in mm).
*   **mount\_depth**: The depth of the mount, basically how far it sticks out from the device (in mm).
*   **mount\_thickness**: The thickness of the mount itself (in mm).
*   **hole\_radius**: The radius of the screw hole (in mm).

The base of the mount should have a width equal to `subject_width` and a depth equal to `mount_depth` and a thickness of `mount_thickness`. The vertical arms should be placed at each end of the base, each with a height equal to `subject_height + mount_thickness`. Each arm also needs a screw hole, placed at an offset, using the `mount_depth`.

I'd like to have an OpenSCAD file that can generate this mount, with all these parameters adjustable via the customizer. It'd be great if the model was also rotated correctly by default for printing – rotated by 90 degrees around the X axis.

I don't think I need any external libraries to achieve this, it's a fairly simple design but I'm not that confident I can code this, hence the request! Can you help me with that?

[Assistant]
Desk_mount.scad:
```
/* SUBJECT DETAILS */
// Width of YOUR object (mm)
subject_width = 60;

// Height of YOUR object (mm)
subject_height = 30;

/* MOUNT DETAILS */
// Depth (mm)
mount_depth = 10;
// Thickness (mm)
mount_thickness = 3;

// Screw hole radius (mm)
hole_radius = 3;

// Part that has the screw hole
module handle_bit(x_offset) {
    translate([x_offset, 0, subject_height]) {
        difference() {
            cube([mount_depth, mount_depth, mount_thickness]);
            translate([mount_depth / 2, mount_depth / 2, -1]) {
                cylinder(mount_thickness + 2, hole_radius / 2, hole_radius / 2);
            }
        }
    }
}

// Vertical part of the mount
module handle(x_offset, bit_offset) {
    translate([x_offset,0,0]) {
        cube([mount_thickness,mount_depth,mount_thickness + subject_height]);
        handle_bit(bit_offset);
    }
}

module main() {
    // Main mount
    cube([subject_width,mount_depth,mount_thickness]);

    // Left handle
    handle(-mount_thickness, -mount_depth);

    // Right handle
    handle(subject_width, mount_thickness);
}

rotate([90, 0, 0]) {
   main();
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a parametric design for a French cleat tool holder created in OpenSCAD. I found this really cool design online, but it's a bit clunky, and I'd love to have something more flexible.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **French Cleat:** The core of the design needs to have that beveled French cleat profile that allows it to hang securely. I'm using the standard 45-degree bevel.
*   **Shelf Options:** I want to be able to choose whether to include a top shelf, a bottom shelf, or both. If a top shelf is there, it should have a thickness parameter as well as height from the back of the cleat. Same with the bottom shelf, but the bottom shelf can also be optional if we want to add holes. Also, the depth of both shelves should be adjustable.
*   **Holes:** I need the option to include holes for tools on the shelf or shelves. These can be in a grid with a configurable number of columns and rows. The spacing between the holes in each dimension should be adjustable, either with fixed spacing or automatic based on how many holes I want to use. I’d like to be able to adjust the depth and width of the holes, and there should be an angle variable to offset the ellipse used for the hole, unless a hex-hole shape is selected.
*   **Hex-Holes for bits:** Importantly, I also need the option to switch to a hex-shaped hole for bit-holders rather than an ellipse shape, and be able to control the diameter of that hexagon hole separately from the other hole dimensions.
*   **Text Labels:** I’d like to be able to add text labels: a centered label at the top of the holder, and labels for each column. The text size should be configurable.
*   **Parameters:** Everything should be controlled via parameters:
    *   Cleat height, depth, and thickness.
    *   Fixed shelf depth.
    *   Top shelf height and thickness.
    *   Back thickness.
    *   Bottom shelf thickness.
    *   Toggle for top shelf, bottom shelf.
    *   Toggle for holes in the bottom shelf: none, full, or half-depth.
    *   Hole depth, width, and angle.
    *   Number of columns and rows of holes.
    *   Fixed spacing for holes in both axes.
    *   Text label size.
    *   Centered label text.
    *   Column label text (an array of strings).
    *   Hex-hole diameter and toggle to enable hex-holes or not.
*   **Units:** Everything should be in millimeters.

I'd like to be able to adjust pretty much everything via variables at the start of the file.

Could you generate that for me? I don't need any libraries other than standard OpenSCAD; this seems simple enough. Thanks!

[Assistant]
cleatToolHolder_Bit_Hexagon.scad:
```
/*
 * Configurable French Cleat Tool Holder
 *
 * by 4iqvmk, 2018-07-05
 * https://www.thingiverse.com/4iqvmk/
 * https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2993909
 *
 * added section for configuring hex-holes for bit-holders
 * by janosch111, 2021-01-03
 * https://www.thingiverse.com/janosch111/
 *
 * Licenced under Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 4.0
 *
 * version 1.00 - initial version
*/

// Note: default parameters will make a holder for 8x4 bits or other hex-tools

/* [Hidden] */

inch2mm = 0.3048/12*1000;
mm2inch = 12/0.3048/1000;
$fn=60;

// preview[view:south west, tilt:top diagonal]

/* [Parameters] */

// mm
cleatHeight = 50; // [0:1:200]

// mm
cleatDepth = 18; // [0:1:30]

// mm
cleatThickness = 6; // [0:1:20]

// mm, used if > 0
fixedShelfDepth = 70; // [0:1:200]

// mm
topShelfHeight = 20; // [0:1:200]

// mm
backThickness = 6; // [1:1:20]

// mm
shelfThickness = 6; // [1:1:20]

// Is top shelf included?
topShelf = 1; // [0:no, 1:yes]

// Is bottom shelf included?
bottomShelf = 1; // [0:no, 1:yes]

// Are holes included in bottom shelf?
bottomHole = 0; // [0:no, 1:yes, 2:half]

// mm
holeDepthAxis = 8.5; // [1:1:100] (can be overwritten by holeShape=="hex")

// mm
holeWidthAxis = 8.5; // [1:1:100] (can be overwritten by holeShape=="hex")

// deg
holeAngle = 45; // [-45:1:45] (can be deactivated by holeShape=="hex")

// --- START: Special Section for hex-holes ---

// Hex hole diameter
hexHoleDia = 7.8;       // only relevant when holeShape=="hex"

// Hex or round hole?
holeShape = "hex"; //[hex, round] ("hex" enables bit-holder mode / "round" enables normal mode)

// --- END: Special Section for hex-holes ---

numCols = 8; // [1:10]

numRows = 4; // [1:10]

// mm, used if > 0
fixedHoleWidthSpacing = 0; // [0:100]

// mm, used if > 0
fixedHoleDepthSpacing = 0; // [0:100]

// mm
labelTextSize = 7; // [0:1:50]

// Centered at the top
centerLabelText = "Bits";

// Centered over each column
// colLabelText = ["Thin", "Med", "Thick"];
colLabelText = "";

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Calculated values
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

makeToolHolder(cleatHeight, cleatDepth, cleatThickness, fixedShelfDepth,
    topShelfHeight, backThickness, shelfThickness, topShelf, bottomShelf,
    bottomHole, holeDepthAxis, holeWidthAxis, holeAngle, numCols,
    numRows, fixedHoleWidthSpacing, fixedHoleDepthSpacing, labelTextSize,
    centerLabelText, colLabelText);

module makeToolHolder(cleatHeight, cleatDepth, cleatThickness, fixedShelfDepth,
    topShelfHeight, backThickness, shelfThickness, topShelf, bottomShelf,
    bottomHole, holeDepthAxis, holeWidthAxis, holeAngle, numCols,
    numRows, fixedHoleWidthSpacing, fixedHoleDepthSpacing, labelTextSize,
    centerLabelText, colLabelText) {

    // height

    maxHeight = cleatHeight + topShelf*topShelfHeight;

    // thickness and roundovers

    maxThickness = max(shelfThickness, backThickness);
    filletRadius = min(maxThickness, 5);

    shelfRoundOverRadius = shelfThickness/4;
    backRoundOverRadius = backThickness/4;
    cleatRoundOverRadius = cleatThickness/8;

    // hole dimensions

    holeWidth = sqrt(pow(holeWidthAxis,2) * pow(cos(holeAngle),2) + pow(holeDepthAxis,2) * pow(sin(holeAngle),2));
    holeDepth = sqrt(pow(holeWidthAxis,2) * pow(sin(holeAngle),2) + pow(holeDepthAxis,2) * pow(cos(holeAngle),2));

    holeNarrowWidth = holeDepthAxis * holeWidthAxis / holeDepth;
    holeNarrowDepth = holeDepthAxis * holeWidthAxis / holeWidth;

    // width spacing

    holeSpacing = (fixedHoleWidthSpacing > 0) ? fixedHoleWidthSpacing : shelfThickness/2/cos(holeAngle);

    width = holeSpacing + holeWidth + (numCols-1)*(holeNarrowWidth + holeSpacing);

    // depth spacing

    // if fixed depth is specified, use that
    // if fixed spacing is specified, use that

    if (fixedShelfDepth > 0) {

        shelfDepth = fixedShelfDepth;

        depthSpace = (fixedHoleDepthSpacing > 0) ? fixedHoleDepthSpacing : (shelfDepth - holeDepth - holeNarrowDepth*(numRows-1))/(numRows+1);

        makeSolid(shelfDepth, depthSpace);

    } else {

        depthSpace = (fixedHoleDepthSpacing > 0) ? fixedHoleDepthSpacing : (shelfDepth - holeDepth - holeNarrowDepth*(numRows-1))/(numRows+1);

        shelfDepth = holeDepth + depthSpace + (holeNarrowDepth + depthSpace)*(numRows -1);

        makeSolid(shelfDepth, depthSpace);

    }

    module makeSolid(shelfDepth, depthSpace) {

        maxDepth = shelfDepth + backThickness;

        rotate(a=180, v=[0,0,1]) {
            translate([-maxDepth/2, -maxHeight/2, 0]) {
                difference() {

                    linear_extrude(width) {
                        makeProfile(shelfDepth);
                    }

                    for (k = [0:numCols-1]) {

                        zcenter = holeWidth/2 + holeSpacing/2 + k*(holeSpacing + holeNarrowWidth);

                        for (j = [0:numRows-1]) {

                            // tool hole

                            xcenter = maxDepth - holeDepth/2 - depthSpace/2 - (depthSpace + holeNarrowDepth)*j;

                            if (topShelf) {
                                translate([xcenter, topShelfHeight-1.5*shelfThickness, zcenter]) {
                                    rotate(a=-90, v=[1,0,0]) {

                                        if (holeShape=="hex") {
                                            // --- Special mode for hex-hole bit-holder ---
                                            rotate(a=-30, v=[0,0,1]) {  // for better printing results
                                                cylinder(d=hexHoleDia, h=2*shelfThickness, $fn=6);
                                            }
                                        } else {
                                            // --- Normal mode ---
                                            linear_extrude(2*shelfThickness) {
                                                ellipse(holeDepthAxis, holeWidthAxis, -holeAngle);
                                            }
                                        }

                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            if (bottomShelf) {
                                if (bottomHole==1) {
                                    translate([xcenter, -0.5*shelfThickness, zcenter]) {
                                        rotate(a=-90, v=[1,0,0]) {
                                            linear_extrude(2*shelfThickness) {
                                                ellipse(holeDepthAxis, holeWidthAxis, -holeAngle);
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }

                                if (bottomHole==2) {
                                    translate([xcenter, shelfThickness/2, zcenter]) {
                                        rotate(a=-90, v=[1,0,0]) {
                                            linear_extrude(1*shelfThickness) {
                                                ellipse(holeDepthAxis, holeWidthAxis, -holeAngle);
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                        }

                        if (len(centerLabelText) > 0) {
                            if (len(colLabelText) > 0) {
                                addText(labelTextSize, colLabelText[numCols - 1 - k], maxHeight-backThickness - labelTextSize*2, zcenter);

                                translate([backThickness - 1, maxHeight-backThickness - labelTextSize*1.5, width*0.05]) {
                                    linear_extrude(width*0.9) {
                                        square([2, 1]);
                                    }
                                }

                            }

                        } else {
                            addText(labelTextSize, colLabelText[numCols - 1 - k], maxHeight-backThickness, zcenter);
                        }

                    }

                    addText(labelTextSize, centerLabelText, maxHeight-backThickness, width/2);

                }
            }
        }
    }

    module makeProfile(shelfDepth) {

        union() {

            // offsets for fillets
            offset(-filletRadius) {
                offset(filletRadius) {

                    union() {

                        // back profile
                        hull() {

                            translate([backRoundOverRadius, backRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                circle(r=backRoundOverRadius);
                            }
                            translate([backThickness - backRoundOverRadius, backRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                circle(r=backRoundOverRadius);
                            }
                            translate([backRoundOverRadius, maxHeight-backRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                circle(r=backRoundOverRadius);
                            }
                            translate([backThickness - backRoundOverRadius, maxHeight-backRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                circle(r=backRoundOverRadius);
                            }

                        }

                        // holder profile
                        if (topShelf) {
                            hull() {

                                translate([0, topShelfHeight - shelfThickness, 0]) {
                                    square([0.01*backThickness,shelfThickness]);
                                }
                                translate([shelfDepth + backThickness - shelfRoundOverRadius, topShelfHeight - shelfThickness + shelfRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                    circle(r=shelfRoundOverRadius);
                                }
                                translate([shelfDepth + backThickness - shelfRoundOverRadius, topShelfHeight - shelfRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                    circle(r=shelfRoundOverRadius);
                                }

                            }
                        }

                        // bottom shelf profile
                        if (bottomShelf) {
                            hull() {

                                translate([shelfRoundOverRadius, shelfRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                    circle(r=shelfRoundOverRadius);
                                }
                                translate([shelfRoundOverRadius, shelfThickness - shelfRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                    circle(r=shelfRoundOverRadius);
                                }
                                translate([shelfDepth + backThickness - shelfRoundOverRadius, shelfRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                    circle(r=shelfRoundOverRadius);
                                }
                                translate([shelfDepth + backThickness - shelfRoundOverRadius, shelfThickness - shelfRoundOverRadius, 0]) {
                                    circle(r=shelfRoundOverRadius);
                                }

                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // cleat profile
            hull() {

                translate([0, maxHeight-backThickness-cleatThickness*sqrt(2), 0]) {
                    square([0.01*backThickness,cleatThickness*sqrt(2)]);
                }
                translate([-cleatDepth + cleatRoundOverRadius, maxHeight-backThickness-cleatDepth-cleatRoundOverRadius*tan(22.5), 0]) {
                    circle(r=cleatRoundOverRadius);
                }
                translate([-cleatDepth + cleatRoundOverRadius, maxHeight-backThickness-cleatDepth-cleatThickness*sqrt(2)+cleatRoundOverRadius/tan(22.5), 0]) {
                    circle(r=cleatRoundOverRadius);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    module ellipse(a, b, rotation) {
        rotate(a = rotation) {
            scale([a/2, b/2]) {
                circle(r=1);
            }
        }
    }

    module addText(textSize, textStr, x, z) {
        textDepth = min(0.25*backThickness, 2);

        translate ( [backThickness-textDepth, x, z] ) {
            rotate( a = 90, v=[0, 1, 0]) {
                linear_extrude(height = backThickness) {
                    text(text = textStr, size = textSize, halign="center", valign="top", $fn=20);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design that can generate all sorts of knobs, like for potentiometers, 3D printer extruders, or even for things like water spouts. It needs to be highly customizable.

Here's what I need it to do:

**Core Features:**

*   **Basic Knob Shape:** It should create a cylindrical or conical base shape.  I need to be able to set the top and bottom radius, and the height of this base. Also, I need to control the number of faces on the circumference, so I can make it polygonal or round.

*   **Shaft Hole:**  I need to be able to define the radius and depth of the hole where the knob mounts to the shaft. It should also handle polygonal shafts or round shafts. I should be able to optionally cut a D-shape into the shaft hole.

*   **Optional Stem:**  I want the option to add a stem to create a mushroom-like knob, also with adjustable radius and height, and a smooth transition from the base to the stem. The stem needs to have a number of faces as well.

*   **Optional Setscrew Hole:**  It would be great if it could add a hole for a setscrew, with adjustable radius, height (from the base), and number of faces for the hole.

*   **Optional Top Rounding:** I want to have an option to round the top edge of the knob, with an adjustable radius, and also number of faces for this rounding.

*  **Optional Engraved Indicator:** It needs to have an option to engrave an indicator arrow on the top surface. I need to be able to scale the entire arrow, the arrowhead, and shaft independently, control how much the arrow is moved forward, and the depth of the engraving.

*   **Optional External Indicator:** I want the possibility of having a dial that protrudes from the circumference of the knob. I need to be able to control its height and how far it extends from the knob.

*  **Optional Indents (Spherical and Conical):** The design should optionally add spherical or conical indents around the top or circumference of the knob. I need to control:
    *  the number of indents,
    *  the radius of spherical indents or the height, top radius and bottom radius of conical indents
    *  the number of faces on these indent shapes,
    *  the distance of these indent centers from the knob's center,
    *  how deep they are cut into the knob, and
    *  a rotation offset angle for the entire set of indents.

**General Requirements:**

*   The design should include a quality setting that influences circle fragment size, which helps for faster previews.

*   It should be fully parametric so all the dimensions above can be adjusted.

I don't need any particular libraries like MCAD, BOSL, etc., but if there is any code that would help, feel free to use it.

I'm hoping to use this in OpenSCAD so I can export to STL.

[Assistant]
Knob_Factory.scad:
```
/*
Knob Factory

Version 1.2

© 2012 Steve Cooley    ( http://sc-fa.com , http://beatseqr.com , http://hapticsynapses.com )
© 2021 Matthias Ansorg ( https://ma.juii.net )

Description
===========
A parametric OpenSCAD design that allows to generate all kinds of knobs. Examples: small knobs for potentiometer inputs;
knobs for turning the extruder or an axis of the 3D printer manually; water spout knobs etc.. It's a good idea to print
only the lower 5 mm at first and then abort the print, to test if the hole diamater fits well on the shaft or if the measures
have to be tuned further.

Licence
=======
Knob Factory is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License according to
the licence note found at https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:20513 . Based on a work at sc-fa.com.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://sc-fa.com/blog/contact .
You can view the terms of the license here: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Version History
===============
1.2  2021-01-03  Option to generate knobs with stems. Major refactorings. Republished as remix on Thingiverse.
1.1  2012-04-12  Fixed the arrow indicator code to be more robust and easier to adjust parameters for.
1.0  2012-03-??  Initial release at https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:20513 .

Open Tasks
==========
* @todo Adjust $fn based on the quality parameter so that if ≥30 faces on the circumference are specified, the shape
    will be made "round", using the current quality setting.
* @todo Change the assembly order so that the external indicator is not cut by the cone indents even if they cut to the very bottom.
* @todo Add a horizontal cylinder around the setscrew hole, providing sufficient thread length where thin stems walls don't.
* @todo Add support for melt-in nuts that can be used for the setscrew hole, as seen at https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3475324
* @todo Provide an option to chamfer rather than round along the top, to allow printing without support when flipped over.
* @todo Refactor the top_rounding() module.
* @todo Make the top_rounding() operation faster. Everything else is already fast enough to navigate fluently in preview mode.
* @todo Add a printer_hole_scale parameter (or similar) to scale holes so that printing them offsets any printer calibration
    error. This keeps local calibration issues separate form the shafthole_radius parameter, which is good for sharing configurations.
* @todo Add support for more shaft shapes (rectangular, gear shaped etc.).
* @todo Support knurling of the knob circumference.
* @todo Add support for cutouts that leave spokes between the hub and circumference.
* @todo Some more "@todo" items as available inside the source code.
* @todo Add a mode where the sphere and cone indents can be rendered, to get an idea how to adapt them if they do not cut anything.
*/

// (1) CUSTOMIZER PARAMETERS
// ======================================================================

/* [Basic Parameters] */
// ---------------------

// Degree of detail in the output to allow faster previews. Influences segments for a full circle. NOT IMPLEMENTED YET.
quality = "preview"; // ["fast preview", "preview", "rendering", "final rendering"]

// Top radius of the main (cylindrical or conical) shape. [mm]
knob_radius_top = 16;

// Bottom radius of the main (cylindrical or conical) shape. [mm]
knob_radius_bottom = 14;

// Height of the main (cylindrical or conical) knob shape, without the stem. [mm]
knob_height = 5;

// Number of faces on the circumference of the knob, as on a regular polygon. ≥30 means "round, using current quality setting".
knob_faces = 7;

// Radius (at the widest point) of the shaft to which the knob is mounted. [mm]
shafthole_radius = 2.65;

// Depth of the hole for the shaft. If the knob is stopped by something mounted to the shaft, you can be generous with this measure, allowing it to catch debris from mounting without stopping the knob before its final position. [mm]
shafthole_height = 12;

// Number of faces on the cylindrical edge of the shaft hole, allowing to create holes for square, hexagonal etc. shafts. ≥30 means "round, using current quality setting".
shafthole_faces = 20;

// How much to cut off to create a D-shaped shafthole cross-section. 0 to keep it round. [mm]
shafthole_cutoff_arc_height = 0.35;

/* [Stem (optional)] */
// --------------------

// Whether to place the knob on a stem to form a mushroom shape.
enable_stem = false;

// Radius of the stem. [mm]
stem_radius = 5;

// Height of the stem. [mm]
stem_height = 10;

// Number of faces on the cylindrical part of the stem. ≥30 means "round, using current quality setting".
stem_faces = 30;

// Height of the section where the stem radius adapts, as part of the stem height. [mm]
stem_transition_height = 5;

// Radius to which the stem radius adapts at the top of the stem. [mm]
stem_transition_radius = 8.8;

/* [Setscrew Hole (optional)] */
// -------------------------

// Create a hole for a set screw, as required by some potentiometer or motor shafts to have their knobs affixed.
enable_setscrew_hole = false;

// Radius of the set screw hole. [mm]
setscrew_hole_radius = 1.01;

// Height of the set screw hole's center over the base of the knob. [mm]
setscrew_hole_height = 4;

// Number of faces on the cylindrical edge of the set screw hole. ≥30 means "round, using current quality setting".
setscrew_hole_faces = 20;

/* [Top Rounding (optional)] */
// ---------------------------------

// Enable rounding of the top edge. (Other "top rounding *" parameters are only relevant if checked.)
enable_top_rounding = false;

// Radius to use for rounding teh top edge. [mm]
top_rounding_radius = 8;

// Cylinder faces to use for the cylinder having the rounded top edge. ≥30 means "round, using current quality setting".
top_rounding_faces = 30;

/* [Engraved Indicator (optional)] */
// -------------------------------

// Whether to create an engraved indicator arrow on the top surface, or not.
enable_engraved_indicator = false;

// Scale factor for the overall arrow size.
engraved_indicator_scale = 1.01;

// Scale factor for the arrow's head size.
engraved_indicator_head_scale = 2.1;

// Scale factor for the arrow's shaft size.
engraved_indicator_shaft_scale = 1.5;

// How much to move the arrow into its pointing direction. Positive or negative. [mm]
engraved_indicator_move_forward = 3.1;

// Engraving depth. [mm]
engraved_indicator_depth = 4.2;

/* [External Indicator (optional)] */
// ------------------------------

// Whether to create a dial, protruding from the bottom of the knob's circumference.
enable_external_indicator = false;

// Height of the dialhand, from the bottom of the knob body. [mm]
external_indicator_height = 11;

// Length of the dialhand protruding over the bottom radius of the knob main shape. [mm]
external_indicator_length = 3;

/* [Sphere Indents (optional)] */
// --------------------------------------

// Whether to create cutouts around the top edge or circumference using spheres (or rather regular polyhedra) arranged in a circle.
enable_sphere_indents = false;

// Number of indenting spheres.
sphere_indents_count = 7;

// Radius of the indenting spheres. [mm]
sphere_indents_radius = 3;

// Number of faces around the outer circumference of the indenting spheres. ≥30 means "round, using current quality setting".
sphere_indents_faces = 16;

// Distance of the indenting spheres' centers from the centerline of the knob. [mm]
sphere_indents_center_distance = 12;

// Maximum depth cut by the indenting spheres, measured from the top surface of the knob. [mm]
sphere_indents_cutdepth = 3;

// Rotation offset of all spheres. Allows to align the indentations with the indicator, setscrew or outer faces. [degrees]
sphere_indents_offset_angle = 0;

/* [Cone Indents (optional)] */
// ------------------------------------

// Whether to create cutouts around the top edge or circumference using cones or cylinders arranged in a circle. When using many narrow cylinders you can create a serrating effect for better grip on the circumference surface.
enable_cone_indents = false;

// Number of indenting cones.
cone_indents_count = 7;

// Number of faces around the outer circumference of the indenting cones. ≥30 means "round, using current quality setting".
cone_indents_faces = 30;

// Height of the indenting cones. [mm]
cone_indents_height = 5.1;

// Top radius of the indenting cones. [mm]
cone_indents_top_radius = 3.1;

// Bottom radius of the indenting cones. [mm]
cone_indents_bottom_radius = 7.2;

// Distance of the indenting cones' centerlines from the centerline of the knob. [mm]
cone_indents_center_distance = 16.1;

// Maximum depth cut by the indenting cones, measured from the top surface of the knob. [mm]
cone_indents_cutdepth = 5.1;

// Rotation offset of all cones. Allows to align the indentations with the indicator, setscrew or outer faces. [degrees]
cone_indents_offset_angle = 0;

// (2) FIXED AND DERIVED MEASURES
// ======================================================================

// Prevent anything following from showing up as Customizer parameters.
/* [Hidden] */

// Small amount of overlap for unions and differences, to prevent z-fighting.
nothing = 0.01;

// Degrees per fragment of a circle. Used only where users want round outlines by specifying ≥30 faces.
$fa =
    (quality == "final rendering") ? 1 :
    (quality == "rendering") ? 3 :
    (quality == "preview") ? 6 :
    (quality == "fast preview") ? 12 : 12; // The OpenSCAD default.

// Minimum size of circle fragments in mm.
$fs =
    (quality == "final rendering") ? 0.1 :
    (quality == "rendering") ? 0.25 :
    (quality == "preview") ? 0.5 :
    (quality == "fast preview") ? 2 : 2; // The OpenSCAD default.

// (3) MAIN MODULE
// ======================================================================

knob(); // Entry point of the program.

module knob() {
	difference() {
		difference() {
            difference() {
				difference() {
					union() {
						translate([0, 0, enable_stem ? stem_height : 0]) {
                            difference() {
                                knob_base();
                                if (enable_top_rounding) top_rounding();
                            }
                            if (enable_external_indicator) external_indicator();
                        }
                        if (enable_stem) stem();
					}
					shafthole();
				}
				if (enable_setscrew_hole) setscrew_hole();
			}
			if (enable_engraved_indicator) engraved_indicator();
			if (enable_sphere_indents) sphere_indents();
            if (enable_cone_indents) cone_indents();
		}
	}
}

// (4) SUBMODULES
// ======================================================================

module knob_base() {
    // Align a face with the setscrew hole for aesthetic reasons, providing an arc above the setscrew hole in case of a round
    // stem base and polygonal widening part of the stem. In OpenSCAD, polygons ("cylinders") are created so that a corner
    // is placed on the +x axis. For uneven corner numbers, naturally a face is then centered around the -x axis. By rotating +90°,
    // we move that face to be centered around the -y axis, where the setscrew hole has to be placed because it is the "back".
    rotate([0, 0, 90])
        // Knob base shape without any modifications or additions.
        cylinder(r1 = knob_radius_bottom, r2 = knob_radius_top, h = knob_height, $fn = knob_faces);
}

// @todo Calculate the convexity values based on the number of sphere and cone indents. Because a higher-than-necessary value
//   hurts preview mode performance.
module top_rounding() {
    // Thanks to http://www.iheartrobotics.com/ for the articles that helped implement this.

    ct = -0.1;                          // circle translate? not sure.
    circle_radius = knob_radius_top;  	// just match the top edge radius
    circle_height = 1; 					// actually.. I don't know what this does.
    pad = 0.2;							// Padding to maintain manifold

    render(convexity = 5)
        translate([0, 0, knob_height])
            rotate([180, 0, 0])
                difference() {
                    rotate_extrude(convexity = 5, $fn = top_rounding_faces)
                        translate([circle_radius - ct - top_rounding_radius + pad, ct - pad, 0])
                            square(top_rounding_radius + pad, top_rounding_radius + pad);

                    rotate_extrude(convexity = 5, $fn = top_rounding_faces)
                        translate([circle_radius - ct - top_rounding_radius, ct + top_rounding_radius, 0])
                            circle(r = top_rounding_radius, $fn = top_rounding_faces);
                }
}

module stem() {
    // Straight basic stem.
    cylinder(h = stem_height + nothing, r = stem_radius, $fn = stem_faces);

    // Widening part at the top.
    rotate([0, 0, 90]) // To align a face with the setscrew hole; see knob_base().
        translate([0, 0, stem_height - stem_transition_height])
            cylinder(h = stem_transition_height, r1 = stem_radius, r2 = stem_transition_radius, $fn = knob_faces);
}

module shafthole() {
    difference() {
        // Create a round shafthole base shape.
        translate([0, 0, -1])
            cylinder(r = shafthole_radius, h = shafthole_height, $fn = shafthole_faces);

        // Adapt to a D-shaped shafthole if desired.
        if(shafthole_cutoff_arc_height != 0) {
            cutoff_size = [
                2 * shafthole_radius + 2 * nothing,
                shafthole_cutoff_arc_height + 2 * nothing,
                shafthole_height + 2 * nothing
            ];
            translate([-nothing, shafthole_cutoff_arc_height/2 - shafthole_radius - nothing, shafthole_height / 2])
                cube(cutoff_size, center = true);
        }
    }
}

module setscrew_hole() {
    hole_depth = max(knob_radius_top, knob_radius_bottom, stem_radius) + nothing;

    translate([0, -hole_depth / 2, setscrew_hole_height])
        rotate([90, 0, 0])
            cylinder(r = setscrew_hole_radius, h = hole_depth, center = true, $fn = setscrew_hole_faces);
}

// @todo Refactor the scaling algorithm and parameters to be more understandable. Default scale should be 1.
// @todo Fix that engraved_indicator_depth has not yet the desired effect because it is scaled with the rest of the arrow.
module engraved_indicator() {
    translate([0, engraved_indicator_move_forward, knob_height + (enable_stem ? stem_height : 0)])
        rotate([90, 0, 45])
            scale([engraved_indicator_scale * 0.3, engraved_indicator_scale * 0.3, engraved_indicator_scale * 0.3])

                union() {
                    rotate([90, 45, 0])
                        scale([engraved_indicator_head_scale, engraved_indicator_head_scale, 1])
                            // Arrowhead triangle as a cylinder with 3 faces.
                            cylinder(r = 8, h = engraved_indicator_depth * 2, $fn = 3, center = true);
                    rotate([90, 45, 0])
                        translate([-10, 0, 0])
                            scale([engraved_indicator_shaft_scale, engraved_indicator_shaft_scale, 1])
                                cube(size = [15, 10, engraved_indicator_depth * 2], center = true);
                }
}

module external_indicator() {
    // The diagonal of the square used as indicator is sqrt(2*knob_radius_bottom²). First we move it back from that
    // most outward position to point at the center, then to point at the circumference of the knob, then to point out as specified.
    translate([0, -sqrt(2 * knob_radius_bottom * knob_radius_bottom) + knob_radius_bottom + external_indicator_length, 0])
        rotate([0, 0, 45])
            cube([knob_radius_bottom, knob_radius_bottom, external_indicator_height], center = false);
}

module sphere_indents() {
    z_position = sphere_indents_radius + (enable_stem ? stem_height : 0) + knob_height - sphere_indents_cutdepth;

    for (z = [0 : sphere_indents_count]) {
        // 90° base rotation angle to align the spheres with corners of the base shape. See knob_base().
        rotate([0, 0, 90 + sphere_indents_offset_angle + ((360 / sphere_indents_count) * z)])
            translate([sphere_indents_center_distance, 0, z_position])
                sphere(r = sphere_indents_radius, $fn = sphere_indents_faces);
    }
}

module cone_indents() {
    height = cone_indents_height + 2 * nothing;
    z_position = height / 2 + (enable_stem ? stem_height : 0) + knob_height - cone_indents_cutdepth;

    for (z = [0 : cone_indents_count]) {
        // 90° base rotation angle to align the cones with corners of the base shape. See knob_base().
        rotate([0, 0, 90 + cone_indents_offset_angle + ((360 / cone_indents_count) * z)])
            translate([cone_indents_center_distance, 0, z_position - nothing])
                cylinder(
                    r1 = cone_indents_bottom_radius,
                    r2 = cone_indents_top_radius,
                    h = height,
                    center = true,
                    $fn = cone_indents_faces
                );
    }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to design a lens cap with OpenSCAD and I'd like some help creating a parametric model.

Basically, the cap consists of three main parts: a base, a mechanism, and a backplate. The base is the main body that goes around the lens, and the backplate holds everything together. The mechanism is the interesting part, it has these springy arms that press into the base to keep the cap secured.

Here's the parameters I think I'll need:

*   **`diameter`**: The diameter of the lens itself (in mm).  I need this to be adjustable, like maybe within a range from 35mm to 100mm.
*   **`fullHeight`**: The total height of the assembled cap (in mm), maybe adjustable from 4 to 10.
*   **`backplateHeight`**: The height of just the backplate (in mm), adjustable from 0.3 to 1.5, with increments of 0.1
*  **`springWidth`**: The width of the springs (in mm) from 0.5 to 1.5 with increments of 0.1
*   **`springWinds`**: The number of "winds" or curves in each spring arm. I think having this as an integer from 2 to 4 will give me enough variability
*   **`tolerance`**: A general tolerance value (in mm) used throughout the design. I need to control this fairly precisely, maybe adjustable from 0.05 to 0.15 with increments of 0.01.
*   **`$fn`**:  The number of segments in a circle. Maybe an integer from 45 to 135 with increments of 15 would work.

The general idea is that the base would have an outer rim, and the mechanism would fit inside it with the springs pushing against the inside of the rim. There should also be rectangular holes for the handles to be pressed, and some circular holes in the base and backplate to secure the springs. The backplate would then snap into the base, sandwiching the mechanism. I want each of these parts to be easily printable without supports.

I think it'd be nice to have a way to view each part individually, and the assembled model all together. So maybe a parameter called `part` that can be "Base", "Mechanism", "Backplate", or "Assembled_Preview"?

Let me know if this makes sense and if there are any questions. I really appreciate the help!

[Assistant]
lenscap.scad:
```

  ////////////////
 // PARAMETERS //
////////////////

// Diameter of your lens (mm)
diameter = 67; // [35:100]

// Height of the whole assembly (mm)
fullHeight = 6; // [4:10]

// Height of just the backplate (mm)
backplateHeight = 0.7; // [0.3:0.1:1.5]

// Width of the springs (mm)
springWidth = 1; // [0.5:0.1:1.5]

// How often the springs wind back and forth
springWinds = 3; // [2:4]

// tolerance used throughout (mm)
tolerance = 0.08; // [0.05:0.01:0.15]

// Number of segments in a circle
$fn = 90; // [45:15:135]

// Select a part for preview
part = "Mechanism"; // [Base, Mechanism, Backplate, Assembled_Preview:Full assembly for preview only]

  //////////
 // CODE //
//////////

module HideVariables() {}

mainRadius = diameter / 2;
innerRadius = mainRadius * 0.95;
outerRadius = mainRadius * 1.05;

centerHoleRadius = mainRadius * 0.06;

baseHeight = (fullHeight - backplateHeight) * 3/4;
mechanismHeightThin = (fullHeight - backplateHeight) * 1/4;
mechanismHeightThick = mechanismHeightThin + baseHeight * 1/3;

if (part == "Base") {
    Base();
} else if (part == "Mechanism") {
    Mechanism();
} else if (part == "Backplate") {
    Backplate();
} else {
    Base();
    translate([0, 0, baseHeight + mechanismHeightThin]) {
        rotate([180, 0, 0]) {
            Mechanism();
        }
    }
    translate([0, 0, baseHeight + mechanismHeightThin + backplateHeight]) {
        rotate([180, 0, 0]) {
            Backplate();
        }
    }
}

module Base(color = "#202020") {
    color(color, 1.0) {
        difference() {
            // Main Body
            rotate_extrude() {
                polygon(points=[[0,0], [outerRadius - 1,0], [outerRadius, baseHeight * 2/3], [outerRadius, baseHeight], [0, baseHeight]]);
            }
            // Lowering interior
            translate([0,0,baseHeight]) {
                difference() {
                    cylinder(h = baseHeight * 2/3, r = innerRadius, center = true);
                    cube([outerRadius * 2, outerRadius * 1/2, baseHeight * 2], center = true);

                    for (i = [-1:2:1]) {
                        translate([outerRadius * 87/80 * i, 0, 0]) {
                            cube([outerRadius, outerRadius, baseHeight * 4], center = true);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            // Outer-rim holes
            translate([0, 0, baseHeight * 1/3]) {
                difference() {
                    cylinder(h = baseHeight, r = innerRadius);
                    cylinder(h = baseHeight * 4, r = innerRadius * 0.9, center = true);
                    cube([outerRadius * 2, outerRadius, baseHeight * 4], center = true);
                }
            }
            // Rectangular holes for handles
            for (i = [-1:2:1]) {
                translate([mainRadius * 0.55 * i, 0, baseHeight / 2 - tolerance])
                    linear_extrude(height = baseHeight + tolerance * 2, center = true, scale=0.8)
                        square([outerRadius * 6/11, outerRadius * 2/5], center = true);
            }
            // Circular holes in the center
            for (i = [-1:2:1]) {
                translate([0, mainRadius * 0.1 * i, baseHeight * 1/3])
                    cylinder(h = baseHeight, r = centerHoleRadius + tolerance);
            }
        }
    }
}

module Mechanism(color = "#FFFFFF") {
    color(color, 1.0) {
        union() {
            // Center Bar
            intersection() {
                difference() {
                    // Main Bar
                    translate([0, 0, mechanismHeightThin]) {
                        cube([mainRadius * 0.3, innerRadius * 1.9, mechanismHeightThick], center = true);
                    }
                    // Circular holes in the center
                    for (i = [-1:2:1]) {
                        translate([0, mainRadius * 0.1 * i, -tolerance])
                            cylinder(h = baseHeight * 2/3 + mechanismHeightThin, r = centerHoleRadius + tolerance);
                    }
                    // rectangular cutout
                    translate([0, 0, mechanismHeightThick]) {
                        cube([mainRadius, outerRadius * 1/2, baseHeight * 2/3], center = true);
                    }
                }
                // Rounding the ends
                cylinder(h = baseHeight * 4, r = innerRadius * 0.9, center = true);
            }

            OneHalf();
            mirror([1, 0, 0]) OneHalf();
        }
    }

    module OneHalf() {
        // Sliding plates
        intersection() {
            union() {
                translate([mainRadius / 2, 0, mechanismHeightThin / 2]) {
                    cube([mainRadius * 2/5, outerRadius * 1/2, mechanismHeightThin], center = true);
                }
                translate([mainRadius * 9/10, 0, mechanismHeightThin / 2]) {
                    cube([mainRadius * 3/5, outerRadius, mechanismHeightThin], center = true);
                }
                translate([mainRadius * 8/17, 0, mechanismHeightThin - tolerance]) {
                    linear_extrude(height=baseHeight, convexity=4)
                        text("(", size = outerRadius * 0.24, halign="center", valign="center");
                }
            }
            translate([outerRadius - mainRadius, 0, 0]) {
                difference() {
                    cylinder(h = baseHeight * 4, r = mainRadius, center = true);

                    steps = floor((mechanismHeightThin - 0.25) / 0.5);
                    stepH = (mechanismHeightThin - 0.25) / steps;
                    rOut = mainRadius + 0.5;
                    rIn = mainRadius - 0.5;

                    for (i = [0:1:steps - 1]) {
                        translate([0, 0, 0.25 + stepH * i]) {
                            rotate_extrude() {
                                points = [[rOut, 0], [rIn, 0], [rOut, stepH]];
                                polygon(points=points);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Spring();
        mirror([0, 1, 0]) Spring();

        module Spring() {
            curves = springWinds * 2;

            startX = mainRadius * 15/100;
            endX = mainRadius * 6/10;
            rangeX = endX - startX;
            intervalX = rangeX / (curves - 1);

            startY = innerRadius * 3/4;
            endY = innerRadius * 4/10;
            rangeY = endY - startY;
            intervalY = rangeY / springWinds;

            curveRadius = (intervalX + springWidth) / 2;

            difference() {
                union() {
                    for (curve = [0:1:curves - 1]) {
                        innerCurve = (curve % 2) == 1;

                        x = startX + intervalX * curve;
                        y = innerCurve ? endY : startY + intervalY * floor(curve / 2);
                        Curve(x, y, innerCurve);

                        if (curve != 0) {
                            offsetX = x - curveRadius + springWidth / 2;
                            lengthY = abs(rangeY) + intervalY * floor(curve / 2) + tolerance * 2;
                            offsetY = endY + lengthY / 2;

                            Straight(offsetX, offsetY, lengthY);
                        }
                    }
                }
                translate([endX + curveRadius, endY, 0]) cube([curveRadius * 2, curveRadius * 3, fullHeight * 2], center = true);
            }

            module Curve(x, y, innerCurve = false) {
                translate([x, y, 0]) {
                    difference() {
                        cylinder(h = mechanismHeightThick - tolerance * 2, r = curveRadius);
                        cylinder(h = mechanismHeightThick * 3, r = curveRadius - springWidth, center = true);
                        translate([0, (curveRadius) * (innerCurve ? 1 : -1), curveRadius / 2]) {
                            cube([curveRadius * 3, curveRadius * 2, mechanismHeightThick * 3], center = true);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            module Straight(offsetX, offsetY, lengthY) {
                h =  mechanismHeightThick - tolerance * 2;
                translate([offsetX, offsetY, h / 2]) {
                    cube([springWidth, lengthY, h], center = true);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

module Backplate(color = "#404040") {
    color(color, 1.0) {
        union() {
            // Outer-rim holes
            difference() {
                cylinder(h = baseHeight + backplateHeight + tolerance * 2, r = innerRadius);
                cylinder(h = baseHeight * 4, r = innerRadius * 0.9, center = true);
                translate([0, 0, baseHeight + backplateHeight]) {
                    cube([outerRadius * 2, outerRadius + tolerance * 2, baseHeight * 2], center = true);
                }
            }
            translate([0, 0, backplateHeight / 2]) {
                cube([mainRadius * 0.3, innerRadius * 1.9, backplateHeight], center = true);
                cube([innerRadius * 1.9, mainRadius * 0.3, backplateHeight], center = true);
            }
            for (i = [-1:2:1]) {
                translate([0, mainRadius * 0.1 * i, backplateHeight])
                    cylinder(h = baseHeight * 2/3 + mechanismHeightThin + tolerance * 2, r = centerHoleRadius);
            }
        }
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a side spacer for an Ender 3 Z-motor to help prevent Z-binding. I've seen a similar design for the bottom spacer on Thingiverse (https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4710387), but I need one for the side of the motor.

I'd like the spacer to be parametric, so I can adjust dimensions easily. Here's what I'm thinking:

The basic shape should be a thin rectangular plate with two cutouts. These cutouts are also rectangular and will be at the same height. Additionally, there will be two rectangular standoffs, one each on either side of the main rectangle. These standoffs will be on the same side of the main rectangular plate as the cutouts (I'll be using this to orient the spacer in the Z axis).

Here's a breakdown of the dimensions I'd like to control:

*   `plate_width`: The overall width of the main rectangular plate.
*   `plate_height`: The overall height of the main rectangular plate.
*   `plate_thickness`: The thickness of the main rectangular plate.
*   `cutout_width`: The width of each cutout.
*   `cutout_height`: The height of each cutout.
*   `cutout_x_offset`: The horizontal offset of the center of each cutout.
*   `cutout_y_offset`: The vertical offset of the center of each cutout from the bottom of the plate.
*   `standoff_width`: The width of each standoff.
*   `standoff_height`: The height of each standoff.
*   `standoff_length`: The length of each standoff (into the Z axis).
*   `standoff_x_offset`: The horizontal offset of the center of each standoff.
*   `standoff_y_offset`: The vertical offset of each standoff from the bottom of the plate.

The cutouts should be the same size and positioned symmetrically about the vertical center axis of the plate, with a specified `cutout_x_offset`. Similarly, the standoffs should be the same size, the same distance from the vertical center axis, and with a specified `standoff_x_offset`, and be located at the same height off the bottom of the plate (with a specified `standoff_y_offset`). The standoffs should also extend in the Z direction, on the same side of the plate as the cutouts are.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file for this? I'm not worried about including any external libraries. Thanks!

[Assistant]
side.scad:
```
thickness=0.5;

difference() {
    cube([40,44,thickness]);
    translate(v = [7, 32, 0]) cube([6,12,thickness]);
    translate(v = [27, 32, 0]) cube([6,12,thickness]);
}

translate(v = [7, 0, thickness]) cube([6,32,4]);
translate(v = [27, 0, thickness]) cube([6,32,4]);

```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a customizable filament spool, similar to the one I've been using but I want to start from scratch with a design I understand better. This is for 3D printing, and I need it to be parametric so I can adjust all the key dimensions. Here are the features I'm looking for:

**Core Components:**

*   **Flange:** This is the flat, circular part of the spool. I need to be able to adjust its outer diameter and its thickness. I'd also like an option to add cutouts to the flange for weight reduction.
*   **Barrel:** This is the central cylinder where the filament wraps around. I need to control the barrel's outer diameter and its height.
*   **Bore:** This is the central hole of the spool that goes through the center of the barrel. I want to be able to define its inner diameter and the wall thickness of the bore.

**Customization Options:**

*   **Flange Cutouts:** A boolean (on/off) option for adding cutouts to the flange. If enabled, I want to specify the number of cutouts to make, their general size, and rounding of edges for those cutouts.
*   **Cable Tie Slots:** A boolean option to include slots for cable ties on the flange. If enabled, I need to be able to set the width of the cable tie slot. I want a few of them evenly spaced.
*   **Filament Hole:** A boolean option for adding small holes for securing the filament end. If enabled, I need to set the diameter of these holes. Also spaced around the flange.

**Additional Parameters:**

*   **Smoothness:** A parameter to adjust the `$fn` variable for controlling the smoothness of curves, with options like "low," "medium," and "fine" as predefined values.
*   **Bevel:** A parameter to add a bevel to the edges of the flange and bore.
*   **Tolerances:** Separate parameters for inner diameter tolerances to account for printer differences and a "parts gap" parameter to control clearances when stacking parts together.
*   **Test Parts:** I need some way to generate test prints of the bore with threading, to ensure it fits nicely. Specifically, I'd like to generate the bore ring (male thread) and also a receiver bore ring (female thread). I want to be able to toggle between just the flange, barrel, the threaded bore and the threaded receiver, or all at once. I will need to define parameters for the thread height and depth.

I'm not looking for any specific libraries. Just a clean, fully parametric OpenSCAD file (or files). I think this covers it all, let me know if you need anything else.

[Assistant]
UmasterSpool.scad:
```
//// Version: OpenSCAD 2015.03-2
//// Date: 2020.11.28
//// File: UmasterSpool.scad
//// Author: Kijja Chaovanakij
//// Revise1: 2021.1.06
//// add barrel
//// add cable tie
//// add print test
//// Revise2: 2021.3.06
//// Adapted to the Customizer

//eSUN dimension
//bore_idia=52.5
//barrel_edia=91
//traverse_hi=55
//flange_edia=200

/*[parts]*/
//parts to generate
parts=4; //[0:demo, 1:flange, 2:barrel, 3:test flange, 4:test barrel]

/*[bore and barrel]*/
//bore inner diameter[52.5]
bore_idia=52.5; //[25:0.5:75]
//barrel outer diameter[91]
barrel_edia=91; //[80:1:105]
//bore wall[2]
bore_wall=2; //[2:0.1:5]
//traverse height(layer thickness[recommend:0.25 mm.] multiply number of integrals)[55]
traverse_hi=55; //[25:1:145]

/*[flange]*/
//Flange outer diameter[200]
flange_edia=200; //[110:1:275]
//flange height[2.5]
flange_hi=2.5; //[2:0.5:6]

/*[option]*/
//flange window cutout
flange_cut=1; //[0:no, 1:yes]
//cable tie slot cut
cable_tie_cut=1; //[0:no, 1:yes]
//cable tie width[6]
cable_tie_wid=6; //[3:1:8]
//filament hole cut
filament_cut=1; //[0:no, 1:yes]
//filament hole diameter[3.5]
filament_dia=3.5; //[2:0.5:4]

/*[smooth_and_tolerance]*/
//smoothness[100]
smooth=100; //[60:low, 100:medium, 144:fine]
//parts bevel size[0.75]
parts_bevel=0.75; //[0:0.25:1.0]
//inner diameter tolerances(vary by printer)[0.55]
i_tol=0.55; //[0:0.05:1.0]
//The gap fits between the inner and outer parts.(vary by printer)[0.25]
parts_gap=0.25; //[0:0.05:1.0]

/*[Hidden]*/
//others var
$fn=smooth;
test_base_hi=2.50;
bore_id=bore_idia+i_tol;
barrel_id=barrel_edia-bore_wall*2;

//bayonet var
thread_tip=1.0; //[0.5:0.25:3]
thread_dep=1.0; //[0.5:0.25:3]
ring_hi=thread_tip*2+thread_dep*3;
cover_od=(bore_id/2+bore_wall*2+thread_dep+parts_gap)*2;

//======== main ========//
if (parts==0){
  rotate([0, 0, -15])
    flange();
  translate([0, 0, flange_hi+ring_hi*2])
    barrel();
  translate([0, 0, flange_hi*2+ring_hi*4+traverse_hi])
    rotate([0, 180, 15])
    flange();
}//i
if (parts==1)
  flange();
if (parts==2)
  barrel();
if (parts==3){
  color("Goldenrod")
  bevel_ring(hi=test_base_hi, irad=bore_id/2, erad=cover_od/2+3, bevel=parts_bevel);
  translate([0, 0, test_base_hi])
    thread(body=1);
}
if (parts==4){
  thread(body=2);
    translate([0, 0, ring_hi])
      color("Goldenrod")
      bevel_ring(hi=test_base_hi, irad=cover_od/2-bore_wall, erad=cover_od/2+3, bevel=parts_bevel);
}//i
//

//barrel();
module barrel(hi=traverse_hi){
  color("Goldenrod")
  if (cover_od < barrel_edia)
    linear_extrude(hi)
    union(){
      difference(){
        circle(r=barrel_edia/2);
        circle(r=barrel_edia/2-bore_wall);
      }//d
      for (i=[0:60:359])
        rotate([0, 0, i])
        translate([cover_od/2-bore_wall, 0])
          square([barrel_edia/2-cover_od/2, bore_wall]);
    }//u
  color("Gold")
  translate([0, 0, ring_hi])
    linear_extrude(hi-ring_hi*2)
    difference(){
      circle(r=cover_od/2);
      circle(r=cover_od/2-bore_wall);
    }//d
  thread(body=2);
  translate([0, 0, hi])
    rotate([0, 180, 0])
    thread(body=2);
}//m
//

//flange();
module flange(hi=flange_hi, erad=flange_edia/2, irad=bore_id/2, bevel=parts_bevel){
  n_cut=6;
  angle=360/n_cut;
  hole_offset=0.3;
  max_rad=max(cover_od/2, barrel_edia/2);
  wid=erad-max_rad;
  rounding=wid/10;
  e_offset=wid/5+rounding;
  i_offset=wid/6+rounding;
  color("MediumVioletRed")
  difference(){
    bevel_ring(hi=hi, irad=irad, erad=erad, bevel=bevel);
    if (flange_cut==1)
      rt_arc_window(hi, erad-e_offset, max_rad+i_offset, rounding, angle, n_cut-1);
    if (cable_tie_cut==1)
      rt_slot(hi, max_rad+cable_tie_wid+hi, erad-cable_tie_wid-hi, cable_tie_wid/2);
    if (filament_cut==1)
      rt_2cylin(hi, max_rad+filament_dia/2+hole_offset, erad-filament_dia-hi, filament_dia/2);
  }//d
  translate([0, 0, hi])
    thread(body=1);
}//m
//

//========== utility module ============//

//bevel_ring();
module bevel_ring(hi=2, irad=5, erad=10, bevel=0.5){
  rotate_extrude()
  difference(){
    translate([irad, 0])
      square([erad-irad, hi]);
    for (i=[0, hi])
      translate([erad, i])
        rotate([0, 0, 45])
        square([bevel*sqrt(2), bevel*sqrt(2)], true);
  }//d
}//m
//

//arc();
module arc(ext_rad=20, int_rad=10, angle=10){
  points_ext=[
    for(i=[0:1:angle]) [ext_rad*cos(i), ext_rad*sin(i)]];
  points_int=[
    for(i=[0:1:angle]) [int_rad*cos(i), int_rad*sin(i)]];
  difference(){
    polygon(concat([[0, 0]], points_ext));
    polygon(concat([[0, 0]], points_int));
  }//d
}//m
//

//rt_arc_window();
module rt_arc_window(hi=3, erad=25, irad=12, rounding=1, angle=60, n=6){
  ep=0.001;
  for (i=[1:1:n])
    rotate([0, 0, i*angle])
    translate([0, 0, -ep])
      linear_extrude(hi+ep*2)
      minkowski(){
        arc(erad, irad, angle/2);
        circle(r=rounding, $fn=32);
      }//m
}//m
//

//rt_slot();
module rt_slot(hi=3, pos1=5, pos2=10, rad=1){
  ep=0.001;
  for (i=[-15:120:359])
    rotate([0, 0, i])
    translate([0, 0, -ep])
      linear_extrude(hi+ep*2)
      hull(){
        translate([pos1, 0])
          circle(r=rad, $fn=32);
        translate([pos2, 0])
          circle(r=rad, $fn=32);
      }//h
}//m
//

//rt_2cylin();
module rt_2cylin(hi=3, pos1=5, pos2=10, rad=1){
  ep=0.001;
  for (i=[45:120:359])
    rotate([0, 0, i])
    translate([0, 0, -ep])
      linear_extrude(hi+ep*2){
        translate([pos1, 0])
          circle(r=rad, $fn=32);
        translate([pos2, 0])
          circle(r=rad, $fn=32);
      }//l
}//m
//

//thread();
module thread(thread_tip=1, thread_dep=1, body_id=bore_id, wall=bore_wall, gap=parts_gap, body=1){
  thread_hi=thread_tip+thread_dep*2;
  ring_hi=thread_tip*2+thread_dep*3;
    //echo("ring_hi",ring_hi);
  cover_od=(body_id/2+wall*2+thread_dep+gap)*2;
    //echo("cover_od",cover_od);
  for (i=[0:120:240])
  rotate([0, 0, i])
  color("Goldenrod")
  if (body==1){
    translate([0, 0, ring_hi-thread_hi])
      difference(){
        rotate_extrude()
        translate([body_id/2+wall, 0, 0])
          difference(){
            square([thread_dep, thread_hi]);
            for (i=[0, thread_hi])
              translate([thread_dep, i])
                rotate([0, 0, 45])
                square(thread_dep*sqrt(2), true);
          }//d
        cut_arc(cover_od, ring_hi, 50);
      }//d
  }//i
  else if (body==2){
    difference(){
      rotate_extrude()
      translate([cover_od/2-wall-thread_dep, 0])
        difference(){
          square([thread_dep, thread_hi]);
          for (i=[0, thread_hi])
            translate([0, i])
              rotate([0, 0, 45])
              square(thread_dep*sqrt(2), true);
        }//d
      cut_arc(cover_od, ring_hi, 68);
    }//d
    difference(){
      rotate_extrude()
      translate([cover_od/2-wall-thread_dep, 0])
        difference(){
          square([thread_dep, ring_hi]);
          for (i=[0, ring_hi])
            translate([0, i])
              rotate([0, 0, 45])
              square(thread_dep*sqrt(2), true);
        }//d
      cut_arc(cover_od, ring_hi, 16);
    }//d
  }//e
  color("Gold")
  if (body==1){
    linear_extrude(ring_hi)
    difference(){
      circle(r=body_id/2+wall);
      circle(r=body_id/2);
    }//d
  }//i
  else if (body==2){
    linear_extrude(ring_hi)
    difference(){
      circle(r=cover_od/2);
      circle(r=cover_od/2-wall);
    }//d
  }//e
module cut_arc(od, hi, angle){
  ep=0.002;
  for (i=[0, 180-angle])
    rotate([0, 0, i])
    translate([-od/2, 0, hi/2])
      cube([od, od, hi], true);
}//m
}//m
//

```


[User]
I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a screwdriver with a customizable handle, finger grip, and socket. I'd like the design to be parametric, so I can easily adjust the different dimensions.

Specifically, I need to be able to control:

*   The overall length and diameter of the handle.
*   The height of the collet (the part between the finger grip and the handle).
*   The height of the bottom end of the handle (the non-gripped end).
*   The diameter and height of the finger grip.
*   The number of grooves around the handle.
*   The shape of the socket (either square or hexagonal) and its size (distance between parallel sides) and depth.

I would like the ability to adjust how smooth the curves are as well as an internal tolerance. It would be nice to adjust the rounding radius of corners.

The design should include a main module that creates the entire screwdriver, but it would be helpful if the handle, grooves and socket were implemented as separate modules. I'd also like to have a test socket module to allow me to verify the socket dimensions without printing the entire thing.

Please make sure the code is well-commented and uses clear variable names. Let me know if you have any questions!

[Assistant]
ScrewDriver.scad:
```
//// File: ScrewDriver.scad
//// Version: OpenSCAD 2015.03-2
//// Author: Kijja Chaovanakij
//// Date: 2020.12.25

//======== symbol ========//
//xs:x size
//ys:y size
//zs:z size
//xpos:x position
//ypos:y position
//zpos:z position

//rad:radius
//dia:diameter
//c2c:center to center

//wid:width
//leng:length
//thk:thickness
//hi:height(for external dimension)
//dep:depth(for internal dimension)

//i_:internal
//e_:external
//l_:left
//r_:right
//t_:top
//b_:bottom
//c_:corner

/*[smoothness and tolerance]*/
smooth=60; //[60:low,90:medium,120:fine]
$fn=smooth;
//internal hole tolerance(vary by printer)
i_tol=0.8; //[0:0.05:0.95]
//edge rounding radius
rounding=1; //[0.5:0.25:2]

/*[part]*/
part=1; //[1:handle, 2:test socket]
socket_shape=2; //[1:square, 2:hexagon]

/*[handle]*/
total_hi=100; //100
handle_dia=24; //24
finger_grip_hi=27; //27
finger_grip_dia=17; //17
collet_hi=4; //4
bottom_hi=5; //5
//number of grooves
n_groove=5; //[0:1:6]

/*[socket]*/
//distance between parallel sides of the square socket[6] or the hexagon socket[6.24]
socket_size=6.24;
socket_dep=85;

/*[Hidden]*/
groove_dia=handle_dia-finger_grip_dia;
handle_hi=total_hi-bottom_hi-rounding*2;
handle_wid=handle_dia-rounding*2;
finger_grip_wid=finger_grip_dia-rounding*2;
finger_grip_cut_rad=(pow(finger_grip_hi/2,2)+pow((handle_wid-finger_grip_wid)/2,2))/(handle_wid-finger_grip_wid);

//======== main ========//
color("LimeGreen"){
if (part==1)
  difference(){
    handle();
    groove();
    socket();
  }//d
if (part==2)
  test_socket();
}//c
//

module handle(){
  rotate_extrude()
  difference(){
    minkowski(){
      circle(r=rounding, $fn=32);
      union(){
        translate([0, rounding+bottom_hi])
          scale([handle_wid/bottom_hi/2, 1])
          circle(r=bottom_hi);
        difference(){
          translate([0, rounding+bottom_hi+handle_hi/2])
            square([handle_wid, handle_hi], true);
          for (i=[0,1])
            mirror([i, 0, 0])
            translate([handle_wid/2, total_hi])
              rotate([0, 0, 45])
              square(collet_hi*sqrt(2),true);
            translate([finger_grip_wid/2+finger_grip_cut_rad, total_hi-rounding-collet_hi-finger_grip_hi/2])
              circle(r=finger_grip_cut_rad, $fn=smooth*2);
        }//d
      }//u
    }//m
    translate([-handle_wid, 0])
      square([handle_wid, total_hi]);
  }//d
}//m
//

module test_socket(){
  difference(){
    cylinder(h=6, d=socket_size+8);
    translate([0, 0, -socket_dep/2])
      socket();
  }//d
}//m
//

module groove(){
  $fn=smooth/2;
  for(i=[0:1:n_groove-1])
    rotate([0, 0, i*360/n_groove])
    translate([handle_dia/2+0.5, 0, 0])
      rotate_extrude()
      difference(){
        hull(){
          for (i=[bottom_hi+groove_dia, total_hi-collet_hi-finger_grip_hi/2-groove_dia])
            translate([0, i])
              circle(r=groove_dia/2);
        }//h
        translate([-groove_dia, 0])
          square([groove_dia, total_hi]);
      }//d
}//m
//

module socket(){
  if (socket_shape==1)
    translate([0, 0, total_hi-socket_dep])
      linear_extrude(socket_dep+0.001)
      circle(d=socket_size/cos(45)+i_tol, $fn=4);
  if (socket_shape==2)
    translate([0, 0, total_hi-socket_dep])
      linear_extrude(socket_dep+0.001)
      circle(d=socket_size/cos(30)+i_tol, $fn=6);
}//m
//
```