image stringlengths 22 83 | caption stringlengths 7 10.7k | umls_meta_info listlengths 1 121 |
|---|---|---|
67/94/PMC5835094/fimmu-09-00368-g001.jpg | Radiology and histology of Epstein–Barr virus positive (EBV+) smooth muscle tumors. (A) Abdominal magnetic resonance image (T1 fat-sat post contrast medium) shows solid liver tumors involving segments I and V–VIII (arrows). (B) Cranial magnetic resonance image (T2 sagittal) displays a tumor in the medulla oblongata (arrow). (C) Low-power (50×) examination of a colon biopsy shows a prominent nodular cellular proliferation in the mucosa and submucosa (D) High-power (400×) magnification displays fascicles of fusiform spindle cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated or ovoid nuclei without significant atypia or mitoses suggesting a mesenchymal neoplasia of smooth muscle origin (E). Immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin (200×) confirms the smooth muscle nature of the tumor (F). EBV association is demonstrated by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in the same lesion (200×). Inlet displays positive cells with EBER in darkly stained basophilic nuclei (arrows) and negative cells with faint eosinophilic nuclei (arrowheads). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0034599",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 9,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"radiology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019638",
"start_char": 14,
"end_char": 23,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"histology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014644",
"start_char": 27,
"end_char": 47,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"epstein",
"–",
"barr",
"virus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1446409",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 56,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206658",
"start_char": 67,
"end_char": 87,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"smooth",
"muscle",
"tumors"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001527",
"start_char": 135,
"end_char": 138,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0574418",
"start_char": 141,
"end_char": 144,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"sat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 145,
"end_char": 149,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 150,
"end_char": 165,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"contrast",
"medium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0280100",
"start_char": 174,
"end_char": 192,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"solid",
"liver",
"tumors"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227622",
"start_char": 203,
"end_char": 211,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"segments"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445599",
"start_char": 220,
"end_char": 226,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"–",
"viii"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 245,
"end_char": 277,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"cranial",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 305,
"end_char": 310,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0025148",
"start_char": 318,
"end_char": 335,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"medulla",
"obl",
"##ong",
"##ata"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032863",
"start_char": 359,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"power"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031809",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 384,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"examination"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0192867",
"start_char": 390,
"end_char": 402,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"colon",
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205297",
"start_char": 421,
"end_char": 428,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"nodular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026724",
"start_char": 459,
"end_char": 465,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"mucosa"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225344",
"start_char": 470,
"end_char": 479,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"submuc",
"##osa"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032863",
"start_char": 493,
"end_char": 498,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"power"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1185741",
"start_char": 531,
"end_char": 540,
"start_token": 111,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"fasci",
"##cles"
]
}
] |
3e/42/PMC8534015/cancers-13-05217-g003.jpg | A 22-year-old male diagnosed with systemic ALCL, ALK-negative variant. (a) F-18 FDG PET/CT maximal intensity projection (MIP) image, showing diffuse hypermetabolic adenopathy throughout the neck, chest, and abdomen (black arrows), diffuse osseous activity within lower extremities, consistent with marrow infiltration (white arrows). Additionally, note increased activity within the spleen, consistent with splenic infiltration (red arrows). (b) F-18 FDG PET/CT axial image in a different patient, shows hypermetabolic circumferential right pleural mass (red arrows) associated with right seventh rib-destructing mass (white arrow). (c) 18 FDG PET/CT axial image in a different patient, shows extensive hypermetabolic soft-tissue masses along left 12th rib with extension into the T12-L1 left neural foramen and epidural space, consistent with perineural spread. This again was biopsy-proven systemic ALCL, ALK-negative variant (white arrow). (d) Histologic section shows cohesive sheets of tumor cells with anaplastic features resembling nonhematopoietic metastatic tumors of the lymph node. Note the large hallmark cells showing eccentric kidney shaped nuclei. The tumor cells strongly express CD30 and ALK-1 expression. (Original magnification 400×, H&E stain). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0086582",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 22,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"male"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205373",
"start_char": 38,
"end_char": 46,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"systemic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1332080",
"start_char": 53,
"end_char": 56,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"alk"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205160",
"start_char": 59,
"end_char": 67,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205419",
"start_char": 68,
"end_char": 75,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"variant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3641247",
"start_char": 90,
"end_char": 97,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"fdg",
"pet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 100,
"end_char": 102,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2986779",
"start_char": 103,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"maximal",
"intensity",
"projection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027530",
"start_char": 204,
"end_char": 208,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"neck"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817096",
"start_char": 210,
"end_char": 215,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"chest"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0000726",
"start_char": 221,
"end_char": 228,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"abdomen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205219",
"start_char": 247,
"end_char": 254,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"diffuse"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 298,
"end_char": 313,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1316572",
"start_char": 366,
"end_char": 370,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"note"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026606",
"start_char": 381,
"end_char": 389,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"activity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037993",
"start_char": 401,
"end_char": 407,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"spleen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 409,
"end_char": 424,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332448",
"start_char": 425,
"end_char": 445,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"splenic",
"infiltration"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0330477",
"start_char": 448,
"end_char": 458,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"red",
"arrows"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3641247",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 482,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"fdg",
"pet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 485,
"end_char": 487,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 488,
"end_char": 493,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0342952",
"start_char": 530,
"end_char": 544,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 114,
"tokens": [
"hyperm",
"##eta",
"##bo",
"##lic"
]
}
] |
2c/f6/PMC7225598/gr2.jpg | MRI scan of the neck and nasopharynx and 18F-FDG PET/CT of the patient. Transaxial axial T2-weighted images (A) and coronal Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images (B) with fat suppression reveal multiple large cervical lymphadenopathies, and the lesions are hyperintense on T2WI with remarkable homogenous enhancement, the largest lesion is located in the left cervical V area (arrow), with no primary tumor detectable in the neck. Transaxial axial T2-weighted images with fat suppression (C) and Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images (D) show that the nasopharyngeal morphology is normal. DWI b600 (E) and the corresponding ADC map (F) show no abnormal signal. 18F-FDG PET/CT in axial views (G, H) show mild-to- high uptake of FDG in the left side of the neck, and this nodule was diagnosed as an inflammatory lesion, 18F-FDG PET/CT (I) shows negative detection for tumors in the rest of the body. ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; 18F-FDG, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 8,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"mri",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027530",
"start_char": 16,
"end_char": 20,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"neck"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027442",
"start_char": 25,
"end_char": 36,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"nas",
"##oph",
"##arynx"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302995",
"start_char": 41,
"end_char": 44,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"18f"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0046056",
"start_char": 47,
"end_char": 50,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"fdg"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031268",
"start_char": 51,
"end_char": 54,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"pet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 57,
"end_char": 59,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 87,
"end_char": 92,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 98,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"images"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 137,
"end_char": 145,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 146,
"end_char": 148,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 151,
"end_char": 166,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"images"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0728721",
"start_char": 178,
"end_char": 193,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"fat",
"suppression"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0497156",
"start_char": 216,
"end_char": 242,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"cervical",
"lymphaden",
"##opathies"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 252,
"end_char": 259,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"lesions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4698330",
"start_char": 301,
"end_char": 311,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"homogenous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 312,
"end_char": 323,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 337,
"end_char": 343,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830527",
"start_char": 416,
"end_char": 426,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"detectable"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027530",
"start_char": 434,
"end_char": 438,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"neck"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 451,
"end_char": 456,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 462,
"end_char": 470,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0728721",
"start_char": 483,
"end_char": 498,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"fat",
"suppression"
]
}
] |
15/16/PMC5223779/amjcaserep-18-7-g001.jpg | Brain MRI. (A) Sagittal section (T1-weighted image): heterogeneous pituitary metastasis (red arrow). (B) Axial section (FLAIR image): hyperintense pituitary lesion (red arrow). (C) Frontal section (T2-FSE image): hyperintense, cystic pituitary lesion infiltrating the optical chiasm (red arrow). (D) Histology: tumor epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm and a small, round nucleus, arranged in a compact-alveolar (nested) or acinar growth pattern separated by a delicate branching network of vascular tissue, consistent with a metastasis from a clear cell RCC (hematoxylin and eosin stain, original magnification ×20). (E) Hematoxylin and eosin stain, original magnification ×40. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C4028269",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 9,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"brain",
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 17,
"end_char": 33,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"section"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 41,
"end_char": 49,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 60,
"end_char": 73,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0491974",
"start_char": 97,
"end_char": 106,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"red",
"arrow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0491974",
"start_char": 180,
"end_char": 189,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"red",
"arrow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 217,
"end_char": 219,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0342420",
"start_char": 250,
"end_char": 273,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"cystic",
"pituitary",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029126",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 305,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"optical",
"chi",
"##asm"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0491974",
"start_char": 308,
"end_char": 317,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"red",
"arrow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019638",
"start_char": 327,
"end_char": 336,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"histology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014597",
"start_char": 339,
"end_char": 361,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"epithelial",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0010834",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 382,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"cytoplasm"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1546854",
"start_char": 411,
"end_char": 419,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"arranged"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1333134",
"start_char": 425,
"end_char": 432,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"compact"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1440080",
"start_char": 435,
"end_char": 443,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"alveolar"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1138393",
"start_char": 446,
"end_char": 452,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"nested"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1623229",
"start_char": 458,
"end_char": 479,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"acinar",
"growth",
"pattern"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205384",
"start_char": 504,
"end_char": 513,
"start_token": 107,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"branching"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0150775",
"start_char": 514,
"end_char": 521,
"start_token": 108,
"end_token": 109,
"tokens": [
"network"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027668",
"start_char": 525,
"end_char": 540,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 112,
"tokens": [
"vascular",
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 542,
"end_char": 557,
"start_token": 113,
"end_token": 115,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027627",
"start_char": 560,
"end_char": 570,
"start_token": 116,
"end_token": 117,
"tokens": [
"metastasis"
]
}
] |
46/0c/PMC10606495/diagnostics-13-03230-g003a.jpg | A woman with non-oral contraceptive user, presented to the outpatient clinic requesting a second opinion concerning a 240 mm sized uterine leiomyioma found by ultrasound at a different healthcare center. A computed tomography showed a uterine multinodular lesion with signs of degeneration. The patient received magnetic resonance imaging examination (Figure 3) and surgery with total myomectomy and specimen histopathological analyses (Figure 4). Herein, Figure 3 shows a subserosal-pedunculated leiomyoma with hyaline and cystic degeneration in a 29-year-old woman. (A) Axial and (B) coronal T2-weighted (T2) Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a normal-sized uterus with axial organ rotation by 180° in an anticlockwise direction. From the right cornual region of the uterus, there was a low signal intensity (T2) subserosal-pedunculated mass (FIGO 7). This well-circumscribed, giant abdominopelvic mass measured approximately 173 × 84 × 174 mm and presented signs of cystic degeneration on its most cranial portion by demonstrating an internal, round, well-defined area with homogeneous fluid-like high signal intensity (T2), best represented on (C) axial and (D) coronal T2 half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo MRI. It also demonstrated (E) low-signal intensity on non-contrast axial T1-weighted (T1) Dixon MRI, (F) without enhancement on arterial axial T1 Dixon MRI, further suggesting cystic degeneration (up to 80% of histological distribution of degeneration area) of this giant leiomyoma. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 2,
"end_char": 7,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513853",
"start_char": 13,
"end_char": 16,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"non"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0226896",
"start_char": 19,
"end_char": 23,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"oral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009871",
"start_char": 24,
"end_char": 42,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"contraceptive",
"user"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029921",
"start_char": 61,
"end_char": 71,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"outpatient"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0002424",
"start_char": 72,
"end_char": 78,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"clinic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0871010",
"start_char": 99,
"end_char": 106,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"opinion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 161,
"end_char": 171,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475309",
"start_char": 187,
"end_char": 204,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"healthcare",
"center"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 208,
"end_char": 227,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042149",
"start_char": 237,
"end_char": 244,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"uterine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205416",
"start_char": 245,
"end_char": 257,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"multin",
"##od",
"##ular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 258,
"end_char": 264,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0220912",
"start_char": 270,
"end_char": 278,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"signs",
"of"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0011164",
"start_char": 279,
"end_char": 291,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"degeneration"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 314,
"end_char": 352,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"examination"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038894",
"start_char": 370,
"end_char": 377,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"surgery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0195309",
"start_char": 389,
"end_char": 399,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"myo",
"##mec",
"##to",
"##my"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0370003",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 412,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"specimen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225334",
"start_char": 479,
"end_char": 489,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"subs",
"##ero",
"##sal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205320",
"start_char": 492,
"end_char": 504,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"ped",
"##unc",
"##ulated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023267",
"start_char": 505,
"end_char": 514,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"leiomy",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0020191",
"start_char": 520,
"end_char": 527,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"hyaline"
]
}
] |
4f/3e/PMC6813201/fonc-09-01109-g0001.jpg | (A–C) Coronal, midsagittal, and axial T1-weighted post-contrast MRI images of the patient's two parasagittal, enhancing, extradural lesions; both lesions are seen to invade the superior sagittal sinus, particularly the left parasagittal parietal lesion in (B) which also shows evidence of osseous extension. (D) Axial T2-FLAIR-weighted sequence showing extensive peri-lesional vasogenic edema of both the right and left parasagittal lesions, worse on the left. (E) Diffusion-weighted imaging demonstrating evidence of diffusion restriction within the larger, left parasagittal parietal lesion reflecting high cellular density in the tumor (later determined to be a WHO grade II atypical meningioma). (F) Gradient echo (GRE) sequence showing sparsely scattered areas of signal dropout indicative of calcifications, particularly in the right frontal lesion, but no evidence of hemosiderin deposits or other evidence of intratumoral hemorrhage in either lesion. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 10,
"end_char": 17,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 47,
"end_char": 55,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 56,
"end_char": 60,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 63,
"end_char": 71,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0522491",
"start_char": 106,
"end_char": 118,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"paras",
"##agi",
"##tt",
"##al"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830314",
"start_char": 120,
"end_char": 129,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"enhancing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 157,
"end_char": 164,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"lesions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517574",
"start_char": 177,
"end_char": 183,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"invade"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0447120",
"start_char": 197,
"end_char": 211,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"sinus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0442030",
"start_char": 248,
"end_char": 256,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"parietal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 257,
"end_char": 263,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3887511",
"start_char": 290,
"end_char": 298,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"evidence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 327,
"end_char": 332,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 333,
"end_char": 335,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0309093",
"start_char": 338,
"end_char": 343,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"flair"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0347985",
"start_char": 382,
"end_char": 386,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"peri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 389,
"end_char": 397,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"lesion",
"##al"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2825502",
"start_char": 398,
"end_char": 413,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"vaso",
"##genic",
"edema"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 454,
"end_char": 461,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"lesions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012222",
"start_char": 488,
"end_char": 497,
"start_token": 112,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"diffusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4744828",
"start_char": 500,
"end_char": 516,
"start_token": 114,
"end_token": 116,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"imaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3887511",
"start_char": 531,
"end_char": 539,
"start_token": 117,
"end_token": 118,
"tokens": [
"evidence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5667516",
"start_char": 543,
"end_char": 564,
"start_token": 119,
"end_token": 121,
"tokens": [
"diffusion",
"restriction"
]
}
] |
f8/79/PMC8244783/fmed-08-678456-g0001.jpg | Clinical, radiological, and histological features of mixed Erdheim Chester Disease (ECD)/Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD) histiocytosis. (A) Axial computed tomography (CT) of the patient demonstrating infiltration of peri-nephric fat defined as “hairy-kidney,” highly suggestive of ECD after 4 weeks of corticosteroids for ITP. (B) Tissue guided biopsy of perinephric lesions consistent with Rosai-Dorfman disease histology as shown by multinucleated histiocytes with large nuclei, abundant cytoplasm and lesions of emperipolesis (arrows). Haematoxylin and eosin staining (HES), original magnification ×400. Biopsy was performed 3 months after ITP diagnosis. (B′) Same samples showing perinephric lesions consistent with Rosai-Dorfman disease histology as shown by multinucleated histiocytes with large nuclei, abundant cytoplasm, and lesions of emperipolesis (arrows). Haematoxylin and eosin staining (HES), original magnification ×100. Biopsy was performed 3 months after ITP diagnosis. (C) Sample samples showing tissue infiltration with multinucleated histiocytes with CD163 expression on immunostaining (HES; immunohistochemistry, ×400) consistent with Rosai-Dorfman disease. (D) Same sample showing a strong expression of S100 protein (brown staining) by the multinucleated histiocytes (HES; immunochemistry, ×400) consistent with Rosai-Dorfman disease. (E) Same sample showing a strong expression of S100 protein (brown staining) by the multinucleated histiocytes (HES; immunochemistry, ×400) consistent with Rosai-Dorfman disease. (F) Sagittal 18FDG-PET CT-scan showing radiotracer uptake before (upper image) and after (lower image) rituximab infusions. An intense radiotracer uptake on “hairy-kidney” and a low tracer uptake on the testis was observed before treatment. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205210",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 8,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"clinical"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034599",
"start_char": 10,
"end_char": 22,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"radiological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205462",
"start_char": 28,
"end_char": 40,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"histological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0878675",
"start_char": 53,
"end_char": 82,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"mixed",
"erd",
"##heim",
"chest",
"##er",
"disease"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 144,
"end_char": 169,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"axial",
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332448",
"start_char": 206,
"end_char": 218,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"infiltration"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0347985",
"start_char": 222,
"end_char": 226,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"peri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227617",
"start_char": 229,
"end_char": 240,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"neph",
"##ric",
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221958",
"start_char": 254,
"end_char": 259,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"hair",
"##y"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022646",
"start_char": 262,
"end_char": 268,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"kidney"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001617",
"start_char": 314,
"end_char": 329,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"corticosteroids"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021540",
"start_char": 334,
"end_char": 337,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"itp"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040300",
"start_char": 345,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0456853",
"start_char": 352,
"end_char": 365,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"guided",
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 389,
"end_char": 404,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019638",
"start_char": 429,
"end_char": 438,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"histology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019612",
"start_char": 466,
"end_char": 477,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"histi",
"##ocytes"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007610",
"start_char": 489,
"end_char": 495,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"nuclei"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2346714",
"start_char": 497,
"end_char": 505,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"abundant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0010834",
"start_char": 506,
"end_char": 515,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"cytoplasm"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 520,
"end_char": 527,
"start_token": 107,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"lesions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1333379",
"start_char": 531,
"end_char": 544,
"start_token": 109,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"emp",
"##eri",
"##pole",
"##sis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018964",
"start_char": 557,
"end_char": 569,
"start_token": 117,
"end_token": 119,
"tokens": [
"haemat",
"##oxylin"
]
}
] |
5c/02/PMC5394153/234_2017_1798_Fig9_HTML.jpg | Mandibular metastasis from neuroblastoma (NB) in a 5-year-old girl with fatigue and localized right mandibular swelling. Treated for abdominal NB. a Axial CT scan (bone window) shows extensive osteolysis of the mandibular angle with ill-defined, destructive margins, overlying soft tissue mass, expanded cortex with Codman triangle typical of an aggressive bone lesion (arrows). Three-dimensional CT reconstruction (inset in a) illustrates the relationship between the tumor (green), inferior alveolar nerve canal (gray), and teeth (blue). b Axial T2 reveals polypoid lesion with intermediate signal (arrows) and major extraosseous involvement. Invasion of the masseter muscle. c Homogeneous non-specific enhancement on axial post-contrast fat-saturated T1. d Restricted diffusion with very low signal on the ADC map (asterisk) (ADC = 0.54 × 10−3 mm2/s). Imaging findings are characteristic of a highly malignant tumor and—in this clinical context—suggest metastasis from NB. Whole-body 123I–MIBG SPECT/CT (e) revealed further calvarial and skull base metastases. f High-power photomicrograph (original magnification, ×400; H-E stain) shows poorly differentiated neuroblasts surrounded by small amounts of neuropil (finely fibrillar and eosinophilic matrix corresponding to neuritic processes) and characteristic reactivity to NB84 on immunohistochemistry (inset in f) | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024687",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 10,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"mandibular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027627",
"start_char": 11,
"end_char": 21,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"metastasis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027819",
"start_char": 27,
"end_char": 40,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"neuroblastoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 64,
"end_char": 72,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"old",
"girl"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015672",
"start_char": 78,
"end_char": 85,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"fatigue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392752",
"start_char": 90,
"end_char": 99,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"localized"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1522326",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 134,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"treated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0000726",
"start_char": 139,
"end_char": 148,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"abdominal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0557702",
"start_char": 171,
"end_char": 182,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"bone",
"window"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4721411",
"start_char": 201,
"end_char": 211,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"oste",
"##olysis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4243096",
"start_char": 219,
"end_char": 235,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"mandibular",
"angle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231218",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 244,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"ill"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 299,
"end_char": 303,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001614",
"start_char": 314,
"end_char": 320,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"cortex"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205119",
"start_char": 333,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"triangle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001807",
"start_char": 356,
"end_char": 371,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"aggressive",
"bone"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0450363",
"start_char": 399,
"end_char": 410,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"dimensional"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0020912",
"start_char": 411,
"end_char": 428,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"ct",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439849",
"start_char": 460,
"end_char": 472,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"relationship"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 485,
"end_char": 490,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332583",
"start_char": 493,
"end_char": 498,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"green"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0222756",
"start_char": 502,
"end_char": 531,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"inferior",
"alveolar",
"nerve",
"canal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0556636",
"start_char": 534,
"end_char": 538,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"gray"
]
}
] |
b0/cc/PMC5752512/oncotarget-08-109175-g001.jpg | Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor in the frontal lobe involving the lateral ventricle and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor in the spinal cord (A) CT reveals a hypodense lesion (arrowhead) in the right frontal lobe involving the lateral ventricle, and focal calcification is visible. (B and C) MRI shows a cystic-sold lesion (arrowheads) with hypointensity on axial T1WI (B) and hyperintensity on axial T2WI (C). (D–F) The axial (D), sagittal (E), and coronal (F) contrast T1WI show heterogeneously remarkable enhancement in the solid portion of the tumor. (G and H) The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map (G) and DWI (H) show facilitated diffusion. (I and J) MRS demonstrates an elevated choline value, reduced NAA value, and absence of lactate or lipid peaks. (K–M) MRI of another patient reveals an intramedullary mass (arrows) in the spinal cord, with hypointensity on sagittal T1WI (K), hyperintensity on sagittal (L) and axial (N) T2WI, and heterogeneous enhancement on sagittal contrasted T1WI (M). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0035863",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 7,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"rose",
"##tt",
"##e"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205431",
"start_char": 10,
"end_char": 17,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"forming"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0474844",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 36,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"gli",
"##one",
"##uronal",
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016733",
"start_char": 44,
"end_char": 56,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"frontal",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0152279",
"start_char": 71,
"end_char": 88,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"ventricle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0035863",
"start_char": 93,
"end_char": 100,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"rose",
"##tt",
"##e"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205431",
"start_char": 103,
"end_char": 110,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"forming"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0474844",
"start_char": 111,
"end_char": 129,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"gli",
"##one",
"##uronal",
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037925",
"start_char": 137,
"end_char": 148,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"spinal",
"cord"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228193",
"start_char": 206,
"end_char": 224,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"right",
"frontal",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0152279",
"start_char": 239,
"end_char": 256,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"ventricle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1265880",
"start_char": 262,
"end_char": 281,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"focal",
"calcification"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205379",
"start_char": 285,
"end_char": 292,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"visible"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 306,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205207",
"start_char": 318,
"end_char": 324,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"cystic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 332,
"end_char": 338,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5667487",
"start_char": 359,
"end_char": 372,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"hypo",
"##int",
"##ensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 376,
"end_char": 381,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5667489",
"start_char": 397,
"end_char": 411,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"hyperint",
"##ensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 415,
"end_char": 420,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 447,
"end_char": 452,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 460,
"end_char": 468,
"start_token": 108,
"end_token": 109,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 480,
"end_char": 487,
"start_token": 114,
"end_token": 115,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
}
] |
61/68/PMC7406702/12974_2020_1896_Fig5_HTML.jpg | Strokes and concurrent subacute inflammatory necrotizing response. An 84-year-old SARS-CoV-2-positive female presented solely with rapidly progressive encephalopathy and neurological decline associated with mild left sided hemiparesis and left sided-visuospatial neglect. There were no concurrent respiratory or any other systemic symptoms. Serological findings were remarkable for CRP of 5.89 mg/dl, ferritin of 383 ng/dl, and D-Dimer of 852 ng/dl, and positive anticardiolipin IgM antibodies of 32.CSF analysis revealed elevated protein (153 mg/dl), normal glucose, and a cell count of three nucleated cells. Computed tomography (CT) scan (1, 2) shows prominent vasogenic edema nearly involving the entire right temporal lobe (green arrow), watershed subacute-chronic ischemic infarction of the right anterior frontal (red arrow), and old cystic encephalomalacia of the left parietal (blue arrow). 3D CT angiogram (3) shows normal flow through the right middle cerebral artery without evidence of large vessel occlusion or high grade stenosis. Axial T1-(4) and T1-weighted post-gadolinium [axial (5) and sagittal (6)] MR images show diffuse gyral cortical enhancement with subcortical areas of necrosis involving right temporal lobe (green arrow). Axial FLAIR (7) and axial T2W (8) MR images reveal signal hyperintensities with gyral swelling nearly involving the entire right temporal lobe and insula (green arrow) associated with petechial hemorrhage, best seen on the gradient echo image (9). In addition, there are subacute-chronic infarct of the right anterior lateral frontal lobe (red arrow) and a wedge-shaped old cystic encephalomalacia of the left parietal lobe (blue arrow). Following treatment with tocilizumab 560 mg (4 mg/kg), the patient exhibited significant improvement of the mental status and left hemiparesis and was subsequently discharged home. Hypercoagulopathy is the likely etiology of the right frontal and left parietal strokes. The appearance of the concurrent right temporal lobe and insula abnormalities is highly suggestive of an independent subacute inflammatory-necrotizing, rather than ischemic, process. This is supported by the findings of completely patent right middle cerebral artery, diffuse gyral swelling and enhancement with concurrent prominent subcortical vasogenic edema and necrosis, and significantly elevated CSF protein. Although the precise mechanisms underlying vasogenic edema and necrosis remain unclear, we suggest that localized hyper-inflammation provoked by exuberant innate immune response (CNS cytokine response) might be pathogenetically relevant. Direct viral neuroinvasion and involvement of the neurovascular endothelial cells were subsequently excluded by the brain biopsy from the right temporal necrotizing lesion | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0038454",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 7,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"strokes"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205420",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 22,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"concurrent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205365",
"start_char": 23,
"end_char": 31,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"subacute"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0333348",
"start_char": 32,
"end_char": 44,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"inflammatory"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1175175",
"start_char": 86,
"end_char": 90,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"sars"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1446409",
"start_char": 103,
"end_char": 111,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 112,
"end_char": 118,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205329",
"start_char": 149,
"end_char": 160,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0085584",
"start_char": 161,
"end_char": 175,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"encephalopathy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332281",
"start_char": 201,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"associated",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018989",
"start_char": 233,
"end_char": 244,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"hemip",
"##ares",
"##is"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0521874",
"start_char": 275,
"end_char": 282,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"neglect"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231832",
"start_char": 309,
"end_char": 320,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"respiratory"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1457887",
"start_char": 334,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"systemic",
"symptoms"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439241",
"start_char": 412,
"end_char": 414,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"dl"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015879",
"start_char": 416,
"end_char": 424,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"ferritin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439241",
"start_char": 437,
"end_char": 439,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"dl"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0596448",
"start_char": 449,
"end_char": 454,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"dimer"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439241",
"start_char": 467,
"end_char": 469,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"dl"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1446409",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 483,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0002778",
"start_char": 526,
"end_char": 534,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"analysis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0748024",
"start_char": 544,
"end_char": 560,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"elevated",
"protein"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439241",
"start_char": 572,
"end_char": 574,
"start_token": 108,
"end_token": 109,
"tokens": [
"dl"
]
}
] |
8e/8f/PMC5686645/js-01-926-f1.jpg | (a) Axial CT scan demonstrating a lucent, well-circumscribed 1.7-cm lesion with homogenous matrix of the right mandible consistent with biopsy-proven ossifying fibroma. (b) Planar image from Tc-99m sestamibi scan demonstrates a focus of delayed radiotracer washout inferior to the left thyroid lobe, at the level of the thoracic inlet, consistent with parathyroid adenoma. (c) Coronal image from four-dimensional, contrast-enhanced CT scan confirming a 2.0-cm lesion in the left inferior position. (d) Immunohistochemistry for parafibromin (×20 magnification): Tumor (top) demonstrates an admixture of strong nuclear positivity and scattered negative cells, imparting a mosaic pattern of protein expression. Normal parathyroid (bottom) demonstrates strong, diffuse nuclear expression of parafibromin. Brain tissue negative control (right). Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed parathyroid gland tissue was used to prepare 4-μm sections. Dehydration of the sections and a 40-minute epitope retrieval process in Leica Bond ER 1 (catalog no. AR9961) were performed on an automated Leica Bond III stainer. Sections were incubated with the primary mouse monoclonal anti-parafibromin antibody (Research Resource Identification Initiative AB_628102, clone 2H1, SC-33638; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) at a dilution of 1:50 for 10 minutes on the automated stainer. This antibody is raised against a peptide corresponding to amino acids 87 to 100 of mouse parafibromin. Antibody detection was achieved using the Leica Bond Polymer Refine DAB Detection Kit (catalog no. DS9800, Leica Biosystems Newcastle, Ltd, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom) with diaminobenzidine as the chromogen, and sections were counterstained in hematoxylin. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 6,
"end_char": 11,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1282914",
"start_char": 51,
"end_char": 64,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"circums",
"##cribed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 75,
"end_char": 81,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1718564",
"start_char": 112,
"end_char": 126,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"right",
"mandible"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 142,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005558",
"start_char": 143,
"end_char": 149,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0456369",
"start_char": 152,
"end_char": 158,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"proven"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016045",
"start_char": 169,
"end_char": 176,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"fibrom",
"##a"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3640796",
"start_char": 184,
"end_char": 196,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"planar",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1519274",
"start_char": 211,
"end_char": 225,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"ses",
"##ta",
"##mi",
"##bi",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0229582",
"start_char": 294,
"end_char": 311,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"left",
"thyroid",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441889",
"start_char": 320,
"end_char": 325,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"level"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0729233",
"start_char": 333,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"thoracic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1508324",
"start_char": 342,
"end_char": 347,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"inlet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 349,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0262587",
"start_char": 365,
"end_char": 384,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"parathyroid",
"adenoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205450",
"start_char": 411,
"end_char": 415,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"four"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0450363",
"start_char": 418,
"end_char": 429,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"dimensional"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 431,
"end_char": 439,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 442,
"end_char": 450,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034606",
"start_char": 454,
"end_char": 458,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 482,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021044",
"start_char": 526,
"end_char": 546,
"start_token": 112,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"immunohistochemistry"
]
}
] |
2f/30/PMC11327644/ijvr-25-74-g001.jpg | Radiographic, ultrasonographic, surgical and pathological aspects of the penile HSA. (A) Lateral radiograph of the inguinal region revealed a soft tissue swelling and diffused lysis of the two-third caudal part of the os penis with an irregular and discontinuous periosteal reaction (arrow), (B) Penile ultrasound revealed a 22 × 13 mm heterogeneous and ill-defined penile mass, (C) CT scan, sagittal section through the penile bone (arrowheads), (D) Penile amputation appeared friable and hemorrhagic, (E) Scrotal urethrostomy 15 days after surgery, (F) Histology revealed a neoplasm composed of polygonal to spindle cells arranged in loose interlacing streams and bundles, and multiple blood-filled vascular channels (H&E, ×400), (G) Photomicrographs of the mass of the os penis (×200 magnification); neoplastic cells labelled with CD31 monoclonal antibody showing positive cytoplasmic granular labeling, and (H) Photomicrographs of the mass of the os penis (×200 magnification), neoplastic cells labelled with polyclonal Factor VIII antibody also showing positive cytoplasmic granular labelling on immunohistochemistry | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0444708",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 12,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"radiographic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 14,
"end_char": 30,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"ultrason",
"##ographic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0543467",
"start_char": 32,
"end_char": 40,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"surgical"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 45,
"end_char": 57,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"pathological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1306645",
"start_char": 91,
"end_char": 112,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"radiograph",
"of"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018246",
"start_char": 117,
"end_char": 132,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"inguinal",
"region"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037580",
"start_char": 144,
"end_char": 164,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"soft",
"tissue",
"swelling"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012222",
"start_char": 169,
"end_char": 183,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"diffuse",
"##d",
"lysis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205437",
"start_char": 197,
"end_char": 202,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"third"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205097",
"start_char": 203,
"end_char": 209,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"caudal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0223668",
"start_char": 222,
"end_char": 230,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"os",
"penis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205271",
"start_char": 239,
"end_char": 248,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"irregular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439599",
"start_char": 253,
"end_char": 266,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"discontinuous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 304,
"end_char": 321,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"penile",
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 344,
"end_char": 357,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231218",
"start_char": 362,
"end_char": 365,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"ill"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1704788",
"start_char": 368,
"end_char": 375,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"defined"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0240691",
"start_char": 376,
"end_char": 387,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"penile",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 420,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"section"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030851",
"start_char": 433,
"end_char": 439,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"penile"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030851",
"start_char": 467,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"penile"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0002688",
"start_char": 474,
"end_char": 484,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"amputation"
]
}
] |
7d/10/PMC7809309/10.1177_0300060520961682-fig1.jpg | (a) Plain scan of pancreatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 fat-suppressed sequence: the pancreatic tail was significantly occupied. (b) Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showing abnormal high-intensity imaging of the liver II, IV segment junction. (c) Computed tomography (CT) enhanced arterial phase was similar to that of adjacent tissues and showed mild enhancement. (d) Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-CT: blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and time to peak in the posterior tubercle of the pancreas increased, with BF, FEP as the main factor, and BF increased and BV decreased in the anterior small nodule of the pancreas. MTT and FEP did not change significantly. (e) Positron-emission tomography (PET)-CT showed a hypermetabolic mass in the pancreatic body and tail in the normal position of the pancreas, with an increase in metabolism of the mass of the pancreatic body: maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax) = 6.4 (pancreatic body) and 3.4 (pancreatic tail), and the size was 4.9 × 4.1 ×3.1 cm (pancreatic body) and 1.5 × 1.3 × 1.2 cm (pancreatic tail). The mass density and metabolic distribution was even, which could be seen in a calcification point. The lesion boundary was clear, with some protrusion outside the normal pancreatic contour. The pancreatic duct was not dilated, and the peripancreatic fat gap was clear. Several round unmetabolized lymph nodes ranging in diameter from 1.3 to 2.1 cm can be seen in the anterior and posterior pancreas. The lymph node shape was regular, and the boundary was clear. (f) PET-CT showing liver morphology, with a normal location, smooth edge, and normal liver lobe ratio. A class of circular hypermetabolic and low density lesions were found in segment IV of the liver parenchyma; SUVmax = 6.9 (early stage), 5.1 (delayed), and the size of the liver tumor was 3.0 × 2.2 cm. The lesion boundary was clear and the distribution of internal density metabolism was even. In the left and right lobes of the liver, there was a saccular low-density shadow without metabolism. (g) Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained pathology image (200× magnification). Pathological results showed multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1), including the head, body, and tail of pancreas, with 6 mitoses per 10 high-power fields, infiltrating surrounding adipose tissue, no intravascular tumor thrombus, and nerve invasion. Immunohistochemical staining showed pan cytokeratin (CKpan) (+), Syncytia (Syn) (+), chromogranin A (CgA) (+), CD56 (part+), protein 53 (P53) (−), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) (part+), somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) (part+), CD10 (−), vimentin (part+), Ki-67 (∼8% positive), gastrin (−), and insulin (partial cell+). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 20,
"end_char": 57,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"pancreatic",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 60,
"end_char": 63,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001527",
"start_char": 69,
"end_char": 72,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1260953",
"start_char": 75,
"end_char": 85,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"suppressed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004793",
"start_char": 86,
"end_char": 94,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"sequence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227590",
"start_char": 101,
"end_char": 116,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"pancreatic",
"tail"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1548223",
"start_char": 135,
"end_char": 143,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"occupied"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012222",
"start_char": 151,
"end_char": 160,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"diffusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4744828",
"start_char": 163,
"end_char": 179,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"imaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0598801",
"start_char": 182,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"dwi"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0522510",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 221,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023884",
"start_char": 237,
"end_char": 242,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"liver"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 274,
"end_char": 293,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205117",
"start_char": 348,
"end_char": 356,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"adjacent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040300",
"start_char": 357,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"tissues"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 376,
"end_char": 392,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"mild",
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 419,
"end_char": 427,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1512095",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 433,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"dce"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 438,
"end_char": 440,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005775",
"start_char": 443,
"end_char": 453,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"blood",
"flow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005850",
"start_char": 462,
"end_char": 474,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"blood",
"volume"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205095",
"start_char": 534,
"end_char": 543,
"start_token": 112,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"posterior"
]
}
] |
e1/af/PMC10758540/cureus-0015-00000049848-i01.jpg | Imaging and pathology of the bone lesion a. Pelvic plain CT: osteolytic changes of the trabecular bone and cortical thinning were observed in the right ilium (white arrow). b. Contrast-enhanced pelvic MRI (fat-suppressed T1-weighted image): the mass in the right ilium showed intense enhancement with the contrast agent (white arrow). c. Histological image of the ilium biopsy (hematoxylin and eosin stained, 400x magnification): The tumor cells with a round morphology exhibited a densely proliferating, poorly differentiated, and highly malignant phenotype. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 21,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"pathology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005931",
"start_char": 29,
"end_char": 33,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"bone"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030797",
"start_char": 44,
"end_char": 50,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"pelvic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0222660",
"start_char": 88,
"end_char": 103,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"trabecular",
"bone"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3278126",
"start_char": 108,
"end_char": 125,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"cortical",
"thinning"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0735430",
"start_char": 147,
"end_char": 158,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"right",
"ili",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 179,
"end_char": 187,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 190,
"end_char": 198,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0203201",
"start_char": 199,
"end_char": 209,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"pelvic",
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001527",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 215,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1260953",
"start_char": 218,
"end_char": 228,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"suppressed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 229,
"end_char": 231,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 234,
"end_char": 242,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 257,
"end_char": 261,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0735430",
"start_char": 269,
"end_char": 280,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"right",
"ili",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 288,
"end_char": 307,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"intense",
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 317,
"end_char": 331,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"contrast",
"agent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205462",
"start_char": 352,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"histological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018964",
"start_char": 393,
"end_char": 404,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"hematoxylin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0431085",
"start_char": 451,
"end_char": 462,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332490",
"start_char": 470,
"end_char": 475,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"round"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332437",
"start_char": 476,
"end_char": 486,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"morphology"
]
}
] |
26/d9/PMC10062477/fonc-13-976415-g001.jpg | Imaging and pathological findings. (A–C) Coronal T2-weighted MRI scans before treatment, after 2 courses, and after 5 courses; (D, E) Coronal high-resolution modified Dixon T1-weighted MRI scans of thyroid before and after 5 cycles; (F, G) Axial high-resolution modified Dixon T2-weighted MRI scans of thyroid before and after 5 cycles. The red arrows indicate the thyroid nodule. (H) Low magnification of PSCCT (H&E, ×40) showed scattered islands of squamous cells (black arrows) with few typical follicular structures. (I) High magnification of PSCCT (H&E, ×400) showed poorly differentiated tumor cells and typical nuclear heterogeneous cells (black arrows). (J) Low magnification of right lymph node metastasis (H&E, ×40) showed diffuse proliferation of tumor tissue (red arrow). (K) High magnification of right lymph node metastasis (H&E, ×400) showed epithelioid appearing neoplastic cells lacking differentiation, and abnormal mitotic figures (red arrow) could be seen. (L–S) Immunohistochemistry of the right lymph node metastasis (×40). P40 (L), P63 (M), CKH (N), and CK5/6 (O) were positive, indicating the source of squamous cells. CD56 (P) and CHGA (Q) are markers of neuroendocrine cells, while CK7 (R) is a marker of adenocarcinoma. Negative results suggested the low possibility of these two sources. (S) Ki67 index was over 95% suggesting vigorous proliferation excluding simple squamous metaplasia. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"pathological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2607943",
"start_char": 25,
"end_char": 33,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"findings"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 58,
"end_char": 66,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0917711",
"start_char": 67,
"end_char": 76,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"mri",
"scans"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0750729",
"start_char": 103,
"end_char": 110,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"courses"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0750729",
"start_char": 124,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"courses"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1514893",
"start_char": 158,
"end_char": 168,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"resolution"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392747",
"start_char": 169,
"end_char": 177,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"modified"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 189,
"end_char": 197,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040132",
"start_char": 211,
"end_char": 218,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"thyroid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1511572",
"start_char": 238,
"end_char": 244,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"cycles"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 256,
"end_char": 261,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1514893",
"start_char": 269,
"end_char": 279,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"resolution"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392747",
"start_char": 280,
"end_char": 288,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"modified"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 300,
"end_char": 308,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040132",
"start_char": 322,
"end_char": 329,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"thyroid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1511572",
"start_char": 349,
"end_char": 355,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"cycles"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0330477",
"start_char": 361,
"end_char": 371,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"red",
"arrows"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040137",
"start_char": 385,
"end_char": 399,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"thyroid",
"nodule"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439742",
"start_char": 456,
"end_char": 465,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"scattered"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022130",
"start_char": 466,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"islands"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221910",
"start_char": 477,
"end_char": 491,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"squamous",
"cells"
]
}
] |
25/b7/PMC5360652/WJG-23-2090-g001.jpg | A 43-year-old female with an inflammatory fibroid polyp with massive fibrosis. A: Endoscopy showed an approximately 4 cm mass-like lesion with mucosal edema and superficial ulcer on the gastric antrum; B: On endoscopic ultrasound examination, an approximately 4 cm heterogeneous hypoechoic submucosal mass-like lesion (arrows) was seen; C: The portal phase of axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed a hypoattenuated marked wall thickening of the submucosal layer at the gastric antrum (black arrow) with preserved mucosal enhancement (white arrow); D: The 3-min delayed phase of axial contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated delayed enhancement (about 115 HU) of the submucosal layer at the gastric antrum (arrow); E: The coronal image of contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed that the lesion did not extend to the liver and demonstrated no perigastric fat infiltration (arrows); F: The surgical specimen demonstrated a submucosal tumor (M) measuring 4.5 cm × 4.0 cm × 3.0 cm and the overlying mucosa was intact; G: Microscopic examination (hematoxylin and eosin stain, magnification × 12.5) demonstrated a submucosal mass-like lesion (M). The borders of the submucosal mass-like lesion were poorly demarcated and difficult to discern from the adjacent submucosal connective tissue. The overlaying mucosa was intact (arrow); H: On microscopic examination (hematoxylin and eosin stain, magnification × 100), there were fibroblastic cells with well vascularized fibrotic stroma; I: Microscopic examination (hematoxylin and eosin stain, magnification × 400) showed infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells with many eosinophils present. No mitotic activity was identified. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0334113",
"start_char": 33,
"end_char": 53,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"inflammatory",
"fibro",
"##id"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032584",
"start_char": 54,
"end_char": 59,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"polyp"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0334149",
"start_char": 65,
"end_char": 81,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"massive",
"fibrosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014245",
"start_char": 87,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"endoscopy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 126,
"end_char": 130,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 138,
"end_char": 144,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0521481",
"start_char": 150,
"end_char": 163,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"mucosal",
"edema"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0333307",
"start_char": 168,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"superficial",
"ulcer"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034193",
"start_char": 193,
"end_char": 207,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"gastric",
"ant",
"##rum"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0376443",
"start_char": 217,
"end_char": 250,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"endoscopic",
"ultrasound",
"examination"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 274,
"end_char": 287,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 310,
"end_char": 314,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 322,
"end_char": 328,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 375,
"end_char": 380,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 381,
"end_char": 389,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 392,
"end_char": 400,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 401,
"end_char": 420,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4086504",
"start_char": 442,
"end_char": 456,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"hypo",
"##att",
"##en",
"##uated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205400",
"start_char": 469,
"end_char": 479,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"thickening"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1515025",
"start_char": 487,
"end_char": 503,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"submucosal",
"layer"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034193",
"start_char": 511,
"end_char": 525,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"gastric",
"ant",
"##rum"
]
}
] |
23/4a/PMC9281131/40478_2022_1401_Fig1_HTML.jpg | MRI and histologic findings of case 1 with ATXN1::NUTM2A fusion. A MRI: T2WI—axial and coronal; T1WI axial, post gadolinium images showed a large mixed solid and cystic mass expanding the left cerebral hemisphere, rightward midline shift, and marked flattening and displacement of the brainstem and cerebellum [Blue arrows outline the tumor mass; white arrows indicate large blood vessels]. B The tumor demonstrates prominent myxoid stromal changes with reticular arrangement of cells. C, D The tumor showed interfaced nodules and diffuse sheets of undifferentiated round to ovoid cells. E The tumor cells showed a relatively uniform cytomorphology at a higher magnification. F, G The tumor cells are positive for ETV4 (F) and vimentin (G) by immunohistochemistry. (B, C, D and E: hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], 100x, 200 × and 400 × final magnification; F and G: ETV4 and vimentin, 200 × final magnification) | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 3,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1538298",
"start_char": 43,
"end_char": 48,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"atx",
"##n1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3541493",
"start_char": 53,
"end_char": 59,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"nut",
"##m2",
"##a"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332466",
"start_char": 60,
"end_char": 66,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"fusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 70,
"end_char": 73,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 83,
"end_char": 88,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 93,
"end_char": 100,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 108,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0746405",
"start_char": 169,
"end_char": 180,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"cystic",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228176",
"start_char": 195,
"end_char": 219,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"left",
"cerebral",
"hemisphere"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016203",
"start_char": 257,
"end_char": 267,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"flatten",
"##ing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012725",
"start_char": 272,
"end_char": 284,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"displacement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006121",
"start_char": 292,
"end_char": 301,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"brainstem"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007765",
"start_char": 306,
"end_char": 316,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"cerebellum"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1260957",
"start_char": 319,
"end_char": 323,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"blue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1300071",
"start_char": 343,
"end_char": 353,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005847",
"start_char": 384,
"end_char": 397,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"blood",
"vessels"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 407,
"end_char": 412,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205295",
"start_char": 436,
"end_char": 442,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"myx",
"##oid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439739",
"start_char": 464,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"reticular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0449830",
"start_char": 474,
"end_char": 485,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"arrangement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007634",
"start_char": 489,
"end_char": 494,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"cells"
]
}
] |
d9/77/PMC9776443/diagnostics-12-03057-g002.jpg | The patient has multiple purpuric telangiectases around the neck skin (A). Mast cells with basophilic cytoplasmic granules are increased in the upper dermis of the lesion (B, H&E stain, ×400). C-Kit immunohistochemical stain highlights the infiltrating mast cells (C, ×200). In the bone marrow, multifocal compact aggregates of masts cells with paratrabecular and interstitial distributions are seen (D, H&E stain ×35). The abnormal mast cells contain spindle-shaped nuclei and clear cytoplasm and are associated with thin sclerotic fibers (E, H&E stain, ×400). CD25, which is not expressed in normal mast cells, is positive in these abnormal mast cells (F, ×200). A 64-year-old female patient was referred to the internal medicine clinic with an incidentally found mild splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy in the abdominal cavity during a health examination. She complained of mild abdominal discomfort and had a history of tuberculosis and cholecystectomy. Laboratory testing revealed a white blood cell count of 5.05 × 109/L with 26.3% eosinophils. Segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes were 39.4% and 30.1%, respectively. Hemoglobin was 11.1 g/dL, platelet count was 186 × 1012/L, and LDH was 90 U/L. Abdominal CT demonstrated lymphadenopathy along the entire abdominal cavity, especially in the mesenteric and paraaortic areas. They measured less than 0.7 cm in short diameter. Mesenteric lymph node excision was performed for the diagnosis. The lymph node revealed aggregates and infiltration of pale-staining cells, largely replacing interfollicular and sinusoidal spaces. Nodular aggregates of these cells resembled granuloma. They were accompanied by delicate sclerosis and numerous eosinophils (Figure 1A–D). Tumor cells expressed C-kit and tryptase (Figure 1E), but were negative for CD1a, langerin, S100, CD21, CD3, CD20, CD34, CD30, and myeloperoxidase. Toluidine blue stain showed scanty basophilic cytoplasmic granules (Figure 1F), but the granules were not apparent in the Giemsa stain. Accordingly, the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis was favored. The subsequent physical examination discovered multiple purpuric telangiectases around the neck and chest skin (Figure 2A). The skin biopsy demonstrated mast cells with small basophilic granules infiltrating the upper dermis (Figure 2B). The bone marrow biopsy contained a nodular aggregate of atypical mast cells that were positive for CD25 and CD117, confirming the neoplastic nature of the mast cells (Figure 2D–F). Like the lymph node, abundant eosinophilic infiltration was prominent in the bone marrow. Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow revealed a normal female karyotype, and real-time PCR molecular studies showed a lack of BCR-ABL1 fusion, PDGFRa, and PDGFRb mutation. KIT gene harbored D816V mutation. Next-generation sequencing of the lymph node also demonstrated c.2447A>T p.(D816V) (VAF = 13.8%) mutation. The patient fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of systemic mastocytosis. It could be clinically subclassified as smoldering systemic mastocytosis because the patient had no C (‘cytoreduction-requiring’) findings and no evidence of an associated hematological neoplasm [1,2]. The patient is under watchful follow-up without active treatment and is stable one year after the diagnosis. Systemic mastocytosis is usually discovered initially in the bone marrow, and histology of the lymph node lesion is less familiar [3,4]. Lymphadenopathic mastocytosis with eosinophilia is a rare group of systemic mastocytosis that presents in ~10% of patients with systemic mastocytosis [5,6]. Clinical and morphologic features may be similar to myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with PDGFRA rearrangement, and differential diagnosis between the two diseases by molecular studies is essential [7]. In the earlier classification of mastocytosis, lymphadenopathic systemic mastocytosis with eosinophilia was regarded as a separate mastocytosis category and categorized under aggressive systemic mastocytosis [8]. However, this term is no longer an official diagnosis in the current classification system [1,2]. Blood eosinophilia was shown to have a clinical significance, i.e., correlation with lymphadenopathy, dysmyeolopoiesis, WHO classification, and poor overall survival [9,10]. The present case demonstrates the classic yet rare image of lymphadenopathic mastocytosis. Granuloma-pattern morphology and abundant eosinophils could lead to other diagnoses, such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. However, the correct diagnosis could be easily reached if clinicians and pathologists are aware of the diverse presentations of systemic mastocytosis. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0439064",
"start_char": 16,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"multiple"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0333289",
"start_char": 25,
"end_char": 33,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"purp",
"##uric"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205030",
"start_char": 60,
"end_char": 69,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"neck",
"skin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024880",
"start_char": 77,
"end_char": 87,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"mast",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0010837",
"start_char": 93,
"end_char": 124,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"basophil",
"##ic",
"cytoplasmic",
"granules"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 166,
"end_char": 172,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038128",
"start_char": 184,
"end_char": 189,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"stain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0812225",
"start_char": 203,
"end_char": 206,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"kit"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4317108",
"start_char": 207,
"end_char": 232,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"immunohistochemical",
"stain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332448",
"start_char": 248,
"end_char": 260,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"infiltrating"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024880",
"start_char": 261,
"end_char": 271,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"mast",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005953",
"start_char": 292,
"end_char": 303,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"bone",
"marrow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205292",
"start_char": 305,
"end_char": 315,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"multifocal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1333134",
"start_char": 316,
"end_char": 323,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"compact"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205418",
"start_char": 324,
"end_char": 334,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"aggregates"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024880",
"start_char": 338,
"end_char": 349,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"mast",
"##s",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038128",
"start_char": 421,
"end_char": 426,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"stain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024880",
"start_char": 447,
"end_char": 457,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"mast",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1166795",
"start_char": 466,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"spindle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332479",
"start_char": 476,
"end_char": 482,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"shaped"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007610",
"start_char": 483,
"end_char": 489,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"nuclei"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0010834",
"start_char": 500,
"end_char": 509,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"cytoplasm"
]
}
] |
30/70/PMC4490609/13018_2015_238_Fig1_HTML.jpg | One patient in group A. Anterior-only approach was performed in a 40-year-old female with C7-T1 lesion and partial T2 destruction. a, b X-ray demonstrated sagittal instability and kyphosis. A pre-operative sagittal CT (c) and MRI (d) showed significant C7-T1 and partial T2 vertebral bodies’ destruction with mild kyphosis associated with epidural and paravertebral abscess formation, and the cervical spinal cord was severely compressed. A postoperative X-ray (e, f) indicated that the kyphosis got obviously improved; sagittal and coronal CT scan (g, h) showed satisfied focal clearance and decompression without graft and instrumentation-related complications and relapse of Pott’s disease at 12 months of post-operation | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 24,
"end_char": 32,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0449445",
"start_char": 40,
"end_char": 48,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"approach"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 84,
"end_char": 90,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0446417",
"start_char": 96,
"end_char": 98,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"c7"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 104,
"end_char": 110,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1261381",
"start_char": 126,
"end_char": 137,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"destruction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0086894",
"start_char": 148,
"end_char": 151,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"ray"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022821",
"start_char": 190,
"end_char": 198,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"kyph",
"##osis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332152",
"start_char": 202,
"end_char": 205,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"pre"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1882154",
"start_char": 208,
"end_char": 217,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"operative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 240,
"end_char": 243,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0750502",
"start_char": 257,
"end_char": 268,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"significant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 274,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1261381",
"start_char": 311,
"end_char": 322,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"destruction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5563230",
"start_char": 328,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"mild",
"kyph",
"##osis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332281",
"start_char": 342,
"end_char": 357,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"associated",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0592511",
"start_char": 358,
"end_char": 366,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"epidural"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0457846",
"start_char": 412,
"end_char": 432,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"cervical",
"spinal",
"cord"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205082",
"start_char": 437,
"end_char": 445,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"severely"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032790",
"start_char": 460,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"postoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0086894",
"start_char": 478,
"end_char": 481,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"ray"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022821",
"start_char": 510,
"end_char": 518,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"kyph",
"##osis"
]
}
] |
42/64/PMC10951523/gr1.jpg | a Contrast-enhanced axial T1-weighted MRI showing heterogenous contrast-enhancing tumor abutting the right ventricular atrium and posterior horn (yellow arrow). b DWI-weighted imaging revealing infiltration of the tumor into the ventricular system. c Sagittal plane with FLAIR sequence showing edema (white arrow). d Coronal plan indicating mass effect with total occlusion of the right posterior horn of the ventricular system. e H&E-stained tumor biopsy demonstrating biphasic tumor. Above the biphasic border (blue arrow), key histopathological features of ependymoma WHO grade III can be detected, partly infiltrative high cellularity tumor (green arrow) and with perivascular pseudorosettes (black arrows). Beneath the border (blue arrow), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma-like features with spindle cells and lipid-laden xanthomatous astrocytes (magnification × 10). f-g Identification of a pathogenic germline variant, MEN1, NM_130799.2:c.847delC, p.(Leu283Trpfs*4) in the heterozygous state. The variant was present in most (77%) of the sequence reads from the tumor samples. Shallow whole-genome sequencing of the two tumor samples displaying multiple chromosomal aberrations including deletion (red bars) of chromosome 11 harboring MEN1. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 2,
"end_char": 10,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 13,
"end_char": 21,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 22,
"end_char": 27,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 33,
"end_char": 41,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 42,
"end_char": 45,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1512426",
"start_char": 54,
"end_char": 66,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"hetero",
"##gen",
"##ous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830314",
"start_char": 78,
"end_char": 87,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"enhancing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 88,
"end_char": 93,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0752062",
"start_char": 136,
"end_char": 150,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"posterior",
"horn"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0598801",
"start_char": 171,
"end_char": 174,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"dwi"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 177,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332448",
"start_char": 204,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"infiltration"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 224,
"end_char": 229,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007799",
"start_char": 239,
"end_char": 257,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"ventricular",
"system"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 261,
"end_char": 275,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"plane"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0013604",
"start_char": 304,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"edema"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4551585",
"start_char": 329,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"coronal",
"plan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4086564",
"start_char": 353,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"mass",
"effect"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001168",
"start_char": 376,
"end_char": 385,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"occlusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007799",
"start_char": 421,
"end_char": 439,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"ventricular",
"system"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2986582",
"start_char": 451,
"end_char": 458,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"stained"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205184",
"start_char": 512,
"end_char": 527,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"biphasic",
"border"
]
}
] |
46/3d/PMC5952491/AJA-20-313-g002.jpg | A 43-year-old man with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. (a) A large well-defined and heterogeneous mass invaded the entire prostate with compression of the urinary bladder and rectum on sagittal T2WI. (b) The tumor revealed heterogeneous signal intensity with internal cystic degeneration, bleeding, and large necrotic areas on axial T2WI. (c) The tumor revealed isointense signals, containing areas of high signal compatible with hemorrhage on T1WI. (d) DWI with a b value (diffusion-sensitized gradient) of 1000 s mm−2, (e) the solid part of the tumors demonstrated restricted diffusion and a low apparent diffusion coefficient value. (f) Light microscopic examination for biopsy (HE staining magnification, 200×). Immunohistochemical studies showed that the neoplastic cells were positive for (g) Myogenin, (h) MyoD1 and (i) Ki-67 LI 60%. Scale bars = 100 μm. T2WI: T2-weighted imaging; T1WI: T1-weighted imaging; DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; HE: hematoxylin-eosin. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0025266",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 21,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"man"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206656",
"start_char": 27,
"end_char": 53,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"embryo",
"##nal",
"rhabdomy",
"##osarcoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1704788",
"start_char": 76,
"end_char": 83,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"defined"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 88,
"end_char": 106,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0033572",
"start_char": 126,
"end_char": 134,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"prostate"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332459",
"start_char": 140,
"end_char": 151,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"compression"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005682",
"start_char": 159,
"end_char": 174,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"urinary",
"bladder"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034896",
"start_char": 179,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"rectum"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 189,
"end_char": 197,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 214,
"end_char": 219,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 229,
"end_char": 242,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0871362",
"start_char": 243,
"end_char": 259,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"signal",
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1839362",
"start_char": 265,
"end_char": 293,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"internal",
"cystic",
"degeneration"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019080",
"start_char": 295,
"end_char": 303,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"bleeding"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027540",
"start_char": 315,
"end_char": 329,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"necrotic",
"areas"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 333,
"end_char": 338,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 355,
"end_char": 360,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1710082",
"start_char": 415,
"end_char": 421,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"signal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019080",
"start_char": 438,
"end_char": 448,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"hemorrhage"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1522609",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 482,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"b",
"value"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012222",
"start_char": 485,
"end_char": 494,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"diffusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0812409",
"start_char": 508,
"end_char": 516,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"gradient"
]
}
] |
6d/b6/PMC9174498/kjr-23-688-g001.jpg | Pulmonary heterotopic ossification in a 53-year-old male. A. Chest radiograph shows a 34-mm-sized mass (arrow) in the left parahilar area. B. Mediastinal window image of 1.0 mm thin-section CT obtained at the level of the distal left main bronchus demonstrates a mass of 46 mm in anterior-posterior diameter in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe. Stippled calcifications (arrows) are observed within the tumor. C. Lung window images of consecutive thin-section CT scans depicts peritumoral air collection (arrows), leading bronchus sign (B), and intratumoral air attenuation (arrowhead). D. Coronal (left) and sagittal (right) reformation images reveal peritumoral gas collection (arrows) and leading bronchus sign (B) on the sagittal reformation image. E. Gross pathological specimen shows a well-defined, firm, yellowish mass. Histological specimens were obtained from the rectangular area covering one half of the gross specimen. The box in the gross specimen indicates the area where histological specimens (F) were obtained. F. Histological examination (hematoxylin-eosin staining; scan view, × 4) reveals focal mature bone formation containing bone marrow proper that appears normal. The remaining tumor (T) consists of pinkish osteoid-like materials mixed with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, osteoblast-like mononuclear cells, and abundant fibroblastic stroma. Airway structures lined by respiratory epithelium-like cells (arrowheads) are observed in the periphery of the tumor. G. Medium power (hematoxylin-eosin staining; scan view, × 50) magnification view shows mature bony trabeculae (arrows) containing marrow proper (M). In addition, osteoid-like pinkish materials (open arrows) and osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells are observed in the abundant fibroblastic stroma (S). Inset: osteoid-like materials (open arrows) rimmed by mononuclear osteoblastlike cells and multinucleated osteoblast-like giant cells (arrowheads) (× 200). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024109",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 9,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"pulmonary"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029396",
"start_char": 10,
"end_char": 34,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"hetero",
"##top",
"##ic",
"ossification"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0086582",
"start_char": 56,
"end_char": 60,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"male"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3842377",
"start_char": 65,
"end_char": 81,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"chest",
"radiograph"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 106,
"end_char": 110,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205168",
"start_char": 188,
"end_char": 192,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"thin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0700320",
"start_char": 195,
"end_char": 202,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"section"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441889",
"start_char": 222,
"end_char": 227,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"level"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205108",
"start_char": 235,
"end_char": 241,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"distal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006255",
"start_char": 252,
"end_char": 260,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"bronch",
"##us"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 276,
"end_char": 280,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 293,
"end_char": 301,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205095",
"start_char": 304,
"end_char": 313,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"posterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1301886",
"start_char": 314,
"end_char": 322,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"diameter"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 330,
"end_char": 338,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441635",
"start_char": 339,
"end_char": 346,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"segment"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1261076",
"start_char": 354,
"end_char": 369,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"left",
"upper",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006660",
"start_char": 380,
"end_char": 394,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"calcifications"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 435,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1707491",
"start_char": 462,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"consecutive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205168",
"start_char": 474,
"end_char": 478,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"thin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0700320",
"start_char": 481,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"section"
]
}
] |
67/70/PMC8578857/fonc-11-758036-g002.jpg | A 58-year-old female patient with an ovarian granulosa cell tumor. (A) Axial T2WI revealed a well-defined cystic solid mass in the left adnexal region, with fluid–fluid levels (hemorrhagic content, white arrow). (B) Sagittal T2WI showed no thickening of the endometrium. (C) Axial T1WI revealed a cystic solid mass with a hypo–isointense signal. (D) On contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1WI, the solid components (red arrow) of the lesion showed mild enhancement. (E) On DWI-MRI (b = 1,000 s/mm2), the solid part of the lesion (yellow arrow) appeared hyperintense. (F) The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map showed that the average ADC value of the diffuse high-signal area was approximately 1.1 × 10-3 mm2/s. (G) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (×100) showed that the tumor cells were solid tubular structures, and the tubules were composed of uniform cells containing Call–Exner bodies. (H) The texture analysis target area was delineated throughout the whole tumor layer by layer. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018207",
"start_char": 41,
"end_char": 58,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"ovarian",
"granulosa"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 77,
"end_char": 82,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0443289",
"start_char": 88,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"revealed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302908",
"start_char": 165,
"end_char": 170,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"fluid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302908",
"start_char": 173,
"end_char": 178,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"fluid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441889",
"start_char": 179,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"levels"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0333275",
"start_char": 188,
"end_char": 207,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"hemorrhagic",
"content"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 230,
"end_char": 238,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205400",
"start_char": 254,
"end_char": 264,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"thickening"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014180",
"start_char": 272,
"end_char": 283,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"endometrium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 296,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517605",
"start_char": 345,
"end_char": 355,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"iso",
"##int",
"##ense"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1710082",
"start_char": 356,
"end_char": 362,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"signal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 381,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 384,
"end_char": 392,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001527",
"start_char": 393,
"end_char": 396,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1260953",
"start_char": 399,
"end_char": 409,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"suppressed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 458,
"end_char": 464,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 472,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 107,
"end_token": 109,
"tokens": [
"mild",
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0598801",
"start_char": 499,
"end_char": 502,
"start_token": 114,
"end_token": 115,
"tokens": [
"dwi"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 505,
"end_char": 508,
"start_token": 116,
"end_token": 117,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
}
] |
15/07/PMC10485625/gr2.jpg | Ultrasonography (A) and computed tomography (CT) (B-D) imaging revealed a tumor in the patient’s right kidney. Fine-needle biopsies were obtained from both tumor and nontumor tissues (E-F). (A) Abdominal ultrasonography at the time of admission showed a tumor (red circle) with peripheral vascularization. No signs of hydronephrosis were observed. Both kidneys were hyperechogenic, swollen, and ∼13 cm long. (B) Axial CT slice (day 2) revealing a tumor in the right kidney (orange arrow) and a simple, hyperdense cyst in the lower pole of the left kidney (red arrow). Moreover, the CT imaging revealed ascites in the pelvis and edema in the subcutaneous adipose tissue near the kidneys and the tumor. There were no signs of hydronephrosis, and pelvic or abdominal CT revealed no lymphadenopathy. (C) Coronal CT imaging (day 2) revealing a mediolateral diameter of 53.2 mm. (D) Sagittal CT imaging (day 2) showing a craniocaudal diameter of 63.4 mm and an anteroposterior diameter of 65.2 mm. (E-F) Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nontumor tissue (E: original magnification, ×10, F: original magnification, ×20) revealed crescentic lesions in all 10 glomeruli. Significant reactive changes were observed in the tubulointerstitium. Evaluation of possible interstitial fibrosis is challenging because of edema and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. Moderate wall thickness and hyaline staining were observed in the small arteries. The arterioles showed signs of myocyte vacuolization and endothelial damage. Immunohistochemical staining was negative, except for C5b-9 staining along the capillary walls. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 15,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"ultrasonography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 26,
"end_char": 45,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 82,
"end_char": 87,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227613",
"start_char": 107,
"end_char": 119,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"right",
"kidney"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205232",
"start_char": 121,
"end_char": 125,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"fine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027551",
"start_char": 128,
"end_char": 134,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"needle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005558",
"start_char": 135,
"end_char": 143,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"biopsies"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 168,
"end_char": 173,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475358",
"start_char": 178,
"end_char": 194,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"nont",
"##umor",
"tissues"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 237,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"abdominal",
"ultrasonography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0184666",
"start_char": 253,
"end_char": 262,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"admission"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 272,
"end_char": 277,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1282913",
"start_char": 280,
"end_char": 290,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"red",
"circle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027686",
"start_char": 298,
"end_char": 324,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"peripheral",
"vascularization"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0020295",
"start_char": 338,
"end_char": 352,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"hydro",
"##ne",
"##ph",
"##rosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022646",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 380,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"kidneys"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4477000",
"start_char": 386,
"end_char": 400,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"hypere",
"##cho",
"##genic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038999",
"start_char": 402,
"end_char": 409,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"swollen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 434,
"end_char": 439,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 471,
"end_char": 476,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227613",
"start_char": 484,
"end_char": 496,
"start_token": 107,
"end_token": 109,
"tokens": [
"right",
"kidney"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0440277",
"start_char": 499,
"end_char": 505,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 111,
"tokens": [
"orange"
]
}
] |
da/dd/PMC4296267/kjr-16-175-g001.jpg | Solitary osseous rectal carcinoma metastasis in 26-year-old woman. A. Plain radiograph of left femur (anteroposterior and lateral views) shows ill-defined lytic area in proximal meta-diaphyseal region of left femur with spiculated periosteal reaction (white arrow). B. Post-contrast axial computed tomography (CT) scan shows ill-defined lytic lesion with circumferential spiculated sunburst type of periosteal reaction and ill-defined soft tissue component in proximal third of diaphysis of left femur. Lesion shows intense neovasculartiy on reformatted volume-rendered coronal images. C. Magnetic resonance image of left thigh. Hypointensity is seen in radial distribution of proximal aspect of femur on axial gradient echo sequences. Peripheral enhancement was noted in soft tissue component of femoral lesion on post-contrast gadolinium T1-weighted images. D. Histopathological examination shows malignant tumor composed of dispersed population of large polygonal cells with moderate amount of vacuolated cytoplasm (H&E; × 100 [upper right image], × 200 [upper left image]). Tumor cells were immunopositive cytokeratin 20 (lower right image) and Cdx2 (lower left image) confirming metastatic adenocarcinoma of colonic origin. E. Positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan was taken for staging prior to chemotherapy. Axial CT images confirm ill-defined lytic lesion seen in proximal left femur on plain radiograph, which is 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-avid, as seen on fused axial PET-CT images. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0027627",
"start_char": 34,
"end_char": 44,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"metastasis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 64,
"end_char": 69,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1306645",
"start_char": 74,
"end_char": 90,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"plain",
"radiograph"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817320",
"start_char": 94,
"end_char": 104,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"left",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1508423",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 140,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"views"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231218",
"start_char": 149,
"end_char": 152,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"ill"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205107",
"start_char": 177,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"proximal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1042496",
"start_char": 186,
"end_char": 190,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"meta"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817320",
"start_char": 214,
"end_char": 224,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"left",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2674853",
"start_char": 230,
"end_char": 260,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"spi",
"##cu",
"##lated",
"perioste",
"##al",
"reaction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 281,
"end_char": 285,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 288,
"end_char": 296,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231218",
"start_char": 341,
"end_char": 344,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"ill"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221204",
"start_char": 355,
"end_char": 367,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"lytic",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2674853",
"start_char": 417,
"end_char": 436,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"perioste",
"##al",
"reaction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231218",
"start_char": 441,
"end_char": 444,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"ill"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1704788",
"start_char": 447,
"end_char": 454,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"defined"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225317",
"start_char": 455,
"end_char": 466,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"soft",
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205107",
"start_char": 480,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"proximal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0242696",
"start_char": 498,
"end_char": 507,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"diaph",
"##ysis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817320",
"start_char": 511,
"end_char": 521,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"left",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 523,
"end_char": 529,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
}
] |
9e/f8/PMC8021124/jciinsight-6-144368-g295.jpg | Venous anomalies and malformations in HIF-2α gain-of-function syndrome mouse model. Representative images are shown. (A) Axial view 3D volumetric reconstruction of micro-CT of the polymer-casted mouse model (MUT) shows a prominent confluence of sinuses (arrow) compared with control (CTRL) and a vascular malformation arising from the junction of the superior sagittal sinus and rostral rhinal sinus (double-lined arrow). Prominent occipital emissary veins (arrowheads) are seen in the mutant. (B) Sagittal ex vivo T1-weighted MRI (top) shows an enlarged vein of Galen (arrowhead) arising from a large superior sagittal sinus (arrow) in the mutant; the coronal slice (middle) corresponds to the green line in the sagittal view and shows prominent vessels throughout the parenchyma. Midsagittal section of another mutant (bottom) shows a lesion in the olfactory bulb (arrow) arising from large anomalous veins (arrowhead). The normal caliber of the vein of Galen (arrow) is shown in the control. (C) Midsagittal 3D volumetric reconstruction of micro-CT (left) of the mutant from B (bottom) shows the lesion in the olfactory bulb (arrow) and the draining vessel (arrowhead). Coronal histologic section (right) of the same sample at original magnification ×10 stained with H&E shows a subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cavity (arrow) between the olfactory bulbs surrounding the anterior portion of the falx, which has large veins in it (arrowhead), most likely consistent with CSF-venous fistula, as supported by the retrograde perfusion of polymer into this space seen on micro-CT. (D) Gross photograph of a suspected cavernous malformation (arrow) arising from a branch of the inferior vena cava (arrowhead) in the mutant. The right auricle (not visualized) is ligated. H, heart; L, lung. H&E-stained histologic section of the specimen reveals blood-filled dilated vascular channels associated with organizing thrombotic material and reactive inflammation consistent with cavernous angioma. Scale bar: 60 μm. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0000768",
"start_char": 21,
"end_char": 34,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"malformations"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0301821",
"start_char": 38,
"end_char": 41,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"hif"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517378",
"start_char": 47,
"end_char": 51,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"gain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2986594",
"start_char": 77,
"end_char": 88,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"mouse",
"model"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 129,
"end_char": 134,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1442459",
"start_char": 140,
"end_char": 142,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"3d"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445383",
"start_char": 143,
"end_char": 153,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"volumetric"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0085672",
"start_char": 172,
"end_char": 177,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"micro"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 180,
"end_char": 182,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032521",
"start_char": 190,
"end_char": 197,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"polymer"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0226863",
"start_char": 245,
"end_char": 255,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"confluence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016169",
"start_char": 259,
"end_char": 266,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"sinuses"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009932",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 298,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"control"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009932",
"start_char": 301,
"end_char": 305,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"ctrl"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0158570",
"start_char": 314,
"end_char": 335,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"vascular",
"malformation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205144",
"start_char": 353,
"end_char": 361,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"junction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0447120",
"start_char": 378,
"end_char": 392,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"sinus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205173",
"start_char": 420,
"end_char": 426,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"double"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205132",
"start_char": 429,
"end_char": 434,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"lined"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0226854",
"start_char": 454,
"end_char": 478,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"occipital",
"em",
"##issa",
"##ry",
"veins"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0596988",
"start_char": 510,
"end_char": 516,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"mutant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2348480",
"start_char": 533,
"end_char": 540,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"ex",
"vivo"
]
}
] |
62/2c/PMC10149443/261_2023_3809_Fig3_HTML.jpg | 30-year-old pregnant patient, at 32 weeks of gestation, presenting with persistent headaches and nausea. a Axial non-contrast CT demonstrated a dense mass centered in the right cerebellum with surrounding edema (arrow). b Sagittal non-contrast CT demonstrated downward cerebellar tonsillar herniation (arrow) and acute obstructive hydrocephalous (arrowhead). Emergent treatment was initiated to reduce intracranial pressure. Once the patient was stable, a multidisciplinary team discussed next best steps in management. Despite theoretical fetal risks, the decision was made to pursue an MRI with contrast. c Coronal T2-weighted MRI images demonstrated a hyperintense mass (arrow) with a peripheral rim of hemosiderin and vascular flow voids. d T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI axial images demonstrated a well-circumscribed, enhancing mass, (arrow) most compatible with a hemangioblastoma. e Sagittal T2-weighted MRI images demonstrated continued marked mass effect with tonsillar herniation (arrow), upper cervical cord edema, and papilledema. The patient was scheduled for urgent surgery. However, the day before her surgery, she became preeclamptic and was delivered by emergency cesarean section at 33 weeks. After delivery, the patient underwent craniotomy for tumor resection with pathology confirming hemangioblastoma. After resection, the patient reported resolution of her presenting symptoms and is being followed with serial imaging | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0549206",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 32,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"old",
"pregnant",
"patient"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032961",
"start_char": 49,
"end_char": 58,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"gestation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205322",
"start_char": 76,
"end_char": 86,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"persistent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018681",
"start_char": 87,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"headaches"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027497",
"start_char": 101,
"end_char": 107,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"nausea"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 111,
"end_char": 116,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513853",
"start_char": 117,
"end_char": 120,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"non"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 123,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007765",
"start_char": 177,
"end_char": 193,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"right",
"cerebellum"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0013604",
"start_char": 211,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"edema"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 230,
"end_char": 238,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513853",
"start_char": 239,
"end_char": 242,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"non"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 245,
"end_char": 253,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205104",
"start_char": 270,
"end_char": 278,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"downward"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3278025",
"start_char": 279,
"end_char": 310,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"cerebellar",
"tons",
"##illar",
"herniation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0750573",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 381,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"emergent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021880",
"start_char": 416,
"end_char": 437,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"intracranial",
"pressure"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205360",
"start_char": 460,
"end_char": 466,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"stable"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030679",
"start_char": 470,
"end_char": 492,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"multidisciplinary",
"team"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001554",
"start_char": 522,
"end_char": 532,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"management"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0871935",
"start_char": 542,
"end_char": 559,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"theoretical",
"fetal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0035647",
"start_char": 560,
"end_char": 565,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"risks"
]
}
] |
7d/20/PMC4013534/1471-2407-14-262-1.jpg | Radiological and histological features of MBL. (A) Post-gadolinium axial MR images show pseudonodular area of contrast-enhancement consistent with cerebellar neoplastic residual (arrow). (B) Post-gadolinium sagittal MR images show abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement (arrows) along the ventral surface of the mid-brain, cerebellar fissures and cerebral sulci due to leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. (C) Cerebrospinal fluid cytology shows the presence of large sized neoplastic cells that appear either singly or in clusters with rosette formation. (D) Hematoxylin&eosin staining of the primary lesion showing the presence of neoplastic cells large in size with marked anaplasia and large nuclei with evident nucleoli. Cell wrapping and necrotic phenaomena are also present (arrows). (E) Beta-Catenin immunohistochemical evaluation showing membrane and cytoplasmic positivity for beta-catenin with a negative nuclear staining. (F) p53 protein is overexpressed by neoplastic cells. (G) c-myc oncogene amplification (red spots) detected in neoplastic nuclei (blue) and centromere 8 signals (green spots) using CEP8/BAC as FISH probes. The white box highlights a nucleus in detail where 10 red spots are coupled with two green spots. (H) Coronal reformatted CT scan shows two subcutaneous metastases (arrows) with intact underlying calvarial bone. (I) Coronal T2-weighted MR image shows voluminous extracranial metastases on the edge of the collection at the site of the former sub-occipital craniotomy, with fascial and muscular infiltration. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0034599",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 12,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"radiological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205462",
"start_char": 17,
"end_char": 29,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"histological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0526870",
"start_char": 42,
"end_char": 45,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"mbl"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 53,
"end_char": 57,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016911",
"start_char": 60,
"end_char": 70,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"gadolinium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 71,
"end_char": 76,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 114,
"end_char": 122,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 125,
"end_char": 136,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 137,
"end_char": 152,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 201,
"end_char": 205,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016911",
"start_char": 208,
"end_char": 218,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"gadolinium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 219,
"end_char": 227,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4329077",
"start_char": 300,
"end_char": 315,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"ventral",
"surface"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0444598",
"start_char": 323,
"end_char": 326,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"mid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006104",
"start_char": 329,
"end_char": 334,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"brain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228468",
"start_char": 336,
"end_char": 355,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"cerebellar",
"fis",
"##su",
"##res"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0220654",
"start_char": 382,
"end_char": 411,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"lept",
"##omen",
"##inge",
"##al",
"carcinoma",
"##to",
"##sis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007806",
"start_char": 419,
"end_char": 438,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392148",
"start_char": 458,
"end_char": 466,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"presence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0597032",
"start_char": 482,
"end_char": 498,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"neoplastic",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1179412",
"start_char": 531,
"end_char": 539,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"clusters"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0035863",
"start_char": 545,
"end_char": 562,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 109,
"tokens": [
"rose",
"##tt",
"##e",
"formation"
]
}
] |
b0/40/PMC5822857/BMRI2018-9825709.002.jpg | Twenty-nine-year-old man with thymoma. (a) Plain computed tomography revealed an irregular mass in the right anterior mediastinum. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed that the mass was compressing the superior vena cava and aorta. (b) B-mode ultrasound showed an inhomogeneous mass visible in the right anterior mediastinum. Color Doppler ultrasound showed dot-like flow signals in the center of mass. (c) US-CNB of the mass with prebiopsy conventional US evaluation. White triangles indicate the needle. (d) H&E staining (magnification 100x) of the core needle biopsy sample showed major necrosis and a small number of enlarged nuclear cells with a nest-like arrangement, suspected tumor, and an insufficiency for immunohistochemistry staining. (e) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound revealed intensive inhomogeneous enhancement of the left anterior part of the AMM (22 seconds after the injection of 2.4 ml SonoVue); the left posterior part of the AMM was not enhanced throughout. The white flower-shaped dot indicates the necrosis with great confidence. (f) US-CNB of the mass with prebiopsy contrast-enhanced ultrasound targeted the left anterior enhanced portion of the AMM, which was confirmed by CEUS. (g) H&E staining (magnification 100x) of the core needle biopsy sample revealed karyomegaly within lymphocytes and a diagnosis of thymoma B1 with immunohistochemical staining, which was confirmed by surgical pathology. The approach of all ultrasonography procedures involved a right parasternal scan of the 3rd intercostal space. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0724000",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 6,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"twenty"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205455",
"start_char": 9,
"end_char": 13,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"nine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0025266",
"start_char": 27,
"end_char": 30,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"man"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040100",
"start_char": 36,
"end_char": 43,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"thym",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 57,
"end_char": 76,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205271",
"start_char": 89,
"end_char": 103,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"irregular",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441997",
"start_char": 111,
"end_char": 125,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"right",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 139,
"end_char": 147,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 150,
"end_char": 158,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 159,
"end_char": 178,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 197,
"end_char": 201,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042459",
"start_char": 222,
"end_char": 240,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"superior",
"vena",
"cava"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0003483",
"start_char": 245,
"end_char": 250,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"aorta"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513371",
"start_char": 262,
"end_char": 266,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"mode"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 267,
"end_char": 277,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441997",
"start_char": 322,
"end_char": 336,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"right",
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0162481",
"start_char": 356,
"end_char": 374,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"doppler",
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1328868",
"start_char": 382,
"end_char": 385,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"dot"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1418848",
"start_char": 440,
"end_char": 443,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"cn",
"##b"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 451,
"end_char": 455,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0220825",
"start_char": 487,
"end_char": 497,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"evaluation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027551",
"start_char": 528,
"end_char": 534,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"needle"
]
}
] |
9d/7b/PMC7379587/BPA-29-325-g002.jpg | Neuroimaging findings (a–f): Images from one typical supratentorial RELA‐fused ependymoma. Axial T1‐weighted images before (a) and after (b) contrast material injection, axial diffusion weighted images (c), CT scan (d), sagittal T2 weighted images (e) and coronal FLAIR images (f). Cortical based, well‐demarcated solid and cystic lesion with a mural nodule and minimal peripheral edema. Contrast injection enhances the nodule and the periphery of the cystic portion. There is diffusion restriction on diffusion‐weighted imaging (c) and a hyper density on the CT scan corresponding to the hyper cellularity. (g): Axial T1 weighted images with contrast injection corresponding to a tumor with mixed ependymal/ subependymal histological features. The intraventricular mass is solid with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. (h): Axial T1‐weighted images with contrast injection from a YAP‐fused ependymoma showing a voluminous lesion with prominent solid component with heterogeneous and multinodular appearance. (i): Axial T1‐weighted images with contrast injection from a “HGNET, MN1” tumor, showing a large lesion with a prominent solid portion and necrotic areas. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0699952",
"start_char": 80,
"end_char": 85,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"fused"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 98,
"end_char": 103,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 109,
"end_char": 124,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"images"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 154,
"end_char": 171,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"contrast",
"material"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021485",
"start_char": 172,
"end_char": 181,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"injection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0598801",
"start_char": 183,
"end_char": 214,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"axial",
"diffusion",
"weighted",
"images"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 222,
"end_char": 229,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"ct",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 237,
"end_char": 248,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 249,
"end_char": 264,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"images"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001613",
"start_char": 303,
"end_char": 311,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"cortical"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205208",
"start_char": 337,
"end_char": 342,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"solid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1511606",
"start_char": 347,
"end_char": 360,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"cystic",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1881930",
"start_char": 368,
"end_char": 380,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"mur",
"##al",
"nodule"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0547040",
"start_char": 385,
"end_char": 392,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"minimal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0085649",
"start_char": 393,
"end_char": 409,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"peripheral",
"edema"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021485",
"start_char": 420,
"end_char": 429,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"injection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 438,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"enhances"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0028259",
"start_char": 443,
"end_char": 449,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"nodule"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1622967",
"start_char": 458,
"end_char": 467,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"periphery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5667516",
"start_char": 500,
"end_char": 521,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 107,
"tokens": [
"diffusion",
"restriction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012222",
"start_char": 525,
"end_char": 536,
"start_token": 108,
"end_token": 110,
"tokens": [
"diffusion",
"‐"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 537,
"end_char": 545,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 111,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
}
] |
6a/39/PMC9630064/381_2022_5720_Fig1_HTML.jpg | Initial imaging workup after presentation of the patient to the Emergency Department because of macrocephaly, lethargy, and vomiting. A Ultrasound scan in the coronal plane, demonstrating extensive bilateral hygroma and B the corresponding transcranial Doppler with a resistance index of 0.76. C Preoperative MRI with T2-weighted sequence in the axial plane, D T1-weighted sequence in the coronal plane, and E T2-weighted sagittal plane basically confirming the ultrasound findings | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0449450",
"start_char": 29,
"end_char": 41,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"presentation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0562508",
"start_char": 64,
"end_char": 84,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"emergency",
"department"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221355",
"start_char": 96,
"end_char": 108,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"macroc",
"##ep",
"##hal",
"##y"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023380",
"start_char": 110,
"end_char": 118,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"leth",
"##arg",
"##y"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042963",
"start_char": 124,
"end_char": 132,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"vomiting"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 136,
"end_char": 151,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4551585",
"start_char": 159,
"end_char": 172,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"coronal",
"plane"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0238767",
"start_char": 198,
"end_char": 207,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"bilateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206077",
"start_char": 240,
"end_char": 260,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"transcranial",
"doppler"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0807745",
"start_char": 268,
"end_char": 284,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"resistance",
"index"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 297,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 310,
"end_char": 313,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 319,
"end_char": 321,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 324,
"end_char": 332,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004793",
"start_char": 333,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"sequence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 349,
"end_char": 360,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"axial",
"plane"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4551585",
"start_char": 394,
"end_char": 407,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"coronal",
"plane"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 415,
"end_char": 417,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 420,
"end_char": 428,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 429,
"end_char": 443,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"plane"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 469,
"end_char": 479,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2607943",
"start_char": 480,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"findings"
]
}
] |
b7/52/PMC7028194/cm9-133-117-g001.jpg | Radiological and pathological features of the patient with interhemispheric cistern lipoma. MRI results revealed T1-hyperintense (A, B), T2-hyperintense (C) signals, while FLAIR (D) showed low intensity. A coronal-uncompressed lipid FLAIR-sequence (E) revealed a high-signal lesion around the corpus callosum and in the cerebral falx with the characteristics of a lipoma. MRI results also showed dysmorphia and hypogenesis of the corpus callosum. (F-K) Histopathological findings of the lipoma and underlying cortex. Mature adipose tissue was visible on the brain surface (F, hematoxylin and eosin staining, original magnification ×100). The normal structure of the cerebral cortex was destroyed with proliferation of fibers and blood vessels (G, hematoxylin and eosin staining, original magnification ×100). Proliferation of large numbers of thick-walled vessels within the brain tissue shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H, original magnification ×100) and Masson trichrome staining (I, original magnification ×100). Neuron-specific nuclear protein immunohistochemical staining showed a disorder of neuron arrangement (J, immunohistochemical staining, original magnification ×100). Mature adipose tissue enclosed in a capsule, consistent with a diagnosis of lipoma (K, hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×40). FLAIR: Fluid attenuated inversion recovery; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0034599",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 12,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"radiological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 17,
"end_char": 29,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"pathological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 92,
"end_char": 95,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037083",
"start_char": 165,
"end_char": 172,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"signals"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0309093",
"start_char": 180,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"flair"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0522510",
"start_char": 203,
"end_char": 212,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 216,
"end_char": 223,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004793",
"start_char": 253,
"end_char": 261,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"sequence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1710082",
"start_char": 286,
"end_char": 292,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"signal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 293,
"end_char": 299,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0010090",
"start_char": 311,
"end_char": 326,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"corpus",
"callosum"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228120",
"start_char": 338,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"cerebral",
"fal",
"##x"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1521970",
"start_char": 361,
"end_char": 376,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"characteristics"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023798",
"start_char": 382,
"end_char": 388,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"lip",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 390,
"end_char": 393,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1737329",
"start_char": 414,
"end_char": 424,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"dysm",
"##orph",
"##ia"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0010090",
"start_char": 448,
"end_char": 463,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"corpus",
"callosum"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0677043",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 492,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"histopathological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2607943",
"start_char": 493,
"end_char": 501,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"findings"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023798",
"start_char": 509,
"end_char": 515,
"start_token": 108,
"end_token": 110,
"tokens": [
"lip",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205286",
"start_char": 539,
"end_char": 545,
"start_token": 114,
"end_token": 115,
"tokens": [
"mature"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206131",
"start_char": 546,
"end_char": 553,
"start_token": 115,
"end_token": 116,
"tokens": [
"adipose"
]
}
] |
a4/ba/PMC7678149/12891_2020_3758_Fig2_HTML.jpg | Case 2. A 41-year-old woman with intramedullary osteosclerosis of the left femur. Preoperative radiography shows a massive sclerotic intramedullary lesion of the right femoral shaft and cortical bone thickening (white arrow). Left panel is the anteroposterior view. Right panel is the lateral view (a). Preoperative CT (sagittal) shows medullary cavity narrowing (white arrowhead) (b). Preoperative MRI of T1-weighted SE sequence (coronal) was hypointense, corresponding to the intramedullary sclerosis visualized on radiograph and CT (whiteline arrow) (c) and T2-weighted STIR sequence (coronal) showed high signal intensity in the medullary cavity and without soft tissue mass (whiteline arrowhead) (d). Whole-body 99mTc-MDP bone scan showed an abnormal tracer uptake in the left femur (black arrowhead) (e). Triphasic bone scan (f, g, h). The initial vascular phase (f) and blood pool images (g) at 2 min showed no evidence of increased vascularity or soft tissue tracer pooling. Delayed bone images (h) showed a fusiform-shaped intense area of the tracer uptake in the left femur diaphysis (black arrow). Postoperative radiography. Gray arrow indicates the biopsy hole (i). Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the specimen from an open biopsy showed the thickened trabecular bone and fibrous hyperplasia with little inflammatory cell infiltration. Scale bar indicates 100 μm (j). Radiography at 39 months postoperatively. The bone hole was completely repaired (gray arrowhead) (k) | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 26,
"end_char": 31,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1512957",
"start_char": 37,
"end_char": 51,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"intram",
"##ed",
"##ullary"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029464",
"start_char": 52,
"end_char": 66,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"oste",
"##osclerosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817320",
"start_char": 74,
"end_char": 84,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"left",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 86,
"end_char": 98,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034571",
"start_char": 99,
"end_char": 110,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"radiography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036429",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 136,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"scler",
"##otic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1512957",
"start_char": 137,
"end_char": 151,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"intram",
"##ed",
"##ullary"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 152,
"end_char": 158,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0588193",
"start_char": 166,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"right",
"femoral",
"shaft"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029454",
"start_char": 190,
"end_char": 214,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"cortical",
"bone",
"thickening"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1508423",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 303,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"view"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 311,
"end_char": 323,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 329,
"end_char": 337,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1851612",
"start_char": 346,
"end_char": 372,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"medullary",
"cavity",
"narrowing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1080898",
"start_char": 375,
"end_char": 390,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"white",
"arrowhead"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 400,
"end_char": 412,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 413,
"end_char": 416,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 420,
"end_char": 422,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 425,
"end_char": 433,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 448,
"end_char": 455,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1306645",
"start_char": 535,
"end_char": 545,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"radiograph"
]
}
] |
96/9d/PMC8183718/medi-100-e26110-g001.jpg | A 55-year-old woman with pathology confirmed primary hepatobiliary lymphoma. A–D, The initial abdominal images of the patient. A, Axial T2-weighted MRI showed intermediate homogeneous intensity mass surrounding the hilar bile duct (red arrow) with dilated intrahepatic ducts. B, Axial contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated thickening gallbladder wall with marked enhancement (yellow arrow). C, Coronal reconstruction contrast-enhanced CT showed blurred fat space around the portal vein and hepatic artery in hepatic hilum without lumen stenosis (red arrow). And the diffuse thickening wall of CBD was noted (blue arrow). D, Axial T2-weighted MRI showed lymphadenopathy (white arrows) around the celiac trunk and portal vein. Figures E and F were the following-up images 1 month later without any antitumor therapy. E, Axial T2-weighted MRI showed that the common hepatic duct diminished in stenosis than the initial image (blue arrow), but a new parenchyma lesion was observed (yellow arrow). F, Axial contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated a thinner gallbladder wall (yellow arrow) and enlarger cavity. G, HE staining showed medium-large lymphoid cell infiltration in the gallbladder wall. H, The tumor cell membranes were positive for CD20. CBD = common bile duct, CT = computed tomography, HE = hematoxylin-eosin, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 23,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 29,
"end_char": 38,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"pathology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1112746",
"start_char": 49,
"end_char": 79,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"primary",
"hepat",
"##obiliary",
"lymphoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 136,
"end_char": 141,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 147,
"end_char": 155,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 156,
"end_char": 159,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1881065",
"start_char": 180,
"end_char": 191,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"homogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0522510",
"start_char": 192,
"end_char": 201,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0491974",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 250,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"red",
"arrow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005401",
"start_char": 266,
"end_char": 284,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"intrahepatic",
"ducts"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 289,
"end_char": 294,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 295,
"end_char": 303,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 306,
"end_char": 314,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0744257",
"start_char": 331,
"end_char": 358,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"thickening",
"gallbladder",
"wall"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 371,
"end_char": 382,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0020912",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 426,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"coronal",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 427,
"end_char": 435,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 438,
"end_char": 446,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032718",
"start_char": 486,
"end_char": 497,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"portal",
"vein"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019145",
"start_char": 502,
"end_char": 516,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"hepatic",
"artery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0524461",
"start_char": 542,
"end_char": 547,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"lumen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0678234",
"start_char": 548,
"end_char": 556,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"stenosis"
]
}
] |
c8/ac/PMC10068640/701_2023_5532_Fig3_HTML.jpg | Outcome in patients depending on extent of resection. A Case example of a complete tumor resection: preoperative axial T1-weighted gadolinium enhanced and T2-weighted MRI showing an extensive contrast-enhancing (ce) lesion in the left inferior horn and atrium of the lateral ventricle consistent with an intraventricular meningioma (left). The patient underwent tumor resection via a parietal transcortical approach and complete resection was achieved (i.e., 100% of ce tumor volume, right). Histopathological examination confirmed meningioma and the patient was discharged without new focal neurologic deficits. B Case example of a stereotactic biopsy combined with internal shunt implantation: preoperative axial and sagittal MRI demonstrating a nodular lesion in the pineal region (arrows) with beginning obstructive hydrocephalus (left). Postoperative imaging demonstrating the internal shunt catheter (arrowhead) perforating the floor of the third ventricle and connecting the third ventricle with the basal cisterns (right). Histopathological findings demonstrated a papillary tumor of the pineal gland, and the patient was treated with radiotherapy. C Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival in patients receiving biopsy (n = 13, dark blue) versus patients receiving tumor resection (n = 46, light blue). Tick marks indicate censored patients. Abbreviations: ceT1 T1-weighted gadolinium enhanced sequences, T2 T2-weighted sequences | [
{
"umls_cui": "C1274040",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 7,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"outcome"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015252",
"start_char": 43,
"end_char": 52,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"resection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4761063",
"start_char": 83,
"end_char": 98,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"resection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 101,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 114,
"end_char": 119,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 125,
"end_char": 133,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 158,
"end_char": 160,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 163,
"end_char": 171,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 172,
"end_char": 175,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 197,
"end_char": 205,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830314",
"start_char": 208,
"end_char": 217,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"enhancing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 225,
"end_char": 231,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018792",
"start_char": 262,
"end_char": 268,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"atrium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0152279",
"start_char": 276,
"end_char": 293,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"ventricle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 294,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1334271",
"start_char": 313,
"end_char": 340,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"intraventricular",
"meningioma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4761063",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 388,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"resection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0442030",
"start_char": 395,
"end_char": 403,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"parietal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015252",
"start_char": 440,
"end_char": 449,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"resection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475276",
"start_char": 484,
"end_char": 496,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"volume"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0677043",
"start_char": 507,
"end_char": 524,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"histopathological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031809",
"start_char": 525,
"end_char": 536,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"examination"
]
}
] |
80/69/PMC11284371/gr1.jpg | Family F350. (a) The F350 pedigree shows a family with autosomal dominant atypical polycystic kidney disease and a slow decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Clinically affected individuals (black symbols) had bilateral kidney cysts, reduced GFR below 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or nonenlarged kidneys with nephronophthisis-like histology. Gray indicates young carriers of the variant with no established clinical diagnosis yet. White indicates clinically unaffected individuals. Out of the 28 individuals evaluated in this family, 18 were determined as genetically affected individuals with the heterozygous missense variant R79W-ALG5 (+/−), whereas 10 individuals were genetically unaffected (−/−). A (+) sign indicates the presence of the R79W-ALG5 variant, and a (−) sign indicates the presence of the wild-type WT-ALG5 in a genotyped individual. (Bottom - Left) Radiologic imaging of genetically affected members of F350 (b–j). Yellow arrows denote kidney cysts, whereas red arrows indicate cysts in the liver. (b and c) T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 65-year-old patient II.1 demonstrates bilateral multiple scattered kidney and liver cysts. (d) At age 64, II.3 underwent an MRI scan that revealed nonenlarged cystic kidney and high-burden hepatic simple cysts (>20 cysts, with the largest measuring 11.6 cm in the right lobe - red arrows;). He underwent liver cysts fenestration at 70 years of age as the result of ongoing pain. An MRI of the liver performed at the age of 71 years (e) confirms the presence of severe polycystic liver disease. (f and g) A CT scan of II. 4's kidneys and liver at age 59 showed multiple subcentimeter-sized kidney cysts and a solitary liver cyst in segment 2. Similar to II.3, a 72-year-old MRI scan of II.12 reveals scattered kidney cysts (1 cyst is displayed in h) and (i) numerous liver cysts, whereas (j) a CT scan of II.13 reveals only a few kidney cysts. (Bottom - Right) (k, o, and s) Kidney biopsy slides staining of 3 genetically affected individuals from F350. At 52, 51, and 54 years of age, subjects II.2, II.10, and II.11, respectively, underwent clinically indicated kidney biopsies; their corresponding estimated glomerular filtration rate at the time of the biopsies were 37, 32, and 54 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained section showing a central cystically dilated tubule in all patients marked with an asterisk (∗). (Images l, p, and t) Also, a variable degree of inflammatory infiltrate within the tubulointerstitial compartment has been identified–using H&E stain. (m, q, and u) Masson-Trichrome and (n, r, and v) Silver stained sections illustrating variable degrees of glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. All biopsies captured at 10× magnification with scale bars represent 100 μm. CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0015576",
"start_char": 45,
"end_char": 51,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"family"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0443147",
"start_char": 57,
"end_char": 75,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"autosomal",
"dominant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205182",
"start_char": 76,
"end_char": 84,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"atypical"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022680",
"start_char": 85,
"end_char": 110,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"polycystic",
"kidney",
"disease"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0017654",
"start_char": 133,
"end_char": 159,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"glomerular",
"filtration",
"rate"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0017654",
"start_char": 162,
"end_char": 165,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"gfr"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027361",
"start_char": 189,
"end_char": 200,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"individuals"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0238767",
"start_char": 223,
"end_char": 232,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"bilateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392756",
"start_char": 247,
"end_char": 254,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"reduced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439232",
"start_char": 273,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"min"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022646",
"start_char": 305,
"end_char": 312,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"kidneys"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687120",
"start_char": 318,
"end_char": 334,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"nephron",
"##oph",
"##thi",
"##sis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019638",
"start_char": 342,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"histology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0556636",
"start_char": 353,
"end_char": 357,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"gray"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205419",
"start_char": 390,
"end_char": 397,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"variant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332140",
"start_char": 418,
"end_char": 436,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"clinical",
"diagnosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007457",
"start_char": 442,
"end_char": 447,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"white"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2986417",
"start_char": 469,
"end_char": 479,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"unaffected"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027361",
"start_char": 480,
"end_char": 491,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"individuals"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027361",
"start_char": 507,
"end_char": 518,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"individuals"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0220825",
"start_char": 519,
"end_char": 528,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"evaluated"
]
}
] |
06/b1/PMC8602065/fonc-11-739733-g001.jpg | Radiological evaluation of yolk sac tumor before operation. A noncontrast CT scan showed a slightly hyperdense mass located in the left cerebellar hemisphere (A). The tumor was slightly hypointense on axial T1-WI (B) and slightly hyperintense on axial T2-WI, FLAIR and DWI (D, E). Postcontrast (gadolinium-enhanced) axial, coronal and sagittal MRI showed prominent homogeneous enhancement (F‒H). The fourth ventricle was compressed and narrowed. Mild edema was noted around the lesion. (B–H). WI, weighted imaging. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0034599",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 12,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"radiological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0220825",
"start_char": 13,
"end_char": 23,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"evaluation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043425",
"start_char": 27,
"end_char": 35,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"yolk",
"sac"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 36,
"end_char": 41,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0543467",
"start_char": 49,
"end_char": 58,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"operation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0742919",
"start_char": 62,
"end_char": 81,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"nonc",
"##ont",
"##ras",
"##t",
"ct",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228465",
"start_char": 131,
"end_char": 157,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"left",
"cerebellar",
"hemisphere"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 169,
"end_char": 174,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 203,
"end_char": 208,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 252,
"end_char": 257,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0309093",
"start_char": 267,
"end_char": 272,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"flair"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0598801",
"start_char": 277,
"end_char": 280,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"dwi"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1711375",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 303,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"postc",
"##ont",
"##ras",
"##t"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016911",
"start_char": 306,
"end_char": 316,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"gadolinium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 319,
"end_char": 327,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 330,
"end_char": 335,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 337,
"end_char": 344,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 349,
"end_char": 357,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007799",
"start_char": 425,
"end_char": 434,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"ventricle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0333164",
"start_char": 454,
"end_char": 462,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"narrow",
"##ed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 496,
"end_char": 502,
"start_token": 107,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
}
] |
04/56/PMC7533497/S0022215120001929_fig2.jpg | Imaging and cytology from the five cases. (a) Axial, fat-suppressed, post-contrast, Dixon T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan demonstrating an enhancing right-sided paramedian lesion at the superior aspect of the tongue base (arrows). (b) Direct smear (onsite) Hemacolor stain (×20 magnification) demonstrating cytological features of an adenoid cystic carcinoma. (c) Axial, post-contrast computed tomography scan demonstrating a left-sided enhancing oropharyngeal lesion involving the palatine tonsil and tonsillar pillars (arrows). (d) Cell block H&E stain (×10 magnification) demonstrating a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (p16 negative) with keratinisation and a small group of pleomorphic malignant cells. (e) Sagittal, T2-weighted MRI scan demonstrating a bulky right-sided palatine tonsillar mass (arrows). (f) Cell block p16 immunostain (×10 magnification) demonstrating features of a non-keratinising, poorly differentiated SCC. (g) Axial, T2-weighted MRI scan demonstrating a rounded right-sided paramedian palatal mass (arrows). (h) Direct smear (onsite) Hemacolor stain (×20 magnification) demonstrating features of a pleomorphic adenoma. (i) Sagittal, T2-weighted MRI scan demonstrating an exophytic left-sided tongue base mass (arrows). (j) Direct smear Hemacolor (onsite) stain (×20 magnification) demonstrating a plasma cell infiltrate. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0010818",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 20,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"cytology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 53,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001527",
"start_char": 55,
"end_char": 58,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1260953",
"start_char": 61,
"end_char": 71,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"suppressed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 73,
"end_char": 77,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 80,
"end_char": 88,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 101,
"end_char": 109,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 110,
"end_char": 136,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441993",
"start_char": 191,
"end_char": 201,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"param",
"##edia",
"##n"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 202,
"end_char": 208,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0226958",
"start_char": 239,
"end_char": 250,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"tongue",
"base"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001428",
"start_char": 372,
"end_char": 379,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"adeno",
"##id"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0010606",
"start_char": 380,
"end_char": 396,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"cystic",
"carcinoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 409,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 411,
"end_char": 415,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0742919",
"start_char": 418,
"end_char": 451,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"contrast",
"computed",
"tomography",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0521367",
"start_char": 491,
"end_char": 504,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"oropharyngeal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0222734",
"start_char": 526,
"end_char": 534,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"pal",
"##atine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040421",
"start_char": 535,
"end_char": 541,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"tons",
"##il"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0229872",
"start_char": 546,
"end_char": 563,
"start_token": 109,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"tons",
"##illar",
"pill",
"##ars"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0028778",
"start_char": 582,
"end_char": 592,
"start_token": 120,
"end_token": 122,
"tokens": [
"cell",
"block"
]
}
] |
03/35/PMC4185885/hvi-10-338-g1.jpg | Figure 1. (A) Clinical course from the beginning of the GPC3 peptide vaccination. Serum levels of CA125 and CA72–4 decreased after the initiation of therapy. Black arrows indicate vaccinations. The asterisk indicates right inguinal lymph node resection biopsy. The double asterisk indicates bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. (B) Contrast-enhanced CT scan showing liver (white, red, blue, and orange arrows) and paraaortic lymph node (yellow arrows) metastases. The size of metastases increased immediately following the initiation of the GPC3 peptide vaccination; however, tumor sizes decreased markedly within three months. (C, D) Pathological findings of primary ovarian carcinoma (C) and right inguinal lymph node biopsy specimens (D). A microscopy image of a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained section shows CCC (a, i). Immunohistochemical staining for GPC3 and HLA class I showed positivity in the primary ovarian carcinoma, respectively (b, c). Most CCC cells in the resected right inguinal lymph node metastasis appeared to lack GPC3 expression and a reduction in the expression of HLA class I (ii, iii). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a few CD8-positive T cells in the primary ovarian CCC tissue (d), whereas there was little infiltration of CD8-positive T cells in the resected right inguinal lymph node metastasis (iv). Original magnification, x200. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0449259",
"start_char": 16,
"end_char": 31,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"clinical",
"course"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042196",
"start_char": 71,
"end_char": 82,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"vaccination"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1261155",
"start_char": 84,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"serum",
"levels"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006610",
"start_char": 100,
"end_char": 105,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"ca1",
"##25"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0589507",
"start_char": 139,
"end_char": 149,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"initiation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005680",
"start_char": 162,
"end_char": 167,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"black"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042196",
"start_char": 184,
"end_char": 196,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"vaccinations"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230318",
"start_char": 221,
"end_char": 235,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"right",
"inguinal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024203",
"start_char": 236,
"end_char": 256,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"lymph",
"node",
"resection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0238767",
"start_char": 295,
"end_char": 304,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"bilateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018246",
"start_char": 305,
"end_char": 313,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"inguinal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024203",
"start_char": 314,
"end_char": 329,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"lymphadenectomy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 337,
"end_char": 345,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 348,
"end_char": 356,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023884",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 378,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"liver"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007457",
"start_char": 381,
"end_char": 386,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"white"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332575",
"start_char": 388,
"end_char": 391,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"red"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1260957",
"start_char": 393,
"end_char": 397,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"blue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0229789",
"start_char": 423,
"end_char": 444,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"para",
"##ao",
"##rt",
"##ic",
"lymph",
"node"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027627",
"start_char": 463,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"metastases"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027627",
"start_char": 487,
"end_char": 497,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"metastases"
]
}
] |
fa/f7/PMC9714456/fonc-12-1043688-g002.jpg | An example of a successful salvage TULSA patient case. The patient had a rising PSA of up to 13 ng/ml within six years after primary external beam radiotherapy. Screening T2-weighted (A) and diffusion-weighted (B) MRI showed a distinct anterior lesion with early enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced imaging (C) graded as PI-RR 5 lesion. The same lesion was also clearly visible in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET-CT (maximum standardized uptake value 23) (D). Two residual gold fiducial markers implanted before image-guided radiotherapy are also visible next to the PSMA-positive lesion (D). The MRI-targeted biopsy from the lesion revealed vital carcinoma resembling ISUP GG 5 disease (E). The patient underwent whole-gland TULSA. On the sagittal T1-weighted image (F), a transurethrally inserted ultrasound applicator, endorectal cooling device, and suprapubic catheter are in place. The targeted region reached a lethal minimum temperature of 55°C (G). The non-perfused volume can be visualized immediately after treatment, demonstrating the acute ablation effect covering the targeted lesion (H). At 12 months, the patient underwent follow-up imaging with multiparametric MRI and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET-CT (I, J), both negative for cancer. The prostate volume decreased from 20 cm3 to less than 1 cm3 at 12 months. The 12-month post-TULSA biopsy agreed with imaging findings and showed only a treatment effect with no signs of cancer (K). At the recent follow-up visit two years after TULSA, PSA is still low (PSA 0.067 ng/ml) and stable, and the patient has leak- and pad-free continence and erections sufficient for intercourse. The TULSA treatment report of the patient case, including treatment planning, thermal mapping, and post-treatment gadolinium-enhanced images, is provided in
. CT, computed tomography; ISUP GG, International Society of Urological Pathology grade group; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography; PI-RR, Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen; TRUS, transrectal ultrasound; TULSA, Transurethral ultrasound ablation. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0237820",
"start_char": 27,
"end_char": 34,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"salvage"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205225",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 134,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"primary"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0199230",
"start_char": 163,
"end_char": 172,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"screening"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012222",
"start_char": 197,
"end_char": 206,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"diffusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 209,
"end_char": 217,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 224,
"end_char": 227,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 246,
"end_char": 254,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 255,
"end_char": 261,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016911",
"start_char": 288,
"end_char": 298,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"gadolinium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 301,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 344,
"end_char": 350,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 361,
"end_char": 367,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205379",
"start_char": 385,
"end_char": 392,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"visible"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302995",
"start_char": 396,
"end_char": 399,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"18f"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0067685",
"start_char": 402,
"end_char": 406,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"psma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031268",
"start_char": 414,
"end_char": 417,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"pet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 420,
"end_char": 422,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2348529",
"start_char": 433,
"end_char": 461,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"standardized",
"uptake",
"value",
"23"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1609982",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 483,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"residual"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018026",
"start_char": 484,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"gold"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1708056",
"start_char": 489,
"end_char": 497,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"fid",
"##uc",
"##ial"
]
}
] |
d6/1e/PMC9839517/WSBM-15-0-g003.jpg | Lesion pathology in multiple sclerosis. MRI‐pathology correlations of a periventricular lesion with a paramagnetic rim and vessel. FLAIR images obtained in a post‐mortem in situ 3 T MRI (axial and coronal planes shown) demonstrate a periventricular T2‐hyperintense lesion outlined in yellow with the lateral ventricle noted with an asterisk. A 7 T MRI with a T2‐weighted image shown was done following fixation of the 1‐cm coronal tissue slice with the lesion outlined. The lesion border has a paramagnetic rim and a vessel in its center on SWI‐phase imaging. Immunohistochemistry of 30‐μ free floating sections of the area was stained for myelin (PLP) and activated microglia/macrophages (MHCII) and demonstrates a demyelinated periventricular chronic active lesion. A modified Turnbull iron histological stain shows areas of increased iron at the lesion border coinciding with MHCII and the SWI‐phase RIM (arrowhead). FLAIR, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery; MHCII, major histocompatibility complex II (activated microglia/macrophages); PLP, proteolipid protein (myelin); SWI, susceptibility weighted imaging; T, Tesla; T2‐Turbo‐RARE, T2‐weighted Turbo Rapid Imaging with Refocused Echoes. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 6,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 7,
"end_char": 16,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"pathology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026769",
"start_char": 20,
"end_char": 38,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"multiple",
"sclerosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 46,
"end_char": 55,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"pathology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1707520",
"start_char": 56,
"end_char": 68,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"correlations"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5237503",
"start_char": 74,
"end_char": 89,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"periv",
"##entricular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 90,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005847",
"start_char": 125,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"vessel"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 160,
"end_char": 164,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0580205",
"start_char": 167,
"end_char": 173,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"mortem"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 186,
"end_char": 189,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 192,
"end_char": 197,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4551585",
"start_char": 202,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"coronal",
"planes"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5237503",
"start_char": 239,
"end_char": 259,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"periv",
"##entricular",
"t2",
"‐"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221205",
"start_char": 292,
"end_char": 298,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"yellow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0152279",
"start_char": 308,
"end_char": 325,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"ventricle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 356,
"end_char": 359,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 372,
"end_char": 386,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0185023",
"start_char": 412,
"end_char": 420,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"fixation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 465,
"end_char": 471,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0600661",
"start_char": 472,
"end_char": 480,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"outlined"
]
}
] |
0d/b6/PMC3864225/ci13004202.jpg | Telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the distal femur in a 12-year-old boy. Anteroposterior radiograph (a) shows a geographic lytic lesion with mild expansile remodeling of bone. Coronal T2-weighted image (b) shows marrow replacement by heterogeneous high signal intensity. Coronal T1-weighted enhanced image (c) shows a thick septa (between arrowheads) and big cystic spaces (stars). Axial T2-weighted image (d) shows fluid levels (arrows) in the cystic spaces. T1-weighted enhanced image (e) shows honeycomb-like appearance. Preoperative biopsy pathology (f) shows some blood spaces (stars) and surrounding fibroconnective tissues (arrows) without high-grade sarcomatous cells, suggesting the diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst (hematoxylin–eosin stain; original magnification ×40). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C3273010",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 14,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"telangiect",
"##atic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029463",
"start_char": 15,
"end_char": 27,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"osteosarcoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4528332",
"start_char": 35,
"end_char": 47,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"distal",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0870221",
"start_char": 69,
"end_char": 72,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"boy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517526",
"start_char": 115,
"end_char": 125,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"geographic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221204",
"start_char": 126,
"end_char": 138,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"lytic",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005931",
"start_char": 173,
"end_char": 177,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"bone"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 192,
"end_char": 200,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 254,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0871362",
"start_char": 260,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"signal",
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 299,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 300,
"end_char": 308,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0723285",
"start_char": 335,
"end_char": 340,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"sept",
"##a"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 397,
"end_char": 402,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 403,
"end_char": 405,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 408,
"end_char": 416,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 486,
"end_char": 494,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 495,
"end_char": 503,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332468",
"start_char": 522,
"end_char": 531,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"honey",
"##com",
"##b"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0233426",
"start_char": 539,
"end_char": 549,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 111,
"tokens": [
"appearance"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 551,
"end_char": 563,
"start_token": 112,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
}
] |
4a/5c/PMC6918630/40644_2019_275_Fig4_HTML.jpg | A 46-year-old woman with enchondroma of the right femur. a-b Preoperative anteroposterior (a) and lateral (b) plain radiographs show a central bone lesion with local high-density shadows in the distal femur (yellow arrow). c-d Preoperative coronal (c) and axial (d) CT images demonstrate the mass as a high-density lesion without a definite boundary in the distal femur (yellow arrow). No obvious periosteal reaction or soft tissue masses were found in the local cortex. e-f Preoperative sagittal T1-weighted (e) and sagittal STIR sequence (f) images show a central lesion with low signal intensity on T1WI and heterogeneous high signal intensity on STIR (yellow arrow). g-h Intraoperative X-rays showing the MWA procedure (yellow arrow). Subsequently, endoscopic curettage of the tumor was performed. i-k The remaining bony cavity was packed with injectable artificial (i, yellow arrow) bone under the guidance of fluoroscopy (k, yellow arrow). l-m At the 5-month follow-up visit, solid fusion of the bone graft at the distal femur without tumor recurrence was observed. n The histopathological biopsy results (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 40×) confirmed the bone lesion as an enchondroma | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 23,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1704356",
"start_char": 29,
"end_char": 40,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"enc",
"##ho",
"##nd",
"##rom",
"##a"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4758646",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 59,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"right",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 67,
"end_char": 79,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205093",
"start_char": 106,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"lateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1306645",
"start_char": 126,
"end_char": 137,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"radiographs"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205276",
"start_char": 170,
"end_char": 175,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"local"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0178587",
"start_char": 183,
"end_char": 190,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"density"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332554",
"start_char": 191,
"end_char": 198,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"shadow",
"##s"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4528332",
"start_char": 206,
"end_char": 218,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"distal",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 243,
"end_char": 255,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 256,
"end_char": 263,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 274,
"end_char": 279,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 312,
"end_char": 316,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0178587",
"start_char": 329,
"end_char": 336,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"density"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 337,
"end_char": 343,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439544",
"start_char": 354,
"end_char": 362,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4528332",
"start_char": 379,
"end_char": 391,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"distal",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2674853",
"start_char": 421,
"end_char": 440,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"perioste",
"##al",
"reaction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0457193",
"start_char": 444,
"end_char": 462,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"soft",
"tissue",
"masses"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205276",
"start_char": 481,
"end_char": 486,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"local"
]
}
] |
fd/2a/PMC7522847/10.1177_0300060520954690-fig1.jpg | (a) T1-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing lesion (arrow) as nearly isointense with normalfat and hypointense to the spinal cord. (b) T2-weighted sagittal MRI of midthoracic spine showing heterogeneoussignal in the lesion (arrow). (c) Post-contrast T1-weighted sagittal MRI showing maximalenhancement of the lesion (arrow), extending from L1 to L2. The tumor shows a large component hypointenseto fat and hyperintense to vascular channels. (d) Post-contrast T1-weighted axial MRI showing “noodle” sign (arrow). (e) Sagittal lumbar computed tomography (CT) showing low-density posterior extradural mass(arrow) extending from L1 to L2. (f) Transverse lumbar CT showing compressed spinal cord (arrow). (g, h) Postoperative X-ray showing internal fixation in place. (i) Histopathological image (hematoxylin-eosin staining, ×100) showing mature adipose tissue with numerous small vascular channels. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 11,
"end_char": 19,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 20,
"end_char": 28,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 58,
"end_char": 61,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 72,
"end_char": 78,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517605",
"start_char": 99,
"end_char": 109,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"iso",
"##int",
"##ense"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037925",
"start_char": 148,
"end_char": 159,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"spinal",
"cord"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 167,
"end_char": 169,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 172,
"end_char": 180,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 181,
"end_char": 189,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 250,
"end_char": 256,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 274,
"end_char": 278,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 281,
"end_char": 289,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 295,
"end_char": 303,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 304,
"end_char": 312,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 351,
"end_char": 357,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0446433",
"start_char": 390,
"end_char": 392,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"l2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 398,
"end_char": 403,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 491,
"end_char": 495,
"start_token": 111,
"end_token": 112,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 498,
"end_char": 506,
"start_token": 113,
"end_token": 114,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 512,
"end_char": 520,
"start_token": 116,
"end_token": 117,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 521,
"end_char": 526,
"start_token": 117,
"end_token": 118,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
}
] |
79/68/PMC8750257/cancers-14-00215-g003.jpg | Radiation-induced necrosis. A 54-year-old male patient with a choroidal melanoma of the right eye. The patient underwent secondary enucleation 36 months after proton beam radiotherapy because of tumor regrowth. Axial (a) T2-weighted turbo spin-echo and (b) fat-suppressed T1-weighted mages demonstrate a lentiform-shaped intraocular lesion along the posterior aspect of the globe, adjacent to the optic nerve head. Two distinct portions are recognizable within the lesion. A lateral area (white arrows), hypointense on T2-weighted and hyperintense on T1-weighted images, representing radiotherapy-related necrosis; a medial portion (white arrowheads) with intermediate signal intensity, indicative of viable neoplastic tissue related to tumor recurrence of a poorly pigmented melanoma. On (c) axial contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted image the viable neoplastic tissue enhances (white arrowhead) and the distinction between the two portion of the lesion is hardly recognizable because of the intrinsic hyperintensity of radiotherapy-related necrosis (white arrow). (d) Histological low magnification (H&E, original magnification 50×) showing the conventional pattern of radiation-induced necrosis in uveal melanoma. A sharp demarcation between the residual poorly pigmented, viable tumor mass (on the right) and the abundant and heavily pigmented necrotic tissue (on the left) is seen. Note the emergence of the optic nerve (black arrow), compressed but not infiltrated by the tumor. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0034519",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 9,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"radiation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205263",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 19,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"induced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027540",
"start_char": 20,
"end_char": 28,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"necrosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0086582",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 52,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"male"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0220633",
"start_char": 68,
"end_char": 86,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"choroidal",
"melanoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0229089",
"start_char": 94,
"end_char": 103,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"right",
"eye"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1322638",
"start_char": 165,
"end_char": 189,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"proton",
"beam",
"radiotherapy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 217,
"end_char": 222,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1415347",
"start_char": 249,
"end_char": 253,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"spin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0058928",
"start_char": 256,
"end_char": 260,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"echo"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001527",
"start_char": 271,
"end_char": 274,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1260953",
"start_char": 277,
"end_char": 287,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"suppressed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 288,
"end_char": 290,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 293,
"end_char": 301,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332479",
"start_char": 334,
"end_char": 340,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"shaped"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1522223",
"start_char": 341,
"end_char": 352,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"intraocular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 353,
"end_char": 359,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205095",
"start_char": 370,
"end_char": 379,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"posterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015392",
"start_char": 394,
"end_char": 399,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"globe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029127",
"start_char": 417,
"end_char": 433,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"optic",
"nerve",
"head"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 485,
"end_char": 491,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
}
] |
2f/ae/PMC9574287/jksr-83-1121-g001.jpg | Vaginal hemorrhage from decidualized endometriosis in pregnancy in a 33-year-old female at 36 weeks gestation, complaining vaginal bleeding and low abdominal pain. A. Transvaginal ultrasonography image 2 weeks before the delivery shows an ill-defined heterogeneously hypoechoic lesion measuring 6 cm, in the rectovaginal pouch (arrows) beneath the cervix (dotted arrow) with an abundant vascularity in Doppler image. B. Sagittal reconstruction image of contrast enhanced abdomen and pelvic CT scan shows ill-defined heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue mass in the rectovaginal pouch involving the posterior vaginal wall and closely abutting on the anterior wall of rectum (white arrows). Note that pseudoaneurysms within the lesion and into the vaginal cavity (black arrows) suggest active bleeding. C. Vaginal examination performed through colposcopy shows a vaginal mass (asterisk) that is grossly irregular and protruding in the surface of the posterior wall of the vagina and cervix. The lesion combined with white-yellowish multiple necrotic foci and bled on touch. D. Few glandular structures with decidualized stroma are observed in the subepithelial layer of the vagina (hematoxylin & eosin stain, × 100). E. Axial pelvic MRI (T2W1 and T1W1) 3 months after the delivery shows ill-defined dark SI lesion in the rectovaginal pouch extension into posterior vaginal wall (arrows). Note that T1 and T2 high SI in the posterior vaginal wall suggests hemorrhage in dilated ectopic endometrial gland (dotted arrows). F. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography 8 months after the delivery shows decreased size of the ill-defined heterogeneously hypoechoic lesion in the rectovaginal pouch (arrows) and internal blood flow. C = external cervix os, SI = signal intensity, T1WI = T1-weighted image, T2WI = T2-weighted image, V = normal vaginal wall | [
{
"umls_cui": "C2979982",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 18,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"vaginal",
"hemorrhage"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014175",
"start_char": 37,
"end_char": 50,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"endometriosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032961",
"start_char": 54,
"end_char": 63,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"pregnancy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 85,
"end_char": 91,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032961",
"start_char": 104,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"gestation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2979982",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 143,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"vaginal",
"bleeding"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0000737",
"start_char": 148,
"end_char": 166,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"low",
"abdominal",
"pain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 184,
"end_char": 199,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"ultrasonography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1696103",
"start_char": 200,
"end_char": 207,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"image",
"2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0011209",
"start_char": 225,
"end_char": 233,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"delivery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231218",
"start_char": 243,
"end_char": 246,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"ill"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1268646",
"start_char": 257,
"end_char": 272,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous",
"##ly"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0444706",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 300,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"measuring"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007874",
"start_char": 356,
"end_char": 362,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"cervix"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2346714",
"start_char": 388,
"end_char": 396,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"abundant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4068833",
"start_char": 397,
"end_char": 408,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"vascular",
"##ity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 463,
"end_char": 471,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0000726",
"start_char": 481,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"abdomen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030797",
"start_char": 493,
"end_char": 499,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"pelvic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231218",
"start_char": 514,
"end_char": 517,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"ill"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1268646",
"start_char": 528,
"end_char": 543,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous",
"##ly"
]
}
] |
96/2c/PMC6524398/JVIM-33-1384-g001.jpg | Computed tomography (CT)‐guided stereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) of canine astrocytoma illustrating underestimation of tumor grade by SBB. A, Pre‐ (inset) and post‐contrast T1‐weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance image (MRI) of heterogeneously ring‐enhancing intra‐axial mass in right frontal lobe. B, Preoperative CT with hyperattenuating region of intralesional hemorrhage corresponding with hypointensity on the T2* gradient image (inset) that is avoided during biopsy. C, Coregistered post‐contrast T1W MRI and intraoperative CT scan with biopsy needle in situ (inset) within dorsal contrast‐enhancing portion of the mass. D, Core specimen from SBB depicted in (C), demonstrating features of a low‐grade fibrillary astrocytoma. The neoplasm is composed of spindloid cells with indistinct cell borders, fibrillar eosinophilic cytoplasm, and cytoplasmic processes arranged in streams and whorls (inset) around small caliber blood vessels, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor is evident in gross (E) and subgross (F) necropsy specimens. In the ventral hemorrhagic region, features of high‐grade astrocytoma such as geographic necrosis, cellular palisading, and microvascular proliferation are apparent (F, inset; H&E stain) | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 19,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0579037",
"start_char": 36,
"end_char": 61,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"stereotactic",
"brain",
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0579037",
"start_char": 64,
"end_char": 67,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"sb",
"##b"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012984",
"start_char": 73,
"end_char": 79,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"canine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004114",
"start_char": 80,
"end_char": 91,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"astrocytoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0579037",
"start_char": 139,
"end_char": 142,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"sb",
"##b"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 167,
"end_char": 182,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"post",
"‐",
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 188,
"end_char": 196,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5392999",
"start_char": 205,
"end_char": 229,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5392999",
"start_char": 232,
"end_char": 235,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0347985",
"start_char": 274,
"end_char": 281,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"intra",
"‐"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 282,
"end_char": 287,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228193",
"start_char": 296,
"end_char": 314,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"right",
"frontal",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 319,
"end_char": 331,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1512954",
"start_char": 367,
"end_char": 380,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"intral",
"##esi",
"##onal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019080",
"start_char": 381,
"end_char": 391,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"hemorrhage"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5667487",
"start_char": 411,
"end_char": 424,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"hypo",
"##int",
"##ensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005558",
"start_char": 485,
"end_char": 491,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1514821",
"start_char": 496,
"end_char": 508,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"coreg",
"##istered"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0456904",
"start_char": 537,
"end_char": 551,
"start_token": 112,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"intraoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005560",
"start_char": 565,
"end_char": 578,
"start_token": 116,
"end_token": 118,
"tokens": [
"biopsy",
"needle"
]
}
] |
dc/58/PMC3820729/ETM-06-05-1127-g00.jpg | 63-year-old female patient with an expansive, lytic and unicameral cyst lesion located in the right appendix of T7 (arrows). (A and B) CT scan and T2-weighted MRI imaging prior to surgery revealed an expansive, lytic and unicameral cyst lesion located at T7. (C and D) Sagittal fat-restrained and T1-weighted MRI revealed a highly hydrated lesion located at T7. (E and F) Anterior-posterior and lateral view X-ray post-surgery. Segmental instrumented posterior fusion from T6–T8 was performed after the tumor was removed. CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 16,
"end_char": 22,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024348",
"start_char": 50,
"end_char": 55,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"lytic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0003617",
"start_char": 98,
"end_char": 112,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"right",
"appendix"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 155,
"end_char": 157,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 160,
"end_char": 168,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038894",
"start_char": 190,
"end_char": 197,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"surgery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024348",
"start_char": 221,
"end_char": 226,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"lytic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 281,
"end_char": 293,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5453175",
"start_char": 296,
"end_char": 306,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"restrained"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 311,
"end_char": 313,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 316,
"end_char": 324,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 325,
"end_char": 328,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 356,
"end_char": 362,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 390,
"end_char": 398,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205095",
"start_char": 401,
"end_char": 410,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"posterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1508423",
"start_char": 415,
"end_char": 427,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"view"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0086894",
"start_char": 432,
"end_char": 435,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"ray"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 436,
"end_char": 440,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038894",
"start_char": 443,
"end_char": 450,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"surgery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205122",
"start_char": 452,
"end_char": 461,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"segmental"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5453085",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 491,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"posterior",
"fusion"
]
}
] |
7e/80/PMC9371551/medi-101-e29963-g006.jpg | The representative images of patient number 5 with the characteristics as described in Table 1. The axial CT image of the sacrum (A). An osteolytic lesion is observed in the sacrum. The sagittal T1-weighted MRI of the sacrum (B) and axial T2-weighted MRI of the sacrum (C). The tumor as a low-iso intensity lesion is observed to have spread within the sacrum. The pathological findings as indicated by hematoxylin and eosin staining (D). A few multinucleated giant cells are observed. CT scans revealed bone sclerosis appearing around the sacrum at 10 months after commencing denosumab treatment (E). Scale bar = 100 µm. CT = computed tomography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C1521970",
"start_char": 55,
"end_char": 70,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"characteristics"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 100,
"end_char": 105,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036033",
"start_char": 122,
"end_char": 128,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"sacr",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302313",
"start_char": 139,
"end_char": 156,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"oste",
"##olytic",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036033",
"start_char": 176,
"end_char": 182,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"sacr",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 188,
"end_char": 196,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 202,
"end_char": 210,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 211,
"end_char": 214,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036033",
"start_char": 222,
"end_char": 228,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"sacr",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 239,
"end_char": 244,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 250,
"end_char": 258,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 259,
"end_char": 262,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036033",
"start_char": 270,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"sacr",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 288,
"end_char": 293,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1668248",
"start_char": 305,
"end_char": 308,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"iso"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0522510",
"start_char": 309,
"end_char": 318,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332261",
"start_char": 346,
"end_char": 352,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"spread"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036033",
"start_char": 364,
"end_char": 370,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"sacr",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 376,
"end_char": 388,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"pathological"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2607943",
"start_char": 389,
"end_char": 397,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"findings"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0523207",
"start_char": 414,
"end_char": 435,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"hematoxylin",
"and",
"eosin"
]
}
] |
79/b2/PMC10407062/jksr-84-946-g001.jpg | A 34-year-old female with a peritoneal leiomyoma mimicked hepatic mass. A. Precontrast axial CT image shows a low attenuated mass in the extrahepatic area of liver segment six. On contrast-enhanced axial and coronal images in the portal phase, the mass shows rim and irregular enhancement and a suspicious gap (arrows) between it and the liver parenchyma. B. Axial non-enhanced T2-weighted MRI reveals a mass abutting liver segment six with signal intensity higher than that of the liver. Coronal T2-weighted MRI shows a suspicious gap (arrows) between the mass and hepatic parenchyma. In precontrast T1-weighted MRI, the mass shows lower signal intensity relative to that of the liver. Contrast-enhanced arterial, portal, and transitional phases show gradual incomplete mass rim enhancement. The mass shows homogeneous low signal intensity at the hepatobiliary phase and high signal intensity on DWI (b = 800 s/mm2) and low ADC value on the ADC map. C. An ovoid solid mass is present in the peritoneum near the liver, measuring 5.8 cm × 4.7 cm × 3.7 cm (left) and its histology showed intersecting fascicles of slender-tapered spindle cells (middle, hematoxyling & eosin stain, × 100). Immunohistochemical stain for desmin revealed positivity in the tumor cells, consistent with leiomyoma (right, × 200). ADC = apparent diffusion coefficient, DWI = diffusion-weighted imaging, WI = weighted image | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0240225",
"start_char": 62,
"end_char": 74,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"hepatic",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332161",
"start_char": 118,
"end_char": 128,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"attenuated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 129,
"end_char": 133,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0457138",
"start_char": 162,
"end_char": 175,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"liver",
"segment"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 184,
"end_char": 192,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 195,
"end_char": 203,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 204,
"end_char": 209,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 254,
"end_char": 258,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1308727",
"start_char": 265,
"end_char": 268,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"rim"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0750493",
"start_char": 301,
"end_char": 311,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"suspicious"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0061928",
"start_char": 312,
"end_char": 315,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"gap"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0736268",
"start_char": 346,
"end_char": 362,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"liver",
"parenchyma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 367,
"end_char": 372,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513853",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 376,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"non"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 379,
"end_char": 387,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 388,
"end_char": 390,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 393,
"end_char": 401,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 402,
"end_char": 405,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 416,
"end_char": 420,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0457138",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 443,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"liver",
"segment"
]
}
] |
b1/9a/PMC4901492/12935_2016_319_Fig2_HTML.jpg | Example of a PDX data set. Each data set included the pathology of the donor patient, an MRI (T1 axial enhancement) image of the donor patient, PDX number, injection method, lifetime of the PDX, and an H&E-stained histological section of PDX brain tissue. This data set corresponds to that for tumor tissue fragments from a glioblastoma patient with a T1 contrast-enhanced lesion in the right temporoparietal lobe implanted into PDX mouse #22 through a pipette. No xenograft patient-derived tumor tissue fragments were detected in H&E-stained histological sections of brain tissue from this mouse, as confirmed by Neuro-pathologists | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0150098",
"start_char": 17,
"end_char": 25,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"data",
"set"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0150098",
"start_char": 32,
"end_char": 40,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"data",
"set"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 54,
"end_char": 63,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"pathology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0013018",
"start_char": 71,
"end_char": 76,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"donor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 89,
"end_char": 92,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 98,
"end_char": 115,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"axial",
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0013018",
"start_char": 131,
"end_char": 136,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"donor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0456651",
"start_char": 158,
"end_char": 174,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"injection",
"method"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4071830",
"start_char": 176,
"end_char": 184,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"lifetime"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332134",
"start_char": 192,
"end_char": 195,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"pdx"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2986582",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 219,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"stained"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205462",
"start_char": 220,
"end_char": 240,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"histological",
"section"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0440746",
"start_char": 248,
"end_char": 260,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"brain",
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475358",
"start_char": 300,
"end_char": 312,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332255",
"start_char": 313,
"end_char": 322,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"fragments"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0017636",
"start_char": 330,
"end_char": 342,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"glioblastoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 361,
"end_char": 369,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 372,
"end_char": 380,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 381,
"end_char": 387,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021102",
"start_char": 422,
"end_char": 431,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"implanted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0025914",
"start_char": 441,
"end_char": 446,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"mouse"
]
}
] |
96/17/PMC2930166/kjr-11-560-g001.jpg | Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scans and follow-up MR images in 59-year-old woman with intrahepatic bile duct adenoma. A. Unenhanced CT scan shows well-defined low density mass measuring about 1.7 cm in periphery of posteroinferior segment of right hepatic lobe (arrow). B. Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT performed on mass shows heterogeneous enhancement (arrow) during hepatic arterial phase. Focal non-enhancing cystic portion is seen in anterior portion of mass. C. On equilibrium phase, mass shows relatively persistent enhancement (arrow). D. On equilibrium phase of follow-up CT scans obtained after seven months, tumor is slightly enlarged, measuring about 2.1 cm in diameter. E. Coronal T2-weighted half fourier acquisition single shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) image revealed that lesion has heterogeneous high signal intensity (arrow) with several small areas of bright signal intensity similar to that of fluid. F. On T1-weighted image, lesion shows homogeneous hypointensity (arrow). G. On dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images with fat saturation after administration of Gd-EOB-DTPA, upper portion of mass shows focal non-enhancing cystic portion with heterogeneous enhancement in remaining portion (arrow) during hepatic arterial phase. H. Lower portion of mass located 8 mm caudad to G shows heterogeneous enhancement during hepatic arterial phase. I. On equilibrium phase, mass shows relative hypointensity in comparison with normal liver parenchyma (arrow). J. On hepatobiliary phase obtained 20 minutes after contrast injection, mass shows distinct low signal intensity (arrow). K. Gross specimen shows well-circumscribed, non-encapsulated, yellowish white, subcapsular mass (white arrows). Multiple cystic changes (arrowhead) are seen in mass and focal hemorrhagic component (open arrow) is combined. L. Microscopically, mass consists of densely packed proliferation of simple tubular ducts (arrow) combined with hemorrhage (H). Cuboidal epithelium resembles that of interlobular bile ducts without cell atypia or mitotic activity (Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, ×200). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0729333",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 7,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"dynamic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 8,
"end_char": 16,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 19,
"end_char": 27,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441633",
"start_char": 31,
"end_char": 36,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"scans"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0547043",
"start_char": 50,
"end_char": 52,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"up"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 82,
"end_char": 87,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1331535",
"start_char": 93,
"end_char": 123,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"intrahepatic",
"bile",
"duct",
"adenoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029453",
"start_char": 168,
"end_char": 179,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"low",
"density"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0444706",
"start_char": 185,
"end_char": 194,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"measuring"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1622967",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 221,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"periphery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227481",
"start_char": 252,
"end_char": 270,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"right",
"hepatic",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 293,
"end_char": 301,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 304,
"end_char": 312,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 329,
"end_char": 333,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205234",
"start_char": 407,
"end_char": 412,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"focal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513853",
"start_char": 413,
"end_char": 416,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"non"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830314",
"start_char": 419,
"end_char": 428,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"enhancing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 455,
"end_char": 463,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 479,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014653",
"start_char": 487,
"end_char": 498,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"equilibrium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 506,
"end_char": 510,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
}
] |
3f/0d/PMC3247132/1477-7819-9-152-3.jpg | Left axillary recurrence from breast cancer: (a) Preoperative patient diagnostic PET/CT scan demonstrating an 18F-FDG-avid lesion in the left axilla (red circle). (b) Postoperative patient diagnostic PET/CT demonstrating complete removal of the 18F-FDG-avid lesion (red circle). (c) Digital photo of the WSRS (i.e., left axillary lymph node dissection specimen), with the white circle corresponding to a suspicious palpable lymph node that is to be further processed. (d) Clinical PET/CT specimen image and (e) micro PET/CT specimen image of the WSRS, with the red circle demonstrating the 18F-FDG-avid lesion that is to be further processed. (f) Digital photo depicting the first phase of the pathologic processing that produced the RDT, which consists of a single 0.5 cm slice through a piece of tissue containing the suspicious palpable lymph node. (g) Clinical PET/CT specimen image and (h) micro PET/CT specimen image of the RDT, demonstrating the 18F-FDG-avid lesion that corresponds to the piece of tissue containing the suspicious palpable lymph node. (i) Digital photo after sectioning of the RDT into four pieces of tissue, designated as SRDT, with visible tumor seen within the piece of tissue shown in the red square. (j) Clinical PET/CT specimen image and (k) micro PET/CT image of the SRDT, demonstrating 18F-FDG avidity within the piece of tissue shown in the red square that corresponds to the visible tumor within the previously processed portion of the suspicious palpable lymph node. (l) H&E stained, whole-mount slide (0.4× magnification) of the specific SRDT piece that is highlighted in the red square in (i), (j), and (k), demonstrating histologic confirmation breast cancer within the corresponding previously processed portion of the suspicious palpable lymph node. Each division of the hatched line in (c), (f), and (i) represents 1 cm. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0006142",
"start_char": 30,
"end_char": 43,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"breast",
"cancer"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 52,
"end_char": 64,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 90,
"end_char": 97,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"ct",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302995",
"start_char": 115,
"end_char": 118,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"18f"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0046056",
"start_char": 121,
"end_char": 124,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"fdg"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2986972",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"avi",
"##d"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 132,
"end_char": 138,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230338",
"start_char": 146,
"end_char": 157,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"left",
"axi",
"##ll",
"##a"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1282913",
"start_char": 160,
"end_char": 170,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"red",
"circle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032790",
"start_char": 180,
"end_char": 193,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"postoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 219,
"end_char": 221,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015252",
"start_char": 245,
"end_char": 252,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"removal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302995",
"start_char": 260,
"end_char": 263,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"18f"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0046056",
"start_char": 266,
"end_char": 269,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"fdg"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2986972",
"start_char": 272,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"avi",
"##d"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 277,
"end_char": 283,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1282913",
"start_char": 286,
"end_char": 296,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"red",
"circle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0193867",
"start_char": 346,
"end_char": 376,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"axillary",
"lymph",
"node",
"dissection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0370003",
"start_char": 377,
"end_char": 385,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"specimen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024204",
"start_char": 450,
"end_char": 460,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"lymph",
"node"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 515,
"end_char": 517,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 111,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
}
] |
c7/32/PMC8987930/fonc-12-825394-g008.jpg | (1) Panel of images demonstrating the classic “mini-brain” appearance in a case of plasmacytoma on therapy with multiple hypointense struts seen emanating from the L2 vertebral body lesion seen on axial computed tomography (CT) [image (A)], axial STIR [image (B)], axial T1WI [image (C)], and axial T2WI [image (D)]. Note the central sclerosis representing post-therapy changes. The non-sclerotic component shows intense post-contrast enhancement with retropulsion as seen in pre-contrast sagittal T1W [image (E)] and post-contrast sagittal images [image (F)]. (2) Solitary plasmacytoma mimicking a soap-bubble lesion. A large expansile multilobulated lesion is seen involving the proximal radius on the radiograph [image (A)]. Coronal T2WI MRI image shows an intermediate T2 signal intensity lesion [image (B)] which shows post-contrast enhancement [image (C)]. Differentials of such a radiologic appearance include the giant cell tumor and blowout metastases. (3) Expansile lesion involving the clivus with T2 iso- to hypointense signal intensity [image (A)], T1 isointense signal intensity [image B], and intense post-contrast enhancement [image (C)]. The lack of T2 hyperintensity makes both chordoma and chondrosarcoma (lesions classically affecting the clivus) highly unlikely. Endonasal sampling revealed features of plasma cell neoplasm. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0439658",
"start_char": 40,
"end_char": 47,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"classic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445542",
"start_char": 50,
"end_char": 54,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"mini"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006104",
"start_char": 57,
"end_char": 62,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"brain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0233426",
"start_char": 65,
"end_char": 75,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"appearance"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032131",
"start_char": 89,
"end_char": 101,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"plasma",
"##cyt",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 203,
"end_char": 228,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"axial",
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 253,
"end_char": 258,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 281,
"end_char": 286,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 313,
"end_char": 318,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036429",
"start_char": 350,
"end_char": 367,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"central",
"sclerosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 381,
"end_char": 385,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392747",
"start_char": 396,
"end_char": 403,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"changes"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513853",
"start_char": 409,
"end_char": 412,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"non"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036429",
"start_char": 415,
"end_char": 424,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"scler",
"##otic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0449432",
"start_char": 425,
"end_char": 434,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"component"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 449,
"end_char": 453,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 456,
"end_char": 464,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 465,
"end_char": 476,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 107,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0277845",
"start_char": 482,
"end_char": 494,
"start_token": 108,
"end_token": 111,
"tokens": [
"retro",
"##p",
"##ulsion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332152",
"start_char": 506,
"end_char": 509,
"start_token": 114,
"end_token": 115,
"tokens": [
"pre"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 512,
"end_char": 520,
"start_token": 116,
"end_token": 117,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
}
] |
79/bc/PMC11135963/cureus-0016-00000059297-i02.jpg | Case 2 (a) External color photograph of a 50-year-old male showing a fungating tumor over the left eye. MRI (b) coronal and (c) axial cuts showing large exophytic lesion enveloping the ocular surface, which is isointense in T1, and intermediate signal in T2-weighted images. (d) Histopathology showing tumor composed of malignant spindle cells and pleomorphic cells with severe atypia and mitosis (stain: eosin and hematoxylin, magnification: 400×). Immunohistochemistry showing positivity for (e) SMA and (f) desmin. MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, SMA: smooth muscle actin | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0086582",
"start_char": 60,
"end_char": 64,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"male"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 85,
"end_char": 90,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0229090",
"start_char": 100,
"end_char": 108,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"left",
"eye"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 110,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 120,
"end_char": 127,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 138,
"end_char": 143,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2700034",
"start_char": 163,
"end_char": 172,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"exo",
"##phy",
"##tic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015392",
"start_char": 195,
"end_char": 201,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"ocular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 265,
"end_char": 267,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 270,
"end_char": 285,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"images"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0243140",
"start_char": 293,
"end_char": 307,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"histopathology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 316,
"end_char": 321,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205282",
"start_char": 334,
"end_char": 343,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"malignant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0682540",
"start_char": 344,
"end_char": 357,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"spindle",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205082",
"start_char": 385,
"end_char": 391,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"severe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0741302",
"start_char": 392,
"end_char": 398,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"atyp",
"##ia"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026255",
"start_char": 403,
"end_char": 410,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"mitosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038128",
"start_char": 413,
"end_char": 418,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"stain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018964",
"start_char": 431,
"end_char": 442,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"hematoxylin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021044",
"start_char": 468,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"immunohistochemistry"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019693",
"start_char": 497,
"end_char": 507,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"positivity"
]
}
] |
cb/6d/PMC11250316/qims-14-07-5084-f6.jpg | An example of using the nomogram to illustrate the correct evaluation of individual risk of CLNM in patients with PTC. A 29-year-old female was incidentally found a thyroid lesion in the left lobe during a cervical spine CT examination outside the hospital. Ultrasound manifestation: hypo-echo in the middle of the inferior pole of the thyroid, the diameter was 3.0 cm (A, red line), irregular shape, A/P =0.18 (B), with microcalcification (C, yellow arrow), taller-than-wide (D). On the iodine map of dual-energy CT, the IC in the arterial (E-G) and venous (H) phases of the measured lesion were 3.7 and 3.4 mg/mL, respectively. A vertical line of each variable was drawn. The values on the “Points” scale intersected by the lines were added to obtain total points (18+20+55+0+14+13=120). The total points >100 points, considered as a high-risk patient. The graph revealed that the risk of CLNM was over 82% by drawing a vertical line on the “Total points” scale. Postoperative pathological results showed that (left lobe) PTC, the diameter was 3.0 cm, metastatic carcinoma was found in the central cervical region (3/7). This image is published with the patient’s consent. (B) The blue line represented the capsular abutment, which was defined as a lack of intervening tissue between PTC lesions and normal thyroid capsules; the red line represented the capsular protrusion, which was defined as the disruption of the perithyroidal echogenic line between the primary site of PTC and the normal thyroid capsule on sonography. (D) Taller-than-wide was defined as the anteroposterior diameter of the nodule (blue line) that was larger than its transverse diameter (red line) on a transverse plane. The yellow arrows in (E-H) pointed to the thyroid primary lesions in the iodine maps of the arterial (E-G) and the venous (H) phases. Combining the axial (E), sagittal (F), and coronal (G) images, the primary lesion with the largest cross-sectional area was selected to measure. The region of interest was placed on the substantial part as large as possible, pay attention to avoid cystic degeneration, necrosis, or calcification, and not involve adjacent blood vessels. According to the 8th AJCC staging systems, the diameter was classified into four categories according to the definition of diameter as follows: T1a: ≤1 cm, T1b: 1–2 cm, T2: 2–4 cm, ≥ T3: >4 cm, which corresponded to 0, 1, 2, and 3 in “Diameter” in the nomogram. Refer to American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data for grouping criteria, the shape of the thyroid nodule included wider-than tall and taller-than wide, which corresponded to 0 and 1 in “Shape” in the nomogram. Refer to American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data for grouping criteria, the calcification of the thyroid nodule included none or large comet-tail, macrocalcification, rim calcification, and microcalcification, which corresponded to 0, 1, 2, and 3 in “Calcification” in the nomogram. A/P was graded by values of <25%, 25–50%, or >50%, proven by a previous study, which corresponded to 0, 1, and 2 in “A/P” in the nomogram. The cutoff value of each DECT quantitative parameter was displayed in Table S5, and these parameters were converted from continuous variables to categorical variables accordingly, which corresponded to 0 and 1 in “IC IAP and IC IVP” in the nomogram. The cutoff value of IC IAP and IC IVP were 2.4 mg/mL and 3.2 mg/mL, respectively. AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; A/P, the ratio of capsular abutment over the lesion perimeter; CLNM, central lymph node metastasis; CT, computed tomography; DECT, dual-energy computed tomography; IAP, in the arterial phase; IC, iodine concentration; IVP, in the venous phase; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C1450294",
"start_char": 24,
"end_char": 32,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"nom",
"##ogram"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0220825",
"start_char": 59,
"end_char": 69,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"evaluation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027361",
"start_char": 73,
"end_char": 83,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"individual"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0035647",
"start_char": 84,
"end_char": 88,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"risk"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015491",
"start_char": 114,
"end_char": 117,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"ptc"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 137,
"end_char": 143,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040132",
"start_char": 169,
"end_char": 176,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"thyroid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 177,
"end_char": 183,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1261077",
"start_char": 191,
"end_char": 200,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"left",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0728985",
"start_char": 210,
"end_char": 224,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"cervical",
"spine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019994",
"start_char": 252,
"end_char": 260,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"hospital"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 262,
"end_char": 272,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205319",
"start_char": 273,
"end_char": 286,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"manifestation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0058928",
"start_char": 296,
"end_char": 300,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"echo"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1179623",
"start_char": 322,
"end_char": 335,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"inferior",
"pole"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040132",
"start_char": 343,
"end_char": 350,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"thyroid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1301886",
"start_char": 356,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"diameter"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205271",
"start_char": 394,
"end_char": 403,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"irregular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332479",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 409,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"shape"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0520594",
"start_char": 437,
"end_char": 455,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"microc",
"##alc",
"##ification"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221205",
"start_char": 461,
"end_char": 467,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"yellow"
]
}
] |
e1/2b/PMC5851750/medi-97-e9745-g002.jpg | MRI and pathological images of a 51-year-old woman who presented with decreased vision. Coronal and saggital T1WI (A and B) show a large suprasellar isointense mass. Coronal T2WI (C) demonstrates a heterogeneous hypointense midline lesion. Routine and contrast-enhanced axial CT (D and E) show a suprasellar lesion hyperattenuated to brain, with obvious homogeneous enhancement. Postcontrast coronal and saggital T1WI (F and G) show a mass with a well-defined margins and granulated enhancement. The pituitary gland appears normal. Note that within the mass there is a star-like crack (arrows in A, C, F, G) that shows hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on T2WI. The star-like crack is enhanced after contrast. Photomicrograph (H) reveals abundant granular cytoplasm within the tumor cells. CT = x-ray computed tomography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 3,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 49,
"end_char": 54,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 92,
"end_char": 99,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230054",
"start_char": 143,
"end_char": 154,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"supra",
"##se",
"##ll",
"##ar"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517605",
"start_char": 155,
"end_char": 165,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"iso",
"##int",
"##ense"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 166,
"end_char": 170,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 206,
"end_char": 219,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 240,
"end_char": 246,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205547",
"start_char": 248,
"end_char": 255,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"routine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 260,
"end_char": 268,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 271,
"end_char": 279,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 280,
"end_char": 285,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230054",
"start_char": 308,
"end_char": 319,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"supra",
"##se",
"##ll",
"##ar"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 320,
"end_char": 326,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332161",
"start_char": 327,
"end_char": 342,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"hyper",
"##att",
"##en",
"##uated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006104",
"start_char": 346,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"brain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1881065",
"start_char": 366,
"end_char": 377,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"homogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1711375",
"start_char": 391,
"end_char": 403,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"postc",
"##ont",
"##ras",
"##t"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 411,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 449,
"end_char": 453,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 107,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1704788",
"start_char": 468,
"end_char": 475,
"start_token": 111,
"end_token": 112,
"tokens": [
"defined"
]
}
] |
42/ae/PMC3777520/cjc-31-05-257-g001.jpg | Chondroblastoma located in the left tibial diaphysis. A, X-ray radiograph shows a lytic lesion in the diaphysis of the left tibia. B, computed tomography (CT) scan shows a lytic cortical destruction without periosteal reaction. C, T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) shows a low signal nodular mass within the diaphysis. D, T2-weighted MRI shows a medium-to-high signal nodule in the tibia. E, emission computed tomography (ECT) shows clearly defined uptake of radiopharmaceuticals in the media part of the left leg. F, pathologic examination with HE staining shows so-called “chondroblast” cells with an oval to round nucleus and with well-defined eosinophilic cytoplasm (HE ×100). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0008441",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 15,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"chondro",
"##blast",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0825076",
"start_char": 31,
"end_char": 52,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"left",
"tibial",
"diaph",
"##ysis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1306645",
"start_char": 61,
"end_char": 75,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"ray",
"radiograph"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221204",
"start_char": 84,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"lytic",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0242696",
"start_char": 104,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"diaph",
"##ysis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817322",
"start_char": 121,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"left",
"tibia"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 136,
"end_char": 155,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024348",
"start_char": 176,
"end_char": 181,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"lytic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2674853",
"start_char": 211,
"end_char": 230,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"perioste",
"##al",
"reaction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 240,
"end_char": 248,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5392999",
"start_char": 249,
"end_char": 273,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5392999",
"start_char": 276,
"end_char": 279,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0242696",
"start_char": 325,
"end_char": 334,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"diaph",
"##ysis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 339,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 344,
"end_char": 352,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5392999",
"start_char": 353,
"end_char": 356,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009458",
"start_char": 365,
"end_char": 371,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"medium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040184",
"start_char": 405,
"end_char": 410,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"tibia"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040398",
"start_char": 415,
"end_char": 443,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"emission",
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040398",
"start_char": 446,
"end_char": 449,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"ect"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0182638",
"start_char": 484,
"end_char": 504,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 107,
"tokens": [
"radio",
"##pha",
"##rm",
"##aceu",
"##ticals"
]
}
] |
0a/dc/PMC3742567/OL-06-01-0023-g00.jpg | A female patient (case 1) with late recurrent osteosarcoma at 6.5 years post-surgery. (A) Radiography revealing a mixed osteolytic-osteoblastic lesion with periosteal reaction of the right distal femur and a shadow of a soft tissue mass. (B) Histological examination of the biopsy specimen demonstrating the diagnosis of osteosarcoma (HE; magnification, ×10). (C) X-ray showing good healing between the inactivated and host bones at 6 months following an en bloc resection of the tumor and an inactivated bone replantation with preservation of the epiphysis. (D) X-ray showing the healing between the inactivated bone and femoral shaft at 6.5 years post-surgery. The diameter of the affected femur was thinner than that of the contralateral one and a forward protrusion between the inactivated bone and the preserving epiphysis was present. (E) During the second surgery, granulation-like tissue was identified in the medial femoral condyle. (F) A post-operative pathological examination of the specimens indicated that the curetted tissue was that of an osteosarcoma (HE; magnification, ×20). (G) PET/CT examination showing abnormal bone metabolism at the right distal femoral condyle. HE, hematoxylin and eosin; PET/CT, positron emission tomography/computed tomography. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 2,
"end_char": 8,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1455761",
"start_char": 33,
"end_char": 47,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"late",
"recurrent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029463",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 60,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"osteosarcoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 75,
"end_char": 79,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038894",
"start_char": 82,
"end_char": 89,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"surgery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034571",
"start_char": 97,
"end_char": 108,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"radiography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1518633",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 137,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"oste",
"##olytic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029418",
"start_char": 140,
"end_char": 152,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"osteoblastic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 153,
"end_char": 159,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2674853",
"start_char": 165,
"end_char": 184,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"perioste",
"##al",
"reaction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4758646",
"start_char": 192,
"end_char": 210,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"right",
"distal",
"femur"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332554",
"start_char": 217,
"end_char": 223,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"shadow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0457193",
"start_char": 229,
"end_char": 245,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"soft",
"tissue",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005558",
"start_char": 285,
"end_char": 291,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0370003",
"start_char": 292,
"end_char": 300,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"specimen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029463",
"start_char": 332,
"end_char": 344,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"osteosarcoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0544461",
"start_char": 421,
"end_char": 432,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"inactivated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1167395",
"start_char": 437,
"end_char": 441,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"host"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0262950",
"start_char": 442,
"end_char": 447,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"bones"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1516835",
"start_char": 476,
"end_char": 480,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"bloc"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015252",
"start_char": 481,
"end_char": 490,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"resection"
]
}
] |
3d/ef/PMC2627189/kjr-9-S48-g001.jpg | 54-year-old man with solitary fibrous tumor in pancreas. A-D. Axial unenhanced (A), arterial phase (B), portal phase (C), and coronal reformatted, portal phase (D) CT images show well-defined, lobulate mass (arrows) in pancreatic body. On contrast-enhanced CT scans, mass showed progressive enhancement from arterial phase to portal venous phase with large and multiple small non-enhancing portions and well-enhancing thin capsule. E. On axial T2-weighted MR image, mass is heterogeneously hyperintense to pancreas parenchyma. Non-enhancing portions within tumor on CT show bright signal intensity, indicating necrosis or cystic change. F. On axial, contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted MR image obtained during delayed phase, mass appears to be subtly heterogeneously enhanced with non-enhancing portions, indicating necrosis or cystic change, and well-enhancing capsule. G. Endoscopic ultrasonography displays ovoid, well-demarcated, echogenic pancreatic mass (arrows) with cystic portion (arrowheads) of heterogeneous internal echogenecities. H. Photograph of cut surface of surgical specimen shows ovoid, firm mass (black arrows) attached to pancreas (P) with focal cystic degeneration (C) in mass. I. Photomicrograph of histologic material shows pattern-less architecture of typical bland spindle cells (Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, ×200). J. Immunohistochemical staining for CD 99 shows diffuse positivity in tumor cells (×200). Cytoplasms of tumor cells are brown and nuclei of tumor cells are blue. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0025266",
"start_char": 16,
"end_char": 19,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"man"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018922",
"start_char": 25,
"end_char": 47,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"solitary",
"fibrous",
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030274",
"start_char": 51,
"end_char": 59,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"pancreas"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227582",
"start_char": 237,
"end_char": 252,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"pancreatic",
"body"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 257,
"end_char": 265,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 268,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441633",
"start_char": 280,
"end_char": 285,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"scans"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 287,
"end_char": 291,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205329",
"start_char": 299,
"end_char": 310,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 311,
"end_char": 322,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1514240",
"start_char": 346,
"end_char": 365,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"portal",
"venous",
"phase"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439064",
"start_char": 381,
"end_char": 389,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"multiple"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513853",
"start_char": 396,
"end_char": 399,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"non"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830314",
"start_char": 402,
"end_char": 411,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"enhancing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830314",
"start_char": 432,
"end_char": 441,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"enhancing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006935",
"start_char": 447,
"end_char": 454,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"capsule"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 462,
"end_char": 467,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 468,
"end_char": 470,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 473,
"end_char": 481,
"start_token": 105,
"end_token": 106,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 492,
"end_char": 496,
"start_token": 109,
"end_token": 110,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030274",
"start_char": 532,
"end_char": 540,
"start_token": 116,
"end_token": 117,
"tokens": [
"pancreas"
]
}
] |
6c/d1/PMC8564848/acc-60-296-f1.jpg | Axial view of T1-weighted contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealing a space occupying, deep-seated, expansive tumor lesion in the right trigone region of the periventricular white matter (A); sagittal MRI reformation confirming the trigonal periventricular tumor (B); axial view of T2-weighted brain MRI depicting solid tumor lesion in the right trigone region with perifocal edema and compression of the occipital horn of the right lateral ventricle (C); native postoperative brain axial computed tomography (CT) scan identifying a drop of endocranial air at the site of tumor biopsy (D). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 5,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 14,
"end_char": 16,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 19,
"end_char": 27,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 28,
"end_char": 36,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 39,
"end_char": 47,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 74,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 77,
"end_char": 80,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006104",
"start_char": 90,
"end_char": 95,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"brain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1883067",
"start_char": 108,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"space"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0277814",
"start_char": 132,
"end_char": 138,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"seated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228157",
"start_char": 198,
"end_char": 226,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"periv",
"##entricular",
"white",
"matter"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 235,
"end_char": 243,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 314,
"end_char": 319,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 328,
"end_char": 330,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 333,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4028269",
"start_char": 342,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"brain",
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0280100",
"start_char": 362,
"end_char": 373,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"solid",
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332459",
"start_char": 434,
"end_char": 445,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"compression"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228160",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 498,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"right",
"lateral",
"ventricle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302891",
"start_char": 507,
"end_char": 513,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"native"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032790",
"start_char": 514,
"end_char": 527,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"postoperative"
]
}
] |
52/d9/PMC8798582/tcr-08-02-635-f4.jpg | MRI guide excision for patient with whom nipple discharge stopped after underwent ductal endoscopy examination prior to admission. A 42-years old woman with bloody nipple discharge of right breast for one months before admitted to hospital. However, nipple discharge stopped after underwent ductal endoscopy examination in other hospital. (A,B,C) Respectively for MRI, coronal transverse and sagittal image shows: right breast quadrant duct dilated under complicated abnormal strengthening focal, the dynamic enhanced scan is ductal-like, the internal tube sample reinforcement. BI-RADS category 4. Arrows: nonmass-like lesion. (D) Ultrasound lesion located in the intraductal: the right breast about 3 cm away from the nipple, the expansion of intraductal multiple low echo tubercle, supplied by about 1.3 cm × 0.6 cm, CDFI did not see clear the blood flow signals. BI-RADS category 4. Arrows: mass located in the mammary duct. (E,F,G,H,I) MRI guide excision process: (E) nipple discharge has stopped; arrow: nipple and no nipple discharge; (F) design a radial incision and incise the skin based on MRI images. Arrow: radial incision; (G) visible to see about 0.5 cm intraductal tumor and dilated duct; arrow: dilated duct; (H,I) completely resection of lesions. Arrow: intraductal mass. CDFI, color Doppler flow imaging; BI-RADS, Breast Image Reporting and Data System. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 3,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015252",
"start_char": 10,
"end_char": 18,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"excision"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0149741",
"start_char": 41,
"end_char": 57,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"nip",
"##ple",
"discharge"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031809",
"start_char": 99,
"end_char": 110,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"examination"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0184666",
"start_char": 120,
"end_char": 129,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"admission"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 148,
"end_char": 153,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0541951",
"start_char": 159,
"end_char": 182,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"blood",
"##y",
"nip",
"##ple",
"discharge"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0222600",
"start_char": 186,
"end_char": 198,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"right",
"breast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4482331",
"start_char": 221,
"end_char": 232,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"admitted",
"to"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019994",
"start_char": 233,
"end_char": 241,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"hospital"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0149741",
"start_char": 252,
"end_char": 268,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"nip",
"##ple",
"discharge"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031809",
"start_char": 310,
"end_char": 321,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"examination"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019994",
"start_char": 331,
"end_char": 339,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"hospital"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 370,
"end_char": 373,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0446380",
"start_char": 375,
"end_char": 393,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"coronal",
"transverse"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 398,
"end_char": 412,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0700124",
"start_char": 448,
"end_char": 455,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"dilated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231242",
"start_char": 462,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"complicated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205234",
"start_char": 497,
"end_char": 502,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"focal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0729333",
"start_char": 508,
"end_char": 515,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"dynamic"
]
}
] |
44/b6/PMC5122407/oncotarget-07-38513-g002.jpg | Gadoxeticacid-enhanced liver MRI of a 36-year-old female with uveal melanoma (A) Precontrast T1-weighted image. (B) Post-contrast portal venous phase T1-weighted image. (C) Subtraction image (portal venous phase – precontrast T1 weighted image). (D) T2 weighted image. Segment 2 lesion (4.2 cm, arrowheads) displays positive enhancement on the subtraction image and intermediate high T2 signal intensity (SI), whereas segment 8 lesion (4.5 cm, arrows) displays negative enhancement and low T2 SI. (E) CT scan image at the same level obtained 2 months later. The segment 2 lesion (arrowheads) size has increased to 6.0 cm, whereas segment 8 lesion (arrows) is still 4.3 cm. (F) Histopathological examination [hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain ×200] of liver biopsy obtained from the segment 2 lesion revealed tumor cells with abundant intra-cytoplasmic melanin pigments (arrows), consistent with malignant melanoma. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 16,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0412694",
"start_char": 25,
"end_char": 34,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"liver",
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 56,
"end_char": 62,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0025202",
"start_char": 74,
"end_char": 82,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"melanoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 106,
"end_char": 114,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 128,
"end_char": 132,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 169,
"end_char": 177,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2348589",
"start_char": 191,
"end_char": 208,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"subtraction",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 248,
"end_char": 262,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 275,
"end_char": 289,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441635",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 300,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"segment",
"2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1446409",
"start_char": 341,
"end_char": 349,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 350,
"end_char": 361,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2348589",
"start_char": 369,
"end_char": 386,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"subtraction",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0871362",
"start_char": 412,
"end_char": 428,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"signal",
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0871362",
"start_char": 431,
"end_char": 433,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"si"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441635",
"start_char": 445,
"end_char": 454,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"segment",
"8"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 455,
"end_char": 461,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205160",
"start_char": 491,
"end_char": 499,
"start_token": 111,
"end_token": 112,
"tokens": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 500,
"end_char": 511,
"start_token": 112,
"end_token": 113,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
}
] |
3c/ed/PMC3655306/kjr-14-493-g001.jpg | Retropharyngeal spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma in 69-year-old woman. A. Ultrasonography (left: right side of neck, right: left side of neck) shows large heterogeneous mass (arrows) in both lateral sides of neck, and diffuse hyperechogenecity with multiple linear or band-shaped hypoechoic portions. B. Contrast-enhanced axial CT image shows huge and relatively well defined, minimal enhancing mass, including multifocal low attenuated areas (-15 to -40 Hounsfield unit). Mass is located in retropharyngeal space extending to both lateral sides of neck. Adjacent structures are displaced by tumor, with no evidence of invasion. C-G. On magnetic resonance imaging, mass is observed to have diffusely hypointense signal on T1-weighted image (WI) (C) and hyperintense signal on fat saturated T2WI (D). There are multifocal areas of high signal intensity within mass on T1WI which showed signal loss on fat saturated T2WI (arrows). Mass extends up to soft palate level cranially and thoracic inlet level caudally on sagittal T2WI (E). Fat saturated gadolinium-enhanced axial (F) and coronal (G) T1WI show exceedingly heterogeneous enhancing mass. H. Surgical specimen shows well-circumscribed and lobulated mass with thin fibrous capsule. I. Most of tumor contains spindle shaped cells in collagenous background. Between spindle cells, mature adipose tissue and characteristic floret-like multinucleated cells are present (Hematoxylin & Eosin staining; original magnification, × 10). J. Spindle tumor cells are positive for CD34 (immunohistochemical staining; original magnification, × 10). K. Mature fat cells are positive for S-100 protein. In contrast, spindle cells have no immunoreactivity for S-100 protein (immunohistochemical staining; original magnification, × 10). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205823",
"start_char": 31,
"end_char": 49,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"ple",
"##omorphic",
"lip",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 69,
"end_char": 74,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 79,
"end_char": 94,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"ultrasonography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230074",
"start_char": 104,
"end_char": 122,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"right",
"side",
"of",
"neck"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230075",
"start_char": 132,
"end_char": 149,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"left",
"side",
"of",
"neck"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 164,
"end_char": 182,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205093",
"start_char": 202,
"end_char": 209,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"lateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027530",
"start_char": 219,
"end_char": 223,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"neck"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205219",
"start_char": 229,
"end_char": 236,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"diffuse"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439064",
"start_char": 260,
"end_char": 275,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"multiple",
"linear"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0175723",
"start_char": 279,
"end_char": 283,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"band"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332479",
"start_char": 286,
"end_char": 292,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"shaped"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 317,
"end_char": 325,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 328,
"end_char": 336,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 337,
"end_char": 342,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0547040",
"start_char": 392,
"end_char": 399,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"minimal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 410,
"end_char": 414,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205292",
"start_char": 426,
"end_char": 436,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"multifocal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 492,
"end_char": 496,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 107,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227147",
"start_char": 511,
"end_char": 532,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 116,
"tokens": [
"retro",
"##pha",
"##ry",
"##ng",
"##eal",
"space"
]
}
] |
34/50/PMC6071566/MCS002998Fom_F1.jpg | Preoperative MRI/MRA imaging and tissue histology of a patient with a large congenital scalp hemangioma. (A,B) MR imaging of the brain with and without gadolinium, demonstrating a large extracranial contrast enhancing lesion in the left temporal area; axial and coronal T1-weighted post-gadolinium MR images shown; (C–E) axial, coronal, and sagittal reconstructions of the 3T time-of-flight MR angiogram images, demonstrating the arterial supply of patient's congenital scalp hemangioma arising from superior temporal and occipital arteries; (F,G) 20× images of H&E stains of congenital hemangioma showing dense fibrous stroma with large irregular vessels. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 12,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 13,
"end_char": 16,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040300",
"start_char": 35,
"end_char": 41,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019638",
"start_char": 42,
"end_char": 51,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"histology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0235753",
"start_char": 78,
"end_char": 105,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"congenital",
"scalp",
"hemangi",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006104",
"start_char": 134,
"end_char": 139,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"brain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016911",
"start_char": 157,
"end_char": 167,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"gadolinium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 223,
"end_char": 229,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 258,
"end_char": 263,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 281,
"end_char": 289,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 290,
"end_char": 294,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016911",
"start_char": 297,
"end_char": 307,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"gadolinium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 336,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 343,
"end_char": 350,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 356,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0524865",
"start_char": 365,
"end_char": 380,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"reconstructions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2610507",
"start_char": 403,
"end_char": 409,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"flight"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0003842",
"start_char": 449,
"end_char": 457,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"arterial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0235753",
"start_char": 480,
"end_char": 507,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"congenital",
"scalp",
"hemangi",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0442043",
"start_char": 530,
"end_char": 538,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"temporal"
]
}
] |
e5/08/PMC10668945/j_jou.2023.0037_fig_004.jpg | Imaging of the musculocutaneous nerve using 24 MHz linear transducer. A. Photograph of the right arm demonstrates the probe position for short-axis US imaging of the musculocutaneous nerve in the upper arm. B. Long-axis grayscale ultrasound (US) image of the musculocutaneous nerve demonstrates a uniform nerve caliber with normal nerve echogenicity and fascicular echotexture (arrows). C. Long-axis grayscale US image in a 37-year-old male with palpable abnormality in the arm and occasional pain. There is an ovoid echogenic lesion (arrow) along the expected course of the musculocutaneous nerve splaying the biceps and brachialis muscles. D. Long-axis color Doppler US image of the lesion demonstrates increased Doppler flow (arrow), consistent with a moderately vascular solid lesion. MR neurography images of the same patient through the mass, including E. axial T2W FS and F. coronal T1-weighted (T1W) FS post contrast images confirm the location of the lesion (arrow) along the musculocutaneous nerve course with a proximal tail sign (upper arrow on F). Pathology showed a schwannoma | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0026855",
"start_char": 15,
"end_char": 37,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"muscul",
"##ocutaneous",
"nerve"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0556962",
"start_char": 47,
"end_char": 50,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"mhz"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040661",
"start_char": 51,
"end_char": 68,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"linear",
"transducer"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441468",
"start_char": 73,
"end_char": 83,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"photograph"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230346",
"start_char": 91,
"end_char": 100,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"right",
"arm"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0182400",
"start_char": 118,
"end_char": 123,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"probe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0733755",
"start_char": 124,
"end_char": 132,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"position"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1282927",
"start_char": 137,
"end_char": 142,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"short"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004457",
"start_char": 145,
"end_char": 149,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"axis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026855",
"start_char": 168,
"end_char": 190,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"muscul",
"##ocutaneous",
"nerve"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205166",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"long"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004457",
"start_char": 219,
"end_char": 223,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"axis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2827990",
"start_char": 224,
"end_char": 233,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"gray",
"##sc",
"##ale"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 234,
"end_char": 244,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026855",
"start_char": 265,
"end_char": 287,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"muscul",
"##ocutaneous",
"nerve"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205166",
"start_char": 398,
"end_char": 402,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"long"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004457",
"start_char": 405,
"end_char": 409,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"axis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2827990",
"start_char": 410,
"end_char": 419,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"gray",
"##sc",
"##ale"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0086582",
"start_char": 450,
"end_char": 454,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"male"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0521114",
"start_char": 496,
"end_char": 506,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 107,
"tokens": [
"occasional"
]
}
] |
b8/ff/PMC9514433/jksr-83-432-g001.jpg | A 44-year-old female with the primary colonic epithelioid angiosarcoma with hepatic metastasis. A. Initial axial and coronal contrast-enhanced abdominal CT images show a heterogeneously enhancing irregular mass (arrows) in the distal ascending colon with pericolic fat infiltration. Focal luminal narrowing of the ascending colon and feces filled distension of the proximal colon are also seen. B. Follow-up axial liver dynamic MRI after 4 months shows newly developed diffusely scattered numerous ill-defined small T2 subtle hyperintense nodules in both hepatic lobes with peripheral and nodular marked arterial hyperenhancement and diffusion restriction (arrows, more than indicated). C. Cut section of the gross specimen reveals an ill-defined transmural gray-white lesion (arrow). Low-power view shows an ill-defined transmural infiltrative tumor with surface ulceration (arrow, H&E stain, × 1.25). High-power view reveals irregular vascular channels lined by atypical cells (arrowheads, H&E stain, × 200) that are positive on immunohistochemical staining for CD31 (stained in brown) (arrowheads, × 200). D. Follow-up axial contrast-enhanced abdominal CT image after 6 months shows diffusely scattered numerous small nodules in both hepatic lobes with peripheral and nodular marked hyperenhancement and central hypoattenuation (arrows, more than indicated) that are newly appeared compared to pre-operative abdominal CT. Furthermore, loculated fluid collection in the subcapsular area of the liver is newly observed. ADC = apparent diffusion coefficient, AP = arterial phase, DWI = diffusion-weighted imaging, H&E = hematoxylin and eosin, op = operation, T2WI = T2-weighted image | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0334538",
"start_char": 42,
"end_char": 74,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"colonic",
"epitheli",
"##oid",
"angio",
"##sa",
"##rc",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0494165",
"start_char": 80,
"end_char": 98,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"hepatic",
"metastasis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 111,
"end_char": 116,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 140,
"end_char": 148,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1268646",
"start_char": 176,
"end_char": 191,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous",
"##ly"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205271",
"start_char": 202,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"irregular",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205108",
"start_char": 235,
"end_char": 241,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"distal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227375",
"start_char": 242,
"end_char": 257,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"ascending",
"colon"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0442135",
"start_char": 263,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"peric",
"##olic",
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332448",
"start_char": 277,
"end_char": 289,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"infiltration"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205234",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 296,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"focal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227375",
"start_char": 322,
"end_char": 337,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"ascending",
"colon"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015733",
"start_char": 342,
"end_char": 347,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"feces"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1708059",
"start_char": 348,
"end_char": 354,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"filled"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012359",
"start_char": 355,
"end_char": 365,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"distension"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205107",
"start_char": 373,
"end_char": 387,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"proximal",
"colon"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 418,
"end_char": 423,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231218",
"start_char": 508,
"end_char": 511,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"ill"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1704788",
"start_char": 514,
"end_char": 521,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"defined"
]
}
] |
ef/cf/PMC10232944/gr1.jpg | Preoperative CT and MRI. Preoperative images are shown. The tumor (*), demonstrating markedly low signal intensity on MRI T2WI and accompanied by a peritumoral cyst (arrowheads) anteriorly with marked edema (A). CT, revealing a high-density lesion without calcification (B) and iso intensity on MRI T1WI (C) with good enhancement by gadolinium-based contrast-medium in axial (D), sagittal (E), and coronal sections (F). The tumor, touching the falx cerebri, but a dural tail sign is absent (arrows). The lesion, showing low intensity on DWI (G), and cystic contents with signal intensity differing from cerebrospinal fluid on FLAIR coronal section (H). The SSS is patent; no tumor staining or feeding vessels are visible on 4D-TRAK MRI (I). Abbreviations: CT: computed tomography, DWI: diffusion weighted image: FLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; SSS: superior sagittal sinus; TRAK: time-resolved angiography using keyhole; WI: weighted image. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 12,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 13,
"end_char": 15,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 20,
"end_char": 23,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 25,
"end_char": 37,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0871362",
"start_char": 100,
"end_char": 116,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"signal",
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 120,
"end_char": 123,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3897941",
"start_char": 150,
"end_char": 166,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"peri",
"##t",
"##umor",
"##al",
"cyst"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0013604",
"start_char": 205,
"end_char": 210,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"edema"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0178587",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 248,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"density"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 249,
"end_char": 255,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006660",
"start_char": 264,
"end_char": 277,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"calcification"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 305,
"end_char": 308,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016911",
"start_char": 345,
"end_char": 355,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"gadolinium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1527178",
"start_char": 358,
"end_char": 363,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"based"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 364,
"end_char": 372,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009458",
"start_char": 375,
"end_char": 381,
"start_token": 77,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"medium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 385,
"end_char": 390,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 398,
"end_char": 406,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 446,
"end_char": 451,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439815",
"start_char": 453,
"end_char": 461,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"touch",
"##ing"
]
}
] |
3e/9a/PMC9887179/fonc-12-1063109-g004.jpg | A 28-year-old male with neck pain for 12 months, worsened and accompanied with radiating pain in right upper extremity, shoulder and back, numbness in right hand for six months. Preoperative imaging examination showed a irregular and osteolytic lesion located in C4-6 with scoliosis. GTR was panned, but he underwent STR for strong adhesion between tumor and dural sac, which was revealed during the operation. CT and MRI scans revealed soft tissue mass and osteolytic lesion of local progression at 3-month follow-up after surgery (arrows in F,G). He underwent radiotherapy. The lesion was stable with partial osteogenesis in 24-month follow-up after radiotherapy with new bone (arrow in H). (A): Preoperative X-ray; (B,C): Preoperative axial and coronal CT scans; (D): T1-weighted axial contrast enhanced MRI scan; (E): Postoperative X-ray; (F): Axial CT scan at 3-month follow-up after surgery; (G): T2-weighted axial MRI scan in 3rd month after surgery; (H): Axial CT scan at 24-month follow-up after radiotherapy. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0086582",
"start_char": 18,
"end_char": 22,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"male"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007859",
"start_char": 28,
"end_char": 37,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"neck",
"pain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1457868",
"start_char": 53,
"end_char": 61,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"worsened"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0234254",
"start_char": 83,
"end_char": 97,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"radi",
"##ating",
"pain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230329",
"start_char": 101,
"end_char": 122,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"right",
"upper",
"extremity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037004",
"start_char": 124,
"end_char": 132,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"shoulder"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004600",
"start_char": 137,
"end_char": 141,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"back"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0020580",
"start_char": 143,
"end_char": 151,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"numb",
"##ness"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230370",
"start_char": 155,
"end_char": 165,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"right",
"hand"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 182,
"end_char": 194,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205271",
"start_char": 224,
"end_char": 233,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"irregular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302313",
"start_char": 238,
"end_char": 255,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"oste",
"##olytic",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009516",
"start_char": 267,
"end_char": 273,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"c4",
"-",
"6"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036439",
"start_char": 279,
"end_char": 288,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"scoliosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0598994",
"start_char": 323,
"end_char": 326,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"str"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001511",
"start_char": 338,
"end_char": 346,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"adhesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 355,
"end_char": 360,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0543467",
"start_char": 406,
"end_char": 415,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"operation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0917711",
"start_char": 424,
"end_char": 433,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"mri",
"scans"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225317",
"start_char": 443,
"end_char": 454,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"soft",
"tissue"
]
}
] |
a2/58/PMC2698088/kjr-4-194-g001.jpg | Sclerosing stromal tumor of the left ovary in a 16-year-old girl. A. Peripheral arc-like vessels with a vertically oriented centripetal vascular network (the so-called "spoke-wheel appearance") in an oval-shaped left adnexal mass are clearly demonstrated at power Doppler ultrasonography. B. Axial T1-weighted MR image depicts a left adnexal mass (arrows). The peripheral portion of the mass is slightly hyperintense relative to muscle, and the central portion is hypointense. C. Axial T2-weighted MR image shows a slightly hyperintense peripheral portion relative to muscle, and a hyperintense central portion with a peripheral low signal rim. Slight ascites is present (*). D. Sagittal gradient-echo (GE) image obtained 40 seconds after the administration of Gd-DTPA reveals strong enhancement of the peripheral portion of the mass. E. Sagittal GE image obtained 140 seconds after demonstrates progressive centripetal enhancement (arrows). F. At the sectioned surface of the tumor, a central whitish edematous and collagenous area (arrowheads) is visible, and this is surrounded by yellowish solid tissue, with a whitish ovarian capsule at its outermost rim. G. Microscopic image of the cellular portion reveals an admixture of fibroblasts (arrows) and rounded vascuolated cells (curved arrows), and prominent thin-walled vessels (arrowheads) are noticeable (H&E staining, ×200). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0036429",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 10,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"scler",
"##osing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0879615",
"start_char": 11,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"stromal",
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227874",
"start_char": 32,
"end_char": 42,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"left",
"ovary"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 60,
"end_char": 68,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"old",
"girl"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205100",
"start_char": 73,
"end_char": 83,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"peripheral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005847",
"start_char": 95,
"end_char": 102,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"vessels"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0330333",
"start_char": 179,
"end_char": 184,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"spoke"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1710669",
"start_char": 187,
"end_char": 192,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"wheel"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0233426",
"start_char": 193,
"end_char": 203,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"appearance"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1709367",
"start_char": 214,
"end_char": 218,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"oval"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332479",
"start_char": 221,
"end_char": 227,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"shaped"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 245,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 288,
"end_char": 303,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"ultrasonography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 308,
"end_char": 313,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 319,
"end_char": 327,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0149614",
"start_char": 347,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"left",
"ad",
"##nex",
"##al",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 407,
"end_char": 411,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026845",
"start_char": 449,
"end_char": 455,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"muscle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 500,
"end_char": 505,
"start_token": 107,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 511,
"end_char": 519,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 111,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
}
] |
2c/45/PMC4924994/elife-14845-fig6-figsupp1.jpg | Ephrinb2 expression is increased and correlates inversely with patient survival in mesenchymal human GBM. (a) Representative MRI scans (Case 7) illustrating methodology for the identification of the infiltrative edge of the tumours. The extent of neoplastic infiltration of the cortical ribbon and white matter is assessed at structural MRI, on the T2-weighted FLAIR sequences (left scan) as compared to the T1-weighted post-contrast images (right scan); the axial T1-weighted post-contrast image shows focal enhancement following administration of the paramagnetic agent gadolinium; the area of contrast enhancement indicating disruption of the blood brain barrier appears as a brighter spot and it is indicated by the asterisk. The whole mount tissue section stained with H&E of the right frontal lobe (bottom) has the same orientation as the MRI scans and it allows extensive mapping of the infiltrative edge of the lesion. The asterisk indicates the same regions that enhanced after gadolinium administration. (b) Top panel: Sorted variance of Verhaak et al Mesenchymal subtype signature genes across 8 GNS lines. Colored lines indicate low variance genes removed at different cutoff values. Grey dotted line indicates the variance of EFNB2 expression. Bottom panel: Mean z-score expression of high variance mesenchymal marker genes at different cuttoff points. Removing low variance tumor derived mesenchymal marker genes that are non-informative in GNS lines, with a variance below 0.05 (Red line, Top panel), improves the correlation of sample mean mesenchymal expression estimates across a range of increasing variance cutoff points. (c) Relative mRNA expression levels of EFNB2 in the four GBM subtypes of the TCGA dataset. Levels are calculated relative to the average expression levels of EFNB2 in all tumours. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test. (d) Kaplan Meier analysis of mesenchymal, proneural, neural and classical glioblastoma subtypes stratified on EFNB2 levels defined as above (high) and below (low) the median EFNB2 levels for each subtype. Proneural tumours are corrected for IDH1 status. n = 128 for mesenchymal, 116 for proneural, 61 for neural and 126 for classical GBM. (e) Western analysis of Ephrin-B2 levels in G19, G26 and G166 human GSC transduced with control (SCR) or Efnb2 specific (shRNA) lentiviral shRNA constructs. n = 3. (f) FACS profiles of EphrinB2 expression in G26 SCR and G26 shEfnb2 cells transduced with empty vector control plasmid (Ctl) or EFNB2 overexpression constructs (EFNB2). Quantification of soft agar assays on G26 shEFNB2-Ctrl and G26 shEFNB2-EFNB2 cells. Percentage of cells forming colonies over total number of cells is shown. Dashed line indicates mean % of colonies formed in parental G26 SCR cells. Error bars denote s.e.m. Student t-test. n = 4. (h) Quantification of clonal efficiency of G19 and G26 transduced with either SCR and shEFNB2 cells and cultured at limiting dilution. Note that EFNB2 downregulation does not affect clonogenicity of the cells. Error bars denote s.e.m. Student t-test. n = 3. See also Figure 6—figure supplement 1—source data 1. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14845.030 | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0017262",
"start_char": 9,
"end_char": 19,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"expression"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038952",
"start_char": 63,
"end_char": 79,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"patient",
"survival"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1513143",
"start_char": 83,
"end_char": 94,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"mesenchymal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0917711",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 136,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"mri",
"scans"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0969625",
"start_char": 161,
"end_char": 172,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"methodology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0020792",
"start_char": 181,
"end_char": 195,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"identification"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 228,
"end_char": 235,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"tumours"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1709956",
"start_char": 282,
"end_char": 297,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"cortical",
"ribbon"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0682708",
"start_char": 302,
"end_char": 314,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"white",
"matter"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1516048",
"start_char": 318,
"end_char": 326,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"assessed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0678594",
"start_char": 330,
"end_char": 340,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"structural"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 353,
"end_char": 355,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 416,
"end_char": 418,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 421,
"end_char": 429,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 434,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 437,
"end_char": 445,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 485,
"end_char": 493,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 494,
"end_char": 498,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 501,
"end_char": 509,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205234",
"start_char": 522,
"end_char": 527,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"focal"
]
}
] |
98/77/PMC9792132/fimmu-13-1073094-g001.jpg | Imaging and pathological examination of the patient before treatment (tumor marked in red arrow). (A–C) Abdominal MRI revealed a soft tissue mass in the gastric cardia and multiple scattered nodules in the liver, (A) Coronal imaging of the lesion on liver, (B) Sagittal imaging of the lesion on liver, (C) Sagittal imaging of the lesion on gastric cardia. (D) Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings before treatment. The posterior wall of the cardia showed surrounding eminence and central ulcerative lesions with an area of 1.8 × 1.8 cm. (E) PET-CT showed uneven thickening of the gastric wall in the cardia area, as well as multiple nodules in the liver. (F–I) Pathological examination of gastric biopsy specimen confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. (F) H&E, × 200. (G) Ki67, × 200. (H) P16, ×100. (I) P53, × 100. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C4086729",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 36,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"pathological",
"examination"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 71,
"end_char": 76,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225317",
"start_char": 135,
"end_char": 146,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"soft",
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 147,
"end_char": 151,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007144",
"start_char": 159,
"end_char": 173,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"gastric",
"cardi",
"##a"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439064",
"start_char": 178,
"end_char": 186,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"multiple"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439742",
"start_char": 187,
"end_char": 196,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"scattered"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0028259",
"start_char": 197,
"end_char": 204,
"start_token": 37,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"nodules"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023884",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 217,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"liver"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 248,
"end_char": 254,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023884",
"start_char": 258,
"end_char": 263,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"liver"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 295,
"end_char": 301,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023884",
"start_char": 305,
"end_char": 310,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"liver"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 318,
"end_char": 334,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"imaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 342,
"end_char": 348,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007144",
"start_char": 352,
"end_char": 366,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"gastric",
"cardi",
"##a"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0079278",
"start_char": 380,
"end_char": 406,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"gastrointestinal",
"endoscopy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2607943",
"start_char": 407,
"end_char": 415,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"findings"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0442071",
"start_char": 438,
"end_char": 452,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"posterior",
"wall"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007144",
"start_char": 460,
"end_char": 466,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"cardi",
"##a"
]
}
] |
6d/89/PMC4720801/kjr-17-142-g001.jpg | Chordoid glioma in 34-year-old man. A. Axial unenhanced CT showing hyperattenuated mass compressing frontal horn of right lateral ventricle. Note small calcification (arrow) in periphery of mass. B. Sagittal T1-weighted (upper left panel) and axial T2-weighted (upper central panel) images showing isointense lobulated mass (arrows) relative to cerebral cortex in anterior third ventricle. Axial susceptibility-weighted image (upper right panel) showing no evidence of intratumoral hemorrhage. Sagittal (lower left panel), axial (lower central panel), and coronal (lower right panel) post-contrast T1-weighted images showing strong enhancing main tumor with lobulated margin (arrows) in anterior part of third ventricle and smaller enhancing masses (arrowheads) along wall of lateral ventricles and fourth ventricle. C. CBV map of perfusion MRI showing elevated CBV within tumor (arrows) in third ventricle. D. Photomicrograph of hematoxylin and eosin stained slide showing solid cellular components composed of clusters and cords of epithelioid tumor cells (arrows) within variable mucinous stroma (original magnification × 400). CBV = cerebral blood volume E, F. Photomicrographs of immunostained slides for GFAP (E) and CD 34 (F) showing diffuse and strong expression in tumor cells (dark yellow and brown colors) (original magnification × 400). GFAP = glial-fibrillary acid protein | [
{
"umls_cui": "C1322252",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 15,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"chord",
"##oid",
"glioma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0025266",
"start_char": 35,
"end_char": 38,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"man"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332161",
"start_char": 71,
"end_char": 86,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"hyper",
"##att",
"##en",
"##uated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 87,
"end_char": 91,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0149554",
"start_char": 104,
"end_char": 119,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"frontal",
"horn",
"of"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228160",
"start_char": 120,
"end_char": 143,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"right",
"lateral",
"ventricle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006660",
"start_char": 150,
"end_char": 169,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"small",
"calcification"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1622967",
"start_char": 183,
"end_char": 192,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"periphery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 196,
"end_char": 200,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 219,
"end_char": 227,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 264,
"end_char": 272,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517605",
"start_char": 312,
"end_char": 322,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"iso",
"##int",
"##ense"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007776",
"start_char": 361,
"end_char": 376,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"cerebral",
"cortex"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 380,
"end_char": 388,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 406,
"end_char": 411,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012655",
"start_char": 412,
"end_char": 426,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"susceptibility"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 429,
"end_char": 437,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029163",
"start_char": 489,
"end_char": 512,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"intratumoral",
"hemorrhage"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 514,
"end_char": 522,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 545,
"end_char": 550,
"start_token": 109,
"end_token": 110,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
}
] |
5c/ba/PMC7774811/rlu-46-148-g002.jpg | On MRI, the vertebral lesion shows isointensity relative to the muscle on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity accompanying vascular flow voids on T2-weighted images (A, arrows). Histological diagnosis was derived from the biopsy of the lesion. Hematoxylin-eosin stain of the specimen shows a vascular proliferation composed predominantly of well-formed capillary channels lined by epithelioid endothelial cells that appeared to protrude into the vascular lumina (B). Immunohistochemical staining reveals that the endothelial cells were positive for CD31 (C). The diagnosis of an epithelioid hemangioma (EH) of the bone is made, and RCC is a clear cell cancer. Considering a history of large RCC and the osteolytic appearances and FDG uptake of an EH in this case, EH can be clinically and radiologically confused with a malignant bone tumor, especially vertebral metastasis. Epithelioid hemangioma is a rare intermediate vascular tumor with a ubiquitous location, including soft tissue and bone. The World Health Organization recommends separating EH from conventional hemangiomas because of its local aggression and high recurrence. There are several reports of high FDG accumulation of the vertebral hemangiomas. To our knowledge, only one report showed high uptakes of FDG in EHs of skeletal lesions. The FDG uptake in EH can be caused by its characteristics of high cellularity and local aggression. In this case, the SUVmax of the vertebra was more than twice as high as RCC. The uptake was too high for metastasis of RCC: the uptake of RCC was relatively low because of the lower glucose metabolism. In addition, MRI indicated the vascular lesion showing high intensity and flow voids on T2-weighted images. This case highlights the potential to misdiagnose vertebral EH as metastasis from RCC on FDG PET/CT. Nonetheless, the careful interpretation of SUVmax and MRI can help differentiating the lesion from metastasis from RCC, even if we could not make the diagnosis of EH. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 3,
"end_char": 6,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0877400",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 28,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"vertebral",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026845",
"start_char": 64,
"end_char": 70,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"muscle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 74,
"end_char": 76,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 79,
"end_char": 87,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5667489",
"start_char": 99,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"hyperint",
"##ensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0232338",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 140,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"vascular",
"flow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 150,
"end_char": 152,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 155,
"end_char": 163,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0679557",
"start_char": 186,
"end_char": 208,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"histological",
"diagnosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005558",
"start_char": 230,
"end_char": 236,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 244,
"end_char": 250,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0523207",
"start_char": 252,
"end_char": 277,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"hematoxylin",
"-",
"eosin",
"stain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0370003",
"start_char": 285,
"end_char": 293,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"specimen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0700080",
"start_char": 302,
"end_char": 324,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"vascular",
"proliferation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205431",
"start_char": 358,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"formed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014603",
"start_char": 393,
"end_char": 404,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"epitheli",
"##oid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225336",
"start_char": 405,
"end_char": 422,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"endothelial",
"cells"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021044",
"start_char": 481,
"end_char": 509,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"immunohistochemical",
"staining"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225336",
"start_char": 527,
"end_char": 544,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"endothelial",
"cells"
]
}
] |
1f/97/PMC3590340/kjr-14-278-g001.jpg | Tumor, pathology, treatments and follow-up CT. Intravenous contrast enhanced CT of mass. Axial view (A, arterial phase) at level of renal vein demonstrates huge mass (white arrow) involving inferior vena cava and partially surrounding left renal vein. Coronal reconstruction (B, venous phase) shows normal corticomedullary enhancement bilaterally, confirming normal function of both kidneys (white arrow). Histology and immunohistochemistry of leiomyo-sarcoma in inferior vena cava. H&E (C, × 200) stain reveals spindle cells (white arrow). Tumor is positive for desmin (D, × 400, brown) indicating leiomyosarcoma deriving from smooth muscle. E. Precontrast follow-up CT three months after two sessions of 125I implantation. Tumor size has markedly decreased and disappeared almost completely. Note high density spots of 125I seeds (white arrow). Balloon angioplasty for inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis eight months after 2nd session of 125I seeds implantation. Inferior vena cavography before angioplasty (F) demonstrates stenosis and partial IVC obstruction, with retroperitoneal collateral circulation (white arrow) in keeping with IVC thrombosis. View after cavoplasty (G) shows almost normal lumen of IVC segment. H. Enhanced follow-up CT of 33 months after 2nd session of 125I seeds implantation. CT scan reveals disappearance of tumor without significant caval stenosis or thrombosis. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 5,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 7,
"end_char": 16,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"pathology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0348016",
"start_char": 49,
"end_char": 60,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"intravenous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 85,
"end_char": 89,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1650870",
"start_char": 91,
"end_char": 101,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"axial",
"view"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441889",
"start_char": 127,
"end_char": 132,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"level"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0035092",
"start_char": 136,
"end_char": 146,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"renal",
"vein"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 165,
"end_char": 169,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042458",
"start_char": 196,
"end_char": 214,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"inferior",
"vena",
"cava"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0508001",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 256,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"left",
"renal",
"vein"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0020912",
"start_char": 258,
"end_char": 280,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"coronal",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 331,
"end_char": 342,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4296962",
"start_char": 367,
"end_char": 382,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"normal",
"function"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022646",
"start_char": 391,
"end_char": 398,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"kidneys"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019638",
"start_char": 416,
"end_char": 425,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"histology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021044",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 450,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"immunohistochemistry"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1261473",
"start_char": 464,
"end_char": 471,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"sarcoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042458",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 493,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"inferior",
"vena",
"cava"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038128",
"start_char": 514,
"end_char": 519,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"stain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0682540",
"start_char": 528,
"end_char": 541,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"spindle",
"cells"
]
}
] |
2c/aa/PMC10959911/13244_2024_1656_Fig1_HTML.jpg | Osteoid osteoma of the base of the proximal phalanx of the first toe in a 55-year-old female patient. Histologically, the nidus is composed of a central area of vascularised fibrous tissue containing osteoblasts, surrounded by an area of sclerotic bone (A, B). Radiographs of the right foot in lateral (C) and AP (D) projections show a juxta-articular geographic osteolytic lesion with a thin sclerosed border with a lack of surrounding reactive sclerosis (arrow). Native and contrast MRI of the same foot (E–H). T2-weighted FS axial, coronal and sagittal MR images (E–G) depict oval hyperintense lesion with surrounding bone marrow oedema, periosteal reaction and oedema of surrounding soft tissues (arrow). Coronal T1-weighted FS image after intravenous application of gadolinium shows peripheral contrast enhancement of the lesion (arrow) and surrounding periost (H) | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0029441",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 15,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"oste",
"##oid",
"oste",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0178499",
"start_char": 23,
"end_char": 27,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"base"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205107",
"start_char": 35,
"end_char": 43,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"proximal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018534",
"start_char": 59,
"end_char": 68,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"first",
"toe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 90,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"female"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205462",
"start_char": 106,
"end_char": 120,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"histologically"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1628997",
"start_char": 126,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"nid",
"##us"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042382",
"start_char": 165,
"end_char": 177,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"vascular",
"##ised"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225331",
"start_char": 178,
"end_char": 192,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"fibrous",
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029418",
"start_char": 204,
"end_char": 215,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"osteoblasts"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1282914",
"start_char": 217,
"end_char": 227,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"surrounded"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036429",
"start_char": 242,
"end_char": 251,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"scler",
"##otic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005931",
"start_char": 252,
"end_char": 256,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"bone"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1306645",
"start_char": 267,
"end_char": 278,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"radiographs"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230460",
"start_char": 286,
"end_char": 299,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"right",
"foot",
"in"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205093",
"start_char": 300,
"end_char": 307,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"lateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016538",
"start_char": 327,
"end_char": 338,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"projections"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205117",
"start_char": 346,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"juxt",
"##a"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022417",
"start_char": 354,
"end_char": 363,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"articular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332268",
"start_char": 429,
"end_char": 433,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"lack"
]
}
] |
bb/41/PMC8685407/fneur-12-747072-g0001.jpg | (A–D) Preoperative MRI scan (axial, coronal, sagittal T1-weighted with gadolinium, and T2-weighted) showed adult multifocal glioblastoma. (F–I) Postoperative MRI showed complete tumor removal and relief of peritumoral edema. (E,J) During the surgery, the tumor tissue was stained yellowish green under the fluorescein mode of the microscope and was demarcated from normal brain tissue. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 10,
"end_char": 22,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 23,
"end_char": 31,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"mri",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 34,
"end_char": 39,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 41,
"end_char": 48,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 50,
"end_char": 58,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 64,
"end_char": 72,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016911",
"start_char": 78,
"end_char": 88,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"gadolinium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 94,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 99,
"end_char": 107,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001675",
"start_char": 117,
"end_char": 122,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"adult"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2985170",
"start_char": 123,
"end_char": 146,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"multifocal",
"glioblastoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032790",
"start_char": 158,
"end_char": 171,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"postoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0749736",
"start_char": 192,
"end_char": 205,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"removal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0564405",
"start_char": 210,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"relief"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4054192",
"start_char": 220,
"end_char": 237,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"peri",
"##t",
"##umor",
"##al",
"edema"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038894",
"start_char": 259,
"end_char": 266,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"surgery"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475358",
"start_char": 272,
"end_char": 284,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0060520",
"start_char": 323,
"end_char": 339,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"fluorescein",
"mode"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0181839",
"start_char": 347,
"end_char": 357,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"microscope"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0440746",
"start_char": 389,
"end_char": 401,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"brain",
"tissue"
]
}
] |
55/6e/PMC10253496/jcm-12-03693-g001.jpg | Case presentation demonstrating CT-guided biopsy and surgical management in spondylodiscitis. This figure shows a patient from our cohort who suffered from spondylodiscitis with concomitant spinal epidural empyema and psoas abscess left; the 74-year-old patient was pretreated externally with calculated antibiotics (ceftriaxone, flucloxacillin, and metronidazole) and had paraparesis of the legs and sepsis; risk factors were a BMI greater than 35 kg/m and diabetes mellitus with chronic malum perforans pedis. Blood cultures were initially obtained from two different peripheral regions, followed immediately with microsurgical decompression with abscess evacuation and application of a suction-irrigation drainage system. CT-guided drainage of the psoas abscess was performed on the first postoperative day, whereas Staphelococcus aureus was detected only in blood culture and subsequently treated with flucloxacillin and rifampicin. Due to increasing bone destruction, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) was performed at L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/4, and L4/L5 level. The patient was moved from the intensive care unit to the normal ward and mobilized at ward level. (A) Preoperative sagittal T1-weighted fat-saturated contrast-enhanced MRI image of the lumbar spine shows the epidural abscess in the spinal canal at L2–L4 level, marked with arrows. (B) Preoperative sagittal T2-weighted MRI image, arrows show spondylodiscitis at L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/L4, and L4/L5 level. (C) preoperative coronal T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery (T2w-STIR) MRI image, arrow shows a psoas abscess on the left. (D) Preoperative sagittal reformated CT image, arrow shows bone destruction mainly at the level of L4/L5. (E1) Preoperative axial T1-weighted fat-saturated contrast-enhanced MRI image, arrow shows psoas abscess. (E2) Preoperative axial T2-weighted fat-saturated MRI image with arrow pointing to psoas abscess on the left. (F–H): Illustration of CT-guided puncture of a left psoas abscess in three steps in an axial CT image. (F) Planning CT, (G) needle puncture, and (H) insertion of a suction-irrigation drain. Partially imaged central venous catheter in the iliac vein (G,H). (I) Postoperative axial CT image showing the regreening of the psoas abscess after draining the abscess. (J,K) A postoperative lateral (J) and anteroposterior (K) radiograph after performing TLIF spondylodesis from L1 to L5. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0449450",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 17,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"case",
"presentation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 32,
"end_char": 34,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0456853",
"start_char": 37,
"end_char": 50,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"guided",
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1515089",
"start_char": 55,
"end_char": 74,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"surgical",
"management"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012624",
"start_char": 78,
"end_char": 94,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"spondyl",
"##odi",
"##sc",
"##itis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0599755",
"start_char": 133,
"end_char": 139,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"cohort"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012624",
"start_char": 158,
"end_char": 174,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"spondyl",
"##odi",
"##sc",
"##itis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0521115",
"start_char": 180,
"end_char": 191,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"concomitant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0085222",
"start_char": 220,
"end_char": 233,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"pso",
"##as",
"abscess"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0444686",
"start_char": 300,
"end_char": 310,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"calculated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0003232",
"start_char": 311,
"end_char": 322,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"antibiotics"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007561",
"start_char": 325,
"end_char": 336,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"ceftriaxone"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016267",
"start_char": 338,
"end_char": 352,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"fluc",
"##lo",
"##xa",
"##cil",
"##lin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0025872",
"start_char": 358,
"end_char": 371,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"metronidazole"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221166",
"start_char": 382,
"end_char": 393,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"parap",
"##ares",
"##is"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1140621",
"start_char": 401,
"end_char": 405,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"legs"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036690",
"start_char": 410,
"end_char": 416,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"sepsis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0035648",
"start_char": 419,
"end_char": 431,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"risk",
"factors"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0011849",
"start_char": 470,
"end_char": 487,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"diabetes",
"mellitus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0200949",
"start_char": 524,
"end_char": 538,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"blood",
"cultures"
]
}
] |
24/27/PMC8426229/259_2021_5261_Fig5_HTML.jpg | The only patient with a false-negative PSMA-PET/MRI in our cohort. A 62-year-old patient with a PSA of 11.38 ng/ml. Top images from left to right are prostate MRI sequences T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images and fused PET/MRI showing a PIRADS 5 lesion in the anterior transition zone (arrows) with no PSMA uptake. Bottom left image shows the representative pathology map with biopsy results including two cores with clinically significant cancer in the lesion area (red dots, ISUP grade group 2 tumor with length up to 10 mm) and many cores with clinically insignificant cancer (blue dots). Remaining bottom images show one of the biopsy cores with clinically significant cancer. The tumor is outlined in hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and PSMA-IHC (overview and magnification), showing a virtually PSMA-negative tumor. Bars represent 2.5 mm in the H&E and PSMA-IHC images and 100 μm in the PSMA-IHC magnified image | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205237",
"start_char": 24,
"end_char": 29,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"false"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205160",
"start_char": 32,
"end_char": 40,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0067685",
"start_char": 41,
"end_char": 45,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"psma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031268",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 51,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"pet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 54,
"end_char": 57,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0599755",
"start_char": 65,
"end_char": 71,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"cohort"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0203120",
"start_char": 163,
"end_char": 175,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"prostate",
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 191,
"end_char": 199,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012222",
"start_char": 204,
"end_char": 213,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"diffusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 216,
"end_char": 231,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"weighted",
"images"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0699952",
"start_char": 236,
"end_char": 241,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"fused"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031268",
"start_char": 242,
"end_char": 245,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"pet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 248,
"end_char": 251,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 271,
"end_char": 277,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517912",
"start_char": 285,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"anterior",
"transition",
"zone"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0067685",
"start_char": 329,
"end_char": 333,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"psma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 385,
"end_char": 398,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"pathology",
"map"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005558",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 410,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2985739",
"start_char": 444,
"end_char": 466,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"clinically",
"significant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 481,
"end_char": 487,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
}
] |
1c/26/PMC10528398/diagnostics-13-03012-g002.jpg | Hypermetabolic nodular activities are noted in the common bile duct and duodenopancreatic area (A, red arrow), and left axillary area (A, white arrow) on the maximal-intensity projection image of the 18F-FDG PET/CT. Hypermetabolic enlarged lymph nodes are noted in the fusion axial image (B, white arrow). No abnormal hypermetabolic activity was observed in the liver or lungs. Although diffuse uptake was observed in the spleen, no specific abnormalities were detected on contrast-enhanced abdominal CT and MRI imaging. This finding was presumed to be related to the patient’s underlying anemia, and it required further confirmation during follow-up. Furthermore, there was no evidence of splenic metastasis during follow-up. Moderately hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the left axillary area were difficult to exclude metastasis completely. An excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes was performed because the treatment was changed from surgery to systemic therapy based on the presence or absence of distant metastases. Histological reports revealed the presence of adenocarcinoma, which was consistent with metastasis from CBD cancer. An H&E-stained slide of the axillary lymph node showing metastatic carcinoma (C). Accordingly, the patient’s treatment plan was modified; further, gemcitabine, cisplatin, and paclitaxel regimens were administered, resulting in a partial response with good performance. Subsequently, a surgical procedure (a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy) was performed. The patient survived for 2 years and 1 month after the diagnosis. Although there have been recurrences after surgery, the patient is currently maintaining a stable status through palliative chemotherapy. Metastasis is a hallmark of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Although many advances have been made in understanding metastasis, it is not yet fully understood [1]. The liver is the most common (11.9–23.2%) distant metastatic site of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and metastases are known to be diagnosed in the lung, distant lymph nodes, bone, or brain [2]. Distant metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes from the primary tumor in the abdomen is rare. In particular, it is rarely discovered at the time of diagnosis except in cases with extensive lymph node metastasis to the abdomen or distant metastasis to other organs [3]. The case of recurrence due to axillary metastasis during post-operative follow-up is also very rare, thereby warranting a case report [4]. One case has been reported in which a patient with metastases to the abdominal and axillary lymph nodes, for whom the primary cancer origin could not be identified, was diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through a postmortem examination [5]. As with any type of cancer, accurate staging is essential for the selection of an appropriate treatment and a favorable prognosis. If distant metastases are not recognized and local treatment is performed, especially in patients being considered for surgery based on suspected primary tumor and regional lymph node involvement, appropriate treatment is delayed, and the patient’s prognosis is inevitably poor. In the current patient, surgical treatment was feasible only when an abdominal CT scan and MRI were initially performed. However, following the 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, axillary lymph node metastasis was suspected, leading to the confirmation of distant metastasis through tissue examination. As a result, the treatment approach shifted to systemic therapy, and the patient responded to the treatment. 18F-FDG PET/CT is known to effectively diagnose distant metastases in various cancers [6], and many reported cases have highlighted its ability to detect metastases in unexpected locations [7,8,9]. A previous study showed that for approximately 15% of patients with suspected and potentially operable cholangiocarcinoma, treatment altered with 18F-FDG PET/CT scans [10]. However, there have been no reported cases of axillary lymph node metastasis without other distant metastases identified during the staging process in patients with CBD cancer who are being considered for surgery. Herein, we emphasize the importance of determining treatment through an accurate diagnosis before surgery, elucidating a case in which unexpected distant axillary lymph node metastasis was discovered following 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who was scheduled for surgery. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0342952",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 14,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"hyperm",
"##eta",
"##bo",
"##lic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005400",
"start_char": 58,
"end_char": 67,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"bile",
"duct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0491974",
"start_char": 100,
"end_char": 109,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"red",
"arrow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205289",
"start_char": 162,
"end_char": 169,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"maximal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0522510",
"start_char": 172,
"end_char": 181,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016538",
"start_char": 182,
"end_char": 198,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"projection",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302995",
"start_char": 206,
"end_char": 209,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"18f"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0046056",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 215,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"fdg"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031268",
"start_char": 216,
"end_char": 219,
"start_token": 49,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"pet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009778",
"start_char": 222,
"end_char": 224,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"ct"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0342952",
"start_char": 226,
"end_char": 240,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"hyperm",
"##eta",
"##bo",
"##lic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024204",
"start_char": 250,
"end_char": 261,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"lymph",
"nodes"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023884",
"start_char": 374,
"end_char": 379,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"liver"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024109",
"start_char": 383,
"end_char": 388,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"lungs"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205219",
"start_char": 399,
"end_char": 406,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"diffuse"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0243144",
"start_char": 407,
"end_char": 413,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"uptake"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037993",
"start_char": 434,
"end_char": 440,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"spleen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0442726",
"start_char": 473,
"end_char": 481,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"detected"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 485,
"end_char": 493,
"start_token": 104,
"end_token": 105,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 496,
"end_char": 504,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 107,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
}
] |
e8/ce/PMC8811062/41598_2022_5831_Fig3_HTML.jpg | Indolent enhancing spinal lesion (IESL)—Case 3. An 11-year-old boy had a germ cell tumor over the thalamus to the hypothalamus (a,b). He had completed radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Seventeen years after the initial diagnosis, follow-up spinal MRI revealed enhancing lesions in the lumbosacral region on sagittal contrast-enhanced T1WI (c, arrow). Progressive changes in the lesions over the whole spine were observed one year later (d–f). These lesions appeared well enhanced on contrast-enhanced T1WI (d,g) with hypointensity on T1WI (e) and T2WI (f,h). A target enhancement pattern was also identified (d, black arrow). CT-guided biopsy of the L4 lesion revealed nearly normal hematopoiesis (H&E staining) (i,j). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0234227",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 8,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"indole",
"##nt"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0870221",
"start_char": 71,
"end_char": 74,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"boy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205851",
"start_char": 81,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"germ",
"cell",
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0039729",
"start_char": 106,
"end_char": 114,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"thalamus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0020663",
"start_char": 122,
"end_char": 134,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"hypothalamus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034619",
"start_char": 162,
"end_char": 174,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"radiotherapy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0013216",
"start_char": 179,
"end_char": 191,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"chemotherapy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0443289",
"start_char": 261,
"end_char": 269,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"revealed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 280,
"end_char": 287,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"lesions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024094",
"start_char": 295,
"end_char": 313,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"lum",
"##bos",
"##acr",
"##al",
"region"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 317,
"end_char": 325,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 326,
"end_char": 334,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 337,
"end_char": 345,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205329",
"start_char": 365,
"end_char": 376,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392747",
"start_char": 377,
"end_char": 384,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"changes"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 392,
"end_char": 399,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"lesions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439751",
"start_char": 409,
"end_char": 420,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"whole",
"spine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 467,
"end_char": 474,
"start_token": 101,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"lesions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 501,
"end_char": 509,
"start_token": 106,
"end_token": 107,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 512,
"end_char": 520,
"start_token": 108,
"end_token": 109,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
}
] |
35/a9/PMC3909842/kjr-15-114-g003.jpg | 41-year-old woman presented with incidental radiographic abnormality in right tibia during evaluation of tingling sensation in right foot. A. Lateral radiograph shows mix of bubbly osteolytic and sclerotic lesions (arrows) with indistinct borders on anterior tibial cortex. B, C. Coronal T1- and T2-weighted images show heterogeneously intermediate signal lesions (arrows) in diaphysis of right tibia. D. Sagittal fat-suppressed T2-weighted image shows lesion with multifocal nodular hyperintensities (arrows), corresponding to osteolytic foci in radiography. E. Axial T1-weighted image shows heterogeneously intermediate signal in lesion (arrows) replacing entire medullary cavity. F. Axial T2-weighted image also shows heterogeneously intermediate signals of lesion (arrows). G. On axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image, mass exhibits heterogeneous enhancement pattern with nodular enhancing foci (arrows). H. Irregular trabeculae (T) of immature bones have osteoblastic rimming (arrows) and are surrounded by fibrous stroma (S) without cytologic atypia (H&E stain, original magnification × 200). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 16,
"end_char": 21,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817321",
"start_char": 76,
"end_char": 87,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"right",
"tibia"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0220825",
"start_char": 95,
"end_char": 105,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"evaluation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030554",
"start_char": 109,
"end_char": 117,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"tin",
"##gl",
"##ing"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036658",
"start_char": 118,
"end_char": 127,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"sensation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230460",
"start_char": 131,
"end_char": 141,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"right",
"foot"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1306645",
"start_char": 146,
"end_char": 164,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"lateral",
"radiograph"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1518633",
"start_char": 185,
"end_char": 195,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 37,
"tokens": [
"oste",
"##olytic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036429",
"start_char": 200,
"end_char": 209,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"scler",
"##otic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 210,
"end_char": 217,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"lesions"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 256,
"end_char": 264,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 303,
"end_char": 305,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 308,
"end_char": 316,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0242696",
"start_char": 387,
"end_char": 396,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"diaph",
"##ysis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817321",
"start_char": 400,
"end_char": 411,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"right",
"tibia"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1260953",
"start_char": 431,
"end_char": 441,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"suppressed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 442,
"end_char": 444,
"start_token": 88,
"end_token": 89,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 447,
"end_char": 455,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 468,
"end_char": 474,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
}
] |
b5/55/PMC9357451/2188-4226-9-0217-g001.jpg |
A–D Preoperative images obtained at the first hospital. The paranasal sinus. CT returned no abnormal finding at the maxillary (A) and the sphenoid sinus (B). MRI scans (C–D): T2 axial view (C), T1 sagittal view after contrast medium injection (D). Neither image shows abnormal finding at the sphenoid sinus.
E–M Preoperative images obtained at our hospital at the time of craniopharyngioma recurrence. CT shows an iso-dense lesion and no bone destruction at the sphenoid sinus (E). MRI (T2, axial view) (F) at the sphenoid sinus detected a mixed intensity lesion. MRI (T1, coronal view) (G) shows an iso- and high-density lesion. Contrast-enhanced T1 (coronal view) (H) and sagittal (I) images showing homogenous mucosal enhancement. MRI (T2 coronal view) (J) and the contrast-enhanced (T1 coronal view) (K) scans reveal a tumor encasing the left internal carotid artery. The fused image with venography (L) and the CTA scan (M) reveal no aneurysm at the laterally pushed left internal carotid artery.
| [
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 6,
"end_char": 18,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019994",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 56,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"hospital"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030471",
"start_char": 62,
"end_char": 77,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"paran",
"##asal",
"sinus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024947",
"start_char": 118,
"end_char": 127,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"maxillary"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037885",
"start_char": 142,
"end_char": 156,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"sph",
"##enoid",
"sinus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0917711",
"start_char": 164,
"end_char": 173,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"mri",
"scans"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 189,
"end_char": 194,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 210,
"end_char": 218,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 230,
"end_char": 245,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"contrast",
"medium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021485",
"start_char": 246,
"end_char": 255,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"injection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037885",
"start_char": 307,
"end_char": 321,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"sph",
"##enoid",
"sinus"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 329,
"end_char": 341,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019994",
"start_char": 365,
"end_char": 373,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"hospital"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0010276",
"start_char": 389,
"end_char": 406,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"cranio",
"##pha",
"##ry",
"##ng",
"##ioma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034897",
"start_char": 407,
"end_char": 417,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"recurrence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1668248",
"start_char": 431,
"end_char": 434,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"iso"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439794",
"start_char": 437,
"end_char": 442,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"dense"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 443,
"end_char": 449,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0238790",
"start_char": 457,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"bone",
"destruction"
]
}
] |
9f/fa/PMC10482384/NXI-2023-000213f2.jpg | Cervical and Thoracic MRI and Biopsy of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesion (A) Sagittal T2 STIR and (B) axial T2 of the patient's cervical spine showed an expansile T2-hyperintense lesion from C3-C6 that was left-sided predominant. There was normal signal intensity on the (C) sagittal T1-weighted sequence of the expanded cervical cord lesion. (D) The sagittal T1 postcontrast sequence demonstrated enhancement of the cervical cord lesion (yellow arrow). (E) Sagittal T2 STIR of the thoracic spine showed another T2-hyperintense lesion (yellow arrow) in the left aspect of the thoracic cord from T2-T4, which was not enhancing on the (F) thoracic sagittal T1 postcontrast sequence. (G) This H&E-stained section shows an infiltrate of mildly atypical glial cells without mitoses, vascular proliferation, or necrosis. (H) An H3F3A H27M immunostain was positive in the atypical cells, and next-generation sequencing confirmed the presence of this mutation, consistent with the diagnosis of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, WHO. grade 4. Scale bars in A and B are 20 μm. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0027530",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 8,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"cervical"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005558",
"start_char": 30,
"end_char": 36,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0457846",
"start_char": 40,
"end_char": 67,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"cervical",
"spinal",
"cord",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 74,
"end_char": 82,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1883171",
"start_char": 86,
"end_char": 90,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"stir"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 101,
"end_char": 106,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0728985",
"start_char": 129,
"end_char": 143,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"cervical",
"spine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475373",
"start_char": 164,
"end_char": 166,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 182,
"end_char": 188,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0446413",
"start_char": 194,
"end_char": 196,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"c3"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0446416",
"start_char": 199,
"end_char": 201,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"c6"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1542147",
"start_char": 224,
"end_char": 235,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"predominant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0871362",
"start_char": 254,
"end_char": 270,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"signal",
"intensity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0235656",
"start_char": 332,
"end_char": 352,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"cervical",
"cord",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 364,
"end_char": 375,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 78,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 411,
"end_char": 422,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0235656",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 450,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"cervical",
"cord",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 483,
"start_token": 98,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1883171",
"start_char": 487,
"end_char": 491,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 101,
"tokens": [
"stir"
]
}
] |
36/38/PMC9637650/gr1.jpg | Example of total scapulectomy with suspensoplasty. Tumor invading the entire scapula: frontal MRI section (T2 STIR, A) with hyper signal lesion in the scapula, axial section (T1, B) with lesion of the body of the scapula in hyposignal and sagittal section (T1, C) with hyper signal lesion. Resection of the entire scapula visualized on the 3D CT scan (D) and postoperative radiograph (E) associated with resection of the trapezius, deltoid and posterior superior cuff and suspension with anchors. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; 3D, 3-dimensional; CT, computed tomography. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0186454",
"start_char": 11,
"end_char": 29,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"total",
"scap",
"##ule",
"##ct",
"##omy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 51,
"end_char": 56,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1281575",
"start_char": 70,
"end_char": 84,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"entire",
"scap",
"##ula"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1883171",
"start_char": 112,
"end_char": 116,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"stir"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1710082",
"start_char": 133,
"end_char": 139,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"signal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 140,
"end_char": 146,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036277",
"start_char": 154,
"end_char": 161,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"scap",
"##ula"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 192,
"end_char": 198,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0242821",
"start_char": 206,
"end_char": 210,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"body"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0935598",
"start_char": 244,
"end_char": 260,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"sagittal",
"section"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1710082",
"start_char": 282,
"end_char": 288,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"signal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015252",
"start_char": 297,
"end_char": 306,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"resection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1281575",
"start_char": 314,
"end_char": 328,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"entire",
"scap",
"##ula"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1442459",
"start_char": 347,
"end_char": 349,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"3d"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332281",
"start_char": 399,
"end_char": 414,
"start_token": 92,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"associated",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0015252",
"start_char": 415,
"end_char": 424,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"resection"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0224361",
"start_char": 432,
"end_char": 441,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 99,
"tokens": [
"trapez",
"##ius"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0224234",
"start_char": 443,
"end_char": 450,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 102,
"tokens": [
"delt",
"##oid"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205095",
"start_char": 455,
"end_char": 464,
"start_token": 103,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"posterior"
]
}
] |
a5/be/PMC3830426/ci13003408.jpg | Olfactory neuroblastoma (ethesioneuroblastoma). Axial (A), sagittal (B) and coronal (C) images from a contrast-enhanced CT examination demonstrate an enhancing mass lesion centred on the right cribriform plate extending intracranially (white arrows) into the anterior cranial fossa and the right nasal cavity. (D) Sagittal T1-weighted image from an MRI scan in the same patient showing the right nasal cavity mass extending into the anterior cranial fossa. Biopsy confirmed an olfactory neuroblastoma. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0206717",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 23,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 2,
"tokens": [
"olfactory",
"neuroblastoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206717",
"start_char": 26,
"end_char": 46,
"start_token": 3,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"eth",
"##esi",
"##one",
"##uro",
"##blast",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 50,
"end_char": 55,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 63,
"end_char": 71,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 82,
"end_char": 89,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 110,
"end_char": 118,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 121,
"end_char": 129,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031809",
"start_char": 133,
"end_char": 144,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"examination"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0746408",
"start_char": 170,
"end_char": 181,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"mass",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0524466",
"start_char": 230,
"end_char": 244,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"intracranial",
"##ly"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 271,
"end_char": 279,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230042",
"start_char": 280,
"end_char": 293,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"cranial",
"fossa"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4245850",
"start_char": 302,
"end_char": 320,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 63,
"tokens": [
"right",
"nasal",
"cavity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 342,
"end_char": 350,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 365,
"end_char": 373,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"mri",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205094",
"start_char": 449,
"end_char": 457,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"anterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230042",
"start_char": 458,
"end_char": 471,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"cranial",
"fossa"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005558",
"start_char": 473,
"end_char": 479,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"biopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206717",
"start_char": 493,
"end_char": 516,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"olfactory",
"neuroblastoma"
]
}
] |
9a/bc/PMC6722078/41467_2019_11951_Fig2_HTML.jpg | Kidney pathology analysis and neuroimaging. Light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of kidney sections of patients with GON7 (a, b) or YRDC mutations (c, d). a Individual A.II-3 displays a retracted glomerulus with a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesion at the vascular pole (black arrow) and tubular dilations (black star) (PAS; ×200 magnification). b Individual B.II-4 displays diffuse mesangial sclerosis with tiny, retracted and sclerosed glomeruli (black arrow) with dilated tubes surrounded by flat epithelial cells (black star) and interstitial fibrosis (H&E; ×400 magnification). c Individual F.II-1 displays a marked glomerular tuft collapsing (arrowhead) surrounded by a layer of enlarged and vacuolized podocytes (black arrows) (PAS stain; ×400 magnification, scale bar, 10 µm). d TEM of individual G.II-1 shows diffuse foot process effacement (FPE; black arrow), a classical hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, along a glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with abnormal folded and laminated segments (yellow stars), alternating with others with normal appearance. P podocyte, RBC red blood cell. Scale bar, 2 µm. Brain MRI of patients with GON7 (e, f) and YRDC mutations (i–n). e, f Brain MRI abnormalities in individual B.II-4 at 5 years. Sagittal T1-weighted image (e) shows important cortical subtentorial atrophy as well as corpus callosal (arrow) and cerebellar atrophy (arrowhead). The axial T2-weighted image (f) shows abnormal myelination and ventricular dilatation (red arrow). g, h Brain MRI of a 5-year old control showing sagittal T1 (g) and axial T2 (h) weighted images. i–l Brain MRI abnormalities in individual F.II-1 at 5 months (i, j) and 11 months (k, l). Sagittal T2-weighted image shows normal pattern at 5 months (i) evolving to a progressive major cerebellar (arrowhead) and cortical atrophy with a very thin corpus callosum (arrow) at 11 months (k). The axial T2-weighted image is normal at 5 months (j) but shows a very marked abnormality of myelination and cortical atrophy (red arrow) at 11 months (l). m, n Brain MRI abnormalities in individual G.II-2 at 1 month. Sagittal T2 (m) and axial T2 (n) weighted images show gyral anomalies with marked frontal gyral simplification (red arrow) and myelination delay | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0022646",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 6,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"kidney"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0679575",
"start_char": 30,
"end_char": 42,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"neuroimaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0678118",
"start_char": 54,
"end_char": 86,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"transmission",
"electron",
"microscopy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0678118",
"start_char": 89,
"end_char": 92,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"tem"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021313",
"start_char": 98,
"end_char": 113,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"kidney",
"sections"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4320392",
"start_char": 131,
"end_char": 135,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"gon",
"##7"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1823895",
"start_char": 148,
"end_char": 152,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"yr",
"##dc"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0026882",
"start_char": 153,
"end_char": 162,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"mutations"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027361",
"start_char": 175,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 39,
"tokens": [
"individual"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332523",
"start_char": 207,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"retr",
"##acted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0022663",
"start_char": 217,
"end_char": 227,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 50,
"tokens": [
"glomerul",
"##us"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0333497",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 269,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"segmental",
"glomerul",
"##osclerosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 270,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005847",
"start_char": 284,
"end_char": 297,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"vascular",
"pole"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0011892",
"start_char": 338,
"end_char": 348,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"black",
"star"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205219",
"start_char": 413,
"end_char": 420,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"diffuse"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0268747",
"start_char": 421,
"end_char": 440,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"mesangial",
"sclerosis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332523",
"start_char": 452,
"end_char": 461,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"retr",
"##acted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1282914",
"start_char": 521,
"end_char": 531,
"start_token": 108,
"end_token": 109,
"tokens": [
"surrounded"
]
}
] |
c5/a9/PMC5467287/CRIONM2017-6195898.001.jpg | (a) An axial high-resolution chest CT scan showed extensive bronchovascular bundle and septal thickening and a consolidative mass in the upper lobe of the right lung; these findings are consistent with the lymphangitic spread of the tumor. (b) The gross pathological findings of the lung and pleura at autopsy showing multiple pleural nodules and masses on the pleural surface. The lung parenchyma is encased by tumor growth and the lymphatic spread of the tumor is observed. (c) Light microscopy of the resected pleural tumor. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as epithelioid-type malignant pleural mesothelioma. The marked invasion of the lymphatic vessel by tumor cells was observed (hematoxylin and eosin staining, ×100). (d) On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells were positive for calretinin, a mesothelial cell marker. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 9,
"end_char": 14,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1514893",
"start_char": 22,
"end_char": 32,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"resolution"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2326513",
"start_char": 64,
"end_char": 86,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"bronch",
"##ovascular",
"bundle"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2676460",
"start_char": 91,
"end_char": 108,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"septal",
"thickening"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225756",
"start_char": 141,
"end_char": 151,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"upper",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225706",
"start_char": 159,
"end_char": 169,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"right",
"lung"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2607943",
"start_char": 178,
"end_char": 186,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"findings"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332290",
"start_char": 191,
"end_char": 206,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"consistent",
"with"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024225",
"start_char": 211,
"end_char": 223,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"lymphangi",
"##tic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 238,
"end_char": 243,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2607943",
"start_char": 274,
"end_char": 282,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"findings"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024109",
"start_char": 290,
"end_char": 294,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 56,
"tokens": [
"lung"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032225",
"start_char": 299,
"end_char": 305,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"ple",
"##ura"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004398",
"start_char": 309,
"end_char": 316,
"start_token": 60,
"end_token": 61,
"tokens": [
"autopsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0747647",
"start_char": 334,
"end_char": 349,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"pleural",
"nodules"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005938",
"start_char": 354,
"end_char": 360,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"masses"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0819757",
"start_char": 389,
"end_char": 404,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"lung",
"parenchyma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0598934",
"start_char": 419,
"end_char": 431,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"growth"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0229889",
"start_char": 440,
"end_char": 449,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"lymphatic"
]
}
] |
2d/96/PMC9561742/gr1.jpg | Radiologic and pathologic images of 13-month-old patient with scrotal fibrous hamartoma of infancy. a.) Longitudinal greyscale scrotal ultrasound demonstrating tubular soft tissue structure in the scrotal sac inferior to the right testis. b.) Transverse ultrasound image of the right scrotum at the palpable abnormality demonstrates an echogenic lesion with internal Doppler flow. c.) Axial T1 FS postcontrast image demonstrates homogenous enhancement of the lesion with thickening of the adjacent skin. d.) Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stain reveals classic triphasic morphology composed of bundles of bland fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (asterisks), admixed with mature adipocytes (triangle) and primitive myxoid mesenchyme (arrow). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0034599",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 10,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"radiologic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0265979",
"start_char": 66,
"end_char": 91,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 18,
"tokens": [
"scr",
"##otal",
"fibrous",
"ham",
"##art",
"##oma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0231330",
"start_char": 95,
"end_char": 102,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"infancy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0225317",
"start_char": 165,
"end_char": 194,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"tubular",
"soft",
"tissue",
"structure"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0736905",
"start_char": 202,
"end_char": 213,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"scr",
"##otal",
"sac"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0542339",
"start_char": 214,
"end_char": 222,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"inferior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227997",
"start_char": 230,
"end_char": 242,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"right",
"testis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 260,
"end_char": 276,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0036471",
"start_char": 284,
"end_char": 297,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"right",
"scr",
"##ot",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4697723",
"start_char": 342,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"echo",
"##genic"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 392,
"end_char": 397,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1711375",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 422,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"postc",
"##ont",
"##ras",
"##t",
"image"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4698330",
"start_char": 436,
"end_char": 446,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"homogenous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 447,
"end_char": 458,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 466,
"end_char": 472,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205400",
"start_char": 478,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"thickening"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205117",
"start_char": 496,
"end_char": 504,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"adjacent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0444099",
"start_char": 505,
"end_char": 509,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"skin"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014448",
"start_char": 530,
"end_char": 535,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"eosin"
]
}
] |
85/07/PMC10864149/jksr-85-197-g001.jpg | Imaging and pathologic findings of tuberculous pericarditis mimicking a malignant pericardial tumor in a 77-year-old patients. A. The chest radiography shows the presence of mild cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusion. B. CE axial and coronal chest CT images with mediastinum window setting show an infiltrative nodular and mass-like lesion along the pericardium with peripheral enhancement. Pericardial thickening and moderate bilateral pleural effusion are also noted. Several prominent or enlarged lymph nodes were observed in the mediastinal and cardiophrenic spaces (not shown). C. Axial MR images of the heart show multiple nodular lesions along the pericardium, isointense to hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted images. On the T1-weighted FS image, they show high signal intensity and peripheral rim enhancement after gadolinium administration. The lesions show diffusion restriction on a higher b-value DWI (b = 800 s/mm2) and the ADC map. D. PET/CT transaxial fusion images show avid FDG uptake in the pericardium. E. Histopathological examination shows inflammatory infiltration around necrosis (arrowhead) (left). There are diffuse infiltration of epithelioid cells (arrow) and lymphocytes in fibrous tissue (right). F. Follow-up chest CT axial images after 4 months show an overall decrease in the extent of diffuse infiltrative nodular lesions. The overall size of several prominent or enlarged lymph nodes was also decreased (not shown). ADC = apparent diffusion coefficient, CE = contrast-enhanced, DWI = diffusion-weighted image, FS = fat-suppressed, H&E = hematoxylin and eosin | [
{
"umls_cui": "C1316210",
"start_char": 12,
"end_char": 31,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"pathologic",
"findings"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031049",
"start_char": 35,
"end_char": 59,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"tuberc",
"##ulous",
"peric",
"##ardi",
"##tis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205282",
"start_char": 72,
"end_char": 81,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"malignant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0039985",
"start_char": 138,
"end_char": 155,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"chest",
"radiography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392148",
"start_char": 166,
"end_char": 174,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"presence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018800",
"start_char": 178,
"end_char": 195,
"start_token": 33,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"mild",
"cardio",
"##me",
"##gal",
"##y"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0238767",
"start_char": 200,
"end_char": 209,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"bilateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032227",
"start_char": 210,
"end_char": 226,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"pleural",
"effusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 234,
"end_char": 239,
"start_token": 46,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4527217",
"start_char": 308,
"end_char": 328,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"infiltr",
"##ative",
"nodular"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 333,
"end_char": 337,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 345,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031050",
"start_char": 362,
"end_char": 373,
"start_token": 69,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"peric",
"##ardium"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205081",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 438,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"moderate"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0238767",
"start_char": 439,
"end_char": 448,
"start_token": 79,
"end_token": 80,
"tokens": [
"bilateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032227",
"start_char": 449,
"end_char": 465,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"pleural",
"effusion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205402",
"start_char": 490,
"end_char": 499,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"prominent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0442800",
"start_char": 503,
"end_char": 511,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"enlarged"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024204",
"start_char": 512,
"end_char": 523,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"lymph",
"nodes"
]
}
] |
81/0f/PMC9432390/jksr-82-207-g001.jpg | Presacral bronchogenic cyst in a 40-year-old male, which was incidentally found in a screening ultrasound. A. Trans-abdominal ultrasound reveals an 8 cm × 9.3 cm × 8.7 cm unilocular cystic mass located in the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder. There was no vascular flow in the mass. B. Contrast-enhanced axial, coronal, and sagittal CT show a homogeneously attenuated, less than 25 Hounsfield unit, cystic mass without calcification or enhancing portion. The mass is located in the retroperitoneum, among the rectum, sacrum, and left iliac vessels, resulting in a right lateral deviation of the rectum. C. The retroperitoneal cystic lesion was dissected and was found to contain a yellow colored fluid. Photograph of the gross specimen demonstrates the hemorrhagic and irregular surface of the tumor. D. Microscopically, the cystic mass is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with submucosal seromucinous glands (right, H&E stain, × 100). Interspersed goblet cells (arrows) are noted in the high power insert (left, H&E stain, × 400). H&E = hematoxylin and eosin | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0086582",
"start_char": 49,
"end_char": 53,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"male"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0558141",
"start_char": 114,
"end_char": 119,
"start_token": 27,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"trans"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0000726",
"start_char": 122,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"abdominal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 132,
"end_char": 142,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0746405",
"start_char": 190,
"end_char": 201,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"cystic",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205095",
"start_char": 217,
"end_char": 226,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"posterior"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042027",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 248,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"urinary"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005682",
"start_char": 249,
"end_char": 256,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"bladder"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0232338",
"start_char": 271,
"end_char": 284,
"start_token": 62,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"vascular",
"flow"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 292,
"end_char": 296,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 301,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 312,
"end_char": 320,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 321,
"end_char": 326,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 328,
"end_char": 335,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 341,
"end_char": 349,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332161",
"start_char": 374,
"end_char": 384,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"attenuated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0746405",
"start_char": 416,
"end_char": 427,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"cystic",
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006660",
"start_char": 436,
"end_char": 449,
"start_token": 97,
"end_token": 98,
"tokens": [
"calcification"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830314",
"start_char": 453,
"end_char": 462,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"enhancing"
]
}
] |
bf/91/PMC7872335/JBM4-5-e10438-g001.jpg | Key radiologic imaging and histology sections from our patient with tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO). Top panel: (A) 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc MDP) bone scan shows increased uptake in bilateral anterior/posterior ribs, bilateral sternoclavicular joints, right proximal intertrochanteric femur, inferior sternum, multiple bilateral lumbar transverse processes, right posterior scapula, posterior elements along upper thoracic spine, posterior elements along lumbosacral junction, right posterior sacrum, bilateral ankles, likely bilateral mid‐feet. Overall impression: Extensive multifocal regions with increased uptake likely representing subacute, remodeling, or other active stress fractures. Middle panel: (B) Computed tomography/fluorodeoxyglucose ‐positron emission tomography (CT/FDG PET) scan shows an area of suprapatellar enhancement that was suspicious for a TIO locus (C) Sagittal MR image showing the patient's hypermetabolic lesion measuring 1.7 cm in largest dimension in the left suprapatellar recess, and corresponding to hypermetabolic area on PET/CT. Bottom panel: (D) suprapatellar tumor surgical pathology specimen stained with H&E: Pattern is consistent with phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. Arrow indicates multinucleated giant cells. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C3897780",
"start_char": 4,
"end_char": 22,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"radiologic",
"imaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019638",
"start_char": 27,
"end_char": 36,
"start_token": 4,
"end_token": 5,
"tokens": [
"histology"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0007876",
"start_char": 37,
"end_char": 45,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"sections"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 68,
"end_char": 75,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"tumor",
"‐"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205263",
"start_char": 76,
"end_char": 83,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"induced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0029442",
"start_char": 84,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"oste",
"##omal",
"##acia"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1274103",
"start_char": 99,
"end_char": 102,
"start_token": 17,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"ti",
"##o"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0054666",
"start_char": 138,
"end_char": 147,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 32,
"tokens": [
"methylene"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0203668",
"start_char": 176,
"end_char": 185,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"bone",
"scan"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0243144",
"start_char": 202,
"end_char": 208,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"uptake"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4299002",
"start_char": 233,
"end_char": 247,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"posterior",
"rib",
"##s"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0038291",
"start_char": 249,
"end_char": 282,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 60,
"tokens": [
"bilateral",
"stern",
"##ocl",
"##avi",
"##cu",
"##la",
"##r",
"joints"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0238767",
"start_char": 351,
"end_char": 360,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"bilateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0581269",
"start_char": 440,
"end_char": 460,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"upper",
"thoracic",
"spine"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1562168",
"start_char": 509,
"end_char": 531,
"start_token": 100,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"right",
"posterior",
"sacr",
"##um"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0238767",
"start_char": 558,
"end_char": 567,
"start_token": 110,
"end_token": 111,
"tokens": [
"bilateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0016504",
"start_char": 574,
"end_char": 578,
"start_token": 113,
"end_token": 114,
"tokens": [
"feet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0489484",
"start_char": 588,
"end_char": 598,
"start_token": 116,
"end_token": 117,
"tokens": [
"impression"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205292",
"start_char": 611,
"end_char": 629,
"start_token": 119,
"end_token": 121,
"tokens": [
"multifocal",
"regions"
]
}
] |
5c/30/PMC9909542/fonc-13-1110045-g003.jpg |
(A–C) Preoperative sagittal, coronal, and transverse MRI images of L1 vertebral body tumors; (D, E) Preoperative transverse CT scan showed L1 vertebral body tumors; (F) H&E staining of adrenocortical carcinoma; (G–I) Immunohistochemical stainings for Inhibin a, SF-1 and Syn; (J) She had a history of adrenal tumor (4 points). Visceral metastases were not detectable (0 point). Bone metastases were isolated (1 point). Her total prognostic score was 5 points. So, we chose the surgical strategy of total piecemeal resection. The tumor was excised by total piecemeal resection, pedicle screws, titanium mesh and titanium rods were used to reconstruct the stability; (K, L) Postoperative X-ray; (M–O) Postoperative sagittal, transverse, and coronal MRI. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0009170",
"start_char": 4,
"end_char": 7,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 4,
"tokens": [
"–",
"c"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 10,
"end_char": 22,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 23,
"end_char": 31,
"start_token": 6,
"end_token": 7,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205123",
"start_char": 33,
"end_char": 40,
"start_token": 8,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"coronal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205106",
"start_char": 46,
"end_char": 56,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"transverse"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 57,
"end_char": 60,
"start_token": 12,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0445204",
"start_char": 107,
"end_char": 119,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"preoperative"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205106",
"start_char": 120,
"end_char": 130,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"transverse"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0487602",
"start_char": 185,
"end_char": 193,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"staining"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206686",
"start_char": 197,
"end_char": 221,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"adren",
"##ocortical",
"carcinoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0021463",
"start_char": 268,
"end_char": 275,
"start_token": 56,
"end_token": 58,
"tokens": [
"inhib",
"##in"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0812303",
"start_char": 290,
"end_char": 293,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"syn"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019664",
"start_char": 312,
"end_char": 319,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 73,
"tokens": [
"history"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001624",
"start_char": 323,
"end_char": 336,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"adrenal",
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4725861",
"start_char": 351,
"end_char": 370,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"visceral",
"metastases"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3830527",
"start_char": 380,
"end_char": 390,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"detectable"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0153690",
"start_char": 404,
"end_char": 419,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 93,
"tokens": [
"bone",
"metastases"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205409",
"start_char": 425,
"end_char": 433,
"start_token": 94,
"end_token": 95,
"tokens": [
"isolated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0449821",
"start_char": 457,
"end_char": 473,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 104,
"tokens": [
"prognostic",
"score"
]
}
] |
7f/52/PMC5977030/CRIS2018-6531610.001.jpg | (a) Colour Doppler ultrasound image showing a cystic lesion containing echogenic debris with no vascularity. (b) Sagittal contrast-enhanced CT image showing the cystic lesion located within the left kidney and the tail of the pancreas. (c) Axial T2-weighted MR image with fat suppression confirming the cystic nature of the lesion. Note: it is made of dependent low-signal intensity debris, in keeping with hemorrhagic content. (d) Coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR image showing only mild capsular enhancement but no enhancement within the cyst. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0041618",
"start_char": 21,
"end_char": 31,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"ultrasound"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1511606",
"start_char": 48,
"end_char": 61,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"cystic",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 117,
"end_char": 125,
"start_token": 23,
"end_token": 24,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 126,
"end_char": 134,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 137,
"end_char": 145,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1511606",
"start_char": 167,
"end_char": 180,
"start_token": 31,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"cystic",
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0227614",
"start_char": 200,
"end_char": 211,
"start_token": 36,
"end_token": 38,
"tokens": [
"left",
"kidney"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0039259",
"start_char": 220,
"end_char": 224,
"start_token": 40,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"tail"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030274",
"start_char": 232,
"end_char": 240,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"pancreas"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 248,
"end_char": 253,
"start_token": 48,
"end_token": 49,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 259,
"end_char": 267,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0728721",
"start_char": 282,
"end_char": 297,
"start_token": 55,
"end_token": 57,
"tokens": [
"fat",
"suppression"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 334,
"end_char": 340,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0851827",
"start_char": 363,
"end_char": 372,
"start_token": 71,
"end_token": 72,
"tokens": [
"dependent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1710082",
"start_char": 379,
"end_char": 385,
"start_token": 74,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"signal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0333275",
"start_char": 420,
"end_char": 439,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"hemorrhagic",
"content"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C2349975",
"start_char": 466,
"end_char": 474,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"enhanced"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0475372",
"start_char": 475,
"end_char": 477,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 480,
"end_char": 488,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
}
] |
6b/d7/PMC10272700/10.1177_15330338231171470-fig4.jpg | a. Axial T1-weighted sequence in a 38-year-old man with a 2-month history of Blurred vision with dizziness and vomiting, no-lobulated mass located in the parietal lobe, a well-circumscribed. b and e. Axial T2-weighted sequence and Coronal T2 – flair sequence showed the tumor is to be isointense to gray matter with massive peritumoral edema. c. T1WI enhancement sequence showed blurred tumor–brain interface. d. DWI signal of the lesion was not high. f. Pathological HE staining (20 × 10 magnification): the patient was diagnosed as transitional meningioma with brain invasion. The arrow shows the infiltrated brain tissue. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 3,
"end_char": 8,
"start_token": 2,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0025266",
"start_char": 53,
"end_char": 56,
"start_token": 14,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"man"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019664",
"start_char": 74,
"end_char": 81,
"start_token": 20,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"history"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0344232",
"start_char": 85,
"end_char": 99,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"bl",
"##urred",
"vision"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0012833",
"start_char": 105,
"end_char": 114,
"start_token": 26,
"end_token": 27,
"tokens": [
"dizziness"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0042963",
"start_char": 119,
"end_char": 127,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"vomiting"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0028128",
"start_char": 129,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"no"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 144,
"end_char": 148,
"start_token": 34,
"end_token": 35,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030560",
"start_char": 164,
"end_char": 177,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"parietal",
"lobe"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1282914",
"start_char": 188,
"end_char": 201,
"start_token": 44,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"circums",
"##cribed"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 212,
"end_char": 217,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 284,
"end_char": 289,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1517605",
"start_char": 299,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"iso",
"##int",
"##ense"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0018220",
"start_char": 313,
"end_char": 324,
"start_token": 72,
"end_token": 74,
"tokens": [
"gray",
"matter"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1627358",
"start_char": 365,
"end_char": 376,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"enhancement"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0004793",
"start_char": 377,
"end_char": 385,
"start_token": 87,
"end_token": 88,
"tokens": [
"sequence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006104",
"start_char": 409,
"end_char": 414,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"brain"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1710082",
"start_char": 433,
"end_char": 439,
"start_token": 99,
"end_token": 100,
"tokens": [
"signal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 447,
"end_char": 453,
"start_token": 102,
"end_token": 103,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
}
] |
1e/59/PMC7065852/cm9-133-626-g001.jpg | Representative image of the patient. (A–C) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis showed a mass compressing the rectum and prostate with clear boundaries. (D) Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed enhancing glucose metabolism (white circle) in the right pelvic cavity with invasion to the right spermatophore and rectum (E) No obvious abnormality could be seen in the chest X-ray. (F) The tumor was enclosed within a capsule and showed cystic changes and necrotic areas. (G) Metastatic lesion pathology showed vasoformative lesions (cap arrow) and multiple necrotic areas (rectangle) (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×100). (H–I) Immunohistochemical staining for the endothelial markers CD31 and CD34 was positive (brown area) in accordance with the endothelial origin (original magnification ×100). (J) Three unequally sized and ground glass margined nodules (red circle) are seen in the peripheral regions of both lungs. (K) The nodules’ margins (red circle) were sharpened after 2 cycles of selective arterial infusion (SAI) chemotherapy. (L) No obvious recurrence and new metastasis was seen in re-examination during 19 months post-surgery. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 47,
"end_char": 73,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 14,
"tokens": [
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0024485",
"start_char": 76,
"end_char": 79,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"mri"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0000726",
"start_char": 89,
"end_char": 96,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 20,
"tokens": [
"abdomen"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030797",
"start_char": 101,
"end_char": 107,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"pelvis"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 117,
"end_char": 121,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034896",
"start_char": 138,
"end_char": 144,
"start_token": 28,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"rectum"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0033572",
"start_char": 149,
"end_char": 157,
"start_token": 30,
"end_token": 31,
"tokens": [
"prostate"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0032743",
"start_char": 187,
"end_char": 215,
"start_token": 38,
"end_token": 41,
"tokens": [
"positron",
"emission",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040405",
"start_char": 218,
"end_char": 237,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 44,
"tokens": [
"computed",
"tomography"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031268",
"start_char": 240,
"end_char": 243,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 46,
"tokens": [
"pet"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0596620",
"start_char": 268,
"end_char": 286,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 53,
"tokens": [
"glucose",
"metabolism"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030797",
"start_char": 311,
"end_char": 330,
"start_token": 59,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"right",
"pelvic",
"cavity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1269955",
"start_char": 336,
"end_char": 344,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"invasion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037866",
"start_char": 352,
"end_char": 371,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"right",
"spermat",
"##ophore"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034896",
"start_char": 376,
"end_char": 382,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"rectum"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0817096",
"start_char": 433,
"end_char": 438,
"start_token": 82,
"end_token": 83,
"tokens": [
"chest"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0086894",
"start_char": 443,
"end_char": 446,
"start_token": 85,
"end_token": 86,
"tokens": [
"ray"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0027651",
"start_char": 458,
"end_char": 463,
"start_token": 91,
"end_token": 92,
"tokens": [
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006935",
"start_char": 486,
"end_char": 493,
"start_token": 96,
"end_token": 97,
"tokens": [
"capsule"
]
}
] |
d6/2d/PMC2930167/kjr-11-566-g001.jpg | 70-year-old woman with gliosarcoma in right cerebellar hemisphere. A, B. Precontrast (A) and postcontrast (B) CT scans demonstrate right cerebellar mass with heterogeneous peripheral enhancement. C-E. Sagittal T1-weighted image (C) demonstrates well-defined hypointense mass, axial T2-weighted image (D) central hyperintense area, and post-contrast axial T1-weighted image (E) peripheral enhancement. F. This gradient echo image shows multiple dark signal foci in solid portion of mass, which indicate tumoral bleeding. G. This 18F-FDG-PET image shows increased metabolism in solid portion of tumor (arrow). H. Sarcomatous component consisted of densely packed spindle cells with nuclear atypia and frequent mitotic figures (Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, original magnification ×400). I, J. Gliomatous component, which was immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acid protein, intermingles with sarcomatous component (I: Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, J: immunohistochemistry; original magnification ×400). K. Abundant collagen fibers were found between individual tumor cells in sarcomatous component (Masson-trichrome; original magnification, ×400). | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 16,
"end_char": 21,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"woman"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206726",
"start_char": 27,
"end_char": 38,
"start_token": 7,
"end_token": 9,
"tokens": [
"gli",
"##osarcoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0228465",
"start_char": 42,
"end_char": 69,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 13,
"tokens": [
"right",
"cerebellar",
"hemisphere"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1711375",
"start_char": 99,
"end_char": 111,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 29,
"tokens": [
"postc",
"##ont",
"##ras",
"##t"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 166,
"end_char": 179,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205129",
"start_char": 211,
"end_char": 219,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"sagittal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 225,
"end_char": 233,
"start_token": 50,
"end_token": 51,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1704788",
"start_char": 266,
"end_char": 273,
"start_token": 58,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"defined"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 292,
"end_char": 297,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 303,
"end_char": 311,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 68,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0687676",
"start_char": 355,
"end_char": 359,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"post"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0009924",
"start_char": 362,
"end_char": 370,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"contrast"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 371,
"end_char": 376,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 382,
"end_char": 390,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0812409",
"start_char": 435,
"end_char": 443,
"start_token": 95,
"end_token": 96,
"tokens": [
"gradient"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 507,
"end_char": 511,
"start_token": 107,
"end_token": 108,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0302995",
"start_char": 554,
"end_char": 557,
"start_token": 117,
"end_token": 118,
"tokens": [
"18f"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0046056",
"start_char": 560,
"end_char": 563,
"start_token": 119,
"end_token": 120,
"tokens": [
"fdg"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0031268",
"start_char": 566,
"end_char": 569,
"start_token": 121,
"end_token": 122,
"tokens": [
"pet"
]
}
] |
f2/4c/PMC11286587/fneur-15-1419104-g004.jpg | (A–H) A 15-year-old girl with Group 1 BRAF V600E-mutant low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumor, pathologically diagnosed as MAPK pathway-altered dLGG (Patient 26). (A) CT scan shows a small wedge-shaped low-density area in the right temporal tip without calcification (white arrow). (B–F) Axial T1-weighted (B), axial T2-weighted (C), axial FLAIR (D), axial DIR (E), and sagittal DIR images (F) demonstrate a triangular flaccid cyst in the right temporal tip (small white arrows). Just medially adjacent to the cyst, an ill-defined, tiny abnormal signal area appears as iso-intensity on the T1-weighted image and slightly high intensity on the T2-weighted and FLAIR images (white arrowheads). Axial and sagittal DIR images show a wedge-shaped, heterogeneously high signal lesion without mass effect (white arrowheads). (G) Axial FDG-PET image demonstrates decreased uptake in the right temporal tip (white arrow). Color bar: SUV; top = 13.00 and bottom = 0.00. (H) Axial ECD-SPECT image also shows decreased uptake in the same area (white arrow). (I–P) A 9-year-old girl with Group 1 BRAF V600E-mutant LEAT, pathologically diagnosed as MAPK pathway-altered dLGG (Patient 33). (I) CT scan shows a punctate calcification in the right posterior temporal lobe (yellow arrow). (J–O) Axial T1-weighted (J), axial T2-weighted (K), axial FLAIR (L), axial DIR (M), sagittal DIR images (N), and coronal FLAIR (O) demonstrate an ill-defined, wedge-shaped tumor without mass effect located along the right medial temporal base (yellow arrowhead) as iso-intensity on the T1-weighted image, slightly high intensity on the T2-weighted image, and high intensity on the FLAIR and DIR images. No cystic component is noted. (P) Axial FDG-PET image demonstrates decreased uptake in the right temporal lobe compared with the contralateral side (yellow arrow). Color bar: SUV; top = 15.00 and bottom = 0.00. DIR, double inversion recovery; dLGG, diffuse low-grade glioma; ECD, ethyl-cysteinate-dimer; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose; FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; LEAT, low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PET, positron emission tomography; SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography; SUV, standardized uptake value. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0043210",
"start_char": 28,
"end_char": 32,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"girl"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441861",
"start_char": 38,
"end_char": 45,
"start_token": 13,
"end_token": 15,
"tokens": [
"group",
"1"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0812241",
"start_char": 46,
"end_char": 50,
"start_token": 15,
"end_token": 16,
"tokens": [
"braf"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C3273990",
"start_char": 51,
"end_char": 56,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"v600e"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0596988",
"start_char": 59,
"end_char": 65,
"start_token": 18,
"end_token": 19,
"tokens": [
"mutant"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441800",
"start_char": 72,
"end_char": 77,
"start_token": 21,
"end_token": 22,
"tokens": [
"grade"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0014544",
"start_char": 78,
"end_char": 86,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 23,
"tokens": [
"epilepsy"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332281",
"start_char": 89,
"end_char": 99,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"associated"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0206715",
"start_char": 100,
"end_char": 121,
"start_token": 25,
"end_token": 28,
"tokens": [
"neuro",
"##epithelial",
"tumor"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0030664",
"start_char": 123,
"end_char": 137,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"pathologically"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C5669773",
"start_char": 151,
"end_char": 163,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 34,
"tokens": [
"mapk",
"pathway"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392747",
"start_char": 166,
"end_char": 173,
"start_token": 35,
"end_token": 36,
"tokens": [
"altered"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439639",
"start_char": 223,
"end_char": 228,
"start_token": 51,
"end_token": 52,
"tokens": [
"wedge"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332479",
"start_char": 231,
"end_char": 237,
"start_token": 53,
"end_token": 54,
"tokens": [
"shaped"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006660",
"start_char": 291,
"end_char": 304,
"start_token": 64,
"end_token": 65,
"tokens": [
"calcification"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 332,
"end_char": 337,
"start_token": 75,
"end_token": 76,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 343,
"end_char": 351,
"start_token": 78,
"end_token": 79,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205131",
"start_char": 359,
"end_char": 364,
"start_token": 83,
"end_token": 84,
"tokens": [
"axial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0005910",
"start_char": 370,
"end_char": 378,
"start_token": 86,
"end_token": 87,
"tokens": [
"weighted"
]
}
] |
25/a5/PMC2799643/kjr-11-126-g001.jpg | Adrenal cortical adenoma arising from ectopic adrenal gland in liver. A. Transverse US image shows 2.5 cm subtle hypoechoic nodule (arrows) in segment VII of liver. B. On unenhanced CT image (left upper), lesion (arrow) shows marked low attenuation and its CT attenuation number was -4 HU, suggesting presence of fat within lesion. After contrast administration, lesion (arrow) showed heterogeneous enhancement on arterial (right upper) and portal (left lower) phase images, as well as clear washout on delayed (right lower) phase images. CT attenuation numbers were 29, 82, and 30 on three dynamic phases, respectively. C. On in- (left) and opposed (right) phase T1-weighted gradient recalled echo MR images, marked signal drop of lesion (arrow) as well as in liver is demonstrated, which suggests abundant fatty component within lesion and background liver, respectively. D. After Gd-EOB-DTPA administration, lesion (arrow) shows modest enhancement on arterial phase (right upper) compared to unenhanced image (left upper) and washout pattern on portal (left lower) and 3-minute equilibrium (right lower) phase images. E. Coronal MR images obtained 15 minutes after contrast injection clearly depict relationship between lesion (*) and right adrenal gland (arrowheads). Thin hyperintense capsule is clearly seen between two (in right image). F. Hepatobiliary phase image obtained 20 minutes after contrast injection demonstrates clear defect of lesion (arrow) compared to hyperintense background liver. However, subtle hyperintense focus (arrowhead) is seen off-center of lesion, indicating possibility of contrast uptake by tumor. Also note thin hyperintense rim (thin arrows) by hepatocytes at medial aspect of lesion, suggesting intrahepatic location of lesion. G. Gross pathologic specimen reveals 2.9 × 2.8 × 2.5 cm yellowish nodule surrounded by normal liver parenchyma and liver capsule (arrows). Note small foci of hemorrhage (arrowhead) off-center of lesion corresponding to area showing focal hyperintensity on 20-minute delayed MR images. H. Microscopic photograph (original magnification ×200, Hematoxylin & Eosin staining) shows well encapsulated nodule (A) surrounded by hepatocytes (H) and separated from adjacent perihepatic tissue (T) by fibrotic capsule (*) and hepatocytes. I. On low-power field microscopic photograph (original magnification ×40, Hematoxylin & Eosin staining), adrenal adenoma exhibits clear, lipid-laden cells arranged in sheets or nests (A) and contains organizing hematoma (arrows) in dilated vessel with inner vascular proliferation (*) corresponding to focal contrast uptake area on 20-minute delayed MR images. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0001625",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 7,
"start_token": 0,
"end_token": 1,
"tokens": [
"adrenal"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0346253",
"start_char": 8,
"end_char": 24,
"start_token": 1,
"end_token": 3,
"tokens": [
"cortical",
"adenoma"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0266275",
"start_char": 38,
"end_char": 59,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 8,
"tokens": [
"ectopic",
"adrenal",
"gland"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023884",
"start_char": 63,
"end_char": 68,
"start_token": 9,
"end_token": 10,
"tokens": [
"liver"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C4720860",
"start_char": 114,
"end_char": 131,
"start_token": 22,
"end_token": 25,
"tokens": [
"hypo",
"##echoic",
"nodule"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0441635",
"start_char": 146,
"end_char": 153,
"start_token": 29,
"end_token": 30,
"tokens": [
"segment"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0023884",
"start_char": 161,
"end_char": 166,
"start_token": 32,
"end_token": 33,
"tokens": [
"liver"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0230347",
"start_char": 196,
"end_char": 206,
"start_token": 43,
"end_token": 45,
"tokens": [
"left",
"upper"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 210,
"end_char": 216,
"start_token": 47,
"end_token": 48,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0599946",
"start_char": 244,
"end_char": 255,
"start_token": 54,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"attenuation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0599946",
"start_char": 264,
"end_char": 278,
"start_token": 57,
"end_token": 59,
"tokens": [
"ct",
"attenuation"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0392148",
"start_char": 309,
"end_char": 317,
"start_token": 66,
"end_token": 67,
"tokens": [
"presence"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001527",
"start_char": 321,
"end_char": 324,
"start_token": 68,
"end_token": 69,
"tokens": [
"fat"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 332,
"end_char": 338,
"start_token": 70,
"end_token": 71,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0001554",
"start_char": 346,
"end_char": 369,
"start_token": 73,
"end_token": 75,
"tokens": [
"contrast",
"administration"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 371,
"end_char": 377,
"start_token": 76,
"end_token": 77,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0019409",
"start_char": 395,
"end_char": 408,
"start_token": 81,
"end_token": 82,
"tokens": [
"heterogeneous"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0003842",
"start_char": 424,
"end_char": 432,
"start_token": 84,
"end_token": 85,
"tokens": [
"arterial"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205054",
"start_char": 453,
"end_char": 459,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"portal"
]
}
] |
7f/ea/PMC3813691/OL-06-05-1285-g00.jpg | (A) X-ray showing a high-density lesion of 10 cm in diameter in the medullary cavity and around the cortical bone of the inferior femur. (B) CT revealed an inhomogeneous soft-tissue mass in the posterolateral and deep layer of the hamstrings in the right inferior femur. Calcifications were apparent as multiple small flecks; however, there was no definite boundary of the calcifications. (C) ECT showing an abnormal radioactive distribution as a mass in the right inferior femur. (D) T1-weighted MRI images revealing an irregularly-shaped expanding lesion in the right inferior femur. The lesion had a low signal intensity, similiar to the muscle tissue. (E) T2-weighted MRI images revealing an inhomogeneous hybrid signal area, including a small area of high signal intensity in the are of low signal intensity. (F) The resected bone was reimplanted using devitalized tumor bone, self-ilium and homologous allograft bone transplantation, with an internal fixation by locking the compression plate. This was followed by a reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the lateral and medial collateral ligaments. (G) Gross appearance of the excised specimen showing a circumscribed mass involving the majority of the bone and the adjacent soft tissues of the thigh. (H) Microscopic examination revealing spindle cell and collagen fiber proliferation and collagen fibers intermixed with spindle cells, with low mitotic activity and no necrosis in the lesion (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×80). CT, computed tomography; ECT, emission-CT. | [
{
"umls_cui": "C0086894",
"start_char": 10,
"end_char": 13,
"start_token": 5,
"end_token": 6,
"tokens": [
"ray"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0178587",
"start_char": 31,
"end_char": 38,
"start_token": 10,
"end_token": 11,
"tokens": [
"density"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0221198",
"start_char": 39,
"end_char": 45,
"start_token": 11,
"end_token": 12,
"tokens": [
"lesion"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C1301886",
"start_char": 58,
"end_char": 66,
"start_token": 16,
"end_token": 17,
"tokens": [
"diameter"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0222662",
"start_char": 74,
"end_char": 90,
"start_token": 19,
"end_token": 21,
"tokens": [
"medullary",
"cavity"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0222652",
"start_char": 106,
"end_char": 119,
"start_token": 24,
"end_token": 26,
"tokens": [
"cortical",
"bone"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0205358",
"start_char": 178,
"end_char": 182,
"start_token": 39,
"end_token": 40,
"tokens": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0040300",
"start_char": 185,
"end_char": 191,
"start_token": 41,
"end_token": 42,
"tokens": [
"tissue"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 192,
"end_char": 196,
"start_token": 42,
"end_token": 43,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0332195",
"start_char": 204,
"end_char": 218,
"start_token": 45,
"end_token": 47,
"tokens": [
"poster",
"##olateral"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0584895",
"start_char": 241,
"end_char": 251,
"start_token": 52,
"end_token": 55,
"tokens": [
"hams",
"##tring",
"##s"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006660",
"start_char": 281,
"end_char": 295,
"start_token": 61,
"end_token": 62,
"tokens": [
"calcifications"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0750489",
"start_char": 301,
"end_char": 309,
"start_token": 63,
"end_token": 64,
"tokens": [
"apparent"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0439064",
"start_char": 313,
"end_char": 321,
"start_token": 65,
"end_token": 66,
"tokens": [
"multiple"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0165528",
"start_char": 328,
"end_char": 334,
"start_token": 67,
"end_token": 70,
"tokens": [
"fle",
"##ck",
"##s"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0006660",
"start_char": 384,
"end_char": 398,
"start_token": 80,
"end_token": 81,
"tokens": [
"calcifications"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0034553",
"start_char": 430,
"end_char": 441,
"start_token": 89,
"end_token": 90,
"tokens": [
"radioactive"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0037775",
"start_char": 442,
"end_char": 454,
"start_token": 90,
"end_token": 91,
"tokens": [
"distribution"
]
},
{
"umls_cui": "C0577559",
"start_char": 460,
"end_char": 464,
"start_token": 93,
"end_token": 94,
"tokens": [
"mass"
]
}
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.