[User]
Hey there, I'm working on a project that needs some custom PVC pipe fittings, and I'd love your help designing them in OpenSCAD. I'm envisioning a library of parametric parts that I can easily adjust for different diameters and uses.

Specifically, I need the following:

*   **Straight pipes:** Simple cylinders, with an adjustable length.
*   **Elbows:** 90-degree elbows, but ideally with the ability to specify any angle.
*   **Tees:** Three-way tees, and also 4, 5, and 6 way tees. Again, angle should be configurable.
*  **Reducers:** Connectors that transition between two different diameters.
*   **End Caps:** Simple caps to close off pipes.
*   **Nozzles:** (I don't need these yet, but I'll probably want them later, so it's good to have).

For each of these, I need to support a few different end connector types:

*   **Solvent Connectors:** These should have a slightly larger diameter section for a snug fit into another fitting using solvent welding, plus a small tapered section to help guide the pipes. I'd like to be able to specify a slight lip and length for this "solvent" section.
*   **Clamp Connectors:** These should have an integrated clamp section with bolt holes for securing the connection. I want to configure the bolt hole diameter and position.
*  **Plain:** Just a plain pipe end.

I also need a way to add bolt holes for bolting through the connectors as a secondary way of securing the frame. This should be an optional feature.

I also want the models to be optimized for 3D printing, including things like small support skins for overhanging sections and minimal internal defects if possible.  I think the way my printer handles the initial layers has caused some problems with the inner radius. I need to be able to specify layer height so that if I find some weird settings I can adjust.

Could you design a parametric OpenSCAD library that I can use to generate all of these fittings?  I'm looking to be able to specify:
    *  `duct_OD`: The outer diameter of the main pipe
    * `duct_OD2`: The outer diameter of a second pipe (for reducers)
    *  `duct_wall`: The wall thickness of the pipe
    *  `duct_length`: The length of the straight pipe sections
    *  `quality`:  The quality/resolution for curved surfaces (using `$fn`)
    *  `clearance`: The space between parts to account for dimensional tolerances
    *  `o_ring_section`:  (Not sure if I'll use this, but I want to leave it as a placeholder)
     *  `layer_height`: The 3D printer layer height
    *  `bolt_OD`:  The bolt's outer diameter (for clamp connectors)
     * `reduction_angle`: The angle of the reducer's taper
    *  `end_type`:  The connector type (solvent, clamp, none)
    *  `bolt_hole_diam`: The diameter of bolt holes if they are requested

The code also uses `sin()` and `round()` so be aware of that.

Also, could you provide a few example calls for generating some parts? Maybe a straight pipe, a 90-degree elbow, a 4-way tee, a reducer, and an end cap with bolt holes? I can adjust these for my particular needs after that.  I'd like everything to be configurable based on the above parameters at the top of the file. I would like it to be easy to change all the default values for diameter, wall thickness, etc.

I don't need any libraries. I'm just looking for the core code. Let me know if you have any questions.

[Assistant]
Round_Ducting_V1.1d.scad:
```
/*Round Duct/Pipework fittings Library - Parametric
V1.1
By the DoomMeister

V1.1c
akeeton - Tweaked to add ability to do 5 and 6 way tees.

V1.1d
akeeton - Fixing some weird slicing or dimensioning issues that caused some
          fragility where the elbows met the tapered ends with "solvent"
          connectors.

          Added ability to have bolt holes. I use them as an alternative to
          glue to quickly take something apart and put it back together.
          Make bolt_hole_diam non-zero to use.

//Released under the terms of the GNU GPL v3.0
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

**
WARNING - No warrenty is given regarding the fitness of these parts to convey pressurised
media if they are fabricated by any means. The user takes all risk in terms of saftey and material choice.
**

V1 - First Issue, messy code
V1.1 - Added simple support for internal step and printable switch

Shapes

Straight
Elbow/Tee (any angle, n ways)
Nozel
Reducer
Manifold

Solvent
Clamp
O-Ring Push Fit - not implemented yet

*/

/* Customize these parameters: */
duct_OD = 23.35; // 33.5 for 1 inch diam PVC (OD is greater than 1/25.4mm inch)
duct_OD2 = 23.35;
duct_wall = 3;
duct_length = 40;
quality = 10;
clearance = 0.2;
o_ring_section = 3;
layer_height = 1; // Was .3. I found this created a weird defect on the inside that reduced integrity of my prints (might have been the slicer on my end?)
bolt_OD = round(duct_OD/8);
reduction_angle = 30;
end_type = "solvent"; //solvent, clamp, none

// I use some of these for frames. A poor man's way of securing the frame is
// to run a bolt through the connector and pipe. Set bolt_hole_diam to non-zero
// and select "solvent" above to print with said holes.
bolt_hole_diam = 10; // .5 inches is 12.7 mm. 3/8 is 9.525.

printable = true; // make output more suitable for 3d FDM printing

duct_OR = duct_OD/2;
duct_OR2 = duct_OD2/2;
duct_IR = (duct_OD-(2*duct_wall))/2;
duct_IR2 = (duct_OD2-(2*duct_wall))/2;
reduction_length = (duct_OR - duct_OR2)/sin(reduction_angle);
clamp_IR = duct_OR + clearance;
clamp_OR = clamp_IR + (2*duct_wall);
clamp_reduction_length = (clamp_OR - duct_OR)/sin(reduction_angle);

solvent_extra_length = 10;

equal_tee(end=end_type);

// Available models:
// translate([-50, 0, 0]) 5_way_tee(end=end_type);
// translate([50, 0, 0]) 6_way_tee(end=end_type);

//translate([0,0,0])middle_straight();
//translate([1*1.5*duct_OD,0*1.5*duct_OD,0])pipe();
//connector(end=end_type);

//translate([2*1.5*duct_OD,0*1.5*duct_OD,0])
//elbow(end=end_type);

//translate([2*1.5*duct_OD,2*1.5*duct_OD,0])equal_tee(end=end_type);
//translate([2*1.5*duct_OD,3*1.5*duct_OD,0])4_way_tee(end=end_type);
//translate([0*1.5*duct_OD,3*1.5*duct_OD,0])middle_reducer(end=end_type);
//elbow(end=end_type);
//4_way_tee(end=end_type);

//translate([0*1.5*duct_OD,1.5*1.5*duct_OD,0])straight(end=end_type);

/*
translate([0*1.5*duct_OD,4*1.5*duct_OD,0])blank_cap(end=end_type);
middle_tee_n(ways = 3, end=end_type, angle = 120 ,center = true, $fn=quality);
middle_tee_n(ways = 2, end=end_type, angle = 135 ,center = true, $fn=quality);

translate([0*1.5*duct_OD,5*1.5*duct_OD,0])manifold_n(ways = 6, end=end_type,center = true, $fn=quality);
*/

module elbow(end="solvent", angle = 90,center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	middle_tee_n(end=end,ways=2, angle = angle);
}

module equal_tee(end="solvent",angle = 90,center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	middle_tee_n(end=end,ways=3, angle = 90);
}

module 4_way_tee(end="solvent",angle = 90,center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	middle_tee_n(end=end,ways=4, angle = 90);
}

module 5_way_tee(end="solvent",angle = 90,center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	middle_tee_n(end=end,ways=5, angle = 90);
}

module 6_way_tee(end="solvent",angle = 90,center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	middle_tee_n(end=end,ways=6, angle = 90);
}

//modules

module pipe(length=duct_length)
{
	middle_straight(length=length);
}

module straight(end = "solvent", length=duct_length)
{

    offset1 = (3*bolt_OD) + clamp_reduction_length;

	union()
	{
    	middle_straight(length=length-(offset1));
    	translate([0,0,length])rotate([180,0,0])end(end_form=end);
	}
}

module blank_cap(end = "solvent", length=duct_length, $fn=quality)
{
    offset1 =(3*bolt_OD) + clamp_reduction_length;

	union()
	{
	    translate([0,0,-duct_wall]) cylinder(r=duct_OR, h = duct_wall);
    	middle_straight(length=length-(offset1));
    	translate([0,0,length]) rotate([180,0,0])end(end_form=end);
	}
}

module end(end_form = "solvent")
{
    if(end_form == "clamp")
    {
        end_clamp();
    }
    else if(end_form == "solvent")
    {
        end_solvent();
    }
    else if(end_form == "cross_drilled")
    {
        end_solvent(cross_drill = true);
    }
}

module connector(end="solvent", length=2*duct_OD)
{
    offset_length = 3*bolt_OD+clamp_reduction_length;

    union()
    {
	    middle_straight(length=length-(2*offset_length));
    	translate([0,0,length-offset_length])rotate([180,0,0])end(end_form=end);
    	translate([0,0,-offset_length])rotate([0,0,0])end(end_form=end);
    }
}

//middle_modules

module middle_straight(length = 40, center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	difference()
	{
		cylinder(r = duct_OR, h = length);
		translate([0,0,-1])cylinder(r = duct_IR, h = length+2);
	}
}

module middle_tee_n(ways = 1, end="solvent", angle = 130 ,center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	difference()
	{
		union()
		{
			sphere(r=duct_OD/2);
			for( i = [0:ways-1])
			{
                if(i * angle <= 270) {
                   rotate([0,i*angle,0]) straight(end=end,length=duct_OD*1.5);
                }
                /* Special handling for 5 and 6 */
                else if(i*angle == 360) {
                    rotate([90,0,0]) straight(end=end,length=duct_OD*1.5);
                }
                else if(i*angle == 450) {
                     rotate([270,0,0]) straight(end=end,length=duct_OD*1.5);
                }
                else
                    echo("Too many ways:", ways);
			}
		}

		union()
		{
			sphere(r=duct_IR);
			for( i = [0:ways-1])
			{
                if(i * angle <= 270) {
                    rotate([0,i*angle,0]) cylinder(r = duct_IR, h = duct_length+1);
                }
                /* Special handling for 5 and 6 */
                else if(i*angle == 360) {
                    rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r = duct_IR, h = duct_length+1);
                }
                else if(i*angle == 450) {
                     rotate([270,0,0]) cylinder(r = duct_IR, h = duct_length+1);
                }
			}
		}
    }

}

module manifold_n(ways = 3, end="solvent", offset=1.5,center = true, $fn=quality)
{

	difference()
	{
		union()
		{
			//sphere(r=duct_OD/2);
			rotate([0,270,0])straight(end=end,length=duct_OD*1.5);
			rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=duct_OR, h = ways*duct_OD*offset);
			for( i = [0:ways-1])
			{
				translate([i*duct_OD*offset,0,0,])rotate([0,180,90])straight(end=end,length=duct_OD*1.5);
			}
		}
		union()
		{
			#sphere(r=duct_IR);
			translate([-1,0,0,])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=duct_IR, h = ways*duct_OD*offset+2);
			for( i = [0:ways-1])
			{
				translate([i*duct_OD*offset,0,0,])rotate([0,180,90])cylinder(r = duct_IR, h = duct_length+1);
			}
		}
	}

}

module middle_reducer(end="solvent",center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	length1 = (duct_length - reduction_length)/2;
	offset_length = 3*bolt_OD+clamp_reduction_length;
	union()
	{
		difference()
		{
			cylinder(r = duct_OR, h = length1);
			translate([0,0,-1])cylinder(r = duct_IR, h = length1+1);
		}
		translate([0,0,length1])
		difference()
		{
			cylinder(r1 = duct_OR,r2 = duct_OR2, h = reduction_length);
			translate([0,0,0])cylinder(r1 = duct_IR,r2 = duct_IR2, h = reduction_length);
		}
		translate([0,0,length1+reduction_length])
		difference()
		{
			cylinder(r = duct_OR2, h = length1);
			translate([0,0,-1])cylinder(r = duct_IR2, h = length1+2);
		}

		translate([0,0,-offset_length])rotate([0,0,0])end(end_form=end);
	}
}

module middle_nozel()
{

}

module end_clamp(center = true, $fn=quality)
{
	union()
	{
	difference()
	{
		union()
		{
			cylinder(r = clamp_OR, h = bolt_OD*3);
			translate([clamp_OR-bolt_OD*3,-bolt_OD*2.5,0])cube([bolt_OD*4,bolt_OD*5,bolt_OD*3]);
			translate([clamp_OR+bolt_OD,bolt_OD*1.5,0])rotate([0,0,0])cylinder(r=bolt_OD, h = bolt_OD*3);
			translate([clamp_OR+bolt_OD,-bolt_OD*1.5,0])rotate([0,0,0])cylinder(r=bolt_OD, h = bolt_OD*3);
		}
		#translate([0,0,-1])cylinder(r = clamp_IR, h = (bolt_OD*3)+2);
		translate([clamp_OR-bolt_OD*2,-bolt_OD*0.5,0])cube([bolt_OD*5,bolt_OD,bolt_OD*3]);
		translate([clamp_OR+(bolt_OD*0.75),bolt_OD*3,bolt_OD*1.5])rotate([90,0,0])cylinder(r=bolt_OD/2, h = bolt_OD*6);
		translate([clamp_IR-bolt_OD,0,bolt_OD*3])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=bolt_OD, h = bolt_OD*6);
		translate([clamp_OR-bolt_OD,0,0])rotate([0,0,0])cylinder(r=bolt_OD, h = bolt_OD*3);

	}
		translate([0,0,bolt_OD*3])
		difference()
		{
			cylinder(r1 = clamp_OR,r2 = duct_OR, h = clamp_reduction_length);
			cylinder(r = clamp_IR, h = clamp_reduction_length*0.4);
			translate([0,0,0])cylinder(r1 = clamp_IR,r2 = duct_IR, h = clamp_reduction_length);
			//#translate([clamp_IR-bolt_OD,0,0])rotate([0,90,0])cylinder(r=bolt_OD, h = bolt_OD*6);
		}
		if(printable)
		{
		//Support skin for step
		translate([0,0,bolt_OD*3+clamp_reduction_length*0.4])
		cylinder(r= clamp_IR+0.5, h = layer_height *2);
		}
	}

}

module end_solvent(center = true, $fn=quality, cross_drill = false)
{
    cylinder_h = duct_OD*0.66 + solvent_extra_length;
    translate([0,0,-solvent_extra_length])

	union()
	{
    	difference()
	    {
		    union()
		    {
			    cylinder(r = clamp_OR, h = cylinder_h);
            }

            union()
            {
    		    translate([0,0,-1])
                    cylinder(r = clamp_IR, h = cylinder_h + solvent_extra_length);

                if(bolt_hole_diam > 0)
                    translate([0, cylinder_h + 2, cylinder_h / 2]) rotate([90,90,0])
                        cylinder(r = bolt_hole_diam/2 , h = cylinder_h*2+2);
            }

	    }

	    translate([0,0,duct_OD*0.66+solvent_extra_length])

		difference()
		{
			cylinder(r1 = clamp_OR, r2 = duct_OR, h = clamp_reduction_length);
			cylinder(r = clamp_IR, h = clamp_reduction_length*0.4+ solvent_extra_length);
			translate([0,0,-solvent_extra_length - 1])
                cylinder(r1 = clamp_IR, r2 = duct_IR, h = clamp_reduction_length);
		}

		if(printable)
		{
		    //Support skin for step
    		translate([0,0,cylinder_h])
    		cylinder(r= clamp_IR+0.5, h = layer_height * 2);
		}
	}

}

echo(reduction_length,bolt_OD);

```


[User]
I'd like to create a parametric maze pyramid in OpenSCAD. I want the maze itself to be generated algorithmically, and then extruded into a 3D shape and intersected with a pyramid shape.

Here are the key requirements:

1.  **Maze Generation:**
    *   The maze should be generated on a square grid, with the size of the grid being a parameter (`square_block`). This parameter would control the number of rows and columns, and I'd like that number to be equal. For example, `square_block=15` would generate a 15x15 grid.
    *   The maze should be generated using a randomized algorithm - in the original code, it was based on a depth-first search algorithm with randomized direction choices during the walk.
    *   The maze's walls should be represented by a combination of horizontal and vertical lines between the grid cells.
    *   The `block_width` parameter will determine how large each cell is, and `wall_thickness` should determine the line thickness of the walls.
2.  **Pyramid Shape:**
    *   The maze, after being generated, needs to be extruded to a height equal to its diameter.
    *   A square-based pyramid with the same base diameter as the maze needs to be made to intersect the extruded maze. This intersection creates the pyramid shape. A `$fn=4` parameter will accomplish this in OpenSCAD for the base.
3.  **Parameters:**
    *   The design should be fully parametric, using these parameters:
        *   `square_block` (integer, size of the square grid, default value would be `15`).
        *   `wall_thickness` (integer, thickness of the maze walls, default value would be `1`).
        *   `block_width` (integer, width of each block in the maze grid, default value would be `2`).
4.  **Output:**
    *   I need an OpenSCAD file (or files if that's more organized) that will generate the maze pyramid according to these parameters.

It would also be ideal if the OpenSCAD code was organized in a clean, modular way, with functions or modules for the key steps (maze generation, extrusion, pyramid creation, etc.). I'm not using any specific libraries at this point.

[Assistant]
maze_pyramid_generator_easy_style.scad:
```
square_block = 15;
wall_thickness = 1;
block_width = 2;

/*
 * constants, for clearness
 *
 */

// random directions, for picking up a direction to visit the next block
function PERMUTATION_OF_FOUR() = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4],
    [1, 2, 4, 3],
    [1, 3, 2, 4],
    [1, 3, 4, 2],
    [1, 4, 2, 3],
    [1, 4, 3, 2],
    [2, 1, 3, 4],
    [2, 1, 4, 3],
    [2, 3, 1, 4],
    [2, 3, 4, 1],
    [2, 4, 1, 3],
    [2, 4, 3, 1],
    [3, 1, 2, 4],
    [3, 1, 4, 2],
    [3, 2, 1, 4],
    [3, 2, 4, 1],
    [3, 4, 1, 2],
    [3, 4, 2, 1],
    [4, 1, 2, 3],
    [4, 1, 3, 2],
    [4, 2, 1, 3],
    [4, 2, 3, 1],
    [4, 3, 1, 2],
    [4, 3, 2, 1]
];

function NO_WALL() = 0;
function UP_WALL() = 1;
function RIGHT_WALL() = 2;
function UP_RIGHT_WALL() = 3;

function NOT_VISITED() = 0;
function VISITED() = 1;

/*
 * modules for creating a maze
 *
 */

// give a [x, y] point and length. draw a line in the x direction
module x_line(point, length, thickness = 1) {
    offset = thickness / 2;
    translate([point[0] - offset, point[1] - offset, 0])
        square([length + thickness, thickness]);
}

// give a [x, y] point and length. draw a line in the y direction
module y_line(point, length, thickness = 1) {
    offset = thickness / 2;
    translate([point[0] - offset, point[1] - offset, 0])
        square([thickness, length + thickness]);
}

// create the outer wall of maze
module maze_outer_wall(rows, columns, block_width = 5, wall_thickness = 1) {
    x_line([0, rows * block_width], columns * block_width, wall_thickness);
    y_line([0, block_width], (rows - 1) * block_width, wall_thickness);
}

// create the inner wall of maze
module maze_inner_wall(maze, block_width = 5, wall_thickness = 1) {
    for(i = [0:len(maze) - 1]) {
        cord = maze[i];
        x = (cord[0] - 1) * block_width;
        y = (cord[1] - 1) * block_width;
        v = cord[3];

        if(v == 1 || v == 3) {
            x_line([x, y], block_width, wall_thickness);
        }
        if(v == 2 || v == 3) {
            y_line([x + block_width, y], block_width, wall_thickness);
        }
    }
}

// create a maze
module maze(rows, columns, maze_vector, block_width = 5, wall_thickness = 1) {
     maze_outer_wall(rows, columns, block_width, wall_thickness);
     maze_inner_wall(maze_vector, block_width, wall_thickness);
}

/*
 * utilities functions
 *
 */

// comare the equality of [x1, y1] and [x2, y2]
function cord_equals(cord1, cord2) = cord1 == cord2;

// is the point visited?
function not_visited(cord, vs, index = 0) =
    index == len(vs) ? true :
        (cord_equals([vs[index][0], vs[index][1]], cord) && vs[index][2] == 1 ? false :
            not_visited(cord, vs, index + 1));

// pick a direction randomly
function rand_dirs() =
    PERMUTATION_OF_FOUR()[round(rands(0, 24, 1)[0])];

// replace v1 in the vector with v2
function replace(v1, v2, vs) =
    [for(i = [0:len(vs) - 1]) vs[i] == v1 ? v2 : vs[i]];

/*
 * functions for generating a maze vector
 *
 */

// initialize a maze
function init_maze(rows, columns) =
    [
	    for(c = [1 : columns])
	        for(r = [1 : rows])
		        [c, r, 0,  UP_RIGHT_WALL()]
	];

// find a vector in the maze vector
function find(i, j, maze_vector, index = 0) =
    index == len(maze_vector) ? [] : (
        cord_equals([i, j], [maze_vector[index][0], maze_vector[index][1]]) ? maze_vector[index] : find(i, j, maze_vector, index + 1)
    );

////
// NO_WALL = 0;
// UP_WALL = 1;
// RIGHT_WALL = 2;
// UP_RIGHT_WALL = 3;
function delete_right_wall(original_block) =
    original_block == NO_WALL() || original_block == RIGHT_WALL() ? NO_WALL() : UP_WALL();

function delete_up_wall(original_block) =
    (original_block == NO_WALL() || original_block == UP_WALL()) ? NO_WALL() : RIGHT_WALL();

function delete_right_wall_of(vs, is_visited, maze_vector) =
    replace(vs, [vs[0], vs[1] , is_visited, delete_right_wall(vs[3])] ,maze_vector);

function delete_up_wall_of(vs, is_visited, maze_vector) =
    replace(vs, [vs[0], vs[1] , is_visited, delete_up_wall(vs[3])] ,maze_vector);

function go_right(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i + 1, j, rows, columns, delete_right_wall_of(find(i, j, maze_vector), VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_up(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i, j - 1, rows, columns, delete_up_wall_of(find(i, j, maze_vector), VISITED(), maze_vector));

function visit(v, maze_vector) =
    replace(v, [v[0], v[1], VISITED(), v[3]], maze_vector);

function go_left(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i - 1, j, rows, columns, delete_right_wall_of(find(i - 1, j, maze_vector), NOT_VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_down(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i, j + 1, rows, columns, delete_up_wall_of(find(i, j + 1, maze_vector), NOT_VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_maze(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    look_around(i, j, rand_dirs(), rows, columns, visit(find(i, j, maze_vector), maze_vector));

function look_around(i, j, dirs, rows, columns, maze_vector, index = 0) =
    index == 4 ? maze_vector :
        look_around(
            i, j, dirs,
            rows, columns,
            build_wall(i, j, dirs[index], rows, columns, maze_vector),
            index + 1
        );

function build_wall(i, j, n, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    n == 1 && i != columns && not_visited([i + 1, j], maze_vector) ? go_right(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) : (
        n == 2 && j != 1 && not_visited([i, j - 1], maze_vector) ? go_up(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector)  : (
            n == 3 && i != 1 && not_visited([i - 1, j], maze_vector) ? go_left(i, j,rows, columns,  maze_vector)  : (
                n == 4 && j != rows && not_visited([i, j + 1], maze_vector) ? go_down(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) : maze_vector
            )
        )
    );

module maze_pyramid(square_block, block_width = 2, wall_thickness = 1) {

	maze_vector = go_maze(1, 1, square_block, square_block, replace([square_block, square_block, 0, UP_RIGHT_WALL()], [square_block, square_block, 0, UP_WALL()], init_maze(square_block, square_block)));

	diameter = square_block * block_width / 1.4142135623730950488016887242097 + wall_thickness * 2;
	half_wall_thickness = wall_thickness / 2;
	offset = square_block * block_width / 2;

	intersection() {
		linear_extrude(diameter)
			maze(square_block, square_block, maze_vector, block_width, wall_thickness);

		translate([offset, offset, 0])
			rotate([0, 0, 45])
				cylinder(diameter, diameter, 0, $fn=4);
	}

	translate([-half_wall_thickness, -half_wall_thickness, 0])
	    linear_extrude(wall_thickness)
		    square(square_block * block_width + wall_thickness);

}

maze_pyramid(square_block, block_width, wall_thickness);
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a custom 3D printer knob, specifically one that will fit over the existing knob on my Prusa i3. I have some specific ideas about the look and how it should attach, and I'd like to be able to customize the dimensions easily.

Here's what I'm thinking:

*   **Attachment:** The new knob should attach to the existing knob with a small bar that fits into the slot on the stock knob. I need to control the width, thickness, and height of that bar. The stock knob is 6mm in diameter, so the new knob needs a small circular cutout for it. I'd like to be able to specify the diameter of this cutout for fit adjustments. It should fit fairly snugly, so maybe a default of 7mm would work for the cutout. I'm also looking for parameters for the thickness of the connecting inner shell and its height.
*   **Outer Shell:** The outer part of the knob should be a cylinder, with adjustable diameter, height, and thickness. Basically, the main part you grip when you turn it.
*   **Nubs:** I want to add nubs around the circumference for better grip, and I'd like to be able to choose from a few styles: flat, rough (like a triangle), rounded, or a "pirate's helm" shape. The design should allow me to specify the depth the nubs stick out, the vertical height, width of the nubs, and the spacing (in degrees) between them.

I've seen people use parameters for overlap between pieces, so I guess I'd like one of those too so there isn't any gaps at the attachment.

I'd like to have all of these dimensions as customizable parameters in the OpenSCAD file. So far as I know this can all be handled in a single file, and I'm not using any special libraries like BOSL or MCAD. Can you help me with that?

[Assistant]
PrusaKnobCustomizer.scad:
```
/*[Resolution]*/
$fn=360;

/*[General settings]*/

// Height of the outer shell
height = 8;
// Height of the inner shell (in case you want your button inset or to protrude through an LCD case)
innerheight = 8;
// Thickness of the bar that slots into the stock button (the slot on the stock button is 1mm wide)
barthickness = .6;
// Width of the bar that slots into the stock button - you can make it connect to either side of the inner shell by increasing this value, but I found it easier to fit on the stock button when I left a gap
barwidth = 4;
// Height of the bar that slots into the stock button (in case you want to sink it in or make it protrude for any reason)
barheight = 8;
// Diameter of the space given for the stock button (the stock button is 6mm wide - you may want to provide extra space depending on your calibrations - I used 7 for mine)
innerspace = 7;
// Thickness of the inner shell (the piece that connects to the stock button)
innerthickness = 2;
// Diameter of the outer shell
outersize = 20;
// Thickness of the outer shell
outerthickness = 2;
// Overlap between pieces to ensure the connect
overlap = .2;

/*[Nub-specific settings]*/

// Preferred nub style
nubstyle = 2; //[1:Flat,2:Rough,3:Rounded,4:Pirate's Helm]
// Width of the nubs (unused for "round" style nubs)
nubwidth = 1.6;
// Depth (how for the nubs stick out)
nubdepth = .4;
// Vertical height of the nubs
nubheight = 8;
// Degrees between nubs
nubspacing = 10;

// Translate and rotate so the model is facing upward, sitting at the origin (for printing without supports)
translate([0,0,height])
rotate([0,180,0])
{
	// Render cylinders
	union() {
		// Outer shell
		difference() {
			cylinder(h=height, d=outersize, center=false);
			translate([0,0,-1])
				cylinder(h=height-outerthickness, d=outersize-outerthickness, center=false);
		}
		// Inner shell
		translate([0,0,height-innerheight-outerthickness+overlap])
		difference() {
			cylinder(h=innerheight - overlap, d=innerspace+innerthickness, center=false);
			translate([0,0,-1])
				cylinder(h=innerheight, d=innerspace, center=false);
		}
		// Center bar
		translate([-(barwidth)/2,-barthickness/2,height-barheight-outerthickness+overlap])
			cube([barwidth, barthickness, barheight], center=false);
	}

	// Render nubs
	for(angle=[0:nubspacing:min(360, floor(360/nubspacing) * nubspacing)])
	{
		rotate(angle)
		{
			translate([outersize/2-overlap,0,0])
			{
				if (nubstyle==1)
				{
					cube([nubdepth+overlap,nubwidth,nubheight], center=false);
				}
				if (nubstyle==2)
				{
					linear_extrude(height=nubheight)
						polygon(points=[[0,0],[0,nubwidth],[nubdepth+overlap,nubwidth/2]]);
				}
				if (nubstyle==3)
				{
					translate([overlap,0,0])
						cylinder(h=nubheight, r=nubdepth, center=false);
				}
				if (nubstyle==4)
				{
					translate([0,0,nubheight])
						rotate([0,90,0])
							cylinder(h=nubdepth+overlap, r=nubwidth, center=false);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
```


[User]
Hi, I'd like to create a 3D model of the Republic of China (Taiwan) emblem, which features a blue circle, a white sun with 12 triangular rays, and a small white circle in the center. I'd like it to be parametric, so I can easily adjust the size and thickness.

Specifically, I envision the following:

*   **Overall Shape:** A cylindrical disc (like a coin).
*   **Blue Background:** This will be the base cylinder, filled in solid blue.
*   **White Sun:** A 12-pointed star shape, cut out of the blue background, slightly recessed. The star's points should all be connected, making a continuous shape.
*   **Center Circle:** A small white circle in the very center of the sun, raised up from the recessed sun to be level with the top of the blue disc.
*   **Parameters:** I'd need parameters to control the outer radius of the blue disc, the radius of the star, the radius of the inner circle, the radius of the small center circle, and the overall thickness of the model.

I am looking for a design that can be created using OpenSCAD and will be easy to modify. I don't need any fancy beveling or special features, just a clean and accurate representation. I am not particularly interested in any libraries outside of the basic OpenSCAD built-in modules.

Can you generate the necessary OpenSCAD code for this emblem?

[Assistant]
Emblem_ROC.scad:
```

r=90;  // outer radius
r_Star=60;   // the radius of the star
r_Center=30;  // the radius of the center circle
r_Ring=35;  // the radius of the ring in center
h=7;  // height (thickness)
n=12;  // n-point star

module star(n=5,h=2,r1=20,r2=10) {
    union() {
        for (i=[0:n-1]) {
            polyhedron(
                points = [
                    [r1*cos(360*i/n), r1*sin(360*i/n), 0],
                    [r2*cos(360*(i+0.5)/n), r2*sin(360*(i+0.5)/n), 0],
                    [r2*cos(360*(i-0.5)/n), r2*sin(360*(i-0.5)/n), 0],
                    [r1*cos(360*i/n), r1*sin(360*i/n), h],
                    [r2*cos(360*(i+0.5)/n), r2*sin(360*(i+0.5)/n), h],
                    [r2*cos(360*(i-0.5)/n), r2*sin(360*(i-0.5)/n), h]
                ],
                faces = [ [0,1,2], [3,5,4],
                          [0,3,1], [3,4,1],
                          [1,4,2], [4,5,2],
                          [2,5,0], [5,3,0]
                ]
            );
        }
        cylinder(r=r2, h=h);
    }
}

module ring(h,r1,r2) {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r1,h=h);
        translate([0,0,-1]) {
            cylinder(r=r2,h=h+2);
        }
    }
}

union() {
    difference() {
        cylinder(r=r/2, h=h, $fn=360);
        translate([0,0,-1]) {
            star(n=n,h=h+2,r1=r_Star/2,r2=r_Center/2, $fn=360);
        }
    }
    ring(h,r_Ring/2,r_Center/2, $fn=360);
}

```


[User]
I'd like to design a wall-mounted paper holder, specifically for something like butcher paper. I have a basic concept, but it needs to be parametric so I can adjust it for different dowel sizes and paper roll widths.

The core idea is a flat plate that mounts to the wall, with a couple of support structures extending forward. These supports will cradle a dowel, which in turn holds the paper roll. I'm aiming for a design where the dowel can be easily inserted and removed. I've been using a 1" dowel (like the one here: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B004NG8P1S?psc=1&redirect=true&ref_=oh_aui_search_detailpage) as my test case. I'd like the design to be parameterized so that the dowel diameter can be adjusted to other common sizes like 3/4 inch and 1-1/4 inch and the width of the base plate and support arms can be extended to support rolls of various lengths (for example rolls ranging from 12" to 24"). I would like mounting holes for screws and the screw hole placement should also be parametric.

My current version is quite basic. I'm envisioning the plate having mounting screw holes, perhaps countersunk, and that the supports for the dowel are partial cylinders that allow the dowel to be inserted from above with a small notch at the top of the cylinder.

It would also be useful if the base plate has a slight chamfer on the front facing edges to make it look a little more polished.

Could you create the OpenSCAD file(s) to do this, using the BOSL2 library if there are elements there that would be useful? I'd prefer that the parameters are well-defined and allow me to change things easily. I would like to be able to control base plate thickness, the dowel support arm length and height and of course dowel diameter, and the distance between the mounting screw holes.

[Assistant]
wallmount_paper_holder.scad:
```

height = 5;
width = 4.5;
//output STL in inches:
scale(25.4, 25.4, 25.4)
difference(){
    difference() {
        union(){
            difference(){
                //Main plate:
                cube([height,width,0.25], center=true);
                //Subtract the corner:
                translate([2,2,0])
                    cube([1,1,2], center=true);

            }
            translate([1.5,1,-0.125])
                cylinder(0.5, r = 1.75, center = true, $fn=200);
        }
        //center hole
        translate([1.5,1, -0.95])
        cylinder(2, r = 0.75, center = true, $fn=200);

        //top notch to allow axle to slide in from top
        translate([4,1,-0.2])
        cube([5,1.5,0.5], center=true);

    }
    translate([-2,-1.75,1])
        cylinder(3, r=0.07, center = true, $fn=100);
     translate([-0,-1.75,1])
        cylinder(3, r=0.07, center = true, $fn=100);
      translate([2,-1.75,1])
        cylinder(3, r=0.07, center = true, $fn=100);
      translate([-2,-1.75,-0.1])
        cylinder(.1, r=0.15, center = true, $fn=100);
      translate([-0,-1.75,-0.1])
        cylinder(.1, r=0.15, center = true, $fn=100);
      translate([2,-1.75,-0.1])
        cylinder(.1, r=0.15, center = true, $fn=100);
}

```


[User]
Hey, I've got this basic surface I'm trying to generate with OpenSCAD, it's essentially a sin(x) * cos(y) wave, made out of a grid of cubes. I've attached my current attempt, `SinCos.scad`, but I'd like something more flexible and parameterized.

Specifically, I want to be able to control:

*   The overall dimensions of the grid, rather than just hardcoded from -9 to 7. I'd prefer to specify an x_min, x_max, y_min, and y_max.
*   The density of the grid by controlling the `step` value for x and y.
*   The height scale factor; right now, I'm multiplying the function result by 3, I'd like that to be a parameter, let's call it `height_scale`.
*   The base height of the cubes, which is currently 5.2. Let's call this `base_height`.
*   The cube base size in x and y, which are currently .3 and .1 respectively. I'd like to control these individually, so let's call them `cube_x_size` and `cube_y_size`.

Also, rather than hardcoding the 36 degree scaling factor inside the sine and cosine function, I'd prefer that to be another variable as well, say `angle_scale`.

Finally, I'd like to be able to control the number of iterations in sine/cosine: so, instead of a 36 * x I would prefer a variable that would control number of sine waves in total across the width. Let's call it `x_waves`. Same for the Y-axis: let's call it `y_waves`. This can be a decimal number of waves.

I'd really like this to be easy to adjust so I can experiment. Is there a way to get this into a single file with all of these settings defined at the top? Thanks!

[Assistant]
SinCos.scad:
```
function f(x,y) = sin(36*x)*cos(36*y);

for (x=[-9:0.1:+7]){
    for (y=[-9:0.1:+7]) {
        translate ([x,y,0])
        cube ([0.3,0.1,5.2+3*f(x,y)],false);
    }
}
```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to get a coat hanger designed that I can 3D print. I've got a pretty specific design in mind, based on something I used before that eventually broke.

Essentially, it's a cubical hanger that clips onto a partition, like those in office cubicles. The design is built around a central rectangular base. There's a rectangular "cap" that's meant to sit on top of the cubicle partition, and an arm extending out from the side with a hook on the end for hanging a coat. It's important that the arm and hook are robust since that's where the stress will be. There are also "feet" that extend down from the main base to grip under the partition. Finally, there are small cylindrical "mouse ears" at various locations for extra strength (but they're not strictly essential for the function, just for stability when printed).

Here's a breakdown of the different parts with the variables I'd like to use:

*   **Base:** This is the overall cuboid shape of the hanger.
    *   `modelHeight`: The height of the entire hanger.
    *   `modelThickness`: The thickness of the base and the supporting parts.
    *   `modelDepth`: The total depth of the base, based on the cap depth and base thickness
    *   `modelWidth`: The total width of the base, based on cap width, thicknesses, and hook width.

*   **Cap:** The part that sits on top of the partition.
    *   `capWidth`: The width of the cap where it sits on top of the partition.
    *   `capDepth`: The depth of the cap.

*   **Hook Arm:** The arm that extends out from the side.
    *   `hookWidth`: The length of the arm extending out from the side.
    *   `hookDepth`: the depth of the hook arm, calculated from cap depth and modelThickness

*   **Hook:** The part at the end of the hook arm that actually holds the coat.
    *  This should use modelThickness

*   **Feet:** The parts that grip the bottom of the partition.
    *   `footDepth`: How far the feet extend down.
    *   The width of the feet should be just enough to keep the hanger stable, let's say `modelThickness + 4.5`.
    *   The feet height is equal to `modelHeight`.

*   **Mouse Ears:** Small reinforcing cylinders.
    *   `mouseEarRadius`: Radius of the cylinder.
    *   `mouseEarHeight`: Height of the cylinder.
    *   They should be placed on the front base corners, the top of the cap, and the end of the hook arm.

I'd like all of these to be parameterized so I can adjust the dimensions as needed, or so that I can test out different designs quickly, so I'd like these all as variables at the top. I also like to have modules for each of the main parts: `base_cube`, `cap`, `hook_arm`, `hooks`, `feet`, `mouse_ears`. Then, all the pieces should be put together in a `main` module, using `difference` to remove the cap and hook arm from the base, and then adding the feet, hooks, and mouse ears using `union`. I think it will need the `difference()` and `union()` function.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file for this?

[Assistant]
CubicalCoatHanger2.scad:
```
//
//  CubicalCoatHanger2
//
//  EvilTeach
//
//  1/15/2015
//
//  This is a replacment of the previous version
//  which is just fine in most cases.  When I added
//  my wintercoat to the mix of hat and jacket, it collapsed.
//  This model is a bit thicker and wider, and printed denser
//  so as to have a longer life.
//

//
//  55 minutes
//  5.8 meters
//  infill 15%
//  .2 layer
//  no shells
//  speed 60/75

// (RED) In effect this is the width of the piece.  For a lighter load this value can be reduced.
modelHeight    = 20.0;

// (RED) This is the thickness of the beam like parts.  With a lighter load this value can be reduced.
modelThickness =  7.0;

// (BLUE) distance across the metal cap on top of the cube partition
capWidth = 52.0;

// (BLUE) the height of the metal cap.
capDepth = 36.0;

// (RED) This is how far out the hook reaches from the cap
hookWidth = 25.0;

// (YELLOW) This is the size of the cube that the coat hooks on to.
hookDepth = modelThickness;

modelDepth = capDepth + modelThickness;
modelWidth = modelThickness + capWidth + modelThickness + hookWidth;

// (LIME) The length of the feet that grip under the cap
footDepth = 2.0;

// (CYAN) dimensions of the mouse ears
mouseEarRadius = 3.5;
mouseEarHeight = 2.0;

module mouse_ear()
{
    cylinder(r = mouseEarRadius, h = mouseEarHeight);
}

module cap()
{
    color("blue")
    {
        translate([modelThickness, 0, 0])
        cube([capWidth, capDepth, modelHeight]);
    }
}

module hook_arm()
{
    hookDepth = capDepth - modelThickness;
    translate([modelThickness + capWidth + modelThickness, modelThickness, 0])
        cube([hookWidth, hookDepth, modelHeight]);
}

module hooks()
{
    color("yellow")
    {
        translate([modelThickness + capWidth + modelThickness + hookWidth - modelThickness,
                   capDepth + modelThickness,
                   0])
            cube([modelThickness, modelThickness, modelHeight]);

        translate([modelThickness + capWidth + modelThickness + hookWidth - modelThickness,
                   modelThickness,
                   0])
            cube([modelThickness, hookDepth, modelHeight]);
    }
}

module base_cube()
{
    color("red")
        cube([modelWidth, modelDepth, modelHeight]);
}

module feet()
{
    color("lime")
    {
        footWidth = modelThickness + 4.5;
        footHeight = modelHeight;

        translate([0, -footDepth, 0])
            cube([footWidth, footDepth, footHeight]);

        translate([modelThickness + capWidth + modelThickness - footWidth, -footDepth, 0])
            cube([footWidth, footDepth, footHeight]);
    }
}

module mouse_ears()
{
    color("cyan")
    translate([0, -footDepth, 0])
        mouse_ear();

    color("cyan")
    translate([0, capDepth + modelThickness, 0])
        mouse_ear();

    color("cyan")
    translate([modelThickness + capWidth + modelThickness + hookWidth, 0, 0])
        mouse_ear();

    color("cyan")
    translate([modelThickness + capWidth + modelThickness + hookWidth, modelThickness + hookDepth, 0])
        mouse_ear();

    color("cyan")
    translate([modelThickness + capWidth + modelThickness + hookWidth, capDepth + modelThickness + hookDepth, 0])
        mouse_ear();

}

module main()
{
    difference()
    {
        base_cube();
        cap();
        hook_arm();
    }
    feet();
    hooks();

    mouse_ears();
}

main();
```


[User]
Okay, I'm looking to create a pegboard tool holder that's a bit more robust than the standard friction-fit designs. I need it to screw securely into the pegboard, so I'll be using a design with small "arms" that go through the holes and are secured on the back with nuts.

Here's what I envision. I'd like a main body, kind of like a rounded rectangle, that'll sit flush against the pegboard. This body should have a set of circular holes to hold tools. The number of these holes, their diameter, and the overall length of the main body should all be parametric, so I can adjust it for different tool sizes and quantities.

I also need "arms", basically small rectangles with a semi-cylindrical end, that attach to the main body with a kind of 'minkowski' connection. These arms will have small screw holes through the center of their semi-cylindrical ends that can pass through the pegboard.

I'm thinking I need parameters for:

*   **peghole\_radius**: The radius of the screw hole on the arm.
*   **tool\_holes**: The number of tool holes on the main body.
*   **tool\_radius**: The radius of the tool holes.
*  **length**: Overall length of the main body.
* **width**: Overall width of the main body.
* **depth**: Overall depth of the main body.

And parameters to define the arm:

*   **arm\_width**: Width of the arm.
*   **arm\_depth**: Depth of the arm.
* **arm_length**: Length of the arm.
* **arm_cylinder_radius**: Radius of the arm's cylinder end.

The tool holes should be evenly spaced along the main body. They should have a slight chamfer at the top as well. I think the best way to do this would be to start with a plain cylinder and then add a second cylinder on top of it which is wider at the top.

I'd like the arms to be placed along the top edge of the main body with an appropriate spacing. I think it will be sufficient to space the arms evenly.

Could you generate the necessary OpenSCAD files? I do not need any libraries to be attached - please simply specify which library is used.

[Assistant]
pegboard-suporte-meu-para-pregos.scad:
```
// Radius of hole for screw/nail
pegholeraio=1.5; // [.5:.1:3]

// Number of tool holes
furos=5; // [3:9]

// Radius of hole for tool
toolraio=13; // [1:.2:20]

module placona() {
  intervalo=180/furos;
  inicio=intervalo/2;
  difference() {
    union() {
      minkowski() {
        cube([180,30,5]);
        cylinder(r=5,h=5);
      }
      for (furo=[inicio:intervalo:180]) {
        translate([furo,10,-1]) cylinder(r=toolraio+5,h=11);
      }
    }
    translate([-5,35,-1]) cube([200,40,60]);
    translate([-10,-10,-20]) cube([200,60,20]);

    for (furo = [inicio:intervalo:180]) {

      translate([furo,10,-12]) union() {
        cylinder(r=toolraio,h=20,$fn=40);
        translate([0,0,19.99]) cylinder(r1=toolraio,r2=toolraio*2,h=10,$fn=40);
      }
    }
  }
}

module abinha() {
  difference() {
    minkowski() {
      cube([12,3,20]);
      rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=3,h=2,$fn=30);
    }
    translate([6,10,12]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(r=pegholeraio,h=20,$fn=30);
  }
}

placona();
translate([2,32,10]) abinha();
translate([52.91,32,10]) abinha();
translate([116.57,32,10]) abinha();
translate([167.5,32,10]) abinha();
```


[User]
I'm looking for a parametric OpenSCAD design that generates a triangular maze. I want to be able to control the size of the triangle, the wall thickness and height, and the complexity of the maze. Specifically, the maze should be constructed within an equilateral triangle, with walls extending upwards. The maze layout should be generated randomly each time the design is rendered.

The parameters I'd like to control are:

*   `side_length`: The length of the sides of the equilateral triangle.
*   `wall_thickness`: The thickness of the maze walls.
*   `wall_height`: The height of the maze walls.
*   `cblocks`: The number of radial divisions (or "blocks") along the edges of the triangle.
*   `levels`: The number of concentric triangle levels to construct the maze.

The walls should be automatically generated based on these parameters, and the maze should be different each time I render. The core logic should come from a recursive maze generation algorithm that starts at the center and works outwards.

I'd like the output to be a single `.scad` file that I can render. It would be great if you could implement this, I'm not expecting any fancy libraries or anything.

[Assistant]
maze_triangle_generator.scad:
```
side_length = 50;

wall_thickness = 1;
wall_height = 2;

cblocks = 10;
levels = 5;

/*
 * constants, for clearness
 *
 */

// random directions, for picking up a direction to visit the next block
function PERMUTATION_OF_FOUR() = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4],
    [1, 2, 4, 3],
    [1, 3, 2, 4],
    [1, 3, 4, 2],
    [1, 4, 2, 3],
    [1, 4, 3, 2],
    [2, 1, 3, 4],
    [2, 1, 4, 3],
    [2, 3, 1, 4],
    [2, 3, 4, 1],
    [2, 4, 1, 3],
    [2, 4, 3, 1],
    [3, 1, 2, 4],
    [3, 1, 4, 2],
    [3, 2, 1, 4],
    [3, 2, 4, 1],
    [3, 4, 1, 2],
    [3, 4, 2, 1],
    [4, 1, 2, 3],
    [4, 1, 3, 2],
    [4, 2, 1, 3],
    [4, 2, 3, 1],
    [4, 3, 1, 2],
    [4, 3, 2, 1]
];

function NO_WALL() = 0;
function UP_WALL() = 1;
function RIGHT_WALL() = 2;
function UP_RIGHT_WALL() = 3;

function NOT_VISITED() = 0;
function VISITED() = 1;

/*
 * modules for creating a maze
 *
 */

function PI() = 3.14159;

/*
 * utilities functions
 *
 */

// comare the equality of [x1, y1] and [x2, y2]
function cord_equals(cord1, cord2) = cord1 == cord2;

// is the point visited?
function not_visited(cord, vs, index = 0) =
    index == len(vs) ? true :
        (cord_equals([vs[index][0], vs[index][1]], cord) && vs[index][2] == 1 ? false :
            not_visited(cord, vs, index + 1));

// pick a direction randomly
function rand_dirs() =
    PERMUTATION_OF_FOUR()[round(rands(0, 24, 1)[0])];

// replace v1 in the vector with v2
function replace(v1, v2, vs) =
    [for(i = [0:len(vs) - 1]) vs[i] == v1 ? v2 : vs[i]];

/*
 * functions for generating a maze vector
 *
 */

// initialize a maze
function init_maze(rows, columns) =
    [
	    for(c = [1 : columns])
	        for(r = [1 : rows])
		        [c, r, 0,  UP_RIGHT_WALL()]
	];

// find a vector in the maze vector
function find(i, j, maze_vector, index = 0) =
    index == len(maze_vector) ? [] : (
        cord_equals([i, j], [maze_vector[index][0], maze_vector[index][1]]) ? maze_vector[index] : find(i, j, maze_vector, index + 1)
    );

////
// NO_WALL = 0;
// UP_WALL = 1;
// RIGHT_WALL = 2;
// UP_RIGHT_WALL = 3;
function delete_right_wall(original_block) =
    original_block == NO_WALL() || original_block == RIGHT_WALL() ? NO_WALL() : UP_WALL();

function delete_up_wall(original_block) =
    (original_block == NO_WALL() || original_block == UP_WALL()) ? NO_WALL() : RIGHT_WALL();

function delete_right_wall_of(vs, is_visited, maze_vector) =
    replace(vs, [vs[0], vs[1] , is_visited, delete_right_wall(vs[3])] ,maze_vector);

function delete_up_wall_of(vs, is_visited, maze_vector) =
    replace(vs, [vs[0], vs[1] , is_visited, delete_up_wall(vs[3])] ,maze_vector);

function go_right(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i + 1, j, rows, columns, delete_right_wall_of(find(i, j, maze_vector), VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_up(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i, j - 1, rows, columns, delete_up_wall_of(find(i, j, maze_vector), VISITED(), maze_vector));

function visit(v, maze_vector) =
    replace(v, [v[0], v[1], VISITED(), v[3]], maze_vector);

function go_left(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i - 1, j, rows, columns, delete_right_wall_of(find(i - 1, j, maze_vector), NOT_VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_down(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    go_maze(i, j + 1, rows, columns, delete_up_wall_of(find(i, j + 1, maze_vector), NOT_VISITED(), maze_vector));

function go_maze(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    look_around(i, j, rand_dirs(), rows, columns, visit(find(i, j, maze_vector), maze_vector));

function look_around(i, j, dirs, rows, columns, maze_vector, index = 0) =
    index == 4 ? maze_vector :
        look_around(
            i, j, dirs,
            rows, columns,
            build_wall(i, j, dirs[index], rows, columns, maze_vector),
            index + 1
        );

function build_wall(i, j, n, rows, columns, maze_vector) =
    n == 1 && i != columns && not_visited([i + 1, j], maze_vector) ? go_right(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) : (
        n == 2 && j != 1 && not_visited([i, j - 1], maze_vector) ? go_up(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector)  : (
            n == 3 && i != 1 && not_visited([i - 1, j], maze_vector) ? go_left(i, j,rows, columns,  maze_vector)  : (
                n == 4 && j != rows && not_visited([i, j + 1], maze_vector) ? go_down(i, j, rows, columns, maze_vector) : maze_vector
            )
        )
    );

// give a [x, y] point and length. draw a line in the x direction
module x_line(point, length, thickness = 1) {
    offset = thickness / 2;
    translate([point[0] - offset, point[1] - offset, 0])
        square([length + thickness, thickness]);
}

// create a equilateral triangle
module equilateral_triangle(side_length, center = false) {
    radius = 0.57735026918962576450914878050196 * side_length;
	circle(r = radius, center = center, $fn = 3);
}

// create a holly equilateral triangle
module holly_equilateral_triangle(side_length, thickness = 1, center = true) {
    difference() {
	    offset(delta = thickness) equilateral_triangle(side_length, center = center);
	    equilateral_triangle(side_length, center = center);
    }
}

// Given a side length of a equilateral triangle, return the length of incenter to vertex.
function triangle_incenter_to_vertex_length(triangle_side_length) = 0.57735026918962576450914878050196 * triangle_side_length;

// used by `sector_cutter` module. Accepted angle is from 0 to 90 degree.
module a_quarter_sector_cutter(radius, angle) {
    outer = radius;
    polygon([[0, 0], [outer, 0], [outer, outer * sin(angle)], [outer * cos(angle), outer * sin(angle)]]);
}

// userd by `holly_equilateral_triangle_sector` for difference
module sector_cutter(radius, angles) {
    angle_from = angles[0];
    angle_to = angles[1];
    angle_difference = angle_to - angle_from;

    rotate(angle_from)
        if(angle_difference <= 90) {
            a_quarter_sector_cutter(radius, angle_difference);
        } else if(angle_difference > 90 && angle_difference <= 180) {
            sector_cutter(radius, [0, 90]);
            rotate(90) a_quarter_sector_cutter(radius, angle_difference - 90);
        } else if(angle_difference > 180 && angle_difference <= 270) {
            sector_cutter(radius, [0, 180]);
            rotate(180) a_quarter_sector_cutter(radius, angle_difference - 180);
        } else if(angle_difference > 270 && angle_difference <= 360) {
            sector_cutter(radius, [0, 270]);
            rotate(270) a_quarter_sector_cutter(radius, angle_difference - 270);
       }
}

// For a triangle, a different angle has a different length from incenter to its side.
function triangle_incenter_to_side_length(incenter_to_vertex_length, angle) =
    (angle >= 0 && angle <= 60) ? 0.5 * incenter_to_vertex_length / cos(angle) : (
	    (angle > 60 && angle <= 120) ? triangle_incenter_to_side_length(incenter_to_vertex_length, 120 - angle) : triangle_incenter_to_side_length(incenter_to_vertex_length, angle - 120)
	);

// draw a line from incenter to side for a equilateral triangle
module triangle_incenter_to_side_line(side_length, angle, incenter_to_side_blocks, level, thickness = 1) {
    block_length = triangle_incenter_to_side_length(triangle_incenter_to_vertex_length(side_length), angle + 60) / incenter_to_side_blocks ;

	rotate([0, 0, angle])
	    translate([block_length * (level - 1) + thickness, 0, 0])
		    x_line([0, 0], block_length - thickness / 2, thickness);
}

// draw a side between `angles[0]` and `angles[1]`
module holly_equilateral_triangle_sector(side_length, angles, thickness = 1) {
	intersection() {
        holly_equilateral_triangle(side_length, thickness);
	    sector_cutter(triangle_incenter_to_vertex_length(side_length) + thickness * 2, [angles[0], angles[1]]);
	}
}

module triangle_maze(side_length, cblocks, levels, thickness = 1) {
    full_circle_angle = 360;
    arc_angle = full_circle_angle / cblocks;
	incenter_to_side_blocks = levels - 2;

	divided_side_length = side_length / levels;

	maze = go_maze(1, 1, cblocks, incenter_to_side_blocks, replace([incenter_to_side_blocks, cblocks, 0, UP_RIGHT_WALL()], [incenter_to_side_blocks, cblocks, 0, UP_WALL()], init_maze(cblocks, incenter_to_side_blocks)));

	// maze
    for(i = [0:len(maze) - 1]) {
        cord = maze[i];
		cr = cord[0];
		cc = cord[1] - 1;
        v = cord[3];

		angle = cc * arc_angle;

        if(v == 1 || v == 3) {
			triangle_incenter_to_side_line(side_length, angle, levels, cr + 2, thickness);
        }

        if(v == 2 || v == 3) {
		    sl = divided_side_length * (cr + 2);
			offset_angle = angle - arc_angle / 18;

			holly_equilateral_triangle_sector(sl, [offset_angle,  offset_angle + arc_angle], thickness);
        }

		if(v == 0 || v == 1) {
		    sl = divided_side_length * (cr + 2);
			factor = abs((arc_angle * (cc + 1)) % 120 - 60) / 60;
			offset_angle = angle - arc_angle / 18;

			holly_equilateral_triangle_sector(sl, [offset_angle, offset_angle + arc_angle * (sl - divided_side_length + factor) / (sl - factor * (cr + 2))], thickness);
		}
	}

	// inner triangle
	rotate([0, 0, 240])
		holly_equilateral_triangle_sector(divided_side_length, [-45, 315 - arc_angle], thickness);

	triangle_incenter_to_side_line(side_length, 300, levels, 2, thickness = 1);

	holly_equilateral_triangle_sector(divided_side_length * 2, [arc_angle / 4, 360], thickness);
}

linear_extrude(wall_height)
    triangle_maze(side_length, cblocks, levels, wall_thickness);

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to create a 3D printable barrel shroud for a Gog G1 paintball marker, specifically for a 20-inch barrel. I have a starting point for the design, but it needs to be parameterized and made easier to modify. It’s kind of like a bull barrel shroud.

The design consists of a few key parts. First, there's a central "platte" (plate) with a U-shaped profile – it’s basically a flat piece with two raised sides. These sides are angled inwards, creating an almost triangular cross-section. There's also some additional geometry, in the existing code, that cuts away parts of the side profile. The “platte” needs to be mirrored along its length.

Then, there are "rippen" (ribs) that attach to the top and bottom, angled towards the main body. They also run along the length of the "platte", and are mirror along the y axis.  Finally, there are some cylindrical "lauf" (barrel) cutouts.

So, I need this to be parametric. I'd like to be able to adjust:

*   The overall length of the shroud.
*   The width and height of the central "platte".
*   The angle and size of the raised sides of the "platte" (where it kind of looks triangular in profile).
*   The size, number and spacing of the "rippen".
*   The diameter and location of the barrel cutouts. I need two cutouts in this, one for the main barrel, and one for the tip.

I'm not too worried about the exact dimensions of the provided code being replicated, what's important is that the geometry of the overall design is captured, but parameterized so that I can adjust the size of each of the components. I'd prefer to make adjustments in terms of dimensions as well as angles, rather than having a bunch of magic numbers that I need to work out by trial and error.

Could you generate an OpenSCAD file that handles this? I'd like the output to be a single part. Thanks!

[Assistant]
50._Kal_Barret.scad:
```
$fn = 1000;
module platte_u(){
module platte(){
    difference(){
    translate([0, -11, 0]){
    cube([56, 22, 3]);
    }
}
    module seite(){
    difference(){

        translate([0, 11, 0])
        cube([68, 20, 3]);

        translate([0, 11, -0.5])
        rotate(a = 60, v=[0, 0, 1])
            {cube([30, 30, 4]);}

        translate([82,-4, -0.5])
        rotate(a = 60, v=[0, 0, 1])
            {cube([30, 30, 4]);}
        }
}
    seite();
    mirror([0, 1, 0]){seite();
    }
}

module lauf(){

        translate([-0.5, 0, 13.72])
        rotate(a = 90, v = [0, 1, 0])
            {cylinder(d = 22.44, h = 45.6);}

        translate([45.0, 0, 13.72])
        rotate(a = 90, v = [0, 1, 0])
            cylinder(d=25.18, h=12);
}

difference(){
    platte();
    lauf();
}
}

platte_u();
mirror([0,0,1])
translate([0,0,-27.5]){platte_u();}

module rippen(){
translate([-1.2,9,0]){
rotate(a = 330, v=[0,0,1])
cube([3,30,27.5]);
}

translate([25.4,9,0]){
rotate(a = 330, v=[0,0,1])
cube([3,30,27.5]);
}

translate([51.5,9,0]){
rotate(a = 330, v=[0,0,1])
cube([3,30,27.5]);
}
}

module Rippen(){
rippen();
mirror([0,1,0]) rippen();
}
module lauf(){

        translate([-2.5, 0, 13.72])
        rotate(a = 90, v = [0, 1, 0])
            {cylinder(d = 22.44, h = 42.6);}

        translate([45.0, 0, 13.72])
        rotate(a = 90, v = [0, 1, 0])
            cylinder(d=25.18, h=12);
}

difference(){
Rippen();
    lauf();
}

```


[User]
I need a tool designed to insert O-rings into a cylindrical bore, and I'd like it to be parameterized so I can easily adjust it for different O-ring sizes and bore diameters. I have a couple of existing OpenSCAD files that are sort of what I'm looking for, but I want to start fresh and make it more robust.

The tool will consist of four main parts: a shell, a plug, a finger, and a handle. Here's how I envision them:

*   **Shell:** This is the main body of the tool. It's essentially a cylinder with a stepped bore. The outer diameter isn't super critical, but the inner diameter needs to match the bore that the o-ring will be going into, with a small gap for the plug.
*   **Plug:** This is the part that actually pushes the O-ring into the bore. It's a cylindrical piece with a shoulder that will eventually push on the o-ring. It needs to have a feature that keys into a groove in the shell so that it can be inserted straight. It needs to include a stretch area that thins the o-ring as it's inserted. It also needs a bevel on the very end to help guide it into the bore and start stretching the o-ring. The o-ring channel should also have an area that flares out slightly, like a shallow funnel, to help with insertion.
*   **Finger:** This is a small, thin piece that fits into the slot in the shell and key into the slot in the plug to prevent rotation. It's a simple shape that will prevent the plug from rotating as it's pushed into the shell.
*   **Handle:** A simple handle connected to the finger, primarily for pushing the plug in.

Here are the critical parameters I'll need to be able to adjust:

*   `HoleDiameterInches`: The diameter of the bore that the o-ring will be inserted into (in inches).
*   `RingThicknessInches`: The thickness of the o-ring (in inches).
*   `RingInsertionDepthInches`: The depth the O-ring should be inserted to, from the end of the bore (in inches).

I also need a few calculated values:

*   `inch`: Should be 25.4 * 1, this will be the conversion factor from inches to millimeters.
*   `internalD`: The hole diameter in millimeters (`HoleDiameterInches` \* `inch`).
*   `SlotWidth`: The width of the slot in the shell and the corresponding key on the plug, for now I want it to be `inch/8`.
*   `ORingThickness`: The o-ring thickness in millimeters (`RingThicknessInches` \* `inch`).
*   `OringDepth`: The o-ring insertion depth in millimeters (`RingInsertionDepthInches` \* `inch`).
*   `Gap`:  A small gap for tolerances, let's say .25 millimeters for now.

I would like to use the `partial_rotate_extrude.scad` code from the previous project to create the stretched o-ring groove. Please make sure to include that file (or rewrite its function). The main design should be in its own file, and I'd like the partial rotation code in a second separate file.

I'm hoping you can generate the OpenSCAD code for these two files. I'm not using any specialized libraries for this (like BOLTS), but the partial rotate extrusion code uses the MCAD library for some basic shapes.

[Assistant]
ORingInserterV2.scad:
```
HoleDiameterInches=0.5625;
RingThicknessInches= .125;
RingInsertionDepthInches=.5;

//Multiplying by 1 prevents Thingiverse's Customizer from making constants variables.
inch=25.4*1;
internalD = HoleDiameterInches*inch;
SlotWidth = inch/8;
ORingThickness = RingThicknessInches*inch;
OringDepth = RingInsertionDepthInches*inch;
Gap=.25;
$fn=72*1;
use <partial_rotate_extrude.scad>;

ORingInserter();
translate([0,50,0])
  ORingInserterPartsLayout();

module ORingInserter(){
  color("blue", alpha=.5)
    InserterShell();
  color("silver",alpha=.6)
    InserterPlug();
  color("gray")
    InserterFinger();
  color("brown")
    InserterHandle();
}
module ORingInserterPartsLayout(){
   translate([-30,0,1.25*inch])
    rotate([0,180,0])
     color("blue", alpha=.5)
        InserterShell();
  translate([30,0,1*inch-Gap-ORingThickness])
    rotate([0,180,0])
      color("silver")
        InserterPlug();
  translate([15,-25,SlotWidth/2])
    rotate([0,-90,0])
      color("gray")
        InserterFinger();
  translate([0, 00,2.5*inch-internalD+ORingThickness/2])
    rotate([0,180,0])
      color("gray")
        InserterHandle();
}

module InserterShell(){
  difference(){
    cylinder(d=internalD+inch/4, h=1.25* inch);
    translate([0,0,-.05])
      cylinder(d=internalD+Gap, h=1* inch);
    translate([0,0,.95*inch])
      cylinder(d=inch/4+Gap, h=.4* inch);
    FingerKeyway();
  }
}

module InserterPlug(){
  translate([0,0,-OringDepth-SlotWidth ])
    difference(){
    //Main shaft
    cylinder(d=internalD-Gap, h=1* inch+OringDepth-Gap);
      FingerKeyway()
    //Bottom bevel
    translate([0,0,-Gap])
      rotate_extrude()
        polygon([[internalD/2+.1,ORingThickness*.85],
                      [internalD/2+.1, 0],
                      [internalD/2-ORingThickness*.75-Gap,0]]);
      //Oring slot
      translate([0,0,SlotWidth])
      rotate_extrude()
        polygon([[internalD/2-2*Gap,ORingThickness*1.1],
                      [internalD/2+Gap,ORingThickness*1.3],
                      [internalD/2+Gap, -SlotWidth-ORingThickness],
                      [internalD/2-.5-Gap, -SlotWidth-ORingThickness],
                      [internalD/2-.5-Gap, -ORingThickness*.3],
                      [internalD/2-.5-5*Gap, 0],
                      [internalD/2-ORingThickness+Gap/2,0],
                      [internalD/2-ORingThickness+Gap/2,ORingThickness*1.1]]);
      //Streched Oring channel
      angle1 = atan(ORingThickness/(internalD/2-ORingThickness));
      angle2= atan(SlotWidth/(internalD/2-ORingThickness));
      echo("Angle 1 = ", angle1, "   Angle 2 = ", angle2);
      translate([0,0,-ORingThickness-Gap])
        difference(){
          rotate([0,0,-angle1-angle2/2])
           partial_rotate_extrude(angle=(2*angle1+angle2), radius= internalD/2-ORingThickness, convex=10)
                translate([0,10,0])
                  square([2*ORingThickness+1*Gap,3.25*ORingThickness]);
         translate([0,0,-1*inch])
            cylinder(d=internalD-ORingThickness*2, h= 1.5*inch, $fn=36);
        }
    }
  }
module FingerKeyway(){
    translate([-SlotWidth/4,-SlotWidth/2-Gap,-.1*inch])
      cube([internalD/2 +SlotWidth/4+Gap,SlotWidth+Gap,2.5*inch - OringDepth]);
}
module InserterFinger(){
   difference(){
        translate([0,0,-OringDepth-SlotWidth-Gap])
        intersection(){
           translate([-SlotWidth/4+Gap/2,-SlotWidth/2+Gap,-.05])
            cube([internalD/2 +SlotWidth/2,SlotWidth-Gap*2,2*inch+OringDepth]);
            cylinder(d=internalD-.05, h=3* inch+OringDepth , $fs=.3, $fa=1, $fn=360);
        }
        translate([internalD/2-ORingThickness,-SlotWidth/1.9,-OringDepth])
          cube([ORingThickness, SlotWidth+.1,ORingThickness*1.1]);
    }
  }

module InserterHandle(){
  difference(){
  union(){
    translate([0,0,1.625*inch])
    cylinder(r1=SlotWidth/2, r2=internalD/2,h = inch/4);
    translate([0,0,1.874*inch])
    cylinder(d=internalD,h = inch/8);
  }
  scale([1.01,1.05,1])//Tolerances
    InserterFinger();
}
}

```
partial_rotate_extrude.scad:
```
use <MCAD/regular_shapes.scad>;
use <MCAD/shapes.scad>;
//include <.3D-PCB/3D-PCB.scad>;

partial_rotate_extrude(235, 20, 10)
cross_section(10,2);

module teardrop_flat(diameter) {
	union() {
		circle(r = diameter/2, $fn = 100, center=true);
		rotate(45) square(diameter/2);
	}
}

module cross_section(diameter, thickness) {
	difference() {
		teardrop_flat(diameter);
		teardrop_flat(diameter - thickness*2);
		translate([0,-diameter/2,0]) square([diameter*2,diameter], center=true);
	}
}

module pie_slice(radius, angle, step) {
	for(theta = [0:step:angle-step]) {
		rotate([0,0,0])
		linear_extrude(height = radius*15, center=true)
		polygon(
			points = [
				[0,0],
				[radius * cos(theta+step) ,radius * sin(theta+step)],
				[radius*cos(theta),radius*sin(theta)]
			]
		);
	}
}

module partial_rotate_extrude(angle, radius, convex) {
	intersection () {
		rotate_extrude(convexity=convex) translate([radius,0,0]) children(0);
		pie_slice(radius*2, angle, angle/10);
	}
}

```
ORingInserter.scad:
```
HoleDiameterInches=0.5625;
RingThicknessInches= .125;
RingInsertionDepthInches=.5;

//Multiplying by 1 prevents Thingiverse's Customizer from making constants variables.
inch=25.4*1;
internalD = HoleDiameterInches*inch;
SlotWidth = inch/8;
ORingThickness = RingThicknessInches*inch;
OringDepth = RingInsertionDepthInches*inch;
Gap=.25;
$fn=72*1;
use <partial_rotate_extrude.scad>;

ORingInserter();
//translate([0,50,0])
//  ORingInserterPartsLayout();

module ORingInserter(){
  color("blue", alpha=.5)
    InserterShell();
  color("silver")
    InserterPlug();
  color("gray")
    InserterFinger();
  color("brown")
    InserterHandle();
}
module ORingInserterPartsLayout(){
   translate([0,0,1.25*inch])
    rotate([0,180,0])
     color("blue", alpha=.5)
        InserterShell();
  translate([30,0,OringDepth+ORingThickness])
    color("silver")
      InserterPlug();
  translate([0,-25,SlotWidth/2])
    rotate([0,-90,0])
      color("gray")
        InserterFinger();
  translate([30,-25,2.5*inch-internalD+ORingThickness/2])
    rotate([0,180,0])
      color("gray")
        InserterHandle();
}

module InserterShell(){
  difference(){
    cylinder(d=internalD+inch/4, h=1.25* inch);
    translate([0,0,-.05])
      cylinder(d=internalD+Gap, h=1* inch);
    translate([0,0,.95*inch])
      cylinder(d=inch/4+Gap, h=.4* inch);
    FingerKeyway();
  }
}

module FingerKeyway(){
    translate([-SlotWidth+.5,-SlotWidth/2-Gap,-.1*inch])
      cube([internalD/2 +SlotWidth,SlotWidth+Gap,2.5*inch - OringDepth]);
}
module InserterPlug(){
  translate([0,0,-OringDepth-SlotWidth ])
    difference(){
    //Main shaft
    cylinder(d=internalD-Gap, h=1* inch+OringDepth-Gap);
      FingerKeyway()
    //Bottom bevel
    translate([0,0,-.1])
      rotate_extrude()
        polygon([[internalD/2+.1,ORingThickness*.85],
                      [internalD/2+.1, 0],
                      [internalD/2-ORingThickness*.75-.1,0]]);
      //Oring slot
      translate([0,0,SlotWidth])
      rotate_extrude()
        polygon([[internalD/2-.5,ORingThickness*1.0],
                      [internalD/2+Gap,ORingThickness*1.3],
                      [internalD/2+Gap, -ORingThickness*.3],
                      [internalD/2-.5, 0],
                      [internalD/2-ORingThickness-Gap,0],
                      [internalD/2-ORingThickness-Gap,ORingThickness*1.1]]);
      //Streched Oring channel
      angle1 = atan(ORingThickness/(internalD/2-ORingThickness));
      angle2= atan(SlotWidth/(internalD/2-ORingThickness));
      echo("Angle 1 = ", angle1, "   Angle 2 = ", angle2);
      translate([0,0,.25*inch])
        difference(){
          rotate([0,0,-angle1-angle2/2])
           partial_rotate_extrude(angle=(2*angle1+angle2), radius= internalD/2-ORingThickness, convex=5)
              cube([.1,ORingThickness+Gap,internalD]);
         translate([0,0,-1*inch])
            cylinder(d=internalD-ORingThickness*2, h= 2*inch, $fn=36);
        }
  }
  }
module InserterFinger(){
   difference(){
        translate([0,0,-OringDepth-SlotWidth-Gap])
        intersection(){
           translate([-SlotWidth/2,-SlotWidth/2+Gap,-.05])
            cube([internalD/2 +SlotWidth/2,SlotWidth-Gap*2,2*inch+OringDepth]);
            cylinder(d=internalD-.05, h=3.5* inch, $fs=.3, $fa=1, $fn=360);
        }
        translate([internalD/2-ORingThickness,-SlotWidth/1.9,-OringDepth])
          cube([ORingThickness, SlotWidth+.1,ORingThickness*1.1]);
    }
  }

module InserterHandle(){
  difference(){
  union(){
    translate([0,0,2.125*inch-OringDepth])
    cylinder(r1=SlotWidth/2, r2=internalD/2,h = inch/4);
    translate([0,0,2.375*inch-OringDepth])
    cylinder(d=internalD,h = inch/8);
  }
  InserterFinger();
}
}

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking for an OpenSCAD design for a magnetic button or indicator. The basic idea is a disc with a cavity to hold a cylindrical magnet and a separate cap that fits into another cavity on the other side. The cap should be optional, but I want the design to handle it in case I want to print it in a different color for simple visual indication, or have some kind of design printed on the cap later.

Here are the specific parameters I'm thinking of:

*   **Button:**
    *   Overall diameter
    *   Overall height
    *   An edge profile parameter - something to control how rounded or tapered the edge of the button is. I want the option to have a more flat edge than a perfect semi-circle.
*   **Magnet Socket:**
    *   Magnet diameter
    *   Magnet height
    *   Padding around the magnet cavity for a snug fit, both radial and in height

*   **Cap:**
    *   A way to scale the diameter of the flat portion of the button face where the cap goes, as well as padding around that for a good fit.
    *   The cap's height is automatically determined as being half the remaining button thickness after the magnet socket is carved out, that way the cap can be printed to a matching height.

I'd also like all of the parameters to be customizable, with reasonable defaults, so I can easily change things later.  I don't have any experience using any OpenSCAD libraries, but if you think it could help, I'm open to it!

I'm really interested to see what you come up with! Thanks!

[Assistant]
magnetic_button_indicator.scad:
```
// Magnetic button/indicator
// disc with socket for common cylindrical magnets
// Author: Peter K. Johnson (PPK)

/* [Primary parameters] */
// changes curvature of button edge, 1=semi-circle, >1=tapered, <1=flatter
button_edge_scale = 1.2;
button_height = 5;
button_diameter = 30;
magnet_height = 3.2;
magnet_diameter = 12.75;

/* [Extra parameters] */
// scale of flat portion of button face used for the cap
cap_scale = 1;
cap_width_padding = 0.5;
magnet_height_padding = 0.3;
magnet_width_padding = 0.5;

/* [Hidden] */
// computed variables, shouldn't need modification
button_radius = button_diameter/2;
magnet_radius = magnet_diameter/2;
magnet_socket_height = magnet_height+magnet_height_padding;
magnet_socket_radius = magnet_radius+magnet_width_padding/2;
curve_offset = (button_height/2*button_edge_scale);
cap_height = (button_height-magnet_socket_height)/2;
cap_radius = (button_radius-curve_offset)*cap_scale;

$fn = 64;

// the button
difference() {
  // button body
  union() {
    rotate_extrude()
      translate([button_radius-curve_offset, button_height/2])
        scale([button_edge_scale,1])
          circle(button_height/2);
    cylinder(h = button_height, r = button_radius-curve_offset);
  }

  // magnet socket
  translate([0, 0, (button_height - magnet_socket_height)/2])
    cylinder(h = magnet_socket_height+0.1, r = magnet_socket_radius);

  // cap socket
  translate([0, 0, button_height-cap_height])
    cylinder(h = cap_height+0.1, r = cap_radius);
}

// the cap
translate([0, button_radius*2+5, 0])
  cylinder(h = cap_height, r = cap_radius-cap_width_padding/2);

```


[User]
Okay, so I'm looking to create a pen loop for my journals, and I'd like it to be parametric so I can easily adjust it for different pens. I've been playing around with some designs, but I'd love to get something a little more polished. I'd like the design to consist of a loop to hold the pen, and a tab to attach the loop to the cover of a notebook.

Specifically, I'd like the following parameters:

*   `height`: This is the height of the loop that actually touches the pen.
*   `inner_dia`: This is the inner diameter of the loop, so it should fit the pen snugly but with a little bit of room.
*   `thickness`: The thickness of both the loop walls and the tab.
*   `tab_width`: The width of the tab that gets glued to the journal.
*   `smoothness`: This will control the number of facets in the curve of the cylinder, like when using `$fn` in OpenSCAD.

The main loop part should be a hollow cylinder, with the tab extending out from one side. The tab should be a simple rectangular prism. I think it would be good to add a small fillet where the tab meets the loop, to make the transition smoother and less likely to break.

I'd like the design to be defined in a module called `pen_loop`, and the module should take all of the parameters listed above. Can you create an OpenSCAD file for this design using those parameters? I'm not too fussed about the specific libraries used, but I'd like to avoid complex dependencies if possible. Standard OpenSCAD functionality is perfectly fine if it works. Thanks!

[Assistant]
pen_loop.scad:
```
//Copyright Hsiao-yu Chen 2016

//Pen Loop, Style 1

//model for a simple pen loop for notebooks and journals.
//

//
// Designed #1: for simple mounting on front of back covers of a notebook.

//Parameters:

//height: the length of pen section to hold
height = 10;

//inner_dia : should be the diameter of pen with a bit of slack
inner_dia = 14;
//thickness : thickness of both tab and loop
thickness = 1.1;
//tab_width : how wide the tab is
tab_width = 25;

module pen_loop_1(height, inner_dia, thickness, tab_width, smoothness = 180){
    radius = inner_dia / 2.0;

    difference(){
        union () {
            //a tab to attach to paper
            translate([0, radius, 0])
                cube(size =[tab_width, thickness / 2.0, height]);

            //main body cylindar
            cylinder($fn=smoothness, h=height, d=inner_dia+thickness);

            //fillet
            translate([0,0 ,0]) cube(size=[radius, inner_dia / 2.0, height]);
        }; //union

        //hallow out inner_diameter cylindar
        cylinder($fn=smoothness,  h=height, d=inner_dia);
        };
} //module

//Examples:
//LAMY Safari butt
//pen_loop_1(10, 13, 1.1, 25, 180);
//LAMY Safari Cap:
//pen_loop_1(10, 15, 1.1, 25, 180);

//Rotring Artpen cap
//pen_loop_1(35, 14, 1.1, 25, 180);

pen_loop_1(height, inner_dia, thickness,tab_width);

```


[User]
I'd like to design a parametric skateboard door hook, so I can keep my board out of the way. I've got some specific dimensions in mind, and I'd like the design to be easily adjustable.

Here's what I'm looking for:

*   The hook should accommodate different skateboard wheel sizes. I need parameters for the wheel diameter (`roll_diameter`) and wheel width (`roll_width`).
*   It needs to be designed to fit over a door.  There should be a parameter for the door thickness (`door_width`).
*   I'd like a parameter to control the general thickness and strength of the hook's structure (`strength`).
*   There should be an inner hook piece that catches the board, with its own strength parameter (`inner_strength`) and height (`inner_height`).
*   The main body of the hook should be a kind of a U shape that cups the wheel and comes forward from the door a little.
*   The hook part that holds the board should extend out from the door and then up, creating an 'L' shape.
*   I'd like the design to be such that the board itself doesn't contact the structure that cups the wheel -- the wheel rests in the cup and the board rests on the inner hook.
*   I'd like to avoid any sharp edges so I think it would be useful to have fillets.
*   I don't have any preference as to which libraries to use or whether to use none at all.

Could you generate a parametric OpenSCAD file for this?

[Assistant]
skate-door-hook.scad:
```
roll_diameter = 75;
roll_width = 50;
door_width = 13.7;
strength = 5;
inner_strength = 2;
inner_height = 12;

$fn=100;

difference(){
    cube([roll_diameter +2*strength , roll_diameter + 2*strength, roll_width]);

    translate([roll_diameter/2+strength, roll_diameter/2, -2*strength]) cylinder(r=roll_diameter/2, h=100);

    translate([-0.1,-0.1,-2*strength]) cube([roll_diameter/2+0.1, roll_diameter -2*strength+0.3, 100]);

    translate([-0.1,-0.1,-2*strength]) cube([roll_diameter+strength+0.1,roll_diameter/2+0.1,100]);

    translate([-0.1,roll_diameter-2*strength+0.1,-0.1]) cube([roll_diameter/4+0.1,5*strength+0.1,roll_width*2]);
}
translate([roll_diameter+2*strength,0,0]) cube([door_width + inner_strength, strength, roll_width]);

translate([roll_diameter+2*strength+door_width,strength,0])
cube([inner_strength, inner_height+strength, roll_width]);
```


[User]
Hey, I'm trying to make a parametric version of this sine wave surface I have, but I'm having trouble getting it to work nicely. I've got a basic version using nested for loops and cubes, but it's slow and doesn't let me easily change parameters like the frequency, amplitude, or the dimensions of the base plane.

Here's the basic code I have that I'm starting from:

```
function f(x,y) = sin(36*sqrt((x*x)+(y*y)));

for (x=[-10:0.1:+10]){
    for (y=[-10:0.1:10]) {
        translate ([x,y,0])
        cube ([0.3,0.1,5.2+3*f(x,y)],false);
    }
}
```

Basically, I want to generate a 3D surface where the height at any point (x, y) is given by a sinusoidal function of the radius, `r = sqrt(x^2 + y^2)`. Right now the function is `sin(36*r)`, but I want to be able to control the radial frequency with a parameter and also the amplitude.

Could you help me design a parametric OpenSCAD file (or files, if that's easier) that lets me easily customize:

1.  The frequency of the radial waves (currently the "36" in `sin(36*r)`)
2.  The amplitude of the waves (currently the "3" in `5.2+3*f(x,y)`)
3.  The base offset (currently "5.2" in `5.2+3*f(x,y)`)
4.  The size and resolution of the x-y plane (currently going from -10 to 10 with steps of 0.1). I should be able to set the X and Y dimensions separately.
5.  The base thickness of the surface (currently the z-dimension of the cube, given as the '5.2' component in the expression `5.2+3*f(x,y)` before the addition of the wave)
6.  Instead of using cubes, I would much prefer to have some kind of "height field" generated directly from the function. I'm not sure how to do that, but it would make the visualization much cleaner and probably faster. Maybe we could use `surface()`? I'm not sure how `surface()` exactly works, but it seems like it might be applicable here.

Ideally, the file would use `module`s for the main wave generation logic and also the parameters that control it. I'd also like it to be fairly efficient and generate a relatively smooth surface, and avoid too much triangulation if possible. I don't need any included files besides the main design file, but I'm happy to use any standard libraries you think are useful, like MCAD or BOSL2, or even BOLTS if applicable (I don't think bolts would make sense in this case). Thanks!

[Assistant]
SinusR.scad:
```
function f(x,y) = sin(36*sqrt((x*x)+(y*y)));

for (x=[-10:0.1:+10]){
    for (y=[-10:0.1:10]) {
        translate ([x,y,0])
        cube ([0.3,0.1,5.2+3*f(x,y)],false);
    }
}
```


[User]
I'm looking to design a lightweight vise handle, something that's less bulky than the standard ones that come with Kurt-style milling vises. It should be parametric so I can easily adjust the size and features.

Specifically, I need the following:

*   **Overall Shape:** A bar with rounded ends. The middle section should be a rectangular cuboid, and then the ends should be rounded with cylinders smoothly blended into the cuboid.
*   **Dimensions:**
    *   `length`:  The total length of the handle.
    *   `width`: The width of the handle's rectangular middle section.
    *   `thickness`:  The thickness of the handle.
*   **Hex Hole:**  A hexagonal hole in the center of the handle, sized to fit standard vise screws.
    *   `hex_size`: The distance across the flats of the hexagon.
*   **End Options:** I need to be able to choose between three options for each end of the handle (independently):
    *   **Plain Hex:** Same hex hole as in the center, used to drive the vise directly.
    *   **Knob:** A cylindrical knob with a spherical top and a recessed base that attaches to the handle. This should also be parametric.
    *   **Bearing Recess:** A recess designed to hold a bearing. This should have a defined diameter and depth. I don't need the actual bearing modeled, just the recess.
    * I need to have 0, 1 or 2 knobs and 0,1 or 2 bearing recesses, these should not be mixed.

*   **Parametric Control:** All dimensions above should be adjustable via parameters.
*  **Fragment count** Should be controlled with `$fn`

I'd like to have all of this in a parametric OpenSCAD file. I'd prefer a single file if possible, but if it gets too complicated you can split it into multiple files with a main file importing the modules.

[Assistant]
vise_handle.scad:
```
length=125;
width=35;
thickness=8;
hex_size=19.6;
bearing_count = 0;
knob_count = 2;
$fn=90;	// fragment count

module dummyBearing() {
	difference() {
		cylinder(d=22,h=7);
		translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(d=8,h=9);
	}
}

$fn=90;

module hex(size=1,height=1,rot=0) {
    rotate([0,0,rot]) {
        w=size/1.732;
        translate ([-size/2,-w/2,0]) cube([size,w,height]);
        rotate([0,0,60]) translate ([-size/2,-w/2,0]) cube([size,w,height]);
        rotate([0,0,120]) translate ([-size/2,-w/2,0]) cube([size,w,height]);
    }
}

module knob(fixed=0) {
	difference() {
		union() {
			cylinder(d1=10,d2=15,h=20);
			translate([0,0,20]) sphere(d=15);
		}
		translate([0,0,-1]) cylinder(d=5,h=10+1);
	}
	if (fixed==1) {
		cylinder(d1=20,d2=10,h=5);
	}
}

module handle(len=90,width=32,thick=8,hex=19.6,bearings=0,bearing_depth=3,knobs=0) {
    difference() {
        union() {
            translate([-(len-width)/2,-width/2,0]) cube([len-width,width,thick]);
            translate([-(len-width)/2,0,0]) cylinder(d=width,h=thick);
            translate([(len-width)/2,0,0]) cylinder(d=width,h=thick);
        }
        translate([0,0,-1]) hex(hex,thick+2,30);	// center hex hole
		// left end hex, knob or bearing
		if (knobs > 0) {
		} else {
			if (bearings > 0) {
				translate([-(len-width)/2,0,thick/2])	{
					translate([0,0,-thick/2-1]) cylinder(d=18,h=thick+2);
					translate([0,0,-thick/2-1]) cylinder(d=22,h=bearing_depth+1);
					translate([0,0,thick/2-bearing_depth]) cylinder(d=22,h=bearing_depth+1);
				}
			} else {
				translate([-(len-width)/2,0,-1]) hex(hex,thick+2,30);
			}
		}
		// right end hex, knob or bearing
		if (knobs > 1) {
		} else {
			if (bearings > 1) {
				translate([(len-width)/2,0,thick/2])	{
					translate([0,0,-thick/2-1]) cylinder(d=18,h=thick+2);
					translate([0,0,-thick/2-1]) cylinder(d=22,h=bearing_depth+1);
					translate([0,0,thick/2-bearing_depth]) cylinder(d=22,h=bearing_depth+1);
				}
			} else {
				translate([(len-width)/2,0,-1]) hex(hex,thick+2,30);
			}
		}
	}
	if (knobs > 0) {
		translate([-(len-width)/2,0,thick])	knob(fixed=1);
	}
	if (knobs > 1) {
		translate([(len-width)/2,0,thick])	knob(fixed=1);
	}
}

//translate([0,-60,0])
{
	handle(len=length,width=width,thick=thickness,hex=hex_size,bearings=bearing_count,knobs=knob_count);
}
//translate([0,-20,0]) {
//	handle(len=length,width=35,thick=8,bearings=0,knobs=2);
//}
//translate([0,20,0]) {
//	handle(len=length,width=35,thick=8,bearings=1,knobs=0);
//	translate([-(length-35)/2,0,5]) dummyBearing();
//	translate([-(length-35)/2,0,-5]) dummyBearing();
//	translate([-(length-35)/2,0,12]) knob();
//}
//translate([0,60,0]) {
//	handle(len=length,width=35,thick=8,bearings=2);
//	translate([-(length-35)/2,0,5]) dummyBearing();
//	translate([-(length-35)/2,0,-5]) dummyBearing();
//	translate([-(length-35)/2,0,12]) knob();
//	translate([(length-35)/2,0,5]) dummyBearing();
//	translate([(length-35)/2,0,-5]) dummyBearing();
//	translate([(length-35)/2,0,12]) knob();
//}
//

```


[User]
Hey, I'm looking to design some custom combs for gel electrophoresis, specifically for PCR. I've got a decent idea of what I need, but I'm not great at CAD, so I was hoping you could help me generate some OpenSCAD files.

Basically, the comb is a flat piece of material with teeth cut into it. I need to be able to control a bunch of dimensions for different applications.

Here’s what I'm thinking:

**Overall Dimensions:**

*   I need to be able to set the final height of the comb (the vertical dimension), the total length (the horizontal dimension), and the material thickness.

**Comb Teeth:**

*   I want to define the center-to-center distance between each comb tooth.
*   I also need to specify the gap (the space) between each tooth.
*   The vertical length of each tooth (how far it projects from the comb body) should be adjustable too.

**Side Spacers:**

*   I need some spacing between the comb teeth and the bottom of the comb's main body so that it can be supported on a stand, this spacing should be adjustable.
*   I'd like to set a minimum extra space on either side of the teeth, kind of like a buffer.

**Top Comb:**

*   I need a second set of comb teeth mirrored on the opposite side of the main part, but they should be able to be configured differently.
*   I want a multiplier for the number of teeth, so the top comb can have 2x or 3x the number of teeth as the main comb.
*   I also need to be able to set the gap between these top teeth independently.
*   I'd like for the spacing of the top comb to be based on the main comb, so it would use the `combRepeat` but divided by the multiplier to get more spacing on the top set of teeth.

It'd be awesome if the design were parametric, so I could tweak these values and have the model update. And if it were possible to output a 2D projection for laser cutting (like a DXF), that would be fantastic, but I'd like the output for STL models to be standard.

I'm thinking I will make these out of laser-cut plastic, probably something like Delrin or polycarbonate.

Does this sound doable? Thanks a ton!

[Assistant]
PCR_Combs_Customizer.scad:
```
// preview[view:south, tilt:top]

/* [Global] */
// Final height of the comb part
materialHeight = 48;
// Final width of the comb part
materialLength = 195;
// Final thickness of the comb part
materialThick = 2;

/* Comb Dimensions] */
// Center to center distance between combs
combRepeat = 9;
// Separation between combs
combGap = 1;
// Vertical length of the comb
combLength = 14;

/* [Side Spacer] */
// Offset for spacing the wells from the base
wellHeight = 2;
// Minimum extra space on the sides
sideSpacer = 3;

/* [Top Parameters] */
// Top half spacing on the other side
spacingMultiplier = 2;
// Separation between combs on the top
combGapTop = 1;

/* [Hidden] */
numCuts = floor((materialLength-2*sideSpacer)/combRepeat);
spacerWidth = (materialLength-numCuts*combRepeat)/2;

module makePart()
{
	difference()
	{
		cube([materialLength,materialHeight,materialThick],center=false);
		union()
		{
			// First Comb
			makeComb(numCuts,spacerWidth,combRepeat,combGap,combLength);
			// Additional spacer block (to shorten combs)
			translate([spacerWidth,-1,-materialThick/2])
			cube([materialLength-2*spacerWidth,wellHeight+1,materialThick*2],center=false);

			// Second Comb
			translate([materialLength,materialHeight,0])
			rotate([0,0,180])
			makeComb(numCuts*spacingMultiplier,spacerWidth,combRepeat/spacingMultiplier,combGapTop,combLength);
			// Second spacer block
			translate([materialLength,materialHeight,0])
			rotate([0,0,180])
			translate([spacerWidth,-1,-materialThick/2])
			cube([materialLength-2*spacerWidth,wellHeight+1,materialThick*2],center=false);
		}
	}
}

module makeComb(numCombs, xStart, xSpace, xGap, height)
{
	for (i=[1:numCombs+1])
	{
		translate([xStart+(i-1)*xSpace-xGap/2,wellHeight-1-wellHeight,-materialThick/2])
		cube([xGap,height+1+wellHeight,materialThick*2],center=false);
	}
}

//projection()
translate([0,0,-materialThickness/2])
makePart();

```