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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic%20mean | In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean ( ), arithmetic average, or just the mean or average (when the context is clear) is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the count of numbers in the collection. The collection is often a set of results from an experiment, an observational study, or a survey. T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms%20%28journal%29 | Algorithms is a monthly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal of mathematics, covering design, analysis, and experiments on algorithms. The journal is published by MDPI and was established in 2008. The founding editor-in-chief was Kazuo Iwama (Kyoto University). From May 2014 to September 2019, the editor-in-chi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm | In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use conditionals to di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagales | Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) is an order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. The order takes its name from the type family Asparagaceae and is placed in the monocots amongst the lilioid monocots. The order has only recently been re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiales | The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation and in particular, the Torriceliaceae may also be divided.
Under this definition, well-known members include carrots, celery, parsle... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor%20neuron%20diseases | Motor neuron diseases or motor neurone diseases (MNDs) are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells which control voluntary muscles of the body. They include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive bulbar palsy (PBP), pseudobulbar palsy, progressive muscular ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic | Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid. It has various allotropes, but only the grey form, which has a metallic appearance, is important to industr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable%20land | Arable land (from the , "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. Alternatively, for the purposes of agricultural statistics, the term often has a more precise definition:
A more concise definition appearing in the Eurostat glossary similarly refers to actual rather than pot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon | An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences), is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit informa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscess | An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body. Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling. The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed. The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling. Carbuncles and boils are types of abscess that often inv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms%20for%20calculating%20variance | Algorithms for calculating variance play a major role in computational statistics. A key difficulty in the design of good algorithms for this problem is that formulas for the variance may involve sums of squares, which can lead to numerical instability as well as to arithmetic overflow when dealing with large values.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude%20modulation | Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the wave is varied in proportion to that of the message signal, such as an audio signal. This technique contrasts ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20theory | Acoustic theory is a scientific field that relates to the description of sound waves. It derives from fluid dynamics. See acoustics for the engineering approach.
For sound waves of any magnitude of a disturbance in velocity, pressure, and density we have
In the case that the fluctuations in velocity, density, and p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine | In chemistry, amines (, ) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and aryla... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute%20zero | Absolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale; a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as zero kelvin. The fundamental particles of nature have minimum vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced par... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic%20process | In thermodynamics, an adiabatic process (Greek: adiábatos, "impassable") is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work. As a key c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL | ALGOL (; short for "Algorithmic Language") is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in 1958. ALGOL heavily influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in textbooks and academic sources fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%20complexity | In algorithmic information theory (a subfield of computer science and mathematics), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is the length of a shortest computer program (in a predetermined programming language) that produces the object as output. It is a measure of the computational resources n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP | ATP may refer to:
Science, technology and biology
Adenosine triphosphate, an organic chemical used for driving biological processes
ATPase, any enzyme that makes use of adenosine triphosphate
Advanced Technology Program, US government program
Anti-tachycardia pacing, process similar to a pacemaker
Alberta Taciuk proc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzyme | An abzyme (from antibody and enzyme), also called catmab (from catalytic monoclonal antibody), and most often called catalytic antibody or sometimes catab, is a monoclonal antibody with catalytic activity. Abzymes are usually raised in lab animals immunized against synthetic haptens, but some natural abzymes can be fou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarose%20gel%20electrophoresis | Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method of gel electrophoresis used in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and clinical chemistry to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA or proteins in a matrix of agarose, one of the two main components of agar. The proteins may be separated by charge and/or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele | An allele is a variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a long DNA molecule, as described in leading textbooks on genetics and evolution. The word is a short form of "allelomorph".
"The chromosomal or genomic location of a gene or any other genetic element is called a locus (plural: loci) and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosome | An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. The members of an autosome pair in a diploid cell have the same morphology, unlike those in allosomal (sex chromosome) pairs, which may have different structures. The DNA in autosomes is collectively known as atDNA or auDNA.
For example, humans have a diploid... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption | Absorption may refer to:
Chemistry and biology
Absorption (biology), digestion
Absorption (small intestine)
Absorption (chemistry), diffusion of particles of gas or liquid into liquid or solid materials
Absorption (skin), a route by which substances enter the body through the skin
Absorption (pharmacology), absorption... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Tridgell | Andrew "Tridge" Tridgell (born 28 February 1967) is an Australian computer programmer. He is the author of and a contributor to the Samba file server, and co-inventor of the rsync algorithm.
He has analysed complex proprietary protocols and algorithms, to allow compatible free and open source software implementation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | In computer science, the analysis of algorithms is the process of finding the computational complexity of algorithms—the amount of time, storage, or other resources needed to execute them. Usually, this involves determining a function that relates the size of an algorithm's input to the number of steps it takes (its ti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody | An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen. Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., commonly abbreviated as AMD, is an American multinational semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California, that develops computer processors and related technologies for business and consumer markets.
The company was founded in 1969 by Jerry Sanders and a group of other technology ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio | Audio most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted in signal form. It may also refer to:
Sound
Audio signal, an electrical representation of sound
Audio frequency, a frequency in the audio spectrum
Digital audio, representation of sound in a form processed and/or stored by computers or digital electronics
Audio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis | Apoptosis (from ) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylyl%20cyclase | Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming). It catalyzes the following reaction:
ATP = 3′,5′-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
It has key regulatory roles in essentially... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20theorem%20proving | Automated theorem proving (also known as ATP or automated deduction) is a subfield of automated reasoning and mathematical logic dealing with proving mathematical theorems by computer programs. Automated reasoning over mathematical proof was a major impetus for the development of computer science.
Logical foundations... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ames%20test | The Ames test is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can cause mutations in the DNA of the test organism. More formally, it is a biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. A positive test indicates that the chemical is mutagenic and therefore may a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE%20inhibitor | Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. This class of medicine works by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxyg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical%20Therapeutic%20Chemical%20Classification%20System | The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Its purpose is an aid to monitor drug use and for research to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamics | Aerodynamics ( aero (air) + (dynamics)) is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dynamics and its subfield of gas dynamics, and is an important domain of study in aeronautics. The term aerodynamics is oft... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiderivative | In calculus, an antiderivative, inverse derivative, primitive function, primitive integral or indefinite integral of a function is a differentiable function whose derivative is equal to the original function . This can be stated symbolically as . The process of solving for antiderivatives is called antidifferentiatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous%20solid | In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal. The terms "glass" and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic%20orientation | A person's romantic orientation, also called affectional orientation, is the classification of the sex or gender with which a person experiences romantic attraction towards or is likely to have a romantic relationship with. The term is used alongside the term "sexual orientation", as well as being used alternatively to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction | Abstraction is a conceptual process wherein general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal (real or concrete) signifiers, first principles, or other methods.
"An abstraction" is the outcome of this process—a concept that acts as a common noun for all subordinate ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analcime | Analcime (; ) or analcite is a white, gray, or colorless tectosilicate mineral. Analcime consists of hydrated sodium aluminium silicate in cubic crystalline form. Its chemical formula is NaAlSi2O6·H2O. Minor amounts of potassium and calcium substitute for sodium. A silver-bearing synthetic variety also exists (Ag-analc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20helix | An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).
The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiology | Axiology (from Greek , axia: "value, worth"; and , -logia: "study of") is the philosophical study of value. It includes questions about the nature and classification of values and about what kinds of things have value. It is intimately connected with various other philosophical fields that crucially depend on the noti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agar | Agar ( or ), or agar-agar, is a jelly-like substance consisting of polysaccharides obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae, primarily from "ogonori" (Gracilaria) and "tengusa" (Gelidiaceae). As found in nature, agar is a mixture of two components, the linear polysaccharide agarose and a heterogeneous... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron%20nitride | Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN. It exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice. The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain | The brain (or encephalon) is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is the largest cluster of neurons in the body and is typically located in the head, usually near organs for special senses such as vision, hearing and olfaction. It is the mos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass%20%28sound%29 | Bass ( ) (also called bottom end) describes tones of low (also called "deep") frequency, pitch and range from 16 to 250 Hz (C0 to middle C4) and bass instruments that produce tones in the low-pitched range C2-C4. They belong to different families of instruments and can cover a wide range of musical roles. Since produci... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron | Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous form it is a brown powder. As the lightest element of the boron group it has three valence electrons for forming covalent bonds, resulting in many compounds such as bori... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball%20statistics | Baseball statistics play an important role in evaluating the progress of a player or team.
Since the flow of a baseball game has natural breaks to it, and normally players act individually rather than performing in clusters, the sport lends itself to easy record-keeping and statistics. Statistics have been recorded si... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20career%20total%20bases%20leaders | In baseball statistics, total bases (TB) is the number of bases a player has gained with hits. It is a weighted sum for which the weight value is 1 for a single, 2 for a double, 3 for a triple and 4 for a home run. Only bases attained from hits count toward this total. Reaching base by other means (such as a base on ba... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit%20%28baseball%29 | In baseball statistics, a hit (denoted by H), also called a base hit, is credited to a batter when the batter safely reaches or passes first base after hitting the ball into fair territory with neither the benefit of an error nor a fielder's choice.
Scoring a hit
To achieve a hit, the batter must reach first base befo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-base%20percentage | In baseball statistics, on-base percentage (OBP) measures how frequently a batter reaches base. An official Major League Baseball (MLB) statistic since 1984, it is sometimes referred to as on-base average (OBA), as it is rarely presented as a true percentage.
Generally defined as "how frequently a batter reaches base ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo | The banjo is a stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity to form a resonator. The membrane is typically circular, in modern forms usually made of plastic, originally of animal skin. Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by African Americans and had African antecedents. In the 19th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the binomial distribution with parameters n and p is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of n independent experiments, each asking a yes–no question, and each with its own Boolean-valued outcome: success (with probability p) or failure (wi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostatistics | Biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments, the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results.
History
Biostatistics and genet... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowfish%20%28disambiguation%29 | Blowfish are species of fish in the family Tetraodontidae.
Blowfish may also refer to:
Porcupinefish, belonging to the family Diodontidae
Blowfish (cipher), an encryption algorithm
Blowfish (company), an American erotic goods supplier
The Blowfish, a satirical newspaper at Brandeis University
Lexington County Bl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%20space | In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (pronounced ) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood | Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood in the circulatory system is also known as peripheral blood, and the blood cells it carr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCPL | BCPL ("Basic Combined Programming Language") is a procedural, imperative, and structured programming language. Originally intended for writing compilers for other languages, BCPL is no longer in common use. However, its influence is still felt because a stripped down and syntactically changed version of BCPL, called B... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsuk%E2%80%93Ulam%20theorem | In mathematics, the Borsuk–Ulam theorem states that every continuous function from an n-sphere into Euclidean n-space maps some pair of antipodal points to the same point. Here, two points on a sphere are called antipodal if they are in exactly opposite directions from the sphere's center.
Formally: if is continuous ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BQP | In computational complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with an error probability of at most 1/3 for all instances. It is the quantum analogue to the complexity class BPP.
A decision problem is a member of BQP... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brouwer%20fixed-point%20theorem | Brouwer's fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in topology, named after L. E. J. (Bertus) Brouwer. It states that for any continuous function mapping a nonempty compact convex set to itself, there is a point such that . The simplest forms of Brouwer's theorem are for continuous functions from a closed interv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann%20distribution | In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain state as a function of that state's energy and the temperature of the system. The distribution is express... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20%28biology%29 | The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites. The term comes from the Latin word meaning 'small room'.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20search%20algorithm | In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array. If they are not equal, the half in which the targ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20pair | A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Crick" (... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear%20map | In mathematics, a bilinear map is a function combining elements of two vector spaces to yield an element of a third vector space, and is linear in each of its arguments. Matrix multiplication is an example.
Definition
Vector spaces
Let and be three vector spaces over the same base field . A bilinear map is a funct... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas).
This motion pattern typically consists of random fluctuations in a particle's position inside a fluid sub-domain, followed by a relocation to another sub-domain. Each relocation is followed by more fluctuations within the new ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra%E2%80%93ket%20notation | Bra–ket notation, also called Dirac notation, is a notation for linear algebra and linear operators on complex vector spaces together with their dual space both in the finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional case. It is specifically designed to ease the types of calculations that frequently come up in quantum mecha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind%20Willie%20McTell | Blind Willie McTell (born William Samuel McTier; May 5, 1898 – August 19, 1959) was a Piedmont blues and ragtime singer and guitarist. He played with a fluid, syncopated fingerstyle guitar technique, common among many exponents of Piedmont blues. Unlike his contemporaries, he came to use twelve-string guitars exclusive... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20cipher | In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactamase | Beta-lactamases (β-lactamases) are enzymes () produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase. Beta-lactamase provides antibiotic resi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broch | In archaeology, a broch is an Iron Age drystone hollow-walled structure found in Scotland. Brochs belong to the classification "complex Atlantic roundhouse" devised by Scottish archaeologists in the 1980s.
Brochs are roundhouse buildings found throughout Atlantic Scotland. The word broch is derived from the Lowland ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Crystal | William Edward Crystal (born March 14, 1948) is an American actor, comedian, and filmmaker. Crystal is known as a standup comedian, and for his film and stage roles. Crystal has received numerous accolades, including six Primetime Emmy Awards and a Tony Award as well as nominations for three Grammy Awards and three Gol... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20coefficient | In mathematics, the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem. Commonly, a binomial coefficient is indexed by a pair of integers and is written It is the coefficient of the term in the polynomial expansion of the binomial power ; this coefficient can be comput... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20theorem | In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial. According to the theorem, it is possible to expand the polynomial into a sum involving terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers with , and the coefficient of eac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessel%20function | Bessel functions, first defined by the mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and then generalized by Friedrich Bessel, are canonical solutions of Bessel's differential equation
for an arbitrary complex number , which represents the order of the Bessel function. Although and produce the same differential equation, it is co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20people | Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion. Not all people considered "black" have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification in the Western world, the term... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere | The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere"), also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on Earth. The biosphere (which is technically a spherical shell) is virtually a closed sy... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20membrane | A biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. Biological membranes, in the form of eukaryotic cell membra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitz%20BASIC | Blitz BASIC is the programming language dialect of the first Blitz compilers, devised by New Zealand-based developer Mark Sibly. Being derived from BASIC, Blitz syntax was designed to be easy to pick up for beginners first learning to program. The languages are game-programming oriented but are often found general purp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliss%20bibliographic%20classification | The Bliss bibliographic classification (BC) is a library classification system that was created by Henry E. Bliss (1870–1955) and published in four volumes between 1940 and 1953. Although originally devised in the United States, it was more commonly adopted by British libraries. A second edition of the system (BC2) has... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20probability | Bayesian probability ( or ) is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification of a personal belief.
The Bayesian interpretation of probability... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20sheet | The beta sheet, (β-sheet) (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. A β-strand is a stretch of polypeptide chain ty... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zout%27s%20identity | In mathematics, Bézout's identity (also called Bézout's lemma), named after Étienne Bézout who proved it for polynomials, is the following theorem:
Here the greatest common divisor of and is taken to be . The integers and are called Bézout coefficients for ; they are not unique. A pair of Bézout coefficients can b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasm | In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The main components of the cytoplasm are the cytosol (a gel-like substance), th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20Canada | Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure, Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing | Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and development of both hardware and software. Computing has scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological and social aspects. Major computing d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher | In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. An alternative, less common term is encipherment. To encipher or encode is to convert information into cipher or code. In common parlance, "cipher" is synonym... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional | Conditional (if then) may refer to:
Causal conditional, if X then Y, where X is a cause of Y
Conditional probability, the probability of an event A given that another event B has occurred
Conditional proof, in logic: a proof that asserts a conditional, and proves that the antecedent leads to the consequent
Strict cond... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20programming | Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages. Programmers typically use high-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20science | Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software). Though more often considered an academi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20in%20Chad | Telecommunications in Chad include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
Radio and television
Radio stations:
state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete | Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most widely used building material. Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condom | A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are both male and female condoms.
The male condom is rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by forming a physical barrier which blocks semen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladistics | Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies) that are not present in more distant groups and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20relations%20of%20Cuba | Cuba's foreign policy has been fluid throughout history depending on world events and other variables, including relations with the United States. Without massive Soviet subsidies and its primary trading partner, Cuba became increasingly isolated in the late 1980s and early 1990s after the fall of the USSR and the end ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracking | Cracking may refer to:
Cracking, the formation of a fracture or partial fracture in a solid material studied as fracture mechanics
Performing a sternotomy
Fluid catalytic cracking, a catalytic process widely used in oil refineries for cracking large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules
Cracking (chemistry)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler | In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language (the target language). The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-level programming language to a low-level programm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20size | In cryptography, key size or key length refers to the number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm (such as a cipher).
Key length defines the upper-bound on an algorithm's security (i.e. a logarithmic measure of the fastest known attack against an algorithm), because the security of all algorithms can be ... |
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