"""
Title: Character-level text generation with LSTM
Author: [fchollet](https://twitter.com/fchollet)
Date created: 2015/06/15
Last modified: 2020/04/30
Description: Generate text from Nietzsche's writings with a character-level LSTM.
"""
"""
## Introduction

This example demonstrates how to use a LSTM model to generate
text character-by-character.

At least 20 epochs are required before the generated text
starts sounding locally coherent.

It is recommended to run this script on GPU, as recurrent
networks are quite computationally intensive.

If you try this script on new data, make sure your corpus
has at least ~100k characters. ~1M is better.
"""

"""
## Setup
"""
from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import layers

import numpy as np
import random
import io

"""
## Prepare the data
"""

path = keras.utils.get_file(
    "nietzsche.txt", origin="https://s3.amazonaws.com/text-datasets/nietzsche.txt"
)
with io.open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
    text = f.read().lower()
text = text.replace("\n", " ")  # We remove newlines chars for nicer display
print("Corpus length:", len(text))

chars = sorted(list(set(text)))
print("Total chars:", len(chars))
char_indices = dict((c, i) for i, c in enumerate(chars))
indices_char = dict((i, c) for i, c in enumerate(chars))

# cut the text in semi-redundant sequences of maxlen characters
maxlen = 40
step = 3
sentences = []
next_chars = []
for i in range(0, len(text) - maxlen, step):
    sentences.append(text[i : i + maxlen])
    next_chars.append(text[i + maxlen])
print("Number of sequences:", len(sentences))

x = np.zeros((len(sentences), maxlen, len(chars)), dtype=np.bool)
y = np.zeros((len(sentences), len(chars)), dtype=np.bool)
for i, sentence in enumerate(sentences):
    for t, char in enumerate(sentence):
        x[i, t, char_indices[char]] = 1
    y[i, char_indices[next_chars[i]]] = 1


"""
## Build the model: a single LSTM layer
"""

model = keras.Sequential(
    [
        keras.Input(shape=(maxlen, len(chars))),
        layers.LSTM(128),
        layers.Dense(len(chars), activation="softmax"),
    ]
)
optimizer = keras.optimizers.RMSprop(learning_rate=0.01)
model.compile(loss="categorical_crossentropy", optimizer=optimizer)

"""
## Prepare the text sampling function
"""


def sample(preds, temperature=1.0):
    # helper function to sample an index from a probability array
    preds = np.asarray(preds).astype("float64")
    preds = np.log(preds) / temperature
    exp_preds = np.exp(preds)
    preds = exp_preds / np.sum(exp_preds)
    probas = np.random.multinomial(1, preds, 1)
    return np.argmax(probas)


"""
## Train the model
"""

epochs = 40
batch_size = 128

for epoch in range(epochs):
    model.fit(x, y, batch_size=batch_size, epochs=1)
    print()
    print("Generating text after epoch: %d" % epoch)

    start_index = random.randint(0, len(text) - maxlen - 1)
    for diversity in [0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2]:
        print("...Diversity:", diversity)

        generated = ""
        sentence = text[start_index : start_index + maxlen]
        print('...Generating with seed: "' + sentence + '"')

        for i in range(400):
            x_pred = np.zeros((1, maxlen, len(chars)))
            for t, char in enumerate(sentence):
                x_pred[0, t, char_indices[char]] = 1.0
            preds = model.predict(x_pred, verbose=0)[0]
            next_index = sample(preds, diversity)
            next_char = indices_char[next_index]
            sentence = sentence[1:] + next_char
            generated += next_char

        print("...Generated: ", generated)
        print()

"""
Title: Character-level text generation with LSTM
Author: [fchollet](https://twitter.com/fchollet)
Date created: 2015/06/15
Last modified: 2020/04/30
Description: Generate text from Nietzsche's writings with a character-level LSTM.
"""
"""
## Introduction

This example demonstrates how to use a LSTM model to generate
text character-by-character.

At least 20 epochs are required before the generated text
starts sounding locally coherent.

It is recommended to run this script on GPU, as recurrent
networks are quite computationally intensive.

If you try this script on new data, make sure your corpus
has at least ~100k characters. ~1M is better.
"""

"""
## Setup
"""
from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import layers

import numpy as np
import random
import io

"""
## Prepare the data
"""

path = keras.utils.get_file(
    "nietzsche.txt", origin="https://s3.amazonaws.com/text-datasets/nietzsche.txt"
)
with io.open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
    text = f.read().lower()
text = text.replace("\n", " ")  # We remove newlines chars for nicer display
print("Corpus length:", len(text))

chars = sorted(list(set(text)))
print("Total chars:", len(chars))
char_indices = dict((c, i) for i, c in enumerate(chars))
indices_char = dict((i, c) for i, c in enumerate(chars))

# cut the text in semi-redundant sequences of maxlen characters
maxlen = 40
step = 3
sentences = []
next_chars = []
for i in range(0, len(text) - maxlen, step):
    sentences.append(text[i : i + maxlen])
    next_chars.append(text[i + maxlen])
print("Number of sequences:", len(sentences))

x = np.zeros((len(sentences), maxlen, len(chars)), dtype=np.bool)
y = np.zeros((len(sentences), len(chars)), dtype=np.bool)
for i, sentence in enumerate(sentences):
    for t, char in enumerate(sentence):
        x[i, t, char_indices[char]] = 1
    y[i, char_indices[next_chars[i]]] = 1


"""
## Build the model: a single LSTM layer
"""

model = keras.Sequential(
    [
        keras.Input(shape=(maxlen, len(chars))),
        layers.LSTM(128),
        layers.Dense(len(chars), activation="softmax"),
    ]
)
optimizer = keras.optimizers.RMSprop(learning_rate=0.01)
model.compile(loss="categorical_crossentropy", optimizer=optimizer)

"""
## Prepare the text sampling function
"""


def sample(preds, temperature=1.0):
    # helper function to sample an index from a probability array
    preds = np.asarray(preds).astype("float64")
    preds = np.log(preds) / temperature
    exp_preds = np.exp(preds)
    preds = exp_preds / np.sum(exp_preds)
    probas = np.random.multinomial(1, preds, 1)
    return np.argmax(probas)


"""
## Train the model
"""

epochs = 40
batch_size = 128

for epoch in range(epochs):
    model.fit(x, y, batch_size=batch_size, epochs=1)
    print()
    print("Generating text after epoch: %d" % epoch)

    start_index = random.randint(0, len(text) - maxlen - 1)
    for diversity in [0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2]:
        print("...Diversity:", diversity)

        generated = ""
        sentence = text[start_index : start_index + maxlen]
        print('...Generating with seed: "' + sentence + '"')

        for i in range(400):
            x_pred = np.zeros((1, maxlen, len(chars)))
            for t, char in enumerate(sentence):
                x_pred[0, t, char_indices[char]] = 1.0
            preds = model.predict(x_pred, verbose=0)[0]
            next_index = sample(preds, diversity)
            next_char = indices_char[next_index]
            sentence = sentence[1:] + next_char
            generated += next_char

        print("...Generated: ", generated)
        print()

Title: Character-level text generation with LSTM Author: [fchollet](https://twitter.com/fchollet) Date created: 2015/06/15 Last modified: 2020/04/30 Description: Generate text from Nietzsche's writings with a character-level LSTM. ## Introduction  This example demonstrates how to use a LSTM model to generate text character-by-character.  At least 20 epochs are required before the generated text starts sounding locally coherent.  It is recommended to run this script on GPU, as recurrent networks are quite computationally intensive.  If you try this script on new data, make sure your corpus has at least ~100k characters. ~1M is better. ## Setup ## Prepare the data # We remove newlines chars for nicer display # cut the text in semi-redundant sequences of maxlen characters ## Build the model: a single LSTM layer ## Prepare the text sampling function # helper function to sample an index from a probability array ## Train the model