[User]
I'd like to create a customizable 3D model in OpenSCAD. I need two main parts: a cube and a cylinder with a cut-out.

The cube should have three dimensions that I can adjust: width (x), length (y), and height (z). I'd like to be able to specify these dimensions in the customizer, with the ability to set x to 5, 10, 15, or 20; y to 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30; and z to any integer between 0 and 30. There will be two cubes generated: one at the base and the other translated above. The first cube should use 'z_measurement' for the height, however the second cube will be raised by half of 'numerical_slider' units, and will have a height defined by 'numerical_slider'.

Then, I need a cylinder placed some distance behind and below the cube. It should be 50 units long with a radius of 10 units. However, I want to cut out a hollow cylinder from its center along its long axis. The hollow cylinder should be oriented so that its length is the same as the radius of the outer cylinder, and the cut should have a radius that I can adjust. I'd like to control this radius with a slider in the customizer, where the value is called 'eye' and it can range from 0 to 9. Specifically, the cutout cylinder should be rotated 90 degrees around the x axis to make it perpendicular to the main cylinder. The whole assembly should be built by a difference() to subtract the cylinder from the main cylinder. The main cylinder should be translated to a location behind and below the cube. The specific locations should be translated by a value of -25 units along both the Y and Z axis.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for me? I'm using standard OpenSCAD, so there is no need for any libraries.

[Assistant]
customizable_cube.scad:
```
//customizer test

//width
x_measurement=10; // [5, 10, 15, 20]

//length
y_measurement=10; // [5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30]

//height
numerical_slider = 10;	//	[0:30]

cube([x_measurement, y_measurement, z_measurement], center=true);

translate ([0, 0, numerical_slider/2])

//customizable cube
cube([x_measurement, y_measurement, numerical_slider], center=true);

// -end of cube-

//customizable cylinder

eye = 9; //[0:9]

difference()
{
translate([0,-25,-25])
	cylinder(50,10,10);
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(40, eye, eye);
}
```


[User]
I'm trying to make a customizable toy with two "eyes" on a body. The body is made from three cylinders joined together: two are vertical and one is horizontal. The two vertical cylinders are side-by-side, and the horizontal cylinder is centered and perpendicular to the other two. Then, I need to cut out two additional cylinders to make the eyes. These cylinders are also horizontal and perpendicular to the two vertical body cylinders, but are positioned offset so that the first eye is cut out of the leftmost vertical body cylinder and the second eye is cut out of the rightmost vertical cylinder.

I'd like to be able to adjust the size of the two eye cutouts, so I need two variables, `left_eye` and `right_eye`, that control the diameter of the cutouts. I'd also like to be able to control the length of the horizontal cylinder.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD file for me? I'd like to be able to adjust `left_eye`, `right_eye`, and the length of the horizontal cylinder, let's call that `horizontal_length`. Please ensure that all dimensions are correct.

Also, I'm assuming you'll need to use the basic OpenSCAD library.

[Assistant]
customizable_cube.scad:
```

//customizable cylinder

left_eye = 9; //[0:9]
right_eye = 9; //[0:9]

difference()
{
union(){
translate([0,-25,-25])
	cylinder(60,10,10);

translate([25,-25,-25])
	cylinder(60,10,10);

translate([-25,-25,0])
rotate([0, 90, 0])
	cylinder(80,10,10);
}
translate([0,-5,0])
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(40, left_eye, left_eye);

translate([25,0,0])
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(40, right_eye, right_eye);

}

```


[User]
Hi! I'm trying to design a parametric pumpkin for 3D printing, and I'd like your help with the OpenSCAD code.

The pumpkin should be mostly spherical, but with vertical bulges, almost like it's made of several segments joined together. It needs to be hollow inside, so I can put a tea light in it. I'd like to control the size of the pumpkin and the depth of the cavity inside using parameters.

Also, I need two cylindrical eye holes on the front, which can be moved and sized with parameters.  And then I'd also like a stem on top that I can adjust for length, twist, and thickness.

I was thinking it'd probably be easiest to start with a sphere, then use a series of other spheres and cylinders to add the bulges and cut out the inside space, and then do the eyes, and then finally the stem.

I'm not using any particular libraries like MCAD, but I'd like to see it done in a clean, modular way, maybe with functions for each part if that makes sense. I'm planning on using the customizer, so I want all the main dimensions to be adjustable.

Could you help me generate this code? Let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
hollow_pumpkin_working.scad:
```
//hollow pumpkin and stem

//eye size customizations
left_eye = 7; //[0:7]
right_eye = 7; //[0:7]

difference(){

union(){

//		hollow center start
difference(){
translate([0,0,-22])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);

translate([0,0,-23])
	cylinder (h=42, r=21);
}
//		hollow center end

//		left side
 difference(){
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right side
 difference(){
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		left side front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,55])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
}

//		left side back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-50])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-100])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-80])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-35])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,45])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		stem
difference(){
linear_extrude(height = 32, convexity = 2, twist = -400)
translate([1, -1, 0])
	circle(r = 3.5);

translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
}

}

//		left eye
translate([11,35,9])
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(23, left_eye, left_eye);

//		right eye
translate([-11,35,9])
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(23, right_eye, right_eye);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to create a calibration tool for my 3D printer, specifically one based on the size of a nickel. I've seen a few designs but want something more flexible and parametric so I can easily adjust it. I'm looking for a design that includes a test plate with a hole for a nickel, a second test plate rotated 90 degrees on the X and Y axis, and a slug to measure with calipers. I also want to be able to specify a tolerance for the hole, since my printer isn't super precise.

Here are the specifics:

1.  **Nickel Dimensions:** The design should use a nickel diameter of 21.2mm and a thickness of 1.76mm as the default dimensions but allow me to change these via parameters.
2.  **Test Plate:**  The primary part of the design will be a plate with a cutout for the nickel.  This plate will have a square base with rounded corners, created using the intersection of a circle and a square. The hole for the nickel should be circular, and its diameter should be a parameter-controlled amount larger than the nickel diameter. There should also be small notches along the X and Y axis on the plate to allow for measurements.
3.  **Rotated Plates:** I need two additional plates that are identical to the main one, but rotated by 90 degrees on the x and y axes, and placed such that they are roughly adjacent to the main plate.
4.  **Slug:** I need a cylindrical slug for measuring, with the same diameter as the nickel and a small notch on one side.  I’d like this to be generated as a separate piece.
5. **Tolerance Parameter:** The hole size should be adjustable using a tolerance parameter.
6.  **Modularity:** Please design this such that it's easy to reuse and change. I prefer this broken into modules, for example, a `plate()` module, a `slug()` module, and a `main()` module that puts it all together.

Could you create the OpenSCAD code for this? I'm hoping to use just base OpenSCAD without external libraries if possible.

[Assistant]
nickel_3d.scad:
```
// coin calibration thing

// remixed from "A Better Nickel Calibration Test" by "John" of thingiverse

// diameter of cdn nickel(21.2), USA(21.21), original test(2.2)
coin = 21.2;

// thickness of cdn nickel(1.76), USA(1.95)
th = 1.76;

// tolerance : use zero if you wish it may not be best for your system.
tolerance = 0.8;

// derived value(s)
// this is like the original nickel test

hole = coin + tolerance;

module plate() {
	linear_extrude(height=th) {
		difference() {
			intersection() {
				circle(r = coin * 2.1);
				square(coin * 1.75);
			}
			translate([coin, coin])
				circle(r = hole / 2);
			translate([coin / 5, coin / 2])
				square([th * 2, hole]);
			translate([coin / 2, coin / 5])
				square([hole, th * 2]);
		}
	}
}

$fs = 0.5;
$fa = 3;

// add notch on bottom plate in X direction
difference() {
	plate();
	translate([coin * 1.73, th * 4, th / 2])
		cylinder(r = coin / 10, h = th);
}
translate([0, th]) rotate([90, 0, 0]) plate();
translate([th, 0]) rotate([0, -90, 0]) plate();

// Make a slug to measure with your calipers.
// You do have calipers don't you?
// or just match it up to your coin
// added small notch in front X axis edge.
translate([0, -1.5 * coin, 0])
	difference() {
		cylinder(r = coin / 2, h = th);
		translate([coin * 0.45, 0, th / 2])
			cylinder(r = coin / 10, h = th);
	}

// original
//translate([0, 40, 0])
//	import("XYZ_nickel_Calibration_2.stl");

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a customizable hollow pumpkin model, and I'd like it to have a few specific features. I'd like to be able to select the shapes of the eyes, nose, and mouth from a few options, and adjust their sizes. I want it to be hollow so I can put a tea light inside, and I want the option to have a snaggle tooth. Finally, I need an option to have the face cut all the way through, or just have it look carved, but still be a solid piece.

For the shapes, I'd like:

*   **Eyes**: Circle, Triangle, Oval, or Square
*   **Nose**: Circle, Triangle, Oval, or Square
*   **Mouth**: Circle, Triangle, Rectangle, or Oval

And for the sizes I need individual adjustment for the left and right eye size, and then one size setting each for the nose and mouth.

Can you generate an OpenSCAD file or files that would allow me to adjust all of these parameters? I'd prefer to work with basic OpenSCAD primitives for the base geometry as much as possible rather than relying on libraries. I'm hoping for a clean, well-commented file that will be easy to modify in the future.

[Assistant]
hollow_pumpkin_working.scad:
```
//hollow pumpkin and stem
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

/* [Shapes] */
eye_shape = "eye_oval"; //[eye_circle: Circle Eyes, eye_triangle: Triangle Eyes, eye_oval: Oval Eyes, eye_square: Square Eyes]
nose_shape = "nose_circle"; //[nose_circle:Circle Nose, nose_triangle:Triangle Nose, nose_oval:Oval Nose, nose_square:Square Nose]
mouth_shape = "mouth_triangle"; //[mouth_circle: Circle Mouth, mouth_triangle:Triangle Mouth, mouth_rectangle:Rectangle Mouth, mouth_oval:Oval Mouth]

//**works best with large mouth sizes selected**
snaggle_tooth = "yes"; //[no, yes]

//Carve completely through?
carved = "no"; //[no, yes]

//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

/* [Sizes (Triangle Shapes not adjustable)] */

left_eye = 7; //[0:7]

right_eye = 7; //[0:7]

nose_size = 4; //[0:4]

mouth_size = 6; //[0:6]

//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
difference(){

union(){

//		hollow center start
difference(){
translate([0,0,-22])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);

translate([0,0,-23])
	cylinder (h=42, r=21);
}
//		hollow center end

//		left side
 difference(){
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20, $fn=200);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right side
 difference(){
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20,$fn=200);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		left side front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,55])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20, $fn=200);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
}

//		left side back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-50])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20, $fn=200);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-100])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20, $fn=200);

translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-80])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20, $fn=200);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-35])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20, $fn=200);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,45])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20, $fn=200);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		stem
difference(){
linear_extrude(height = 32, convexity = 2, twist = -400)
translate([1, -1, 0])
	circle(r = 3.5);

translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
}
}

//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

//~~~Eyes~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~***

if (eye_shape=="eye_triangle")
		{
	//triangle eyes
		translate([0,-10,27])
		rotate([90, 90, 0])
		linear_extrude(height = 25)
		polygon([[10,10.5],[20,5],[20,15]]);

	//triangle eyes
		translate([0,-35,27])
		rotate([0, 90, 90])
		linear_extrude(height = 25)
		polygon([[10,10.5],[20,5],[20,15]]);
		}

else if (eye_shape=="eye_circle")
	{
	//		left eye
	translate([11,0,11])
	rotate([90,0,0])
		cylinder(35, left_eye, left_eye);

	//		right eye
	translate([-11,0,11])
	rotate([90,0,0])
		cylinder(35, right_eye, right_eye);
	}

else if (eye_shape=="eye_oval")
	{
	//	left eye oval
	translate([11,0,11])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	scale([.8,1.1,1])
		cylinder(35, left_eye, left_eye);

	//	right eye oval
	translate([-11,0,11])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	scale([.8,1.1,1])
		cylinder(35, right_eye, right_eye);
	}

else if (eye_shape=="eye_square")
	{
	//	left eye square
	translate([6,-15,7])
	rotate([90,0,0])
		cube([9, left_eye, 19]);

	//	right eye square
	translate([-15,-15,7])
	rotate([90,0,0])
		cube([9, right_eye, 19]);
	}

//~~~Nose~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~***
//Customizable Nose Shapes
	if (nose_shape=="nose_circle")
	{
	//	nose_circle
	translate([0,-15,1])
	rotate([90,0,0])
		cylinder(23, nose_size, nose_size);
	}
	else if (nose_shape=="nose_square")
	{
		//nose_square
		translate([-3.5,-20,-2.5])
		rotate([90,0,0])
			cube([7,nose_size,17]);
	}
	else if (nose_shape=="nose_triangle")
	{
		//triangle nose
		translate([-10.5,-15,17])
		rotate([90, 90, 0])
		linear_extrude(height = 25)
		polygon([[10,10.5],[20,5],[20,15]]);
	}
	else if (nose_shape=="nose_oval")
	{
	//	nose_oval
	translate([0,-15,1])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	scale([.8,1.2,1])
		cylinder(23, nose_size, nose_size);
	}

//~~~Mouth~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~***
//Customizable Mouth Shapes
	if (mouth_shape=="mouth_circle")
	{
	//		circle mouth
	translate([0,-15,-12])
	rotate([90,0,0])
		cylinder(23, mouth_size, mouth_size);
	}
	else if (mouth_shape=="mouth_oval")
	{
	//		oval mouth
	translate([0,-10,-12])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	scale([1.7,1,1])
		cylinder(23, mouth_size, mouth_size);
	}
	else if (mouth_shape=="mouth_rectangle")
	{
		//		rectangle mouth
	translate([-9,-20,-15])
	rotate([90,0,0])
	scale([1.7,1.5,1])
		cube([11, mouth_size, 14]);
	}
	else if (mouth_shape=="mouth_triangle")
	{
		//triangle mouth
		translate([10,-15,-27])
		rotate([90, 270, 0])
		linear_extrude(height = 25)
		polygon([[12,10.5],[20,0],[20,20]]);
	}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//Guts
	//sphere to hollow out
	translate([0,0,-3.75])
	sphere(r=26, $fn=200);

	//sphere to hollow out face
	translate([0,2,2])
	scale([0,1.5,0])
	sphere(r=21, $fn=200);

	//sphere to hollow out face
	translate([0,1,3])
	scale([1.3, 1.4, .85])
	sphere(r=21, $fn=200);
	}

//~~~Teeth~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~***
//tooth
	if (snaggle_tooth=="yes")
	{
		translate([-6.5,-27,-10.5])
		rotate([80,-8,0])
			cube([5,6,4]);
	}
	else if (snaggle_tooth=="no"){
	}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//partially or completely carved

	if (carved=="no")
	{
	difference(){
//thin layer for face negative
	translate([0,-5,-1])
	scale([1.3, 1.2, 1.2])
	sphere(r=21, $fn=200);

//thin layer for face positve
	translate([0,-4,-2])
	scale([1.3, 1.2, 1.2])
	sphere(r=21, $fn=200);

//thin layer for face negative
	translate([0,-3,-2])
	scale([1.3, 1.2, 1.2])
	 sphere(r=21, $fn=200);
	}
	}
	else if (carved=="yes")
	{
	}

//~~~To Play~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

```


[User]
Hey! I'm looking for a parametric design for a window stopper, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD. I've seen some designs online but I want one that is fully customizable and includes the spring feature. I want to be able to adjust the overall height, width, and length of the base, as well as the spring's strength (thickness), and how much the base extends relative to the spring (base\_spring\_offset). Also I want to adjust the base's height independently of the main stopper height.

I'd like the stopper to have a cylindrical top that actually presses against the window. The spring should smoothly transition into the base. I would also like to be able to control the radius of this top cylinder.

The spring is made using a sine wave function and the spring's frequency should be adjustable. I'd also like to control the number of steps used to create the sine wave in order to adjust the smoothness of the spring.

I'm familiar with the basics of OpenSCAD. I have included a file called 'build\_plate.scad' which I would like to use. This should handle the display of a build plate for different 3D printers. I need to be able to choose between different printer types, and for the "Manual" selection be able to input my own build plate dimensions. This library already exists, I don't need to write that. Could you help me create these files? I think I'll need one main file, "window\_holder.scad", and then I've got the build\_plate.scad to include. Thanks!

[Assistant]
window_holder_v2.scad:
```
// Filename: window_stopper.scad
// Author: Steffen Pfiffner
// Date: 06/10/2014
// Email: s.pfiffner@gmail.com
// Web: http://www.thingiverse.com/FiveF

// Project: Parametric Window Stopper

use <build_plate.scad>

/* [Basic] */
//This is the height from your ledge to the bottom most part of your window. The total height will be the radius of the top cylinder higher than the given value to actually stop the window. If the spring isn't rendered in your stl try playing around with this value a bit.
height = 30.0;
width = 15.0;
length = 28.0;

//Thickness of the spring.
spring_strength = 2;

//Thickness of the baseplate
base_height = 5;

/* [Quality] */
//$fa is the minimum angle for a fragment. Even a huge circle does not have more fragments than 360 divided by this number. The default value is 12 (i.e. 30 fragments for a full circle). The minimum allowed value is 0.01. Any attempt to set a lower value will cause a warning.
$fa = 12;

//$fs is the minimum size of a fragment. Because of this variable very small circles have a smaller number of fragments than specified using $fa. The default value is 2. The minimum allowed value is 0.01. Any attempt to set a lower value will cause a warning.
$fs = 2;

//More steps make the curve surface smoother. Be careful, if this value is heigh compared to the height of the object the spring might not be rendered any more!!!
steps = height;

/* [Advanced] */
//If the bottom end of the spring is below or above the base it can be fixed here. (- down + up)
base_spring_offset = 0.0;

//Set the frequency of the spring. f(x) = sin(spring_frequency*x)
spring_frequency = 0.5;

cylinder_radius = 6.0;
base_width = width;
base_lenght = length;

/* [Hidden] */

//Add the cylinder radius to the given height to actually be able to hold the window.
total_height = height + cylinder_radius;

echo( "spring_strength" , spring_strength );
echo( "base_spring_offset" , base_spring_offset );
echo( "base_height" , base_height );
echo( "height" , height );
echo( "length" , length );

//Build plate:

//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 0; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

//Build plate END

// To render an example, remove the comments
pi = 3.1415926536;
e = 2.718281828;
// function to convert degrees to radians
function d2r(theta) = theta*360/(2*pi);

/* Cartesian equations */
/* Sine wave */
pi = 3.14159;
function _f(x) = (length/2-2)*sin((spring_frequency)*x);
function f(x) = _f(d2r(x));

//STOPPER START
translate([-height/2,0,width/2]){
	union(){
		rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0]){

			//sinus spring
			translate([-width/2,0,height]){
			rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0]){
				linear_extrude(height=width)
					2dgraph([0, height-spring_strength/2-base_spring_offset], spring_strength, steps=steps);
			}

			}

			//bottom cube
			translate([0,0,spring_strength/2]){
				cube([base_width,base_lenght,base_height], center = true);
			}

			//top cylinder
			translate([-width/2,0,height]){
				rotate(a=90, v=[0,1,0]){
					cylinder(h = width, r=cylinder_radius);
				}
			}

		}
	}
}
//STOPPER END

//2D library start

// These functions are here to help get the slope of each segment, and use that to find points for a correctly oriented polygon
function diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = cos(atan((y2-y1)/(x2-x1)) + 90)*(th/2);
function diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = sin(atan((y2-y1)/(x2-x1)) + 90)*(th/2);
function point1(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = [x1-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th), y1-diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)];
function point2(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = [x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th), y2-diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)];
function point3(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = [x2+diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th), y2+diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)];
function point4(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) = [x1+diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th), y1+diffy(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)];
function polarX(theta) = cos(theta)*r(theta);
function polarY(theta) = sin(theta)*r(theta);

module nextPolygon(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, th) {
	if((x2 > x1 && x2-diffx(x2, y2, x3, y3, th) < x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) || (x2 <= x1 && x2-diffx(x2, y2, x3, y3, th) > x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)))) {
		polygon(
			points = [
				point1(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point2(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				// This point connects this segment to the next
				point4(x2, y2, x3, y3, th),
				point3(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point4(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)
			],
			paths = [[0,1,2,3,4]]
		);
	}
	else if((x2 > x1 && x2-diffx(x2, y2, x3, y3, th) > x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th) || (x2 <= x1 && x2-diffx(x2, y2, x3, y3, th) < x2-diffx(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)))) {
		polygon(
			points = [
				point1(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point2(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				// This point connects this segment to the next
				point1(x2, y2, x3, y3, th),
				point3(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point4(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)
			],
			paths = [[0,1,2,3,4]]
		);
	}
	else {
		polygon(
			points = [
				point1(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point2(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point3(x1, y1, x2, y2, th),
				point4(x1, y1, x2, y2, th)
			],
			paths = [[0,1,2,3]]
		);
	}
}

module 2dgraph(bounds=[-10,10], th=2, steps=10, polar=false, parametric=false) {
	step = (bounds[1]-bounds[0])/steps;
	union() {
		for(i = [bounds[0]:step:bounds[1]-step]) {
			if(polar) {
				nextPolygon(polarX(i), polarY(i), polarX(i+step), polarY(i+step), polarX(i+2*step), polarY(i+2*step), th);
			}
			else if(parametric) {
				nextPolygon(x(i), y(i), x(i+step), y(i+step), x(i+2*step), y(i+2*step), th);
			}
			else {
				nextPolygon(i, f(i), i+step, f(i+step), i+2*step, f(i+2*step), th);
			}
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a parametric model of a mechanism that converts rotational motion into linear motion, kind of like a punching machine. I've seen a design that uses a rotating cam and linkages, and I'd like to be able to play around with different dimensions and positions for the pivots and arms. The existing model I have is functional, but I think I'd like to start from scratch for more control.

Specifically, I want the following:

*   **Core Mechanism:** The mechanism should have a rotating cam (driven by a motor), a connecting rod, and a final "punch" element that moves linearly. The rotating cam is the drive, and all other motion should be dependent on it. The design should utilize the principles of a linkage system.
*   **Parametric Design:** All dimensions and positions should be defined as parameters at the beginning of the file(s) so I can easily adjust them:
    *   `dpivot`: Diameter of the pivot points.
    *   `oeil_ep`: Offset from the pivot points for the eyelet.
    *   `camewidth`: Width of the cam.
    *   `epcame`: Thickness of the cam.
    *   `hpivot`: Height of the pivot cylinders.
    *   `epcase`: Thickness of the base plate.
    *   `Ax`, `Ay`: Coordinates of the main pivot (A).
    *   `Bx`, `By`: Coordinates of the motor pivot (B).
    *   `r1`: Radius of the motor cam (BC).
    *    `r2`: Length of the connecting rod (CE).
    *   `ra1`: Length of the upper linkage arm (AE).
    *   `ra2`: Length of the lower linkage arm (EG).
*   **Calculations:** I need the model to calculate the position of points C, E, and G based on the parameters:
    *   C: End of the rotating motor cam.
    *   E: The joint of the connecting rod and the linkage arm.
    *   G: The end of the final arm, the "punch" element.
    *   The calculations should account for the changing angle of the motor cam and update the positions of E and G accordingly.
*   **Visualization:** The model should include cylinders for pivots, rectangular cuboids for arms, and rondelles around joints, similar to my existing code.  The arms should have a circular end for attaching to the pivots.  The baseplate should be a solid piece connecting all pivots on a common plane.
*   **Animation:** I'd like the model to work correctly with OpenSCAD's animation feature (`$t` variable) to see the motion. It should smoothly move throughout one full rotation of the motor.
*   **No Library Dependancies:** I'm not looking for complex features, so I don't need any extra libraries like BOSL. It should all be basic OpenSCAD commands.

I think that's everything. Could you generate the necessary SCAD file(s) for this?

[Assistant]
rotopunch.scad:
```
$fs=0.3;
$fa=5;

dpivot=2;

oeil_ep=1;
camewidth=2;
epcame=1;
hpivot=epcame*4;
epcase=1.2;

a=$t*360;	//angle moteur
Ax=0;

Ay=40;	//pivot haut sur l'axe de translation (A)
Bx=20;

By=40;	//axe moteur (B)
r1=10;	//came moteur [BC]
r2=10*(sqrt(8)-1);	//bras de liaison moteur-coude [CE]
ra1=20;	//coude actionneur came haute [AE]
ra2=20;	//coude actionneur came basse [EG]

marge=r1;
Mx=max(Ax,Bx);
My=max(Ay,By);
Nx=min(Ax,Bx);
Ny=min(Ay,By);

Cx=Bx+r1*cos(a);Cy=By+r1*sin(a); //extremite came moteur (C)

dac=sqrt(pow(Ax-Cx,2)+pow(Ay-Cy,2)); //distance [AC]
dab=sqrt(pow(Ax-Bx,2)+pow(Ay-By,2)); //distance [AB]

//--- determiner point E (coude de l'actionneur) ----
//formule de Heron => aire de ACE
s=(ra1+r2+dac)/2; //demi somme des cotes
aire=sqrt(s*(s-ra1)*(s-r2)*(s-dac));
//hauteur de ACE base = AC
h=2*aire/dac; //mesure de la hauteur.
//soit F le pieds de la hauteur
dfc=sqrt(r2*r2-h*h); //distance entre C et pieds de la hauteur (pythagore)
fprop=dfc/dac;
Fx=Cx+(Ax-Cx)*fprop;Fy=Cy+(Ay-Cy)*fprop;
//soit W un vecteur orthogonal a AC
Wx=Cy-Ay;Wy=Ax-Cx;
Wl=sqrt(Wx*Wx+Wy*Wy);//Wl = norme de W
//point E : image de F par W renormé ( /Wl*h )
Ex=Fx+Wx/Wl*h;Ey=Fy+Wy/Wl*h;

//angle CE vs Horiz
HCE=180+atan2(Ey-Cy,Ex-Cx);
//angle AE vs Horiz
HAE=180+atan2(Ey-Ay,Ex-Ax);

//--- detrminer point G (extremité coté 'pointe' )
//on uilise le triangle rectangle d'hypotenuse EG
wy=sqrt(ra2*ra2-Ex*Ex);
Gx=0;Gy=Ey-wy;
//angle GE vs Horiz
HGE=atan2(Ey-Gy,Ex-Gx);

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
module rondelle(ep=epcame) {
   difference(){
		cylinder(d=dpivot+oeil_ep*2,h=ep);
		translate([0,0,-ep]) cylinder(d=dpivot*1.05,h=ep*3);
	}
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
module came(l=10,ep=epcame) {
  difference(){
	union() {
		translate([0,-camewidth/2,0]) cube([l,camewidth,ep]);
		cylinder(d=dpivot+oeil_ep*2,h=ep);
		translate([l,0,0]) cylinder(d=dpivot+oeil_ep*2,h=ep);
		}
	translate([0,0,-ep*2]) cylinder(d=dpivot*1.05,h=ep*4);
	translate([l,0,-ep*2]) cylinder(d=dpivot*1.05,h=ep*4);
	}
  }

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// -- pivots --

translate([Cx,Cy,0])	cylinder(d=dpivot,h=hpivot);	//pivot C
translate([Ex,Ey,0])	cylinder(d=dpivot,h=hpivot);	//pivot E
translate([Gx,Gy,-0.8])	cylinder(d=dpivot,h=hpivot);	//pivot G

translate([Cx,Cy,epcame]) rondelle();
translate([Ax,Ay,0]) rondelle();

translate([Bx,By,0])		rotate([0,0,a])		came(l=r1,ltop=2);
translate([Ex,Ey,2*epcame])	rotate([0,0,HCE])	came(l=r2);
translate([Ex,Ey,epcame])	rotate([0,0,HAE])	came(l=ra1,ltop=2,lcame=1);
translate([Gx,Gy,0])		rotate([0,0,HGE])	came(l=ra2);

//base plate. will need tailoring depending on axes and radii configuration
color([0.5,0.5,0.5])
{
translate([Ax,Ay,-0.5])	cylinder(d=dpivot,h=hpivot+0.5);	//pivot A
translate([Bx,By,-0.5])	cylinder(d=dpivot,h=hpivot/3+0.5);	//pivot B

difference()
{	hull() {
	translate([Mx,My,-epcase])cylinder(r=dpivot+marge,h=epcase);
	translate([Nx,Ny,-epcase])cylinder(r=dpivot+marge,h=epcase);
	translate([0,0,-epcase])cylinder(r=dpivot+marge,h=epcase);
	}
	translate([0.5*dpivot, -dpivot,-1])rotate([0,0,90])cube([ra1+ra2,dpivot,5]);
}
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create a parametric ball corner guard, something I can 3D print. I've been playing around with some designs, but I'd like to start fresh and get a more robust and customizable model.

Essentially, I need a corner guard that has a 90-degree internal corner. It should also have a rounded ball that's integrated into the corner, not just stuck on top. The degree to which the ball is integrated is important, and I'd like to control that. The design should include mounting holes, ideally two per side, and ideally those holes should have an offset so the screws won't interfere with each other. I'd like the option to disable those mounting holes in case I want to use glue instead.

Here are the parameters I'd like to control:

*   **`r`**: The radius of the ball.
*   **`t`**: The thickness of the corner guard material.
*   **`s`**: The diameter of the screw holes (or zero to disable them).
*   **`so`**: An offset value for the screw holes on each side, preventing them from colliding in the corner.
*   **`m`**: A factor that determines how much of the ball is integrated into the corner.  A higher value means more of the ball is inside of the corner, less is protruding.

I would like the overall design to use an intersection of rotated objects for the core solid and have all subtractions done after all intersections are combined.

I'm hoping you can provide me with a parametric OpenSCAD file that will accomplish this, using the parameters I've described. The file should use only standard openscad commands as much as possible, so no use of any libraries is needed.

[Assistant]
ballcorner.scad:
```

r = 15;    // [ 10 : 40 ]
t = 1.5;	  // [ 0.5 : 3.0 ]
s = 3.5;   // [ 0.0 : 6.0 ]
so = 0.00; // [ 0.0 : 0.2 ]
m = 0.85; // [ 0.7 : 1.0 ]
c = r/sin(45)/0.725+s+t;

echo( c );

intersection()
{
rotate( [ 45, -asin( 1 / sqrt( 3 ) ), 0 ] )
difference()
{
	union()
	{
		cube( [ c, c, c ], center = true );
		translate( [ 1, 1, 1 ]*(c/2+r/2-r*m) )
			rotate( [ -asin( 1 / sqrt( 3 ) ), 45, 0 ] )
		//	rotate( [ 180, 0, 90 ] )
		//	cylinder( r1 = r, r2 = 0, h = r*2, $fn = 3 );
			sphere( r = r, center = true );

	}

		rotate( [ 0, 0, 0 ] )
			translate( [ 0, 0, 1 ] * c/2 ) rotate( [ 0, 0, 45 ] )
				translate( [ 1,0, 0 ] * (t+s*0.5) )
					for ( a = [ -1, +1 ] ) translate( (a+so)*[0,1,0] * c/2*0.7 )
					cylinder( r = s/2, h = c, center = true );
		rotate( [ 270, 0, 0 ] )
			translate( [ 0, 0, 1 ] * c/2 ) rotate( [ 0, 0, 270+45 ] )
				translate( [ 1,0, 0 ] * (t+s*0.5) )
					for ( a = [ -1, +1 ] ) translate( (a+so)*[0,1,0] * c/2*0.7 )				cylinder( r = s/2, h = c, center = true );
		rotate( [ 0, 90, 0 ] )
			translate( [ 0, 0, 1 ] * c/2 ) rotate( [ 0, 0, 90+45 ] )
				translate( [ 1,0, 0 ] * (t+s*0.5) )
					for ( a = [ -1, +1 ] ) translate( (a+so)*[0,1,0] * c/2*0.7 )					cylinder( r = s/2, h = c, center = true );

	cube( [ c-t*2, c-t*2, c-t*2 ], center = true );
}
translate( [ 0, 0, c*0.27+100 ] ) cube( 200, center = true );
}

/*
difference()
{
	union()
	{
		translate( [ 0, 0, h ] )
			sphere( r = r, center = true );
		translate( [ 0, 0, h/2 ] )
			cylinder( r1 = r2, r2 = 0, h = h, center = true, $fn = 3 );
	}

	translate( [ 0, 0, h/2-d*sqrt(2) ] )
		cylinder( r1 = r2, r2 = 0, h = h, center = true, $fn = 3 );

	for ( a = [ 0, 120, 240 ] ) rotate( a+60, [ 0, 0, 1 ] )
		translate( [ r2*cos(60), 0, 0 ] )
			rotate( [ 0, 60, 0 ] )
				translate( [ -1.25*s, 0, 0 ] )
			cylinder( r = s/2, h = d*3, center = true );
}
*/

/*
//rotate( [ 45, 0, 0 ] ) rotate( 30, [ 0, 1, -1 ] )
{color( "red" ) cube( [ 50, 0.1, 0.1 ], center = true );
color( "green" ) cube( [ 0.1, 50, 0.1 ], center = true );
color( "blue" ) cube( [ 0.1, 0.1, 50 ], center = true );
}
//translate( [ 3, 0, 0 ] )
//rotate( [ 45, 0, 0 ] ) rotate( 33, [ 0, 1, -1 ] )
//translate( [ 4, -5, -5 ] )
color( "snow" ) cube( 20, center = true );
*/
```


[User]
I'd like to create a customizable hollow pumpkin model in OpenSCAD. I've been playing around with a design, but I want to make it more parametric so I can easily adjust the features.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Overall Shape:** The pumpkin should be built from a series of intersecting, scaled spheres with hollow interiors, similar to how my current code does it. The center section needs to be hollowed out to create the main interior space. I'd like to be able to adjust the size of the center hollow using a radius parameter.

*   **Eye Holes:** I want circular eye holes that I can adjust in size (diameter). I also want to specify their vertical position on the pumpkin's face. There should be a left and a right eye, each independently sized and positioned.

*   **Nose:** I want to be able to choose between a circular or square nose. Both the circle's radius and the square's side length should be adjustable. The vertical position should also be adjustable.

*  **Mouth:** A circular mouth that is also adjustable in size and vertical position.

*   **Stem:** The stem should be a twisted, elongated shape. I want to be able to adjust the height, twist amount, and radius of the base of the stem.

*   **Hollowing:** I want a parameter that controls how deep the hollow space goes into the face of the pumpkin, like the spheres in the code I'm currently using.

Can you generate an OpenSCAD file or files that includes all of these parameters? I'm not using any special libraries right now but would be open to suggestions if it makes this easier.

[Assistant]
hollow_pumpkin_working.scad:
```
//hollow pumpkin and stem

//left eye size
left_eye = 7; //[0:7]

//right eye size
right_eye = 7; //[0:7]

//nose size
nose_circle = 4; //[0:4]

//nose size
nose_square = 7; //[0:7]

nose_shape = "nose_square"; //[nose_circle:Circle Nose,nose_square:Square Nose]

//mouth size
mouth = 6; //[0:6]

difference(){

union(){

//		hollow center start
difference(){
translate([0,0,-22])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);

translate([0,0,-23])
	cylinder (h=42, r=21);
}
//		hollow center end

//		left side
 difference(){
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right side
 difference(){
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		left side front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,55])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
}

//		left side back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-50])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-100])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-80])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right front
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,-35])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		right back
 difference(){
 rotate([0,0,45])
 scale([1.15, 1, 1.25])
 translate([-9, 0, 0])
	sphere(r=20);

 translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
 }

//		stem
difference(){
linear_extrude(height = 32, convexity = 2, twist = -400)
translate([1, -1, 0])
	circle(r = 3.5);

translate([0,0,-26])
	cylinder (h=40, r=22);
}

}

//		left eye
translate([11,0,11])
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(35, left_eye, left_eye);

//		right eye
translate([-11,0,11])
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(35, right_eye, right_eye);

if (nose_shape=="nose_circle")
{
//	nose_circle
translate([0,-15,1])
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(23, nose_circle, nose_circle);
}

else if (nose_shape=="nose_square")
{
	//nose_square
	translate([-3.5,-26,-2.5])
	rotate([90,0,0])
		cube(7, nose_square, nose_square);

}

//		circle mouth
translate([0,-15,-12])
rotate([90,0,0])
	cylinder(23, mouth, mouth);

//sphere to hollow out
translate([0,0,-3.75])
sphere(r=26);

//sphere to hollow out face
translate([0,2,2])
scale([0,1.5,0])
sphere(r=21);

//sphere to hollow out face
translate([0,1,3])
scale([1.3, 1.4, .85])
sphere(r=21);
}

//		oval mouth with teeth -start of
	//translate([0,35,-12])
	//rotate([90,0,0])
	//scale([1.7,1,1])
		//cylinder(23,6,6);

//		oval mouth
	//translate([0,35,-12])
	//rotate([90,0,0])
	//scale([1.7,1,1])
		//cylinder(23, mouth, mouth);

//triangle eyes
	//translate([0,30,30])
	//rotate([90, 90, 0])
	//linear_extrude(height = 50)
	//polygon([[10,12.5],[15,10],[15,15]]);

	//translate([0,10,30])
	//rotate([0, 90, 90])
	//linear_extrude(height = 20)
	//polygon([[10,12.5],[15,10],[15,15]]);

```


[User]
I'm looking to create a design for 3D printable rock climbing holds, and I need an OpenSCAD file or set of files to do it. I want them to be parametric so I can easily adjust the size, shape, and difficulty. I've got a decent idea of what I'm aiming for, but I need some help coding it.

Essentially, the hold should be generated by randomly placing a number of spheres within a cylinder, and then using the hull function to wrap them all together into a single rock-like shape. The spheres should have a Gaussian distribution for their radii, depending on their distance from the center of the cylinder. Spheres closer to the edge of the cylinder should be smaller. I need to be able to adjust how sharply the size of the spheres drops off with distance from center with a parameter (let's call it "a"). I also want to be able to control how many spheres are used.

The rock should have a flat bottom, which is created by cutting off the bottom of the rock with a cube. The thickness of the rock should change depending on a "difficulty" parameter, so thinner holds for harder climbs. I want a through-hole for mounting the hold with a bolt, and a countersink for the bolt head. The diameter of the bolt hole and the diameter of the countersink should be adjustable. I need to be able to change the seed for the random placement of the spheres, so I can reproduce the same hold if desired.

I'd like to be able to have a testing mode which allows faster previewing, at the cost of lower resolution. In testing mode, I'd also like a reference copy of the complete (uncut) rock to be displayed, along with a wireframe cylinder that shows the maximum bounds of the generated sphere placement.

In terms of libraries, I don't need anything too fancy. Just the core OpenSCAD functionality for primitives, hull, and boolean operations.

Also, I'm curious how you might approach some things that are difficult given OpenSCAD's limitations. For example, I'd like the bolt hole to be centered in the hold, but I understand that OpenSCAD can't dynamically calculate the center of an arbitrary shape. Maybe you have an elegant solution that I've overlooked. I'd also eventually like to be able to more finely control the countersink depth, but I think I understand the limitation there too.

So to recap, here's what I need:

*   A parametric rock climbing hold generator.
*   Random sphere placement within a cylinder, wrapped by a hull function.
*   Gaussian sphere size distribution based on distance from the center.
*   A parameter to control the size falloff of the sphere size.
*   Adjustable number of spheres.
*   Flat bottom with adjustable thickness based on a difficulty parameter.
*   Through-hole and countersink for a mounting bolt, both with adjustable diameters.
*   Adjustable seed for random sphere placement.
*   Testing mode with lower resolution preview, reference rock, and cylinder bounds.
*   Solutions to center the bore in the hold, if you have any ideas, and adjustable countersink depth (understanding OpenSCAD limitations).

Can you help me with this?

[Assistant]
Rock_climbing_hold.scad:
```
//Customizable Rock Climbing Hold v1.2
//v1 had 125 views and 11 downloads
//v1.1 had 16 views and 4 downloads
//Created by Ari M. Diacou, October 2014
//Shared under Creative Commons License: Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0)
//see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

// preview[view:north west, tilt:top diagonal]

//Maximum(ish) size of hold in mm
Dmax=120;
//Changes hold thickness based on climb difficulty
difficulty=5.7;//[5.4,5.5,5.6,5.7,5.8,5.9,"5.10"]
//A way to save your random arrangement
seed=20;
//Diameter of the socket wrench you will tighten your bolt with in mm
head_diameter=26;
//Diameter of the hole that the bolt will fit into in mm
bore_diameter=10;
//number of spheres
n=12;
//Parameter for scaling of element sizes (smaller makes spikier rocks)
a=7;//[1:10]
//Changes curviness of rocks ($fn= 4 or 20) and adds an uncut reference rock
testing_mode=false;

                 /*[Hidden]*/

///////////////// Variables ///////////////////////
Rmax=Dmax/2;
vector=rands(0,1,3*n,seed);
//Figures how thin to make the hold based on the desired difficulty of the route
z_adjustment = (difficulty=="5.10" || difficulty-5.1<.04) ?
	-0.4 :
	(difficulty-5.7)*(-4/3);
//Use lower resolution in testing mode for speed
$fn= testing_mode ? 4 : 20;

///////////////////Main()/////////////////////////
hold(vector);

//A bunch of other testing/debugging options
if(testing_mode){
	//Reference copy, uncomment to see whole rock
	translate([3*Rmax,0,0]) rock(vector);
	translate([3*Rmax,0,0]) show_space();
	echo(str("For difficulty of ",difficulty," the z adjustment is: ",z_adjustment));
	}

/////////////////Functions///////////////////////
module hold(vector_of_n_random_triplets){
	difference(){
		translate([0,0,Rmax*z_adjustment])
			rock(vector_of_n_random_triplets);
		//Remove the bottom to give a flat base
		translate([0,0,-Rmax*1.5])
			cube(Rmax*3,center=true);
		//Drill a hole for the bolt
		cylinder(r=bore_diameter/2,h=4*Rmax,center=true,$fn=20);
		//Counter-sink for the bolt head
		translate([0,0,Rmax*(0.5+z_adjustment)]) //0.68 is an average because I cant
			if(testing_mode){
				#cylinder(r=head_diameter/2,h=Rmax,$fn=20);}
			else{
				cylinder(r=head_diameter/2,h=Rmax,$fn=20);}
		}
	}

module rock(vector_of_n_random_triplets){
	v=vector_of_n_random_triplets;
	hull(){
		for(i=[0:n-1]){ //For each i, pass a triplet to module element()
			element([v[i],v[i+1],v[i+2]]);
			}
		}
	}

module element(v){
	//Sets up a sphere of radius R randomly placed in a cylinder
	//a triplet of random [0,1] numbers are converted to a cylindrical triplet
	//the cylinder has a radius of Rmax, and a height of Rmax

	//Coordinates of a sphere in cylindrical coordinates
	r=Rmax*v[0];
	theta=360*v[1];
	z=(v[2]-0.5)*Rmax;
	//But OpenSCAD thinks in cartesian
	y=r*sin(theta);
	x=r*cos(theta);
	/*We have to wrap/hull() all of these spheres to make a rock. To make it aesthetically convincing, spheres at the edges of the allowed range should be smaller than those placed towards the center. I chose a gaussian distribution of sphere radius as a function of r/Rmax, which is simply v[0]. */
	R=.5*Rmax*exp(-v[0]*v[0]/(a/10));
	translate([x,y,z]) sphere(R);
	}

module show_space(){
	//makes a transparent highlighted cylinder spanning the space that
	//element()s can be placed in.
	%# cylinder(2*Rmax,r=Rmax,center=true, $fn=40);
	}
```


[User]
I need a parametric OpenSCAD design for a case to hold an 8-channel relay module. The module's dimensions are approximately 72.5mm wide, 91mm long, and 22.5mm high. The case needs to have rounded corners, with a corner radius that I'd like to control.

The case should have a floor that's 1.5mm thick, and the case walls should have a thickness of 2mm. I want to control the case corner radius as a parameter.

Also, I need a ridge that runs around the inside of the case near the top, to support the lid. This ridge should be 0.5mm high and recessed into the shell by 1mm.

There need to be two cutouts. The first cutout is for the screw terminals. I'd like that to be 66mm long and 9mm high, and it should be offset from the bottom case wall by 5mm and from the floor of the case by 10mm. The second cutout is for the digital IO pins. It should be 4mm high, 28mm wide, and offset from the floor of the case by 3mm, also, I'm pretty sure it only needs to be recessed into the box by the wall thickness.

I’d like all of these dimensions to be customizable parameters, and I'd like to use a `roundedRect` module from a library to make the main case shape; I don't want to have to define my own rounded rectangle module. I don't care which specific library, but I'd prefer it if you picked a commonly used one that includes that functionality. And make sure the main file is parametrically adjustable with text boxes, just like the existing SCAD file.

[Assistant]
8_channel_relay_case.scad:
```
//include <C__fakepath_roundedrect.scad>

/*
 * "8 channel relay case.scad"
 *
 * Written by mattdurr @ Thingiverse
 *
 * This script is licensed under the Public Domain license.
 *
 *
 */

// because this case has rounded corners it has a different internal width and length to the object in it.
// but all we care about is the object in it, the rest is automatic

//all dimentions in mm

/* [Case] */

//Width of the object in the box
object_Width_text_box = 72.5;
//Length of the object in the box
object_Length_text_box = 91;
//Height of the object in the box, the box will match this
object_Height_text_box = 22.5;
//Depth of the floor layer
floor_Depth_text_box = 1.5;
//Width of the boxes shell
shell_Width_text_box = 2;
//The radius of the boxes corners
corner_Radius_text_box = 5;

//Ridge depth down the side of the case
ridge_Height_text_box = 0.5;
//Ridge depth into the shell
ridge_Depth_text_box = 1;

//Length of the screw terminal window
screw_Terminal_Window_Length_text_box = 66;
//Width of the screw terminal window
screw_Terminal_Window_Height_text_box = 9;
//Screw terminal window offset from bottom case wall
screw_Terminal_Window_Wall_Offset_text_box = 5;
//Screw terminal window offset from floor
screw_Terminal_Window_Floor_Offset_text_box = 10;

// I added an IO window for my board because I soldered a female header under the male IO
//Height of the IO window
io_Window_Height_text_box = 4;
//Width of the IO window
io_Window_Width_text_box = 28;
//Floor Offset of the IO window
io_Window_Offset_From_Floor_text_box = 3;

/* [Hidden] */

caseWidth = object_Width_text_box + (2 * shell_Width_text_box);
caseLength = object_Length_text_box + (2 * shell_Width_text_box);
caseHeight = object_Height_text_box + floor_Depth_text_box;

//visualize the object
//color("red") translate([0,0,(object_Height_text_box/2)+floor_Depth_text_box]) cube(size = [object_Width_text_box, object_Length_text_box, object_Height_text_box], center = true);

/* THE FOLLOWING SECTION WAS TAKEN FROM http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:9347 */
/* I AM EMBEDDING THIS HERE SO THAT I CAN USE THE CUSTOMIZER ON THINGIVERSE */

// You could simply do it this way if you have the boxes.scad
// file in your library
//use <boxes.scad>
//roundedBox([20, 30, 40], 5, true);

// Or, you could do it this way if you want to roll your own
//roundedRect([20, 30, 40], 5, $fn=12);

// size - [x,y,z]
// radius - radius of corners
module roundedRect(size, radius)
{
	x = size[0];
	y = size[1];
	z = size[2];

	linear_extrude(height=z)
	hull()
	{
		// place 4 circles in the corners, with the given radius
		translate([(-x/2)+(radius/2), (-y/2)+(radius/2), 0])
		circle(r=radius);

		translate([(x/2)-(radius/2), (-y/2)+(radius/2), 0])
		circle(r=radius);

		translate([(-x/2)+(radius/2), (y/2)-(radius/2), 0])
		circle(r=radius);

		translate([(x/2)-(radius/2), (y/2)-(radius/2), 0])
		circle(r=radius);
	}
}

/* END OF BORROWED SECTION */

difference()
{
  //outer shell
  roundedRect([caseWidth, caseLength, caseHeight], corner_Radius_text_box, true);

  //inner volume
  translate([0,0,floor_Depth_text_box]) roundedRect([object_Width_text_box, object_Length_text_box, object_Height_text_box], corner_Radius_text_box, true);

  //ridge
  translate([0,0,caseHeight-ridge_Height_text_box]) roundedRect([caseWidth-(2*ridge_Depth_text_box), caseLength-(2*ridge_Depth_text_box), ridge_Height_text_box], corner_Radius_text_box, true);

  //ac connectors
  translate([0, ((object_Length_text_box/2)-(screw_Terminal_Window_Length_text_box/2))-screw_Terminal_Window_Wall_Offset_text_box, screw_Terminal_Window_Floor_Offset_text_box + floor_Depth_text_box]) cube(size = [caseWidth+(2*corner_Radius_text_box), screw_Terminal_Window_Length_text_box, screw_Terminal_Window_Height_text_box], center = true);

  //io connectors
  translate([0, -(object_Length_text_box/2)-(corner_Radius_text_box/2)-(shell_Width_text_box/2), io_Window_Offset_From_Floor_text_box+floor_Depth_text_box]) cube(size = [io_Window_Width_text_box, shell_Width_text_box, io_Window_Height_text_box], center = true);

}
```


[User]
I'd like a custom tray designed, something I can use on the couch. It needs to be parametric so I can adjust the size and features. I'm thinking it should have a raised edge, like a shallow box, and have the option for one or two drink holders. I'd also like to be able to engrave some text on the bottom.

Here's what I'm looking for in terms of parameters:

**Tray Dimensions:**
*   `tray_width`: The overall width of the tray.
*   `tray_length`: The overall length of the tray.
*   `tray_height`: The height of the raised edge around the tray.
*   `tray_wall`: The thickness of the raised edge walls.
*   `tray_base`: The thickness of the tray's base.
*   `corner_radius`: The radius of the corners on the tray, for a rounded look.

**Drink Holders:**
*   `drink_number`: An integer of 0, 1 or 2, representing no drink holders, one drink holder, or two drink holders, respectively.
*   `drink_radius`: The radius of the drink holder's interior circle. Should fit the base of a cup.
*   `drink_wall`: The thickness of the drink holder's wall.
*  `drink_height`: The height of the drink holder wall.
*   `margin`: A small allowance between the cup and the drink holder wall, to allow the cup to fit comfortably.

**Text:**
*   `include_writing`: A boolean (or maybe a string that can be set to "include" or "exclude") to control whether or not text is added.
*   `writing`: The actual text to engrave.
*   `font_height`: The height of the text.
*   `font_depth`: The depth of the engraving, should be equal to or greater than tray_base.

I imagine you'll need some kind of library to generate the text, please make sure you use the Write.scad library for that. I don't think I need to include it since it's a pretty common library.

Please provide me with the `.scad` file(s) needed to generate this.

[Assistant]
Couch_Spud.scad:
```
/********************************************************************************************************
COUCH SPUD | Customisable Tray Designed by: Mike Thompson 5/12/2013, http://www.thingiverse.com/mike_linus
V2 Updated 5/10/2014 by Mike Thompson: fully customisable version

Licensing: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Australia License.  Further information is available here - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/au/deed.en_GB

Couch Spud is a simple and effective customisable tray.

Key features include:
- fully customisable
- drink holder/s to stop cups slipping
- words/letters can be engraved on the base

The tray is particularly useful for couch potatoes when you need a tray for your drink, food and remote but only have an arm rest or some limited space available.

Enjoy!
********************************************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************
Enter the values corresponding to your tray requirements in this section
***************************************************************************/

/* [Tray Dimensions] */

//The width of the tray
tray_width     		= 198;
//The length of the tray (note: if creating a long rectangular tray, reduce the width rather than length to preserve the correct placement of writing)
tray_length     		= 198;
//The height of the outer perimeter walls
tray_height     		= 15;
//The thickness of the outer perimeter walls
tray_wall     		= 2.5;
//The thickness of the base
tray_base     		= 3;
//The radius of the tray corners
corner_radius   		= 20;

/* [Drink Holders] */

//Number of Drink Holders
drink_number			= 1;	//[0,1,2]
//The radius of the drink holder (use exact measurement of largest drink cup base)
drink_radius			= 45;
//The thickness of the drink holder wall
drink_wall  			= 2;
//The height of the drink holder wall
drink_height  		= 2;
//Allowance margin for cup fit (space between cup base and wall)
margin				= 0.5;

/* [Writing] */

//Generate writing on tray
include_writing		= "include";//[include,exclude]
//Letters or words to write
writing				= "My Tray";
//Size of font
font_height			= 15;
//Depth of engraving. Use a font depth equal or larger than the thickness of the tray base to punch through
font_depth			= 1;

include <write/Write.scad> //library to enable text to be added

//Curve resolution
$fn=100;

//module to build the basic tray
module base() {
	difference(){
		hull(){
			cylinder(r=corner_radius,h=tray_height);
			translate([tray_width-(corner_radius * 2),tray_length-(corner_radius * 2),0])cylinder(r=corner_radius,h=tray_height);
			translate([0,tray_length-(corner_radius * 2),0])cylinder(r=corner_radius,h=tray_height);
			translate([tray_width-(corner_radius * 2),0,0])cylinder(r=corner_radius,h=tray_height);
		}
		hull(){
			translate([0,0,tray_base])cylinder(r=corner_radius-tray_wall,h=tray_height);
			translate([tray_width-(corner_radius * 2),tray_length-(corner_radius * 2),tray_base])cylinder(r=corner_radius-tray_wall,h=tray_height);
			translate([0,tray_length-(corner_radius * 2),tray_base])cylinder(r=corner_radius-tray_wall,h=tray_height);
			translate([tray_width-(corner_radius * 2),0,tray_base])cylinder(r=corner_radius-tray_wall,h=tray_height);
		}
	}
}

//module to build the drink holder/s
module drink() {
	difference() {
		difference() {
			cylinder(r=drink_radius+drink_wall+margin,h=drink_height);
			cylinder(r=drink_radius+margin,h=drink_height+0.1);
		}
		cube([drink_radius+drink_wall,drink_radius+drink_wall,drink_wall+0.1]);
	}
}

//build the final object
difference() {
	union() {
		base();
		if(drink_number>0) {
			translate([drink_radius+drink_wall+margin-corner_radius,drink_radius+drink_wall+margin-corner_radius,tray_base])rotate(180)drink();
		}
		if(drink_number>1) {
			translate([tray_width-corner_radius-drink_radius-drink_wall-margin,drink_radius+drink_wall+margin-corner_radius,tray_base])rotate(270)drink();
		}
	}
	if(include_writing=="include") {
		translate([tray_width/2-corner_radius,tray_length*2/3,tray_base])rotate(180)write(writing,h=font_height,t=font_depth*2,center=true);
	}
}
```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric plant pot with drainage holes. It should have a conical body, a brim at the top, and slats at the bottom that create the drainage gaps.

Here are the key parameters I need to control:

*   **Overall Height:** The total height of the pot.
*   **Top Diameter:** The outer diameter of the pot at the top, including the brim.
*   **Bottom Diameter:** The outer diameter at the bottom where the slats are located.
*   **Wall Thickness:** The thickness of the pot's body, including the slats.
*   **Brim Height:** The height of the lip/brim at the top of the pot.
*   **Brim Thickness:** The thickness of the brim.
*  **Drainage Slat Height:** How high the slats at the bottom raise the pot from the ground
*   **Drainage Hole Size:** The edge length of the square drainage holes.
*   **Number of Slats:** The number of drainage slats around the bottom.

The pot should be a cone shape tapering from the top diameter to the bottom diameter. The drainage slats should be raised a small amount, allowing for gaps between them to allow for water to drain. The drainage holes should be square and go through both the drainage slats and any roof structure above them to allow for maximum water flow. The brim should be a thick lip at the top, extending from the top diameter down the pot. The brim should have a smooth round edge, with the outer radius being at the given top diameter.

I'd like the design to be robust and easily customizable via the parameters. Please generate the necessary OpenSCAD file(s) to accomplish this. I do not need any specific libraries such as MCAD or BOLTS for this particular object.

[Assistant]
Simple_Plant_Pot.scad:
```
// Total height of the pot
height = 110;

// Diameter at the top / outer diameter of the brim
outer_diameter_top = 140;

// Diameter at the bottom / diameter of the slats
outer_diameter_bottom = 100;

// Thickness of the body of the pot, including the slats
wall_thickness = 1.5;

// Height of the brim
brim_height = 10;

// Thickness of the brim - preferrably more than the wall thickness
brim_thickness = 4; // [2:10]

// Height of the slats / elevation of the drainage holes
drainage_slat_height = 5; // [0:20]

// Edge length of the square drainage holes.
drainage_holes_size = 3; // [1:20]

// Number of slats.
number_of_slats = 24; // [4:24]

module pot()
{
	$fn=180;
	outer_radius_bottom = outer_diameter_bottom / 2;
	pot_cone_height = height+2*wall_thickness-brim_height-drainage_slat_height;
	pot_cone_radius = outer_diameter_top/2+wall_thickness/2-brim_thickness/2;

	union()
	{
		difference()
		{
			union()
			{
				difference()
				{
					translate([0,0,drainage_slat_height])
						cylinder( h = pot_cone_height, r2 = pot_cone_radius, r1 = outer_diameter_bottom/2 );

					union()
					{
						difference()
						{
							translate([0,0,wall_thickness + drainage_slat_height])
								cylinder( h = pot_cone_height,
										  r2 = pot_cone_radius - wall_thickness,
										  r1 = outer_diameter_bottom/2 - wall_thickness);

							slatsRoofDie( wall_offset = -wall_thickness );
						}
						slatsRoofDie( wall_offset = 0 );
					}
				}
				slats();
			}
			drainageHolesDie();
		}
		brim();
	}

}

module singleDrainageHole()
{
	translate( [outer_diameter_bottom/2 - 1.5*drainage_holes_size, 0, drainage_slat_height] )
	union()
	{
		// pierces through the slats and the roofs above them horizontally
		rotate( 45, [0,1,0] )
			cube( [ drainage_holes_size,
					outer_diameter_bottom * PI / number_of_slats,
					drainage_holes_size ],
				  center = true );
		// pierces through the roof vertically to make sure that the hole is as big as specified
		rotate( 45, [0,0,1] )
		translate( [-drainage_holes_size/2, -drainage_holes_size/2, 0 ] )
			cube( [ drainage_holes_size,
					drainage_holes_size,
					outer_diameter_bottom * PI / number_of_slats ] );
	}
}

module drainageHolesDie()
{
	union()
	{
		for( slat_n = [ 0 : number_of_slats - 1  ] )
		{
			rotate(slat_n*360/number_of_slats, [ 0, 0, 1 ] )
				singleDrainageHole();
		}
	}
}

module singleSlatRoofDie( wall_offset )
{
	tilt = asin(tan(180/number_of_slats)); // don't even ask...
	roofVOffsetForWallThickness = (wall_thickness/2); // not correct, but good enough small tilt angles.
	cube_size = 2*outer_diameter_bottom;
	cube_diameter = PI*outer_diameter_bottom/number_of_slats;

	rotate( 180/number_of_slats, [0,0,1] ) 			// rotate between two slats
	translate( [0,0,drainage_slat_height - roofVOffsetForWallThickness] ) 	// raise such that it aligns with the slats
	rotate(tilt, [0,1,0]) 							// tilt such that the angle of horizontal intersection equals the slat angle
	rotate( -90-45, [1,0,0]) 						//let the box hang down at one edge on the x-axis
	translate( [-outer_diameter_bottom/1.5, 0, 0 ] ) 					// center on the x-axis
	translate( [wall_offset, wall_offset, wall_offset] ) 			// apply specified wall thickness
		cube( [cube_size, cube_diameter, cube_diameter] );
}

// Original version of building the slats roof , using union over for-loop
// This was way too slow, probably due to the n-fold intersection points at the center.
// The workaround is to unify the slat roofs recursively in adjacent pairs by bisecting the full range.
//module slatsRoofDie( wall_offset )
//{
//	union()
//	{
//		for( slat_n = [ 0 : number_of_slats - 1  ] )
//		{
//			rotate(slat_n*360/number_of_slats, [ 0, 0, 1 ] )
//				singleSlatRoofDie( wall_offset);
//		}
//	}
//}

module slatsRoofDie( wall_offset )
{
	slatsRoofDieRange( wall_offset, 0, number_of_slats - 1 );
}

module slatsRoofDieRange( wall_offset, n_from, n_to )
{
	n_middle = floor( (n_from + n_to ) / 2);
	if( n_from >= n_to )
	{
		rotate(n_from*360/number_of_slats, [ 0, 0, 1 ] )
			singleSlatRoofDie( wall_offset );
	}
	else
	{
		union()
		{
			slatsRoofDieRange( wall_offset = wall_offset, n_from = n_from, n_to = n_middle );
			slatsRoofDieRange( wall_offset = wall_offset, n_from = n_middle+1, n_to = n_to );
		}
	}
}

module brim()
{
	brim_radius = outer_diameter_top/2;

	translate([0,0,height-brim_height])
	intersection()
	{
		difference()
		{
			cylinder( r=brim_radius, h=brim_height );

			union()
			{
				translate([0,0,-1])
					cylinder( r=brim_radius-brim_thickness, h=brim_height+2 );
				translate([0,0,-brim_thickness/2])
					cylinder( r1=brim_radius, r2=brim_radius-brim_thickness, h=brim_thickness );
			}
		}
		translate([0,0,-brim_thickness/2])
			cylinder( r1=brim_radius-brim_thickness,
				      r2=brim_radius+brim_height-brim_thickness,
					  h=brim_height+brim_thickness/2 );
	}
}

module slats()
{
	union()
	{
		for( slat_n = [ 0 : number_of_slats - 1  ] )
		{
			rotate(slat_n*360/number_of_slats, [ 0, 0, 1 ] )
				singleSlat();
		}
	}
}

module singleSlat()
{
	translate( [-outer_diameter_bottom/2, -wall_thickness/2, 0 ] )
		cube( [outer_diameter_bottom, wall_thickness, drainage_slat_height] );
}

pot();

```


[User]
I'd like to design a table edge trash bag clip, similar to one I've already made but with some improvements. The basic idea is that it clamps onto the edge of a table and holds a zip lock bag open, allowing me to brush scraps directly into the bag.

Here's what I need:

**Functionality:**

*   **Table Clamp:** The clip needs to securely grip a table edge. I'd like to be able to specify the table thickness as a parameter, so it can work with different table sizes.
*   **Bag Holder:** There needs to be a structure that can hold a standard zip lock bag open. I'm envisioning a slot or some sort of clip mechanism for this.
*   **Spring Mechanism:** Instead of just a static clamp, I'd like a spring-like action in the clamping part. This should allow the clamp to accommodate slightly different table thicknesses and improve the grip. This springiness can either be created with a flexible plastic or through a mechanical component.

**Parameters:**

*   `table_thickness`: The thickness of the table edge, in millimeters.
*   `bag_width`: The width of the zip lock bag opening.
*   `bag_height`: The height of the zip lock bag opening.
*   `clamp_depth`: How far the clamp extends down the side of the table.
*   `clamp_width`: The width of the clamp part of the clip.
*   `spring_flex`: Parameter for controlling the flex of a living hinge or spring.
*   `clamp_opening_height`: The amount of space available at the opening of the clamp, to allow for table insertion.

**Design Details:**

*   I'm thinking the clamp should be a c-shape that wraps around the table edge.
*   I like the idea of a living hinge or some sort of flexure near the clamp. I'm not sure if I want to rely entirely on the flex of the plastic, or if I want to design a mechanical spring. I'm open to suggestions for best way to implement that.
*   The bag holder part should be wide and tall enough to hold the bag opening stable and allow for easy access.
*   The whole design needs to be printable without supports.
*  Let's use the following libraries to make sure that we are able to have rounded edges, etc: `MCAD`, `BOSL2`.

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files if it makes more sense) for this?

[Assistant]
Table_Bag_Clip_V2.scad:
```
//table thickness in mm
table=17.5;

/* [Hidden] */
t=table+1;
$fn=50;

difference() {
	union (){
	translate ([2,2,0]) minkowski(){
		cube([t+21,36,2]);
		cylinder(r=2,h=1);
	}
	translate([0,37,2]) minkowski(){
		cube([2,33,2]);
		rotate([0,90,0]) cylinder(r=2,h=1);
	}

	translate([t+2,40,0]) cube([23,6,3]);
	}
	translate([t,2,-1])cube([31,1,5]);
	translate([t+25,23,-1])cylinder(r=18,h=5);
	translate([t+5,43,-1])cube([30,1,5]);
}

difference() {
	translate([t+6,57,0]) resize([11,37,6])cylinder(r=10,h=6);
	translate ([t+6,57,-1])resize([7,33,8]) cylinder(r=10,h=6);
	translate ([t+5,35,-1])cube([20,45,8]);
	translate ([t-1,72,-1])cube([20,45,8]);
}
```


[User]
Okay, I need to design some replacement handles for an old egg beater, a Swift-Whip, specifically. It's the type with the ball drive. The original handles, made of wood or plastic, have broken. I need two different parts: a "Top Handle" and a "Crank Handle knob."

These are going to be retrofitted onto the existing metal rods, so I need them to be split so they can open up and clamp around the rods without having to disassemble the whole thing. I'd like to be able to adjust things like the radius of the split corners, and also the split offset to ensure a snug fit once glued, plus adjust the basic dimensions for my specific model. The basic idea is that the two halves are slightly offset and glued together.

For the "Top Handle," the basic shape is a kind of lozenge/pill shape, fatter in the middle, tapering at the ends, and with a slot on each side to fit around the frame of the eggbeater. I need to define the dimensions like overall length, the width at the center and the width at the end, depth of those end slots and width of the steel frame it fits around. There will be a hole through the center for the rod to pass through.

For the "Crank Handle knob," it's mostly a sphere, but it has a sort of "waist" before going into the rod, plus a beveled section where it meets the crank arm. I need to control the ball radius, the radius of the waist, the radius of the inner end where it goes onto the crank arm, the overall length, and the length from the ball to the waist and the length of the countersink flange at the end. Again, of course there’s the hole through the center for the rod to pass through. I also need some way to adjust the diameter of the countersink hole at the end and the distance of each bevel in the stepped cone at the rod end.

Also I need the hole diameters for both parts to be set based on a single diameter/rod radius parameter.

I would like a parametric design, so that I can make adjustments if needed. Could you generate OpenSCAD files for these? I don't need to be able to specify the type of eggbeater (plastic/wooden) in the file, as it can be done by changing the parameters. I also don't want to use any fancy libraries, just core OpenSCAD functions. I'm hoping that is pretty straight forward.

[Assistant]
EggBeater_SwiftWhip_Handles.scad:
```
//Handles for Swift Whip egg beater
//
// These are  split so they can be retrofitted to the riveted rods
// enable the parts you want to make files for with the "if (1==0)" lines at the end.....
// a little sanding of the inside split line should adjust the part line to be flush.
// Before glueing the halves together, run for a while to run in the rod in the hole.
// glue together with epoxy or abs solvent glue.
// I printed the crank at 0.25mm and Handle at 0.3mm, on Up Mini.

/* [Main] */
//note that I have two types of SwiftWhip. The type with wooden handles has different dimensions to the one with plastic handles.
part="All";//[All:All assembled, TopHandle: Top Handle split open, Crank: Crank split open]
 //Different for my two different beaters
CrankLength=41; //[35:Plastic Type 35mm, 41:Wooden Type 41mm]

//----------- Dimensions
//Naming: T for Top handle , C for Crank handle

/* [Split Fitting] */

//Adjust these for flush fit across the split, (actually sand to size is faster).  radius of the inside split corners
SplitR=1; // radius of the inside split corners
//allow for a little oversize on the split line, total will be 2x this
SplitOffset=0.25;
/* [Other] */
//-------------------------    Top Handle dims
IR=(4.8+0.3)/2; //rod / hole

TDFrame=2.5; //depth of end slot in frame
TL=82+2*TDFrame; //length of main handle
TR1=28/2; //width at centre
TR2=24/2; //at end
TWFrame=15.5; //width of steel frame

TSplitStep=2;

// ------------------------------ Crank dimensions
CR1=20/2; //ball radius
CR2=15/2; //waist
CR3=19/2; //inner end

CL=CrankLength+2.5;
CL2=14; //length from ball to waist
CSinkL=3; //countersink flange at the end
CSinkR=10/2;
CSplitStep=1.5;
CInnerBevel=1; //width of the steps making up the inner bevel
CR4=11/2; //flat against crank arm
//---------------------------------------------------------------

module Crank() {
    $fn=50;
    difference() {
        translate([0,0,CR1])
            union() {
                sphere(CR1);
                cylinder(r1=CR1, r2=CR2, h=CL2);
                translate([0,0,CL2]) cylinder(r1=CR2, r2=CR3, h=CL-CL2-CR1-3*CInnerBevel);
                translate([0,0,CL-CR1-CInnerBevel*3]) cylinder(r=CR3, h=CInnerBevel);
                translate([0,0,CL-CR1-CInnerBevel*2]) cylinder(r1=CR3, r2=CR3*0.9, h=CInnerBevel);
                translate([0,0,CL-CR1-CInnerBevel]) cylinder(r1=CR3*0.9, r2=CR4, h=CInnerBevel);

            }//union
        cylinder(r=IR,h=CL+.01, $fn=20);
	//rivet cone shape hole at end
        translate([0,0,0]) cylinder(r=CSinkR, h=2, $fn=20);
	translate([0,0,2]) cylinder(r1=CSinkR, r2=IR, h=CSinkL, $fn=20);
}//diff

}//mod
module SphericalCylinder(r1,r2,L) {
	scale([r2,r2,0.5*L/sqrt(1-(r1/r2)) ]) {
		intersection() {
			cube([2,2,2*sqrt(1-(r1/r2))],center=true);
			sphere(1,$fn=50);
		}
	}
  //cube([2*r1,r1/2,L*1.01],center=true); //recatngle that should just show at the end if it all works properly
} //mod

module Handle() {
	   difference() {
		SphericalCylinder(r1=TR2, r2=TR1, L=TL);
		for(A=[0,180]) rotate([A,0,0])
			translate([0,0,TL/2 - TDFrame +0.01])
				union() {
					translate([0,-TWFrame/2,0]) 	cube([TR1*3,TWFrame,TDFrame]);
					cylinder(r=TWFrame/2,h=TDFrame);
				}//union
		cylinder(r=IR,h=TL, center=true, $fn=20);
	}//diff

}//mod

module Split(Gap=1.5,Offset=0) { //make the split slice, with rounded inside edge so printers corner rounding won't have an effect
    hull()
    translate([Offset,0,0])
    for (dy=[-1,1])
        translate([SplitR,-dy*(IR+Gap-SplitR),0]) cylinder(r=SplitR,h=TL,center=true, $fn=20);
  translate([SplitR+TR1+0.5,0,0]) cube([2*(TR1+0.5),2*(IR+Gap),TL],center=true);
}//mod

//Handle();

//Split(Offset=0.2);

//------------Show complete parts
if (part=="All") {
   color("blue") translate([0,0,CL]) rotate([0,180,0])  translate([10,0,0]) Crank();
    color("red") translate([-40,0,0]) Handle();
}

//------------- Make Split Crank
translate([0,0,CL]) rotate([0,180,0])
if (part=="Crank"){
translate([10,0,0]) intersection() {
	Crank();
	Split(CSplitStep,SplitOffset);
};
translate([-10,0,0]) difference() {
	Crank();
	Split(CSplitStep,-SplitOffset);
};
}

//------------- Make Split Handle
translate([0,0,TL/2])
if (part=="TopHandle"){
translate([0,30,-TDFrame]) intersection() {
	Handle();
	Split(TSplitStep,SplitOffset);
};
translate([-20,30,0]) difference() {
	Handle();
	Split(TSplitStep,-SplitOffset);
};
}
```


[User]
Hi, I'm looking to generate a parametric fence model for a model railroad, specifically in HO scale this time. I have some experience modifying a pre-existing model for N scale, but it wasn't ideal, and I would really like to start from scratch with a design I can control better.

Here's what I need:

*   **Fence Sections:** The fence should be composed of repeatable sections, and I need to be able to specify how many of these sections I want.
*   **Vertical Slats:** Each section should have vertical slats, and I need to control how many slats are in a section.
*  **Slat Dimensions:**  I need to be able to specify the width, height, and depth of these slats.
*   **Slat Spacing:** The spacing between the vertical slats within a section should be adjustable.
*   **Horizontal Bars:** Each section should also have at least two horizontal bars connecting the vertical slats. I need control over the depth and width (which should be the width of the slat) of these bars. One bar should be close to the bottom of the slats and another close to the top, but I will need to control their vertical position.
*   **Vertical Posts:**  Each section should begin and end with a vertical post. The posts should be a bit taller than the slats and have the same width and depth as the slats. The last post in the fence should also be a bit taller than the rest.
*  **Section Length:** The length of each section should be automatically calculated based on the number of slats and their spacing within a section.
*   **Units:** The model should be designed to represent a real-world fence at HO scale.
*   **Parametric Control:**  All these dimensions and counts (slat width/height/depth, spacing, horizontal bar height/width/depth, post height/width/depth, number of slats per section, number of sections) should be parameters that I can easily adjust.
*   **Scalability:** The overall length of the fence is controlled by specifying the number of sections, and should generate the final vertical post.

I'm not worried about file formats, as long as it works with OpenSCAD. I would appreciate it if you could use the `metric` module from the BOSL2 library to make sure all units are correct. I expect all of the code to be in one or more files, and it should be very clear where the parameters are declared.

[Assistant]
HO_fence.scad:
```
//
//	Customizable Fence for N Scale Model Railroads
//	Steve Medwin
//	April 12, 2014
//

// preview[view:north, tilt:bottom]

Nslats=8*1;
width=1*1;
height=12*1;
depth=1*1;
spacing=2.3*1;
bar_depth=depth-.1;
// How many fence sections?
number_sections=2; // [1:20]

module fence() {
// vertical slats
	for (i=[1:Nslats-1]){
		translate([i*spacing,0,0]) cube([width,height,depth]);
		}

// horizontal bars
	translate([0,1,depth]) cube([Nslats*spacing,width,bar_depth]);
	translate([0,height-1.1,depth]) cube([Nslats*spacing,width,bar_depth]);

// vertical post
	translate([0,,-0.250]) cube([width,height+1,depth]);
}

// make fence
for (j=[0:number_sections-1]) {
	translate ([j*Nslats*spacing,0,0]) fence();
}

// end the row of fences
// vertical post
	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,-0.25,0]) cube([width,height+1,depth]);

// horizontal bars
	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,1,depth]) cube([width,width,bar_depth]);
	translate([number_sections*Nslats*spacing,height-1.1,depth]) cube([width,width,bar_depth]);

```


[User]
I'd like to create a twisted cage design in OpenSCAD, similar to the one I've been working on, but I need something more flexible and parametric. I want to control the overall height and radius of the cage, the thickness of the spokes and base, and the amount of twist applied to the spokes. Crucially, I need to be able to specify the number of clockwise and counterclockwise spokes separately.

Instead of using cylinders for the spokes, which I've done before, I'd like to use a simpler approach that hulls two cubes, which seems a bit more efficient. The cage should have a base and a top ring. The base should be a solid cylinder, and the top ring should be a cylinder with a slightly smaller cylinder subtracted from it to create a sort of 'ring' shape.

So to recap:

*   **Overall Height:** Parametric control over the cage's height.
*   **Radius:** Parametric control over the cage's radius.
*   **Thickness:** Parametric control over the thickness of the spokes and base.
*   **Twist Angle:** Parametric control over the amount of twist (positive and negative).
*   **Clockwise Spokes:** Parametric control over the number of clockwise twisting spokes.
*   **Counterclockwise Spokes:** Parametric control over the number of counterclockwise twisting spokes.
*   **Spoke Creation:** The spokes should use a hull of two small cubes (one at the bottom, one at the top), instead of cylinders.
*   **Base:** A simple cylinder.
*   **Top Ring:** A cylinder with a smaller cylinder subtracted to make a ring.

I'm not using any external libraries at the moment, so let's keep it to core OpenSCAD.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code for me?

[Assistant]
twisted_cage2.scad:
```
// twisted cage

// overall height of basket
height=70; // [10:400]

// radius of basket
radius=40;  // [10:200]

// thickness of base and spokes
th=2;

// amount of twist from bottom to top of basket
an1=120;  // [0:180]

// number of clockwise spokes
nsp=13; // [0:50]

// number of counterclockwise spokes
csp=21; // [0:50]

module spoke(an1) {
		hull() {
//union() {
			translate([radius, -th / 2, 0])
				cube(th);
			rotate([0, 0, an1])
				translate([radius, -th / 2, height])
					cube(th);
		}
}

$fs = 0.5;
$fa = 3;

for (i=[1:nsp]) {
	rotate([0, 0, i * (360 / nsp)])
		spoke(-an1);
}

for (i=[1:csp]) {
	rotate([0, 0, i * (360 / csp)])
		spoke(an1);
}

/* base */
cylinder(h = th, r = radius + th);

/* top ring */
translate([0, 0, height])
	difference() {
		cylinder(h = th, r = radius + th);
		translate([0, 0, -0.0001])
			cylinder(h = th + 0.0002, r = radius);
	}

// eof

```