[User]
Okay, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a pen holder, but something a bit more interesting than just a cylinder with holes. I've been playing around with hyperboloids and thought it would be neat to make a pen holder with that kind of shape, where the pen slots follow the curves.

Essentially, I want a pen holder that looks like a hyperboloid, with the pens inserted into slots that follow that curved shape, so the pens are angled both inwards and slightly outwards and follow the curve on the sides. I'd like to be able to control the following parameters:

*   **Number of pens:** obviously I need to be able to control how many pens it will hold, let's call this `num`.
*   **Pen Diameter:**  The diameter of the pens, in 1/10th of a mm, let's call this `pen_dia`.  I want to use this value in my math but also be able to output the actual pen radius in mm.
*   **Pen Rotation (Radial Axis):**  An angle (in degrees) that controls how much the pens are rotated inwards towards the center of the holder. Let's call this `a1`.
*   **Pen Rotation (Tangential Axis):** An angle (in degrees) that controls how much the pens are angled with the hyperboloid, let's call this `a2`.
*   **Pen Length:** Just for display purposes, it'd be nice to have the pens rendered, so a parameter to define the length, let's call it `pen_length`.
*   **Show Pens:** A boolean flag (`yes` or `no`) to control the visibility of the pens for previewing vs. outputting the model. Let's call it `show_pens`.
*   **Space Between Pens:**  The spacing in mm between the pens. I'd call it `spacing`.
*   **Height:** The total height of the pen holder, let's use the variable `height`
*    **Outer Bevel:** A bevel on the top and bottom of the object on the *outside*, measured in mm, let's call this `bevel`
*    **Outer Radius Offset:** The outer radius of the hyperboloid at the central height, *before* the bevel is added (in mm) let's use `outer`.
*    **Inner Radius Offset:** The offset from the calculated radius for the inner (hollow) cylinder that removes material (in mm). Let's use `inner`.

I would want the code to calculate the base radius using the number of pens, the pen diameter, the pen rotation, and spacing using the formula: `radius=(spacing+pen_diam/cos(a1))*num/3.1416/2`. I'll also need to calculate an offset from this, so that the pens will be rotated correctly: `r_offset = height/2*tan(a2)`. The radii of the main part should then be able to be calculated using these values, using `r_grip = radius + outer;` and `r_inner = radius - inner;`

The general shape should be a hyperboloid, with the outer diameter having the bevel on top and bottom, and the inner diameter being constant cylinder, so as to leave material for the pen slots.

I'd also like to be able to see the pens, for visualisation purposes, so there should be an option to show the pens placed into the holes. I don't need this when outputting the STL file though.

I don't need any specific libraries, just base OpenSCAD.

Here's a copy of my current code, just in case it's helpful. It's working okay but not really as clean as I would like it and I feel like my methodology might not be completely right.

```openscad
// Number of pens
num=30; // [1:100]

// Diameter of each pen in 1/10 mm
pen_dia=95; // [50:150]
pen_diam = pen_dia/10;

// Pen rotation (radial axis)
a1 = 30; // [-45:45]

// Pen rotation (tangential axis)
a2 = -15; // [-45:45]

// Length of each pen (only for display)
pen_length = 155; // [50:200]

// Remember to change to "no" before exporting.
show_pens = "yes"; // [yes, no]

// Space between pens in mm.
spacing = 3; // [0:10]

// Height in mm.
height = 20; // [4:30]

// Outer bevel in mm.
bevel = 4; // [0:20]

// Outer radius offset in mm.
outer = 4; // [0:20]

// Inner radius offset in mm.
inner = 9; // [0:20]

// Calculate size of the pen holder
radius=(spacing+pen_diam/cos(a1))*num/3.1416/2;
r_offset = height/2*tan(a2);
r_grip = radius + outer;
r_inner = radius - inner;

$fs=1*1;
$fa=2*1;
da = 360/num;

module pen(n, r, offset)
{
	rotate([0,0, n*da])
		translate([r,0,height/2])
			rotate([a1,a2,0])
				translate([0,0,offset])
					cylinder(h=pen_length, r=pen_diam/2);
}

union()
{
	difference()
	{
		color([0.9,0.8,0])
		difference() {
			union() {
				cylinder(r1=r_grip-r_offset-bevel, r2=r_grip-r_offset/2, h=height/4);
				translate([0,0,height/4]) cylinder(r1=r_grip-r_offset/2, r2=r_grip+r_offset/2, h=height/2);
				translate([0,0,3*height/4]) cylinder(r1=r_grip+r_offset/2, r2=r_grip+r_offset-bevel, h=height/4);
			}
			// Remove this to get a solid shape.
			translate([0,0,-0.1]) cylinder(r1=r_inner-r_offset, r2=r_inner+r_offset, h=height+0.2);
		}
		for(n=[1:num])
		{
			pen(n=n, r=radius, offset = -pen_length/2);
		}
	}
	if(show_pens == "yes")
	{
		for(n=[1:num])
		{
			color([sin(n*da/2)*sin(n*da/2),0,cos(n*da/2)*cos(n*da/2)])
				pen(n=n, r=radius, offset = -height/2);
		}
	}
}
```

Thanks for any help you can provide!

[Assistant]
pens.scad:
```
// Number of pens
num=30; // [1:100]

// Diameter of each pen in 1/10 mm
pen_dia=95; // [50:150]
pen_diam = pen_dia/10;

// Pen rotation (radial axis)
a1 = 30; // [-45:45]

// Pen rotation (tangential axis)
a2 = -15; // [-45:45]

// Length of each pen (only for display)
pen_length = 155; // [50:200]

// Remember to change to "no" before exporting.
show_pens = "yes"; // [yes, no]

// Space between pens in mm.
spacing = 3; // [0:10]

// Height in mm.
height = 20; // [4:30]

// Outer bevel in mm.
bevel = 4; // [0:20]

// Outer radius offset in mm.
outer = 4; // [0:20]

// Inner radius offset in mm.
inner = 9; // [0:20]

// Calculate size of the pen holder
radius=(spacing+pen_diam/cos(a1))*num/3.1416/2;
r_offset = height/2*tan(a2);
r_grip = radius + outer;
r_inner = radius - inner;

$fs=1*1;
$fa=2*1;
da = 360/num;

module pen(n, r, offset)
{
	rotate([0,0, n*da])
		translate([r,0,height/2])
			rotate([a1,a2,0])
				translate([0,0,offset])
					cylinder(h=pen_length, r=pen_diam/2);
}

union()
{
	difference()
	{
		color([0.9,0.8,0])
		difference() {
			union() {
				cylinder(r1=r_grip-r_offset-bevel, r2=r_grip-r_offset/2, h=height/4);
				translate([0,0,height/4]) cylinder(r1=r_grip-r_offset/2, r2=r_grip+r_offset/2, h=height/2);
				translate([0,0,3*height/4]) cylinder(r1=r_grip+r_offset/2, r2=r_grip+r_offset-bevel, h=height/4);
			}
			// Remove this to get a solid shape.
			translate([0,0,-0.1]) cylinder(r1=r_inner-r_offset, r2=r_inner+r_offset, h=height+0.2);
		}
		for(n=[1:num])
		{
			pen(n=n, r=radius, offset = -pen_length/2);
		}
	}
	if(show_pens == "yes")
	{
		for(n=[1:num])
		{
			color([sin(n*da/2)*sin(n*da/2),0,cos(n*da/2)*cos(n*da/2)])
				pen(n=n, r=radius, offset = -height/2);
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to request an OpenSCAD design for a tray, similar to the 'round_trays_v1-1.scad' file I found, but I need some significant improvements, especially around customization and a few extra features.

The current design has a basic rounded tray shape, created by subtracting a smaller rounded cylinder from a larger one. It uses `torus()` and `roundedCylinder()` modules, which I like. It's also got a good base set of parameters: diameter, height, rounding radius, sidewall thickness, and bottom thickness.

Here's what I'd like to see in the improved parametric design:

1.  **Parametric Shape Options**: Instead of *just* a round tray, I want to be able to choose from a few different shapes for the base. I'd like options for:
    *   **Round** (as in the original design)
    *   **Square** with rounded corners, where I can specify the corner radius.
    *  **Hexagonal** (regular hexagon) with rounded corners. I'd also want control of the corner radius.

2.  **Internal Dividers:** I want the option to add internal dividers that radiate from the center of the tray, creating pie-slice-shaped compartments. I should be able to specify:
    *  The number of dividers
    *  The thickness of the dividers
    *  Optionally, the depth of the dividers (if they aren't to reach the bottom of the tray). This should default to the tray bottom depth.

3.  **Stackable Feature:**  I want the option to create a small lip on the top edge of the tray, so the trays can be stacked on top of each other without slipping, effectively creating a stackable set. I need to specify:
     * The lip height.
     * The lip width (how much it extends inward from the edge).

4.  **Mounting Features:** This is a bit more advanced, but ideally, I’d like the option to add a set of mounting holes to the base of the tray. The number, size, and position of the holes should be configurable, perhaps using a radius and an offset angle for each hole (or more intuitively a way to specify evenly spaced holes). Perhaps 3 or 4 mounting holes would be good defaults.

5.  **Improved Bottom Fillet**: I'd like to refine the bottom fillet a bit. The original design essentially uses a torus, but I'd like to see if we can make this a more gradual rounding. If there's an easy way to add a more sophisticated shape with a `hull()` command (or similar) to give a more smooth and natural curve, that would be great. This should also be optional and revert to the torus method as it is by default.

6.  **Use of Libraries**: If this can be done efficiently using an existing OpenSCAD library, I'm open to it. Libraries like BOSL or BOSL2 seem like they might have relevant functions for things like the rounded corners of the square and hex shapes, or other complex geometry. We should try and avoid using very old libraries and instead try and use BOSL or BOSL2 first if they make sense here. I'm not asking for specific files in the library to be attached but rather that the code to use the libraries is correctly written.

7.  **Clear Comments:** Please add plenty of comments so it's easy to understand how the code works and how I can modify it.

Essentially, I want a much more versatile and feature-rich version of this tray design. Let me know if you need any more details!

[Assistant]
round_trays_v1-1.scad:
```

// This file was created to make small trays for storing screws and other small objects
// but the parameters can be adjusted to create bowls, cups, trays, etc.
// added comments for the makerbot customizer

// diameter of the tray in mm (including the sides)
trayDiameter = 48; // [0:300]

// height of the tray in mm (including bottom)
trayHeight = 15; // [0:300]

// radius of rounding of the bottom in mm (should be larger than the sidewall thickness)
trayRounding = 4; // [0:150]

// thickness of the vertical walls in mm
traySidewall = 0.8;

// thickness of the bottom in mm
trayBottom = 1.6;

// resolution used to render curved surfaces (experiment with low resolutions, and render the final results with higher resolution settings)
resolution = 60; // [30:Low (12 degrees), 60:Medium (6 degrees), 120:High (3 degrees)]

// ignore
$fn = resolution;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

module torus(r1, r2) {
	rotate_extrude(convexity = 4)
	translate([r1, 0, 0])
	circle(r = r2);
}

module roundedCylinder(height, radius, fillet)
{
	hull() {
		translate([0, 0, height/2-fillet])
		torus(r1 = radius-fillet, r2 = fillet);
		translate([0, 0, -(height/2-fillet)])
		torus(r1 = radius-fillet, r2 = fillet);
	}
}

module roundTray(diameter, height, rounding, sidewall, bottom)
{
	radius = diameter/2;
	translate([0, 0, height])
	difference() {
		roundedCylinder(height*2, radius, rounding);
		roundedCylinder((height - bottom)*2, radius-sidewall, rounding - sidewall);
		cylinder(h=height*2, r=radius+1, center=false);
	}
}

roundTray(trayDiameter,trayHeight,trayRounding,traySidewall,trayBottom);
```


[User]
Okay, I'm trying to create a custom ring with a message on it using OpenSCAD. I found a great example online that uses the `write/Write.scad` library, and I'd like to adapt it to make my own ring design more flexible.

Here's what I'm looking for:

**Core Functionality:**

*   I need a ring with a circular cross-section.
*   The ring should have a customizable message engraved (or rather, cut out) on its outer surface, using the `writecylinder` function from the `write/Write.scad` library.
*   The design should allow me to choose from different fonts available within the library (like "Letters.dxf", "orbitron.dxf", and "BlackRose.dxf").

**Customizable Parameters:**

*   **Message:**  A text string (limited to 26 characters, like in the example I found) that will be engraved on the ring.
*   **Font:**  A selection from the font options within the `write/Write.scad` library.  I should be able to easily switch between "Letters.dxf", "orbitron.dxf", and "BlackRose.dxf" (or add others if the library has them).
*   **Font Size:**  The size of the text characters. I'd like a range, maybe something like 10 to 20, so I can adjust the message's size on the ring.
*  **Font Spacing:** I would like to adjust the space between the letters (positive and negative values).
*   **Ring Thickness:** The thickness of the ring's wall (the difference between the inner and outer radius). It would be cool to have some presets like "Thin," "Normal," and "Thick", which correspond to 0.8mm, 1.6mm, and 2.4mm, or that I could define manually as a numeric variable.
*   **Ring Width:**  The height of the ring (the distance along the Z-axis). I was thinking of a range of 6-12 mm, or a numeric variable.
*   **Ring Size:** The inner diameter of the ring, which will be based on US ring sizes. I need a comprehensive list of US ring sizes like the example I found, with associated inner diameter values. This will let me specify the size of the ring using standard US sizes, rather than diameter directly.

**Specific Requests for the OpenSCAD code:**

1.  **Parametric Design:**  All the above parameters should be easily adjustable at the beginning of the file using variables, like how the example `message_ring_customizer.scad` does.
2.  **Use of `write/Write.scad`:**  The code needs to correctly use the `writecylinder` function from the `write/Write.scad` library to generate the text engraving.
3.  **Ring Sizing:** It would be best if you could implement the ring sizes using a look-up table or some other easy-to-use method so that I don't have to manually look up each ring size diameter. If you use a module or a function, please explain how to add more sizes or adjust the default list.
4.  **Clean Code:** Please make the code reasonably well-commented and readable.

Essentially, I want a fully customizable ring generator that's easy to use. Can you help me create a parametric OpenSCAD file based on the example I provided, incorporating these enhancements?

[Assistant]
message_ring_customizer.scad:
```
include <write/Write.scad>

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

//(max 26 characters)
message = "i <3 MakerBot";

Font = "write/Letters.dxf";//["write/Letters.dxf":Basic,"write/orbitron.dxf":Futuristic,"write/BlackRose.dxf":Fancy]

font_size = 10;//[10:20]

font_spacing = 0; //[-100:100]

ring_thickness = 1.6;//[0.8:Thin,1.6:Normal,2.4:Thick]

ring_width = 6;//[6:12]

//(US Ring Sizes)
ring_size = 18.14;//[11.63:0,11.84:0.25,12.04:0.5,12.24:0.75,12.45:1,12.65:1.25,12.85:1.5,13.06:1.75,13.26:2,13.46:2.25,13.67:2.5,13.87:2.75,14.07:3,14.27:3.25,14.48:3.5,14.68:3.75,14.88:4,15.09:4.25,15.29:4.5,15.49:4.75,2215.9:5.25,16.1:5.5,16.31:5.75,16.51:6,16.71:6.25,16.92:6.5,17.12:6.75,17.32:7,17.53:7.25,17.73:7.5,17.93:7.75,18.14:8,18.34:8.25,18.54:8.5,18.75:8.75,18.95:9,19.15:9.25,19.35:9.5,19.56:9.75,19.76:10,19.96:10.25,20.17:10.5,20.37:10.75,20.57:11,20.78:11.25,20.98:11.5,21.18:11.75,21.39:12,21.59:12.25,21.79:12.5,22:12.75,22.2:13,22.4:13.25,22.61:13.5,22.81:13.75,23.01:14,23.22:14.25,23.42:14.5,23.62:14.75,23.83:15,24.03:15.25,24.23:15.5,24.43:15.75,24.64:16]

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES END

inner_diameter = ring_size;
inner_radius = inner_diameter/2;
font_scale = font_size/10;
spacing_factor = font_spacing/100;

translate([0,0,ring_width/2])
ring();

module ring() {

	if(ring_thickness == .8){
		difference(){

			difference(){

				translate([0,0,0])
					cylinder(r=inner_radius+ring_thickness,h=ring_width,$fn = 100,center = true);
				scale(font_scale)
				writecylinder(message,[0,0,0],((inner_radius+ring_thickness)/font_scale)+.1,ring_width,space=1.05+spacing_factor,rotate=0,up=.5,center = true,font = Font);

			}

			cylinder(r=inner_radius,h=ring_width+1,$fn = 100,center = true);
		}
	}
	else{
		difference(){

			difference(){

				translate([0,0,0])
					cylinder(r=inner_radius+ring_thickness,h=ring_width,$fn = 100,center = true);
				scale(font_scale)
				writecylinder(message,[0,0,0],(inner_radius+ring_thickness)/font_scale*1.01,ring_width,space=1.05+spacing_factor,rotate=0,up=.5,center = true,font = Font);

			}

			cylinder(r=inner_radius,h=ring_width+1,$fn = 100,center = true);
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to request a parametric OpenSCAD design for generating snowflakes, similar to the one I found on Thingiverse, but I want to be able to customize a few more things.

The basic idea is to have a central point from which six radial arms extend. Then, recursively, more arms branch out from the ends of those arms, for a variable number of layers. I also want the option to include hexagons at various locations within the structure.

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I'd like control over:

*   **Seed:** A number that initializes the random generation. Changing this seed should create different snowflakes.
*   **Hexagon Presence:** A boolean (or similar) for each layer of the snowflake, controlling whether a hexagon should appear at the end of each arm.
*   **Hexagon Solidity:**  A boolean (or similar) for each layer of the snowflake, controlling whether the hexagon should be a solid shape, or a hollow one.
*   **Inner Hexagon Presence:** A boolean (or similar) for each layer of the snowflake, controlling whether a smaller hexagon should appear inside of each larger hexagon, if it exists.
*   **Arm Length:** The length of the arm segments for each layer, configurable for each layer.
*   **Arm Width:** The width of the arm segments for each layer, configurable for each layer.
*   **Arm Angle:** The angle at which the next layer of arms branches out, also configurable per layer.
*   **Depth:**  The number of layers (or levels) of recursion for the arms.
*   **Overall Height:** A scalar value that determines the overall height of the 3D snowflake.
*   **Layer Height Scaling:** A scalar to scale the height for each subsequent layer.

I'd like to use the `rands()` function for the random parameter generation similar to the linked project and would be very helpful if your code was well documented with comments. Also, I don't need any libraries to be included, this can all be done using native OpenSCAD features.

Ideally, this would be a single `.scad` file that generates the whole snowflake. The snowflake should be created with simple cubes to represent the arms, and simple hexagons.

[Assistant]
snowflake.scad:
```
// Parametric Snowflakes
// (c) 2012 Laird Popkin

// Randomly generate snowflakes. The basic approach is to draw six
// radial arms out from the center, then recursively draw arms out from
// the ands of the first arms, and so on. For a random number of
// layers of recursion. Also, randomly draw hexagons.

// Arrays of parameters. Foo[0] is center, [1] is first layer out, [2] is
// second layer, etc.

// Snowflake number
seed=1; //Enter a number
echo(str("Seed ",seed));

seeds=rands(0,1000000,7,seed);
echo(str("Seeds ",seeds));

hex = rands(0,1,6,seeds[0]);			// Should this layer have hexagons? >0.5 = yes.
echo("hex ",hex);
hsolid = rands(0,1,6,seeds[1]);		// should hexagons be solid? >0.5 = yes.
echo("hex solid ",hsolid);
hhex = rands(0,1,6,seeds[2]);			// Should there be an inner hexagon? >0.5 = yes.
echo("hhex ",hhex);
length = rands(5,20,6,seeds[3]);		// length of lines for this layer
echo("length ",length);
width = rands(0.2,2,6,seeds[4]);		// width of lines for this layer
echo("width ",width);
angle = rands(60,120,6,seeds[5]);	// angle for arms for next layer
echo("angle ",angle);

depth = rands(1,4,1,,seeds[6])[0];	// number of layers to draw.
echo("depth ",depth);

scaleh=0.8 * 1;						// each layer is 0.9x previous layer height
// Height
height0=2 * 1;						// height of snowflake in mm
height=[height0,height0*scaleh,height0*pow(scaleh,2), height0*pow(scaleh,3), height0*pow(scaleh,4), height0*pow(scaleh,5), height0*pow(scaleh,6)];
//echo("height ",height);

if (hex[0]) drawhex(length[1], height[1], hsolid[1]);

for (angle1 = [0 : 60 : 359]) {	// then six radial arms
	rotate(angle1)arm();
	}

module arm() {
	translate ([0,-width[1]/2,0]) {
		cube([length[1],width[1],height[1]]);
		translate ([length[1],width[1]/2,0]) {
			if (hex[1]>.5) drawhex(length[2], height[2], hsolid[2]);
			if (hhex[1]>.5) drawhex(length[2]/2, height[2], hsolid[2]);
			if (depth>1) {
				rotate(-angle[1]) arm2();
				arm2();
				rotate(angle[1]) arm2();
				}
			}
		}
	}

module arm2() {
	translate ([0,-width[2]/2,0]) {
		cube([length[2],width[2],height[2]]);
		translate ([length[2],width[2]/2,0]) {
			if (hex[2]>.5) drawhex(length[3], height[3], hsolid[3]);
			if (hhex[2]>.5) drawhex(length[3]/2, height[3], hsolid[3]);
			if (depth>2) {
				rotate(-angle[2]) arm3();
				arm3();
				rotate(angle[2]) arm3();
				}
			}
		}
	}

module arm3() {
	translate ([0,-width[3]/2,0]) {
		cube([length[3],width[3],height[3]]);
		translate ([length[3],width[3]/2,0]) {
			if (hex[3]>.5) drawhex(length[4], height[4], hsolid[4]);
			if (hhex[3]>.5) drawhex(length[4]/2, height[4], hsolid[4]);
			if (depth>3) {
				rotate(-angle[3]) arm4();
				arm4();
				rotate(angle[3]) arm4();
				}
			}
		}
	}

module arm4() {
	translate ([0,-width[4]/2,0]) {
		cube([length[4],width[4],height[4]]);
		translate ([length[4],width[4]/2,0]) {
			if (hex[4]>.5) drawhex(length[5], height[5]);
			if (hhex[4]>.5) drawhex(length[5]/2, height[5]);
			}
		}
	}

module drawhex(size, height, s) {
	translate([0,0,height/2]) difference() {
		hexagon(size, height);
		if (s>0.5) translate([0,0,-0.5]) hexagon(size-height, height+1);
		}
	}

// size is the XY plane size, height in Z
module hexagon(size, height) {
	boxWidth = size/1.75;
	for (r = [-60, 0, 60]) rotate([0,0,r])
		cube([boxWidth, size, height], true);
	}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a customizable cup or vase, similar to the one I saw on Thingiverse, but I'd like a few more options and flexibility.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

**Core Shape:**

*   I want to start with a basic cylinder, but also have an option to use a regular polygon for the base and top cross-section.
*   The user should be able to specify the number of sides for the polygon option, or just use a circle by setting the number of sides to something high, or maybe an explicit "circle" toggle.

**Dimensions:**

*   **Outer Radius (or Polygon Radius):** User-definable. This would be the radius of the cylinder, or the circumradius of the polygon.
*   **Height:** User-definable.
*   **Wall Thickness:** User-definable, allowing for both thin and thick walls. Should also allow for a negative wall thickness (as the example did).
*   **Bottom Thickness:** User-definable, also allowing negative values to make it a hollow cylinder/polygon instead of a cup with a solid bottom.

**Advanced Features:**

*   **Tapering:** I'd like an option to taper the cup, so the radius (or polygon size) is different at the top than at the base. This should be controlled by a separate parameter for the top radius or top polygon size. If no top radius/polygon size is provided, the top and base should have the same cross-section.
*   **Wall Texture:** I'm interested in having an option to add a simple texture to the outside wall. Perhaps an option to add a series of vertical grooves or ridges, or a simple repeating pattern. I think this can be a toggle with a height, width, and depth parameter for the texture.
*   **Smoothing:** Allow an option to "smooth" the edges of the wall texture features by adding fillets to the vertical edges of the grooves or ridges.
*   **Handles:** I'd like the option to add handles. I think a simple, rounded handle would be a good starting point. The handle should have adjustable parameters for size and placement, as well as a count parameter in case someone wants two handles.

**Output:**

*   The OpenSCAD code should be well-commented and easy to understand.
*   The code should have sensible default values.
*   It should make use of the BOSL2 library if that would make the code more concise and readable.

I think that should cover all the things I'd like to be able to adjust. I'm looking forward to seeing what you can come up with.

[Assistant]
simple_parametric_cup_or_vase.scad:
```
// Simple Customizable Cup.

// By Donald E. King, 1/8/2013

// Written primarily to check out the Thingiverse.com Customizer feature.

// resolution of circles, cylinders and spheres
1_res = 5;  // [120, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]

// outside radius of cup
radius_1 = 30;

// height of cup
height_1 = 30;

// wall thickness (negative values produce a disc wthout walls)
t_wall = 1; //  [0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, -1]

// bottom thickness (negative values produce a hollow cylinder)
t_bottom = 2;  //  [0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, -1]

difference()
{

translate([0, 0, height_1/2])
cylinder(r = radius_1, h = height_1, center = true, $fn = 1_res);

translate([0, 0, t_bottom + 2*height_1/2])
cylinder(r = radius_1-t_wall, h = 2*height_1, center = true, $fn = 1_res);

}

```


[User]
Okay, I need a custom container designed to hold and protect my dentures. I'd like it to be a two-part box, with a base and a lid, and I want to be able to adjust the dimensions easily based on my specific denture measurements.

Here's what I'm envisioning:

*   **Two-Part Design:** The design should consist of a base cup that the dentures sit in and a top cover that fits snugly over the base.
*   **Parametric Design:** I need the design to be fully parametric, controlled by variables for things like the width, height, and length of the dentures, as well as wall thickness and a little bit of a gap between the top and bottom for a good fit.
*   **Denture Measurements:** I've identified the key measurements I'll be taking, and the OpenSCAD script should have variables for each:
    *   `width`: The width of the dentures including gums at the widest point (molar to molar).
    *   `height`: The vertical height of the dentures, measured with them placed on a table, including the gums at the top.
    *   `length`: The length of the dentures, including gums, measured in the direction food goes down.
    *   `curve`: The distance from the very front of the dentures to the canine teeth along the length.
    *   `wall_thickness`: The thickness of the box walls.
    *   `Top_Smudge_Factor`: A small gap added between the top and bottom for a good fit (a small amount).

*   **Finger Holes/Grips:** I'd like there to be some small holes or grips on the sides of the top cover to make it easier to remove. A small cylindrical finger hole on either side of the top should be fine.

*   **Units:** All measurements should be in millimeters.
*   **Output:** I would like to be able to select which part of the design to generate, i.e. just the top cover, just the base, or both. This should be controlled by a single variable.

I'd prefer a fairly simple, clean design – no need for fancy curves or decorations. Functionality and parametric control are the most important things.  I'm comfortable with fairly low tolerances, and do not need any extra features such as threading or living hinges.

Please use OpenSCAD to create this parametric model. I don't need any other libraries to be included.

[Assistant]
TeethHolder_v2.scad:
```
//all measurements are in mm unless stated otherwise
//base cup,  top cover, and both
1_part="both";				// [top,bottom,both]
//width in mm of dentures including gums at widest point,molar to molar
2_width=71;
//it might help to place dentures on a table and use a flat object to find the very top
3_height=23.5;
//measure in the direction food goes down, include gums
4_length=56;
//distance from the very front to the canine teeth in the length axis only
5_curve=30;
//thickness of the denture box's walls, 1.5mm works well
6_wall_thickness=1.5;
//gap to allow the top part to fit the bottom, in 0.01mm intervals, currently =
7_Top_Smudge_Factor=5;		// [0:20]

width=2_width+1-1;
height=3_height+1-1;
length=4_length+1-1;
curve=5_curve+1-1;
wallthickness=6_wall_thickness+1-1;

//calculations
lc=length-curve;
cyl=width/2;
curcyl=curve/cyl;
fingz=height/2;
fingw=fingz/2;
fingh=width+2+wallthickness*4;
$fn = 164 + 1;
TopSmugeFactor=7_Top_Smudge_Factor/100;

if( 1_part == "top" ){
	top();
}else {
if( 1_part == "bottom" ){
	bottom();
}else {
	translate([-(length+wallthickness*6)/2,0,0])top();
	translate([(length+wallthickness*6)/2,0,0])bottom();
}}

module top(){
	translate([-(length+wallthickness*4+TopSmugeFactor)/2,-(width+wallthickness*4+TopSmugeFactor)/2,0])difference(){
		basic(0,4,TopSmugeFactor,fingz);														//outside
		translate([wallthickness,wallthickness,wallthickness])basic(2,2,TopSmugeFactor,fingz);	//inside
		translate([length/2,-1,fingz])rotate([-90,0,0])scale([1.5,1,1])cylinder(fingh,fingw,fingw);		//finger holes
	}
}

module bottom(){
	translate([-(length+wallthickness*2)/2,-(width+wallthickness*2)/2,0])difference(){
		basic(0,2);																			//outside
		translate([wallthickness,wallthickness,wallthickness])basic(2);							//inside
	}
}

module basic(plus=0,thick=0,fuge=0,th=height){
	xw1=(length+wallthickness*thick+fuge)/length;
	yw1=(width+wallthickness*thick+fuge)/width;
	zw1=th+wallthickness+plus;
	scale([xw1,yw1,1]){
		cube([lc,width,zw1]);
		difference(){
			translate([lc,cyl,0])scale([curcyl,1,1])cylinder(zw1,cyl,cyl);
			translate([-curve+10,-1,-1])cube([curve+10,width+2,zw1+2]);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I have this basic key tray design in OpenSCAD, and I'd like to take it a step further. I want to create a design that can accommodate various sizes of glass pot lids and hold them securely, turning them into stylish key trays.

Currently, my design (attached, called Key_tray.scad) has a central spire, a steam vent, and three bowl supports that are rotated around the center. All these are built using cylinders and cubes. However, it is designed for one specific pot lid. I need to make it parametric so the diameter of the outer supports is linked to the pot lid used. I would also like to improve the overall aesthetic and functionality.

Here are my specific needs and requests:

1.  **Parametric Lid Support:** The most crucial part is making the bowl supports (the 3 supports rotated around the center) adjustable for different pot lid sizes. Instead of having a fixed `bowlsupportT` (radius from the center), I'd like to use a parameter that represents the *radius of the pot lid* being used. Then, the supports should be positioned so they are just *inside* the edge of the pot lid. I need a way to specify the pot lid diameter/radius and have the bowl supports reposition and expand to accommodate the chosen lid.

2.  **Variable Support Thickness:**  Instead of fixed cube supports, could you make those a bit more adjustable in how they attach to the center? The current design has a `bowlsupportT` that translates the cylinders and cubes directly outwards. Instead of a simple translation, could this use an `offset` parameter (or something similar) so they can support different thickness lids? Maybe a "clamp" function?

3.  **Adjustable Steam Vent:** The steam vent is currently just a cylinder. It needs to be adjustable in height. It would also be good to have it adjustable in the distance from the center.

4.  **Slightly Different Bowl Support Design:**  Instead of just a cylinder with a flat cylinder, could we explore different support shapes? Something that provides a bit more contact with the underside of the pot lid, maybe a slightly curved or angled design?

5.  **Base Plate:** Currently the design has no base. I want to add a base to provide some stability. This base should also have a parameter so that it can adjust to the diameter of the lid used.

6. **Variable Material Thickness:** I need to be able to control the material thickness in mm. So, the thickness of the "base plate" as well as the thickness of the steam vents and support bars.

7.  **Use of Libraries:** Please use the `BOSL` library where applicable for things like arcs and maybe some of the transformation functions, but I don't need anything fancy. Please specify which specific libraries are used (e.g. MCAD, BOSL, BOSL2, dotSCAD, NopSCADlib, BOLTS).

Essentially, I want a fully parametric key tray generator that takes a pot lid size as a main input and automatically generates a design that securely holds it while looking good. The design should be easy to customize, and I'd like to have multiple parameters for all the key features. Let me know if you have any questions or need more information.

[Assistant]
Key_tray.scad:
```
//Made by Timmytool

//variables
//diamiter of the centre hole, in mm
centreD=3.8;
//total hight of the centre spire
centreH=10;
//steam vent diamiter
steamventD=1.6;
//distance between the centre hole and the steam vent hole (centre to centre), in mm
steamventT=54;
//steam vent hight, make higher then the centre hight, if to take you can clip it with plyers/standley knife
steamventH=15;
//keeping this the same as the centre hight seems to work well
bowlsupportH=10;
//the larger this is the more stable the "pan",take in to consideration 3d printer platform space.
bowlsupportT=40;

layerhight=0.2+1-1;

//calculations
centreR=centreD/2;
steamventR=steamventD/2;
steamventE=steamventR*2;
mikiears=layerhight*6;

rotate([0,0,45]){

cylinder(centreH,centreR,centreR);	//centre

translate([steamventT,0,0]){			//steam vent
	cylinder(steamventH,steamventR,steamventR);
	cylinder(mikiears,steamventE,steamventE);}
	translate([0,-2,0])cube([54,4,3]);

rotate([0,0,45]){						//bowl support1
	translate([bowlsupportT,0,0]){
		cylinder(bowlsupportH,steamventD,steamventD);
		cylinder(mikiears,steamventD,steamventE);}
	translate([0,-2,0])cube([bowlsupportT,4,3]);}

rotate([0,0,165]){					//bowl support2
	translate([bowlsupportT,0,0]){
		cylinder(bowlsupportH,steamventD,steamventD);
		cylinder(mikiears,steamventD,steamventE);}
	translate([0,-2,0])cube([bowlsupportT,4,3]);}

rotate([0,0,285]){					//bowl support3
	translate([bowlsupportT,0,0]){
		cylinder(bowlsupportH,steamventD,steamventD);
		cylinder(mikiears,steamventD,steamventE);}
	translate([0,-2,0])cube([bowlsupportT,4,3]);}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a customizable, Lego-like brick in OpenSCAD. I'm looking for a file that lets me adjust the following parameters:

*   **width**: The number of studs wide the brick is. This should be an integer, probably with a reasonable range, say 1 to 99.
*   **length**: The number of studs long the brick is. Again, an integer, likely in the range of 1 to 99.
*   **thickness**: The height of the brick, expressed as a multiplier of a standard block height. This should be an integer, possibly from 1 to 9.

The basic design of the brick should include these elements:

*   **Top Studs:** The top of the brick will have the classic cylindrical studs, positioned on a grid.
*   **Base Plate:** The main body of the brick will be a rectangular prism with the studs integrated on top. There will also be a recessed area below the studs and a solid base.
*   **Bottom Connectors:** If either the width or length is just 1, then the bottom of the brick should have single cylindrical pins for connecting to other blocks (like a 1xN Lego brick). If the width and length are both greater than 1, it should have internal posts and reinforcing ribs for connecting to other blocks.
*   **Internal Support:** If both length and width are greater than 1, there should be internal posts and a system of intersecting support ribs connecting them.
*   **Axle Holes (Optional):** If both length and width are greater than one, there should be a hole for a standard Lego axle through the center of the posts. The user should be able to turn this on/off with a parameter.

I would also like the following, hard-coded values to be used as the base measurements:

*   **knob_diameter=4.8;** //diameter of knobs on top of blocks
*   **knob_height=2;** //height of knobs on top of blocks
*   **knob_spacing=8.0;** //spacing between knobs
*   **wall_thickness=1.45;** //thickness of walls
*   **roof_thickness=1.05;** //thickness of material under the knobs
*  **block_height=9.5;** //base height of a single block unit
*   **pin_diameter=3;** //pin for bottom blocks with width or length of 1
*   **post_diameter=6.5;** //diameter of internal posts
*   **reinforcing_width=1.5;** //width of internal reinforcing ribs
*   **axle_spline_width=2.0;** //width of the splines for the axle hole
*   **axle_diameter=5;** //diameter of the axle hole
*  **cylinder_precision=0.1;**  // $fs value for cylinders

The user should be able to turn the internal reinforcement on/off using a boolean variable.

Please generate the OpenSCAD code for this brick, keeping the structure modular and readable.

[Assistant]
customizer_block-120713.scad:
```
/*Customizer Variables*/
width = 3; //[1:99]
length = 3; //[1:99]
thickness = 3; //[1:9]

/*Non customizer variables*/
knob_diameter=4.8+0;		//knobs on top of blocks
knob_height=2+0;
knob_spacing=8.0+0;
wall_thickness=1.45+0;
roof_thickness=1.05+0;
block_height=9.5+0;
pin_diameter=3+0;		//pin for bottom blocks with width or length of 1
post_diameter=6.5+0;
reinforcing_width=1.5+0;
axle_spline_width=2.0+0;
axle_diameter=5+0;
cylinder_precision=0.1+0;

block(length,width,thickness/3,axle_hole=false,reinforcement=true);

module block(width,length,height,axle_hole,reinforcement) {
	overall_length=(length-1)*knob_spacing+knob_diameter+wall_thickness*2;
	overall_width=(width-1)*knob_spacing+knob_diameter+wall_thickness*2;
	start=(knob_diameter/2+knob_spacing/2+wall_thickness);
	translate([-overall_length/2,-overall_width/2,0])
		union() {
			difference() {
				union() {
					cube([overall_length,overall_width,height*block_height]);
					translate([knob_diameter/2+wall_thickness,knob_diameter/2+wall_thickness,0])
						for (ycount=[0:width-1])
							for (xcount=[0:length-1]) {
								translate([xcount*knob_spacing,ycount*knob_spacing,0])
									cylinder(r=knob_diameter/2,h=block_height*height+knob_height,$fs=cylinder_precision);
						}
				}
				translate([wall_thickness,wall_thickness,-roof_thickness]) cube([overall_length-wall_thickness*2,overall_width-wall_thickness*2,block_height*height]);
				if (axle_hole==true)
					if (width>1 && length>1) for (ycount=[1:width-1])
						for (xcount=[1:length-1])
							translate([(xcount-1)*knob_spacing+start,(ycount-1)*knob_spacing+start,-block_height/2])  axle(height+1);
			}

			if (reinforcement==true && width>1 && length>1)
				difference() {
					for (ycount=[1:width-1])
						for (xcount=[1:length-1])
							translate([(xcount-1)*knob_spacing+start,(ycount-1)*knob_spacing+start,0]) reinforcement(height);
					for (ycount=[1:width-1])
						for (xcount=[1:length-1])
							translate([(xcount-1)*knob_spacing+start,(ycount-1)*knob_spacing+start,-0.5]) cylinder(r=post_diameter/2-0.1, h=height*block_height+0.5, $fs=cylinder_precision);
				}

			if (width>1 && length>1) for (ycount=[1:width-1])
				for (xcount=[1:length-1])
					translate([(xcount-1)*knob_spacing+start,(ycount-1)*knob_spacing+start,0]) post(height,axle_hole);

			if (width==1 && length!=1)
				for (xcount=[1:length-1])
					translate([(xcount-1)*knob_spacing+start,overall_width/2,0]) cylinder(r=pin_diameter/2,h=block_height*height,$fs=cylinder_precision);

			if (length==1 && width!=1)
				for (ycount=[1:width-1])
					translate([overall_length/2,(ycount-1)*knob_spacing+start,0]) cylinder(r=pin_diameter/2,h=block_height*height,$fs=cylinder_precision);
		}
}

module post(height,axle_hole=false) {
	difference() {
		cylinder(r=post_diameter/2, h=height*block_height,$fs=cylinder_precision);
		if (axle_hole==true) {
			translate([0,0,-block_height/2])
				axle(height+1);
		} else {
			translate([0,0,-0.5])
				cylinder(r=knob_diameter/2, h=height*block_height+1,$fs=cylinder_precision);
		}
	}
}

module reinforcement(height) {
	union() {
		translate([0,0,height*block_height/2]) union() {
			cube([reinforcing_width,knob_spacing+knob_diameter+wall_thickness/2,height*block_height],center=true);
			rotate(v=[0,0,1],a=90) cube([reinforcing_width,knob_spacing+knob_diameter+wall_thickness/2,height*block_height], center=true);
		}
	}
}

module axle(height) {
	translate([0,0,height*block_height/2]) union() {
		cube([axle_diameter,axle_spline_width,height*block_height],center=true);
		cube([axle_spline_width,axle_diameter,height*block_height],center=true);
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm trying to get this old OpenSCAD script working better and I think I need to redesign it from the ground up to be more parametric.

Essentially, the script creates a variety of different pot-like receptacles, and the user selects which one they want and how many sides it has. Currently, I'm using a dropdown list for the pot shape, an integer slider for the number of sides, and a hardcoded list of rotation values. I'd like to have the shapes be more easily customized and the sides more configurable.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm hoping to achieve:

**Overall Goal:** Create a parametric OpenSCAD module for generating different receptacle shapes.

**Key Parameters:**

*   **`potShape`:**  Instead of a dropdown list from 0-14, I'd like to abstract the shape generation. I want to be able to choose parameters like how tall the main body is, the diameter, and curves. So, instead of selecting a pre-built shape, the user configures it. Maybe this could start with a basic shape like a cylinder or a torus, and then offer modifications from there. We can worry about things like tori or special shapes in the next iteration, I think, if we focus on the simple ones first.
*   **`numberSides`:** An integer slider for controlling the number of sides of the receptacle. 0 should give a cylindrical shape, values greater than 2 should generate a polygonal shape.
*    **`height`**: A parameter to control how tall the receptacle is.
*  **`outerDiameter`**: A parameter to control how wide the base is.
*  **`wallThickness`**: A parameter to control how thick the walls are.
* **`baseThickness`**: A parameter to control how thick the base is.
*  **`lipHeight`**: A parameter to control the height of the lip or rim (if any).
*   **`lipThickness`**: A parameter to control how thick the lip or rim (if any) is.

**Specific Features:**

*   **Base Shape:** Start with simple shapes:
    *   Cylinder (for `numberSides = 0`)
    *   Prism with `numberSides` sides (for `numberSides` > 2)
*   **Wall Extrusion:** Be able to control the wall thickness and height.
*   **Lip/Rim Option:** Include parameters for adding a lip or rim at the top, with configurable height and thickness. This can just be a very simple extrusion for now.
*   **Rotation:** The rotation of the object about its Z axis is currently determined by the number of sides, but I want to decouple this and make it a configurable parameter using a slider or integer field. This rotation will now be an independent parameter called `zRotation`.
*   **Quality/Resolution:** I still need to set the `$fn` for the resolution, so I should be able to set a `quality` value with a slider.
*   **Units:** Assume units are in millimeters.
* **Simplified Code:** I'd like to start with a more easily read and understood piece of code.

**User Interface:**

I envision the following user interface, and I want the code to generate that interface when run in Customizer:

*   A slider or an integer field for `numberSides`.
*   A slider for `height`.
*   A slider for `outerDiameter`.
*   A slider for `wallThickness`.
*  A slider for `baseThickness`.
*   A slider for `lipHeight`.
*   A slider for `lipThickness`.
*   A slider or integer field for `zRotation`.
*   A slider for `quality`

**Libraries:**

I do not want to use any third-party libraries for this at this time, just vanilla OpenSCAD primitives.

Essentially, I'm trying to rebuild my old script to be more flexible, understandable, and user-friendly. Can you help me create an OpenSCAD file that does that?

[Assistant]
receptacle.scad:
```

// The shape of pot you'd like
potShape = 0; // [0:14]

// The number of sides (0 for Cylindrical)
numberSides = 4; // [0:100]

drawReceptacle(potShape,numberSides);

module hSphere(r=1,t=0.1,ns,rot) {
	difference() {
		sphere(r);
		sphere(r-t);
	}
}

rotationList=[0,0,0,60,0,-36,60,180/7,0,-20,36,180/11,0,-180/13,180/7,12,0,0,0,0,0,0];

module drawReceptacle(number,sides) {
	ns=(sides<3)?100:sides;
	rotby=(ns>20)?0:rotationList[ns];

		if (number==1) { receptacle3(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==2) { receptacle1(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==3) { receptacle2(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==4) { receptacle5(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==5) { receptacle6(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==6) { receptacle7(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==7) { receptacle4(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==8) { receptacle8(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==9) { receptacle9(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==10) { receptacle10(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==11) { receptacle11(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==12) { receptacle14(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==13) { receptacle12(ns,rotby);
	} else if (number==14) { receptacle13(ns,rotby);
	} else {
		 receptacle0(ns,rotby);
	}
}

diameter=50;
height=100;
quality=120;
$fn=quality;
numbsides=100; rotation=0;

module hSphere(r=1,t=0.1,ns,rot) {
	difference() {
		sphere(r);
		sphere(r-t);
	}
}
module hTorus(r=1,t=0.1,ns,rot) {
	scale([1,1,2])difference() {
		rotate([0,0,rot]) rotate_extrude(convexity=15,$fn=ns) translate([r*2/3, 0, 0]) circle(r/3,$fn=quality);
		rotate([0,0,rot]) scale([1,1,1.2])rotate_extrude(convexity=15,$fn=ns) translate([r*2/3, 0, 0]) circle(r/3-t,$fn=quality);
	}
}
module nTorus(r=1,t=0.1,ns,rot) {
	scale([1,1,2])difference() {
		rotate([0,0,rot]) rotate_extrude(convexity=15,$fn=ns) translate([r*2/3, 0, 0]) circle(r/3,$fn=quality);
		rotate([0,0,rot]) scale([1,1,1.1])rotate_extrude(convexity=15,$fn=ns) translate([r*2/3, 0, 0]) circle(r/3-t,$fn=quality);
	}
}

module receptacle0(ns,rot) {
	intersection() { translate([0,0,0.5])cube(1,center=true);
		scale([1/122,1/122,1/112])translate([0,0,-2.64])difference() {
			scale([1,1,2]) translate([0,0,((30+6)*2*0.813)/2]) union() {
				difference() {
					rotate([0,0,rot]) { rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([31, 0, 0]) circle(30,$fn=quality);  }
					rotate([0,0,rot]) { scale([1,1,1.08]) rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([31, 0, 0]) circle(24,$fn=quality); }
					cylinder(31*2.5,31*1.35,31*1.35,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
				translate([0,0,22.95])cylinder(5,31*1.352,31*1.352,$fn=ns);
				translate([0,0,0-27.95])cylinder(4.9,31*1.352,31*1.352,$fn=ns);
			}
			translate([0,0,108])cylinder(9.1,42,36,center=true,$fn=ns);
			translate([0,0,112])cylinder(9,38,41,center=true,$fn=ns);
		}
	}
}
module receptacle1(ns,rot) {
	intersection() { translate([0,0,0.5])cube(1,center=true);
		scale([1/2,1/2,1/2])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			difference() {
				hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
				cylinder(1.8,0.83,0.83,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,-0.5275]) cylinder(0.1,0.498,0.498,center=true,$fn=ns);

			difference() {
				union() {
					scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,0.96])  {
						intersection() {
							hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
							cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
						}
					}
					rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.442])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.83, 0, 0]) scale([0.4,1,1])circle(0.1,$fn=quality);
				}
				union() {
					translate([0,0,0.6])cylinder(0.5,0.85,0.61,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,0.05])cylinder(0.6,0.85,0.85,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
module receptacle2(ns,rot) {
	intersection() { translate([0,0,0.5])cube(1,center=true);
		scale([1/2,1/2,1/3])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			difference() {
				hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
				cylinder(1.8,0.83,0.83,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,-0.5275]) cylinder(0.1,0.498,0.498,center=true,$fn=ns);

			difference() {
				scale([1,1,2]) union() {
					scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,0.96+((2-1)*-0.29)])  {
						intersection() {
							hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
							cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
						}
					}
					rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.442+((2-1)*-0.29)])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.83, 0, 0]) scale([0.4,1,1])circle(0.1,$fn=quality);
				}
				union() {
					translate([0,0,0.6])cylinder(0.5,0.85,0.61,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,0.05])cylinder(0.6,0.85,0.85,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
module receptacle3(ns,rot) {
	intersection() { translate([0,0,0.5])cube(1,center=true);
		scale([1/2,1/2,1/1.75])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			difference() {
				hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
				cylinder(1.8,0.83,0.83,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,-0.5275]) cylinder(0.1,0.498,0.498,center=true,$fn=ns);

			difference() {
				scale([1,1,0.7]) union() {
					scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,1.215])  {
						intersection() {
							hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
							cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
						}
					}
					rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.697])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.83, 0, 0]) scale([0.4,1,1])circle(0.1,$fn=quality);
				}
				union() {
					translate([0,0,0.6])cylinder(0.5,0.85,0.61,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,0.05])cylinder(0.6,0.85,0.85,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
module receptacle4(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.5,0.5,0.47])translate([0,0,0.57]) union() {
			difference() {
				hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
				translate([0,0,-1.38])cylinder(1.8,0.83,0.83,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(1.8,0.65,0.65,center=true,$fn=ns);
				translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(1,1.1,1.1,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,-0.5275]) cylinder(0.1,0.498,0.498,center=true,$fn=ns);
			translate([0,0,0.75])difference() {
				cylinder(1.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2,0.9,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.5])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.95, 0, 0]) circle(0.05,$fn=quality);
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}
module receptacle5(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.39,0.39,0.445])translate([0,0,0.5752]) union() {
			difference() {
				hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
				translate([0,0,-1.38])cylinder(1.8,0.83,0.83,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(1.8,0.65,0.65,center=true,$fn=ns);
				translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(1,1.1,1.1,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,-0.5275]) cylinder(0.1,0.498,0.498,center=true,$fn=ns);
			translate([0,0,0.5])difference() {
				cylinder(1,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2,0.9,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.61])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([1.24, 0, 0]) scale([1,3,1])circle(0.025,$fn=quality);
			scale([2.515,2.515,2])translate([0,0,0.25]) intersection() {
					nTorus(1,0.041,ns,rot);
					cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(0.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}
module receptacle6(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.39,0.39,0.57])translate([0,0,0.5752]) union() {
			difference() {
				hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
				translate([0,0,-1.38])cylinder(1.8,0.83,0.83,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(1.8,0.65,0.65,center=true,$fn=ns);
				translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(1,1.1,1.1,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,-0.5275]) cylinder(0.1,0.498,0.498,center=true,$fn=ns);
			translate([0,0,0.25])difference() {
				cylinder(0.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2,0.9,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.11])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([1.24, 0, 0]) scale([1,3,1])circle(0.025,$fn=quality);
			scale([2.515,2.515,2])translate([0,0,0]) intersection() {
					nTorus(1,0.041,ns,rot);
					cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(0.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}
module receptacle7(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.39,0.39,0.8])translate([0,0,0.5752]) union() {
			difference() {
				hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
				translate([0,0,-1.38])cylinder(1.8,0.83,0.83,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(1.8,0.65,0.65,center=true,$fn=ns);
				translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(1,1.1,1.1,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			scale([1.67,1.67,1]) translate([0,0,-0.5275]) cylinder(0.1,0.498,0.498,center=true,$fn=ns);
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,0.61])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([1.24, 0, 0]) scale([1,3,1])circle(0.025,$fn=quality);
			scale([2.515,2.515,2])translate([0,0,-0.25]) intersection() {
					nTorus(1,0.041,ns,rot);
					cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(0.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}
module receptacle8(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.5,0.5,0.48])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			translate([0,0,0.25])difference() {
				cylinder(1.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2,0.9,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			translate([0,0,-0.45]) cylinder(0.1,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
			translate([0,0,1])rotate([180,0,0])difference() {
				hTorus(1,0.1,ns,rot);
				translate([0,0,-1.25])cylinder(1.8,0.83,0.83,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(1.8,0.65,0.65,center=true,$fn=ns);
				translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(1,1.1,1.1,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.493])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.83, 0, 0]) scale([1,3.5,1])circle(0.025,$fn=quality);
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}

module receptacle9(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.5,0.5,0.48])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			translate([0,0,0.25])difference() {
				cylinder(2.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2.6,0.9,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			translate([0,0,-0.45]) cylinder(0.1,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.5])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.95, 0, 0]) circle(0.05,$fn=quality);
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}

module receptacle10(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.5,0.5,0.48])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			scale([2,2,2])translate([0,0,0.25]) intersection() {
					nTorus(1,0.041,ns,rot);
					cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(0.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
			translate([0,0,0.25])difference() {
				cylinder(1.5,0.795,0.795,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2.1,0.717,0.717,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			translate([0,0,-0.45]) cylinder(0.1,0.795,0.795,center=true,$fn=ns);
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}
module receptacle11(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.5,0.5,0.48])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			scale([2,2,2])translate([0,0,0.25]) intersection() {
					nTorus(1,0.041,ns,rot);
					cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,-0.5])cylinder(0.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
			translate([0,0,0.75])difference() {
				cylinder(1.5,0.795,0.795,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2.1,0.717,0.717,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			translate([0,0,-0.45]) cylinder(0.1,0.95,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.5])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.76, 0, 0]) circle(0.035,$fn=quality);
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}
module receptacle12(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.5,0.5,0.48])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			translate([0,0,0.25])difference() {
				cylinder(2.5,0.5,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2.6,0.4,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			translate([0,0,-0.45]) cylinder(0.1,0.55,0.55,center=true,$fn=ns);
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.5])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.947, 0, 0]) circle(0.052,$fn=quality);
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}
module receptacle13(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.5,0.5,0.48])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			translate([0,0,0.25])difference() {
				cylinder(2.5,1,0.6,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2.6,0.9,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			translate([0,0,-0.45]) cylinder(0.1,0.9,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
			rotate([0,0,rot]) translate([0,0,1.5])rotate_extrude(convexity = 10,$fn=ns) translate([0.554, 0, 0]) circle(0.045,$fn=quality);
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}

module receptacle14(ns,rot) {
	intersection() {
		scale([0.5,0.5,0.48])translate([0,0,0.5]) union() {
			scale([2,2,2])translate([0,0,0.25]) intersection() {
					nTorus(1,0.041,ns,rot);
					cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,0.5])cylinder(0.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
			translate([0,0,0.5])difference() {
				cylinder(1,0.795,0.795,center=true,$fn=ns);
				cylinder(2.1,0.717,0.717,center=true,$fn=ns);
			}
			scale([2,2,2])translate([0,0,0.25]) intersection() {
					nTorus(1,0.041,ns,rot);
					cylinder(1.5,0.5,0.5,center=true,$fn=ns);
					translate([0,0,-0.5])cylinder(0.5,1,1,center=true,$fn=ns);
				}
			translate([0,0,-0.45]) cylinder(0.1,0.95,0.9,center=true,$fn=ns);
		}
		translate([0,0,0.5]) cube(1,center=true);
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a highly customizable potentiometer knob and I'd like some help creating an OpenSCAD file for it. I've seen a really good example, but it's a bit complex and I'd like to make sure I understand the parametric design process more fully by starting from scratch.

Here are the key features I want, keeping in mind the example file "potknob_parametric.scad":

**Overall Knob Shape:**

*   I want a knob that's essentially a cylinder, but I'd like to be able to control the diameter at the top and the bottom independently, to create a slightly tapered or hourglass shape if desired.
*   I need to set the overall height of the knob.
*   I want to adjust the smoothness (number of facets) of the cylinder, so it can be more geometric or more rounded.

**Shaft Hole:**

*   I need a hole in the center for the potentiometer shaft.
*   The diameter of this hole needs to be adjustable.
*   I need to control how deep the shaft hole goes into the knob.
*   The smoothness of the hole needs to be adjustable.
*   Some potentiometers have a flat spot on their shaft, so I need a way to make the hole D-shaped using a separate flat-size parameter. The choice to include or omit the flat should be a toggle parameter.

**Set Screw (Optional):**

*   I need the *option* to include a set screw hole on the side of the knob, controlled with a toggle parameter.
*   If a set screw is enabled, the diameter, depth (into the knob from the side), and height (from the top of the knob) need to be adjustable.
*   I need to control the smoothness of the set screw hole.

**Top Edge Smoothing (Optional):**

*  I need an *option* to round the top edge of the knob, also controlled with a toggle parameter.
* If enabled, I need to be able to control the radius of the rounded edge and its smoothness.

**External Indicator (Optional):**

*   I want the *option* of having a small, cube-shaped indicator that protrudes out from the bottom edge of the knob, which will be controlled with a toggle parameter.
*   If included, I need to control how far out it protrudes and its height.

**Pill-Shaped Indicator (Optional):**

* I would like a *pill* shape to be able to be added or subtracted from the top of the knob, controlled with a toggle parameter.
* There should be a parameter to determine if the pill is an addition or a subtraction.
* I need to be able to adjust the scale of the pill.
* I need to control the height of the pill.
* I need to control the length of the pill.
* I need to control the position of the pill on the x, y, and z axes.

**Internal Arrow Indicator (Optional):**

*   I'd like the *option* of having an arrow-shaped cutout on the top surface as an indicator, controlled with a toggle parameter.
*   I need to control the scale of the arrow head and the arrow shaft separately.
*   I need to control the overall scale of the arrow indicator
*   I need to position the arrow on the x, y, and z axes.

**Spherical Indentations (Optional):**

*   I need the *option* to add spherical indentations along the side of the knob, controlled with a toggle parameter.
*   I need to set the number of indentations, their quality (smoothness), and size.
*   I need to set the position of the indentation spheres on the x, y, and z axes.
*   I need to set the starting rotation so that the indentations line up with the front or the set screws.

**Cylindrical Indentations (Optional):**
* I need the *option* to add cylindrical indentations along the side of the knob, controlled with a toggle parameter.
* I need to set the number of indentations and their smoothness.
* I need to set the top and bottom diameter of the cylinder and its height.
* I need to set the position of the cylinders along the x, y, and z axes.
* I need to set the starting rotation so that the indentations line up with the front or the set screws.

I want all dimensions to be in millimeters. I don't need any special libraries or anything too fancy in terms of programming structures, just the basic OpenSCAD functionalities. Thank you!

[Assistant]
potknob_parametric.scad:
```
/*

Parametric Potentiometer Knob Generator
version 1.4
2013 Steve Cooley
http://sc-fa.com
http://beatseqr.com
http://hapticsynapses.com

parametric potentiometer knob generator by steve cooley is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at sc-fa.com. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://sc-fa.com/blog/contact.

view terms of the license here:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

version history
---------------
1.4 2013-07-16 added an additive OR subtractive pill shaped indicator type
1.3 2013-04-01 updated for more awesome Thingiverse Customizer
1.2 2013-01-09 updated for Thingiverse Customizer
1.1 2012-04-12 fixed the arrow indicator code to be more robust and easier to adjust parameters for.
1.0 2012-03-?? initial release.

*/

/* [Physical attributes] */

// All values are in Millimeters!  How big the top of the knob is:
01_knob_diameter_top = 20; //[10:100]
knob_radius_top = 01_knob_diameter_top / 2;

// How big the bottom of the knob is:
02_knob_diameter_bottom = 20; // [10:100]
knob_radius_bottom = 02_knob_diameter_bottom / 2;

// how tall the knob is:
03_knob_height = 16; // [5:50]
knob_height = 03_knob_height / 1;

// how smooth or geometric the knob is:
04_knob_smoothness = 40; // [3:40]
knob_smoothness = 04_knob_smoothness / 1;

// (measure the potentiometer shaft with calipers and remember to add a bit for shrinkage.)
05_shaft_diameter = 6.2; // this could be a slider if precision were available
shaft_radius = 05_shaft_diameter / 2;

// how much of the shaft the knob should allow space inside for:
06_shaft_height = 13; // [1:40]
shaft_height = 06_shaft_height / 1;

// higher is smoother
07_shaft_smoothness = 20; // [3:20]
shaft_smoothness = 07_shaft_smoothness / 1;

// some potentiometers have a flat surface on the shaft to allow for the use of a set screw.
08_shaft_hole_is_flatted = "true"; // [true,false]

// ignore if no flat is needed.
09_shaft_hole_flat_size = 5.0; // this could be a slider if precision were available
flat_size = 09_shaft_hole_flat_size / 1;

/* [Set screw] */

// some potentiometers need to have their knobs affixed with a set screw.
10_set_screw = "true"; //[true,false]

// in MM:
11_set_screw_diameter = 3; // [0:8]
set_screw_radius = 11_set_screw_diameter / 2;

// how deep into the knob, from the side:
12_set_screw_depth = 9; // [0:20]
set_screw_depth = 12_set_screw_depth / 1;

// from the top:
13_set_screw_height = 4; // [0:20]
set_screw_height = 13_set_screw_height / 1;

// higher is smoother:
14_quality_of_set_screw = 20; // [0:20]
quality_of_set_screw = 14_quality_of_set_screw / 1;

/* [Decorations] */

// thanks to http://www.iheartrobotics.com/ for the articles!
15_top_edge_smoothing = "true"; // [true,false]

// how big of a smoothing radius to apply
16_top_edge_smoothing_radius = 5.0; // [1:10]
smoothing_radius = 16_top_edge_smoothing_radius / 1;

// Number of facets for the rounding cylinder
17_top_edge_smoothing_smoothness = 20.0; // [1:40]
smooth = 17_top_edge_smoothing_smoothness / 1;

ct = -0.1 / 1; 							// circle translate? not sure.
circle_radius = knob_radius_top / 1;  	// just match the top edge radius
circle_height = 1 / 1; 					// actually.. I don't know what this does.
pad = 0.2 / 1;							// Padding to maintain manifold

/* [External indicator] */

// this is a corner edge of a cube sticking out of the cylinder at the bottom, you can use it instead of the arrow shaped cutout in the top if you like. Or both.
18_pointy_external_indicator = "false"; // [true,false]

// how tall should the indicator be, from the bottom:
19_pointy_external_indicator_height = 3; // [1:50]
pointy_external_indicator_height = 19_pointy_external_indicator_height / 1;

// how far out the indicator should poke out:
20_pointy_external_indicator_pokey_outey_ness = 1.0;
pointy_external_indicator_pokey_outey_ness = 20_pointy_external_indicator_pokey_outey_ness * 1;

pokey_outey_value = pointy_external_indicator_pokey_outey_ness - 1 - pad;
pokey_outey = [pokey_outey_value, pokey_outey_value,0];

// there's an arrow shaped hole you can have. There aren't a lot of controls for this.
// please feel free to improve on this script here.

/* [Pill-shaped indicator] */

// there's an arrow shape you can have in the top of the knob.
00_pill_indicator = "true"; // [true,false]

// add or subtract the pill shape?
00_pill_add_or_subtract = "add"; // [add,subtract]

// relative scale of the pill shape:
00_pill_scale = 1.0;

// height of the pill shape:
00_pill_height = 16.0;

// relative scale of length of the pill shape:
00_pill_length = 2.5;

// where to put the arrow, x:
00_pill_location_x = 0.0;

// where to put the arrow, y:
00_pill_location_y = 5.0;

// where to put the arrow, z:
00_pill_location_z = 0.0;

pill_translate = [00_pill_location_x,00_pill_location_y,00_pill_location_z];

/* [Internal Arrow indicator] */

// there's an arrow shape you can have in the top of the knob.
21_top_of_knob_arrow_indicator = "false"; // [true,false]

// scale the arrow head:
22_arrow_head_scale = 2.0;
arrow_scale_head = 22_arrow_head_scale / 1;

// scale the arrow shaft:
23_arrow_shaft_scale = 1.5;
arrow_scale_shaft = 23_arrow_shaft_scale / 1;

// how big the overall arrow indicator should be:
24_arrow_indicator_scale = 1.3;
arrow_indicator_scale = 24_arrow_indicator_scale / 1;

// where to put the arrow, x:
25_arrow_location_x = 0.0;

// where to put the arrow, y:
26_arrow_location_y = 1.0;

// where to put the arrow, z:
27_arrow_location_z = 16.0;

arrow_indicator_translate = [25_arrow_location_x,26_arrow_location_y,27_arrow_location_z];

/* [Sphere Indentations] */

// for spherical indentations, set the quantity, quality, size, and adjust the placement
28_indentations_sphere = "false"; // [true,false]

29_sphere_number_of_indentations = 12; // [1:50]
sphere_number_of_indentations = 29_sphere_number_of_indentations / 1;

30_sphere_quality_of_indentations = 40; // [1:100]
sphere_quality_of_indentations = 30_sphere_quality_of_indentations / 1;

31_size_of_sphere_indentations = 4; // [1:20]
size_of_sphere_indentations = 31_size_of_sphere_indentations / 1;

// the first number in this set moves the spheres in or out. smaller is closer to the middle
32_sphere_indentation_location_x = 12.0;

// the second number in this set moves the spheres left or right
33_sphere_indentation_location_y = 00.0;

// the third number in this set moves the speheres up or down
34_sphere_indentation_location_z = 15.0;

translation_of_sphere_indentations = [32_sphere_indentation_location_x,33_sphere_indentation_location_y,34_sphere_indentation_location_z];

// in case you are using an odd number of indentations, you way want to adjust the starting angle so that they align to the front or set screw locations.
35_sphere_indentation_starting_rotation = 30; // [-90:90]
sphere_starting_rotation = 35_sphere_indentation_starting_rotation / 1 + 90;

/* [Cylinder Indentations] */

// for cylinder indentations, set quantity, quality, radius, height, and placement
36_indentations_cylinder = "true"; // [true,false]

37_number_of_cylinder_indentations = 6; // [1:40]
cylinder_number_of_indentations = 37_number_of_cylinder_indentations / 1;

// higher is smoother:
38_smoothness_of_cylinder_indentations = 50; // [3:100]
cylinder_quality_of_indentations = 38_smoothness_of_cylinder_indentations / 1;

39_diameter_of_top_of_the_cylinder = 5.0; // [1:20]
radius_of_cylinder_indentations_top = 39_diameter_of_top_of_the_cylinder / 2;

40_diameter_of_bottom_of_the_cylinder = 5.0;  // [1:20]
radius_of_cylinder_indentations_bottom = 40_diameter_of_bottom_of_the_cylinder / 2;

41_height_of_cylinder_indentations = 15.0; // [0:40]
height_of_cylinder_indentations = 41_height_of_cylinder_indentations / 1;

// this moves the cylinders in or out from the center
42_position_of_cylinder_x = -0.0; //[-20:20]

// this moves the cylinders left or right
43_position_of_cylinder_y = 0.0; //[-20:20]

// this moves the cylinders up or down
44_position_of_cylinder_z = -5.0; //[-20:20]

translation_of_cylinder_indentations = [42_position_of_cylinder_x,43_position_of_cylinder_y,44_position_of_cylinder_z];

45_cylinder_starting_rotation = -30; // [-90:90]
cylinder_starting_rotation = 45_cylinder_starting_rotation / 1 - 90;

// these are some setup variables... you probably won't need to mess with them.
negative_knob_radius = knob_radius_bottom*-1;

// this is the main module. It calls the submodules.
make_the_knob();

module make_the_knob()
{
difference()
{
	union()
	{
	difference()
		{
		difference()
			{

			difference()
				{
				difference()
					{

					union()
						{

						difference()
							{
							// main cylinder
							cylinder(r1=knob_radius_bottom,r2=knob_radius_top,h=knob_height, $fn=knob_smoothness);

							smoothing();

							}

						external_direction_indicator();
						}

					}

				set_screw_hole();
				}

			if(00_pill_add_or_subtract == "subtract")
				{
				pill();
				}
			arrow_indicator();
			indentations();
			}

	}
	if(00_pill_add_or_subtract == "add")
							{
							pill();
							}

	}
shaft_hole();
}

}
module smoothing() {

// smoothing the top
				if(15_top_edge_smoothing == "true")
					{
						translate([0,0,knob_height])
						rotate([180,0,0])
						difference() {
							rotate_extrude(convexity=10,  $fn = smooth)
							translate([circle_radius-ct-smoothing_radius+pad,ct-pad,0])
							square(smoothing_radius+pad,smoothing_radius+pad);

							rotate_extrude(convexity=10,  $fn = smooth)
							translate([circle_radius-ct-smoothing_radius,ct+smoothing_radius,0])
							circle(r=smoothing_radius,$fn=smooth);
							}
					}
}

module external_direction_indicator() {

				if(18_pointy_external_indicator == "true")
						{

						// outer pointy indicator
						rotate([0,0,45])
						translate(pokey_outey)
						// cube size of 8 minimum to point out
						cube(size=[knob_radius_bottom,knob_radius_bottom,pointy_external_indicator_height],center=false);
						}

}

module shaft_hole() {
				// shaft hole
				difference()
					{

					// round shaft hole
					translate([ 0, 0, -1 ])
					cylinder(r=shaft_radius,h=shaft_height, $fn=shaft_smoothness);

					if(08_shaft_hole_is_flatted  == "true")
						{
						// D shaft shape for shaft cutout
						rotate( [0,0,90])
						translate([-7.5,-5,0])
						cube(size=[flat_size,10,13],center=false);
						}
					}
}

module set_screw_hole() {

			if(10_set_screw == "true")
				{
				// set screw hole
				rotate ([90,0,0])
				translate([ 0, set_screw_height, 1 ])
				cylinder(r=set_screw_radius,h=set_screw_depth, $fn=quality_of_set_screw);
				}
}

module arrow_indicator() {
		if(21_top_of_knob_arrow_indicator == "true")
			{
			translate(arrow_indicator_translate)
			// begin arrow top cutout
			// translate([(knob_radius/2),knob_height,knob_height])
			rotate([90,0,45])
			scale([arrow_indicator_scale*.3,arrow_indicator_scale*.3,arrow_indicator_scale*.3])
			union()
				{
				rotate([90,45,0])
				scale([arrow_scale_head,arrow_scale_head,1])
				cylinder(r=8, h=10, $fn=3, center=true);
				rotate([90,45,0])
				translate([-10,0,0])
				scale([arrow_scale_shaft,arrow_scale_shaft,1])
				cube(size=[15,10,10],center=true);
				}
			}
}

module indentations() {

if(28_indentations_sphere == "true")
			{
			for (z = [0:sphere_number_of_indentations])
				{
				rotate([0,0,sphere_starting_rotation+((360/sphere_number_of_indentations)*z)])
				translate(translation_of_sphere_indentations)
				sphere(size_of_sphere_indentations, $fn=sphere_quality_of_indentations);
				}
			}
if(36_indentations_cylinder == "true")
			{
			for (z = [0:cylinder_number_of_indentations])
				{
				rotate([0,0,cylinder_starting_rotation+((360/cylinder_number_of_indentations)*z)])

				translate([negative_knob_radius,0,knob_height])
				translate(translation_of_cylinder_indentations)
				cylinder(r1=radius_of_cylinder_indentations_bottom, r2=radius_of_cylinder_indentations_top, h=height_of_cylinder_indentations, center=true, $fn=cylinder_quality_of_indentations);
				}
			}
		}

module pill()
{

if(00_pill_indicator == "true")
	{

	translate(pill_translate)

	rotate([0,0,90])
		{
		union()
			{
			cylinder(00_pill_height,00_pill_scale,00_pill_scale, $fn=40);
			translate([0,-00_pill_scale,0])
				{
					cube([(00_pill_scale*2)*00_pill_length,00_pill_scale*2,00_pill_height]);
				}
			translate([(00_pill_scale*2)*00_pill_length,0,0])
				{
					cylinder(00_pill_height,00_pill_scale,00_pill_scale, $fn=40);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I've been playing around with this screw-top box I found, and while it's cool, I'd love to have something much more flexible and easy to customize. Basically, I want a parametric screw-top box generator, where I can easily adjust things like the box size, thread count, wall thickness, and overall height.

Here's the core idea:

The box is made of two parts: an inner cup and an outer cup. The outer cup has a screw thread on its inside and the inner cup has a corresponding thread on its outside, so that it can screw into the outer cup.

I want to control the following parameters:

*   **`h`:** Total height of the inner cup. The outer cup's height will be slightly larger to accommodate the threads.
*   **`nw`:** The number of times the screw thread spirals around the circumference. This lets me control how much I have to turn the box to screw it together.
*   **`inside`:** The inner diameter of the inner cup.
*   **`outside`:** The outer diameter of the outer cup. This essentially controls the box's overall footprint.
*   **`t`:** The thickness of the walls. This should be consistent for both inner and outer cups.
*   **`threads`:** The number of parallel threads. This controls the pitch of the screw thread.
*   **`gap`:** The space between the threads of the inner and outer cup when they are screwed together.

The basic structure is built from linear extrudes of circles along a helical path. The outer part needs an extra cylinder to form the base.

Here's a quick sketch of how the code might work:

*   Use a `for` loop to extrude circles to create the screw thread geometry, rotating the circles by an increment that depends on `threads`.
*   Use `linear_extrude` with `twist` to make the thread spiral around.
*   Use `difference` to remove material.

I don't need anything too fancy, I just need to be able to control all the important dimensions.  It would be great if the generated model was clean and easily printable.

I'm not sure exactly which libraries would be most helpful for this, but I suspect this could be done with basic OpenSCAD primitives. I'd prefer that you do not use an external library if at all possible but if you think using a library would make this much easier, please go ahead. I'm thinking something using basic OpenSCAD operations and perhaps a module to handle the thread generation. Let me know if there are any questions.

[Assistant]
configurable-screwable-box.scad:
```
// Configurable screwable box
// (c) 2013 Laird Popkin

// Height (mm)
h=100;
// Number of times screw spirals around
nw=1;
// Inner box diameter (mm)
inside=80;
// Outer box diameter (mm)
outside=150;
// Thickness of box walls (mm)
t=1;
// Number of parallel threads
threads = 8; //[1:32]
// Gap between inner and outer box
gap=0.5;

cr=inside/2;
w=(outside/2)-cr-t;
step = 360/threads;

g=0.01*1;
max = 1*(360 - step);

module cup(r2,h) {
	echo("cup radius ",r2);
	difference() {
		for (a = [0:step:max]) {
			rotate([0,0,a]) linear_extrude(height = h, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = nw*360)
				translate([w, 0, 0]) circle(r = r2);
			}
		difference() {
			for (a = [0:step:max]) {
				rotate([0,0,a]) linear_extrude(height = h+g, center = false, convexity = 10, twist = nw*360)
					translate([w, 0, 0]) circle(r = r2-t);
				}
			cylinder(r=r2+w,h=t);
			}
		}
	}

translate([-cr-w-5,0,0]) cup(cr,h);
translate([cr+w+5,0,0]) cup(cr+t+gap,h+t+g);
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to design a customizable phone stand using OpenSCAD. I've already got a basic idea of how I want it to look and function, and I've even written some preliminary code, but it could definitely be better. I'd like to make it more robust and more easily customizable.

Here's what I'm thinking:

The phone stand should be a solid block with a cutout for the phone to rest on. This cutout should be angled to allow the phone to lean back slightly. I'd also like a small lip or holdback at the bottom of the cutout to prevent the phone from sliding out. It is important that the cut-out and holdback are created as a subtraction from the base solid.

Here's the code I've got so far. It seems to work but could be simplified and made more flexible:
```
//Customizable Phone Stand
//Height of the phone //default 125.45
phone_height = 125.45;
//Width of the phone //default 66.35
phone_width = 66.35;
//Thickness of the phone //default 8.7
phone_thickness = 8.7;

//Height of the stand //default 80
stand_height = 80; //[30:120]
//Width of the stand //default 80
stand_width = 80; //[60:200]
//Thickness of the stand //default 50
stand_thickness = 50; //[35:100]

//Angle at which the phone stands //default 350
phone_stand_angle = 350; //[335:360]
//The height from the bottom of the stand, to where the phone begins //default 10
phone_stand_min_height = 10; //[2:60]
//From the front of the stand to where the phone starts //default 5
phone_stand_to_back = 5; //[2 : 20]
//to hold back the phone //default 0.9
holdback = 0.9;
//not used at this time
holdback_multiplier = 10;

//Make!
phone_stand();

module phone_stand(){
  difference(){
    cube([stand_width,stand_thickness,stand_height]);
    //The Phone
    translate([stand_width/2 - phone_width/2,phone_stand_to_back,phone_stand_min_height])
    rotate(phone_stand_angle,[1,0,0])
    cube([phone_width,phone_thickness,phone_height]);
    //The Holdback
    translate([stand_width/2 - phone_width*holdback/2,phone_stand_to_back+(phone_thickness/2)-(phone_thickness*5*holdback),phone_stand_min_height + phone_height - (phone_height*holdback)])
    rotate(phone_stand_angle,[1,0,0])
    cube([phone_width*holdback,phone_thickness*5*holdback,phone_height*holdback]);
  }
}
```

Here's a breakdown of the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **Phone Dimensions:** `phone_height`, `phone_width`, `phone_thickness`. These should define the size of the phone that the stand is designed for.
*   **Stand Dimensions:** `stand_height`, `stand_width`, `stand_thickness`. These should control the overall size of the stand.
*   **Phone Angle:** `phone_stand_angle`. This determines the angle at which the phone leans back.
*  **Phone Cutout Position**: `phone_stand_min_height` this is the height from the base of the stand to the bottom of the phone cutout, and `phone_stand_to_back` which is how far from the front of the stand the phone cutout begins.
*   **Holdback:** `holdback`. This controls the size of the lip at the base of the cutout. Ideally, this is a fraction of the phone's dimensions.
*  **Holdback_Multiplier** This is unused in the above file, but I'd like to experiment with controlling the depth of the holdback using this multiplier.

I'd also like to make sure it can be easily adjusted for different phone sizes and stand preferences. It should be easy to modify the stand's dimensions, the phone angle, and the holdback. I want this to work with the Customizer, so I need to include the parameter ranges.

I'm open to any suggestions you have on how to make this design better. I'm not using any libraries, but am familiar with BOSL if you think that could help. Could you help me get this design finalized into a single .scad file?

[Assistant]
customizable_phone_stand.scad:
```
//Customizable Phone Stand
//Height of the phone //default 125.45
phone_height = 125.45;
//Width of the phone //default 66.35
phone_width = 66.35;
//Thickness of the phone //default 8.7
phone_thickness = 8.7;

//Height of the stand //default 80
stand_height = 80; //[30:120]
//Width of the stand //default 80
stand_width = 80; //[60:200]
//Thickness of the stand //default 50
stand_thickness = 50; //[35:100]

//Angle at which the phone stands //default 350
phone_stand_angle = 350; //[335:360]
//The height from the bottom of the stand, to where the phone begins //default 10
phone_stand_min_height = 10; //[2:60]
//From the front of the stand to where the phone starts //default 5
phone_stand_to_back = 5; //[2 : 20]
//to hold back the phone //default 0.9
holdback = 0.9;
//not used at this time
holdback_multiplier = 10;

//Make!
phone_stand();

module phone_stand(){
  difference(){
    cube([stand_width,stand_thickness,stand_height]);
    //The Phone
    translate([stand_width/2 - phone_width/2,phone_stand_to_back,phone_stand_min_height])
    rotate(phone_stand_angle,[1,0,0])
    cube([phone_width,phone_thickness,phone_height]);
    //The Holdback
    translate([stand_width/2 - phone_width*holdback/2,phone_stand_to_back+(phone_thickness/2)-(phone_thickness*5*holdback),phone_stand_min_height + phone_height - (phone_height*holdback)])
    rotate(phone_stand_angle,[1,0,0])
    cube([phone_width*holdback,phone_thickness*5*holdback,phone_height*holdback]);
  }
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to request a parametric OpenSCAD file for generating washers. I need it to be flexible enough to create both standard "M" sized washers based on a table and also freeform washers where I specify the inner diameter, outer diameter, and height directly.

Here's a breakdown of what I'm looking for:

**Core Functionality:**

*   **Washer Generation:** The core function should generate a washer (a cylinder with a concentric hole). It needs to be able to handle different inner diameters, outer diameters, and heights.
*   **"M" Sized Washers:** I need a way to specify an "M" size (e.g., M6, M8, etc.). Based on this M size, the script should automatically calculate the inner diameter, outer diameter, and height of the washer according to something similar to the BS4320: 1968 standard using the dimensions found in the roymech.co.uk link I included (I don't need it to be exact but should follow the formula of a multiplier of sizeM). For example:
    *   Inner Diameter (i_id) should be a bit bigger than the M size, something like `sizeM * 1.1`.
    *   Outer Diameter (i_od) should be larger than the inner diameter, like `sizeM * 2.0`.
    *   Height (i_height) should be relatively small, like `sizeM * 0.2`.
*   **Freeform Washers:** I need the ability to bypass the "M" sizing and directly specify the inner diameter, outer diameter, and height.

**Parameters:**

*   **`freemode`:** A string variable that can be either `"yes"` or `"no"`. If `"yes"`, then the script uses the freeform parameters. If `"no"`, it uses the M sizing system.
*   **`free_id`:** When `freemode` is `"yes"`, this float is the inner diameter of the washer. Should have a reasonable range, maybe `0:200`.
*   **`free_od`:** When `freemode` is `"yes"`, this float is the outer diameter of the washer. Should have a reasonable range, maybe `0:200`.
*   **`free_height`:** When `freemode` is `"yes"`, this float is the height of the washer. Should have a reasonable range, maybe `0:100`.
*   **`sizeM`:** When `freemode` is `"no"`, this float defines the "M" size of the washer (e.g., 6 for M6). I'd like to have a list of preset M sizes to choose from via a drop down, something like `[2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20,24]`.
*   **`tolerance`:** A float that adds to the inner diameter and subtracts from the outer diameter. Should have a reasonable range, maybe `0:1`.

**Array Generation:**

*   **Array Creation:** It should include a module that automatically arranges the washers in a grid.
*   **`build_size_width`:** An integer determining how many washers to place in a row. Have a range of `[1,5,10]`.
*   **`build_size_depth`:** An integer determining how many rows to create. Have a range of `[1,5,10]`.
*   **`build_space_between_washer`:** A float for the space between washers in the grid.

**Additional Considerations:**

*   **Write Cylinder Text:** There should also be a text label written onto the top face of each washer, something that says what M-size it is, which is made using the `writecylinder()` module in the included library "write/Write.scad".
*   **`washer_sides`:** A variable that controls the number of sides used for the cylinder.

**Libraries Used:**

*   `write/Write.scad`

I think that covers everything! Let me know if you need any clarifications.

[Assistant]
washer.scad:
```
// Washer
//
// By Tertzoid
//
// Version 0.0.2  January 2nd 2013
//
// Bright Washers are dimensioned in BS4320: 1968/
// Based on info from : http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Screws/Hex_Screws.htm
//

include <write/Write.scad>
//use <write.scad>

washer_sides = 128;

// Free mode
freemode = "no"; // [yes,no]

// Inner diameter
free_id=6.6; // [0:200]
// Outer diameter
free_od=12; // [0:200]
// height
free_height=1.2; // [0:100]

// Tolerance
tolerance=0.25;  // [0:1]

// Washer M
sizeM=6.0; // [2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20,24]

i_id=sizeM*1.1;
i_od=sizeM*2.0;
i_height=sizeM*0.2;

// Engrave size
//engrave = "no"; // [yes,no]

///////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Multiple Washer Build Functions

// Build plate width
build_size_width = 1; // [1,5,10]
// Build plate depth
build_size_depth = 1; // [1,5,10]
build_space_between_washer = 1;

if(freemode=="yes")
{
 washer_array_gen(free_id+tolerance,free_od-tolerance,free_height);
} else
{
 washer_array_gen(i_id+tolerance,i_od-tolerance,i_height);
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////
// General Library modules
module washer_gen(id,od,height) {
	$fn = washer_sides;
		difference () {
			cylinder(r = od/2, h = height);
			translate([0,0,-height*2]) cylinder(r = id/2, h = height*4);
         writecylinder(str(sizeM),[0,0,0],(id-tolerance),height-0.5,h=sizeM/3,face="top");
	}
}

module washer_array_gen(id,od,height) {
	max_width_count = build_size_width;
	max_depth_count = build_size_depth;

	for (x = [0:max_width_count-1]) {
		for (y = [0:max_depth_count-1]) {

				translate([x*(od+build_space_between_washer),y*(od+build_space_between_washer),0]) washer_gen(id,od,height);

		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking for a customizable ring design in OpenSCAD. I want to be able to engrave text on both the outside and inside of the ring.

Here are the parameters I'd like to be able to control:

*   **Outer Message:**  A string of text that will be engraved on the outer surface of the ring. I'd like this to be limited to a maximum of 26 characters, just to make sure it fits nicely.
*   **Inner Message:** A string of text for the inner surface of the ring, also with a 26 character limit.
*   **Font:**  I'd like to be able to select the font from a predefined list of fonts using the `write/Write.scad` library. Specifically, I'd like to be able to choose between "write/Letters.dxf" for a basic font, "write/orbitron.dxf" for a futuristic font, and "write/BlackRose.dxf" for a fancy font.
*   **Font Size:** An integer that allows me to control the text size. I want to be able to scale from 10-20.
*   **Font Spacing:** An integer to adjust the spacing between characters. This can be both positive (increase spacing) or negative (decrease spacing) and range from -100 to 100.
*   **Ring Thickness:** A float value to adjust the ring's wall thickness. I need options for "Thin" at 0.8, "Normal" at 1.6, and "Thick" at 2.4.
*   **Ring Width:**  The width of the ring along the Z-axis, which should be between 6 and 12.
*   **Ring Size:** The inner diameter of the ring using standard US ring sizes, specified in millimeters. I need to be able to select from the list provided: 11.63:0, 11.84:0.25, 12.04:0.5, 12.24:0.75, 12.45:1, 12.65:1.25, 12.85:1.5, 13.06:1.75, 13.26:2, 13.46:2.25, 13.67:2.5, 13.87:2.75, 14.07:3, 14.27:3.25, 14.48:3.5, 14.68:3.75, 14.88:4, 15.09:4.25, 15.29:4.5, 15.49:4.75, 2215.9:5.25, 16.1:5.5, 16.31:5.75, 16.51:6, 16.71:6.25, 16.92:6.5, 17.12:6.75, 17.32:7, 17.53:7.25, 17.73:7.5, 17.93:7.75, 18.14:8, 18.34:8.25, 18.54:8.5, 18.75:8.75, 18.95:9, 19.15:9.25, 19.35:9.5, 19.56:9.75, 19.76:10, 19.96:10.25, 20.17:10.5, 20.37:10.75, 20.57:11, 20.78:11.25, 20.98:11.5, 21.18:11.75, 21.39:12, 21.59:12.25, 21.79:12.5, 22:12.75, 22.2:13, 22.4:13.25, 22.61:13.5, 22.81:13.75, 23.01:14, 23.22:14.25, 23.42:14.5, 23.62:14.75, 23.83:15, 24.03:15.25, 24.23:15.5, 24.43:15.75, 24.64:16

The design should use the `writecylinder` function from the `write/Write.scad` library to engrave the text onto the cylinder. It's important that the inner message is mirrored so it reads correctly when viewed from inside the ring and also scaled to fit.

Can you generate the OpenSCAD file that will accomplish this?

[Assistant]
dual_message_ring_customizer.scad:
```
include <write/Write.scad>

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES

//(max 26 characters)
OutterMessage = "I <3 MakerBot";
InnerMessage = "I <3 OpenSCAD";

Font = "write/Letters.dxf";//["write/Letters.dxf":Basic,"write/orbitron.dxf":Futuristic,"write/BlackRose.dxf":Fancy]

font_size = 10;//[10:20]

font_spacing = 0; //[-100:100]

ring_thickness = 1.6;//[0.8:Thin,1.6:Normal,2.4:Thick]

ring_width = 6;//[6:12]

//(US Ring Sizes)
ring_size = 18.14;//[11.63:0,11.84:0.25,12.04:0.5,12.24:0.75,12.45:1,12.65:1.25,12.85:1.5,13.06:1.75,13.26:2,13.46:2.25,13.67:2.5,13.87:2.75,14.07:3,14.27:3.25,14.48:3.5,14.68:3.75,14.88:4,15.09:4.25,15.29:4.5,15.49:4.75,2215.9:5.25,16.1:5.5,16.31:5.75,16.51:6,16.71:6.25,16.92:6.5,17.12:6.75,17.32:7,17.53:7.25,17.73:7.5,17.93:7.75,18.14:8,18.34:8.25,18.54:8.5,18.75:8.75,18.95:9,19.15:9.25,19.35:9.5,19.56:9.75,19.76:10,19.96:10.25,20.17:10.5,20.37:10.75,20.57:11,20.78:11.25,20.98:11.5,21.18:11.75,21.39:12,21.59:12.25,21.79:12.5,22:12.75,22.2:13,22.4:13.25,22.61:13.5,22.81:13.75,23.01:14,23.22:14.25,23.42:14.5,23.62:14.75,23.83:15,24.03:15.25,24.23:15.5,24.43:15.75,24.64:16]

//CUSTOMIZER VARIABLES END

inner_diameter = ring_size;
inner_radius = inner_diameter/2;
font_scale = font_size/10;
spacing_factor = font_spacing/100;

translate([0,0,ring_width/2])
ring();

module ring() {

	if(ring_thickness == .8){
		difference(){

			difference(){

				translate([0,0,0])
					cylinder(r=inner_radius+ring_thickness,h=ring_width,$fn = 100,center = true);
				scale(font_scale)
					{
					writecylinder(OutterMessage,[0,0,0],((inner_radius+ring_thickness)/font_scale)+.1,ring_width,space=1.05+spacing_factor,rotate=0,up=.5,center = true,font = Font);
					mirror([1,0,0]) writecylinder(InnerMessage,[0,0,0],((inner_radius)/font_scale)-0.3,ring_width,space=1.10+spacing_factor,rotate=0,up=.5,center = true,font = Font);
					}
			}

			cylinder(r=inner_radius,h=ring_width+1,$fn = 100,center = true);
		}
	}
	else{
		difference(){

			difference(){

				translate([0,0,0])
					cylinder(r=inner_radius+ring_thickness,h=ring_width,$fn = 100,center = true);
				scale(font_scale)
					{
					writecylinder(OutterMessage,[0,0,0],
						(inner_radius+ring_thickness)/font_scale*1.01,ring_width,space=1.05+spacing_factor,
						rotate=0,up=.5,center = true,font = Font);
					//	Adding a mirror so it is readable
					//	Increasing the spacing, since it is inside
					//	Adjusted the radius so that it will cut into the interior of ring
					mirror([1,0,0])
					writecylinder(InnerMessage,[0,0,0],
						(inner_radius)/font_scale-0.25,ring_width,space=1.10+spacing_factor,
						rotate=0,up=.5,center = true,font = Font);
					}
			}

			cylinder(r=inner_radius,h=ring_width+1,$fn = 100,center = true);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Okay, I'd like to design a customizable honeycomb pencil holder, and I'm hoping you can help me with the OpenSCAD code. I want it to have a few key parameters that I can easily adjust.

First, I need to be able to control the size of each individual cell in the honeycomb. Let's call this parameter `cell_radius`. I'd like the code to draw a hexagon for each cell, and this radius will define the size of that hexagon.

Next, I need a parameter that controls the overall size of the honeycomb structure. This will determine how many cells there are from the center to the outer edge. Let’s call this `honeycomb_radius`. So, if `honeycomb_radius` is 3, there will be three layers of hexagons out from the center hexagon.

I also want to specify the thickness of the base of the pencil holder, which will be at the bottom of the cells. I'll call this parameter `floor_thickness`.

Finally, I need a way to specify the overall height of the pencil holder. Let's call this `height`.

I'd also like the top of the pencil holder to have a rounded cap that tapers nicely from the main body. The curvature of this cap should be dependent on the size of the honeycomb structure.

I'd like the design to be in OpenSCAD, using only the built-in functions (like `circle`, `linear_extrude`, `translate`, `difference`, `union`, and `sphere` and `cylinder`). I don't want to use any external libraries.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
honeycomb_pencil_holder.scad:
```
// Cell Radius
cell_radius = 8; //[5:100]
// Honeycomb Radius (hexes from center to outside of holder)
honeycomb_radius = 3; //[2:5]
// Floor Thickness
floor_thickness = 2; //[0:5]
// Height (Base height; may be adjusted by rounded top)
height = 50; //[1:150]

module hexagon(radius){
	circle(r=radius,$fn=6);
}

module cell(radius, height, floor_thickness){
	difference(){
		linear_extrude(height=height){hexagon(radius*1.2);} // base
		translate([0,0,floor_thickness]) linear_extrude(height=height){hexagon(radius*1.1);} // hole
	}
}

module translate_to_hex(x_coord, y_coord, hex_width){
	x = x_coord*hex_width*1.75;
	y = (2*y_coord*hex_width)+(x_coord*hex_width);
	translate([x, y, 0]){
		child(0);
	}
}

module rounded_cap(radius, hex_width, height){
	difference(){
		translate([0,0,height]) cylinder(r=3*hex_width*radius,h=height,center=true);
		translate([0,0,height/2]) scale([1,1,1/radius]) sphere(r=3*hex_width*radius,center=true);
	}
}

module pencil_holder(radius, hex_width, height, floor_thickness){
	difference(){
		union(){
			for(x = [-radius:radius]){
				for(y = [-radius:radius]){
					assign(z=0-x-y){
						if(max(abs(x),abs(y),abs(z))<=radius){
							translate_to_hex(x, y, hex_width) cell(hex_width, height, floor_thickness);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		rounded_cap(radius, hex_width, height);
	}
}

pencil_holder(honeycomb_radius, cell_radius, height, floor_thickness);
```