[User]
Hi! I'm looking for help designing a parametric fan duct for 3D printing, kind of like the one I've seen on Thingiverse but I need it to be completely from scratch.

The basic idea is a conical duct with internal fins that guide airflow into a vortex, with the cross-sectional area decreasing as it goes to create a more focused airflow. The design should be adjustable using parameters, so I can adapt it to different fan sizes, nozzle diameters, etc.

Here's a breakdown of the features and parameters I'd like:

**General Settings:**

*   **`perimeter_extrusion_width`**: This is related to the printer settings, and defaults to 0.5mm.
*   **`scale_factor`**: A constant to relate a unitless ratio to actual measurements, defaults to 10.
*   **`phi`**:  The golden ratio conjugate, set to 0.618034.
*   **`$fn`**:  Default number of facets for curves, should be adjustable, default to 24.
*   **`layer_height`**: Layer height for 3d printing, default 0.5mm.

**Mounting Bracket:**

*   **`mount_side`**: Side length of the square mounting bracket in mm, defaults to 40mm.
*   **`mount_height`**: Height of the mounting bracket, defaults to 8mm.
*   **`screw_distance`**: Distance between the centers of screw bores on the mount, defaults to 32mm.
*   **`screw_diameter`**: Diameter of the screw bores, defaults to 2.8mm.
*  **`corner_radius`**: Radius of the rounded corners of the mounting bracket, default to 6mm.
*   **`ball_radius`**: Radius of a ball joint on the mounting bracket, defaults to 5mm.
*   **`ball_inset`**: How much the ball joint protrudes from the bracket surface, as a fraction of the radius, defaults to 0.8.

**Duct Configuration:**

*   **`fan_diameter`**: Diameter of the fan in mm, defaults to 38mm.
*   **`duct_height`**:  Height of the duct, defaults to 30mm.
*   **`wall_thickness`**: Thickness of the outer walls of the duct, defaults to 1.5mm.
*   **`fins`**: Number of internal fins inside the duct, defaults to 5.
*   **`direction`**: Direction of fin rotation (1=clockwise, -1=counterclockwise), default to -1.

**Additional Considerations:**

*   The duct's cross-section should reduce exponentially based on the golden ratio conjugate (`phi`) as it goes down in Z.
*   The fins should twist through the duct, following the air-flow pattern that is encouraged by the conical shape.
*   The script should automatically calculate some values, like the nozzle diameter based on the parameters above, and thickness of the fins at different points.

I want the final product to be a complete, parametric OpenSCAD design, without relying on any existing files besides those that are included within OpenSCAD's standard libraries, like `built-in.scad`.  Could you provide the necessary code?

[Assistant]
fan_duct_v0.2.scad:
```
//Golden Spiral Fan Duct v0.2
//Edward Stradinger - Jan 2014
//Shroud 2d polygon code fixed by user PGent - Nov 2015
//Derivative of http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:139984 by ei8ghtohms
//Given fan dimensions construct a conical shroud featuring internal fins to
//guide the airflow into a vortex.  As the cross sectional area of the cone
//decreases the radial motion component also decreases, allowing a greater
//distance over which the air can accelerate, diminishing turbulent flow
//and fostering an axial low pressure zone which, upon exiting the nozzle,
//increases the duration of vortex coherence.

/*[General Settings:]*/
//perimeter extrusion width configured in your slicing utility
perimeter_extrusion_width=.5;
//constant exponent denominator to relate unitless phi to units of measurement
scale_factor = 10;
//golden ratio conjugate selected for reduction.  Add significant digits as desired.
phi=0.618034;
//default number of facets generated.
$fn = 24;
//Layer height in mm, smaller gives better resolution but more polygons
layer_height = .5;

/*[Mounting Bracket:]*/
//mounting bracket side in mm
mount_side = 40;
//height of mounting bracket in mm
mount_height = 8;
//Distance between screw bore centers in mm
screw_distance = 32;
//diameter of screw bores
screw_diameter = 2.8;
//radius of mounting bracket corner rounds
corner_radius= 6;
//radius of ball joint sphere
ball_radius = 5;
//fraction of ball radius protruding above mounting surface
ball_inset = .8;

/*[Duct Configuration]*/
//Fan Diameter in mm
fan_diameter = 38;
//Desired height of duct in mm
duct_height = 30;
//thickness of outer walls in mm
wall_thickness = 1.5;
//number of desired fins
fins=5;
//direction of fin rotation.  1=clockwise, -1=counterclockwise
direction = -1;

/*[Additional Relations]*/

//for readability
fan_radius=fan_diameter/2;
//number of layers through which to iterate
layer_count = duct_height/layer_height;
//diameter of nozzle at desired height
nozzle_diameter = fan_diameter * pow(phi, duct_height/scale_factor);
//fin thickness at tip on layer 1
fin_minimum = perimeter_extrusion_width/pow(phi,duct_height/scale_factor);
//fin thickness at inner wall on layer 1
fin_thickness=fin_minimum*(1+phi);//max thickness of fins in mm

difference(){
	union(){
		translate([0,0,mount_height/2]) //mounting bracket with corner rounds
			minkowski(){
				cube([	mount_side+2*wall_thickness - 2*corner_radius,
						mount_side+2*wall_thickness - 2*corner_radius,
						mount_height-1],
						center=true);
				cylinder(	r=corner_radius,
							h=1,
							$fn=32,
							center=true);
		}
//		rotate_extrude(convexity=4, $fn=48) //outer wall - 2d polygon, rotate vertical, spin
//			union(){
//				for(i=[0:layer_height:duct_height-layer_height]){
//					rotate([90,0,0])
//					polygon(points=[	[0,i],
//									[0,i+layer_height],
//									[(fan_radius)*pow(phi,(i+layer_height)/scale_factor)+wall_thickness,
//										i+layer_height],
//									[(fan_radius)*pow(phi,(i/scale_factor))+wall_thickness,
//										i]]);
//				}
//			}
        /****list comprehension syntax thanks to user PGent!****/
        rotate_extrude(convexity=4, $fn=48) // outer wall - 2d polygon, rotate extrude
            {
            poly_points_outer = [
            for(i = [0: layer_height: duct_height - layer_height] )
                    [ (fan_radius) * pow(phi, (i/scale_factor) ) + wall_thickness, i ] ] ;

            // add start and end points at 0
            polygon(points = concat( [ [0, 0] ], poly_points_outer, [ [0, duct_height - layer_height] ] ) );
            }
		translate([		mount_side/2 + //add ball joint
						wall_thickness -
						ball_radius*cos(asin(ball_inset)),
						0,
						mount_height + ball_radius * ball_inset])
			sphere(		r=ball_radius,
						center=true,
						$fn=24);
	}
	union(){//construct negative space within
		difference(){
//			rotate_extrude(convexity=4) //inner wall
//				union(){
//					for(i=[0:layer_height:duct_height-layer_height]){
//						rotate([90,0,0])
//							polygon(points=[	[0,i],
//									[0,i+layer_height],
//									[(fan_radius)*pow(phi,(i+layer_height)/scale_factor),
//										i+layer_height],
//									[(fan_radius)*pow(phi,(i/scale_factor)),
//										i]]);
//				}
//			}
             /****Thanks again user PGent!****/
             rotate_extrude(convexity=4, $fn=48) // inner wall - 2d polygon, rotate extrude,
                {
                poly_points_inner = [
                    for(i = [0: layer_height: duct_height - layer_height] )
                        [ (fan_radius) * pow(phi, (i/scale_factor) ), i ] ] ;

                    // add start and end points at 0
                    polygon(points = concat( [ [0, 0] ], poly_points_inner, [ [0, duct_height - layer_height] ] ) );
                   }
				union(){
					for(i= [0:fins-1]){//iterate through fins

						rotate([	0,0,(360/fins * i)])
							linear_extrude(	height=duct_height,
 		  							twist=direction * 360 * pow(phi,duct_height/scale_factor),
									scale=pow(phi,duct_height/scale_factor),
									slices=layer_count)

							translate([fan_radius*((2-phi)/2),0,0])
								polygon(points=//vertices of fin slice.
									[[-fan_radius * phi/2,-fin_minimum/2],
									[-fan_radius * phi/2,fin_minimum/2],
									[fan_radius * phi/2,fin_thickness/2],
									[fan_radius * phi/2 + fin_thickness/2, 0],
									[fan_radius * phi/2, -fin_thickness/2]]);
					}
				}

		}
	}
  	for(i = [0:3]){//diff screw bores
		rotate([0,0,90*i])
		translate([screw_distance/2,screw_distance/2,mount_height/2])
			cylinder(	r=screw_diameter/2,
				 		h=mount_height,
				 		center=true);
 	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I need a design for a simple cupboard lock, something that's easy to 3D print and will keep my toddler out of the cupboards. I have a pretty good idea of what I need, and I'd like you to create a parametric OpenSCAD file for me.

The basic idea is a flat piece with two holes that mount to the cupboard frame, and a gap that will slide over a door edge. So, the lock essentially prevents a door from swinging open unless the locking piece is removed.

Here are the parameters I want to be able to customize:

*   **`thk`**: The thickness of the material (in mm). I'm thinking something around 12mm will be sturdy enough, but I want to be able to change it.
*   **`hdist`**: The center-to-center distance between the two mounting holes (in mm). I'd like to start at 69mm.
*   **`hdia`**: The diameter of the mounting holes (in mm). Something like 15mm should work.
*   **`gap`**: The width of the gap that slides over the door edge (in mm). I'm thinking 13mm.

The design should be symmetrical so that I can print it lying flat. It should include the mounting holes as well as a gap that is essentially a rectangular cutout, with the corners transitioning to the round hole smoothly.

I'm thinking that I need two cylinders for the mounting holes and a linear_extrude with a polygon for the gap cutout. I’m not sure exactly how to do the transition, so I'm leaving the finer details up to you.

I don't need anything complicated. Just a solid, reliable, easy-to-print part, with the parameters exposed so I can modify it later.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for that? I’d like it to be in a single file. I don’t need any external libraries for this simple design.

[Assistant]
cupboard_bolt.scad:
```
//
// Customizable cupboard locking bolt like thingie
// Print lying down for better sturdiness
//
// Copyright 2014 Magnus Kvevlander <magu@me.com>
//
// Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0)
// http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
//

//
// Base variables
//

// Material thickness in mm. Don't make it too thin.
thk = 12;

// Distance between centers of holes in mm.
hdist = 69;

// Hole diameter in mm.
hdia = 15;

// Width of gap in mm.
gap = 13;

/* [Hidden] */

//
// Rendering magick
//

$fa = 0.01;	// Minimum fragment angle
$fs = 0.5;	// Minimum fragment size
$fn = 0;		// Number of corners in a full circle (shan't be used)

// Hole radius
hrad = hdia / 2;
// Angle of gap cutout
gap_angle = asin ((gap / 2) / hrad);
// Base of cutout triangle
gap_slice_base = (hrad + 1.5 * thk) * tan (gap_angle);
// Offset of compensational cut of bridge part
bridge_cut_offset = (hrad + thk) * sin (90 - gap_angle);

// Render
half_piece ();
mirror ([1,0,0])
	half_piece ();

module half_piece () {
	translate ([0, - hrad - thk, 0])
		difference () {
			// Base shape
			union () {
				// Cuboid
				cube ([hdist / 2, 2 * (hrad + thk), thk]);
				// Rounded edges
				translate ([hdist / 2, hrad + thk, 0])
					cylinder (h = thk, r = hrad + thk);
			}

			// Knob hole
			translate ([hdist / 2, hrad + thk, - thk / 2])
				cylinder (h = 2 * thk, r = hrad);

			// Gap
			translate ([0, 0, - thk / 2])
				union () {
					// Triangle
					linear_extrude (height = 2 * thk)
						polygon(points = [[hdist / 2, hrad + thk], [hdist / 2 - gap_slice_base, - thk / 2], [hdist / 2 + gap_slice_base, - thk / 2]]);

					// Bridge cut
						translate ([- thk / 2, - thk / 2, 0])
							cube ([hdist / 2 + thk, hrad + 1.5 * thk - bridge_cut_offset, 2 * thk]);
				}
		}
}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a personalized bowl for my daughter's new pet. I have a basic design in mind, and I’m hoping you can help me generate the OpenSCAD code for it.

The bowl should be essentially a truncated cone with a flat base. I'd like to specify the following:

*   **Base Radius (Outer):** The radius of the bottom circular edge of the bowl (the widest part).
*   **Upper Radius:** The radius of the top opening of the bowl.
*   **Inner Base Radius:** The radius of the inner hollow at the base of the bowl. This will create the wall thickness at the bottom.
*   **Height:** The overall height of the bowl.
*   **Resolution:** The number of segments for the curves, so I can control how smooth the bowl will be.

I'd like to be able to add some text to the bowl, like my daughter's name. The text should be added to the side of the bowl, wrapping around it, and the text should be of a consistent thickness so it stands out nicely.

I need to use the `write/Write.scad` library for the text generation.

The final code should be parametric, so I can easily adjust these parameters (radii, height, resolution and text) to create different sized bowls.

I'm not sure where to start with the code, but I'm really hoping you can help me generate the code for this design. Thanks!

[Assistant]
tazon.scad:
```
use<write/Write.scad>
//parametros
//Radio Base / Base Radius
radio_mayor = 50;//Radio Base Exterior
//Radio Superior / Upper Radios
radio_menor = 40;//Radio superior
//Radio Base Interior / Inner Base Radius
radio_minimo = 35;//Radio Base Interior
//Altura / Heigh
altura = 25;
//Resolucion / Resolution
segmentos = 100;
//Texto / Text
texto = "Olivia";

//Cono exterior
difference(){
	cylinder(r1=radio_mayor, r2=radio_menor, h=altura,$fn=100);
	cylinder(r1=radio_mayor-espesor, r2=radio_menor - 1.4, h=altura+1,$fn=segmentos);
}

//Cono interior
difference(){
	cylinder(r1=radio_minimo, r2=radio_menor, h=altura,$fn=100);
	cylinder(r1=radio_minimo-espesor, r2=radio_menor - 1.4, h=altura+1,$fn=segmentos);
}

//Base
cylinder(r=radio_mayor,h=1.4,$fn = segmentos);

//Texto
pos = radio_mayor - (altura / 2) * (radio_mayor - radio_menor) / altura;
espesor = 8*(radio_mayor - radio_menor) / altura;

writecylinder(texto,[0,0,0],pos-espesor/2,altura+4,t=espesor);
rotate (90,90,0) writecylinder(texto,[0,0,0],pos-espesor/2,altura+4,t=espesor);
rotate (180,180,0) writecylinder(texto,[0,0,0],pos-espesor/2,altura+4,t=espesor);
rotate (270,270,0) writecylinder(texto,[0,0,0],pos-espesor/2,altura+4,t=espesor);
```


[User]
Hey there, I'm looking to get some OpenSCAD code for a cylindrical container with a lid, similar to a pill bottle but with more customization options. I'd like the code to be parametric, so I can adjust the dimensions easily.

Specifically, I need to be able to specify:

*   The **inner radius** of the container (the usable space inside).
*   The **inner height** of the container (again, the usable space inside).
*   The **wall thickness** of the container and the lid, which should be the same.
*   A **tolerance** parameter to control the fit between the lid and the container. This will likely be a small positive value, probably a fraction of a millimeter, to ensure the lid fits without being too tight.

The lid should be a separate piece that fits snugly into the top of the container, with a small lip that rests on top. I'd like the lid to use a simple overlap design, not a snap fit. I don't need threads or anything fancy.

I'd like the code to use modules, with parameters for the dimensions so that I can instantiate the pieces using values in a script. I'd want a module to build the container with the lid removed, and a separate module to build just the lid.

I'm pretty comfortable with OpenSCAD, but I'm looking for the AI to handle the bulk of the construction of the module(s).

Thanks!

[Assistant]
cylinder_box.scad:
```
//Author: Devin Grady
//License: CC BY 3.0 US ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ )

//Inner radius (open space in interior)
radius = 10;

//Inner height (open space in interior)
height = 10;

//Maximum wall thickness; will be cut into to fit lid.
wall = 2;

//Fit tolerance parameter.
tolerance = .3;

module cylinder_box(r=radius, h=height, w=wall, tol=tolerance){
	difference(){
		cylinder(r=r,h=h+w+tol);
		translate([0,0,w])cylinder(r=r-w, h = h+w+2*tol);
		translate([0,0,h])cylinder_lid(r=r,w=w, tol = 0);
		translate([w,0,h])cylinder_lid(r=r,w=w, tol = 0);
		translate([r/4, -r, h])cube([2*r, 2*r, r]);
	}
}
module cylinder_lid(r=radius, w=wall, tol = tolerance){
	hull(){difference(){
		cylinder(r=r-w/2, h=w-tol);
		translate([0,0,-tol])rotate_extrude()translate([r-w/2,0,0])rotate([0,0,45])square(r);
	}}
}

translate([-1.1*radius,0,0])cylinder_box();
translate([1.1*radius,0,0])cylinder_lid();
```


[User]
I need an OpenSCAD design for a cuvette adapter. I want to be able to use cuvettes with a shorter path length in a standard spectrophotometer that's designed for 1cm cuvettes. Basically, I want to make a little block that fits into the spec and holds the smaller cuvette in the right spot.

The standard cuvette compartment is 12.5 x 12.5mm, and that's the size of the adapter in the X and Y directions, respectively. The height of the adapter will be 45mm. So, basically, the adapter needs to be a block 12.5 x 12.5 x 45 mm. However, I need the adapter to hold the thinner cuvette such that the cuvette's beam-path is in the standard position for 1cm cells.

The base of the adapter should have a solid thickness, let's say 4mm, so the cuvette will not be positioned too close to the base of the spectrophotometer, but I'm also thinking this dimension could be a variable. Then, there will be a rectangular opening for the thinner cuvette. The width of this opening (parallel to the spectrophotometer beam path) should also be a variable and is dependent on the thickness of the cuvette. I'd also like to make the width of the opening in the other direction be a variable to allow the use of different widths of cuvettes. I also need a small rectangular window that allows the beam to pass through the cuvette and should also be a variable. The window should be a rectangular channel cut through the face of the adapter, but I'm also thinking it should be possible to make it a cylindrical channel with the same width.

Can you write a parametric OpenSCAD file to generate this adapter? Please use the BOSL2 library for this design.

[Assistant]
cuv_adapt_v2.scad:
```
//design and code by emanresu (http://www.thingiverse.com/Emanresu)

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

//cuvette adaptor width (mm)
adaptor_x=12.5;
//cuvette adaptor length (in beampath dimention) (mm)
adaptor_y=12.5;
//cuvette adaptor height (mm)
adaptor_z=45;
//thickness of material at the base of the adaptor (mm)
bottom_thick=4;
//width of adaptor window (mm)
adaptor_window_width=6.5;
//outer thickness of cuvette in beampath dimention (assumes cuvette is full width of adaptor)
cuvette_y=3.7;

/* [Hidden] */

//Set openSCAD resolution
$fa=1;
$fs=0.5;

  /////////////
 // Modules //
/////////////

module holder_body() {
	// body...
	cube(size=[adaptor_x, adaptor_y, adaptor_z], center=true);
}

module adaptor_window_width() {
	// body...
	translate([0, 0, adaptor_window_width/2]) {
		cube(size=[adaptor_window_width, adaptor_y+1, adaptor_z], center=true);
	}
	translate([0, 0, -(adaptor_z-adaptor_window_width)/2]) {
		rotate([90, 00, 00]) {
			cylinder(r=adaptor_window_width/2, h=adaptor_y+1, center=true);
		}
	}
}

module cuvette_cutout() {
	// body...
	cube(size=[adaptor_x+1, cuvette_y, adaptor_z], center=true);
}

  //////////////////
 // Control Code //
//////////////////

difference() {
	holder_body();
	translate([0, 0, bottom_thick]) {
		adaptor_window_width();
		cuvette_cutout();
	}
}

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a customizable cupboard door holder, basically a little thingy that prevents my cats from opening the cupboards. I'd like a parametric design, so I can easily adjust it for different cupboards.

The design will essentially be a flat piece with two cylindrical cutouts that fit around cupboard door knobs or handles. The flat piece will have some extra material extending beyond the cylindrical cutouts to make it sturdy. I'd like the following parameters to be easily customizable:

*   `Thickness`: The thickness of the flat piece.
*   `Knob_Width`: The diameter of the cylindrical cutouts.
*   `Inner_Knob_Distance`: The distance between the centers of the cylindrical cutouts.

I'd also like to have a `Strenght_Factor` (that's probably spelled wrong) but that should be a hidden variable, that's used to determine how much extra material extends beyond the cutouts, making the design a bit more robust. This variable should default to 1.5.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for me? I'd like the main file to be named `cupboard_door_holder.scad` and it should have all the user parameters available. Please don't use any third-party libraries. Thanks!

[Assistant]
01-30_Customizable_Cupboard_Door_holder.scad:
```
/*
* Cupboard Doors Holder
* This was designed to prevent my cats from
* Opening my kitchen/bathroom cupboards
* (Yes I've got quite Eveil cats ;) )
*/

/*
*  Configuration Variables
*/

Thickness = 5 ;
Knob_Width = 10 ;
Inner_Knob_Distance = 65 ;

/* [Hidden] */
Strenght_Factor = 1.5 ;

// End Configuration

module cupboard_doorstop(THICKNESS, KNOB_WIDTH, INNER_KNOB_DISTANCE, STRENGHT_FACTOR)
{
	TOTAL_HEIGHT = KNOB_WIDTH + KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR ;
	TOTAL_LENGTH = KNOB_WIDTH*2 + (KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR)*2 + INNER_KNOB_DISTANCE ;

	difference() {
		difference() {
			linear_extrude(height = THICKNESS, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = 0)
			polygon(points=[[0,0],[0,TOTAL_HEIGHT],[TOTAL_LENGTH,TOTAL_HEIGHT],[TOTAL_LENGTH,0],[TOTAL_LENGTH-(KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR),0],[TOTAL_LENGTH-(KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR),KNOB_WIDTH],[TOTAL_LENGTH-(KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR)-KNOB_WIDTH,KNOB_WIDTH],[TOTAL_LENGTH-(KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR)-KNOB_WIDTH,0],[KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR+KNOB_WIDTH,0],[KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR+KNOB_WIDTH,KNOB_WIDTH],[KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR,KNOB_WIDTH],[KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR,0]]);

			translate([KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR+(KNOB_WIDTH/2),KNOB_WIDTH,-0.5])
			cylinder(h= THICKNESS+1, r=KNOB_WIDTH/2, $fn=20) ;
		}
		translate([TOTAL_LENGTH-(KNOB_WIDTH*STRENGHT_FACTOR+(KNOB_WIDTH/2)),KNOB_WIDTH,-0.5])
		cylinder(h= THICKNESS+1, r=KNOB_WIDTH/2, $fn=20) ;
	}
}

// Draw it ;)
cupboard_doorstop(Thickness, Knob_Width, Inner_Knob_Distance, Strenght_Factor);
```


[User]
Hey, I need an OpenSCAD design for a mold frame, basically a container that will hold plaster or RTV for making casting molds. It's going to have two halves that fit together, a base, and a sprue (the pouring channel). I'm imagining a rectangular frame, with options to control all its dimensions.

Here's what I need:

*   **Frame:**
    *   The frame should be made of two halves, "left" and "right," that are mirror images of each other.
    *   I need to be able to set the overall width, height, and thickness of the mold cavity (the space inside the frame).
    *   I need to set the wall thickness of the frame itself.
    *   I'd like a little cutout notch on each side of each frame half - kind of like two posts and a gap.
    *   Optional labels on each frame half showing which half it is (e.g. "left" or "right"), and the dimensions of the mold cavity. The frame labels should be on the outer faces of the frame - the ones that would be seen when the frame is assembled. I'd also like an option to include labels on the mold itself, on the faces that face inward when assembled.
*   **Base:**
    *   A simple base to sit underneath the frame to fully enclose the mold cavity when the two halves are brought together.
    *   I need to be able to set the base thickness.
    *   An optional label on the base showing the dimensions of the mold.
*   **Sprue:**
    *   The sprue should consist of a funnel that leads into a straight neck.
    *   I need to control the diameter of the funnel opening, the angle of the funnel sides, the overall length of the sprue, and the thickness of the neck.
    *   The sprue should be attached to the base of the mold.

I'd like to control all of the following dimensions:

*   `width`:  Mold width (mm)
*   `height`: Mold height (mm)
*   `thickness`: Mold thickness (mm)
*   `wall`: Frame wall thickness (mm)
*   `base`: Base thickness (mm)
*   `funnel`: Funnel opening diameter (mm)
*   `angle`: Funnel angle (degrees)
*   `sprue_length`: Total sprue length (mm)
*   `neck_thickness`: Sprue neck thickness (mm)
*   `mold_labels`: Toggle mold labels (1 for yes, 0 for no)
*    `frame_labels`: Toggle frame labels (1 for yes, 0 for no)

I'd like a `part` variable to control which of the frame parts I see. That should be an enumerated list, something like: `part = "all"; // [all:All parts,both:Both frame halves,left:Left half of frame,right:Right half of frame,base:Pattern base,sprue:Pattern base with sprue]`.

I think that's everything. I'd also like to use the `write.scad` library to do the labels. Let me know if you have any questions, and thanks in advance!

[Assistant]
Mold_Frame.scad:
```
/* [Global] */
// Which component would you like to see?
part = "all"; // [all:All parts,both:Both frame halves,left:Left half of frame,right:Right half of frame,base:Pattern base,sprue:Pattern base with sprue]

/* [Mold Dimensions] */
// Mold width (mm)
width = 75; // [50:150]
// Mold height (mm)
height = 75; // [50:150]
// Mold thickness (mm)
thickness = 20; // [10:50]
// Frame wall thickness (mm)
wall = 5; // [5:25]

/* [Base and Sprue] */
// Base thickness (mm)
base = 2; // [0:10]
// Funnel opening diameter (mm)
funnel = 20; // [10:30]
// Funnel angle
angle = 60; // [45,60,75]
// Total sprue length (mm)
sprue_length = 20; // [15:100]
// Sprue neck thickness (mm)
neck_thickness = 3; // [1:10]

/* [Labels] */
// Include mold label?
mold_labels = 1; // [1:Yes,0:No]
// Include frame labels?
frame_labels = 1; // [1:Yes,0:No]

/* [Hidden] */
use<write/Write.scad>
$fn = 36;

render() {

	if ( part == "all" ) {
		translate ( [-10,-10,0] )
			left ( width, height, thickness+base, wall );
		translate ( [10,10,0] )
			right ( width, height, thickness+base, wall );
		union() {
			base ( width, height, base );
			translate ( [0,0,base] )
				sprue ( height, funnel, angle, sprue_length, neck_thickness );
		};
	} else if ( part == "both" ) {
		translate ( [-10,-10,0] )
			left ( width, height, thickness+base, wall );
		translate ( [10,10,0] )
			right ( width, height, thickness+base, wall );
	} else if ( part == "left" ) {
		left ( width, height, thickness+base, wall );
	} else if ( part == "right" ) {
		right ( width, height, thickness+base, wall );
	} else if ( part == "base" ) {
		base ( width, height, base );
	} else if ( part == "sprue" ) {
		union() {
			base ( width, height, base );
			translate ( [0,0,base] )
				sprue ( height, funnel, angle, sprue_length, neck_thickness );
		};
	};
};

module left ( width, height, thickness, wall ) {

	letter_height = 5;

	translate ( [0,0,thickness/2] )
		union() {
			difference() {
				cube( size = [width+2*wall,height+2*wall,thickness], center = true );
				translate( [wall,wall,0] )
					cube( size = [width+2*wall,height+2*wall,thickness], center = true );
				translate( [-(width+wall)/2,(height+wall)/2,-thickness/4] )
			 		cube( size = [wall,wall,thickness/2], center = true );
				translate( [(width+wall)/2,-(height+wall)/2,thickness/4] )
					cube( size = [wall,wall,thickness/2], center = true );
				if ( frame_labels ) {
					writecube( "left",where=[0,0,0],size=(width+2*wall),face="left",t=1,h=letter_height );
					writecube( str(width," x ",height," mm"),where=[0,0,0],size=(height+2*wall),face="front",t=1,h=letter_height );
				};
			};
			if ( mold_labels ) {
				writecube( str(width," x ",height," mm"),where=[0,0,0],size=height,face="front",t=1,h=letter_height );
			};
		};
};

module right ( width, height, thickness, wall ) {

	letter_height = 5;

	translate ( [0,0,thickness/2] )
		union() {
			difference() {
				cube( size = [width+2*wall,height+2*wall,thickness], center = true );								translate( [-wall,-wall,0] )
					cube( size = [width+2*wall,height+2*wall,thickness], center = true );
				translate( [(width+wall)/2,-(height+wall)/2,-thickness/4] )
			 		cube( size = [wall,wall,thickness/2], center = true );
				translate( [-(width+wall)/2,(height+wall)/2,thickness/4] )
					cube( size = [wall,wall,thickness/2], center = true );
				if ( frame_labels ) {
					writecube( "right",where=[0,0,0],size=(width+2*wall),face="right",t=1,h=letter_height );
					writecube( str(width," x ",height," mm"),where=[0,0,0],size=(height+2*wall),face="back",t=1,h=letter_height );
				};
			};
		};
};

module base ( width, height, base ) {

	letter_height = 5;

	translate( [0,0,base/2] )
		difference() {
			cube( size = [width, height, base], center = true );
			if ( frame_labels ) {
				writecube( str(width," x ",height," mm"),where=[0,0,0],face="bottom",rotate=180,size=base,t=1,h=letter_height );
			};
		};
};

module sprue ( height, funnel, angle, sprue_length, sprue_thickness ) {

	funnel_height = (funnel/2-sprue_thickness/2)*tan(angle);
	neck_length = sprue_length-funnel_height;

	difference() {
		union() {
			translate( [0, height/2 - funnel_height/2,0] )
				rotate( [-90,0,0] )
					cylinder( r1 = sprue_thickness/2, r2 = funnel/2, h = funnel_height, center = true );
			translate( [ 0, (height/2 - funnel_height - neck_length/2), 0 ] )
				rotate( [-90,0,0] )
					cylinder( r = sprue_thickness/2, h = neck_length, center = true );
		};
		translate( [0,0,-funnel/2] )
			cube( size = [width,height+1,funnel], center = true );
	};
};

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a funky, chunky ring in OpenSCAD. I've got an idea for the basic structure and I'd like to be able to tweak the parameters to get it just right.

Here's the concept: the ring itself will be formed by a cylinder, with lots of little spheres kind of fused onto the outside in a somewhat random way. The key things I'd like to control are:

*   **Ring Radius:** The main radius of the ring, essentially determining its size.
*   **Ring Height:** The height or thickness of the ring along its axis.
*   **Sphere Thickness/Size:** How large the individual spheres are.
*   **Number of Segments/Spheres:** How many of these sphere "chunks" there are around the ring.
*   **Sphere Radius Variation:** How much the radius of the spheres randomly vary.
*    **Sphere Orientation:** To allow all the spheres to have randomized rotation, to create an even more natural looking pattern.

I'm looking for a parametric OpenSCAD file that lets me adjust these values. I'd want a function that generates the basic ring by using a difference of a cylinder with an array of randomly positioned and rotated spheres and a smaller, central cylinder for the inner space. The ring should be centered on the origin.

I'm not using any fancy libraries or anything, just basic OpenSCAD stuff, so no need to worry about including anything. Can you help me out with this?

[Assistant]
ring.scad:
```
// Radius of the ring, in mm
gRadius=2;

// Height of the ring
gHeight=1;

// Thickness of the ring
gThickness=0.75;

// Number of chunky segments
gSegments=25;

// Quality of the ring in the middle
gQuality=500;

function rand1(lower, upper) = rands(lower, upper, 1)[0];

module ring(radius, height, thickness, segments)
{
	function sphereRotation(sphereI) = 360*sphereI/segments;
	difference()
	{
		for(sphereI = [0 : segments])
		{
			rotate([0,0,sphereRotation(sphereI)])
			translate([radius,0,0])
			rotate([rand1(0,360), rand1(0,360), rand1(0, 360)])
			sphere(center=true, r=thickness*rand1(0.6,1.25), $fn=5);
		}
		cylinder(h=height*5.25, center=true, r=radius-thickness/2, $fn=gQuality);
	}
}

ring(radius=gRadius, height=gHeight, thickness=gThickness, segments=gSegments);

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a wristband for my Withings Pulse using OpenSCAD. I've got a decent handle on the basics, but I'm not great at the more complex stuff, so I'm hoping you can help me generate the code.

The main goal is to design a modular, printable wristband with a clip that holds the Pulse device itself. I was inspired by a design someone else did for an iPod Nano. I want to use a chain-link style band, with a customizable length. The links should snap together, and there will be a dedicated clip piece to hold the Pulse. I'm thinking a few parameters will be key:

*   **`tol`**: Tolerance on joints. Larger value, looser fit.
*   **`snap`**: Overlap for snap joints. Larger means harder to take apart.
*   **`T`**: Thickness of the band and links. Must be more than twice the `snap` value.
*   **`W`**: Width of the band.
*   **`Length`**:  Minimum total length of the wristband.
*   **`quality`**: Controls the render quality.

I also want a clip specifically for the Withings Pulse. It should hold the Pulse securely, while still allowing access to the button on the side. The heart rate sensor will not work while clipped in, but that's okay. The clip needs to be shaped around the Pulse dimensions, which I'll provide to you.

I'm not really worried about the build plate or render quality controls, as I can adjust those in the OpenSCAD editor. I'd like you to use the `build_plate.scad` file to display the build plate in the preview. I think the build plate selector is probably the most useful way to go, but the manual controls are useful too.

The band design is supposed to be in a chain format. The clip is intended to be placed at the top of a chain, and not intended to be a band link.

The parameters `Wn`, `L`, and `nub` should not be user parameters. They should be generated by other parameters. The `Wn` parameter should be set to 35.5 when `W` is set to 20, `L` should be 41, and `nub` should be `T-snap`. These values were in the original design.

Here's the Pulse dimensions (roughly): 23mm wide, 43.5mm long (excluding the sensor area which we're not using), 8.5mm thick. I'm not sure on exact dimensions for other parts of the clip, but the design was originally based on these measurements, so I think it's okay. The long side of the Pulse is 43.5mm.

I really like the way the original creator implemented the `monogram` module, so please include that.

I’m not entirely sure how the code is structured - but I suspect you’ll have to handle the main assembly, the links, and the pulse clip separately, so it might be several modules. I’d also like the design to use `linear_extrude`, `rotate`, `translate`, `cube`, `cylinder`, `minkowski`, `hull`, `sphere`, `difference`, `union`, and `mirror`.

I'm using OpenSCAD version 2021.01. Hopefully, this is all clear. Let me know if you need any other information!

[Assistant]
Pulse_wrist_band_customizable.scad:
```
// Pulse wristband

plate();

//Tolerance on joints (larger is looser)
tol=0.5;
//Overlap for snap joints (larger is harder to take apart)
snap=1.2;
//Thickness (must be more than twice snap)
T=3;
//Width of band (it will actually be slightly larger)
W=20;//[10:28]
//Minimum total length
Length=200;
//Smoother renders slower
quality=1;//[1:Coarse,2:Fine]

use <utils/build_plate.scad>

//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 1; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]
//Chain length will not exceed this dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 180; //[100:400]
//
build_plate_manual_y = 190; //[100:400]

build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

$fa=6/quality;
$fs=1/quality;
nub=T-snap;
L=41*1;
Wn=35.5*1;
nT=round((Length-Wn-2*(tol+nub))/(4*nub+2*tol)+0.5);// total links needed
nB=round((build_plate_manual_x-2*nub)/(4*nub+2*tol)-0.5);// max links allowed at once
n=min(nT,nB);// number of links in section
j=round(nT/n+0.49);//  number of sections

module plate(){
translate([0,L/2+5,0])pulseclip();
for(i=[1:j])assign(n1= i==j && i!=1 ? nT-n*(j-1) : n)
	translate([0,(W+3*nub)/2-i*(W+3*nub),0])chain(n=n1);

}

module chain(n=3)
translate([0,0,snap])for(i=[1:n])translate([(i-n/2-1/2)*(4*nub+2*tol),0,0])link();

module clip()
difference(){
	union(){
		translate([0,0,1])cube([Wn,L-12-2*tol,2],center=true);
		translate([Wn/2-nub,0,nub])rotate([180,0,0])link();
		translate([-Wn/2+nub,0,nub])rotate([180,0,0])link();
	}
	translate([0,-L/2+7+4.8/2+tol-5,0])cube([23+2*tol,4.8+2*tol+10,6],center=true);
	translate([0,0,3-tol])cube([Wn,L,2],center=true);
	translate([Wn/2,-L/2,2-tol])rotate([0,-60,0])cube([T,L,T]);
	translate([-Wn/2,-L/2,2-tol])rotate([0,-30,0])cube([T,L,T]);
	translate([0,3,1.5])rotate([0,0,90])monogram();
}

module pulseclip()
	union(){
		difference(){
			minkowski(){
					translate([0,0,3.75])cube([22,44,7.5],center=true);
					translate([0,0,0])cylinder(r=2,h=1.5);
							}
			translate([0,0,7.25])pulse();

//clips
			translate([-15,(43.5-8.5)/2,7.25])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=30, r=4.25);
			translate([-15,-(43.5-8.5)/2,7.25])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=30, r=4.25);

//upper and lower holders for long side of pulse
			translate([0,0,7.25])difference(){
							cube([30,(43.5-8.5),8.5], center=true);
							translate([0,0,-3])hull(){
										translate([0,0,-4])cube([32,(43.5-8.5-8.5),.5],center=true);
										translate([-16,(43.5-8.5-8.5)/2-1.5,2.75])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=32, r=1.5);
										translate([-16,-((43.5-8.5-8.5)/2-1.5),2.75])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=32, r=1.5);
											}
							}

//outer shape top
			translate([0,0,6])difference(){
								translate([0,0,0])cube([32,50,20],center=true);
								hull(){
									translate([-17,(43.5-8.5)/2,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=34, r=5.75);
									translate([-17,-((43.5-8.5)/2),0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=34, r=5.75);
											}
								translate([0,0,-10])cube([34,43.5+3,20],center=true);
											}

//outer shape bottom
			translate([0,0,5.5])difference(){
								translate([0,0,0])cube([32,60,20],center=true);
								hull(){
									translate([-17,(43.5-8.5)/2,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=34, r=5.75);
									translate([-17,-((43.5-8.5)/2),0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=34, r=5.75);
											}
translate([0,0,10])cube([34,43.5+3,20],center=true);
											}

							}

		translate([13-nub,0,nub])rotate([180,0,0])link();
		translate([-13+nub,0,nub])rotate([180,0,0])link();

				}

module pulse() //Shape of Pulse device
		union(){
					cube([23,43.5-8.5,8.5], center=true);
					translate([-11.5,(43.5-8.5)/2,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=23, r=4.25);
					translate([-11.5,-(43.5-8.5)/2,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(h=23, r=4.25);
					}

module link()
render()
union(){
	halflink();
	mirror([0,1,0])halflink();
}

module halflink()
difference(){
	union(){
		rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=nub,h=W/2);
		translate([2*nub+tol,0,0])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=nub-0.01,h=W/2);
		translate([0,-W/2,-nub])cube([2*nub+tol,nub,2*nub]);
		translate([0,-W/2,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=nub,h=2*nub);
		translate([0,-W/2,0])sphere(r=nub);
		translate([2*nub+tol,-W/2,0])sphere(r=nub);
		translate([-2*nub-tol,0,0])connector(inside=1);
		translate([-2*nub-tol,nub+tol-W/2,-nub])cube([2*nub+tol,W/2-nub-tol,2*nub]);
	}
	translate([2*nub+tol,0.01,0])connector(inside=0);
	translate([0,0,-W-snap])cube(2*W,center=true);
}

module connector(inside=0)
union(){
	rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=nub,h=W/2-nub-tol*inside);
	rotate([90,0,0])translate([0,0,W/2-nub-tol*inside])cylinder(r1=nub,r2=0,h=nub);
}

module monogram(h=1)
linear_extrude(height=h,center=true)
translate(-[3,2.5])union(){
	difference(){
		square([4,5]);
		translate([1,1])square([2,3]);
	}
	square([6,1]);
	translate([0,2])square([2,1]);
}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a few different shapes based on the Möbius strip, and I'm hoping you can help me generate the OpenSCAD code.

First, I need a basic Möbius strip generator. It should be parametric, letting me control the radius of the strip, its width, and its thickness. I also need to be able to adjust the number of half-twists (0 for a collar, 1 for a standard Möbius, 2 for a full twist, etc.) and a starting angle, which is important when the number of half-twists is zero. Finally, I want to control the step size in degrees used to create the strip. I have some code for that now, and you can see it above in the "mobius.scad" section but it uses `hull()` and it's slow. I'd like to do something a bit faster if possible.

From that base Möbius strip generator, I'm also interested in creating a few specific variations:

1.  A lampshade shape, which is essentially the Möbius strip generator but with zero half-twists and a 45-degree starting angle.

2.  A "dual Möbius" strip, which would be two Möbius strips combined, one with the standard settings (one half-twist, 0-degree start angle) and a second one with an identical geometry and 90-degree start angle.

3.  A wavy-edged strip, which would use a sinusoidal function to modulate the width of the strip as it goes around based on the angle and width parameters.

4.  Finally, I'd like to see a "large" Möbius strip, where the width is simply three times the radius.

I understand that the current "mobius.scad" file uses `hull()` and that it might be more efficient to use the `concat()` function and `polyhedron()` module instead, like in the linked code on GitHub. I'd like the new generator code to explore that if possible. I've included a link in the description above to where that approach might be found.

It'd be great if you could provide the OpenSCAD files, taking into account all of these requests. I don't need any additional libraries used but I would expect it to handle a few of the use cases described above which may end up needing helper functions. Let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
mobius.scad:
```
// Mobius strip

//Radius of strip
Radius = 30;
//Width of Strip
Width = 15;
//Thickness of strip
Thickness=1;
//Half twists 0 is a collar, 1 is the mobius strip, 2 = fulll twist
Halftwist=1;
//Start Angle - important if Halftwist = 0
Start=90;
//Step size in degrees
Step = 5;

module mobius_strip(radius,width,thickness,step=1, halftwist=3,start=90) {
  for (i = [0:step:360])
    hull() {
       rotate([0,0,i])
          translate([radius,0,0])
             rotate([0,start+i * halftwist * 0.5, 0])
               cube([width,Delta,thickness], center=true);
       rotate([0,0,i+step])
          translate([radius,0,0])
             rotate([0,start+(i+step)* halftwist * 0.5 , 0])
               cube([width,Delta,thickness], center=true);
       }
}

Delta= 0.1;

mobius_strip(Radius, Width, Thickness, Step, Halftwist,Start);
```


[User]
Hi there, I'm looking for some help creating a custom calibration comb generator in OpenSCAD. I've been having some issues with my printer and slicer settings, particularly around fine details, and I think a parametric comb would really help me dial things in.

I'd like to be able to specify the smallest tooth width, the largest tooth width, the increment between teeth, the spacing between the teeth, the length of the teeth, the height of the teeth, and the height of the solid base underneath the teeth.

Here’s the key: I want the comb to start with the smallest tooth width and then increment up to the largest tooth width by the step increment value provided. I'd also like for it to calculate the overall length of the comb based on these parameters.

Essentially, I want to be able to set things like:

*   `start_w`: The width of the smallest tooth (e.g., 0.2mm)
*   `end_w`: The width of the largest tooth (e.g., 1mm)
*   `step_w`: The increment between each tooth width (e.g., 0.05mm)
*   `spacing`: The space between each tooth (e.g., 1mm)
*   `comb_l`: The length of each tooth (e.g., 5mm)
*   `comb_h`: The height of the teeth (e.g., 0.6mm)
*   `base`: The height of the solid base (e.g., 2mm)

I'd like the output to be a 3D model of the comb with all of these settings correctly set. Could you help me create an OpenSCAD file (or files) that does this? No particular library is required here. Thanks!

[Assistant]
mark-custom_comb_calibrator.scad:
```
//make a calibration comb any size you want
//for checking slicer and printer settings
//mark peeters 2-1-2014

/* [calibration comb settings] */
//smallest tooth width (mm)
start_w=0.2;
//largest tooth (mm)(not exact but close)
end_w=1;
//tooth width increments(mm)
step_w=.05;
//space between teeth(mm)
spacing=1;
//tooth length(mm)
comb_l=5;
//tooth height(mm)
comb_h=.6;
//solid comb base height(mm)
base=2;

echo("total mm length of comb is",(end_w/step_w+1)*(end_w/2)+(spacing*end_w/step_w));

//make the base
cube([(end_w/step_w+1)*(end_w/2)+(spacing*end_w/step_w),base,comb_h]);

//make the teeth
for (i = [0:step_w:end_w]) {
//echo("tooth # is now",1+i/step_w);//for debug
//echo("tooth W is now",start_w+i);//for debug
translate([(i/step_w+1)*(i/2)+(spacing*i/step_w),0,0])cube([start_w+i,comb_l,comb_h]);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a new J-head mount for my Rostock 3D printer, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD to make it parametric. I've been working off of a design I found online (I've included the code below for reference), but it has some issues and I want to start from scratch.

Basically, I need a two-part mount consisting of a plate that attaches to the Rostock platform and an insert that holds the J-head hotend. I'd like the design to be configurable to handle either single or dual hotend setups. Here are the core parameters I have in mind:

*   **Plate Configuration:**  The plate should be able to be configured for "Single," "Double," or "All" (meaning a single plate can be used with both the single or double insert).
*   **Insert Configuration:** The insert should be configurable for "Single" or "Double" J-heads.
*   **Pneumatic Fitting:** The design should include holes for pneumatic fittings. I need to define the thread diameter and thread height.  Specifically, I need to be able to set `Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter` and `Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height`. Also add some clearance around each thread with a wall of a set thickness (`fitting_wall_th`).
*   **Plate Dimensions:** I need to be able to set the plate's diameter (`Plate_Diameter`) and height (`Plate_Height`). I'd like a small chamfer around the top edge of the plate (`plate_chamfer`).
*   **Insert Dimensions:** I need to be able to set the insert diameter (`Insert_Diameter`) and use a `dual_offset` parameter for dual J-head spacing on the plate and the insert. The height of the insert depends on the heights of the J-head components, and I want those to be parametrically defined as well; `j_head_dia`, `j_head_upper_h`, `j_head_groove_dia`, and `j_head_groove_h`.  The total height of the insert should be `j_head_groove_h+j_head_upper_h`.
*   **Bolt Holes:** The plate needs mounting holes that match the Rostock platform's bolt circle diameter (`Plate_Bolt_Circle_Diameter`) for M4 bolts, and the insert will need holes for M3 bolts to mount it to the plate. I need to define the radius of both the clearance holes and also the nut traps for the M3s on the insert and the depth of those nut traps, so please use `M3_clearance_radius`, `M3_nut_radius` and `M3_nut_trap_depth`. Also add a small bit of extra clearance around these holes of an amount specified by `extra`.
*   **J-Head Specifics:** The insert should have holes that accommodate the J-head hotend. I've got parameters for `j_head_dia`, `j_head_upper_h`, `j_head_groove_dia`, and `j_head_groove_h` to define the J-head dimensions, which are included in the provided code.
*   **Output Control:** I'd also like to be able to control what is generated, either "Both", "Plate", or "Insert". Please use `Resulting_Objects` for this.
*   **General:** The code uses `ns` as a non-zero thickness of the part that contains the bolt head clearance on the insert.

I think it would be helpful to use the `hull()` function to smooth the edges on some of the cylinders, especially for the plate and the nut traps on the insert.

I've also included some example code below, which might be helpful, but I'd like it to be generated from scratch.
```
$fs=0.5*1;
j_head_dia = 15.875*1;
j_head_upper_h = 4.76*1;
j_head_groove_dia = 12*1;
j_head_groove_h = 4.64*1;
insert_height=j_head_groove_h+j_head_upper_h;
dual_offset = 10*1;
extra = 0.1*1;
ns=1*1;

M3_clearance_radius = (3/2)+0.4;//(3.3/2);
M3_nut_radius = (6.01/2)+0.4;
M3_nut_trap_depth = 2.2*1;
M4_clearance_radius = (4/2)+0.4;//2.2;
holes = [
	[-13.15,7.2],
	[-13.15,-7.2],
	[12.75,7.2],
	[12.75,-7.2]
];

// Customizer Settings

// The configuration of the heads. Can be single or double.
Insert_Configuration = "Double"; //[Single,Double]

// The configuration of the plate. "All" will result in a plate that can be used with either the single or double insert. "Single" and "Double" will result in a plate specific to the insert.
Plate_Configuration = "All"; //[All,Single,Double]

// The tap drill diameter of the pneumatic fitting threads. Some common values: 1/8" NPT = 8.611 mm, 1/4" NPT = 11.113 mm, 1/8" BSP = 8.6, 1/4" BSP = 11.5.
Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter = 8.6;

// The length of the threaded part of the pneumatic fitting.
Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height = 7.0;

fitting_wall_th = 2*1;
plate_chamfer = 1*1;

// The thickness of the plate.
Plate_Height = 3;

// The diameter of the plate. This should match the outer diameter of the Rostock platform; for the standard Rostock this should be 60.
Plate_Diameter = 60;

// The diameter of the insert. This should be just less than the inner diameter of the Rostock platform; for the standard Rostock the inner diameter is 40.
Insert_Diameter = 39;

// The bolt circle diameter for the 4 mm bolts ono the plate. This should match the bolt circle diameter of the Rostock Platform; for the standard Rostock this should be 50.
Plate_Bolt_Circle_Diameter = 50;

// What objects would you like to generate?
Resulting_Objects = "Insert";//[Both,Plate,Insert]

max_height=max(Plate_Height,Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height,insert_height);

// Display
if(Resulting_Objects=="Both") {
translate([(Plate_Diameter/2)+2.5,0,0])	jhead_mount_plate();
translate([-(Insert_Diameter/2)-2.5,0,0]) jhead_mount_insert();
} else if(Resulting_Objects=="Plate") {
	jhead_mount_plate();
} else if(Resulting_Objects=="Insert") {
	jhead_mount_insert();
} else {
	echo("This shouldn't happen.");
}

module jhead_mount_plate() {
  difference() {
		// Base plate.
		union() {
		hull() {
			cylinder(r=(Plate_Diameter/2),h=Plate_Height-plate_chamfer);
			translate([0,0,Plate_Height-plate_chamfer]) cylinder(r=(Plate_Diameter/2)-plate_chamfer,h=plate_chamfer);
		}
	hull() {
		if(Plate_Configuration!="Double") {
		translate([0,0,0]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2)+fitting_wall_th,h=Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height);
		}
	if(Plate_Configuration!="Single") {
		translate([0,-dual_offset,0]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2)+fitting_wall_th,h=Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height);
		translate([0,dual_offset,0]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2)+fitting_wall_th,h=Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height);
		}
	}
}

		// 6 x 4mm holes for mounting to platform.
		for(i=[0:60:360]) {
			rotate([0,0,i]) translate([(Plate_Bolt_Circle_Diameter/2),0,-extra]) cylinder(r=M4_clearance_radius,h=max_height+(2*extra));
		}

		// 3 x 5mm holes for pneumatic fitting(s).
		if(Plate_Configuration!="Double") {
		translate([0,0,-extra]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2),h=max_height+(2*extra));
}
	if(Plate_Configuration!="Single") {
		translate([0,-dual_offset,-extra]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2),h=max_height+(2*extra));
		translate([0,dual_offset,-extra]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2),h=max_height+(2*extra));
}

		// 3mm holes for mounting J_insert.
		for (i=holes) {
			translate([i[0],i[1],-extra]) cylinder(h=max_height+(2*extra),r=M3_clearance_radius,center=true);
		}
  }

}

module jhead_mount_insert() {
	difference() {
		// Base insert.
		cylinder(h=insert_height,r=(Insert_Diameter/2));

		// 3mm holes for mounting to J_Ring.
		for (i=holes) {
			// 3mm hole through insert.

			// M3 nut on top of insert.
			hull() {
				translate([i[0],i[1],insert_height-M3_nut_trap_depth-(ns/2)]) cylinder(h=ns,r=M3_clearance_radius,center=true);
				translate([i[0],i[1],insert_height-(M3_nut_trap_depth/2)]) cylinder(h=M3_nut_trap_depth+extra,r=M3_nut_radius,center=true,$fn=6);
			}

			// M3 nut of bottom of insert.
			hull() {
				translate([i[0],i[1],M3_nut_trap_depth+(ns/2)]) cylinder(h=ns,r=M3_clearance_radius,center=true);
				translate([i[0],i[1],(M3_nut_trap_depth/2)-extra]) cylinder(h=M3_nut_trap_depth+extra,r=M3_nut_radius,center=true,$fn=6);
			}
			translate([i[0],i[1],-extra]) cylinder(h=max_height+(2*extra),r=M3_clearance_radius);
		}

		// Hole for J-Head.
		if(Insert_Configuration=="Double") {
			translate([0,-dual_offset,-0.1]) rotate([0,0,270]) jhead_hole();
			translate([0,dual_offset,-0.1]) rotate([0,0,90]) jhead_hole();
		} else {
			translate([0,0,-0.1]) rotate([0,0,270]) jhead_hole();
		}
	}
}

module jhead_hole() {
	translate([0,0,-extra]) cylinder(h=max_height+(2*extra),r=j_head_groove_dia/2,center=true);
	translate([0,0,j_head_groove_h]) cylinder(h=5,r=j_head_dia/2);
	translate([(Insert_Diameter/2)/2,0,-extra]) cube([(Insert_Diameter/2),j_head_groove_dia-0.2,max_height+(2*extra)],center=true);
	translate([(Insert_Diameter/2)/2,0,(5/2)+j_head_groove_h]) cube([(Insert_Diameter/2),j_head_dia-0.2,5],center=true);
}
```
Thanks for your help with this!

[Assistant]
jhead_mount.scad:
```
$fs=0.5*1;
j_head_dia = 15.875*1;
j_head_upper_h = 4.76*1;
j_head_groove_dia = 12*1;
j_head_groove_h = 4.64*1;
insert_height=j_head_groove_h+j_head_upper_h;
dual_offset = 10*1;
extra = 0.1*1;
ns=1*1;

M3_clearance_radius = (3/2)+0.4;//(3.3/2);
M3_nut_radius = (6.01/2)+0.4;
M3_nut_trap_depth = 2.2*1;
M4_clearance_radius = (4/2)+0.4;//2.2;
holes = [
	[-13.15,7.2],
	[-13.15,-7.2],
	[12.75,7.2],
	[12.75,-7.2]
];

// Customizer Settings

// The configuration of the heads. Can be single or double.
Insert_Configuration = "Double"; //[Single,Double]

// The configuration of the plate. "All" will result in a plate that can be used with either the single or double insert. "Single" and "Double" will result in a plate specific to the insert.
Plate_Configuration = "All"; //[All,Single,Double]

// The tap drill diameter of the pneumatic fitting threads. Some common values: 1/8" NPT = 8.611 mm, 1/4" NPT = 11.113 mm, 1/8" BSP = 8.6, 1/4" BSP = 11.5.
Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter = 8.6;

// The length of the threaded part of the pneumatic fitting.
Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height = 7.0;

fitting_wall_th = 2*1;
plate_chamfer = 1*1;

// The thickness of the plate.
Plate_Height = 3;

// The diameter of the plate. This should match the outer diameter of the Rostock platform; for the standard Rostock this should be 60.
Plate_Diameter = 60;

// The diameter of the insert. This should be just less than the inner diameter of the Rostock platform; for the standard Rostock the inner diameter is 40.
Insert_Diameter = 39;

// The bolt circle diameter for the 4 mm bolts ono the plate. This should match the bolt circle diameter of the Rostock Platform; for the standard Rostock this should be 50.
Plate_Bolt_Circle_Diameter = 50;

// What objects would you like to generate?
Resulting_Objects = "Insert";//[Both,Plate,Insert]

max_height=max(Plate_Height,Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height,insert_height);

// Display
if(Resulting_Objects=="Both") {
translate([(Plate_Diameter/2)+2.5,0,0])	jhead_mount_plate();
translate([-(Insert_Diameter/2)-2.5,0,0]) jhead_mount_insert();
} else if(Resulting_Objects=="Plate") {
	jhead_mount_plate();
} else if(Resulting_Objects=="Insert") {
	jhead_mount_insert();
} else {
	echo("This shouldn't happen.");
}

module jhead_mount_plate() {
  difference() {
		// Base plate.
		union() {
		hull() {
			cylinder(r=(Plate_Diameter/2),h=Plate_Height-plate_chamfer);
			translate([0,0,Plate_Height-plate_chamfer]) cylinder(r=(Plate_Diameter/2)-plate_chamfer,h=plate_chamfer);
		}
	hull() {
		if(Plate_Configuration!="Double") {
		translate([0,0,0]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2)+fitting_wall_th,h=Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height);
		}
	if(Plate_Configuration!="Single") {
		translate([0,-dual_offset,0]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2)+fitting_wall_th,h=Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height);
		translate([0,dual_offset,0]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2)+fitting_wall_th,h=Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Height);
		}
	}
}

		// 6 x 4mm holes for mounting to platform.
		for(i=[0:60:360]) {
			rotate([0,0,i]) translate([(Plate_Bolt_Circle_Diameter/2),0,-extra]) cylinder(r=M4_clearance_radius,h=max_height+(2*extra));
		}

		// 3 x 5mm holes for pneumatic fitting(s).
		if(Plate_Configuration!="Double") {
		translate([0,0,-extra]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2),h=max_height+(2*extra));
}
	if(Plate_Configuration!="Single") {
		translate([0,-dual_offset,-extra]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2),h=max_height+(2*extra));
		translate([0,dual_offset,-extra]) cylinder(r=(Pneumatic_Fitting_Thread_Diameter/2),h=max_height+(2*extra));
}

		// 3mm holes for mounting J_insert.
		for (i=holes) {
			translate([i[0],i[1],-extra]) cylinder(h=max_height+(2*extra),r=M3_clearance_radius,center=true);
		}
  }

}

module jhead_mount_insert() {
	difference() {
		// Base insert.
		cylinder(h=insert_height,r=(Insert_Diameter/2));

		// 3mm holes for mounting to J_Ring.
		for (i=holes) {
			// 3mm hole through insert.

			// M3 nut on top of insert.
			hull() {
				translate([i[0],i[1],insert_height-M3_nut_trap_depth-(ns/2)]) cylinder(h=ns,r=M3_clearance_radius,center=true);
				translate([i[0],i[1],insert_height-(M3_nut_trap_depth/2)]) cylinder(h=M3_nut_trap_depth+extra,r=M3_nut_radius,center=true,$fn=6);
			}

			// M3 nut of bottom of insert.
			hull() {
				translate([i[0],i[1],M3_nut_trap_depth+(ns/2)]) cylinder(h=ns,r=M3_clearance_radius,center=true);
				translate([i[0],i[1],(M3_nut_trap_depth/2)-extra]) cylinder(h=M3_nut_trap_depth+extra,r=M3_nut_radius,center=true,$fn=6);
			}
			translate([i[0],i[1],-extra]) cylinder(h=max_height+(2*extra),r=M3_clearance_radius);
		}

		// Hole for J-Head.
		if(Insert_Configuration=="Double") {
			translate([0,-dual_offset,-0.1]) rotate([0,0,270]) jhead_hole();
			translate([0,dual_offset,-0.1]) rotate([0,0,90]) jhead_hole();
		} else {
			translate([0,0,-0.1]) rotate([0,0,270]) jhead_hole();
		}
	}
}

module jhead_hole() {
	translate([0,0,-extra]) cylinder(h=max_height+(2*extra),r=j_head_groove_dia/2,center=true);
	translate([0,0,j_head_groove_h]) cylinder(h=5,r=j_head_dia/2);
	translate([(Insert_Diameter/2)/2,0,-extra]) cube([(Insert_Diameter/2),j_head_groove_dia-0.2,max_height+(2*extra)],center=true);
	translate([(Insert_Diameter/2)/2,0,(5/2)+j_head_groove_h]) cube([(Insert_Diameter/2),j_head_dia-0.2,5],center=true);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to create some flower designs using OpenSCAD, and I'm looking for a flexible system where I can easily tweak various aspects of the flower's shape and structure.  I'm inspired by the "loopy flower creator" design, and I'd like to build something similar but with more specific control over different elements.

Specifically, I want a parametric design that allows me to:

*   **Control the central pistil structure:**  I want to define the shape of the central stem/cylinder, with separate control over its top and bottom radius. I'd also like to have an option to add a stigma at the top with its own parametric controls like the number of points, radius, width, and height. There should also be an optional "bed adhesion" element at the base to help with printing.
*   **Define petal layers:** I want to create layers of petals that spiral outwards, with these parameters:
    *   The number of petals per layer.
    *   The angle of rotation between each layer.
    *   The starting height of the petals.
    *   The length of the petals at their base and their tip. The length should interpolate between these values across the petal layers.
    *   The width and height of individual petals, which should also be based on printer slicer settings.
    *   An angle to control how much the petals come out straight or go up and out from the center.
    *   The direction of rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise).
*   **Advanced Parametrics:** I would like easy access to change the petal width and height, as this relates to how thin and delicate I want the petals to be, and also to match my desired slice settings.
*   **Modular Approach:** I'd like the design to be modular so I can tweak parts independently, maybe by using functions/modules for the pistil, individual petals, and the stigma. This makes it easier to keep it all manageable, and I may want to re-use pieces later.

I'm not sure how to set up the exact math for the petal lengths as they progress up, or how best to position the stigma points, but I know that it will be some type of spiral approach with the rotation and height. Could you create an OpenSCAD design that incorporates all of this using the core language without needing any extra libraries? I would like it to be in a single `.scad` file. I want to be able to easily change all of these parameters via customizer, and it is important that the petals print as a single line with the nozzle, as this is the "drooloop" effect I am after.

[Assistant]
Mark_flower_1.8.web.scad:
```
//loopy flower creator - deliberatly printing in the air!
//mark peeters DEC 29, 2013
//You may want to turn off fans once the petals start printing, unless you like the blown effect
//more details are posted here: http://
// preview[view:south, tilt:bottom diagonal]

/* [flower center parameters] */

//the flower is upside down when modeled and printed
// Petal layer symmetry
p_number=4; //[1:16]
// Twist angle between each petal layer..  good pair values for (p_number,twist) are (8,26),(7&8&9,33),(3&4&5&6,42),(4&5,46) more fun angles (26.832,32.863,37.947,42.426,46.476,50.2,53.666)
twist=33;
// Flower center cylinder lower radius(remember printing upside down)
plower_radius=2.5;
// Flower center cylinder top radius(remember printing upside down)
ptop_radius=2.5;
// radius for area sticking to bed-! DO NOT MAKE rc>plower_radius - ALSO if using stigma this can be small
rc=2.5;

/* [petal parameters] */
// Flower total height
total_height=20;
// Petals start at this height, for spherical center set equal to "plower_radius"
p_start_height=15;
//petal lenght lower layer (remember printing upside down)
p_lenght_lower=30;
//petal lenght top layer (remember printing upside down)
p_lenght_top=40;

/* [Stigma parameters] */
//the stimga is the pointy parts on the end of the Pistil, yes for Pistil, No if doing a disk/spherical type center
stigma=1;//[0:no,1:yes]
//Stigma layer symmetry
stig_number=5;//[2:12]
//Stigma radius, make >plower_radius or it will not show
stig_radius=5;
//Stigma width at base, keep small
stig_width=2;
//Stigma height OR how far up the Style will it go?(remember printing upside down)
stig_height=8;

/* [advanced parameters] */
//petal width, - SET TO THE SLICE WALL VALUE that you will use.(I like 0.8mm and ignore nozzle, it seems to work well for both 0.4mm and 0.35mm nozzles I use, and makes the inside of the flower two passes, zero infill, no top)
p_width=.8;
//petal height - SET TO THE SLICE LAYER VALUE that you will use. (I LIKE 0.2mm, i want a good string coming out when printing in air. if you see petals dissapear in gcode/layer previews, make this value a bit bigger like 0.11mm for slicing at 0.1mm or 0.21mm if slicing at 0.2mm)
p_height=.2;
//petal angle at cylinder surface, 90 is straight out 180 tangent.
p_angle=90;
//Turning direction.
direction=-1;//[-1:counterclockwise,1:clockwise]

/* [hidden] */

//CALULATED VALUES
p_vnum=(total_height-p_start_height)/p_height;// total numnber of petal vertical layers
p_vertical_count=p_vnum-1;// for loop
p_length_step=(p_lenght_top-p_lenght_lower)/p_vertical_count;//per layer petal length steps
p_raduis_step=(ptop_radius-plower_radius)/p_vertical_count;//per layer petal displacement , gotta keep this shit together you know
hdown=plower_radius-sqrt(plower_radius*plower_radius-rc*rc);//height needed to get proper area for bed sticking , it's a "spherical cap" calculation based on rc&rs

//****flower center-pistil*********************************
//hull just insures smooth transtion from sticking area if you make p_start_height<plower_radius, other wise it's not really needed
hull () {    //start hull
difference() {   //start ovary (more or less)
translate([0,0,plower_radius-hdown]) sphere(plower_radius,$fn=50);//flower center sphere
translate([-rc,-rc,-rc*2]) cube(rc*2);//remove bottom to get desired rc area sticking to bed
translate([0,0,plower_radius*2]) cube(plower_radius*2,center=true);//trim top of sphere
			} //end ovary
translate([0,0,p_start_height])
cylinder($fn=100,r1=plower_radius,r2=ptop_radius,total_height-p_start_height);//core base for petal section
			}//end hull
if (stigma==1){
stigma(stig_number,stig_radius,stig_width,stig_height);
}
//*****end flower center-pistil*************************

//****flower assemble petals*********************************
for (j=[0:p_vertical_count]) {//petal horizontal layers
	rotate([0,0,j*twist]) translate([0,0,p_start_height+j*p_height])
		for (i=[1:p_number]) {//single petal layer
			rotate ([0,0,i*360/p_number])
   		translate([0,plower_radius+p_raduis_step*j-1,0])
			rotate ([0,0,p_angle])
			color ("blue")
			petal(p_lenght_lower+p_length_step*j,p_width,p_height);
		}//end i single petal layer
} //end j horizontal layers

//petal(20,.8,.2);//uncomment and use ! for testing****************
module petal(p_l,p_w,p_h) {
union() {
cube([p_l,p_w,p_h]);//petal shaft
translate([p_l,p_w/2,0]) cylinder(r=p_w/2,p_h);//petal smooth tip
}//end union
}//end module petal*********************************************

// !stigma(1,10,2,5);//uncomment and use ! for testing****************
module stigma(s_n,s_r,s_w,s_h) {//(number,radius,width,height)
stig_points=[ [s_r,0,0],[0,-s_w,0],[0,s_w,0], // the three points at base
           [0,0,s_h]  ];                      		   // the apex point
stig_triangles=[ [0,1,3],[1,2,3],[2,0,3],          // each triangle side
              [0,2,1] ];               			 // one triangle base
for (i=[1:s_n])     {
rotate([0,0,i*(360/s_n)]) polyhedron(stig_points,stig_triangles);
			}
}//end module stigma*********************************************

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric cable management system based on a ball-and-socket joint design, and I'd like it to be designed in OpenSCAD.  I have a good idea of what I want, but I need help getting it into code. The core concept is a series of ball joints connected by short cylindrical sections, creating a flexible "spine" that can be bent and adjusted. I'm going to explain what I'm looking for in more detail.

First off, I'd like the system to be defined by several parameters. There should be a `height` parameter that controls the length of the straight cylindrical section between each ball joint. This height should define the distance between the center points of each ball.  Then, there needs to be an `inner_pipe_radius` parameter which controls the size of the internal channel, where the cable will run. There should also be a `large_joint_inner_radius` parameter controlling the size of the ball joint where it connects with the cylindrical section. There also needs to be a `thickness` parameter defining the thickness of the walls of both the cylinder and the ball joints.

A key design element I need is a channel along the length of each cylinder segment. This channel needs to be open on one side so that cables can be laid into the system rather than needing to be pushed through a hole. This channel should extend into both ball joints. I think it would be good to have the channel on the bottom and the ball cut away along the bottom.

In terms of the ball joints themselves, the outer sphere of the larger ball joint (the one that connects with the cylinder) should have the radius specified by `large_joint_inner_radius + thickness`. And the inner sphere of this joint is defined by `large_joint_inner_radius`. The inner sphere of the smaller ball joint (the one opposite the cylinder) should be defined by `large_joint_inner_radius-thickness`. It should be connected directly to the main section, the base of the smaller sphere, by extending the same size cylindrical pipe section, but only in a very short section.

I'd really like this to be implemented cleanly with good use of modules, allowing for each component (the cylinder and ball joint) to be assembled parametrically. I'm also hoping for a good way to control the number of these segments. Would it be possible to generate the code for the entire system and for individual segments using a module that can loop? For example, a module that would create an individual module, and a module that would then link those together in a chain based on how many are needed.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this? I don't have any specific preference for libraries other than wanting a clean, well structured set of modules.

[Assistant]
CableThingParametric.scad:
```
//This is the height from the center of the large ball to the cente of the small ball, not the overall height of the object.
//Height of the shaft, not the full object
height=30; //[10:50]

//This is the reidus of the inner pipe (The amount of space you have to run cables.
//Inner Pipe radius
inner_pipe_radius=4;//[2:10]

//This is the outer raidus of the small joint and the inner raidus of the outter joint.
//Outer joint size of the small ball joint and inner joint size of the large ball joint.
large_joint_inner_radius=8;//[4:12]

// How thick are the walls.
// Thickness of the walls
thickness=2;//[1:5]

difference(){
	union(){
		//The large ball joint, outter
		sphere(large_joint_inner_radius+thickness);

		//The outter shaft
		cylinder(h=height,r=inner_pipe_radius+thickness);

		//The small ball joint, outter
		translate([0,0,height]) sphere(large_joint_inner_radius);
	}

	//This cuts the inner pipe.  The place for the cables
	cylinder(h=height,r=inner_pipe_radius);

	//This cuts the inner part of the large ball joint
	sphere(large_joint_inner_radius);

	//This cuts the inner part of the small ball joint
	translate([0,0,height]) sphere(large_joint_inner_radius-thickness);

	//This cuts the bottom of the large outter joint
	translate([-large_joint_inner_radius-thickness,-large_joint_inner_radius-thickness,-large_joint_inner_radius-thickness]) cube([(large_joint_inner_radius+thickness)*2,(large_joint_inner_radius+thickness)*2,(large_joint_inner_radius+thickness)*.7]);

	//This cuts the top of the small inner joint.  Needed a little more than calculated.  Needed to be a little more then calculated.
	translate([-large_joint_inner_radius,-large_joint_inner_radius,height+((large_joint_inner_radius+thickness)*.3)]) cube([large_joint_inner_radius*2,large_joint_inner_radius*2,(large_joint_inner_radius*2)]);

	//This is the slot
	translate([-inner_pipe_radius+(thickness/2),-large_joint_inner_radius-thickness,-large_joint_inner_radius-thickness]) cube([(inner_pipe_radius*2)-thickness,large_joint_inner_radius+thickness,height+((large_joint_inner_radius+thickness)*2)]) cube([((large_joint_inner_radius+thickness)*.7)+(large_joint_inner_radius*.7)]);
}
```


[User]
Hey, I need a parametric lens hood design for my camera lens, and I'm hoping you can generate the OpenSCAD code for it. I've made a basic version before, but it kept falling off so I want to improve on it by adding lugs to lock it in place. I'd like to be able to adjust a few parameters to fit different lenses.

Essentially, the hood consists of three main sections: a bottom tube that fits onto the lens, a top tube that forms the hood itself, and a conical connector between them. Also, I need three lugs at the base that engage with the lens bayonet mount.

Here are the parameters I'd like to control:

*   `thickness`: The thickness of the tube walls.
*   `d1_inside`: The inside diameter of the bottom tube.
*   `h1`: The height of the bottom tube.
*   `d2_inside`: The inside diameter of the top tube.
*   `h2`: The height of the top tube.
*   `c_ht`: The height of the connector section.
*   `f_pcent`: Percentage of the circumference for each flange (lug) - this controls the size of the bayonet lugs.
*   `f_th`: The thickness of each flange.
*   `f_ht`: The height of each flange.
*   `$fn`: Resolution of curves

I'd like the design to calculate `d1` and `d2` as the inside diameters plus twice the `thickness` (i.e., `d1=d1_inside+2*thickness` and `d2=d2_inside+2*thickness`). The flanges should also be created using a pie slice mask.

I am not sure of any specific library I want to use - just use the standard OpenSCAD primitives and math functions. Could you generate the appropriate OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
lens_hood2.scad:
```
//Parameterised olympus bayonet lens hood generator
// Glyn Cowles Feb 2014

//Thickness of tube walls
thickness=1.5;
//Inside diameter of bottom tube
d1_inside=64;
//Height of bottom tube
h1=10;
//Inside diameter of top tube
d2_inside=75;
//Height of top tube
h2=10;
//Height of connector section
c_ht=30;
// Percentage of circumference for one flange
f_pcent=12;
// Flange thickness
f_th=.7;
//Flange height
f_ht=1;
// Resolution
$fn=90;

d1=d1_inside+2*thickness;
d2=d2_inside+2*thickness;
mask_degree=ceil(120-(f_pcent/100*360)); // this is the angle of the pie_slice mask
assemble();
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
module tube(d,h,t) { // diameter height thickness
rad=d/2;
difference() {
cylinder(h=h,r=rad);
cylinder(h=h,r=rad-t);
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------

module connector(){
difference() {
 cylinder (h=c_ht,r1=d1/2,r2=d2/2);
 cylinder (h=c_ht,r1=d1/2-thickness,r2=d2/2-thickness);
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------

module flange() { // the three connecting lugs at the base
  difference() {
  tube(d1-thickness*2,f_ht,f_th);
  union () {
  		pie_slice(0,mask_degree,d1,f_ht)  ; //65 deg is the amount to remove
  		pie_slice(120,mask_degree,d1,f_ht)  ;
  		pie_slice(240,mask_degree,d1,f_ht)  ;
	}
  }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------

module pie_slice(a,b,rad,h) { // make a pie slice starting at angle a continuing for angle b with radius of rad and height of h
	x1=sin(a)*rad;
	y1=cos(a)*rad;
	x2=sin(a+b)*rad;
	y2=cos(a+b)*rad;
	linear_extrude(height=h)
	polygon(
		points=[ [0,0],[x1,y1],[x2,y2]]
	);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------

module assemble() {
union() {
	tube(d1,h1,thickness); //bottom tube
	translate([0,0,h1]) connector();  // connector
	translate([0,0,h1+c_ht])  tube(d2,h2,thickness); // top tube
	translate([0,0,h1/2-f_th]) flange(); //connecting lugs
	}
};

```


[User]
Hey, I'm working on a project to adapt different filters to my pinhole camera, and I'd really like to get some OpenSCAD code that can make filter adapters parametrically. I've got a basic design in mind, but I need it to be flexible for different filter and camera lens sizes.

Basically, I need a cylindrical adapter that has one diameter on one side to fit over the lens of my camera, and a different diameter on the other side to accept a filter. I'll need to be able to specify the outside diameter of the filter, the outside diameter of the camera lens cylinder, and the height of the adapter. I'd also like to have a small lip or ring around each cylinder end for extra support. Think of it as a cylinder with two different diameters, and a small, short ring extending out from each cylinder edge.

The design should also include a "henge" feature – a series of small cylindrical indentations arranged concentrically around the perimeter of the adapter. It's mostly for looks but might also add some grip. The number of indentations, their size, and distance from the main cylinder wall should also be configurable. I want these to be on the outside perimeter of the *larger* diameter, so that when mounted they form an outside ring.

The whole thing is a bit like a stepped cylinder with an indented ring around the outside of the bigger diameter.

For fit, I need to be able to add a "fudge factor", which is a small amount added to the inside diameters of the cylinders to ensure a good fit with 3D printed parts, since they might not be perfect. I need to be able to define this variable too.

Also, it should be able to handle situations where the filter is either larger or smaller than the lens. The adapter should be oriented with the larger diameter on top. And I'd like to be able to specify the thickness of that outer ring on each side.

Could you also generate a separate test file for calibration rings? I'd like a couple of simple rings, of different diameters, so I can measure how accurate my printer is. I'd like to specify the OD and ID of each ring, as well as the height.

I'm not using any special libraries, just vanilla OpenSCAD. Thanks so much!

[Assistant]
P66_filter_adapter.scad:
```
/* Parametric Filter Holder

for the P6*6

3D Printed Pinhole Camera

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:157844

By schlem

theschlem@gmail.com

01/29/2014

Designed for the Thingiverse Customizer

To allow for mounting any sized filter on the front

of the P6*6. For best results, the optional trim

ring should be mounted on the face of the "Shutter

Clamp" http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:219829

Using a Neutral Density filter can increase an

exposure duration to a usable speed in bright light.

Too much light means an impossible fast shutter speed

for a hand shuttered camera. Color filters can

compensate for, or create color shifts.

*/

// ******** First Things ***********************

$fn=120;

// ******** Parameters *************************

// All measurements in mm

filter_OD = 54.50; 	// OD of filter in threaded frame
							// sized for 52mm filters I bought
							// through Amazon.com

clip_OD = 50.92; 		// OD of "lens" cylinder
							// sized for P6*6, use 49.20 for Holga 120

ring = 3; 				// thickness of ring around larger diameter

filter_h = 6.5; 		// height of filter
lens_h = 3;				// height of "lens" cylinder

height =
	filter_h+lens_h;	// overall height

fudge = 0.80; 			// mm added to inside diameters for best fit

count= 45; 				//number of indentions in perimeter

// ******** Top Level code *********************

// Determine larger of the two diameters and construct adapter
// orients the larger diameter above the smaller for no overhang

if (filter_OD > clip_OD)
{
	translate([0,0,height/2])
	difference()
	{
		cylinder(h = height,r = ring + (filter_OD + fudge)/2, center = true);

		translate([0,0,-lens_h/3])
		cylinder(h = height*2, r = (clip_OD + fudge)/2, center = true);

		translate([0,0,lens_h])
		cylinder(h = height, r = (filter_OD + fudge)/2, center = true);

		henge(x=2, y=2, z=height*2, offset=ring + (filter_OD + fudge)/2);
	}

}
else  		// to be fixed
{
	translate([0,0,adapter_h/2])
	difference()
	{
		cylinder(h = height,r = ring + (clip_OD + fudge)/2, center = true);

		translate([0,0,-filter_h/3])
		cylinder(h = height*2 ,r = (filter_OD + fudge)/2, center = true);

  		translate([0,0,filter_h])
		cylinder(h = height, r = (clip_OD + fudge)/2, center = true);

		henge(x=2, y=2, z=height*2, offset=ring + (clip_OD + fudge)/2);
	}
}

// ******** Modules ****************************

module henge(x=20, y=20, z=8, offset=20)
// I'm sure there is a better name for a concentric ring
// of columns, but I don't know what it is...
// But thanks to Eddie Izzard for this term!
// x and y control the dimensions of cube, if used
{
	echo (offset);
	for ( i = [0 : count-1] )
	{
		rotate([0,0,(360/count)*i])
		translate([offset,0,0])
			cylinder(h=z, r=x/2, center=true);
			//cube(size = [x,y,z], center = true);
	}
}

// ============ name =============

// module module(P1=, P2=, P3=){ }

/* camera_trim By schlem
theschlem@gmail.com
01/02/14

This generates a radial pattern of negative spaces for
onamenting a trim ring designed to embelish the P6*6
3DPrinted Pinhole Camera -
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:157844

All measurements in mm

// ******** First Things ***********************

$fn=120;

// ******** Parameters *************************

id=51; // diam of outside perimeter to be indented
inset=1.2;	 // depth of indent in perimeter
height=8;	 // height of neg space
width=1.50;	 // width of each indent
count=45;	 // number of indentions in perimeter

span=id/2;
block_x=2*inset;

// I'm sure there is a better name for a concentric ring
// of columns, but I don't know what it is...
henge();

// ******** Top Level code *********************

module henge(x=block_x, y=width, z=height, offset=span)
{
echo (offset);
for ( i = [0 : count-1] )
{	 rotate([0,0,(360/count)*i])
translate([offset,0,z/2])
// cylinder(h=z, r=block_x/2, center=true);
cube(size = [x,y,z], center = true);
}
}
*/

```
test_rings.scad:
```
/* 		Calibration Rings By schlem
			theschlem@gmail.com
	 		02/02/14

Use these rings to measure reduction/increase of
inside/ outside diameters and test infill per-
centages on YOUR printer

*/

// ******** First Things ***********************

$fn=120;

// ******** Parameters *************************
// all units in mm
// creates two rings, 40mm outside diam / 36mm ID
//	and 20mm outside diam / 16mm ID
// Use the actual diamters to calculate the "fudge"
// variable in filter_holder.scad

OD1 = 40;	// big ring
ID1 = 36;

OD2 = 20; 	// little ring
ID2 = 16;

hgt = 3;		// height of rings

// ******** Top Level code *********************

ring(OD1,ID1,hgt);
ring(OD2,ID2,hgt);

// ******** Modules ****************************

// ============ name =============

module ring(od=25, id=22.5, ht=6)
{
	difference()
	{
		translate([0,0,ht/2])
		cylinder(r=od/2,h=ht, center=true);
		#cylinder(r=id/2,h=ht*3, center=true);
	}

}

```


[User]
Hey there! I'm looking to generate some 3D printable models of Menger sponges, and I'd like to be able to customize them pretty thoroughly. I was hoping you could help me design the necessary OpenSCAD files.

Essentially, I want to be able to specify the base cube size, the order (or level) of the sponge, and whether I want a full sponge with external supports or a diagonally cut version, or both.  If I choose "both", I want a version that has the diagonal cut face up *and* external support. Also, I need an option for an order 0 cube - just a plain cube, so I can print the set going from cube to fractal. The support structure should also intersect the cube by a configurable amount, so they don't separate.

Specifically, here's what I need:

*   **Base Cube Size:**  A parameter `side` that lets me define the length of one side of the base cube. This should be in millimeters, and I can choose whatever I want, like 45mm or 60mm.
*   **Order/Level:** A parameter `order` that controls the Menger sponge's iteration level.  This should be an integer, and should be able to go from 0 to 3 at least, where 0 is a plain cube, 1 is the first iteration, 2 is the second, and 3 is the third.
*   **Choice of Model:** A parameter `choice` that lets me select if I want a "cut" diagonally cut sponge, a full sponge with "support", or "both" (diagonal cut with support, cut side up).
*   **Intersection Depth:**  A parameter `tol` that lets me control the amount the support structure overlaps with the sponge. I'll need this to be greater than 0.

For the support structure, I'd like it to be a cylindrical base with three struts, much like in the example.

The code I'm looking for should not use any external libraries.

I think that covers everything, let me know if you need any clarification. I'm excited to see what you come up with!

[Assistant]
Menger_sponge_customizable2.scad:
```
// Menger sponge with diagonal cut or external support
//
// Bill Owens, February 2014
// released into the public domain
//
// version 2 - added "both" option for cut cube with support (cut side up) and
//              order==0 to print a cube (for a complete set)

// for Thingiverse Customizer

/* Global */

// Size of the basic cube
side = 45;

// Order/level of the Menger sponge
order = 3; // [0,1,2,3]

// Diagonally cut cube, or whole with external support?
choice = "both"; // [cut:Diagonal cut,support:External support,both:Diagonal cut facing up with support]

// Intersection depth between the support and the cube - cannot be zero
tol = 0.1;

/* Hidden */
long = side+5;  // long enough to cut through the cube
tside = side/3;	// second order cube (one Third)
nside = side/9;	// third order cube (one Ninth)
sside = side/27; // fourth order cube (one twenty-Seventh)
lift = side*sqrt(3)/2;	// half of the long diagonal

module ordertwo() {
	translate([0,tside,tside]) cube(size=[long,nside,nside], center=true);
	translate([0,0,tside]) cube(size=[long,nside,nside], center=true);
	translate([0,-tside,tside]) cube(size=[long,nside,nside], center=true);
	translate([0,tside,0]) cube(size=[long,nside,nside], center=true);
	translate([0,-tside,0]) cube(size=[long,nside,nside], center=true);
	translate([0,tside,-tside]) cube(size=[long,nside,nside], center=true);
	translate([0,0,-tside]) cube(size=[long,nside,nside], center=true);
	translate([0,-tside,-tside]) cube(size=[long,nside,nside], center=true);
}

module orderthree() {
	translate([0,tside,tside]) orderthreea();
	translate([0,0,tside]) orderthreea();
	translate([0,-tside,tside]) orderthreea();
	translate([0,tside,0]) orderthreea();
	translate([0,-tside,0]) orderthreea();
	translate([0,tside,-tside]) orderthreea();
	translate([0,0,-tside]) orderthreea();
	translate([0,-tside,-tside]) orderthreea();
}

module orderthreea() {
	translate([0,nside,nside]) cube(size=[long,sside,sside], center=true);
	translate([0,0,nside]) cube(size=[long,sside,sside], center=true);
	translate([0,-nside,nside]) cube(size=[long,sside,sside], center=true);
	translate([0,nside,0]) cube(size=[long,sside,sside], center=true);
	translate([0,-nside,0]) cube(size=[long,sside,sside], center=true);
	translate([0,nside,-nside]) cube(size=[long,sside,sside], center=true);
	translate([0,0,-nside]) cube(size=[long,sside,sside], center=true);
	translate([0,-nside,-nside]) cube(size=[long,sside,sside], center=true);
}

module mengersponge() {
	difference() {
		cube(side, center=true);
        if (order > 0) {
		cube(size=[tside,tside,long], center=true);	// order one cuts
		cube(size=[long,tside,tside], center=true);
		cube(size=[tside,long,tside], center=true);
		if (order > 1) {
			ordertwo();								// order two cuts
			rotate([0,90,0]) ordertwo();
			rotate([0,0,90]) ordertwo();
		}
		if (order > 2) {
			orderthree();							// order three cuts
			rotate([0,90,0]) orderthree();
			rotate([0,0,90]) orderthree();
		}
        }
	}
}

if(choice=="support") {
	union() {
		translate([0,0,lift-tol])
		rotate([45,90-atan(sqrt(2)),0])
		mengersponge();
		difference() {
			cylinder(r=side/2, h=side/2*.7-1);
			cylinder(r1=0, r2=side/2, h=side/2*.7);
			rotate([0,45,0]) translate([side/2*1.03,0,side/4]) cube(size=[side,4,side], center=true);
			rotate([0,45,120]) translate([side/2*1.03,0,side/4]) cube(size=[side,4,side], center=true);
			rotate([0,45,-120]) translate([side/2*1.03,0,side/4]) cube(size=[side,4,side], center=true);
		}
	}
} else if (choice=="cut") {
	difference() {
        rotate([45,90-atan(sqrt(2)),0])
		mengersponge();
        translate([0,0,-side/2]) cube(size=[side*2,side*2,side], center=true);
	}
} else if (choice=="both") {
    difference() {
	union() {
		translate([0,0,lift-tol])
		rotate([45,90-atan(sqrt(2)),0])
		mengersponge();
		difference() {
			cylinder(r=side/2, h=side/2*.7-1);
			cylinder(r1=0, r2=side/2, h=side/2*.7);
			rotate([0,45,0]) translate([side/2*1.03,0,side/4]) cube(size=[side,4,side], center=true);
			rotate([0,45,120]) translate([side/2*1.03,0,side/4]) cube(size=[side,4,side], center=true);
			rotate([0,45,-120]) translate([side/2*1.03,0,side/4]) cube(size=[side,4,side], center=true);
		}
	}
        translate([0,0,lift-tol+side/2]) cube(size=[side*2,side*2,side], center=true);
	}
}

```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to create a design for a heart that's been split by a wavy line, and I'd like it to be parametric. I'd like to be able to control the size of the heart, its thickness, how wide the cut is, and also the number of segments in the cut.  I think it would also be cool if the cut was not a single straight line cut but something wavy. I have a few ideas of how to generate a wavy line for this cut and I would like you to generate two different OpenSCAD files, one for each idea.

**First File (Random Walk):**

For the first file, I'd like the wavy line cut to be generated using a "random walk" type approach. So, it would start with an initial point and then each subsequent segment in the cut will move along the X axis by a fixed step. The Y axis would then be randomly displaced by some amount, up or down, but with the constraint that it cannot deviate from the X axis by a certain amount which should be a parameter. The randomness should also be a parameter.

Here's what I need:

*   **Heart shape:** A heart that is made from a square with two semicircles attached to two of the edges and circular cutouts.
*   **Parameters:**
    *   `Size`: The overall size of the heart (length of one side of the square).
    *   `Height`: The thickness/height of the heart.
    *   `N`: The number of segments in the cut.
    *   `Cut`: The width of the cut.
	*	`Hole`: The diameter of the two circular holes.
    *   `A`:  Corridor parameter that the cut is constrained to (e.g. cut can move up/down some multiple of `Step` where `Step` is `Size * sqrt(2) /N`).
    *   `B`: Amplitude of the random part of the path (e.g., the `y_step`).
*   **Cut Path:** Generate a path that starts at the origin and moves across the heart, incrementing along the x-axis by a fixed `Step` each time, but with the y coordinate being randomly displaced up or down within a limit. The y-displacement should reset if the limit is reached and the displacement should be random in range given by `B`.
*   **Cut operation:** Use `path_open` function to hull cylinders along this path to make the cut and this should then be used to make a difference to the 3D heart shape.
*   **Rotation:** The cut should be rotated 45 degrees.

**Second File (Fourier Series):**

For the second file, I'd like the cut to be a curve that's generated using a Fourier series. This will give the cut a more organic, wavy kind of feel.

Here's what I need for that file:

*   **Heart shape:** Same heart shape as in the first file.
*   **Parameters:**
    *   `Size`: The overall size of the heart.
    *   `Height`: The thickness/height of the heart.
    *   `N`: The number of segments in the cut.
    *   `Cut`: The width of the cut.
	*   `Hole`: The diameter of the two circular holes.
*   **Cut Path:** The path should be generated using a Fourier series. So, the x-coordinate should be at regular intervals along the heart. The y-coordinate should be calculated using a function `f(t)` that is a combination of sine waves with random coefficients.  The random coefficients are also parameters. The function should return a list of (x,y,z) points for the cut path.
*   **Cut operation:**  Same as the first file,  use `path_open` to generate the cut.
*   **Rotation:** Same as the first file, the cut should be rotated 45 degrees.

I'd like to be able to easily adjust all these parameters. I'd prefer it if you don't use any external libraries if possible. Also, I need the code to work with the development version of OpenSCAD (that is, it should be able to handle using `concat`).

Can you help me with this?

[Assistant]
heart-split.scad:
```
//Size of Heart shape  - long edge
Size=25;
//Height of Heart
Height= 5;
// N - segments in cut
N = 12;
//Cut width
Cut = 0.5;
//Hole size
Hole=2;

module heart(size,height,hole) {
  linear_extrude(height = height) {
     square(size);
     translate([size/2,size,0])
       difference() {
             circle(size/2);
             translate([0,size*0.3,0]) circle(hole);       }
     translate([size,size/2,0])
        difference() {
             circle(size/2);
             translate([size*0.3,0,0]) circle(hole);
        }
  }
}

module path_open(height,width,path) {
    for (t = [0: len(path)-2 ])
          hull() {
            translate(path[t]) cylinder(h=height, r=width/2,center=true);
            translate(path[t + 1]) cylinder(h=height, r=width/2,center=true);
          }
};

function y_step(current_y, limit, amplitude) =
     current_y > limit
       ?  - rands(0,amplitude,1)[0]
       :  current_y < - limit
           ?  rands(0,amplitude,1)[0]
           :  rands(-amplitude, amplitude,1)[0]
;

function path(n, point, step, limit, amplitude) =
     n == 0
       ? [[point[0],0,0]]
       : concat([point],
            path(n-1,
                 point + [step, y_step(point[1], limit, amplitude),0 ],
                 step,limit,amplitude)
         )
;

$fn=40;
Step = Size * sqrt(2) /N;

// cut shape controls
A = 1.5;  // corridor
B = 1.5;  // Amplitude
limit = Step * A;
amplitude = Step * B;

//echo (Step, limit, amplitude);
cut_path = concat([[0,0,0]],path(N-1,[Step,0,0], Step, limit, amplitude));

// echo(cut_path);
difference() {
    heart(Size,Height,Hole);
    translate ([0,0,Height/2])
       rotate([0,0,45])
         path_open(Height,Cut,cut_path);
}

```
heart-split-sins.scad:
```
//Size of Heart shape  - long edge
Size=25;
//Height of Heart
Height= 5;
// N - segments in cut
N = 12;
//Cut width
Cut = 0.4;
//Hole size
Hole=2;

module heart(size,height,hole) {
  linear_extrude(height = height) {
     square(size);
     translate([size/2,size,0])
       difference() {
             circle(size/2,$fn=50);
             translate([0,size*0.3,0]) circle(hole,$fn=50);       }
     translate([size,size/2,0])
        difference() {
             circle(size/2,$fn=50);
             translate([size*0.3,0,0]) circle(hole,$fn=50);
        }
  }
}

module path_open(height,width,path) {
    for (t = [0: len(path)-2 ])
          hull() {
            translate(path[t]) cylinder(h=height, r=width/2,center=true,$fn=4);
            translate(path[t + 1]) cylinder(h=height, r=width/2,center=true,$fn=4);
          }
};

/*
function y_step(current_y, limit, amplitude) =
     current_y > limit
       ?  - rands(0,amplitude,1)[0]
       :  current_y < - limit
           ?  rands(0,amplitude,1)[0]
           :  rands(-amplitude, amplitude,1)[0]
;

function path(n, point, step, limit, amplitude) =
     n == 0
       ? [[point[0],0,0]]
       : concat([point],
            path(n-1,
                 point + [step, y_step(point[1], limit, amplitude),0 ],
                 step,limit,amplitude)
         )
;
*/

function path(n,t=0) =
     t < n
       ? concat( [[t * Step  ,f(t),0]],
                 path(n,t+1)
          )
       : []
;

Step = Size * sqrt(2)/N;
function coefficients(n,a) =
      n == 0
         ? []
         : concat(rands(-a,a,1)[0],coefficients(n-1,a));

c=coefficients(7,4);
echo(c);

function f(t) =
   sin(t/2)*( c[0]* sin(t) + c[1] * sin(2*t)+ c[2]*sin(3*t) +c[3] * sin(4*t)+
              c[4]* sin(5*t) + c[5]* sin(7*t) + c[6]*sin(8*t)) ;

N= 181;
cut_path = path(N);

echo(cut_path);
// path_open(Height,Cut,cut_path);

difference() {
    heart(Size,Height,Hole);
    translate ([0,0,Height/2])
       rotate([0,0,45])
         path_open(Height,Cut,cut_path);
}

```
heart-split-sins.scad:
```
//Size of Heart shape  - long edge
Size=25;
//Height of Heart
Height= 5;
//Cut width
Cut = 0.4;
//Hole size
Hole=2;

module heart(size,height,hole) {
  linear_extrude(height = height) {
     square(size);
     translate([size/2,size,0])
       difference() {
             circle(size/2,$fn=50);
             translate([0,size*0.3,0]) circle(hole,$fn=50);       }
     translate([size,size/2,0])
        difference() {
             circle(size/2,$fn=50);
             translate([size*0.3,0,0]) circle(hole,$fn=50);
        }
  }
}

module path_open(height,width,path) {
    for (t = [0: len(path)-2 ])
          hull() {
            translate(path[t]) cylinder(h=height, r=width/2,center=true,$fn=4);
            translate(path[t + 1]) cylinder(h=height, r=width/2,center=true,$fn=4);
          }
};

function path(n,step,c,t=0) =
     t < n
       ? concat( [[t * step, f(t,c),0]],
                 path(n,step, c, t+1)
          )
       : []
;

function coefficients(n,a) =
      n == 0
         ? []
         : concat(rands(-a,a,1)[0],coefficients(n-1,a));

function f(t,c) =
   sin(t/2)*( c[0]* sin(t) + c[1] * sin(2*t)+ c[2]*sin(3*t) +c[3] * sin(4*t)+
              c[4]* sin(5*t) + c[5]* sin(7*t) + c[6]*sin(8*t)) ;

N= 181;
Step = Size * sqrt(2)/N;
c=coefficients(7,Size/6);
echo(c);

cut_path = path(N,Step,c);

echo(cut_path);
// path_open(Height,Cut,cut_path);

difference() {
    heart(Size,Height,Hole);
    translate ([0,0,Height/2])
       rotate([0,0,45])
         path_open(Height,Cut,cut_path);
}

```