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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Besides pneumonia, what is another potential complication for adults who have chickenpox? ### Assistant: Adults with chickenpox are at a greater risk of developing encephalitis.<|endoftext|>
Besides pneumonia, what is another potential complication for adults who have chickenpox?
Adults with chickenpox are at a greater risk of developing encephalitis.
66
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What infection can cause aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia, and how does it affect erythroid precursors? ### Assistant: Patients with sickle cell anemia are at risk of aplastic crisis...
What infection can cause aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia, and how does it affect erythroid precursors?
Patients with sickle cell anemia are at risk of aplastic crisis with parvovirus B19 infection of erythroid precursors.
98
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the potential cardiac symptoms associated with myocardial infarction due to occlusion of a specific coronary artery? ### Assistant: Myocardial infarction with occlusion of the right coronary a...
What are the potential cardiac symptoms associated with myocardial infarction due to occlusion of a specific coronary artery?
Myocardial infarction with occlusion of the right coronary artery may present with bradycardia and/or heart block.
88
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Beriberi ? ### Assistant: Beriberi is a condition that occurs in people who are deficient in thiamine (vitamin B1). There are two major types of beriberi: wet beriberi which affects the c...
What is (are) Beriberi ?
Beriberi is a condition that occurs in people who are deficient in thiamine (vitamin B1). There are two major types of beriberi: wet beriberi which affects the cardiovascular system and dry beriberi which affects the nervous system. People with wet beriberi may experience increased heart rate, shortness of breath, and ...
272
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the symptoms of Hemangiomatosis, familial pulmonary capillary ? ### Assistant: What are the signs and symptoms of Hemangiomatosis, familial pulmonary capillary? The Human Phenotype Ontology pr...
What are the symptoms of Hemangiomatosis, familial pulmonary capillary ?
What are the signs and symptoms of Hemangiomatosis, familial pulmonary capillary? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hemangiomatosis, familial pulmonary capillary. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this ...
290
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which vitamin deficiency can occur as a result of methotrexate use? ### Assistant: Methotrexate use can lead to a deficiency in folate, also known as vitamin B9.<|endoftext|>
Which vitamin deficiency can occur as a result of methotrexate use?
Methotrexate use can lead to a deficiency in folate, also known as vitamin B9.
72
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is an overview of diastolic dysfunction? ### Assistant: About half of patients with heart failure have a normal ejection fraction . The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction has increased, although ...
What is an overview of diastolic dysfunction?
About half of patients with heart failure have a normal ejection fraction . The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction has increased, although mortality rates have stayed the same. Diastolic dysfunction is more common in females than in males, and more common in the elderly.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which type of renal tubular acidosis is strongly linked with autoimmune diseases? ### Assistant: Distal RTA (type 1) is highly associated with autoimmune diseases.<|endoftext|>
Which type of renal tubular acidosis is strongly linked with autoimmune diseases?
Distal RTA (type 1) is highly associated with autoimmune diseases.
65
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Striatonigral Degeneration ? ### Assistant: Striatonigral degeneration is a neurological disorder caused by a disruption in the connection between two areas of the brain-the striatum and ...
What is (are) Striatonigral Degeneration ?
Striatonigral degeneration is a neurological disorder caused by a disruption in the connection between two areas of the brain-the striatum and the substantia nigra. These two areas work together to enable balance and movement. Striatonigral degeneration is a type of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Symptoms of the disord...
138
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What could be the possible diagnosis for a young adult female who presents with symptoms of bilateral joint pain and swelling, and laboratory findings of pancytopenia (low counts of all blood cells) and...
What could be the possible diagnosis for a young adult female who presents with symptoms of bilateral joint pain and swelling, and laboratory findings of pancytopenia (low counts of all blood cells) and proteinuria (protein in urine)?
The likely diagnosis for the patient's condition is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
105
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the result of reactivation of VZV in the body? ### Assistant: Reactivation of VZV results in herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles.<|endoftext|>
What is the result of reactivation of VZV in the body?
Reactivation of VZV results in herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles.
69
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the name of the ligament that connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis and contains the uterine vessels? ### Assistant: The ligament that connects the cervix to the side wall of the p...
What is the name of the ligament that connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis and contains the uterine vessels?
The ligament that connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis and contains the uterine vessels is called the Cardinal ligament.
92
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What electrolyte abnormality is more likely to be present in a patient with Cushing syndrome? ### Assistant: Patients with Cushing syndrome are more likely to present with hypokalemia.<|endoftext|>
What electrolyte abnormality is more likely to be present in a patient with Cushing syndrome?
Patients with Cushing syndrome are more likely to present with hypokalemia.
71
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the three main features of McCune-Albright Syndrome? ### Assistant: The three main features of McCune-Albright Syndrome are peripheral precocious puberty, irregular cafe-au-lait skin pigmentat...
What are the three main features of McCune-Albright Syndrome?
The three main features of McCune-Albright Syndrome are peripheral precocious puberty, irregular cafe-au-lait skin pigmentation ("Coast of Maine"), and fibrous dysplasia of bone.
91
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Do you have information about Exercise and Physical Fitness ### Assistant: Summary : Regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health. It can help - Control your...
Do you have information about Exercise and Physical Fitness
Summary : Regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health. It can help - Control your weight - Lower your risk of heart disease - Lower your risk for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome - Lower your risk of some cancers - Strengthen your bones and muscles - Improve your menta...
180
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What does the Quantiferon Gold assay measure and which cells are involved in the process? ### Assistant: The Quantiferon Gold assay measures IFN-gamma levels released from Th1-cells exposed to Mycobact...
What does the Quantiferon Gold assay measure and which cells are involved in the process?
The Quantiferon Gold assay measures IFN-gamma levels released from Th1-cells exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
81
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the potential consequence of allopurinol hypersensitivity, and what is the name of the syndrome that can occur as a result, which is characterized by skin sloughing? ### Assistant: Allopurinol ...
What is the potential consequence of allopurinol hypersensitivity, and what is the name of the syndrome that can occur as a result, which is characterized by skin sloughing?
Allopurinol hypersensitivity can result in Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which is characterized by sloughing of the skin.
99
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are some treatments for chronic gout that is caused by overproduction of uric acid, and how do they work? ### Assistant: Chronic gout that is caused by overproduction of uric acid can be treated w...
What are some treatments for chronic gout that is caused by overproduction of uric acid, and how do they work?
Chronic gout that is caused by overproduction of uric acid can be treated with medications such as allopurinol or febuxostat, which work by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is involved in the production of uric acid, so by blocking its activity, these medications can lower ...
227
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What information is present regarding selective mutism? ### Assistant: Selective mutism can affect the child's ability to function in school or social settings. Without treatment, symptoms may get wors...
What information is present regarding selective mutism?
Selective mutism can affect the child's ability to function in school or social settings. Without treatment, symptoms may get worse.
70
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the relationship between Gerstmann syndrome and the angular gyrus of the dominant parietal cortex, and what is the cause of this relationship? ### Assistant: Gerstmann syndrome is a condition t...
What is the relationship between Gerstmann syndrome and the angular gyrus of the dominant parietal cortex, and what is the cause of this relationship?
Gerstmann syndrome is a condition that arises from a lesion to the angular gyrus of the dominant parietal cortex in the brain.
93
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: How many people are affected by Li-Fraumeni syndrome ? ### Assistant: The exact prevalence of Li-Fraumeni is unknown. One U.S. registry of Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients suggests that about 400 people f...
How many people are affected by Li-Fraumeni syndrome ?
The exact prevalence of Li-Fraumeni is unknown. One U.S. registry of Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients suggests that about 400 people from 64 families have this disorder.
86
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the pathology behind familial amyloid cardiomyopathy / polyneuropathies? ### Assistant: Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy / polyneuropathies are characterized by deposition of mutated transthyret...
What is the pathology behind familial amyloid cardiomyopathy / polyneuropathies?
Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy / polyneuropathies are characterized by deposition of mutated transthyretin (TTR) protein in the heart and nerves.
94
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the method of administration for amphotericin B? ### Assistant: Amphotericin B is typically administered through intravenous (IV) infusion. This involves injecting the medication directly into ...
What is the method of administration for amphotericin B?
Amphotericin B is typically administered through intravenous (IV) infusion. This involves injecting the medication directly into a vein through a needle or catheter. IV administration allows for the medication to be quickly and efficiently delivered into the bloodstream, where it can begin to work to treat fungal infec...
174
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Prostate Cancer ? ### Assistant: Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. Cancer prevention clinical trials are u...
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Prostate Cancer ?
Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to lower the risk of developing certain types of cancer. Some cancer prevention trials are conducted with healthy people who have not had cancer but who have an increased risk for cancer....
250
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: How to diagnose Amniotic band syndrome ? ### Assistant: How is amniotic band syndrome diagnosed? The earliest reported detection of an amniotic band is at 12 weeks gestation, by vaginal ultrasound. On ...
How to diagnose Amniotic band syndrome ?
How is amniotic band syndrome diagnosed? The earliest reported detection of an amniotic band is at 12 weeks gestation, by vaginal ultrasound. On ultrasound the bands appear as thin, mobile lines, which may be seen attached to or around the baby. However these bands may be difficult to detect by ultrasound, and are more...
126
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the three branches of the celiac trunk? ### Assistant: The celiac trunk is a major artery that arises from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the upper abdominal organs. It has three br...
What are the three branches of the celiac trunk?
The celiac trunk is a major artery that arises from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the upper abdominal organs. It has three branches: the common hepatic artery, which supplies blood to the liver, gallbladder, and part of the stomach; the splenic artery, which supplies blood to the spleen and part of the stom...
183
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: How many people are affected by familial acute myeloid leukemia with mutated CEBPA ? ### Assistant: Acute myeloid leukemia occurs in approximately 3.5 in 100,000 individuals per year. Familial acute my...
How many people are affected by familial acute myeloid leukemia with mutated CEBPA ?
Acute myeloid leukemia occurs in approximately 3.5 in 100,000 individuals per year. Familial acute myeloid leukemia with mutated CEBPA is a very rare form of acute myeloid leukemia; only a few affected families have been identified.
106
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What causes Granuloma annulare ? ### Assistant: What causes granuloma annulare? The cause of granuloma annulare is unknown, although there is much evidence that it is linked to the immune system. It ha...
What causes Granuloma annulare ?
What causes granuloma annulare? The cause of granuloma annulare is unknown, although there is much evidence that it is linked to the immune system. It has been reported to follow insect bites; sun exposure; tuberculin skin tests, ingestion of allopurinol; trauma; and viral infections, including Epstein-Barr, HIV, hepat...
144
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 1 ? ### Assistant: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a group of eye disorders that affects the development of the eye. Common eye symptoms include cornea defects, ...
What is (are) Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 1 ?
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a group of eye disorders that affects the development of the eye. Common eye symptoms include cornea defects, which is the clear covering on the front of the eye, and iris defects, which is the colored part of the eye. People with this syndrome may have an off-center pupil (corectopia) or ex...
298
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the term used to describe a xanthoma that affects the eyelids? ### Assistant: When a xanthoma affects the eyelids, it is known as xanthelasma.<|endoftext|>
What is the term used to describe a xanthoma that affects the eyelids?
When a xanthoma affects the eyelids, it is known as xanthelasma.
71
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the recommended treatment for gallstone ileus? ### Assistant: The recommended treatment for gallstone ileus is surgical removal of the stone and cholecystectomy. Gallstone ileus is a rare condi...
What is the recommended treatment for gallstone ileus?
The recommended treatment for gallstone ileus is surgical removal of the stone and cholecystectomy. Gallstone ileus is a rare condition that occurs when a large gallstone becomes lodged in the small intestine, causing a blockage. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the gallstone and repair any damage to the ...
214
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the cost-effectiveness of treating multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis with therapy? ### Assistant: According to WHO, tuberculosis takes an annual economic toll of around US$12 billion dollars wo...
What is the cost-effectiveness of treating multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis with therapy?
According to WHO, tuberculosis takes an annual economic toll of around US$12 billion dollars worldwide. 3-4 months of work time are lot due to tuberculosis. The average cost of treating a person with TB disease increases with greater resistance. Direct costs (in 2010 U.S. dollars) average from $17,000 to treat drug-sus...
243
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What other imaging findings are typically associated with lung adenocarcinoma? ### Assistant: Bone Scintigraphy Bone scan uses bone-seeking radioactive materials (radiopharmaceuticals) and a computer t...
What other imaging findings are typically associated with lung adenocarcinoma?
Bone Scintigraphy Bone scan uses bone-seeking radioactive materials (radiopharmaceuticals) and a computer to create a picture of the bones. It is used to look for bone metastases in people who have: Bone pain Blood chemistry tests that suggest that cancer has spread to the bone, including higher than normal levels of A...
304
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Encephalitis ? ### Assistant: Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. Usually the cause is a viral infection, but bacteria can also cause it. It can be mild or severe. Most cases ar...
What is (are) Encephalitis ?
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. Usually the cause is a viral infection, but bacteria can also cause it. It can be mild or severe. Most cases are mild. You may have flu-like symptoms. With a mild case, you may just need rest, plenty of fluids, and a pain reliever. Severe cases need immediate treatment. Sym...
227
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What information is obtainable regarding bacterial vaginosis? ### Assistant: Although BV will sometimes clear up without treatment, all women with symptoms of BV should be treated to avoid complication...
What information is obtainable regarding bacterial vaginosis?
Although BV will sometimes clear up without treatment, all women with symptoms of BV should be treated to avoid complications. Male partners generally do not need to be treated. However, BV may spread between female sex partners. Treatment is especially important for pregnant women. All pregnant women who have ever had...
277
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What histological feature may be associated with mesothelioma? ### Assistant: Psammoma bodies are the histological finding that may be associated with mesothelioma.<|endoftext|>
What histological feature may be associated with mesothelioma?
Psammoma bodies are the histological finding that may be associated with mesothelioma.
69
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the products of the breakdown of hemoglobin within macrophages that have consumed RBCs? ### Assistant: The breakdown of hemoglobin within macrophages that have consumed RBCs produces heme and ...
What are the products of the breakdown of hemoglobin within macrophages that have consumed RBCs?
The breakdown of hemoglobin within macrophages that have consumed RBCs produces heme and globin.
78
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) primary carnitine deficiency ? ### Assistant: Primary carnitine deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from using certain fats for energy, particularly during periods without fo...
What is (are) primary carnitine deficiency ?
Primary carnitine deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from using certain fats for energy, particularly during periods without food (fasting). Carnitine, a natural substance acquired mostly through the diet, is used by cells to process fats and produce energy. Signs and symptoms of primary carnitine deficie...
270
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome in target tissues of males? ### Assistant: Androgen insensitivity syndrome is caused by a deficiency of androgen receptors in target tissues of male...
What is the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome in target tissues of males?
Androgen insensitivity syndrome is caused by a deficiency of androgen receptors in target tissues of males.
71
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the typical absolute values of AST and ALT in cases of alcoholic hepatitis? ### Assistant: The absolute values of AST and ALT in alcoholic hepatitis are almost always < 500 IU/L.<|endoftext|>
What are the typical absolute values of AST and ALT in cases of alcoholic hepatitis?
The absolute values of AST and ALT in alcoholic hepatitis are almost always < 500 IU/L.
72
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the explanation of Adenoids and Pathology? ### Assistant: Enlarged adenoids, or adenoid hypertrophy, can become nearly the size of a ping pong ball and completely block airflow through the nasa...
What is the explanation of Adenoids and Pathology?
Enlarged adenoids, or adenoid hypertrophy, can become nearly the size of a ping pong ball and completely block airflow through the nasal passages. Even if enlarged adenoids are not substantial enough to physically block the back of the nose, they can obstruct airflow enough so that breathing through the nose requires a...
149
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the similarity between Shigella and EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli) in terms of the toxins they produce and the resulting symptoms? ### Assistant: Shigella and EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli)...
What is the similarity between Shigella and EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli) in terms of the toxins they produce and the resulting symptoms?
Shigella and EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli) both produce shiga toxins that result in bloody diarrhea. Shiga toxins are a type of cytotoxin that inhibit protein synthesis in host cells, leading to cell death and tissue damage. The damage to the intestinal mucosa caused by shiga toxins results in the presence of blood ...
224
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: In a patient with positive HBeAg, positive anti-HBc IgG, positive HBsAg, and a mild increase in liver function tests (LFTs), what is the most probable diagnosis? ### Assistant: The most probable diagno...
In a patient with positive HBeAg, positive anti-HBc IgG, positive HBsAg, and a mild increase in liver function tests (LFTs), what is the most probable diagnosis?
The most probable diagnosis in this patient is active chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The presence of positive HBeAg, positive anti-HBc IgG, and positive HBsAg indicates active viral replication and ongoing infection. A mild increase in LFTs can be seen in patients with chronic HBV infection, as the virus ca...
254
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the treatments for Lafora disease ? ### Assistant: How might Lafora disease be treated? Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for Lafora disease or way to slow the progression of the condi...
What are the treatments for Lafora disease ?
How might Lafora disease be treated? Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for Lafora disease or way to slow the progression of the condition. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person. For example, certain medications may be recommended to managed generalized seizures. In the advanced sta...
175
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the treatments for Christianson syndrome ? ### Assistant: These resources address the diagnosis or management of Christianson syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Christianson syndrome - Medl...
What are the treatments for Christianson syndrome ?
These resources address the diagnosis or management of Christianson syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Christianson syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Seizures These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Sur...
110
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: How does a change in pH affect the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve, and in which direction does the curve shift as a result? ### Assistant: Changes in pH can have a significant impact on the O2-hemogl...
How does a change in pH affect the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve, and in which direction does the curve shift as a result?
Changes in pH can have a significant impact on the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve, which describes the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the blood and the amount of oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin. Specifically, decreases in pH (i.e. increases in acidity) can cause the curve to shift to ...
233
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Could you provide me an overview of Pituitary apoplexy, please? ### Assistant: Pituitary apoplexy is an acute clinical syndrome caused by hemorrhage and necrosis in the pituitary gland. Most commonly, ...
Could you provide me an overview of Pituitary apoplexy, please?
Pituitary apoplexy is an acute clinical syndrome caused by hemorrhage and necrosis in the pituitary gland. Most commonly, pituitary apoplexy is associated with pituitary adenoma. The pituitary adenoma predisposes the patient to an increased risk of bleeding within the pituitary gland. The pituitary adenoma has fenestra...
246
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the genetic changes related to Bietti crystalline dystrophy ? ### Assistant: Bietti crystalline dystrophy is caused by mutations in the CYP4V2 gene. This gene provides instructions for making ...
What are the genetic changes related to Bietti crystalline dystrophy ?
Bietti crystalline dystrophy is caused by mutations in the CYP4V2 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a member of the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes. These enzymes are involved in the formation and breakdown of various molecules and chemicals within cells. The CYP4V2 enzyme is involved in a multi-step p...
233
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the historical background and symptoms associated with pulmonary hypertension? ### Assistant: The hallmark of pulmonary hypertension is progressive dyspnea. The most common symptoms of pulmona...
What are the historical background and symptoms associated with pulmonary hypertension?
The hallmark of pulmonary hypertension is progressive dyspnea. The most common symptoms of pulmonary hypertension include dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain and syncope or presyncope. Ortner syndrome may also be seen (characterized by hoarseness due to compression of the left laryngeal nerve caused by enlargement of the pulm...
116
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Is CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia inherited ? ### Assistant: This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parent...
Is CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia inherited ?
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.
106
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which type of microcytic anemia is characterized by an elevated RDW (red cell distribution width)? ### Assistant: Iron deficiency anemia is the type of microcytic anemia that is associated with an incr...
Which type of microcytic anemia is characterized by an elevated RDW (red cell distribution width)?
Iron deficiency anemia is the type of microcytic anemia that is associated with an increased RDW.
78
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the procedure used to obtain karyotyping of a fetus prior to delivery? ### Assistant: Karyotyping of a fetus prior to delivery is obtained through a procedure called amniocentesis. This is a me...
What is the procedure used to obtain karyotyping of a fetus prior to delivery?
Karyotyping of a fetus prior to delivery is obtained through a procedure called amniocentesis. This is a medical procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is removed from the sac surrounding the fetus using a needle, and then analyzed in a laboratory to obtain information about the fetus's chromosomes. Karyot...
212
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What does the monospot test for EBV look for? ### Assistant: The monospot test for EBV looks for heterophile anti-sheep/horse RBC antibodies.<|endoftext|>
What does the monospot test for EBV look for?
The monospot test for EBV looks for heterophile anti-sheep/horse RBC antibodies.
70
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Zellweger spectrum disorder ? ### Assistant: Zellweger spectrum disorder is a group of conditions that have overlapping signs and symptoms and affect many parts of the body. This group of...
What is (are) Zellweger spectrum disorder ?
Zellweger spectrum disorder is a group of conditions that have overlapping signs and symptoms and affect many parts of the body. This group of conditions includes Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and infantile Refsum disease. These conditions were once thought to be distinct disorders but are n...
273
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the origin of the internal spermatic fascia in the spermatic cord, and which layer of the abdominal wall does it arise from? ### Assistant: The internal spermatic fascia in the spermatic cord i...
What is the origin of the internal spermatic fascia in the spermatic cord, and which layer of the abdominal wall does it arise from?
The internal spermatic fascia in the spermatic cord is derived from the transversalis fascia, which is a layer of the abdominal wall.
98
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What causes Diarrhea ? ### Assistant: Acute diarrhea is usually caused by a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrhea is usually related to a functional disorder such as irritable bowe...
What causes Diarrhea ?
Acute diarrhea is usually caused by a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrhea is usually related to a functional disorder such as irritable bowel syndrome or an intestinal disease such as Crohns disease. The most common causes of diarrhea include the following: - Bacterial infections. Several types o...
291
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the explanation of the pathophysiology of thymoma? ### Assistant: Thymus is the site of maturation of T cells. This makes thymus the primary center responsible for adaptive immunity. The exact ...
What is the explanation of the pathophysiology of thymoma?
Thymus is the site of maturation of T cells. This makes thymus the primary center responsible for adaptive immunity. The exact pathogenesis of the primary tumor development is not completely understood. Primary tumors of thymus are relatively rare. Thymoma is the most common type of primary tumor of thymus. Thymoma is ...
155
### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Vascular Diseases ? ### Assistant: The vascular system is the body's network of blood vessels. It includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. Prob...
What is (are) Vascular Diseases ?
The vascular system is the body's network of blood vessels. It includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. Problems of the vascular system are common and can be serious. Arteries can become thick and stiff, a problem called atherosclerosis. Blood clots can clog vessels and block...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Graves disease ? ### Assistant: Graves disease is a condition that affects the function of the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in the lower neck. The thyroid makes hormones tha...
What is (are) Graves disease ?
Graves disease is a condition that affects the function of the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in the lower neck. The thyroid makes hormones that help regulate a wide variety of critical body functions. For example, thyroid hormones influence growth and development, body temperature, heart rate, menstrual cy...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What information is accessible regarding altitude sickness? ### Assistant: The main form of treatment for all forms of altitude sickness is to climb down (descend) to a lower altitude as rapidly and sa...
What information is accessible regarding altitude sickness?
The main form of treatment for all forms of altitude sickness is to climb down (descend) to a lower altitude as rapidly and safely as possible. Extra oxygen should be given, if available. People with severe altitude sickness may be admitted to a hospital. Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a drug used to stimulate breathing and...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the clinical manifestations of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and what is the relationship between this condition and bone lesions and hypercalcemia? ### Assistant: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymp...
What are the clinical manifestations of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and what is the relationship between this condition and bone lesions and hypercalcemia?
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma may present with lytic (punched-out) bone lesions and hypercalcemia. These are some of the clinical manifestations of the disease, which is associated with bone lesions and hypercalcemia.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the natural causes, expected outcome, and possible complications of retinitis? ### Assistant: Retinitis pigmentosa progresses slowly and with much variation. There is no way of predicting the ...
What are the natural causes, expected outcome, and possible complications of retinitis?
Retinitis pigmentosa progresses slowly and with much variation. There is no way of predicting the exact progression of vision loss with retinitis pigmentosa. However, future severity of the disease may be quantified by the severity of present symptoms. Often begins with floaters, progresses into tunnel vision and restr...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which demographic is frequently linked to the mucinous carcinoma subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma (breast)? ### Assistant: Elderly women, with an average age of 70, are the demographic that is most...
Which demographic is frequently linked to the mucinous carcinoma subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma (breast)?
Elderly women, with an average age of 70, are the demographic that is most commonly associated with the mucinous carcinoma subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma (breast).
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the typical laboratory findings associated with sickle cell disease in terms of bilirubin, hemoglobin, and reticulocyte count? ### Assistant: Sickle cell disease is typically associated with h...
What are the typical laboratory findings associated with sickle cell disease in terms of bilirubin, hemoglobin, and reticulocyte count?
Sickle cell disease is typically associated with high levels of bilirubin, which is a breakdown product of red blood cells. This is due to the shortened lifespan of sickle cells, which are more prone to hemolysis (bursting) than normal red blood cells. In addition, people with sickle cell disease often have low levels ...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Could you please provide an overview of pseudohypoparathyroidism? ### Assistant: In 1942, Fuller albright, an American endocrinologist, first discovered pseudohypoparathyroidim and associated clinical ...
Could you please provide an overview of pseudohypoparathyroidism?
In 1942, Fuller albright, an American endocrinologist, first discovered pseudohypoparathyroidim and associated clinical features of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Eye Movement Disorders ? ### Assistant: When you look at an object, you're using several muscles to move both eyes to focus on it. If you have a problem with the muscles, the eyes don't w...
What is (are) Eye Movement Disorders ?
When you look at an object, you're using several muscles to move both eyes to focus on it. If you have a problem with the muscles, the eyes don't work properly. There are many kinds of eye movement disorders. Two common ones are - Strabismus - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction. This r...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the most common symptom of mucosal bleeding associated with disorders of primary hemostasis? ### Assistant: Disorders of primary hemostasis present with symptoms of mucosal bleeding, such as ep...
What is the most common symptom of mucosal bleeding associated with disorders of primary hemostasis?
Disorders of primary hemostasis present with symptoms of mucosal bleeding, such as epistaxis (most common overall symptom). Primary hemostasis refers to the initial formation of a platelet plug at the site of injury to prevent bleeding. Disorders of primary hemostasis can result in bleeding disorders, which can manifes...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the likelihood of deep vein thrombosis recurring in special scenarios? ### Assistant: When recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is suspected, the initial test should be a compression ultrasound...
What is the likelihood of deep vein thrombosis recurring in special scenarios?
When recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is suspected, the initial test should be a compression ultrasound if a previous ultrasound is available for comparison. A highly-sensitive D-dimer is also a possible initial test. If the compression ultrasound results are abnormal but non-diagnostic (increase in residual venous...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What information about papillary necrosis in the renal system can be revealed through an MRI? ### Assistant: Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the ischemic necrosis of the ren...
What information about papillary necrosis in the renal system can be revealed through an MRI?
Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the ischemic necrosis of the renal papilla, which is supplied by the vasa recta. Renal papillary necrosis is a significant kidney disorder, which is associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes, sickle cell disease, urinary tract obstruction, urinary tr...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the treatments for 22q11.2 duplication ? ### Assistant: These resources address the diagnosis or management of 22q11.2 duplication: - Gene Review: Gene Review: 22q11.2 Duplication - Genetic Te...
What are the treatments for 22q11.2 duplication ?
These resources address the diagnosis or management of 22q11.2 duplication: - Gene Review: Gene Review: 22q11.2 Duplication - Genetic Testing Registry: 22q11.2 duplication syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Dr...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are cyclosporine and tacrolimus, and how do they work to prevent T cell activation? ### Assistant: Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are calcineurin inhibitors that block T cell activation by preventing...
What are cyclosporine and tacrolimus, and how do they work to prevent T cell activation?
Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are calcineurin inhibitors that block T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the outlook for Leigh's Disease ? ### Assistant: The prognosis for individuals with Leigh's disease is poor. Individuals who lack mitochondrial complex IV activity and those with pyruvate dehyd...
What is the outlook for Leigh's Disease ?
The prognosis for individuals with Leigh's disease is poor. Individuals who lack mitochondrial complex IV activity and those with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency tend to have the worst prognosis and die within a few years. Those with partial deficiencies have a better prognosis, and may live to be 6 or 7 years of age...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the typical features of Restless Leg Syndrome? ### Assistant: Restless Leg Syndrome is characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs and an uncontrollable urge to move when at rest.<|endo...
What are the typical features of Restless Leg Syndrome?
Restless Leg Syndrome is characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs and an uncontrollable urge to move when at rest.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Can you give a general summary of pericarditis? ### Assistant: There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for pericarditis.<|endoftext|>
Can you give a general summary of pericarditis?
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for pericarditis.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the effect of Rifabutin on cytochrome p450? ### Assistant: Rifabutin induces cytochrome p450. This means that Rifabutin can increase the activity of cytochrome p450 enzymes, which are involved ...
What is the effect of Rifabutin on cytochrome p450?
Rifabutin induces cytochrome p450. This means that Rifabutin can increase the activity of cytochrome p450 enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of many drugs. As a result, Rifabutin can impact the effectiveness and safety of other medications that are metabolized by cytochrome p450 enzymes. It is important to c...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Wagner syndrome ? ### Assistant: Wagner syndrome is a hereditary disorder that causes progressive vision loss. The eye problems that lead to vision loss typically begin in childhood, alth...
What is (are) Wagner syndrome ?
Wagner syndrome is a hereditary disorder that causes progressive vision loss. The eye problems that lead to vision loss typically begin in childhood, although the vision impairment might not be immediately apparent. In people with Wagner syndrome, the light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye (the retina) b...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which embryonic structure gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk? ### Assistant: Which embryonic structure gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk? The embryonic truncus ar...
Which embryonic structure gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?
Which embryonic structure gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk? The embryonic truncus arteriosus gives rise to these structures.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What causes Schwannomatosis ? ### Assistant: What causes schwannomatosis? Some cases of schwannomatosis are caused by changes (mutations) in the SMARCB1 or LZTR1 genes. SMARCB1 and LZTR1 are tumor supp...
What causes Schwannomatosis ?
What causes schwannomatosis? Some cases of schwannomatosis are caused by changes (mutations) in the SMARCB1 or LZTR1 genes. SMARCB1 and LZTR1 are tumor suppressor genes, which means that they encode a protein that stops cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. Mutations in these genes resu...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the anatomical feature that separates LN 1A from 1B? ### Assistant: The anatomical feature that separates LN 1A from 1B is the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.<|endoftext|>
What is the anatomical feature that separates LN 1A from 1B?
The anatomical feature that separates LN 1A from 1B is the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are some of the characteristics of eosinophilic esophagitis that can be seen on endoscopy? ### Assistant: Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by the presence of esophageal rings and linear f...
What are some of the characteristics of eosinophilic esophagitis that can be seen on endoscopy?
Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by the presence of esophageal rings and linear furrows on endoscopy. These findings are indicative of chronic inflammation and scarring of the esophagus, which can cause difficulty swallowing and other symptoms. In addition to esophageal rings and linear furrows, endoscopy may ...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Urachal cancer ? ### Assistant: Urachal cancer is a rare type of bladder cancer, making up less than 1% of all bladder cancers. Only about 350 cases have been described in the medical lit...
What is (are) Urachal cancer ?
Urachal cancer is a rare type of bladder cancer, making up less than 1% of all bladder cancers. Only about 350 cases have been described in the medical literature to date. The urachus is a primitive structure which before birth connected the bellybutton and the bladder. This connection normally disappears before birth,...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Does postrenal azotemia have an effect on GFR (glomerular filtration rate)? If so, what is the effect? ### Assistant: Yes, postrenal azotemia can lead to a decreased GFR. Postrenal azotemia is a condit...
Does postrenal azotemia have an effect on GFR (glomerular filtration rate)? If so, what is the effect?
Yes, postrenal azotemia can lead to a decreased GFR. Postrenal azotemia is a condition where there is a blockage in the urinary tract, which can prevent the kidneys from properly filtering waste products from the blood. The GFR is a measure of how well the kidneys are filtering waste products from the blood. In postren...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the natural progression of Tetanus? ### Assistant: Complications of a tetanus infection may include: Respiratory or diaphragmatic paralysis Laryngospasm This can be associated with spasms of th...
What is the natural progression of Tetanus?
Complications of a tetanus infection may include: Respiratory or diaphragmatic paralysis Laryngospasm This can be associated with spasms of the muscles of respiration which leads to breathing difficulties. Fractures of the spine or long bones This may result from prolonged contractions and convulsions Hyperactivity of ...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What does the physical examination for Enterobiasis entail? ### Assistant: Patients with enterobiasis usually appear restless. Physical examination of patients with enterobiasis is remarkable for skin ...
What does the physical examination for Enterobiasis entail?
Patients with enterobiasis usually appear restless. Physical examination of patients with enterobiasis is remarkable for skin excoriations as a result of scratching (secondary to perianal itch), perianal skin infections, and visualization of adult worms in the perianal area; usually at night.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which microorganism is the most common causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs)? ### Assistant: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common microorganism responsible for causing urinary tra...
Which microorganism is the most common causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common microorganism responsible for causing urinary tract infections (UTIs).
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the method of distinguishing urticaria from other diseases? ### Assistant: Hereditary or acquired deficiency of complement factor C1 Cutaneous mastocytosis / urticaria pigmentosa Malignancy Exe...
What is the method of distinguishing urticaria from other diseases?
Hereditary or acquired deficiency of complement factor C1 Cutaneous mastocytosis / urticaria pigmentosa Malignancy Exercise‐induced anaphylaxis Connective tissue diseases Photosensitive diseases Poison ivy contact dermatitis: The rash that develops from poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac contact are commonly mist...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: How does secondary hyperparathyroidism affect the serum level of calcium? ### Assistant: Secondary hyperparathyroidism can cause a decrease in the serum level of calcium, a condition known as hypocalce...
How does secondary hyperparathyroidism affect the serum level of calcium?
Secondary hyperparathyroidism can cause a decrease in the serum level of calcium, a condition known as hypocalcemia. This is because secondary hyperparathyroidism is often caused by an underlying condition that leads to a decrease in calcium levels in the blood, such as chronic kidney disease. In response, the parathyr...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the name of the enzyme that is bifunctional and has its function reversed by phosphorylation, and what is the name of the kinase that phosphorylates it? ### Assistant: The enzyme is called fruc...
What is the name of the enzyme that is bifunctional and has its function reversed by phosphorylation, and what is the name of the kinase that phosphorylates it?
The enzyme is called fructose bisphosphatase-2 and phosphofructokinase-2, and its function is reversed by phosphorylation by protein kinase A.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which type of arterioles in the kidney primarily experience vasoconstriction due to SNS activity and catecholamines? ### Assistant: SNS activity and catecholamines primarily cause vasoconstriction of t...
Which type of arterioles in the kidney primarily experience vasoconstriction due to SNS activity and catecholamines?
SNS activity and catecholamines primarily cause vasoconstriction of the renal afferent arterioles.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What does the term "chromosomal translocation" mean? ### Assistant: Reciprocal translocations are usually an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes. They are found in about 1 in 600 hum...
What does the term "chromosomal translocation" mean?
Reciprocal translocations are usually an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes. They are found in about 1 in 600 human newborns. Such translocations are usually harmless and may be found through prenatal diagnosis. However, carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations have increased risks of creating...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the genetic changes related to adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency ? ### Assistant: All forms of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency are caused by mutations in the ADSL gene. This gene provides in...
What are the genetic changes related to adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency ?
All forms of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency are caused by mutations in the ADSL gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called adenylosuccinate lyase, which performs two steps in the process that produces purine nucleotides. These nucleotides are building blocks of DNA, its chemical cousin RNA, an...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which diagnostic study is the preferred choice for detecting myocarditis? ### Assistant: Endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard test to evaluate for the presence of and to subclassify the type...
Which diagnostic study is the preferred choice for detecting myocarditis?
Endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard test to evaluate for the presence of and to subclassify the type of myocarditis. A small tissue sample of the endocardium and myocardium is obtained via right sided cardiac catheterization. The sample is then evaluated by a pathologist using immunochemistry and special st...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the reasoning behind the natural course, potential complications, and expected outcome of Influenza? ### Assistant: The incubation period of influenza is 1 to 4 days. Uncomplicated influenza ca...
What is the reasoning behind the natural course, potential complications, and expected outcome of Influenza?
The incubation period of influenza is 1 to 4 days. Uncomplicated influenza can present with constitutional symptoms and can resolve within 3-7 days; while more complex disease may be observed with patients developing pneumonia, otitis, encephalitis and sepsis.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the most likely cause of fluoroquinolone side effects such as gastrointestinal upset? ### Assistant: What is the most likely cause of fluoroquinolone side effects such as gastrointestinal upset...
What is the most likely cause of fluoroquinolone side effects such as gastrointestinal upset?
What is the most likely cause of fluoroquinolone side effects such as gastrointestinal upset? Fluoroquinolone side effects are most likely mediated by mitochondrial toxicity.
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is the importance of performing a chest x-ray for Hepatorenal syndrome? ### Assistant: Chest X-ray may be helpful in evaluating hyper dynamic state due to vasodailatory effect of Nitirc oxide.<|en...
What is the importance of performing a chest x-ray for Hepatorenal syndrome?
Chest X-ray may be helpful in evaluating hyper dynamic state due to vasodailatory effect of Nitirc oxide. Following conditions may be appreciated on radiography: Enlarged heart - heart failure Pulmonary edema
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What does imaging of meningioma, a CNS tumor, reveal? ### Assistant: Imaging of meningioma, a CNS tumor, reveals a round mass attached to the dura via a "tail". Meningiomas are typically slow-growing t...
What does imaging of meningioma, a CNS tumor, reveal?
Imaging of meningioma, a CNS tumor, reveals a round mass attached to the dura via a "tail". Meningiomas are typically slow-growing tumors that arise from the meninges, the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. They are often detected incidentally on imaging studies performed for other reasons. M...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: Which pharmacokinetic term refers to the hypothetical volume occupied by the total amount of drug in the body relative to its plasma concentration? ### Assistant: The pharmacokinetic term that describe...
Which pharmacokinetic term refers to the hypothetical volume occupied by the total amount of drug in the body relative to its plasma concentration?
The pharmacokinetic term that describes this concept is known as the volume of distribution (Vd).
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What causes Troyer syndrome ? ### Assistant: What causes Troyer syndrome? Troyer syndrome is caused by mutations in the SPG20 gene. This gene gives the body instructions to make a protein called sparti...
What causes Troyer syndrome ?
What causes Troyer syndrome? Troyer syndrome is caused by mutations in the SPG20 gene. This gene gives the body instructions to make a protein called spartin, which is present in many body tissues, including those of the nervous system. However, the function of this protein is not fully understood. It is thought to pla...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What is (are) Human Growth Hormone and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Resource List ? ### Assistant: MAGIC (Major Aspects of Growth in Children) Foundation is a national, nonprofit organization that provide...
What is (are) Human Growth Hormone and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Resource List ?
MAGIC (Major Aspects of Growth in Children) Foundation is a national, nonprofit organization that provides support and education about growth disorders in children and growth hormone deficiency in adults. Staff will help connect people who have similar interests or concerns. The Human Growth Foundation (HGF) is a nonpr...
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### System: You are a medical AI assistant. Provide accurate, evidence-based answers to medical questions. ### User: What are the typical causes of cellulitis, and which bacterial strains are associated with each type? ### Assistant: Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that is typically caused by Streptococcus p...
What are the typical causes of cellulitis, and which bacterial strains are associated with each type?
Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that is typically caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (nonpurulent) or Staphylococcus aureus (purulent). Nonpurulent cellulitis is characterized by redness, warmth, and swelling of the skin, while purulent cellulitis is associated with the formation of pus-filled abscesses. Other b...
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