[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a foldable octahedron with snap-fit hinges, and I've got some specific ideas about how it should be constructed. I want the whole thing to print flat, and then be able to fold up into an octahedron.

Here's what I have in mind:

**General Shape:** The base of the design consists of eight equilateral triangles that will form the faces of the octahedron when folded.

**Hinges:** I'd like the triangles to be connected by hinge mechanisms, which I envision as a rounded pin that fits into a corresponding hole.  These hinges need to be printable in place without needing supports. Ideally, the hinges should have a rounded pin-like shape with a small cone at each end that goes into a corresponding hole in the adjacent piece to create the pivot point.

**Snaps:**  Some of the edges need to have snap-fit connections to secure the final octahedron shape. These snaps should have a tine-and-slot type mechanism with a rounded end to make them easy to engage.

**Parameters:** I want to be able to adjust several key dimensions via customizer. Here’s a breakdown of the parameters I want:
*   `length`: The length of the side of the triangles that make up the octahedron.
*   `border`: The width of the border around each triangle face.
*   `height`: The thickness of the triangle pieces (the print height).
*   `clearance`: The tolerance between the hinge pin and the hole it fits into.
*  `gap`: The distance between hinge pieces and the sides they attach to.
*  `space`: The gap between the tines of the snap-fit connection.

**Libraries:** I don't think I need anything too special, just the standard OpenSCAD features and maybe some functions to help with polygon generation if needed. Please do not use any external libraries, I'd like this to be very straightforward.

So, the overall goal is to have a single OpenSCAD file (or minimal files if necessary) that generates this foldable octahedron, taking all those parameters into account. Can you help me generate that code?

[Assistant]
day359_hingesnap_octahedron.scad:
```
// mathgrrl hinge/snap octahedron

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// parameters

/* [Size] */

// Side length
length = 30;

// Width of the border edge
border = 3;

// Thickness of the side pieces (height when printing)
height = 3;

/* [Clearances] */

// Clearance between hinge cones and holes
clearance = .55;

// Clearance between hinge and sides
gap = .55;

// Clearance between snap tines
space = .55;

// Parameters that the user does not get to specify
$fn=24;
hinge_radius = height/2;
cone_height = 1.5*hinge_radius;
corner = 0*1;      	// space between hinge and corner
fudge = .01*1;			// to preserve mesh integrity
jump = 2*hinge_radius+2*gap;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// renders

// center triangle
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// A triangle
translate([	(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// B triangle
translate([	0,
					2*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(2*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// BX triangle
translate([	-2*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					2*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(3*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=3);
}

// C triangle
translate([	(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					3*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(3*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
}

// CX triangle
translate([	3*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					3*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(4*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=3);
}

// D triangle
translate([	0,
					4*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(4*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
}

// E triangle
translate([	(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					5*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(5*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=3);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for hinge

module hinge(){

	rad = hinge_radius;
	clr = clearance;
	len = (length-2*corner)/3;
	con = cone_height;

	rotate(90,[0,1,0]) rotate(-90,[1,0,0])
	translate([-rad,-rad-gap+fudge,0])
		union(){

			// left outside hinge = (cylinder+box)-cone
			difference(){
				union(){
					translate([0,0,corner]) cylinder(h=len-clr,r=rad);
					translate([-rad,0,corner]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap,len-clr]);
				}
				translate([0,0,corner+len-con-clr+fudge]) cylinder(h=con,r1=0,r2=rad);
			}

			// inside hinge = cylinder+box+cone+cone
			union(){
				translate([0,0,corner+len]) cylinder(h=len,r=rad);
				translate([-rad,-rad-gap,corner+len]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap,len]);
				translate([0,0,corner+len-con]) cylinder(h=con,r1=0,r2=rad);
				translate([0,0,corner+2*len]) cylinder(h=con,r1=rad,r2=0);
			}

			// right outside hinge = (cylinder+box)-cone
			difference(){
				union(){
					translate([0,0,corner+2*len+clr]) cylinder(h=len-clr,r=rad);
					translate([-rad,0,corner+2*len+clr]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap,len-clr]);
				}
				translate([0,0,corner+2*len+clr-fudge]) cylinder(h=con,r1=rad,r2=0);
			}

		}
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for snap

module snap(sides){

radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));
snapwidth = radius*sin(180/sides)/3;

//build snaps for first side at the origin and move into positions
for(i=[0:2]){

	//for i^th snap translate 2*i snapwidths over from origin
	translate([0-fudge,2*i*snapwidth,0-fudge])

		//rounded box for snap made from a box and cylinder
		union(){

			//cube part of snap shape at the origin
			cube([height/2+gap+fudge,snapwidth-space+fudge,height+fudge]);

			//round part of snap shape at the origin
			//move cylinder to the end of the box
			translate([height/2+gap,snapwidth-space+fudge,height/2])

				//rotate cylinder to match box orientation
				rotate(90,[0,1,0])
					rotate(90,[1,0,0])

						//cylinder of the correct size to match box
						cylinder(
							r=height/2,
							h=snapwidth-space,
							$fn=16  //number of sides
						);
					}
			}

}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for polygon shape
//shape is made up of n=sides wedges that are rotated around

module poly_maker(sides){

	radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));
	inside = radius-border/(cos(180/sides));

	translate([0,0,height/2])

	//subtract the smaller polygon from the larger polygon
	difference(){

		//extrude to thicken the polygon
		linear_extrude(height=height,center=true){

			//rotate the wedge n=sides times at angle of 360/n each time
			for(i=[0:sides]){

				//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
				rotate(i*360/sides,[0,0,1])

					//make triangular wedge with angle based on number of sides
					polygon(

						//the three vertices of the triangle
						points = [[0-.05,0-.05], //tweaks fix CGAL errors
									 [radius,0-.01],
									 [radius*cos(360/sides)-.01,radius*sin(360/sides)+.01]],

						//the order to connect the three vertices above
						paths = [[0,1,2]]
					);
			}
		}
		//extrude to thicken the center polygon that will be the hole
		linear_extrude(height=height+2,center=true){

			//rotate the wedge n=sides times at angle of 360/n each time
			for(i=[0:sides]){

				//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
				rotate(i*360/sides,[0,0,1])

					//make triangular wedge with angle based on number of sides
					polygon(

						//the three vertices of the triangle
						points =	[[0-.1,0-.1], //tweaks fix CGAL errors
									 [inside,0-.01],
									 [inside*cos(360/sides)-.01,inside*sin(360/sides)+.01]],

						//the order to connect the three vertices above
						paths = [[0,1,2]]
					);
			}
		}
	}
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for attaching hinges or snaps to shape
// type=1 for hinges, type=2 for snaps

module attach(type,side,sides){

	radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));

	//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
	rotate(side*360/sides,[0,0,1])

		//translate the attachment to the first side
		translate([radius,0,0+fudge])

			//rotate the attachment to correct angle for first side
			rotate(180/sides)

				union(){
					if (type==1) hinge();
					if (type==2) snap(sides);
				}

}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get some OpenSCAD files made for a customizable resin funnel, specifically one that has an air escape feature. I'm doing bottom-fill resin casting, and I need to be able to create funnels with a long nozzle that can reach the bottom of my molds, but with a reliable path for air to escape while the mold is filling.

Here's a breakdown of what I need:

1.  **Overall Structure:** The funnel should have three main sections: a top opening (the "mouth"), a tapered middle section (the "funnel" itself), and a narrow bottom tube (the "nose").

2.  **Parametric Dimensions:** I need to be able to control the following dimensions:
    *   `MouthD`: Diameter of the mouth.
    *   `MouthL`: Length of the mouth.
    *   `FunnelD`: Diameter at the bottom of the funnel taper.
    *   `FunnelL`: Length of the funnel taper.
    *   `NoseD`: Diameter of the nose.
    *   `NoseL`: Length of the nose.
    *   `WallT`: Thickness of the funnel walls (this will be a small number, like 400 microns, and will need to be scaled to mm).
    *   `AirEscapeT`: Thickness of the outer air escape shell. Set to 0 for no air escape feature.

3.  **Air Escape Feature:**
    *   When `AirEscapeT` is greater than 0, the funnel should have an outer shell around the main funnel body. This shell needs to be separated from the inner funnel wall by `AirEscapeT`.
    *   The outer shell should be slightly shorter than the inner funnel's nose to allow air to escape. The outer shell's nose will end 10% of the length of the inner nose short, if that makes sense. So if the inner nose has `NoseL` length, the outer nose will have `NoseL * 0.9` length.
     *   There should be a connecting support structure between the inner and outer walls to keep the outer shell aligned with the inner funnel. I was thinking two thin orthogonal "ribs" should do the job. These should not block the air path to the top and should not extend past the bottom of the outer shell.

4.  **OpenSCAD Specifics:**
    *   Use `$fn` for a good level of roundness, maybe 50.
    *   Use `difference()` operations for creating hollow sections and for the air escape paths.
    *   Scale all values that I have in microns to mm by dividing by 1000.
    *   Use the `cylinder` primitive with the `d1`, `d2` and `center` options.
    *   I will need to be able to add a bit of extra length to parts to guarantee they print together, so something like `tiny = 0.05` might be helpful.

I am not planning on using any libraries for this - it can be done just with the standard OpenSCAD functions.

I'd really appreciate it if you could provide the OpenSCAD code that I can directly use to create this funnel. Let me know if you need any further clarification on the requirements. Thanks!

[Assistant]
ZickFunnelA.scad:
```
//copyright 2014 Richard Swika (a.k.a. Zick)
//All Rights Reserved
//Rev. Orig - August 19, 2014 - Good for bottom filling resin molds
//Rev. A - August 24, 2014 - Added an option to add an outer air escape shell
//	Revised Terminology
//										- We now call the very top of the funnel the Mouth
// 							    	    - The taperd part in the center is the Funnel
//										- The third secion we call the Nose
//Rev.B - March 25, 2016 - Updated to work with changes to customizer
/* [Dimensions] */

//Diameter of funnel mouth? (mm)
MouthD = 20; //[10:200]

//Length of funnel mouth? (mm)
MouthL = 2; //[0:200]

//Diameter at bottom of funnel taper? (mm)
FunnelD = 7; //[5:200]

//Length of funnel taper? (mm)
FunnelL = 10; //[10:200]

//Diameter of nose? (mm)
NoseD= 4; //[5:200]

//Length of nose? (mm)
NoseL = 20; //[0:200]

//Thickness of walls? (micron)
WallT = 400; //[300:5000]

//Thickness of air escape (0 for none)? (micron)
AirEscapeT=1000; //[0:5000]

/* [Private] */
tiny=0.05;
$fn=50;
module funnel(MouthL,MouthD,FunnelL,FunnelD,NoseL,NoseD,WallT)
{
	translate([0,0,0])
		difference(){
			if (WallT)
			{
				union(){
					translate([0,0,(MouthL)/2])
					cylinder(d=MouthD,h=MouthL+tiny,center=true);
					translate([0,0,tiny+MouthL+FunnelL/2])
					cylinder(d1=MouthD,d2=FunnelD,h=FunnelL+tiny,center=true);
					translate([0,0,MouthL+FunnelL+NoseL/2])
					cylinder(d1=FunnelD,d2=NoseD,h=NoseL+tiny,center=true);
				}
			}
		translate([0,0,-tiny])
		union(){
			translate([0,0,(MouthL)/2])
			cylinder(d=MouthD-WallT*0.002,h=MouthL+2*tiny,center=true);
			translate([0,0,tiny+MouthL+FunnelL/2])
			cylinder(d1=MouthD-WallT*0.002,d2=FunnelD-WallT*0.002,h=FunnelL+2*tiny,center=true);
			translate([0,0,MouthL+FunnelL+NoseL/2])
			cylinder(d1=FunnelD-WallT*0.002,d2=NoseD-WallT*0.002,h=NoseL+4*tiny,center=true);
		}
	}
}

if (AirEscapeT)
{
	union(){
		//inside funnel
		funnel(MouthL,MouthD,FunnelL,FunnelD,NoseL,NoseD,WallT);
		//outside funnel
		difference(){
			funnel(MouthL,MouthD+AirEscapeT*0.002+WallT*0.002,
				FunnelL,FunnelD+AirEscapeT*0.002+WallT*0.002,NoseL,
				NoseD+AirEscapeT*0.002+WallT*0.002,WallT);
			//cut outside funnel short by 20% of nose length to proide a path for air to escape
			translate([0,0,MouthL+FunnelL+NoseL-NoseL/10])
			cylinder(d1=FunnelD*2,d2=NoseD*2,h=2*tiny+NoseL/5,center=true);
		}
		//supports
		intersection(){
			//outside funnel space (zero wall thickness makes it solid)
			funnel(MouthL,MouthD+AirEscapeT*0.002+WallT*0.002,
				FunnelL,FunnelD+AirEscapeT*0.002+WallT*0.002,NoseL,
				NoseD+AirEscapeT*0.002+WallT*0.002,0);
			difference(){
				translate([0,0,-NoseL/10+(MouthL+FunnelL+NoseL)/2])
				union(){
					cube([WallT/1000,MouthD*2,MouthL+FunnelL+NoseL-NoseL/5-2*tiny],center=true);
					cube([MouthD*2,WallT/1000,MouthL+FunnelL+NoseL-NoseL/5-2*tiny],center=true);
				}
				//subtract inside funnel space (less tiny)
				funnel(MouthL,MouthD-tiny,
					FunnelL,FunnelD-2*tiny,NoseL,
					NoseD-tiny,0);
			}
		}
	}
}
else
{
	funnel(MouthL,MouthD,FunnelL,FunnelD,NoseL,NoseD,WallT);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric, hinged, and snap-together dodecahedron in OpenSCAD. I'm aiming for a design that can be printed flat and then folded up into the 3D shape.

Here are the specific features I need:

*   **Dodecahedron Geometry:** The base shape should be a regular dodecahedron. The design should generate a flat net that, when folded along the hinges, will form the dodecahedron.

*   **Hinges:**
    *   I need hinges connecting each pentagon to its neighbors.
    *   The hinges should be designed to allow for easy folding.
    *   I need to be able to control the clearance between the hinge components (the cones and holes) to ensure smooth movement after printing, and the space between the hinge and the main pentagon. I should be able to define the radius and the length of the hinges.

*   **Snaps:**
    *   The dodecahedron should close and lock using snap-fit connections.
    *   The snap design should be reasonably robust and easy to engage.
    *  I'd like to control the clearance between the snap tines (the space between).

*   **Parameters:**
    *   I need to be able to specify the side length of each pentagon.
    *   I need to be able to specify the thickness (print height) of the pentagons, hinges, and snaps.
     *   I need a parameter to control the border width on the pentagons.
    *   All clearance, width, radius, and length values should be easily adjustable using parameters.
    *   It should use `$fn` for more precise curved surfaces. I was thinking 24, but maybe that should also be a parameter.

*   **Output:** The design should render as a series of pentagons connected by hinges, ready to be printed flat. It should not be the 3D shape itself.

I think that should cover everything. Please let me know if you have any questions. I want to create a few different sizes with a few different clearance and width options, so having the flexibility of parameters is important to me.

[Assistant]
day362_hingesnap_dodecahedron.scad:
```
// mathgrrl hinge/snap dodecahedron

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// parameters

/* [Size] */

// Side length
length = 30;

// Width of the border edge
border = 3;

// Thickness of the side pieces (height when printing)
height = 3;

/* [Clearances] */

// Clearance between hinge cones and holes
clearance = .55;

// Clearance between hinge and sides
gap = .55;

// Clearance between snap tines
space = .55;

// Parameters that the user does not get to specify
$fn=24*1;
hinge_radius = height/2;
cone_height = 1.5*hinge_radius;
corner = 0*1;      	// space between hinge and corner
fudge = .01*1;			// to preserve mesh integrity
jump = 2*hinge_radius+2*gap;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// renders

// 1center hexagon
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 1A hexagon
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 1B hexagon
rotate(-72,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 1C hexagon
rotate(-2*72,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
		}

// 1D hexagon
rotate(-3*72,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 1E hexagon
rotate(-4*72,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 2center hexagon
translate([	2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36)+2*length/(2*tan(36))+jump,
					2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=1,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 2A hexagon
translate([	2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36)+2*length/(2*tan(36))+jump,
					2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 2B hexagon
translate([	2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36)+2*length/(2*tan(36))+jump,
					2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(-72,[0,0,1])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 2C hexagon
translate([	2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36)+2*length/(2*tan(36))+jump,
					2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(-2*72,[0,0,1])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 2D hexagon
translate([	2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36)+2*length/(2*tan(36))+jump,
					2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(-3*72,[0,0,1])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

// 2E hexagon
translate([	2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36)+2*length/(2*tan(36))+jump,
					2*(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(-4*72,[0,0,1])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
translate([	(length/tan(36)+jump)*cos(36),
					(length/tan(36)+jump)*sin(36),
					0])
rotate(36,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=4,sides=5);
	attach(type=2,side=5,sides=5);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for hinge

module hinge(){

	rad = hinge_radius;
	clr = clearance;
	len = (length-2*corner)/3;
	con = cone_height;

	rotate(90,[0,1,0]) rotate(-90,[1,0,0])
	translate([-rad,-rad-gap+fudge,0])
		union(){

			// left outside hinge = (cylinder+box)-cone (with .1 for overlap)
			difference(){
				union(){
					translate([0,0,corner]) cylinder(h=len-clr,r=rad);
					translate([-rad,0,corner]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap+.1,len-clr]);
				}
				translate([0,0,corner+len-con-clr+fudge]) cylinder(h=con,r1=0,r2=rad);
			}

			// inside hinge = cylinder+box+cone+cone (with .1 for overlap)
			union(){
				translate([0,0,corner+len]) cylinder(h=len,r=rad);
				translate([-rad,-rad-gap-.1,corner+len]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap+.1,len]);
				translate([0,0,corner+len-con]) cylinder(h=con,r1=0,r2=rad);
				translate([0,0,corner+2*len]) cylinder(h=con,r1=rad,r2=0);
			}

			// right outside hinge = (cylinder+box)-cone (with .1 for overlap)
			difference(){
				union(){
					translate([0,0,corner+2*len+clr]) cylinder(h=len-clr,r=rad);
					translate([-rad,0,corner+2*len+clr]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap+.1,len-clr]);
				}
				translate([0,0,corner+2*len+clr-fudge]) cylinder(h=con,r1=rad,r2=0);
			}

		}
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for snap

module snap(sides){

radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));
snapwidth = radius*sin(180/sides)/3;

//build snaps for first side at the origin and move into positions
for(i=[0:2]){

	//for i^th snap translate 2*i snapwidths over from origin
	translate([0-fudge,2*i*snapwidth,0-fudge])

		//rounded box for snap made from a box and cylinder
		union(){

			//cube part of snap shape at the origin
			cube([height/2+gap+fudge,snapwidth-space+fudge,height+fudge]);

			//round part of snap shape at the origin
			//move cylinder to the end of the box
			translate([height/2+gap,snapwidth-space+fudge,height/2])

				//rotate cylinder to match box orientation
				rotate(90,[0,1,0])
					rotate(90,[1,0,0])

						//cylinder of the correct size to match box
						cylinder(
							r=height/2,
							h=snapwidth-space,
							$fn=16  //number of sides
						);
					}
			}

}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for polygon shape
//shape is made up of n=sides wedges that are rotated around

module poly_maker(sides){

	radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));
	inside = radius-border/(cos(180/sides));

	translate([0,0,height/2])

	//subtract the smaller polygon from the larger polygon
	difference(){

		//extrude to thicken the polygon
		linear_extrude(height=height,center=true){

			//rotate the wedge n=sides times at angle of 360/n each time
			for(i=[0:sides]){

				//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
				rotate(i*360/sides,[0,0,1])

					//make triangular wedge with angle based on number of sides
					polygon(

						//the three vertices of the triangle
						points = [[0-.05,0-.05], //tweaks fix CGAL errors
									 [radius,0-.01],
									 [radius*cos(360/sides)-.01,radius*sin(360/sides)+.01]],

						//the order to connect the three vertices above
						paths = [[0,1,2]]
					);
			}
		}
		//extrude to thicken the center polygon that will be the hole
		linear_extrude(height=height+2,center=true){

			//rotate the wedge n=sides times at angle of 360/n each time
			for(i=[0:sides]){

				//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
				rotate(i*360/sides,[0,0,1])

					//make triangular wedge with angle based on number of sides
					polygon(

						//the three vertices of the triangle
						points =	[[0-.1,0-.1], //tweaks fix CGAL errors
									 [inside,0-.01],
									 [inside*cos(360/sides)-.01,inside*sin(360/sides)+.01]],

						//the order to connect the three vertices above
						paths = [[0,1,2]]
					);
			}
		}
	}
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for attaching hinges or snaps to shape
// type=1 for hinges, type=2 for snaps

module attach(type,side,sides){

	radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));

	//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
	rotate(side*360/sides,[0,0,1])

		//translate the attachment to the first side
		translate([radius,0,0+fudge])

			//rotate the attachment to correct angle for first side
			rotate(180/sides)

				union(){
					if (type==1) hinge();
					if (type==2) snap(sides);
				}

}
```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric design for a hinged and snapping icosahedron, similar to the one described on MakerHome blog, Day 363, and available on Thingiverse as thing:440961.

The core idea is to have 20 equilateral triangle pieces that connect with hinges along some edges and snap connections along others, allowing the whole thing to be folded up from a flat layout into an icosahedron. I want the design to be fully parametric, allowing me to control the overall size, thickness, and clearances, so that I can fine-tune it for different print settings and materials.

Specifically, I want these parameters to be adjustable:

*   **`length`**:  The side length of the equilateral triangles.
*   **`border`**: The width of the border around the triangles, which is essentially the solid part of each face of the icosahedron.
*   **`height`**:  The thickness of the triangle pieces (i.e., the height when printed).
*   **`clearance`**: The clearance between the hinge cones and the holes they fit into.
*   **`gap`**: The clearance between the hinge parts and the sides of the triangle edges.
*   **`space`**: The space between the snap tines on the snap connections.

The design should include the following:

*   The 20 equilateral triangle pieces.
*   Hinges on some edges with a shape similar to a cylinder with cones on both ends that match the holes in the adjacent piece, and include the appropriate clearances. The hinges should allow for easy folding while remaining securely attached.
*   Snaps on other edges, with the snap tines that will slot into the adjacent piece.

I'm not overly familiar with OpenSCAD, but I do know that the design will probably use `linear_extrude` for creating the triangles and `cylinder` and `translate` for making the hinges and snaps. It will also require a `difference()` operation to create the hollow center of the triangle panels. Additionally, `rotate` will likely be used to orient the individual triangle parts in the overall layout.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD files necessary for this, and please ensure all the parameters are easily adjustable at the top of the file?  Also, please don't use any external libraries.

[Assistant]
day363_hingesnap_Icosahedron.scad:
```
// mathgrrl hinge/snap icosahedron

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// parameters

/* [Size] */

// Side length
length = 30;

// Width of the border edge
border = 3;

// Thickness of the side pieces (height when printing)
height = 3;

/* [Clearances] */

// Clearance between hinge cones and holes
clearance = .50;

// Clearance between hinge and sides
gap = .45;

// Clearance between snap tines
space = .25;

// Parameters that the user does not get to specify
$fn=24;
hinge_radius = height/2;
cone_height = 1.5*hinge_radius;
corner = 0*1;      	// space between hinge and corner
fudge = .01*1;			// to preserve mesh integrity
jump = 2*hinge_radius+2*gap;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// renders

// 1lower triangle
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 1A triangle
translate([	(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 1B triangle
translate([	0,
					2*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(2*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 1C triangle
translate([	(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					3*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(3*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
}

// 2lower triangle
translate([	3*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 2A triangle
translate([	4*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					0*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 2B triangle
translate([	3*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					1*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(2*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
}

// 2C triangle
translate([	4*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					2*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(3*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
}

// 3lower triangle
translate([	6*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-2*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 3A triangle
translate([	7*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-1*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 3B triangle
translate([	6*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					0*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(2*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
}

// 3C triangle
translate([	7*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					1*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(3*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
}

// 4lower triangle
translate([	9*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-3*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 4A triangle
translate([	10*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-2*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 4B triangle
translate([	9*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-1*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(2*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
}

// 4C triangle
translate([	10*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					0*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(3*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
}

// 5lower triangle
translate([	12*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-4*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 5A triangle
translate([	13*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-3*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=3,sides=3);
}

// 5B triangle
translate([	12*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-2*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(2*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=1,side=2,sides=3);
}

// 5C triangle
translate([	13*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*cos(180/3),
					-1*(length/tan(180/3)+jump)*sin(180/3),
					0])
rotate(3*180/3,[0,0,1])
union(){
	poly_maker(sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=1,sides=3);
	attach(type=2,side=2,sides=3);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for hinge

module hinge(){

	rad = hinge_radius;
	clr = clearance;
	len = (length-2*corner)/3;
	con = cone_height;

	rotate(90,[0,1,0]) rotate(-90,[1,0,0])
	translate([-rad,-rad-gap+fudge,0])
		union(){

			// left outside hinge = (cylinder+box)-cone
			difference(){
				union(){
					translate([0,0,corner]) cylinder(h=len-clr,r=rad);
					translate([-rad,0,corner]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap+.1,len-clr]);
				}
				translate([0,0,corner+len-con-clr+fudge]) cylinder(h=con,r1=0,r2=rad);
			}

			// inside hinge = cylinder+box+cone+cone
			union(){
				translate([0,0,corner+len]) cylinder(h=len,r=rad);
				translate([-rad,-rad-gap-.1,corner+len]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap+.1,len]);
				translate([0,0,corner+len-con]) cylinder(h=con,r1=0,r2=rad);
				translate([0,0,corner+2*len]) cylinder(h=con,r1=rad,r2=0);
			}

			// right outside hinge = (cylinder+box)-cone
			difference(){
				union(){
					translate([0,0,corner+2*len+clr]) cylinder(h=len-clr,r=rad);
					translate([-rad,0,corner+2*len+clr]) cube([2*rad,rad+gap+.1,len-clr]);
				}
				translate([0,0,corner+2*len+clr-fudge]) cylinder(h=con,r1=rad,r2=0);
			}

		}
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for snap

module snap(sides){

radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));
snapwidth = radius*sin(180/sides)/3;

//build snaps for first side at the origin and move into positions
for(i=[0:2]){

	//for i^th snap translate 2*i snapwidths over from origin
	translate([0-fudge,2*i*snapwidth,0-fudge])

		//rounded box for snap made from a box and cylinder
		union(){

			//cube part of snap shape at the origin
			cube([height/2+gap+fudge,snapwidth-space+fudge,height+fudge]);

			//round part of snap shape at the origin
			//move cylinder to the end of the box
			translate([height/2+gap,snapwidth-space+fudge,height/2])

				//rotate cylinder to match box orientation
				rotate(90,[0,1,0])
					rotate(90,[1,0,0])

						//cylinder of the correct size to match box
						cylinder(
							r=height/2,
							h=snapwidth-space,
							$fn=16  //number of sides
						);
					}
			}

}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for polygon shape
//shape is made up of n=sides wedges that are rotated around

module poly_maker(sides){

	radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));
	inside = radius-border/(cos(180/sides));

	translate([0,0,height/2])

	//subtract the smaller polygon from the larger polygon
	difference(){

		//extrude to thicken the polygon
		linear_extrude(height=height,center=true){

			//rotate the wedge n=sides times at angle of 360/n each time
			for(i=[0:sides]){

				//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
				rotate(i*360/sides,[0,0,1])

					//make triangular wedge with angle based on number of sides
					polygon(

						//the three vertices of the triangle
						points = [[0-.05,0-.05], //tweaks fix CGAL errors
									 [radius,0-.01],
									 [radius*cos(360/sides)-.01,radius*sin(360/sides)+.01]],

						//the order to connect the three vertices above
						paths = [[0,1,2]]
					);
			}
		}
		//extrude to thicken the center polygon that will be the hole
		linear_extrude(height=height+2,center=true){

			//rotate the wedge n=sides times at angle of 360/n each time
			for(i=[0:sides]){

				//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
				rotate(i*360/sides,[0,0,1])

					//make triangular wedge with angle based on number of sides
					polygon(

						//the three vertices of the triangle
						points =	[[0-.1,0-.1], //tweaks fix CGAL errors
									 [inside,0-.01],
									 [inside*cos(360/sides)-.01,inside*sin(360/sides)+.01]],

						//the order to connect the three vertices above
						paths = [[0,1,2]]
					);
			}
		}
	}
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// module for attaching hinges or snaps to shape
// type=1 for hinges, type=2 for snaps

module attach(type,side,sides){

	radius = length/(2*sin(180/sides));

	//rotation is around the z-axis [0,0,1]
	rotate(side*360/sides,[0,0,1])

		//translate the attachment to the first side
		translate([radius,0,0+fudge])

			//rotate the attachment to correct angle for first side
			rotate(180/sides)

				union(){
					if (type==1) hinge();
					if (type==2) snap(sides);
				}

}
```


[User]
Hi! I'm looking to create a closed stitch marker for knitting and crochet, and I have some specific requirements for the design. I'd like to be able to customize the marker's size to fit different needle sizes and yarn weights. I have an existing design (see attached) that I'm adapting, but I need to make it parametric and more robust.

Basically, the stitch marker is a flat disk with a slot cut out of it. The slot isn't just a hole - it's designed to wrap around a needle. Here are the key parameters I need to control:

*   **`needle_size`**: The diameter of the knitting needle (or crochet hook) that the marker will fit on. This is a very important parameter, and it needs to be easily adjustable. I included a commented list of standard US/UK/JP sizes in my original file, but I don't need all of those specifically.
*   **`width`**: The width of the ring of material surrounding the needle slot. It's the "thickness" of the ring, viewed from above, if that makes sense.
*   **`thickness`**: The thickness of the marker itself (how tall it is when laid flat).
*   **`clearance`**: The space between the needle and the inner edge of the slot. This should be adjustable, so that you can make the slot tighter or looser around the needle.
*  **`slot_width`**: The width of the gap that forms the "C" in the marker. It's the distance through which you would need to pull the yarn to get the marker on to the needle, and doesn't need to be changed very often, but it should be an option.

The basic shape is a circle, with a scaled-down circle cut out of it to form the ring shape. I'd also like the edges to be rounded. I'd like a parametric OpenSCAD file that generates the stitch marker based on these parameters. I want to be able to quickly change the parameters in the Customizer, without having to dig into the code. Could you help me with that?

[Assistant]
closed-stitch-marker.scad:
```
$fn = 50 + 0;

needle_size = 3.5; // [2.0:US 0 \ GB 14, 2.1:JP 0, 2.25:US 1 GB 13, 2.4:JP 1, 2.5:2.5 mm, 2.7:JP 2, 2.75:US 2 \ GB 12, 3.0:GB 11 \ JP 3, 3.25:US 3 \ GB 10, 3.3:JP 4, 3.5:US 4, 3.6:JP 5, 3.75:US 5 \ GB 9, 3.9:JP 6, 4.0:US 6 \ GB 8, 4.2:JP 7, 4.5:US 7 \ GB 7 \ JP 8, 4.8:JP 9, 5.0:US 8 \ GB 6, 5.1:JP 10, 5.4:JP 11, 5.5:US 9 \ GB 5, 5.7:JP 12, 6.0:US 10 \ GB 4 \ JP 13, 6.3:JP 14, 6.5:US 10 ½ \ GB 3, 6.6:JP 15, 7.0:GB 2 \ JP 7 mm, 7.5:GB 1, 8.0:US 11 \ GB 0 \ JP 8mm, 9.0:US 13 \ GB 00 \ JP 9mm, 10.0:US 15 \ GB  000 \ JP 10mm, 12.0:US 17, 16.0:US 19, 19.0:US 35, 25.0:US 50]
width = 2; // [2:10]
thickness = 0.5; // [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0]
clearance = 0.5 + 0;
radius = (needle_size / 2 + width + clearance) / 0.9;
slot_width = 1 + 0;

linear_extrude(height = thickness) {
	difference() {
        circle(r=needle_size / 2 + width + clearance );
		scale([0.9, 1, 1]) circle(r=(needle_size / 2 + clearance) / 0.9);
	}
}

```


[User]
Hey, I need a custom pipe hanger designed in OpenSCAD. I've got a specific use case in mind, and I'd like it to be parametric so I can adjust it as needed.

Basically, I need a hanger to hold a pipe away from a wall. Think of it like a bracket with a circular opening for the pipe and two tabs for mounting on a wall. I'd like to be able to adjust the following:

*   **inner_dia:** The diameter of the circular opening for the pipe.
*   **wall:** The wall thickness of the circular loop.
*   **tab_length:** The length of the mounting tabs.
*   **tab_thickness:** The thickness of the mounting tabs.
*   **clip_width:** The height/width of the loop along the Z-axis.
*   **mount_hole_dia:** The diameter of the screw holes in the mounting tabs.
*   **opening:** A boolean (1 or 0) to control whether there's a gap in the pipe loop (1 for a gap, 0 for a solid loop).
*   **opening_width:** If 'opening' is set to 1, this is the width of the gap in the loop.
*   **center_to_wall_dist:** The distance from the center of the pipe loop to the wall mounting surface.
*   **fillet_radius:** The radius of the fillets where the loop connects to the wall mounting tabs.

I would also like it to include a sort of strengthening element for the arm going from the pipe to the wall mount. In the file I am working with, it is a long rectangle cut into the arm, but then a strengthening "bar" is added. This bar extends the full length of the cut and is angled from one end to the other.

I want to use the `BOSL` library for this, please. Let me know what you think. Thanks!

[Assistant]
pvc_pipe_hanger.scad:
```
// Pipe hanger
//John Finch 2-6-14

//User Inputs
inner_dia=16; 		//large inner hole
wall=3;  			//wall thickness of loop
tab_length=20; 		//mounting tab length
tab_thickness=5;		//mounting tab thickness
clip_width=10; 		//height of loop along Z axis
mount_hole_dia=4.5;	//screw hole diameter
opening=1;			//1 for a gap in loop, 0 for a solid loop
opening_width=14;	//opening width if enabled
center_to_wall_dist = 50.8; //Distance from center of support to wall
fillet_radius = 8;  //radius of fillet where support meets wall tabs

//end of user inputs
lightening_length = center_to_wall_dist - inner_dia/2-2*wall-tab_thickness;
lightening_width = inner_dia;
lightening_angle = atan(lightening_width/lightening_length);
cross_length = sqrt(lightening_length*lightening_length+lightening_width*lightening_width);

fn=20;

difference(){

	union(){
  	//place outer ring
	cylinder(h=clip_width,r1=inner_dia/2+wall,r2=inner_dia/2+wall,$fn=fn);

	//place mounting tabs
	translate([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness,-(inner_dia+2*wall+2*tab_length)/2,0])
	cube([tab_thickness,inner_dia+2*wall+2*tab_length,clip_width]);

	//place lower cube
	translate([0,-inner_dia/2-wall,0])
	cube([center_to_wall_dist,inner_dia+2*wall,clip_width]);

	//Place fillet cubes
	translate ([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness-fillet_radius,inner_dia/2+wall,0])
	cube([fillet_radius,fillet_radius,clip_width]);

	translate ([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness-fillet_radius,-inner_dia/2-wall-fillet_radius,0])
	cube([fillet_radius,fillet_radius,clip_width]);

	}

//cut fillet radai
translate ([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness-fillet_radius,inner_dia/2+wall+fillet_radius,0])
cylinder(h=clip_width,r1=fillet_radius, r2=fillet_radius,$fn=fn);

translate ([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness-fillet_radius,-inner_dia/2-wall-fillet_radius,0])
cylinder(h=clip_width,r1=fillet_radius, r2=fillet_radius,$fn=fn);

//Cut major lighting rectangle
translate([inner_dia/2+wall,-inner_dia/2,0])

cube([center_to_wall_dist - inner_dia/2-2*wall-tab_thickness,inner_dia,clip_width]);

//cut inner hole
cylinder(h=clip_width,r1=inner_dia/2,r2=inner_dia/2,$fn=fn);

//cut hole in mounting tab 1
translate([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness*1.01,-(inner_dia/2+wall+tab_length*3/4),clip_width/2])
rotate([0,90,0])
cylinder(h=tab_thickness*1.05,r1=mount_hole_dia/2,r2=mount_hole_dia/2,$fn=fn);

//cut hole in mounting tab 2
translate([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness*1.01,(inner_dia/2+wall+tab_length*3/4),clip_width/2])
rotate([0,90,0])
cylinder(h=tab_thickness*1.05,r1=mount_hole_dia/2,r2=mount_hole_dia/2,$fn=fn);

//slice ring
rotate([0,0,-90])
if (opening == 1)
	{
	translate([-(inner_dia/2+wall),-opening_width/2,0])
	cube([inner_dia/2,opening_width,clip_width]);
	}
}

//add strengthening bars to lightning hole
translate([inner_dia/2,-inner_dia/2-wall,0])
rotate([0,0,lightening_angle])
cube([cross_length+2*wall,wall,clip_width]);

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a customizable vase, or really a pen/flower pot, that's based on an extruded and twisted flower shape. I have a pretty clear idea of what I'd like, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD to make it parametric.

Here’s what I'm thinking:

The core of the design should revolve around a flower shape defined by petals and a center. I want to be able to control these aspects:

*   **Petal Length:**  I need a parameter to adjust the length of each petal, say from 50mm to 150mm.
*   **Petal Width:**  A parameter to set the width of each petal, maybe from 30mm to 130mm.
*   **Number of Petals:** I need to be able to specify the number of petals around the center, with a range of 3 to 12 petals.
*   **Petal Spacing:**  A parameter to control how far from the center the base of the petals start. I'd like to set this to allow petals to overlap with the center, or to start further out. Let's go from -20mm to 50mm, where negative values will move petals closer to the center.
*   **Flower Center:** A parameter for the size of the circle at the center of the flower, let's say 0mm to 50mm.
*   **Twist:** I want a parameter to define the twisting effect as the flower shape is extruded upwards. This should be measured in degrees, with a range from 0 to 720 degrees.
*   **Vase Height:**  I need a parameter for the overall height of the vase/pot, with a range of 0 to 720mm.
*   **Scale:** I also need a parameter to scale the entire flower shape before extrusion, expressed as a factor (e.g., 2 = 200%). Let's range that from 1 to 4.
*  **Double Twist:** I'd like a setting to enable a second vase with the same parameters but a negative twist to create a double twisting effect. This is a yes/no option.

For print quality purposes, it would be great if you could also provide parameters for the following:

*   **Layer Height:** A few predefined options for layer height to be used in the linear_extrude, for example, .2, 0.24, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mm.

Essentially, the design flow is that the code should define the flower shape, then linear extrude it with a twist to create the vase.  If the double twist setting is set to yes, the code should also create a vase with the same flower shape, but the opposite twist.

I do not need to use any third-party libraries to achieve this.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD code to accomplish this? Thanks!

[Assistant]
FlowerVase.scad:
```
//Petal Length (in mm)
petal_length = 100; // [50:150]

//Petal Width (in mm)
petal_width = 60; // [30:130]

//Number of Petals
no_of_petals = 7; // [3:12]

//Petal Spacing from center (in mm)
petal_spacing = 0; // [-20:50]

//Flower Center (in mm) (should bigger number than Petal Spacing)
center = 9; // [0:50]

//Angle to Rotate (in degrees)
twist = 90; // [0:720]

//Vase Height (in mm)
height = 80; // [0:720]

//Flower size increase (2 = 200%)
scale = 2; // [1:4]

/* Advanced Settings */

//Double Twist (opposite rotation)
anti = "no"; // [yes, no]

//Layer Height (in mm)
layerheight = .24; // [0.2, 0.24, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10]

/* [Hidden] */

$fs=0.8; // def 1, 0.2 is high res
$fa=4;//def 12, 3 is very nice

slices = height/layerheight;

module petal() {
	translate([-((petal_length/10)+petal_spacing),0,0]) scale([(petal_length/petal_width),1,1]) circle(5);
}

module flower() {
	for(p = [0:no_of_petals]) {
		rotate([0,0,p*(360/no_of_petals)]) petal();
	}
	circle(center);
}

module vase(twist){
	linear_extrude(
		height = height,
		center = true,
		convexity = 10,
		twist = twist,
		scale=scale,
		slices=slices){
			flower();
	}
}

vase(twist);

if (anti == "yes") {
	vase(-twist);
}

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a custom bracelet with text spiraling around it, similar to the concept in the provided description. I'd like the design to be parametric, so I can easily change the text, the size of the bracelet, and other features.

Here's what I need:

*   **Text Input:** I should be able to input any text string, and it will wrap around the bracelet.
*   **Wrist Diameter:** A parameter to set the diameter of the wrist that the bracelet is intended for. This will obviously affect the overall size of the bracelet and how much the text has to loop around.
*   **Font Size:** A parameter to adjust the size of the text.
*   **Band Height:** This controls the height of the bracelet band – like line spacing, but for the 3D shape.
*   **Bracelet Thickness:** A parameter to set the thickness of the bracelet itself – from thin and elegant to chunky.
*   **Font Choice:** I would like to be able to select a font from a predefined set. Let's say we could start with these options: "BlackRose", "Letters", "orbitron", and "knewave". I'd like to define these fonts as using their corresponding DXF files.
*   **Letter Depth:** I need a parameter to control how deep the letters are cut into the band.
*  **Cut Depth:** This is important! It should specify the depth of the cut that separates the spiral so that the bracelet prints as a single piece but can separate easily after printing.
*  **Spiral:** The text should be arranged in a spiral pattern that goes around the bracelet.
*   **OpenSCAD Libraries**: The design should utilize the `Write.scad` library to generate the text using the specified font files.

The bracelet should be designed so that it prints well without support. I imagine the design will involve a cylinder, then text is written around that cylinder using `writecylinder`. The script will then cut out a helical shape on the cylinder to make it into a bracelet.  The ends should be cut so that they don't look bad.

Could you generate the OpenSCAD file(s) to achieve this?

[Assistant]
poembracelet1_2.scad:
```
/* [Basics] */
// Insert your poem
text="This placeholder text just goes on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on and on...";
// (mm)
wristDiameter = 66;
// Smaller font size makes a smaller bracelet
fontSize = 6.0;

/* [Extras] */

// (mm) Just like line spacing
bandHeight = 12;
// (mm) Big and chunky or slim and elegant
braceletThickness = 1.2;
// Choose a font.
font = 1;// [0:BlackRose, 1:Letters, 2:orbitron, 3:knewave]
// (mm) Make the letters deeper
letterDepth = 2;
// (mm) the vertical depth of the helical cut around the cylinder. About one layer height. Adjust this until the spiral separates easily.
cutDepth = 0.4;

/* [Hidden] */
// All done. Customizer doesn't need to see all this
font_array = ["BlackRose.dxf", "Letters.dxf", "orbitron.dxf", "knewave.dxf"];
wristRadius = wristDiameter/2;
$fa = 2;
use <write/Write.scad>
circumference = 2*3.14159*(wristRadius+braceletThickness);

space = 1;
//fontSize=8;
wid=(.125* fontSize *5.5 * space);
tiltedTextScaleFactor = sqrt(bandHeight*bandHeight + circumference*circumference)/circumference;
lengthOfText = wid*(len(text))*tiltedTextScaleFactor;//*.99 to fudge for the diagonal
numberOfTwists = lengthOfText/circumference;
angleOffset = (((numberOfTwists)/2)*360);

length = (numberOfTwists+1)*bandHeight;
rotate([0,0,angleOffset])
difference(){
tube();
spiralcut();
bottomEndCut();
topEndCut();
};
rotate([0,0,angleOffset]){
//color("pink")bottomEndCut();
//color("purple")topEndCut();
//%helix();
}

tiltAngle = atan(bandHeight/circumference)*1;
textTilt = tiltAngle*1.5;//This just works. Not sure why...

color("green")writecylinder(text,[0,0,0],t = letterDepth,radius=wristRadius+braceletThickness,height=0,h=fontSize,space=space,rotate=textTilt,east=90,up=bandHeight*.02,font=font_array[font]);

module tube(){
difference(){
cylinder(r = wristRadius+braceletThickness, h = length,center=true);
cylinder(r = wristRadius, h = length+1,center=true);
}
}

module spiralcut(){
angleRotate = ($fs/circumference)*360;
for(i = [0:ceil(circumference*(numberOfTwists+1)/$fs)]){
translate([0,0,sin(angleRotate)*$fs*i])rotate([0,0,-angleRotate*i])
translate([wristRadius,0,-length/2-cutDepth/2])rotate([-tiltAngle,0,0])cube([braceletThickness*3,$fs*1.05,cutDepth], center = true);
}
}
module bottomEndCut(){
angleRotate = ($fs/circumference)*360;
//echo ("angleRotate ",angleRotate);
for(i = [ceil(circumference/$fs):ceil(circumference/$fs)]){
translate([0,0,sin(angleRotate)*$fs*i])rotate([0,0,-angleRotate*i])
translate([wristRadius,0,-length/2-cutDepth/2])rotate([-tiltAngle,0,0])translate([0,0,-(bandHeight/2+cutDepth*1.5)])cube([braceletThickness*3,$fs*1.05,bandHeight+cutDepth*3], center = true);
}
}
module topEndCut(){
angleRotate = ($fs/circumference)*360;
//echo ("angleRotate ",angleRotate);
for(i = [ceil(circumference*(numberOfTwists+1)/$fs):ceil(circumference*(numberOfTwists+2)/$fs)-1]){
translate([0,0,sin(angleRotate)*$fs*i])rotate([0,0,-angleRotate*i])
translate([wristRadius,0,-length/2-cutDepth/2])rotate([-tiltAngle,0,0])translate([0,0,-(bandHeight/2+cutDepth*1.5)])cube([braceletThickness*3,$fs*1.05,bandHeight+cutDepth*3], center = true);
}
}

// Unused module.
module helix(){
angleRotate = ($fs/circumference)*360;
//echo ("angleRotate ",angleRotate);
for(i = [-ceil(circumference*(numberOfTwists)/$fs):ceil(circumference*(numberOfTwists)/$fs)-1]){
translate([0,0,sin(angleRotate)*$fs*i])rotate([0,0,-angleRotate*i])
translate([wristRadius,0,length/2+cutDepth/2])rotate([-tiltAngle,0,0])translate([0,0,-(bandHeight/2+cutDepth)])
	cube([braceletThickness*3,$fs*1.0,bandHeight], center = true);
}
}
echo ("tiltedTextScaleFactor",tiltedTextScaleFactor);

```


[User]
I need a pipe hanger designed in OpenSCAD. It should have a circular loop to hold the pipe, with mounting tabs on one side to attach it to a wall.

Here are the key parameters I need to be able to adjust:

*   **`inner_dia`**: The inner diameter of the pipe-holding loop.
*   **`wall`**: The thickness of the loop's wall.
*   **`tab_length`**: The length of the mounting tabs extending from the loop.
*   **`tab_thickness`**: The thickness of the mounting tabs.
*  **`clip_width`**: The overall height/width of the hanger along the Z-axis.
*   **`mount_hole_dia`**: The diameter of the screw holes in the mounting tabs.
*   **`opening`**: A boolean (0 or 1) to control whether there is a gap in the loop. 1 means there's a gap; 0 means the loop is solid.
*   **`opening_width`**: The width of the gap in the loop, if `opening` is set to 1.
*   **`center_to_wall_dist`**: The distance from the center of the pipe loop to the wall/mounting surface.
*   **`fillet_radius`**: The radius of the fillets where the mounting tabs meet the support structure.

I need the main support structure to be a solid bar connecting the loop to the wall mounts.  There should also be a strengthening bar across the loop opening. This bar should run in a top-bottom configuration, rather than diagonally as it currently does.  I'd like you to use `fn=20` for the circular elements.

Could you please generate the OpenSCAD code for this?

[Assistant]
Pipe_hanger_fixed_strengthbar.scad:
```
// Pipe hanger
//John Finch 2-6-14

//User Inputs
inner_dia=16; 		//large inner hole
wall=3;  			//wall thickness of loop
tab_length=20; 		//mounting tab length
tab_thickness=5;		//mounting tab thickness
clip_width=10; 		//height of loop along Z axis
mount_hole_dia=4.5;	//screw hole diameter
opening=1;			//1 for a gap in loop, 0 for a solid loop
opening_width=14;	//opening width if enabled
center_to_wall_dist = 50.8; //Distance from center of support to wall
fillet_radius = 8;  //radius of fillet where support meets wall tabs

//end of user inputs
lightening_length = center_to_wall_dist - inner_dia/2-2*wall-tab_thickness;
lightening_width = inner_dia;
lightening_angle = atan(lightening_width/lightening_length);
cross_length = sqrt(lightening_length*lightening_length+lightening_width*lightening_width);

fn=20;

difference(){

	union(){
  	//place outer ring
	cylinder(h=clip_width,r1=inner_dia/2+wall,r2=inner_dia/2+wall,$fn=fn);

	//place mounting tabs
	translate([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness,-(inner_dia+2*wall+2*tab_length)/2,0])
	cube([tab_thickness,inner_dia+2*wall+2*tab_length,clip_width]);

	//place lower cube
	translate([0,-inner_dia/2-wall,0])
	cube([center_to_wall_dist,inner_dia+2*wall,clip_width]);

	//Place fillet cubes
	translate ([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness-fillet_radius,inner_dia/2+wall,0])
	cube([fillet_radius,fillet_radius,clip_width]);

	translate ([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness-fillet_radius,-inner_dia/2-wall-fillet_radius,0])
	cube([fillet_radius,fillet_radius,clip_width]);

	}

//cut fillet radai
translate ([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness-fillet_radius,inner_dia/2+wall+fillet_radius,0])
cylinder(h=clip_width,r1=fillet_radius, r2=fillet_radius,$fn=fn);

translate ([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness-fillet_radius,-inner_dia/2-wall-fillet_radius,0])
cylinder(h=clip_width,r1=fillet_radius, r2=fillet_radius,$fn=fn);

//Cut major lighting rectangle
translate([inner_dia/2+wall,-inner_dia/2,0])

cube([center_to_wall_dist - inner_dia/2-2*wall-tab_thickness,inner_dia,clip_width]);

//cut inner hole
cylinder(h=clip_width,r1=inner_dia/2,r2=inner_dia/2,$fn=fn);

//cut hole in mounting tab 1
translate([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness*1.01,-(inner_dia/2+wall+tab_length*3/4),clip_width/2])
rotate([0,90,0])
cylinder(h=tab_thickness*1.05,r1=mount_hole_dia/2,r2=mount_hole_dia/2,$fn=fn);

//cut hole in mounting tab 2
translate([center_to_wall_dist-tab_thickness*1.01,(inner_dia/2+wall+tab_length*3/4),clip_width/2])
rotate([0,90,0])
cylinder(h=tab_thickness*1.05,r1=mount_hole_dia/2,r2=mount_hole_dia/2,$fn=fn);

//slice ring
rotate([0,0,-90])
if (opening == 1)
	{
	translate([-(inner_dia/2+wall),-opening_width/2,0])
	cube([inner_dia/2,opening_width,clip_width]);
	}
}

//add strengthening bars to lightning hole
translate([inner_dia/2,inner_dia/2,0])
rotate([0,0,-lightening_angle])
cube([cross_length+2*wall,wall,clip_width]);

```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create some custom caps and connectors for standard caulking tubes, and I need a parametric OpenSCAD design. I've seen some commercial "universal" caps and dispenser tubes that snap onto the end of caulk tubes, and I'd like to replicate and extend that idea to create my own.

Essentially, I need to generate two different types of objects: a simple cap that seals off the tube and a connector with a hole through the center for attaching other parts, like a mold or a dispensing tip. The design needs to handle different caulking tube sizes because they vary between manufacturers. I’d like the system to take care of the sizing and slop automatically using a lookup table, or something similar. I need it to be relatively easy to add new caulk tube profiles.

Here's the basic breakdown of what I need:

**Core Functionality:**

1.  **Caulk Tube Profiles:** The design needs to use a set of known caulk tube profiles (sizes, lengths, and angles of their nozzles), or some other easily extended method to provide this information. I can supply you with some initial data for common brands if that would help, such as DAP Alex Plus, GE Silicone I, PL Construction Adhesive, Loctite Power Grab, and QuickCrete polyurethane construction adhesive. The caulk tips look a bit like a series of increasingly wider cones.

2.  **Fitting Slop:** I need a parameter to control how tightly the cap fits onto the tube. This "slop" will let me make the fit looser (or tighter if I wanted, I guess, but generally looser). I should be able to use this value to add a little bit to the radius of each part of the cap to make it more loose.

3.  **Cap Wall Thickness:** For closed caps, I need a parameter for the wall thickness.

4.  **Tip Extension:** Some tubes have rounded tips.  I want an option to extend the cap to create a sharper point if needed. So, if this option is enabled, the tip of the cap should extend to create a sharp point using the profile of the first segment of the caulk tube's tip as the basis for the cone.

5.  **Connector Hole:** The connector option should have a hole through the center. The diameter of this hole should be adjustable.

6.  **Extension Option:** The connector should have an optional cylindrical extension beyond the main fitting to provide an attachment surface to other parts. This extension should have an adjustable diameter and length. If the extension diameter is set to zero, it should default to the last cone diameter on the caulk tube itself.

**Specific Parts:**

*   **Cap:** The cap should conform to the caulk tube's shape.
*   **Connector:** Similar to the cap, but with the center hole and optional extension.

**Parametric Design:**

*   I need to be able to select the tube I want to design for. It should default to a "universal" model, where the design will fit all of the tubes in the profile table.
*   Everything should be configurable through variables in OpenSCAD, obviously.

**Output:**

*   The design should be able to generate either closed caps or connectors based on parameters.
*   The OpenSCAD file(s) you provide should be parametric.

I don’t think there are any libraries in use here, but if there is something you think might help, or if there are standards for fitting caulk tubes that would help, feel free to include that in the response. Thanks!

[Assistant]
silicone_cap.scad:
```
/*
This is for generating caps and connectors for silicone and other caulking gun tubes.

This is released under Creative Commons - Attribution - Share alike

For the attribution part, you can reference:
	http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:444579

*/

/* [main] */

// What do we want to create
goal=0; // [0:complete, 1:just the inside fitting]

// What do we want this cap to fit
cap_for=-1; // [-1:Universal,0:DAP Alex Plus,1:GE Silicone I,2:PL Construction Adhesive,3:Loctite Power Grab,4:QuickCrete polyurethane construction adhesive]

// Used to make the fit a little looser than the exact size of the nozzle (0=exact size of the tube .. 3=very loose)
fitting_slop=1;

// How thick the walls of the cap are (when goal=complete)
thickness=1.5;

// The tip on the tubes are usually not sharp, but blunted.  This will extend the tip to a sharp point.
extend_tip=true;

// If you want to include a hole for attaching your tube to something else (like a mold or an applicator tip)
hole=0;

// If you want to extend the cap for attaching your tube to something else (like a mold or an applicator tip)
extend=0;

// The diameter of the extension (if 0, then it will be simply the dia of the last section)
extend_dia=0;

// For visualization purposes.  TURN OFF WHEN CREATING STL!!!
cutaway=false;

/* [hidden] */

// this is the table of known caulking tube tips.  The numbers are dia,len,dia,... of each sloped section from top to bottom.
t=[["DAP Alex Plus",3.54,22.3,11.49,52.04,15.78,0,15.78],
["GE Silicone I",3.41,22.59,11.20,51.97,15.54,0,15.54],
["PL Construction Adhesive",3.35,20.05,10.64,36.64,12.57,14.53,17.21],
["Loctite Power Grab",2.62,28.67,12.36,30.96,15.20,7.35,15.20],
["QuickCrete polyurethane construction adhesive",5.01,20.06,11.41,42.97,14.92,6.68,15.90]];

module capsection(a,oversize_r=0,inside=false,i=2){
	r1=a[i-1]/2+oversize_r;
	h=a[i];
	r2=a[i+1]/2+oversize_r;
	projected_r=a[1]/2+oversize_r;
	projected_angle=asin(projected_r/a[2]);
	projected_h=(extend_tip==true)?projected_r/sin(projected_angle):0;
	extend_dia=extend_dia<=0?projected_r*2:extend_dia;
	extend=extend<=0?0:extend;
	nudge=i==2?max(extend,projected_h):0;
	translate([0,0,nudge]) if(a[i]!=undef&&a[i]>0) {
		echo(str("r1=",r1," r2=",r2," h=",h," projected_angle=",projected_angle));
		if(projected_h>0&&i==2&&inside==false){
			translate([0,0,-projected_h]) color([1,0,0]) cylinder(r1=0.001,r2=projected_r,h=projected_h,$fn=32);
			if(inside==false&&extend>0){
				translate([0,0,-max(extend,projected_h)]) cylinder(r=extend_dia/2,h=max(extend,projected_h),$fn=32);
			}
		}else{
			if(inside==false&&extend>0){
				translate([0,0,-extend]) cylinder(r=extend_dia/2,h=max(extend,projected_h),$fn=32);
			}
		}
		cylinder(r1=r1,r2=r2,h=h,$fn=32);
		if(inside==false&&extend>0){
			cylinder(r=extend_dia/2,h=max(extend,h),$fn=32);
		}
		translate([0,0,a[i]]) capsection(a,oversize_r,inside,i+2);
	}
}

module conehead(i,oversize_r=0,inside=false) {
	echo(str("----->",t[i][0]));
	capsection(t[i],oversize_r,inside);
}

module conehead_all(oversize_r=0,inside=false){
	union() {
		for(i=[0:len(t)-1]){
			//translate([i*10,0,0])
			conehead(i,oversize_r,inside);
		}
	}
}

if (cap_for<0){
	difference() {
		if(goal==0) {
			translate([0,0,-scoche]) conehead_all(fitting_slop+thickness);
		}
		conehead_all(fitting_slop,true);
		if(cutaway) translate([0,0,-100]) cube([100,100,200]); // cutaway
		if(hole>0){
			translate([0,0,-250]) cylinder(r=hole,h=500,$fn=32);
		}
	}
}else{
	difference() {
		if(goal==0){
			translate([0,0,-scoche]) conehead(cap_for,fitting_slop+thickness);
		}
		conehead(cap_for,fitting_slop,true);
		if(cutaway) translate([0,0,-100]) cube([100,100,200]); // cutaway
		if(hole>0){
			translate([0,0,-250]) cylinder(r=hole,h=500,$fn=32);
		}
	}
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a custom adapter for my rifle scope so I can attach a digital night vision add-on. I need an OpenSCAD design that will essentially convert the scope's eyepiece into a standard 40mm ABS waste pipe fitting. I've got some measurements, and I'd really like the design to be parametric so I can tweak it if I need to.

Here are the key dimensions:

*   **Scope Eyepiece Diameter:** This is the diameter of the scope's eyepiece, where the adapter will slide onto. Let's call this `scope_dia`, and its initial value should be 50mm.
*   **Insert Length:** This is the length of the cylindrical section that fits onto the scope's eyepiece. I need this to be 40mm, called `insert_length`.
*   **Pipe Outside Diameter:** This will be the outer diameter of the waste pipe that the adapter will slide into and be glued to, and it's 43mm, called `pipe_outside_diameter`.
*   **Pipe Inside Diameter:** This will be the inner diameter of the pipe fitting that the adapter will be glued to, which will be 40mm, named `pipe_inside_diameter`.

The adapter should have a few key features:

1.  **Scope Mount:** A cylindrical socket that fits snugly around the scope's eyepiece.
2.  **Taper:** A short tapered section that transitions from the scope mount to the pipe fitting section.
3.  **Pipe Spigot:** A cylindrical spigot that fits inside the 40mm waste pipe.
4.  **Cutouts:** A couple of small cutouts near the scope mount, to provide a bit of flex for the initial scope fit.
5.  **Hole:** The adapter should be hollow all the way through to allow light to pass through.

I think it would be best if it was designed to be printed standing up for strength, with the spigot at the bottom, so ideally, it would be generated upside down. This should be printable on a standard FDM 3D printer.

I think that's everything. Let me know if you need any more details or if you have any questions. I'd like to see this all done in a single SCAD file, if possible.

[Assistant]
scope_adapter.scad:
```
scope_dia = 50;
insert_length = 40;
pipe_outside_diameter = 43;
pipe_inside_diameter = 40;

module scope_adapter(){
difference(){
union(){

//create main scope eye piece tube
cylinder(r=(scope_dia + 4)/2,h=insert_length,$fn=50);

//create taper between eye piece and spigot
translate([0,0,insert_length]) cylinder(r1=(scope_dia+4)/2,r2=pipe_inside_diameter/2,h=10);

//create spigot for gluing inside 40mm solvent weld waste pipe
translate([0,0,insert_length+10]) cylinder(r=pipe_inside_diameter/2,h=20,$fn=60);
}

//create socket for scope eye piece
translate([0,0,-2]) cylinder(r=(scope_dia)/2,h=insert_length+2,$fn=40);

//hollow out taper section
translate([0,0,insert_length-3]) cylinder(r1=(scope_dia)/2,r2=(pipe_outside_diameter-4)/2,h=14);

//create a couple of cut out for a bit of give
translate([scope_dia/2-1,-2,-1]) cube([4,4,insert_length/2]);
translate([-scope_dia/2-3,-2,-1]) cube([4,4,insert_length/2]);

//create hole through top spigot
translate([0,0,insert_length+10]) cylinder(r=(pipe_inside_diameter-4)/2,h=25);
}
}

//generate model and flip upside down for easier printing
translate([0,0,insert_length+30]) rotate([180,0,0]) scope_adapter();

```


[User]
I need a parametric battery holder designed in OpenSCAD. It should hold cylindrical button batteries end-to-end.

Here are the parameters I need to be able to control:

*   `battery_diam`: The diameter of the battery.
*   `battery_width`: The width (thickness) of a single battery.
*   `battery_count`: The number of batteries to hold.
*   `wire_hole_diam`: The diameter of the holes for the wires to pass through.
*   `wire_hook_width`: The width of the wire hooks (the little tabs to help retain the wires).
*   `wire_hook_height`: The height of those wire hook tabs.

The design should have a basic rectangular base with a cylindrical void running lengthwise to house the batteries.  There should be small circular wire holes on each end through the base, and small wire-hook features extending from the top and bottom of the main body.

The whole thing should be parametric, allowing me to change the number of batteries or battery sizes. I'm not looking for anything fancy, just a functional battery holder. And please make sure it's reasonably robust so it won't break easily. I do _not_ have any existing SCAD code; please start from scratch.

[Assistant]
battery_holder.scad:
```
battery_diam = 12;
battery_width = 5.5;
battery_count = 3;
wire_hole_diam = 1;
wire_hook_width = 1.5;
wire_hook_height = 1.5;

///

$fn=50;
length = battery_width * battery_count;

union() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			translate([-length/2-2,-battery_diam/2-2,-battery_diam/2-2]) cube([length+4, battery_diam+4, battery_diam/2+2]);
		}

		union() {
			translate([0,0,0]) rotate(90, [0,1,0]) cylinder(r=battery_diam/2, h=length, center=true);
			translate([-length/2+wire_hole_diam/2,0,-battery_diam/2+wire_hole_diam/2]) rotate(90, [1,0,0]) cylinder(r=wire_hole_diam/2, h=battery_diam+6, center=true);
			translate([length/2-wire_hole_diam/2,0,-battery_diam/2+wire_hole_diam/2]) rotate(90, [1,0,0]) cylinder(r=wire_hole_diam/2, h=battery_diam+6, center=true);
		}
	}

	difference() {
		union() {
			translate([-length/2-2, 0, 0]) rotate(90, [0,1,0]) cylinder(r=battery_diam/2+2, h=2);
			translate([+length/2, 0, 0]) rotate(90, [0,1,0]) cylinder(r=battery_diam/2+2, h=2);
		}

		union() {
			translate([0,wire_hook_width,battery_diam/2+2-wire_hook_height/2]) cube([length+5,wire_hook_width,wire_hook_height], center=true);
			translate([0,-wire_hook_width,battery_diam/2+2-wire_hook_height/2]) cube([length+5,wire_hook_width,wire_hook_height], center=true);
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a container for energy bars that mounts on the top tube of a bike, like a little speedbox. I've seen a design online but I want to customize it for my particular needs.

Essentially, I need a two-part container: a box and a cover. The box will clamp onto the bike's top tube with cable ties. I'll need to specify the diameter or circumference of the top tube so it fits snugly. The box will hold a certain number of energy bars and I need to be able to set their dimensions as well as how many I want along the x and y axes. There should also be some extra space around the bars, and I need to be able to control the wall thickness and chamfer sizes for both the box and the cover. Oh, and I need to specify some spacing between the box and cover, and between the top of the energy bar and the cover. I'd like to control the size of the gap where the cable ties go and how far back from the center that gap is.

I also need a hinge between the box and cover, and some kind of nose to keep the cover shut. When generating the files, I need to have the box and cover separate for printing, with a little space between the parts so that they don't fuse together.

For display in the preview, I'd like to be able to see the assembled box and also the box and cover alone. I want to see it attached to a tube in the display as well. Also for display, I want to be able to open the cover by specifying an angle.

For libraries I will be using `utils/build_plate.scad`. Could you generate an OpenSCAD file, or files, to accomplish this? Thanks!

[Assistant]
EnergyBarContainer.scad:
```
//************************************************************************************************/
/* EnergyBarContainer - Copyright 2014 by ohecker                                                */
/* Caution: Be aware of food safety issues. Only print / use this if you know what you are doing!*/
/* This file is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed) */
/*************************************************************************************************/
use <utils/build_plate.scad>

/* [Basic] */

// Which one would you like to see? (effect on display only)
part = "assembled"; // [assembled:Assembled Container,box:Box Only,cover:Cover Only,print:Box and Cover for Printing]

// How do you measure the size of the top tube given below?
TopTubeMeasurementKind = 2.0; // [1.0:radius, 2.0:diameter, 6.283:circumference]

// What is the radius/diameter/circumference of the bikes top tube? (mm)
TopTubeMeasurement = 40.4;

// Width of the opening for the cable tie (mm)
BinderCutoutWidth = 6;

// Height of the opening for the cable tie (mm)
BinderCutoutHeight = 2;

// Offset of the cable tie position from the middle (mm); Positive is direction to the rear
BinderOffset = 0;

// Protrusion of the energy bar from the box (mm)
BoxClipping = 10;

/* [Payload] */

// Size of the energy bar (X-dimension; mm)
PayloadX = 91.2;

// Size of the energy bar (Y-dimension; mm)
PayloadY = 11.0;

// Size of the energy bar (Z-dimension; mm)
PayloadZ = 31.0;

// Number of energy bars to store in X-dimension
PayloadCountX = 1; // [0:10]

// Number of energy bars to store in Y-dimension
PayloadCountY = 3; // [0:10]

// Extra space around energy bar (mm)
PayloadExtra=1;

/* [Advanced] */

// How thick should the walls of the box be? (mm)
BoxWall = 2.5;

// The size of the chamfer. Less than the wall thickness. (mm)
BoxChamfer = 1.5;

// Thickness of the wall of the cover (mm)
CoverWall = 2.5;

// Space between box and cover (mm)
CoverSpacing = 0.5;

// Space at top between energy bar and cover (mm)
CoverTopSpacing=2;

// Width of the chamfer of the cover (mm)
CoverChamfer = 1.5;

// Distance of both parts on print bed (mm); You might need to increase this if the box for the payload is small compared to the top tube diameter.
PartPrintingDistance = 4;

// Opening angle in assembly rendering (degrees; effect on display only)
openingAngle = 60; // [0:90]

/* [Build Plate] */

//for display only, doesn't contribute to final object
build_plate_selector = 0; //[0:Replicator 2,1: Replicator,2:Thingomatic,3:Manual]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate x dimension
build_plate_manual_x = 100; //[100:400]

//when Build Plate Selector is set to "manual" this controls the build plate y dimension
build_plate_manual_y = 100; //[100:400]

/* [Hidden] */

// technical constants
$fn=100;
epsilon = 0.01;

// Width of the clip for the top tube (mm)
ClipWidth = 3;

// Length of the clips for the top tube (mm); Only applies if ClipCutoutDepths is greater than 0.
ClipLength = 20;

// Angle of the clips for the top tube (degrees)
ClipAngle = 90;

// Depth of the space between the clips (mm); negative value: no cutout
ClipCutoutDepths = 8;

// Distance of the hinge axis from the box (mm)
HingeOffset = 4;

// Radius (big one) of the hinge cone (mm)
HingeRadius1 = 3;

// Radius (small one) of the hinge cone (mm)
HingeRadius2 = 1;

// Height of the hinge cone (mm)
HingeHeight = 1.5;

// Thickness of the hinge (mm)
HingeThickness = 2;

// Size of the little nose for keeping the cover closed (mm)
NoseSize = 3;

// Thickness of the hinge in the cover (mm)
CoverHingeThickness=2.2;

// derived dimensions
TopTubeRadius = TopTubeMeasurement / TopTubeMeasurementKind;

BoxX = PayloadCountX*(PayloadX+PayloadExtra) + (1+PayloadCountX)*BoxWall;
BoxY = PayloadCountY*(PayloadY+PayloadExtra) + (1+PayloadCountY)*BoxWall;
BoxZ = PayloadZ-BoxClipping+2;

ClipCutoutLength = BoxX-2*ClipLength;

BinderCutoutRadius = TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth/2; //-BinderCutoutHeight/2;

module EnergyBar() {
	color("brown")
	translate([0,0,PayloadZ/2-BoxClipping]) cube([PayloadX, PayloadY, PayloadZ], center=true);
}

module SinglePayloadCutout() {
	translate([0,0,PayloadZ/2-BoxClipping])cube([PayloadX+PayloadExtra, PayloadY+PayloadExtra, PayloadZ], center=true);
}

module RoundedCube(height) {
	minkowski() {
		cube([/*TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth+BoxZ*/height,BoxY-2*BoxChamfer,BoxX-2*BoxChamfer], center=true);
		rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=BoxChamfer,h=epsilon,$fn=20);
	}
}

module CableTie(pos) {
	translate([0,0,pos-BinderCutoutWidth/2])
	difference() {
		cylinder(r=BinderCutoutRadius+BinderCutoutHeight,h=BinderCutoutWidth);
		translate([0,0,-epsilon])cylinder(r=BinderCutoutRadius,h=BinderCutoutWidth+2*epsilon);
	}
}

module TopTubeClipBase() {
	difference() {
		cylinder(r=TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth,h=BoxX);
		translate([(TopTubeRadius)*sin(ClipAngle-90),0,0])translate([TopTubeRadius,0,BoxX/2])cube([2*TopTubeRadius,4*TopTubeRadius,BoxX+2*epsilon],center=true);
	}
}

module CubeWithClip() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			translate([-(TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth)-(BoxZ)/2,0,BoxX/2])RoundedCube(BoxZ);
			hull() {
				translate([-(TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth),0,BoxX/2])RoundedCube(epsilon);
				TopTubeClipBase();
			}
		}
		translate([0,0,-epsilon]) cylinder(r=TopTubeRadius,h=BoxX+2*epsilon);
		CableTie(BoxX/2+BinderOffset);
	}
}

module ClipSmoothing(ClipAngle_r) {
	rotate([0,0,ClipAngle_r])translate([-(TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth/2),0,0])cylinder(r=ClipWidth/2,BoxX);
}

module payloadPattern() {
	IncrementX = PayloadX+PayloadExtra+BoxWall;
	IncrementY = PayloadY+PayloadExtra+BoxWall;
	StartX = -(PayloadCountX-1)/2*IncrementX;
	StartY = -(PayloadCountY-1)/2*IncrementY;
	for( x = [0:PayloadCountX-1] ) {
		assign( PayloadPosX = StartX + x*IncrementX ) {
			for( y = [0:PayloadCountY-1] ) {
				assign( PayloadPosY = StartY + y*IncrementY ) {
					translate([PayloadPosX,PayloadPosY,0]) child();
				}
			}

		}
	}
}
module payloadCutouts() {
	payloadPattern() SinglePayloadCutout();
}

module BoxWOHinge() {
	difference() {
		translate([BoxX/2,0,TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth+BoxZ])rotate([0,-90,0])union() {
			CubeWithClip();
			ClipSmoothing(ClipAngle);
			ClipSmoothing(-ClipAngle);
		}
		translate([0,0,3*TopTubeRadius/2+TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth+BoxZ-ClipCutoutDepths])cube([ClipCutoutLength,BoxY+2*TopTubeRadius,3*TopTubeRadius],center=true);
		payloadCutouts();
	}
}

module Hinge() {
translate([-HingeOffset+epsilon,0,-HingeOffset])
	union() {
		translate([-HingeOffset,0,0])cube([2*HingeOffset,HingeThickness,HingeOffset]);
		translate([0,0,-HingeOffset])cube([HingeOffset,HingeThickness,2*HingeOffset]);
		rotate([-90,0,0])cylinder(r=HingeOffset,h=HingeThickness);
		translate([0,epsilon,0])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r1=HingeRadius1,r2=HingeRadius2,h=HingeHeight);
	}
}

module Nose() {
	intersection() {
		rotate([0,45,0])cube(NoseSize,center=true);
		translate([-10+epsilon,0,0])cube(20,center=true);
	}
}

module BoxWithHinge() {
	union() {
		BoxWOHinge();
		translate([BoxX/2,-BoxY/2+HingeThickness,0])rotate([0,180,0])Hinge();
		mirror([0,1,0])translate([BoxX/2,-BoxY/2+HingeThickness,0])rotate([0,180,0])Hinge();
		translate([-BoxX/2,0,HingeOffset])Nose();
	}
}

module CoverCube() {
	reducedWall = CoverWall - CoverChamfer;
	minkowski() {
		cube([BoxX+2*HingeOffset+2*CoverSpacing+2*reducedWall, BoxY+2*CoverSpacing+2*reducedWall,BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+2*HingeOffset+reducedWall-CoverChamfer],center=true);
		union() {
			translate([0,0,CoverChamfer/2-epsilon])cylinder(r1=CoverChamfer,r2=0,h=CoverChamfer,center=true,$fn=20);
			translate([0,0,-CoverChamfer/2+epsilon])cylinder(r1=0,r2=CoverChamfer,h=CoverChamfer,center=true,$fn=20);
		}
	}
}

module Cover() {
	difference() {
		union() {
			difference() {
				translate([0,0,(BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+2*HingeOffset+CoverWall)/2])
					CoverCube();
				translate([0,0,(BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+2*HingeOffset)/2+CoverWall+epsilon])
					cube([BoxX+2*HingeOffset+2*CoverSpacing, BoxY+2*CoverSpacing,BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+2*HingeOffset+2*epsilon],center=true);
			}
			translate([-HingeOffset+(BoxX+2*HingeOffset+2*CoverSpacing)/2+epsilon,-CoverHingeThickness/2+(BoxY+2*CoverSpacing)/2+epsilon,(BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+HingeOffset+CoverWall)/2])
				cube([2*HingeOffset,CoverHingeThickness,BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+HingeOffset+CoverWall],center=true);
			translate([(BoxX)/2,(BoxY+2*CoverSpacing)/2+epsilon,BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+HingeOffset+CoverWall])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=HingeOffset,h=CoverHingeThickness);
			mirror([0,1,0])translate([-HingeOffset+(BoxX+2*HingeOffset+2*CoverSpacing)/2+epsilon,-CoverHingeThickness/2+(BoxY+2*CoverSpacing)/2+epsilon,(BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+HingeOffset+CoverWall)/2])
				cube([2*HingeOffset,CoverHingeThickness,BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+HingeOffset+CoverWall],center=true);
			mirror([0,1,0])translate([(BoxX)/2,(BoxY+2*CoverSpacing)/2+epsilon,BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+HingeOffset+CoverWall])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=HingeOffset,h=CoverHingeThickness);
		}
		translate([-HingeOffset,0,BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+CoverWall])BoxWithHinge();
	}
}

module assembled() {
	rotate([0,180,0])
	union() {
		BoxWithHinge();
		payloadPattern() EnergyBar();
		color("grey")translate([BoxX/2,0,TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth+BoxZ])rotate([0,-90,0])CableTie(BoxX/2+BinderOffset);
		color("lightblue")translate([0,0,TopTubeRadius+ClipWidth+BoxZ])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=TopTubeRadius,h=BoxX+50,center=true);
		translate([BoxX/2+HingeOffset,0,HingeOffset])rotate([0,-openingAngle,0])translate([-(BoxX/2),0,-(BoxClipping+CoverTopSpacing+HingeOffset+CoverWall)])Cover();
	}
}

module printAll() {
	union() {
		translate([0,BoxY/2+PartPrintingDistance/2,0])BoxWithHinge();
		translate([0,-(BoxY+2*CoverSpacing+2*CoverWall)/2-PartPrintingDistance/2,0])Cover();
		translate([0,-CoverChamfer/2,1/2])cube([1,CoverChamfer+PartPrintingDistance+2*epsilon,1],center=true);
	}
	build_plate(build_plate_selector,build_plate_manual_x,build_plate_manual_y);

}
module printPart() {
	if (part == "assembled") {
		assembled();
	} else if (part == "box") {
		rotate([180,0,0])BoxWithHinge();
	} else if (part == "cover") {
		Cover();
	} else if (part == "print") {
		printAll();
	} else {
		printAll();
	}
}
printPart();

```


[User]
I'd like to design an eccentric ball, you know, one that doesn't roll normally because the weight is off-center. I have an existing design in mind, but I want to make it parametric, and I'd like your help generating the OpenSCAD files.

The basic concept is that it's a hollow sphere made of three parts: two identical caps and a center section. The center section has a thin diaphragm across the middle. The caps fit onto the center to make a complete sphere. The idea is that during the printing of the center piece, you'd pause halfway, insert some sort of dense object on one side of the diaphragm, and then continue the print. The user then glues the two caps on. The goal is to have the weight inside to be off-center. I need the ability to specify a few basic things like the inner diameter of the ball, wall thickness, and the diaphragm thickness. I'd also like an option to not have that cavity to put weight into.

I would like the three components to be in separate files, but then also have a fourth file that puts it all together so that it can be seen before printing. Also, it would be really useful if you could use the BOSL2 library in the OpenSCAD files.

[Assistant]
excenter_ball_1.scad:
```

// date: 2014
// author: Lukas Süss aka mechadense
// title: excenter ball
// license: public domain

/*
This is a toy ball with a decentral center of gravity that makes it behave in an uncommon way.

When the center part is printed halfway put in something heavy on one side (e.g. a nut or some piece of scrap iron). WARNING: Check if the overstanding piece will not crash into yor fanduct before you put it in. When finished glue the caps on (~33% infill) to make a complete sphere. You might want to lock the enclosed mass so that is does not rattle and thus does not quickly stops movement (e.g. with a folded piece of paper).

There's also a fill option but then you need to print the center part near 100% infill and will get at best 1/5th the effect of an iron fill.

density iron:  	7.874 g/ccm
density plastic: ~1.2 g/ccm

Give it your cat to play or find some other unique application.

*/

/* [parameters] */

part = "all"; // [all,cap,center]

// inner ball diameter (outer diameter is inner + 4*t)
d = 25;
// wall thickness
t = 1.25;
// diaphragm thickness
t2 = 1.75;

filled = "no"; // [yes,no]

/* [resolution] */

$fa =4; $fs=0.2;

r = d/2;
ri = r+1*t;
ro = r+2*t;
di = 2*ri;
do = 2*ro;

if(part == "all")
{
  translate([-(do+3),0,0]) cap();
  translate([+(do+3),0,0]) cap();
  center();
}
if(part == "cap") { cap(); }
if(part == "center") { center(); }

module cap()
{
  difference()
  {
    sphere(r=r+2*t);
    translate([0,0,-ro*1.2/2])
    cube([do*1.2,do*1.2,ro*1.2],center=true);

    intersection()
    {
      sphere(r=r+t);
      translate([0,0,ri/sqrt(2)/2-1])
      cube([do*1.2,do*1.2,ri/sqrt(2)+2],center=true);

    }
  }
}

module center()
{
  translate([0,0,ri/sqrt(2)])
  intersection()
  {
    difference()
    {
      sphere(r=r+t);
      difference()
      {
        sphere(r=r);
        cube([do*1.2,t2,di+2],center=true);
        if(filled == "yes")
        {
          translate([0,do/2,0])
          cube([do*1.2,do,di+2],center=true);
        }
      }
    }
  cube([do*1.2,do*1.2,di/sqrt(2)],center=true);
  }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to create some customizable numbered pawns for tabletop gaming, and I need a parametric OpenSCAD design. I'd like to be able to adjust the overall size, base height, the size and shape of the upright portion that holds the number, and the font and style of engraving for the numbers.

Specifically, I want:

*   **Overall Dimensions:** Parameters for the pawn's overall diameter and height, allowing me to easily scale the piece.
*   **Base:** A round base that the rest of the pawn sits on. I need a parameter to adjust the height of this base.
*   **Upright:** A tall, flat section that holds the number. I need to control its width, depth, and the height to the top of the glyph. The top should have a rounded "hat" shape, with a radius parameter controlling the curve.
*   **Glyphs:**
    *   The option to generate either a single pawn with a specified letter or number *or* a set of pawns with digits 1-9.
    *   A parameter to control the text to engrave on the pawn (when in "single" mode).
    *   The ability to choose between "hard-edged" engraving (faster to render, but might need supports) or "soft-edged" engraving (rounded edges, better for printing). Soft edges should thicken the glyph slightly.
    *   Support for selecting different fonts for the glyphs, specifically using `.dxf` fonts. I'd like to use at least "orbitron.dxf" "knewave.dxf" and a default "Letters.dxf" for reference. I'll need the included `write/Write.scad` library.
    *   Parameters to shift the glyph in the X and Z directions, as well as to scale the glyph (in percent).
*   **Layout:** When generating digits 1-9, I need the pawns arranged in a 3x3 grid using a grid module. I can use a grid function from MCAD, so make sure you account for that.

The design should use a combination of cylinders, cubes, and linear extrusions to create the pawn structure, with minkowski sums for soft engraving if needed. It's important to make sure that the engraving is done on both sides of the upright. I also need the ability to define a margin around the glyph.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files for this? I expect that I'll need a main file and a `write/Write.scad` library file.

[Assistant]
NumberedPawns.scad:
```
use <write/Write.scad>

/* [Dimensions] */

// Diameter of the whole figure.
PAWN_DIAMETER = 25.4; // [10:60]

// Height of the whole figure.
PAWN_HEIGHT = 31;  // [15:60]

// The base is the round piece that holds the pawn up.
BASE_HEIGHT = 3;  // [1:10]

// The "upright" is the tall thing that holds the glyph (number, etc.).  Its dimensions are exclusive of the "hat".
UPRIGHT_WIDTH = 19;  // [10:60]
UPRIGHT_DEPTH = 4.2;  // [3:7]

// The "hat" goes on the top of the upright, to round it out.  This is the radius of its corner curve.
HAT_CORNER_RADIUS = 3;  // mm

/* [Glyphs] */

GENERATE = "single";  // [single:Single letter or number, digits:Digits 1-9]

// A single letter or number to put on one pawn, if you select Single Letter above.
SINGLE_GLYPH = "A";

// Hard edges are quicker to render, but soft edges won't require support.  Soft thickens the letters too.
ENGRAVING_STYLE = "soft";  // ["hard":Hard-edged, "soft":Soft-edged]

FONT = "write/orbitron.dxf";  // ["write/Letters.dxf":Letters,"write/orbitron.dxf":Orbitron,"write/knewave.dxf":Knewave]

// mm to shift the glyph in X (right/left)
GLYPH_RIGHT = -0.7; // mm
// mm to shift the glyph in Z (up/down)
GLYPH_UP = 0;  // mm
// Factor to scale the glyph by, in percent
GLYPH_SCALE = 100;  // [10:150]

/* [Hidden] */

GRID = PAWN_DIAMETER + 4;
//color([1, 1, 0, 0.5])

if (GENERATE == "digits") {
  doDigitPawns();
} else {
  doPawn(SINGLE_GLYPH);
}

// From MCAD/layouts.scad.  Customizer's version is behind.
module grid(iWidth,iHeight,inYDir = true,limit=3)
{
	for (i = [0 : $children-1])
	{
		translate([(inYDir)? (iWidth)*(i%limit) : (iWidth)*floor(i/limit),
					(inYDir)? (iHeight)*floor(i/limit) : (iHeight)*(i%limit)])
					child(i);
	}
}

module doDigitPawns() {
  grid(GRID, GRID, true, 3) {
    doPawn("1");
    doPawn("2");
    doPawn("3");
    doPawn("4");
    doPawn("5");
    doPawn("6");
    doPawn("7");
    doPawn("8");
    doPawn("9");
  }
}

// Extrudes a trapezoid with bottom width x1, top width x2, and height z, to depth y.
// Places it with its bottom at z=0, centered along the Y axis.
module thickTrapezoid(x1, x2, y, z) {
  translate([0,y/2,0])
    rotate([90, 0, 0])
      linear_extrude(height=y)
        polygon([[-x1/2, 0], [x1/2, 0], [x2/2, z], [-x2/2, z]]);
}

// Makes a platform that has a trapezoidal profile in two dimensions,
// and a rectangular cross-section all along its height.
// Specify the dimensions of the rectangle at the bottom and the top.
// Built centered around the Z axis, with the bottom at Z=0 and the top at height.
module slantedPlatform(height, width1, width2, depth1, depth2) {
  intersection() {
    thickTrapezoid(width1, width2, max(depth1, depth2), height);
    rotate([0,0,90])
      thickTrapezoid(depth1, depth2, max(width1, width2), height);
  }
}

// Derived values.
BASE_DIAMETER = PAWN_DIAMETER;
BASE_RADIUS = BASE_DIAMETER / 2;

// The "plinth" is what transitions from the base to the upright.
PLINTH_SIDE_INSET = (BASE_DIAMETER - UPRIGHT_WIDTH) / 2;
PLINTH_FACE_INSET = PLINTH_SIDE_INSET / 3;  // mm inset from front and back.
PLINTH_HEIGHT = PLINTH_SIDE_INSET;
UPRIGHT_HEIGHT = PAWN_HEIGHT - BASE_HEIGHT - PLINTH_HEIGHT - HAT_CORNER_RADIUS;
UPRIGHT_BOTTOM = BASE_HEIGHT + PLINTH_HEIGHT;
HAT_BOTTOM = PAWN_HEIGHT - HAT_CORNER_RADIUS;

// For the text cutter.
INNER_WALL = 0.6;  // mm to leave between one cut-out and the other
BEZEL = ENGRAVING_STYLE == "soft"? (UPRIGHT_DEPTH - 1)/2 : 0;
TEXT_DEPTH = UPRIGHT_DEPTH - INNER_WALL - BEZEL * sqrt(2);

// Additional adjustments for "hard" engraving.  Kludgy.  Probably needs to depend on BEZEL.
GLYPH_X = GLYPH_RIGHT + (ENGRAVING_STYLE == "hard"? 1.3: 0);
GLYPH_Z = GLYPH_UP + (ENGRAVING_STYLE == "hard"? 0: 0);
GLYPH_SCALE_FACTOR = GLYPH_SCALE / 100 * (ENGRAVING_STYLE == "hard"? 1.1: 1);

module doPawn(text) {
  difference() {
    union() {
      // Base
      cylinder(BASE_HEIGHT, r=BASE_RADIUS, $fn=60);

      // Plinth
      translate([0, 0, BASE_HEIGHT]) {
        intersection() {
          // Trapezoid
          slantedPlatform(PLINTH_HEIGHT,
            BASE_DIAMETER, UPRIGHT_WIDTH,
            UPRIGHT_DEPTH + 2*PLINTH_FACE_INSET, UPRIGHT_DEPTH);

          // Clip everything so it doesn't extend over the edge// clip everything so it doesn't extend over the edge of the base
          cylinder(PAWN_HEIGHT, r=BASE_RADIUS);
        }
      }

      // Upright
      translate([-UPRIGHT_WIDTH/2, -UPRIGHT_DEPTH/2, UPRIGHT_BOTTOM])
        cube([UPRIGHT_WIDTH, UPRIGHT_DEPTH, UPRIGHT_HEIGHT]);

      // Hat: left ear
      translate([-(UPRIGHT_WIDTH/2 - HAT_CORNER_RADIUS), 0, HAT_BOTTOM])
        rotate([90,0,0])
          cylinder(UPRIGHT_DEPTH, r=HAT_CORNER_RADIUS, center=true, $fn=20);
      // Right ear
      translate([+(UPRIGHT_WIDTH/2 - HAT_CORNER_RADIUS), 0, HAT_BOTTOM])
        rotate([90,0,0])
          cylinder(UPRIGHT_DEPTH, r=HAT_CORNER_RADIUS, center=true, $fn=20);
      // Middle bridge
      translate([0,0, HAT_BOTTOM + HAT_CORNER_RADIUS/2])
        cube([UPRIGHT_WIDTH - 2*HAT_CORNER_RADIUS, UPRIGHT_DEPTH, HAT_CORNER_RADIUS], center=true);
    }

    // Inscribe the glyph
    translate([GLYPH_X, -(UPRIGHT_DEPTH + BEZEL)/2, UPRIGHT_BOTTOM + MARGIN + GLYPH_Z])
      doLetter(text);
    rotate([0, 0, 180])
      translate([GLYPH_X, -(UPRIGHT_DEPTH + BEZEL)/2, UPRIGHT_BOTTOM + MARGIN + GLYPH_Z])
        doLetter(text);
  }
}

MARGIN = 3/17.9 * UPRIGHT_HEIGHT;  // mm on all sides of the glyph
GLYPH_HEIGHT = (UPRIGHT_HEIGHT + HAT_CORNER_RADIUS - 2*MARGIN);
GLYPH_WIDTH = GLYPH_HEIGHT * 0.6;

module doLetter(text) {
  translate([0,0, GLYPH_HEIGHT / 2])
    scale([GLYPH_SCALE_FACTOR, 1, GLYPH_SCALE_FACTOR])
      rotate([90,0,0])
        if (ENGRAVING_STYLE == "soft") {
          minkowski() {
            write(text, t=TEXT_DEPTH, h=GLYPH_HEIGHT, center=true, font=FONT);
          rotate([45, 45, 0])  // try 45, 45, 45?  Need to adjust placement though.
            cube([BEZEL,BEZEL,BEZEL]);
          }
        } else {
          write(text, t=TEXT_DEPTH, h=GLYPH_HEIGHT, center=true, font=FONT);
        }
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design a custom flower pot with a built-in stand hole, and I'd like to use OpenSCAD to do it parametrically.

Essentially, I want a cylindrical pot with a second, smaller cylinder jutting out from one side, kind of like a handle but more structurally integral, and that smaller cylinder will be hollowed out to serve as the stand hole. The pot itself should also be hollowed out to leave a usable space for soil. I want to be able to control the overall radius and depth of the main pot, the radius of the stand hole, and the color of the final model.

So, my main parameters would be:

*   **`pot_radius`**: The radius of the main pot, which should determine the final pot size, I'm thinking it'll be between 50 and 150 mm.
*   **`pot_depth`**: The depth of the pot, which will control how tall the final model is, should be between 50 and 200 mm.
*  **`stand_hole_radius`**: The radius of the hole for a stand, probably between 5 and 20 mm.
*   **`color`**: The color of the final pot. I'd like options like "yellow", "green", "black", "white", "blue", "red", "pink", "silver", and "gold".

The hollow for the pot interior should be a little smaller than the outer shell, I'm thinking maybe 90% of the radius and it should also start from 10% of pot depth, so the bottom of the pot is a little thicker.

The smaller stand holder cylinder should be placed on the side of the pot, and its placement should be a little outside the radius of the larger pot to make sure it is connected and secure, perhaps by using a `pot_radius+(pot_radius/3)` offset. I'd like the stand to connect to the main pot using the `hull()` function to have a nice curve, rather than simply being attached as a second cylinder.

Also could you make sure the design uses `$fn=500` for smooth circles? I'd prefer to have this in a single `.scad` file.

[Assistant]
Light_Stand_Flower_Pot_Customizer.scad:
```
/*[Global]*/

//The payload will be 10% less. In mm.
pot_radius=61; //[50:150]

//The payload will be 10% less. In mm.
pot_depth=89; //[50:200]

//In mm.
stand_hole_radius=6.5; //[5:20]

//What color do you wish to be?
color="green"; //[yellow:Yellow,green:Green,black:Black,white:White,blue:Blue,red:Red,pink:Pink,silver:Silver,gold:Gold]

/*[Hidden]*/

$fn=500;

difference(){
	color(color)
	shape();
	translate([0,0,pot_depth*0.1])
		cylinder(pot_depth,pot_radius*0.9,pot_radius*0.9);
	translate([pot_radius+(pot_radius/3),0,pot_depth*0.1])
		cylinder(pot_depth,stand_hole_radius,stand_hole_radius);
}

module shape(){
	hull(){
		linear_extrude(pot_depth){
			circle(pot_radius);
		}
		translate([pot_radius+(pot_radius/3),0,0])
			linear_extrude(pot_depth){
				circle(pot_radius/3);
			}
	}
}
```