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11,366,576
|
[claim] 1. A machine tool comprising, a bed; a saddle disposed on said bed to be movable in a forward and backward (Y-axis) direction in a front view of the machine; a table disposed on said saddle to be movable in a right and left (X-axis) direction; a column in a gate shape bridged over a travel range of said table and fixed on said bed; a spindle head disposed on said column to support a spindle and movable in a vertical (Z-axis) direction; a workpiece changer that turns a workpiece together with a pallet or turns the workpiece independently, for workpiece replacement, between a workpiece standby position set on a back face side of said bed and said table placed at a workpiece change position, the workpiece changer being disposed so as to set the workpiece change position at a position under the column. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein said column has right and left legs and a beam connecting tops of the right and left legs to be formed in the gate shape. 3. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the beam of said column is displaced from the right and left legs toward a back face side of the machine and is positioned at a substantially center portion of said bed in terms of the Y-axis direction. 4. The machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising a turn shaft disposed on the back face side of the bed and turning the pallet or the workpiece, wherein the workpiece standby position is set outside the machine on the back face side of said bed and the workpiece change position is set under said column. 5. The machine tool according to claim 2, further comprising a turn shaft disposed on the back face side of the bed and turning the pallet or the workpiece, wherein the workpiece standby position is set outside the machine on the back face side of said bed and the workpiece change position is set under said column. 6. The machine tool according to claim 3, further comprising a turn shaft disposed on the back face side of the bed and turning the pallet or the workpiece, wherein the workpiece standby position is set outside the machine on the back face side of said bed and the workpiece change position is set under said column.
|
['B23C900']
|
claim
|
12,378,375
|
[invention] It is generally known to use automated bagging systems for meat products such as individual cuts of meat. In such known systems, the cuts of meat are individually placed or wrapped in a bag and air is subsequently evacuated from the bag. However, one shortcoming associated with such known bagging systems is that cuts of meat are sporadically conveyed to such bagging systems in an ebb and flow of product, resulting in one or more of a lack of timely product, blockages, and massive accumulation of product at the bagging systems. It is also generally known to use machines that function to provide separation and single file placement of raw bulk poultry that is provided to a weighing scale (e.g. AEW Delford Systems checkweighers scale model No. G1000 commercially available from Marel Food Systems of Lexena, Kans.) or a check weigh scale (e.g. commercially available from Marel Food Systems of Lexena, Kans.). One such machine for use with bulk poultry is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,740,899 entitled “Positive Spacing Conveyor Apparatus” issued Apr. 21, 1998 to Roger Dale Pugh et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Accordingly, there is a need for systems for conveying food items to an automated bagging system or other downstream processing system. Further there is a need for systems for conveying food items to an automated bagging system that aids in the prevention of one or more of untimely product, blockages, and accumulation of product at the bagging or packaging systems.
|
['B65B2506']
|
background
|
12,325,660
|
TONER, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TONER AND IMAGE FORMATION METHOD [SEP] [abstract] A toner including a binder resin, a coloring agent, a releasing agent and a modified laminar inorganic mineral, wherein the toner is granulated by dispersing the coloring agent, the releasing agent, the modified laminar inorganic mineral and at least one of the binder resin and a precursor thereof in an organic solvent to form an oil phase, dispersing the oil phase in an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion emulsion and removing solvents therefrom, and the toner satisfies the following relationship (1): 0.2≦{1/Dv (μm)}×Sb (m2/g)≦1.4, where Dv represents a volume average particle diameter of the toner, and Sb represents a BET specific surface area of the toner.
|
['G03G908' 'G03G9087' 'G03G2106']
|
abstract
|
11,043,775
|
[invention] Journey planning involves planning a route between an origin and a destination. The route may include waypoints between the origin and the destination. Existing techniques for journey involve planning a route that satisfies specified parameters. For example, the route may be planned to satisfy a starting time and an ending time. Most existing techniques, however, provide rigid offerings that do little to simplify or automate journey planning.
|
['G01C2134']
|
background
|
11,996,441
|
[claim] 1. A method of sterilizing a room until sterilized 99.99% or greater, comprising: providing a room sterilizer comprising at least one source of ultraviolet radiation, substantially in the UV C band range, and at least one source of ozone; providing a room that is substantially air-tight; evacuating personnel from the room; emitting said ultraviolet radiation and said ozone until room is sterilized 99.99% or greater. 2. The method of claim 1 in which said room sterilizer has a detector adapted to sense the presence of persons within the room and further adapted to prevent functioning of said room sterilizer when said persons are within the room. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2 in which said room sterilizer has an alarm adapted to sound when personnel are in the room and the room sanitizer is on or there exists dangerous levels of ambient ozone. 4. The method of claim 1 in which a sink trap is provided, said sink-trap adapted to be sterilized by UV C band range radiation, and in which said sink trap is then continuously sterilized by UV C band range radiation. 5. A method of sterilizing a sink trap, comprising: providing a sink-trap containing sink-trap piping adapted with UV transparent materials; providing a source of UV radiation substantially in the UV C band range; emitting UV radiation from said source into said sink-trap. 6. The method of claim 5 in which UV radiation is emitted continuously. 7. A sink-trap sterilizer, comprising: a source of ultraviolet radiation, substantially in the UV C band range; a sink-trap pipe adapted to allow UV C band radiation to pass through the pipe material; a power source adapted to power said source of ultraviolet radiation; a housing enclosing said source of ultraviolet radiation. 8. The sink-trap sterilizer of claim 7 in which said housing is adapted to dissipate heat 9. The sink-trap sterilizer of claim 8 in which said housing is adapted to dissipate heat by being composed of metal 10. The sink-trap sterilizer of claim 9 in which said metal is aluminum. 11. The sink-trap sterilizer of either claim 7 or 8 in which said housing has an internal reflective surface. 12. The sink-trap sterilizer of claim 7 in which said sink-trap pipe material is made of quartz. 13. A method of sterilizing a room until sterilized 99.99% or greater, comprising: providing a room sterilizer comprising at least one source of ultraviolet radiation, substantially in the UV C band range, and at least one source of ozone; providing a room that is substantially airtight; providing a sink-trap containing sink-trap piping adapted with UV transparent materials; providing a source of UV radiation substantially in the UV C band range; continuously emitting UV radiation from said source into said sink-trap; evacuating personnel from the room; emitting said ultraviolet radiation and said ozone until room is sterilized 99.99% or greater.
|
['A61L210' 'B01J1912']
|
claim
|
12,334,620
|
[summary] It is one object of the invention to provide an improved vacuum truck where there is provided a separation system within a transportation and storage tank to remove liquid content from solids content so as to allow the liquid to be returned and to increase the amount of available transportation area within the tank for the solids to be transported to a remote location. According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a vacuum truck comprising: a truck frame mounted on ground wheels; a vacuum pump mounted on the truck frame for generating an air flow through the pump to form a vacuum inlet on one side of the pump and an air outlet on an opposed side of the pump; a vacuum hose having an inlet nozzle for communicating air flow from a material to be vacuumed to carry the material in the air flow to a hose outlet; a storage tank having a tank inlet connected to the hose outlet of the vacuum hose for receiving the material carried in the air flow; at least one tank extraction outlet connected by a duct to the vacuum inlet of the pump such that air flow is drawn from the tank by the vacuum pump through the duct which generates the air flow in the vacuum hose to carry the material; the tank being arranged such that the materials carried in the airflow are discharged from the airflow as the airflow passes through the tank from the vacuum hose to the tank extraction outlet; the tank including a separation system therein for separating the materials generally into a liquid component and a solids component; a liquid pump mounted in the tank for extracting the separated liquid component from the tank to increase a storage capacity of the tank for the solids component to be collected and transported in the tank on the truck to a remote location for discharge; a discharge door at one end of the tank for discharging the collected solids component; a lifting arrangement for tilting the tank so as to discharge the collected solids component through the discharge door; the separation system including a generally upstanding dividing wall across the tank dividing a solids collection area on one side from a liquid collection area on the other side, with the solids collection area being located adjacent the discharge door, with the water pump having an inlet located in the liquid collection area and with the tank inlet located in the solids collection area; the dividing wall having a bottom wall portion, which is substantially imperforate and has a top edge defining a weir over which liquid can flow into the liquid collection area, and an upper screening section, which is perforated to allow the liquid to pass over the top edge into the liquid collection area while restricting passage of the solids. Preferably the upper screening section extends from the top edge to a top wall of the tank to allow the tank to be filled to the top wall with the solids. Preferably the upper screening section includes a hanging curtain formed by a series of side by side lengths of chain. Such hanging chain lengths are self cleaning and resistant to damage from heavy components in the solids. Preferably the lengths of chain are connected only at a top end so that the other end of each length is free and the length is suspended vertically with the other end of the lengths in contact with or closely adjacent the top edge of the bottom wall portion. Preferably the upper screening section includes a perforated screen support on the side of the curtain which is within the liquid collection area to prevent the curtain from being forced into the liquid collection area by the weight of collection of solids within the solids collection area and thus to hold the solids in the solid collection area. Other types of screening section can be used but the chains are particular effective in that they are rugged and resistant to damage and self cleaning. The separating action is relatively crude since some solids can enter the liquid area without causing a breakdown, blockage or damage. However the intention is to extract as much water as is reasonably possible with a simple rugged system so as to increase the amount of solids contained. Preferably the bottom wall portion is mounted for pivotal movement about a horizontal axis at or adjacent the top edge so as to pivot during tilting of the tank to open and allow discharge of materials collected at a bottom of the liquid collection area. Also any liquid collecting behind the bottom portion which acts as a door can flow over the bottom of the tank in a cleaning action to help wash away any remaining solids at the bottom of the tank Preferably the pivotal bottom wall portion or door reaches substantially to a bottom wall of the tank so that effectively all material at the bottom wall can discharge by flowing over the bottom of the tank when the tank is tilted. Any water remaining at the bottom of the water collection area can be used to rinse the remaining solids from the tan. Preferably there is provided a back-stop to prevent pivotal movement of the bottom wall portion or door in the reverse direction into the liquid collection area caused by the weight of solids collected in the solids collection area and resting against the door. Preferably the liquid pump is mounted in the liquid collection area with its inlet in a caged area inside the liquid collection area and below the top edge. Preferably the tank extraction outlet or outlets and the tank inlet are mounted at a top of the tank so as to allow the tank to be filled substantially to the top. Preferably the tank extraction outlets include a first tank extraction outlet in the liquid collection area mounted at an end of the tank remote
|
['C02F140' 'B01D35157' 'C02F10306']
|
summary
|
11,172,673
|
[description] Referring to FIG. 1, a sailboat 10 includes a hull 12 with a deck or foredeck 14 as the top surface thereof and from which extends a mast 16 that supports a main sail 18 in conjunction with a boom 20. At the front of the mast 16 is provided a jib sail or jib 22. A stay cable or forestay 24 is connected between a point at or near the top of the mast 16 and the foredeck 14. In the preferred embodiment, a bowsprit 26 is mounted on the sailboat 10 extending from the mast 16 through a mounting bracket 28 for the forestay cable 24. The bowsprit 26 shown in FIG. 1 is in its retracted position and, in one embodiment of the invention, extends no farther than the bow 30 of the boat when in the retracted position. The bowsprit 26 is connected to the mast 16 by a clip or snap-shackle 32 as with a conventional spinnaker pole. The snap-shackle 32 permits the bowsprit to easily be removed from the foredeck when not in use. Also, the snap-shackle 32 permits the inboard end of the bowsprit adjacent to the mast to be released and reconnected to a different location on the foredeck 14 such as at a fastening member 34. Two or more such fastening members may be provided on the foredeck 14 at symmetrical locations to permit the inboard end of the bowsprit 26 to be connected at symmetrical angles either on port or starboard portions of the foredeck. Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment, the inboard end of the bowsprit may be attached to a partially circular track mounted on the foredeck 14 in front of the mast, so that the inboard end of the bowsprit may be easily adjusted under load to change the angle of the bowsprit and spinnaker sail in relation to the centerline of the boat. Either method of adjusting the inboard attachment of the bowsprit permits the boat to sail at a deeper angle (more downwind) of up to approximately 20° to 25° more than is possible with a fixed or retractable bowsprit mounted into the hull of the boat. To accommodate these changes in bowsprit angles, the bracket 28 swivels, as will be described later. The bracket 28 includes a bridle ring 36 that connects the forestay 24 to the foredeck 14 through the bracket 28. Turning now to FIG. 2, the bowsprit 26 includes an outer sleeve 38 and an inner telescoping extension or pole 40 which is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in its retracted position. The bridle 36 is in the form of a split ring which is mounted to the swivel. The bowsprit 26 has the outer sleeve 38 passing through a collar 46 of the bracket 28. The sleeve 38 may slide in the collar 46 so as to allow the bowsprit to be moved to a position that extends outward from the bow of the boat. The ring 46 is mounted by a pivot 48 to a base 50 that connects to the foredeck 14 through a teardrop shaped deck mounting plate 100. The pivot 48 permits the collar 46 to tilt at various angles. This enables the bowsprit 26 to be tilted at different angles during release of the latch 32 at the mast and allows positioning of the bowsprit at other positions on the boat 10. The pivot 48 also holds the two curved sections making up the bridle ring 36 to the base 50 in a pivotable manner. The split bridle ring 36 is independently pivotable about the pivot member 48 so that changes in the angle of the bridle ring 36 does not affect the forestay nor does it affect the collar 46 of the bowsprit 26. Similarly, changing the angle of the bowsprit and thus the angle of the collar 46 does not affect the angle of the forestay 24 or exert any significant force on the forestay 24 that is supported on the bridle ring 36. The base 50 is attached to the mounting plate 100 on the foredeck 14 by a pair of mounting bolts 52. When it is in a retracted position, the outer sleeve 38 encloses the entire inner pole 40 except for its end cap. The inner pole 40 has a central bore 54 in its end cap through which a rope or tack line 105 extends for supporting the tack or forward corner of the spinnaker sail. The bowsprit 26 is mounted on the boat by sliding the outer sleeve 38 through the collar 46, and connecting the snap shackle 32 to the mast. The bowsprit 26 may be extended by adjusting the inner extendable pole 40 outward from the outer sleeve 38 to support the tack of the spinnaker sail forward and outboard of the bow 30. The top of the two bridle ring parts 36 have holes 56 for connection of the jib forestay 24. Turning now to FIG. 3, the two halves of the bridle ring 36 with the forestay mounting holes 56 at the top thereof extend around the sleeve 46. The base 50 that supports the bridle ring 36 and sleeve 46 includes arcuate slots 60 through which the deck mounting bolts 52 extend. The deck mounting nuts 101 are tightened down on the bolts 52. Because the deck mounting nuts 101 have collars 106 (as shown in FIG. 9) that are slightly thicker than the thickness of the base plate 50, they do not clamp the base plate tight to the mounting plate 100. The collared nuts 101 therefore permit the collar 46 and bridle ring 36 to rotate about a vertical axis by sliding movement of base plate 50 about the bolts 52 in the arcuate slots 60. This rotation permits the bowsprit 26 to pivot by approximately 22° to 25° in either direction, as indicated by the broken lines in FIG. 3. The addition of the bridle ring 36 to accomplish
|
['B63H910']
|
detailed_description
|
11,234,198
|
[description] Reference will now be made in detail to the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The implementations set forth in the following description do not represent all implementations consistent with the claimed invention. Instead, they are merely some examples consistent with certain aspects related to the invention. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. A business object node (also referred to herein as an object node or a node) refers to a component of a business object. For instance, “Purchase Order” may be a business object, while a “Purchase Order Item” (e.g., a product such as a screw) may be a business object node. Every business object node may be uniquely identified. Each node may be assigned an identification number, which typically is a technical identifier (referred to herein as an ID). The identifier may not be meaningful (or readable) to a human reader. A business object node may have a text description stored in a text field. A text field is a data structure that holds alphanumeric data, such as a name or an address. A text node may be a business object node containing at least one text field. A description of a business object node may be stored as text in a text field of a text node. A business object node may have many text descriptions. For instance, if a business object node is a “product,” the product may map to various text descriptions. The product can be called “screw” in English, “schraube” in German, and “tornillo” in Spanish, and so forth. Systems and methods consistent with the present invention may map, at run time, an ID to its corresponding text, and provide the corresponding text instead of the ID to a user interface. run time. FIG. 1 includes a user 110, a user interface (UI) 120, network connections 170a-170b, a front end system 130, and a back end system 140. Front end system 130 may be implemented as a computer serving as a client computer, and may include an UI pattern engine 131, and a generic client proxy (GCP) 132. Back end system 140 may be implemented as a computer serving as a server computer, and may also include a service manager 142, service adaptation 133, and an enterprise services repository 150. System 100 may be implemented as part of an enterprise services framework. An enterprise services framework is a computer framework that allows applications, such as services, to be aggregated to form composite business-level applications. Although FIG. 1 is described with respect to an enterprise services framework, system 100 can utilize any other framework or software architectural environment. For example, front end system 130 may be implemented as a client, and back end system 140 may be implemented as a server in a client server environment. User 110 may be any entity. For example, user 110 may be a purchasing manager who fills out a purchase form through a user interface 120. User interface 120 may provide content, such as visual displays, to user 110. Moreover, user interface 120 may include a browser configured on front end system 130 for interacting with services, such as service adaptation 133. For example, the browser of user interface 120 may connect, at run time, to UI pattern engine 131 through network connections 170a to view and interact with content from back end system 140 using the generic client proxy 132. User 110 may request, at run time, an instance of a business object (e.g., a purchase order form) through user interface 120. User interface 120 may then request a purchase order form configuration from front end system 130. Network connections 170a-170b may include, alone or in any suitable combination, a telephony-based network, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a dedicated intranet, wireless LAN, the Internet, a wireless network, a bus, or any other communication mechanisms. Further, any suitable combination of wired and/or wireless components and systems may be used to provide network connections 170a-170b. Moreover, network connections 170a-170b may be embodied using bi-directional, unidirectional communication links, or direct links. Further, network connections 170a-170b may implement protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Remote Procedure Call (RPC), and the like. UI pattern engine 131 may receive configuration information of the requested user interface design, such as the configuration information of the purchase order form, from user interface 120. The configuration information, such as the purchase order form and its configuration, may be predetermined (e.g., designed before run time). At run time, UI pattern engine 131 may interpret the configuration information, and transform the configuration information into an Application Programming Interface (API) call to service adaptation 133 through service manager 142 and generic client proxy 132. Run time represents the time period corresponding to the interactions of a user interface with applications, such as services, at a server. Generic client proxy 132 may have an API that is accessible to UI pattern engine 131 and user interface 120. The service manager 142 at backend system 140 may provide an interface, such as a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) or a
|
['G06F1730']
|
detailed_description
|
12,185,246
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to structural materials and methods used in the general areas of quality and nondestructive testing, structural health monitoring, and detection of forces. 2. Description of the Related Art Ultrasonic testing and vibrational resonance techniques are commonly used nondestructive techniques to test the integrity of polymer matrix composite structures and other structures. These techniques may be used to perform quality control tests at the time of manufacture, and/or structural health monitoring tests over the life of the structure. Piezoelectric transducers have been placed on such materials to both generate and receive ultrasonic and vibrational signals. Ultrasonic testing techniques may employ longitudinal, shear, or surface waves. Defects existing in the structure may cause an irregularity in the ultrasonic signal, if the defect is located in an area probed by the ultrasonic signal. Defects in the structure may also alter its vibrational resonance response, if the defects are located in an area that is probed by the vibrational signal introduced into the structure. For nondestructive quality control testing, skilled and expensive technicians have been needed to properly perform ultrasonic scans. Such ultrasonic testing is often a time consuming operation that slows down production. Vibrational resonance techniques have not been as commonly used, due to the expense and complexity of developing the necessary experimental apparatus. The ultrasonic method in particular suffers from the drawback that it is directional. Thus only limited parts of the structure may be examined at any one time. Full characterization of a structure, especially a complex structure, is a difficult, time-consuming, and expensive operation. In large structures, such as those used on aircraft and bridges, piezoelectric wafer active sensors have been utilized. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors are flat, rectangular sensors made of ceramic material. The sensors are bonded to the structure, and their response over time is examined as part of a structural health monitoring operation. One problem with piezoelectric wafer active sensors is that they must be bonded to the structure, and the bond is prone to break down over time. Another problem is that such sensors do not easily conform to curved surfaces, and are easily broken. They may also produce unacceptable irregularities on aerodynamic surfaces, or they may detract from the aesthetic appeal of other structures. From the foregoing it will be appreciated that improvements of this area of endeavor would be welcome.
|
['G01P1509']
|
background
|
11,559,090
|
[summary] Embodiments of the present invention generally provide methods and apparatus for performing ray tracing. According to one embodiment of the invention a method of invalidating data in a memory cache is provided. The method generally comprising: creating a first memory directory entry corresponding to a first portion of the memory cache and a second memory directory entry corresponding to a second portion of the memory cache, wherein the memory directory entries provide effective address to real address translation for the data in the memory cache; setting a first bit in the first memory directory entry to indicate the first memory directory entry is invalid upon the reception of a distributed time base signal; generating the distributed time base signal; setting a second bit in the first and second memory directory entries in response to the distributed time base signal; receiving a request for memory address translation for the first portion of the memory cache; and determining the first memory directory entry is invalid by examining the first bit and the second bit in the first memory directory entry. According to another embodiment of the invention a computer readable medium is provided which, when executed, performs an operation. The operation generally comprising: creating a first memory directory entry corresponding to a first portion of a memory cache and a second memory directory entry corresponding to a second portion of the memory cache, wherein the memory directory entries provide effective address to real address translation for the data in the memory cache; setting a first bit in the first memory directory entry to indicate the first memory directory entry is invalid upon the reception of a distributed time base signal; generating the distributed time base signal; setting a second bit in the first and second memory directory entries in response to the distributed time base signal; receiving a request for memory address translation for the first portion of the memory cache; and determining the first memory directory entry is invalid by examining the first bit and the second bit in the first memory directory entry. According to another embodiment of the invention a system is provided. The system generally comprising: a frame refresh timer circuit coupled to a first processing element, wherein the frame refresh timer circuit is configured to generate a periodic distributed time base signal; a memory cache comprising at least a first portion and a second portion; a memory directory comprising at least a first directory entry which provides effective address to real address translation for data within the first portion of the memory cache and a second directory entry which provides effective address to real address translation for data within the second portion of the memory cache; and wherein the processing element is configured to: set an invalidate memory entry on distributed time base signal bit in the first directory entry; set a received distributed time base signal bit in at least the first directory entry and the second directory entry upon a reception of the distributed time base signal; receive a request for memory address translation for data located in the first portion of the memory cache; and determine the first memory directory entry is invalid by comparing the invalidate memory entry on distributed time base signal bit with the received distributed time base signal bit.
|
['G06F1208']
|
summary
|
11,653,001
|
[invention] This invention relates to volatile memory elements, and more particularly, to random access memory for integrated circuits such as configuration random access memory for programmable logic device integrated circuits. Integrated circuits often contain volatile memory elements. In programmable logic devices, volatile memory elements are used to store configuration data. This type of memory is often referred to as configuration random-access memory (CRAM). Programmable logic devices are a type of integrated circuit that can be customized in relatively small batches to implement a desired logic design. In a typical scenario, a programmable logic device manufacturer designs and manufactures uncustomized programmable logic device integrated circuits in advance. Later, a logic designer uses a logic design system to design a custom logic circuit. The logic design system uses information on the hardware capabilities of the manufacturer's programmable logic devices to help the designer implement the logic circuit using the resources available on a given programmable logic device. The logic design system creates configuration data based on the logic designer's custom design. When the configuration data is loaded into the configuration random-access memory elements of one of the programmable logic devices, it programs the logic of that programmable logic device so that the programmable logic device implements the designer's logic circuit. The use of programmable logic devices can significantly reduce the amount of effort required to implement a desired integrated circuit design. Conventional configuration random-access memory elements are formed using six-transistor cells. As semiconductor manufacturing technology improves, it is becoming possible to fabricate the transistors that make up the memory elements with increasingly small dimensions. It is generally desirable to shrink component sizes as much as possible to reduce costs and improve performance. It is may also be desirable to operate components at reduced power supply voltages to minimize power consumption. As components shrink in size and as power supply voltages scale, a number of factors arise that can adversely impact memory element stability. Memory element stability is affected by the amount of noise on each transistor. Noise may be produced by particle strikes such as strikes by neutrons or alpha particles. Noise may also be capacitively coupled into a memory element from nearby circuitry. When noise from these sources is introduced into a memory element, the memory element can erroneously change its state. Memory element stability is also affected by transistor threshold voltage variations. Threshold voltage variations are a statistical byproduct of the discrete nature of the ions used when forming implant regions for a transistor. To ensure that these factors do not make the memory elements unstable, conventional random-access memory elements have transistors with enlarged areas (i.e., enlarged gate widths). Transistors with enlarged areas store more critical charge than smaller transistors and are therefore less susceptible to noise such as noise from particle strikes. Transistors with enlarged areas are also less susceptible to threshold voltage variations and are better able to avoid interference from read and write operations performed on adjacent memory elements. However, the need to increase the sizes of the transistors in conventional configuration random-access memory elements has an adverse impact on circuit real estate consumption. On a typical programmable logic device integrated circuit, the area consumed by the configuration random-access memory elements may be a significant fraction of the total area of the integrated circuit. As a result, the area penalty that is imposed by the need to enlarge transistor sizes to ensure adequate memory element stability may be nonnegligible. It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide improved configuration random-access memory elements.
|
['H03K19094' 'G11C502']
|
background
|
11,409,920
|
[claim] 1. A method for implementing a monitoring system for monitoring equipment health, comprising the steps of: generating a first empirical model from reference data representing a piece of equipment; generating a second empirical model from the reference data; generating at least one performance metric for said first empirical model; generating at least one performance metric for said second empirical model; upon comparing the at least one performance metrics from said first and said second empirical models, selecting one of them to use for monitoring the piece of equipment. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one performance metric is selected from the set comprising a measure of robustness, a measure of spill-over, and a measure of minimum detectable shift. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one performance metric is a measure of robustness. 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said measure of robustness comprises: providing a set of multivariate test data representative of normal operation of said piece of equipment; adding a disturbance to at least one variable of said set of normal test data, over at least some of said normal test data samples; generating estimates with each said empirical model of said normal test data; generating estimates with each said empirical model of said disturbed normal test data; and for each said empirical model, differencing the estimates of said disturbed normal test data with the estimates of said normal test data to determine a measure of robustness for each disturbed variable. 5. A method according to claim 4, further comprising the steps of determining an overall model robustness for each said empirical model by combining said measures of robustness for every disturbed variable in each said empirical model. 6. A method according to claim 4, wherein the measure of robustness for a disturbed variable is determined by summing the absolute values of all differences between estimates for disturbed normal test data and estimates for normal test data for the disturbed variable, and dividing the sum by the quantity of the count of all disturbed samples multiplied by the disturbance size. 7. A method according to claim 6, wherein for each sample of said disturbed normal test data, a disturbance is added to at most one variable. 8. A method according to claim 6, wherein said first empirical model is a kernel-based model. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said first empirical model is a similarity-based model. 10. A method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one performance metric is a measure of spill-over. 11. A method according to claim 10, wherein said measure of spill-over comprises: providing a set of multivariate test data representative of normal operation of said piece of equipment; adding a disturbance to at least one variable of said set of normal test data, over at least some of said normal test data samples; generating estimates with each said empirical model of said normal test data; generating estimates with each said empirical model of said disturbed normal test data; and for each said empirical model, differencing the estimates of at least one other variable for said disturbed normal test data with the estimates of the other variable for said normal test data, determining normalized RMS for said differences, and dividing by a measure of variance in the disturbed variable absent the disturbance, to determine a measure of impact on the other variable for the disturbed variable. 12. A method according to claim 11, further comprising averaging measures of impact across all other variables for the disturbed variable to provide a measure of spill-over for said disturbed variable. 13. A method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one performance metric is a measure of minimum detectable shift. 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein said measure of minimum detectable shift comprises: providing a set of multivariate test data representative of normal operation of said piece of equipment; adding a disturbance to at least one target variable of said set of normal test data, over at least some of said normal test data samples; generating estimates with each said empirical model of said normal test data; generating estimates with each said empirical model of said disturbed normal test data; for each said empirical model, differencing the estimates of said disturbed normal test data with the estimates of said normal test data to determine a measure of robustness for the target variable; determining a bias in estimates for the target variable; determining a measure of variance for the target variable; and determining a minimum detectable shift for the target variable equivalent to the measure of robustness for the target variable plus the quantity of the estimate bias for the target variable multiplied by the measure of variance in the target variable. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein said first empirical model is a kernel-based model. 16. A method according to claim 15, wherein said first empirical model is a similarity-based model. 17. A computer software apparatus for determining the performance of a model-based monitoring system for monitoring equipment health, comprising: a processor for executing computer code; a memory for storing reference data and test data representative of a piece of equipment; a first computer code module disposed to cause said processor to generate a model of said piece of equipment from said reference data; a second computer code module disposed to cause said processor to use said model to generate normal estimates of said test data; and a third computer code module disposed to cause said processor to add a disturbance value to one variable per sample, for at least a some of the samples comprising said test data, generate an estimate of each such sample, compare the estimate to the corresponding one of said normal estimates for said test data, and generate a model performance metric therefrom. 18. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said model performance metric is a measure of robustness. 19. An apparatus
|
['G06F1710']
|
claim
|
11,865,387
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-section of a reservoir-type transdermal dosage form. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-section of a polymer-matrix transdermal dosage form. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-section of a drug-in-adhesive transdermal dosage form. FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-section of an alternative drug-in-adhesive transdermal dosage form. FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs depicting an amount of extracted Opioid or Antagonist vs. time. 5.
|
['A61K970' 'A61K314184' 'A61K31439' 'A61K3144' 'A61K314439' 'A61P2504'
'A61K31445' 'A61K314535' 'A61K31485' 'A61K315377']
|
detailed_description
|
12,487,928
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display substrate, a display device having the display substrate, and a method of manufacturing the display substrate. More particularly, the present invention relates to a display substrate that may have decreased defects. 2. Discussion of the Background Generally, a display substrate of a display device includes a plurality of conductive lines, a plurality of switching elements, and a plurality of pixel electrodes. The conductive lines, switching elements, and pixel electrodes may be formed through a plurality of thin film deposition and photolithography processes. Each photolithography process typically includes an exposure process, a development process, a stripping process, an etching process, etc. Light is irradiated through a photo mask onto a photoresist film in the exposure process. The exposure process may require an expensive exposing device and the photo mask. Thus, manufacturing cost and time may be increased. Therefore, a display substrate manufacturing method that uses fewer exposure processes has been developed. However, when using fewer exposure processes, the photoresist film may be irregularly developed to change the thickness of the photoresist film and to form an undercut under the photoresist film. Thus, yield of the display substrate may decrease.
|
['G02F1136' 'H01L29786']
|
background
|
11,463,784
|
[description] A machine and a method for forming composite materials are provided. By way of overview, the machine includes a frame and at least one forming beam attached to the frame, the at least one beam being arranged to align with a mandrel. The forming beam is pivotally segmented into at least two segments to conform to the shape of the mandrel or alternately is bendable to conform to the shape of the mandrel. The mandrel is receivable within the frame in alignment with the forming beam. An apparatus is also provided to position a composite charge over the mandrel and to position the mandrel within the frame. A further apparatus is provided to transport the mandrel and to urge the mandrel toward the forming beam. FIG. 1 illustrates an example drape forming machine 10 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the machine 10 has a frame 12 with an open side 14. A mandrel tool 90 removably fits within the open side 14 of the frame 12. Composite parts such as beams and aircraft spars may be formed by the machine 10. Any suitable configuration of the frame 12 that allows the mandrel tool 90 to removably fit within the frame 12 may be utilized. By way of example, in lieu of an open side 14, the mandrel tool 90 may suitably be fitted into the frame 12 through an end. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the frame 12 is approximately 48 feet long, and the open side 14 allows access for a 43-foot long mandrel tool 90. The frame has a plurality of cross members 13 and legs 15. The frame 12 rests on a floor that has been leveled to plus or minus 0.1 inch. It will be appreciated that any suitable uniform floor or support may be utilized for the machine 10 and the mandrel tool 90. FIG. 2 is an end view of the example machine 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 and shows the details of the forming machine 10 and the mandrel tool 90. Movably attached to the frame 12 are forming beams 20 utilized to form a composite material charge (not shown) over a mandrel 92 attached to the mandrel tool 90. The mandrel 92 is shaped to form the part being molded by the machine 10 when the composite charge is molded over the mandrel 92. In this embodiment, the forming beams 20 are held by forming beam supports 22 which ride on linear bearings 23 attached to the frame 12. The linear bearings 23 allow the forming beams 20 to be positioned against the mandrel 92 for forming the composite charge over the mandrel 92. The forming beams are positioned utilizing acme screwjacks and servo motors (not shown). The forming beams 20 are suspended beneath the frame 12 of the machine 10 with the large linear bearings 23 allowing lateral movement of the beams. The forming beams 20 are segmented at the linear bearing 23 locations so that the forming beams can be bent or reconfigured to match tapers, doglegs, or large contours of the mandrel. It will be appreciated that flexibly positioning the segments of the forming beams 20 allows the machine 10 to be configured to match the shape of many different mandrels, and thus to form a wide variety of composite parts, such as spars with tapers or joggles or curved beams. Actuators are located at the pivot points (not shown) between the segments of the forming beams 20. Although in this embodiment the actuators utilize acme screwjacks and servo motors (not shown), it will be appreciated that any suitable method of moving the forming beams and holding them in position relative to the mandrel 92 may be utilized. For example, the forming beams 20 are suitably actuated with pneumatic cylinders and set pins, hydraulic cylinders, electrical solenoids, linear motors, or scissor jacks. Forming bladders 28 are attached to the forming beams 20. In one embodiment, the forming bladders 28 suitably are inflated fire hose. It will be appreciated that any suitable flexible or pivoting material may be utilized to press the composite charge against the mandrel 92. Also attached to the forming beams 20 are charge supports 26 which support the portions of the composite charge (not shown) which overhang the mandrel 92 before they are pressed against the mandrel tool by the forming bladder 28. The combination of the forming beams 20, mandrel 92, and charge supports 26 implement the forming method of the above-identified related application, “Forming Method for Composites.” It will also be appreciated that the machine of this invention and its component systems may be utilized in other forming methods. The overhanging portions of the composite charge being urged against the mandrel 92 are held in an “S” shape by the forming bladder 28 and the charge support 26. This method minimizes the area and the amount of sliding where the composite charge laminate plys slide past one another as they are bent over the mandrel 92. The method also assists in maintaining the laminate plys in tension as the forming process occurs. Supporting the unformed portions of the composite charge and progressively bending the composite charge to maintain an “S” shape minimizes out-of-plane fiber distortion. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, pinch bladders or plates are not utilized to hold the composite charge against the charge supports 26 during forming. Instead, the stiffness of the composite charge serves to hold the unformed portions of the composite charge against the charge supports 26, and thus substantially parallel with the upper surface of the mandrel 92. Substantially parallel suitably includes an angle ranging from parallel with the upper surface of the mandrel 92 (0°) to a small angle up to 20°. Thus, in this embodiment, forming occurs without a pinch bladder or a pinch plate. The mandrel tool 90 with the mandrel 92 is lifted up within the frame 12 between the forming beams 20, thereby forming and molding the composite
|
['B65H100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,254,503
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an information processing apparatus provided with a library apparatus; FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a library control unit; FIG. 3 is an external diagram showing a library apparatus with an inner locker pulled out; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an inner structure of a library apparatus; FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing a replacement procedure of a robot unit; FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing a replacement procedure of a robot unit; FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a replacement procedure of a robot unit; FIG. 8 is a diagram showing process sequences of an operator, a host computer and library apparatus; FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing control processing of a host computer; FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing control processing of a library control unit; and FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing control processing of a robot control unit.
|
['G11B1902']
|
detailed_description
|
11,249,767
|
Display device and electronic appliance using the same [SEP] [abstract] The present invention provides a display device including a nonvolatile memory circuit to which data can be added without increasing the number of manufacturing steps, and an electronic appliance using the display device. A display device of the present invention has a memory circuit that includes a memory element with a simple structure in which an organic compound layer is interposed between a pair of conductive layers. According to the present invention having the above mentioned structure, a display device having a nonvolatile memory circuit to which data can be added can be provided without increasing the number of manufacturing steps.
|
['H01L3300']
|
abstract
|
11,822,009
|
[invention] This invention relates to a video apparatus that reads moving image information recorded on a recording medium, creates thumbnail image information representing a list of the contents of the image information, and displays thumbnails indicated by the thumbnail image information. In recent years, light, small-size storage media having a large amount of memory capacity have been offered for practical use. In particular, readily attachable/detachable storage media, such as magnetooptical (MO) disks and high capacity disks such as those sold under the trademark ZIP, as well as drives that access such storage media, have become less expensive and their use is becoming widespread. Meanwhile, a high-performance video apparatus, which is to replace an 8 mm video camera, has been developed which has high efficiency and a high degree of freedom in image editing when used with advanced information processing techniques and can respond to various demands in practical use. Such high-performance video apparatus are known as digital moving picture cameras. FIGS. 12 and 13 show the structure of a conventional video apparatus. The output of image pick-up unit 101 (e.g., a CCD) is connected to the input of image processing converter 102 . The image processing converter 102 , display 103 , command unit 104 , recording unit 105 , and main memory 106 are connected to the bus terminal of processor 108 through common bus 107 . In order to simplify the explanation, it is presumed that the recording unit 105 is an IDE-type drive unit. The command unit 104 has a recording button 104 a provided on the L-shaped cylindrical case of the video apparatus. The image pick-up unit 101 is provided on the tip of the L-shaped cylindrical case. Some of the processes performed by the video apparatus are described hereafter, referring to FIG. 14 . In the video apparatus with this structure, the processor 108 monitors the contact state of the recording button 104 a. When the contact of the recording button 104 a is closed (Yes in steps S 9 and S 10 ), then image pick-up unit 101 is driven through image processing converter 102 (step S 11 ). The image given by the image pick-up unit 101 is read (step S 12 ) and is recorded as a file in the storage medium (hereinafter it is assumed that a MO disk is used as the storage medium) attached to the recording unit 105 , under the prescribed area management (step S 13 ). In this context, a command given in the closed state of the contact of the recording button 104 a is referred to as a “picture recording command.” The process of reading the image information given by the image pick-up unit 101 in response to the command and recording it on the storage medium is referred to as a “picture recording process.” When the processor 108 receives a command to display an image (NO in step S 10 and YES in step S 8 ) represented by desired image information among the image information recorded on the storage medium (hereinafter simply referred to as a “display command”, which includes an identifier of the file in which the desired image information is stored) through the command unit 104 , the processor 108 stores the contents of the file in a predetermined storage area in the main memory 106 . The processor 108 creates thumbnail information indicating single or plural thumbnails by analyzing the contents of the memory area based on the format of the image information (step S 4 ) and supplies the thumbnail information to the display 103 (step S 5 ). Then, the one or more thumbnails are displayed on the display screen of the display 103 . When the processor 108 receives an image editing command (simply referred to as “editing command”) (NO in step S 8 , YES in step S 7 ), it applies an editing process corresponding to the command to the image information stored in the storage area (step S 6 ). If the number of thumbnails which are to be displayed is too many to display on a single screen, then icons used for a page feed command or scroll command are displayed on the screen together with the thumbnails. FIGS. 15-17 illustrate possible examples of display screens and icons that could be displayed to facilitate review of many thumbnails. FIGS. 15-17 are examples and do not represent, to the present inventors' belief, prior art. In the conventional technique described above, the thumbnail creation process does not begin until a display command or an editing command is received with regard to the file in which the image information for use in the thumbnail creation process is stored. Additionally, the thumbnail creation process is applied to all the contents in the file collectively. As the size of the (image information) file becomes large, the time taken for the thumbnail creating process becomes longer. This often causes the display process or editing process corresponding to the command to be suspended for a relatively long period of time (i.e., while the thumbnail creation process is being completed). Furthermore, generally, the larger the size of the file, the greater the number of thumbnails, which then requires the user to search through many thumbnails in order to locate a desired frame among the thumbnails.
|
['H04N576']
|
background
|
12,008,268
|
[invention] A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device and it produces electricity from various external quantities of fuel (anode side) and oxidant (cathode side). Generally these react in the presence of an electrolyte wherein the reactants flow in and reaction products flow out while the electrolyte remains in the cell. Typically, fuel cells can operate virtually continuously as long as the necessary flows of reactants are maintained. Many combinations of fuel and oxidants are possible. For example, a hydrogen cell uses hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as the oxidant. Other fuel cells include hydrocarbons and alcohols. Due to its abundance, coal has been proposed as a fuel cell reactant as well. This abundance coupled with ever-increasing populations around the world, there is a compelling and important need to find more efficient and responsible ways to use coal, such as with these fuel cells. Attempts to use carbon in fuel cells has been tried. For example, one of the earlier attempts to directly consume coal in a fuel cell was made in 1966 when a carbon rod was used as the anode and platinum as the oxygen electrode in a fuel cell that employed molten potassium nitrate as the electrolyte. When oxygen was supplied to the platinum electrode, a current was observed in the external circuit. Nevertheless, these results were not encouraging because of the direct chemical oxidation of carbon by the potassium nitrate electrolyte. Another attempt used molten sodium hydroxide electrolyte contained in an iron pot which served as the air cathode and a carbon rod as the consumable anode. The cell is operated at about 500° C. with current densities of over 100 milliamps per square centimeter. This attempt was plagued by the oxidation of the hydrogen and not the carbon, along with the sodium carbonate by the reaction of the carbon with molten sodium hydroxide, thus producing an undesirable side reaction involving the electrolyte, and rendering it unstable in that environment. In the last several decades, high temperature fuel cells employing either molten carbonate or solid oxide ceramic electrolytes have been reported. In these fuel cells, coal-derived fuels were employed as consumable gas fuels. Presently, the high temperature solid oxide fuel cells under development use hydrogen derived either from natural gas or from coal. In addition to these attempts, there have also been attempts with molten salt electrolyte-based direct carbon fuel cells, molten anode-based direct carbon fuel cells and the like. With all of these attempts, the coal that is employed generally contains inorganics, minerals, and contaminants that produce ash and contaminants to be deposited in the bottom of the fuel cell that impedes the efficiency of the fuel cell. Further, when they deposit in the fuel cell, effort must be routinely expended to clean the fuel cell for its efficient operation. Moreover, the energy density of carbon fuel cells is generally higher than that found with hydrogen and oxygen fuel cells. Due to the chemistry involved, the energy density for hydrogen and oxygen fuel cells produces approximately two electrons in a single reaction, whereas fuel cells using carbon anodes produce four electrons in a single reaction. Thus, the energy density is approximately twice that of a hydrogen fuel cell with a carbon fuel cell.
|
['H01M800' 'C01B3116']
|
background
|
12,385,003
|
[description] Various advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to typical meanings or dictionary definitions, but should be interpreted as having meanings and concepts relevant to the technical scope of the present invention based on the rule according to which an inventor can appropriately define the concept of the term to best describe the method he or she knows for carrying out the invention. Concerning the designations of reference numerals in this description, it should be noted that the same reference numerals are used throughout the different drawings to designate the same or similar components. Also, in the description of the present invention, when it is considered that the detailed description of a related prior art may obscure the gist of the present invention, such a detailed description is omitted. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Printed Circuit Board FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the present invention. The printed circuit board 100 according to this embodiment is described below with reference to FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the printed circuit board 100 according to this embodiment comprises an insulating layer 106, circuit layers 102a, 108a embedded in the insulating layer 106, and insulating materials 110a, 110b embedded in the surface regions of the insulating layer 106 to protect the circuit layers 102a, 108a from the external environment. The circuit layers 102a, 108a are configured such that the first circuit layer 102a is formed on a side of the insulating layer 106 and the second circuit layer 108a is formed on the other side of the insulating layer 106. The first and second circuit layers 102a, 108a are connected to each other via bumps 104 passing through the insulating layer 106. Connection pads of the circuit layers 102a, 108a are embedded in the insulating layer 106 such that external surfaces of the connection pads are flush with the external surfaces of the insulating layer 106. Specifically, one side of the connection pad is flush with the external surface of the insulating layer 106 to offer an exposed surface to which an external connection terminal such as solder ball is bonded, and the other side of the connection pad is embedded in the insulating layer 106. The insulating materials 110a, 110b are also embedded in the insulating layer 106 such that external sides thereof are flush with the external surfaces of the insulating layer 106 in order to protect the first circuit layer 102a and/or the second circuit layer 108a from the external environment. Specifically, one side of each of the insulating materials 110a, 110b is flush with the external surface of the insulating layer 106, and the other side of the insulating materials is embedded in the insulating layer 106. Furthermore, the circuit layers 102a, 108a excluding the connection pads are also embedded in the insulating layer 106 so as not to be exposed to the outside. In this context, there are two manners in which the circuit layers 102a, 108a excluding the connection pads may be embedded in the insulating layer 106 such that the external surfaces thereof are disposed on the other sides, i.e., internal surfaces of the insulating materials 110a, 110b for the protection from the external environment (see FIG. 6) or they are embedded in the insulating materials 110a, 110b (see FIG. 14). In other words, the circuit layers 102a, 108a may have any embedded configuration as long as the circuit layers 102a, 108a are protected from the external environment by the insulating materials 110a, 110b. Although the circuit layers 102a, 108a are shown in FIG. 14 as being entirely embedded in the insulating materials 110a, 110b, circuit layers which are at least partially embedded in the insulating materials 110a, 110b should also be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention. In this embodiment, the insulating layers 110a, 110b may be composed of photosensitive insulating material. Although the printed circuit board 100 is shown in FIG. 6 as having a two-layered structure, this is no more than a single exemplary structure. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the scope of the present invention may include any of various structures wherein a multilayered buildup layer is formed, a connection pad formed on the outermost layer is embedded in an insulating layer so as to be flush with an outermost insulating layer, and an outermost circuit layer is protected by insulating materials embedded in the outermost insulating layer. Process of Manufacturing the Printed Circuit Board FIGS. 7 to 14 are cross-sectional views showing a process of manufacturing the printed circuit board shown in FIG. 6. The process is described below with reference to the drawings. First, as shown in FIG. 7, a first metal layer 102 is prepared. As this first metal layer 102, a copper layer typically used in the creation of a circuit layer of a printed circuit board may be used. As shown in FIG. 8, bumps 104 are formed on the first metal layer 102. In this regard, the bumps 104 may be formed using a screen print technology. The screen print technology is executed in a manner such that conductive paste is transferred to the metal layer through openings of a mask. Specifically, openings of the mask are aligned with the metal layer 102, and then conductive paste is applied onto the mask. Subsequently, the conductive paste is wiped using a squeegee, so that the conductive paste is extruded through the openings of the mask and is then transferred to the first metal layer 102 into a pattern having the desired shape and height. Of course, it is to be noted that a process of forming the bumps 104 through any other of known
|
['H05K100' 'H05K334']
|
detailed_description
|
11,175,062
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the basic components of a known franking system 1, including a franking machine 2 to which is connected a deposit box 4 in the downstream mail direction and an automatic feed station 7 in the upstream mail direction. In a franking system of the type Ultimail®, a stack 6 of pending mail pieces is supplied. A stack of franked mail pieces can be removed from the deposit box 4. The automatic feed station 7 and a personal computer 9 are electrically connected via cables 71 and 91 at first and second interfaces 27 of the franking machine 2. The franking machine 2 can also be operated as a stand alone unit. It can be connected via modem 26 and a communication network 12 with a remote tele-postage data center 8 for the purpose of credit downloading and with a remote service center 11. The franking machine 2 has an internal static scale, or a scale interface 28 for an external scale, and a mainboard (motherboard) 20 equipped with a postage fee calculator. A current postage fee table can be transmitted from the remote service center 11 to the franking machine 2 or to the franking system 1. The franking machine 2 can optionally have a postal security device (PSD 29) (shown dashed). A further known franking system by the applicant of the type Jetmail® in principle corresponds to the block image shown in FIG. 1, with the difference that a stack 6 of mail pieces standing on edge is supplied to the automatic feed station 7 and a dynamic scale (not shown) can be retrofitted. The dynamic scale can be arranged between the automatic feed station 7 and the franking machine 2. FIG. 2 shows a franking imprint according to the Frankit requirements of the Deutsche Post AG. The franking imprint has a one-dimensional bar code (1D barcode) 15 on the left for an identification code. In the value imprint the franking imprint has a two-dimensional barcode (2D barcode) 17 for verification of the proper payment of the mail piece transport fee. The 2D barcode is based on security-relevant data that are generated in the PSD. The non-volatile memory on the mainboard 20 of the franking machine 2 is used as a storage location for the identification code, but a non-volatile memory in the PSD of the franking machine 2 is used as a storage location for security-relevant data. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram for an arrangement for storage and administration of data. A program memory 21, a microprocessor 22, a non-volatile memory 23 and a working memory RAM 25 are operationally connected with one another via a bus 24. The non-volatile memory 23 contains a first storage region I for data and a second storage region II for compressed data. The program memory 21 contains a third storage region III for an application program that programs the microprocessor 22 so that, upon the occurrence of an event to be statistically tracked, corresponding data are stored un the first storage region I until exceeding a threshold at the transition between the sub-regions thereof. The threshold is, for example, a predetermined address that is selected device-dependently or dependent on the machine state of a device. Upon exceeding the threshold, data are copied from at least the lower address range and are compressed until the data compression is concluded. The compressed data are stored in a second storage region II. Alternatively, the storage regions I, II (i.e. for the non-compressed memory (NCM) and compressed memory (CM)) are two separate non-volatile memories. The second storage region II or CM contains compressed data. the microprocessor 22 is programmed to erase the appertaining data at least from the sub-regions in the lower address range of the first storage region I after the compression, and then to shift the data from the sub-regions in the upper address range of the first storage region I to a sub-region in the lower address range of the first storage region I. Such data of the franking system 1 or the franking machine 2 are, for example, the last-stored error data and/or event data. Upon occurrence of a further (tracked) event, data (for example for an error statistic or other statistic) are written into the first non-volatile storage region I or NCM. In principle the following states occur in running operation: The first storage region is still not completely filled with data and tracked events occur. The first data regarding the tracked events are stored in a first storage region that still has sufficient capacity for further entries—of second data—. Event data are, for example, data that can concern the lifespan of the machine, errors or status information regarding security-relevant data. The non-volatile memory 23 on the mainboard 20 of the franking machine 2 is used as a log memory for such data. If the data are to be interrogated, the data present in the log memory are output. A tracked event occurs that, after the storage, results in the first storage region I being filled with data to a predetermined point. Its first data can be compressed. Upon compression of data, the uncompressed first data are read out from the first storage region I of the non-volatile memory 23 and are compressed. The now compressed data and the already compressed data stored in the second storage region II are merged and stored as compressed data in the second non-volatile storage region II. The output of the statistics data is, among other things, ordered given a specific fill level. For this purpose, the data stored in the first storage region I are compressed and output together with the remaining compressed data from the second storage region II. According to the preferred embodiment, the first storage region I is partitioned into four sub-regions and has thresholds that allow it to establish the respective occupancy states of these sub-regions. A first sub-region lies between a start address A#0 and a predetermined first address A#1.
|
['G06Q9900']
|
detailed_description
|
11,212,745
|
[invention] There is considerable demand for the miniaturization of electronic devices in general and for cellular telephones in particular. On the other hand, there is increasing demand for electronic devices that include more and more features. Invariably, these demands result in a reduction in the display area, that is, the size of the display screen, or of the viewable area. A major reason for this being the necessity of maintaining a conventional keypad matrix arrangement for inputting data. Although the size and the spacing of the buttons that form a conventional keypad matrix arrangement are constantly being reduced as a result of miniaturization, there is a limit to their reduction. Moreover, with small buttons, or closely spaced buttons, there is a high likelihood of accidentally depressing an unintended button which is adjacent an intended button, or even simultaneously depressing two adjacent buttons thereby providing false input data. Moreover, since the buttons are depressed one by one for each input data, speed of operation is limited. U.S. Pat. No. 6,441,753 discloses a multifunction key assembly for electronic devices. The multifunction key assembly has a button member having an upper contoured surface defining nine key regions, which in a preferred embodiment, are arranged in a manner consistent with the one through nine keys of a conventional telephone keypad with the central key region representing the five key of a telephone keypad and each perimeter key region represents the remaining keys. However, unlike the conventional keypad matrix the zero, asterisk and pound sign keys are missing. An auxiliary button may be representative of the zero key. Alternatively, each key region may serve multiple functions. For example, the five key region may operate as a conventional zero key upon a double-click. This option is suggested, but its implementation is not described. Whatever the case, the numeral zero cannot be entered through the principal mode of operation and therefore every time a zero that has to be entered will disrupt the smooth flow of data input. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved multifunction key assembly for inputting data to an electronic device and an improved method for inputting data to an electronic device. This object is attained with the subject matter in accordance with the respective claims.
|
['H01H1372']
|
background
|
11,408,310
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an upper substrate, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) apparatus having the same and a method of fabricating the same, and more particularly to an upper substrate for reducing misoperations, an LCD apparatus having the same and a method of fabricating the same. 2. Description of the Related Art Information processing devices have been developed to include various shapes and functions with rapid data processing speed. The information processing devices include an interface such as a display device for displaying information processed in the form of an electric signal. LCD apparatuses having a light weight and a compact size, as compared with a CRT type display device, have been developed to achieve full-color and high-resolution functions. The LCD apparatus includes an LCD panel for displaying an image and a backlight assembly for providing light to the LCD panel, which is disposed under the LCD panel. The LCD panel includes a color filter substrate, an array substrate and a liquid crystal molecules interposed between the color filter and array substrates. The LCD panel changes an arrangement of liquid crystal molecules by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules and controls an amount of the light provided from the backlight assembly to display the image. The color filter and array substrates are spaced from each other by a spacer disposed between the color filter and array substrates. The spacer maintains a gap between the color filter and array substrates to prevent the form of the liquid crystal molecules from being changed and properties of the LCD apparatus from being deteriorated. The spacer is classified into a ball spacer having a ball shape and distributed over the color filter substrate or the array substrate and a rigid spacer disposed on the color filter substrate or the array substrate. The rigid spacer is formed by forming an organic layer on the color filter substrate or the array substrate and patterning the organic layer. The ball spacer is randomly distributed over the color filter substrate or the array substrate, so that the ball spacer may be disposed on an effective display area of the LCD apparatus. The randomly distributed ball spacer may cause a deterioration of an opening ratio (an effective display area/a total area) of the LCD apparatus and the LCD apparatus may have a non-uniform cell gap because a size of the ball spacer is not uniform. On the contrary, since the rigid spacer is formed by removing the organic layer on the effective display area except a non-effective display area of the LCD apparatus, the opening ratio of the LCD apparatus may be not deteriorated and the LCD apparatus may have a uniform cell gap. Thus, the rigid spacer has been generally used to LCD apparatus. Recently, the gate and data driving circuits disposed on the array substrate of the LCD panel are formed with a thin film process. In this case, the array substrate is divided into a display area on which a TFT is disposed and a driving area on which the gate and data driving circuits are disposed for driving the TFT. The spacer is disposed between the color filter substrate and the array substrate and may be disposed on only the display area or on the display and driving areas. When an external force is applied to the LCD panel in which the spacer is disposed on only the display area, the color filter and array substrates may electrically come in contact with each other because a common electrode disposed on the color filter substrate makes contact with the gate and data driving circuits disposed on the array substrate. Also, when the external impact is applied to the LCD panel in which the spacer is disposed on the display and driving areas, the spacer presses the gate and data driving circuits, so that circuits and wirings of the LCD panel may be damaged. As a result, the gate and data driving circuits may not provide driving signals to corresponding data and gate lines disposed on the LCD panel, thereby deteriorating a quality of the image displayed through the LCD panel.
|
['G02F11333']
|
background
|
11,056,348
|
[description] While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof have been shown in the drawings and will be described below in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Several preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the FIGS. 1-15. Referring first to FIGS. 1-3, a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this first embodiment, a holster 10 having an inner shell 80 is configured to receive a handgun 40 therein. This handgun 40 has an ejection port 54, which is connected to a locking tab 22. This locking tab 22 is configured to be releasably engaged and disengaged from the ejection port 54, or other feature of the handgun. The locking tab 22 is connected to a release tab 26 by a rigid U-shaped rod linkage 110. In this embodiment, the linkage is configured to go over the top or crown of the holster 10. However, as is shown in other embodiments and configurations, this linkage can also be configured to pass under the holster. See for example FIGS. 5 and 6. The linkage 110 is configured to transfer movement of the release tab 26 on the left side of the holster to the locking tab 22 on the right side. In one of the embodiments, this is accomplished by providing one or more hinges that transfers the inward movement of the release tab by the index finger of the user to an outward movement of the locking tab 22 by the linkage. While a hinge is shown in one embodiment of the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be variously embodied to include other features and types of inventions as well. These include, but are not limited to, the use of springs, tensioning devices, cable relays, bell cranks, and other similar devices. The present invention also provides an optional thumb sheath 112, which prevents the entanglement of the thumb with the functioning mechanism of the locking device and the linkage. In addition, spacer devices are utilized to maintain proper spacing between the holster 10 and the duty belt (not shown) or other feature that would be proximate to the body of the user. A second preferred embodiment of the present invention is found in FIGS. 4-5. In this embodiment, the linkage is made up of a pair of connecting rods 114 that are connected to a bell crank 116, also called a rotating plate. The combination of the connecting rods 114 and the bell crank 116 transfer movement from the release lever 130 over to the locking tab 22. This occurs because the inward movement of the release lever 130 causes the connecting rod 114 connected to it to move. This movement of the first connecting rod 114 causes the bell crank 116 to pivot, thus causing a pull on the second connecting rod 114. As the second connecting rod 114 is pulled toward the bell crank 116, the locking lever 128, which is connected to the bell crank 116, is then pulled out of position against the ejection port of the handgun 40. The handgun can then be released from its position within the holster. In the attached photographs (FIGS. 10-15), one of the embodiments of the present invention includes an articulated U-shaped rod and a hinge. This hinge allows the linkage to wrap over the top portion of the gun and also provides a pivot point whereupon force from pressing the release tab 26 can be transferred to the hinge and creates a motion that pulls the locking tab 22 out of engagement with the device. The present invention allows individuals who are naturally left handed to utilize security holsters that are configured for persons who are right handed by providing an operative linkage to engage and use those security holsters. Preferred third and fourth embodiments of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 6-9. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the linkage means is not configured to go over the top portion of the holster 10, as is shown in the prior embodiments. Rather, the linkage is configured to go beneath the handgun holster. In the preferred embodiment, shown in FIG. 6, a cable 132 is enclosed within a cable housing 134. The cable and cable housing have a first end 136 and a second end 138. The first end 136 of the cable housing 134 is attached adjacent to the release tab 26. The release tab 26 is rotatably attached to a U-shaped tube 140 and includes a spring 28. The cable 132 and cable housing 134 pass from the left side 142 of the holster inner shell 80 to the right side 144, which is shown in FIG. 7. This cable housing 130 extends below the holster and reaches over to the other side, thus allowing movement of the locking tab 22 when the release tab 26 is activated. This cable is configured to be appropriately tensioned by the release tab 26 and then to transfer movement from the release tab 26 to the locking tab 22 in such a way so as to pull the locking tab 22 from its position against the ejection port 54 of the handgun. This then allows for the handgun 40 to be released and available for use. Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. This embodiment of the invention includes a first parallel rod 146 shown in FIG. 9, and a second parallel rod 148, shown in FIG. 8. The release tab 26 is rigidly attached to the first parallel rod 146, so that when the release tab is pressed, the first parallel rod 146 rotates in a clockwise
|
['F41C3302']
|
detailed_description
|
12,315,485
|
[summary] The present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art and provides, among other things, a bat which deters the modification of the bat so that the user is capable of hitting the ball further or at a pace faster than permitted within the official rules of the game. A need exists for deterring the modification of ball bats, namely to deter rolling. The present invention discloses a bat that includes one or more supports inside of the bat oriented in such a way as to reinforce the integrity of the bat from the interior. The present invention contemplates using a retaining member to position at least one support within the bat transverse to the bat's axis to provide integrity to the bat's composition to deter rolling. Multiple retaining members and supports are preferably employed. The primary objective of the present invention is to minimize the ability to alter the elasticity of the bat through the process of fracturing fibers within the bat thereby creating a hot bat. The bat is characterized in that it comprises an outer shell, preferably of fiberglass, graphite, or composite materials. The ball bat is reinforced from the center using supports transverse to bat's axis. The supports of the present invention are composed of a resilient material with little or no elasticity thereby providing the maximum structural integrity to the bat. The supports are held into place using a retaining member, such as a urethane foam member, that slides into the interior of the bat. When a support is in a desired location in the bat, the retaining member, support, or both are adhered to the interior of the bat using an adhesive such as glue, urethane, or silicone. The present invention will provide maximum structural integrity to the interior of the bat while continuing to provide a bat with sufficient elasticity for batters to adequately play the sport within the rules of the game. More particularly, the present invention is a ball bat having a barrel with a cavity inside, a support and a retaining member. The support and retaining member are located inside the cavity, and the retaining member positions the support within the cavity. Even more particularly, the retaining member positions the support transverse to the long axis of the bat. The retaining member may have a notch in which the support is retained. Even more particularly, the support is composed of a lightweight resilient material, such as graphite or magnesium. The retaining member may be cylindrical or may be a non-circular geometric shape with at least three contact points and is often composed of urethane foam. The ball bat may include one retaining member positioning one support member. The ball bat may also include two or more retaining members, each positioning one or more support members. Alternatively, the ball bat may include a single retaining member that positions two or more supports.
|
['A63B5906']
|
summary
|
11,449,601
|
[claim] 1. A cerium-based fiber, comprises a composition of (Ce1−x−y, M1w, M2x)O2−y−z(OH)2y(CO3), having a first trivalent cation (M1) with w mole (mol) %, a second trivalent cation (M2) with x mole (mol) %, a hydroxyl ion matter with y mole (mol) %, and a carbonate compound with z mole (mol) %, and said fiber is converted into an oxide and maintaining its fibrous form after going through a calcination. 2. The cerium-based fiber of claim 1, wherein said M1 and said M2 are gadolinium or samarium, and the molar concentration of ions falls into a range of 0<x<0.20. 3. The cerium-based fiber of claim 1, wherein said M1 is gadolinium, and 0.0<w<0.165. 4. The cerium-based fiber of claim 1, wherein said M2 is samarium, and 0.0<x<0.147. 5. The cerium-based fiber of claim 1, wherein said hydroxyl ionic substance contains 0.0<y<0.30. 6. The cerium-based fiber of claim 1, wherein said carbonate compound contains 0.0<z<0.90. 7. The cerium-based fiber of claim 1, said long fiber has an aspect ratio from 40 to 200. 8. The cerium-based fiber of claim 1, said long fiber has a diameter from a submicron to a micron. 9. The cerium-based fiber of claim 1, further comprising a hydrate and a carbonate, and said hydrate and said carbonate substance are changed to an oxide after going through a calcination process. 10. The cerium-based fiber of claim 9, wherein said calcination is performed at a temperature from 400° C. to 1300° C. for 0.1 hour to 50 hours. 11. The cerium-based fiber of claim 10, wherein said hydrate and said carbonate have a remained quantity of less than 1 mole % after going through said calcination process. 12. A cerium-based fiber fabrication method, comprising the steps of: adding a modifier, cerium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, and metal (M1, M2) nitrate into an a solution according to a predetermined ratio (h) of sodium hydroxide to cerium nitrate and a predetermined ratio of M1, M2 to cerium nitrate; waiting till solutes of said solution are dissolved completely; placing said solution into a constant temperature machine for holding the temperature; and removing said solution and a produced precipitate in several hours after the reaction, and rinsing said precipitate several times by deionized water. 13. The fabrication method of claim 12, wherein said modifier is a citric acid or a citric acid derivative compound. 14. The fabrication method of claim 13, wherein said sodium hydroxide and said citric acid have a ratio (h), and 0.25<h<0.7. 15. The fabrication method of claim 12, wherein said fiber has an aspect ratio from 40 to 200. 16. The fabrication method of claim 12, wherein said fiber has a diameter from a submicron to a micron. 17. The fabrication method of claim 12, wherein said holding temperature ranges from 60° C. to 99° C. and said holding time ranges from 2 hours to 30 hours. 18. The fabrication method of claim 12, wherein said cerium-based fiber contains (Ce1−x−y, M1w, M2x))O2−y−z(OH)2y(CO3)z. 19. The fabrication method of claim 18, wherein said M1 and said M2 are gadolinium or samarium. 20. The fabrication method of claim 18, wherein said M1 is gadolinium, and 0.0<w<0.165. 21. The fabrication method of claim 18, wherein said M2 is samarium, and 0.0<x<0.147. 22. The fabrication method of claim 18, wherein said cerium-based fiber contains 0.0<y<0.30. 23. The fabrication method of claim 12, wherein said cerium-based fiber contains 0.0<z<0.90. 24. The fabrication method of claim 12, further comprises a calcination step of changing said fiber into oxide after said hydrated fiber goes through said calcination step. 25. The fabrication method of claim 24, wherein said calcination step is conducted at a temperature from 400° C. to 1300° C. for 0.1 hour to 50 hours.
|
['C04B3550']
|
claim
|
12,292,238
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates in general to a data accessing method and apparatus, and more particularly to a data accessing method and apparatus for accessing a first-in first-out (FIFO) buffer compatible with mini-low voltage differential signal (mini-LVDS) transmission interface. 2. Description of the Related Art In the technological age which changes with each passing day, one of the tendencies of monitor development is to raise the monitor resolution. Nowadays, data transmission interface, such as mini-low voltage differential signal (mini-LVDS) has been developed to meet the aggregate bandwidth requirement when the resolution of the monitor goes higher. Mini-LVDS is a high-speed serial transmission interface, which supports data output configurations with 3, 4, 5, or 6 output channels to simultaneously output data stored in 3, 4, 5, or 6 memory blocks and supports a data input configuration with 3 input channels. Conventionally, a buffer with adjustable memory step size of 3, 4, 5 or 6 memory blocks is applied in mini-LVDS interface. In other words, after a read operation performed according to a present address, the address pointed to by the read pointer is changed by a step, the size of which is adjustable from 3 to 6 memory blocks. Therefore, the buffer is capable of flexibly supporting the data output configurations with 3 to 6 output channels. Conventionally, the amount of memory blocks of the buffer is set to the least common multiple (LCM) of the possible step sizes of the read and the write pointers, that is, the LCM of the numbers 3, 4, 5, and 6. Therefore, the amount of memory blocks of the buffer is divisible by the step sizes of 3 to 6. In other words, the amount of memory blocks of the buffer is at least, a multiple of 60, which is the LCM of 3, 4, 5, and 6. However, the cost of the conventional buffer is raised due to the amount of memory blocks of the buffer. Thus, how to reduce the amount of memory blocks of the buffer applied in the mini-LVDS interface is one of the efforts the industries are making.
|
['G06F1300']
|
background
|
12,476,342
|
INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM AND INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD [SEP] [abstract] An information processing system includes a terminal device and a server device. When recommending subsidiary contents, recommended contents are extracted at the server, and recommended content information is returned to the terminal device. At the terminal device, a recommendation order is set regarding the recommended contents which the recommended content information indicates, upon which the recommended contents are presented, such that recommended content extracting processing and recommendation order setting processing is dispersed among the server device and terminal device.
|
['G06F1730' 'G06Q1000' 'G06Q5000']
|
abstract
|
12,153,732
|
[invention] In my U.S. Pat. No. 6,973,857 I describe such a hand tool device which incorporates fluid operable contact members which is moveable into alternate clamping positions in relation to a work piece by the actuation of a button. The contact members are carried by pistons sliding within opposed cylinders having at their full bore ends resiliently loaded ball valves. When it is desired to effect clamping action by one of the contact members in relation to a work piece, the button is depressed and in so doing the valves are unseated since being physically pushed by the stem of the button thus allowing fluid to eventually flow between the cylinders. By manually pushing the other contact member, fluid flow occurs such that the piston of the contact member associated with the work piece is forced along its cylinder to extend the contact member into the desired clamping position. Release of the button allows the valves to reseat and to lock the contact members in position. Whilst the hand tool device of this prior art functions adequately well, it has been found in practice that the resilient loading of the button can deteriorate with time occasioning response delay thus causing somewhat inefficient operation of the tool and not providing the positive instantaneous action required. Furthermore, it requires two-handed operation and manual effort in addition to the fluid, e.g. hydraulic, force applied to the contact member. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved adjusting device for hand-held tools.
|
['B25B2300']
|
background
|
11,369,854
|
[claim] 1. A system for processing a stored original data set for subsequent display on a user interface of a computer, the original data set having multiple dimensions and a number of original data points greater than the number of pixels available on the user interface for displaying a display of pixels for representing the data values of each of the original data points, the system comprising: a data reduction module for reducing the original data set to produce a reduced data set having a number of reduced data points less than the number of original data points, the number of reduced data points based on a received query parameter including at least one of available memory of the computer, a range of a continuous dimension of the multiple dimensions, and a level of detail for at least one dimension other than the continuous dimension; a data resizing module for dynamically resizing the received reduced data set to produce a resized data set suitable for use in generating the display of pixels appropriate to the number of available pixels in the display of pixels, the module configured for combining the individual data values of selected adjacent ones of the reduced data points in the reduced data set and assigning a combined value based on the combining to a corresponding resized data point in the resized data set, the resized data set having a number of resized data points less than the number of reduced data points; and a pixel module configured for using a predefined colour scale for assigning a unique colour of a plurality of colours to the combined value of the resized data point included in the display of pixels. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a vector module for transforming the reduced data set from a tabular format to a memory format including a data structure for facilitating access to the individual data values of the reduced data set used to generate the combined value. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the data structure includes a pixel record buffer associated with the display of pixels. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the display of pixels is represented as a bitmap. 5. The system of claim 1 further comprising a filtering module for altering a display characteristic of individual pixels in the display of pixels using at least one criterion based on one of the dimensions of the multiple dimensions. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the altering of the display characteristic includes operations selected from the group comprising: fuzzy highlighting; fat pixels; and filtering of selected data detail. 7. A method for processing a stored original data set for subsequent display on a user interface of a computer, the original data set having multiple dimensions and a number of original data points greater than the number of pixels available on the user interface for displaying a display of pixels for representing the data values of each of the original data points, the method comprising the steps of: reducing the original data set to produce a reduced data set having a number of reduced data points less than the number of original data points, the number of reduced data points based on a received query parameter including at least one of available memory of the computer, a range of a continuous dimension of the multiple dimensions, and a level of detail for at least one dimension other than the continuous dimension; dynamically resizing the received reduced data set to produce a resized data set suitable for use in generating the display of pixels appropriate to the number of available pixels in the display of pixels by combining the individual data values of selected adjacent ones of the reduced data points in the reduced data set, the resized data set having a number of resized data points less than the number of reduced data points; assigning a combined value based on the combining to a corresponding resized data point in the resized data set; and applying a predefined colour scale for assigning a unique colour of a plurality of colours to the combined value of the resized data point included in the display of pixels. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of transforming the reduced data set from a tabular format to a memory format including a data structure for facilitating access to the individual data values of the reduced data set used to generate the combined value. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the data structure includes a pixel record buffer associated with the display of pixels. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the display of pixels is represented as a bitmap. 11. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of altering a display characteristic of individual pixels in the display of pixels using at least one criterion based on one of the dimensions of the multiple dimensions. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the altering of the display characteristic includes operations selected from the group comprising: fuzzy highlighting; fat pixels; and filtering of selected data detail.
|
['G06T1700']
|
claim
|
11,865,649
|
[summary] An innovative closed system process is disclosed which utilizes mature, proven technologies to recycle and optimize energy conversion from hydrocarbon feedstocks. This process is based on oxidation, which is the process of altering compounds by adding an electro-positive oxygen atom to the compound. This process differs from incineration, which is the process of reducing a compound to ash. The main difference is that oxidation relies on the total mass balance. This means little, if any, product from the invention is vented to the atmosphere. Instead, virtually all combustion products are captured and marketed as process products. The products from the system are highly refined and thus possess a higher than average market value. Furthermore, the system and process is arranged and designed to qualify under current law as a recycling system with attractive tax and other benefits. The preferred oxidation process is unique in that the system utilizes no ambient air. Therefore, little to no nitrous oxides or sulfur dioxides are formed in the combustion process. Because atmospheric air contains approximately 80% nitrogen, the total mass carried through the preferred system/process is 80% less than a system/process using ambient air. Furthermore, this equates to a 50% reduction in system size to achieve the same throughput as a system using ambient air (i.e., conventional technology). Nitrogen present in the ambient air naturally retards combustion, therefore implementations of the invention, which do not use ambient air (i.e., 80% nitrogen), such as one or more implementations described herein, are able to attain much higher combustion temperatures more quickly and with less feedstock conversion. The oxygen-carbon dioxide synthetic air used in the invention also has a higher heat transfer rate for boiler efficiency than air at the same temperature. With higher boiler temperatures, greater efficiencies in power generation may be achieved. These greater boiler/power generation efficiencies are accomplished without the atmospheric discharge of nitrous oxides (NOx) or other negative effects associated with conventional gas or coal-fired plants with traditional smoke stacks. In one implementation of the invention, the flue gas generated by gasification/oxidation is converted to useful products and intermediates through the purification process. This affords certification of process quality and is much different than other more conventional technologies that release flue gas through a smoke stack at high velocity. A further benefit of the purification process is that virtually all of the end products are capable of being marketed, a benefit that substantially offsets the cost of system operation and improves profitability. A preferred implementation of the invention is a very efficient system/process for generating electricity and/or purifying water, even when less desirable feedstocks, such as clean/dirty coal, lignite, scrap tires, biomass, and/or other low-grade feedstocks, are consumed. The gasification/oxidation process described herein recovers a much higher percentage of recoverable heat energy by its very nature than other systems that utilize ambient air in the combustion process. Avoiding the process and control of large amounts of stack gas pollutants also provides significant operating cost savings and advantages. With virtually none of the disadvantages associated with conventional low-grade hydrocarbon feedstock combustion for power generation, i.e., no smoke stacks, health dispersion models, regulated compounds or incinerators, the preferred process and system of the invention described herein have qualified under current statutes as being exempt from air quality permits from both state and federal environmental regulatory agencies. With this qualification, there is no requirement under Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations to open the environmental impact statement to public comment. This reduction in the regulatory permitting process provides a time savings of up to three years for the installation of this system/process as compared to other more conventional combustion technologies. Additionally, the location of the facility for the system/process is not of great public interest, because there are minimal (or even zero) emissions from the system/process.
|
['C10J300']
|
summary
|
11,635,095
|
[summary] Embodiments of the present invention provide devices and methods for effectively treating a tissue opening, such as a PFO or other septal defect, and particularly for effectively treating an opening that may be unsuitable for closure using suture alone. Preferred embodiments of the invention provide devices and methods wherein a PFO is treated via a catheter from a remote insertion location. In one aspect, the present invention is a suture-securing fastener or clip, similar to earlier suture-securing clips used in percutaneous edge-to-edge heart valve leaflet repairs and PFO closures except that the current fastener is expandable upon delivery so that the clip itself serves to physically block the opening which the procedure is attempting to close. The clip serves as a closure and/or treatment device. The clip has a center suture-receiving lumen so that the clip can be advanced into the patient's body to the desired treatment site by being slid along one or more suture lines previously deployed, with the one or more suture lines passing from the desired treatment site to a position outside of the patient's body. The suture line thus acts, during clip delivery and deployment, as a guide for proper placement of the clip. Once the clip is at the desired treatment site (which is typically at or adjacent the opening to be closed) and the suture is tightened as desired, the clip locks onto the suture (via a locking clip portion) to hold the suture and clip securely in position. The clip is then expanded to its expanded configuration in order to physically block the opening that is being closed, so that the expandable portion of the clip serves as a plug portion. Alternatively, the expandable plug portion of the clip can be expanded prior to being locked into place on the suture, so that the user can check the positioning of the clip and the efficacy of the blockage created thereby, and the clip can then be locked securely onto the suture line to hold the clip and suture in the desired location and positioning. The expansion and locking of the clip can also occur as a single step, depending on the particular application and clip configuration. If the desired closure is not achieved, the expanded clip can be retrieved into its protective sheath (which can involve de-expanding the clip), the catheter removed, and the procedure aborted. The suture lines can then be removed and/or additional attempts can be made to perform the procedure, which may include using one or more different clips and/or different suture lines. The expandable clip can expand mechanically once it is positioned at the desired treatment site. The expansion could be achieved by a generally umbrella-shaped structure, an inflatable structure, an expandable cage-like structure, and/or other configurations. The expandable clip could include an expandable sponge-like, foam-like, and/or adhesive-like material, which could expand from or around the clip. The expansion could be activated by the user, or be an inherent quality of the clip when exposed to the interior environment of the patient's body (e.g., an expandable sponge-like material that expands when exposed to blood and/or other body fluids). The expandable clip may include additional structures to hold the clip in place, such as tissue-penetrating spikes, etc. The clip may be configured to encourage tissue ingrowth onto or into the clip, which may include providing one or more tissue-growth-inducing material in the clip. In some applications, such as where a blockage is desired to be temporary, the clip may be configured to discourage tissue ingrowth so that the clip can be removed later. The clip may be configured to be reduced in diameter after it has been expanded to its deployed size, so that a user can reposition and/or remove the clip after it has been initially expanded within the patient's body. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a system and method for repairing a PFO with a treatment catheter capable of applying at least one suture to the tissue adjacent the PFO. The invention can further use a fastener catheter capable of attaching at least one fastener to the suture. In addition, the fastener catheter can include at least one cutting member configured to cut the suture to a desired length. The fastener of the invention can be configured so that it expands upon deployment, so that the bulk of the expanded fastener itself helps to close the septal defect. In another aspect, the present invention includes a system and method for repairing a PFO using a fastener and patch combination. The fastener and patch can be deployed separately, e.g., by separate catheters, or together, e.g., by a single catheter. In one such embodiment, a system for repairing a PFO and includes a treatment catheter capable of applying at least one suture to the tissue adjacent the PFO, and a fastener catheter capable of attaching at least one fastener and a patch to the suture. The patch is positioned distally of the fastener, so that when the fastener is advanced into the patient, the patch is also advanced to the PFO site. With the patch and fastener advanced to the PFO, the user can determine the adequateness of the PFO closure, and deploy the fastener to hold the suture tight and also to hold the patch in place or, if the PFO closure is inadequate, the user can remove the patch, fastener, and/or suture lines and either abandon the repair attempt or retry using one or more different patches, fasteners, and/or suture lines. If the user completes the deployment of the fastener and patch, the patch will be positioned between the fastener clip and tissue through which the suture has passed, and the patch is thus held (by the fastener) against and/or within the PFO to effectuate the PFO closure. In yet another aspect, the present invention discloses a system for repairing tissue within the heart of a patient and includes a guide wire capable of being inserted into the patient and advanced through a
|
['A61B1704']
|
summary
|
10,536,299
|
[claim] 1. A covering construction (10) for heaped and stacked materials (12) having a cover, the cover comprising a) a number of support elements (22) which can be filled with at least one fluid and which are connected at least in part to one another and b) at least one waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14), the sheet (14) being connected to the support elements (22). 2. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) comprises a laminate (40) with a porous layer (42) and wherein the porous layer (42) is joined to at least one textile layer (44). 3. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the porous layer (42) comprises a microporous membrane. 4. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the porous layer (42) is selected from the group of polyolefins, polyesters, poly vinyl chlorides, poly vinylidene chlorides, polyurethanes or fluoropolymers. 5. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claims 2 to 4, wherein the porous layer (42) comprises stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). 6. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the textile layer (44) comprises polyester, polyamides, polyethylene, polyacrylate, polypropylene, glass fiber or fluoropolymer. 7. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) has an air permeability of between 3 and 100 m3/m2/h at a pressure difference of 200 Pa. 8. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) has a water ingress pressure of greater than 10 kPa. 9. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) has a resistance to water vapor permeation Ret of less than 20 m2 Pa/W. 10. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support elements (22) are inflatable flexible tubes. 11. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the flexible tubes have a diameter of >80 cm. 12. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the flexible tubes withstand a pressure of at least 10 kPa. 13. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one fluid is a gas, a vapor, a liquid. 14. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the gas is air. 15. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid has a pressure of at least 200 Pa. 16. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1 having a roof area (24) and a wall area (26), wherein the waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) is arranged at least in the roof area (24). 17. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 16, wherein a waterproof protective layer (15) is joined to the support elements (22) in the wall area (26). 18. The covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support elements (22) and the sheet (14) comprise a flexible material. 19. Covering construction (10) for heaped and stacked materials (12), the covering construction (10) having a cover, wherein the cover is formed by a) a number of flexible tubes (22) which are inflatable and connected to one another and b) a waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) having a microporous membrane of stretched polytetrafluoroethylene, the sheet (14) being joined to the flexible tubes (22). 20. The use of the covering construction (10) as claimed in claim 1 as a heap covering for a compost heap (12). 21. A device for the aerobic treatment of heaped or stacked material (12) having a covering construction (10) which covers the heaped or stacked material (12), the covering construction having a cover, the cover comprising a number of support elements (22) which can be filled with at least one fluid and which are connected to one another at least in part, and at least one waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) which is connected to the support elements (22), the device having an erected state and a lowered state, wherein in the erected state the support elements (22) are filled with at least one fluid under pressure in such a manner that the sheet (14) is raised and at a distance from the material, and in the lowered state the support elements (22) are emptied of at least one fluid so that the sheet (14) is lowered and covers the material (12). 22. The device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the distance between raised sheet (14) and material (12) is at least 2 m. 23. The device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the raised sheet (14) forms a vehicle-accessible space (30) around the material (12). 24. The device as claimed in claim 23, wherein the space (30) has a height of at least 6 m. 25. The device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the device has at least one closable opening. 26. The device as claimed in claim 21 having at least one enclosure wall (36) which surrounds the material (12), wherein the covering construction (10) is fastened to the at least one enclosing wall (36). 27. The device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) is a laminate (40) which comprises a porous layer (42) joined to at least one textile layer (44a, 44b). 28. The device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the porous layer (42) comprises a microporous membrane. 29. The device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the porous layer (42) is selected from the group of polyolefins, polyesters, poly(vinyl chloride)s, poly(vinylidene chloride)s, polyurethanes and fluoropolymers. 30. The device as claimed in claims 27 to 29, wherein the porous layer (42) comprises stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). 31. The device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the textile layer (44a, 44b) comprises polyester, polyacrylate, polypropylene, polyamides, polyethylene, glass fiber or fluoropolymer. 32. The device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the waterproof and gas-permeable sheet (14) has a gas permeability of between 3 and 100
|
['C05F1702']
|
claim
|
11,829,154
|
Methods, Systems, and Computer Program Products for Class Verification [SEP] [abstract] A method, system, and computer program product for class verification are provided. The method includes initiating loading of a class, and searching for the class in verification caches. A record from the verification caches, including a checksum, is returned upon locating the class. The method further includes comparing the checksum in the record to a checksum of the class being loaded, and completing the loading of the class when the checksums match. The method additionally includes performing bytecode verification of the class upon one of: a checksum comparison mismatch, and a failure to locate the class in the verification caches. The method also includes calculating a new checksum of the class upon a successful bytecode verification, and storing the new checksum in the verification caches.
|
['G06F1110']
|
abstract
|
12,174,237
|
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTENT ESTIMATION OF PACKET VIDEO STREAMS [SEP] [abstract] A method and system for estimating the content of frames in an encrypted packet video stream without decrypting the packets. The method involves comparing the relative sizes of frames within a video stream and estimating the content of the video stream based on the frame sizes and the ordering of frames within the video stream. The method can alternatively be used to estimate the content of frames in an unencrypted packet stream.
|
['G06F1100' 'H04L1256' 'H04N7173']
|
abstract
|
12,403,824
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates in general to phototherapy, and more particularly, to novel apparatuses and methods for phototherapy of brain tissue. 2. Description of the Related Art There are numerous neurologic conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), Huntington's disease, demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), cranial nerve palsies, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and spinal cord injury which could possibly benefit from application of phototherapy. Most of these conditions cause significant morbidity and mortality and involve tremendous burden to society, families and caregivers. Many neurologic conditions have no currently available effective therapies or the therapies that are available are not adequate to restore functional recovery, sustain quality of life, or halt disease progression. One example of a neurologic condition that remains a major unmet medical need is stroke, also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Stroke is caused by a sudden disruption of blood flow to a discrete area of the brain that is brought on by the lodging of a clot in an artery supplying blood to an area of the brain (called an ischemic stroke), or by a cerebral hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm or a burst artery (called a hemorrhagic stroke). There are over 750,000 stroke victims per year in the United States, and approximately 85% of all strokes are ischemic and 15% are hemorrhagic. The consequence of stroke is a loss of function in the affected brain region and concomitant loss of bodily function in areas of the body controlled by the affected brain region. Depending upon the extent and location of the primary insult in the brain, loss of function varies greatly from mild or severe, and may be temporary or permanent. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet, level of physical activity and high cholesterol increase the risk of stroke, and thus stroke is a major cause of human suffering in developed nations. Stroke is the third leading cause of death in most developed nations, including the United States. Stroke treatment is often restricted to providing basic life support at the time of the stroke, followed by rehabilitation. Currently, the only FDA-cleared treatment of ischemic stroke involves thrombolytic therapy using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). However, tPA can only be used within three hours of stroke onset and has several contraindications, therefore, only a small percentage of stroke victims receive this drug. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when a sudden physical trauma (e.g. crush or compression injury in the central nervous system, including a crush or compression injury of the brain, spinal cord, nerves or retina, or any acute injury or insult producing cell death) causes damage to the head. For example, a sudden and/or violent blow to the head or an object piercing the skull and entering brain tissue can result in TBI. The extent of damage to the brain can be severe, however even mild and moderate TBI has been associated with neurological sequelae that can be long lasting. Development of neurodegenerative conditions has been associated with TBI. TBI can result in a sudden disruption of blood flow to a discrete area of the brain. The consequence of stroke or TBI can be a loss of function in the affected brain region and concomitant loss of bodily function in areas of the body controlled by the affected brain region. Depending upon the extent and location of the primary insult in the brain, loss of function varies greatly from mild or severe, and may be temporary or permanent. A high level of interest and clinical need remains in finding new and improved therapeutic interventions for treatment of stroke and other neurologic conditions that continue to devastate millions of lives each year and where few effective therapies exist.
|
['A61N506' 'A61F700']
|
background
|
12,477,289
|
[description] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. Referring to FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6, there are shown a perspective view, an exploded view, a detailed exploded view illustrating an operation unit, and a cross-sectional view of a dewatering structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The dewatering structure includes a receptacle body 10, a dewatering unit 20, and an operation unit 30. The receptacle body 10 is substantially configured to a hollow elliptical column shape, and includes a receptacle tub 11 and an assembling space 12. The receptacle tub 11 and the assembling space 12 are partitioned by a water proofing material into two independent spaces. The receptacle tub 11 is adapted for containing fluid. Typically, the fluid can be water or water solution. The assembling space 12 is defined beneath the receptacle tub 11. The dewatering unit 20 is a hollow bucket allowing fluid flowing therethrough. The dewatering unit 20 is disposed in the receptacle tub 11. An assembling hole 21 is defined at a barycenter of a bottom of the receptacle tub 11, as shown in FIG. 6. The operation unit 30 includes an operation member 31, a base 32, and a transmission mechanism 33. The operation member 31 is an L-shape plate including an erect plate and a sidelong plate. A positioning hole 311 is defined inside a body of the erect plate. A backside of the erect plate is further provided with a gear rack 312. Two wings 313 are configured laterally extending from the erect plate of the L-shape plate. An elastic member 314 is embeddedly assembled in the positioning hole 311. The elastic member 314 provides an upward elastic force to the operation member 31. In the current embodiment, the elastic member 314 is preferred to be a coil spring. The base 32 includes two supporting seats 321. Each of the two supporting seats 321 is configured with a sliding through slot 3211. The sliding through slots 3211 are adapted for accommodating the wings 313 of the operation member 31 extendingly and slidably received therethrough, respectively. A fixing member 322 bridges over the two supporting seats 321 and is fixed top sides of the two supporting seats 321 with screw bolts. The fixing member 322 is provided for preventing the operation member 31 from separating from the supporting seats 321. The wings 313 can be driven to slide along the sliding through slots 3211, so that the operation member 31 can be slid up and down therein. The base 32 is further provided with at least one supporting bracket 323 defined with a shaft hole 3231. The base 32 is also provided with a post 324 and a hollow post 325 standing on a bottom surface of the base 32. The post 324 is adapted to be sheathed by the elastic member 314 of the operation member 31, so as to restrain the elastic member 314 for longitudinally stretching/compressing. The transmission mechanism 33 includes a gear assembly and a transmission shaft 333. The gear assembly includes at least one in-line gear disk 331 and an irreversible driving gear disk 332. The in-line gear disk 331 is pivotally coupled to the shaft hole 3231 of the supporting bracket 323. The in-line gear disk 331 includes a pinion 3311 adapted for meshing with the gear rack 312 of the operation member 31. The in-line gear disk 331 meshes with the irreversible driving gear disk 332. In the current embodiment, the in-line gear disk 331 perpendicularly meshes with the irreversible driving gear disk 332. The transmission shaft 333 is assembled to the irreversible driving gear disk 332. A lower end of the transmission shaft 333 is movably embedded in the hollow post 325 standing on the bottom surface of the base 32. An upper end of the transmission shaft 333 passes through the bottom of the receptacle tub 11, and is thus assembled with the assembling hole 21 defined at a bottom of the dewatering unit 20. FIG. 6 describes a state of the dewatering structure when there is no external force applied thereto. FIG. 7 describes an operation state of the dewatering structure when an external force F is applied thereto. FIG. 8 illustrates a state after releasing the applied external force F. Referring to FIG. 6, in accordance with the state of the dewatering structure, the operation member 31 is propped up and maintained at a high position by the elastic member 314. As shown in FIG. 7, when a user downwardly applies an external force F onto the operation member 31, the operation member 31 is driven to move to a low position. Meanwhile, the gear rack 312 of the operation member 31 downwardly moves to drive the pinion 3311 (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) and the in-line gear disk 331 to rotate in counterclockwise direction. Therefore, the in-line gear disk 331 drives the irreversible driving gear disk 332, the transmission shaft 333 and the dewatering unit 20 to rotate in clockwise direction, as shown in FIG. 7. In such a way, as being downwardly compressed, the elastic member 314 accumulates an elastic recovery force. Referring to FIG. 8, when the external force F applied to the operation member 31 is released therefrom, the accumulated elastic recovery force then pushes the operation member 314 up back to the high position. In this case, the operation member 31 moves upwardly, and the gear rack 312 correspondingly upwardly moves and drives the pinion 3311 of the in-line gear disk 331 and the in-line gear disk 331 to synchronously rotate in clockwise direction. Meanwhile, the in-line gear disk 331 also drives the irreversible driving gear disk 332 to rotate in counterclockwise direction. The irreversible driving gear disk 332 can drive the transmission shaft 333 to
|
['A47L1358']
|
detailed_description
|
11,753,407
|
[description] Techniques, methods, apparatus and a system for advertising and advertising revenue management are described. The techniques, methods, apparatus and system can be used to facilitate print advertising (e.g., advertising occurring in print, such as, for example, in newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, flyers, brochures, and other printed publications). FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example implementation of an electronic advertising system 100, such as, for example, an electronic print ad management system. The system 100 includes advertisers 102 and publishers 106. A publisher 106 can be an entity that publishes content (e.g., print ads) or places content for publication with another entity. By way of example, reference is made to placing print ads in a publication. Other forms of content can be delivered and published in accordance with the methods, apparatus and systems disclosed herein. An advertiser 102 can be an entity that desires to place a print ad in a printed publication. The advertiser 102 can be a direct supplier (e.g., an advertising entity) or an indirect supplier (e.g., a middle man) of print ads. The system further includes an advertising system manager 104. The advertising system manager 104 can operate to bring the advertisers 102 and publishers 106 together, for example, by way of an online print ad marketplace, as is described further below. A computer network 110, such as a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), the Internet, or a combination thereof, can connect the advertisers 102, the advertising system manager 104 and the publishers 106. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example process 200 for providing an electronic advertising system 100 (e.g., an online marketplace) for publishers 106 and advertisers 102, wherein one or more of the steps in the process can be carried out by, for example, the advertising system manager 104. Available print ad space is identified (step 202). For example, the publishers 106 can provide information to the advertising system manager 104 about available print ad space. The publisher information can include the name of the publication, the date or dates the publication is published, the location of the print ad space within the publication, the size and layout of the print ad space, whether the print ad will be run in black and white, color or either, and/or other information the publisher desires to provide to market their available print ad space. Information associated with the publishers of the available print ad space is provided (step 204). For example, the advertising system manager 104 can provide an online marketplace in which publisher information provided by the publishers 106 is made available to the advertisers 102. In one implementation, the online marketplace is a web site. In this implementation, an advertiser 102 can be presented with a graphical user interface (GUI) through which the advertiser 102 can input certain choices about publishers with whom they would like to place ads. For example, the GUI can include checkboxes, drop-down menus, radio controls, data entry fields, and/or other user input controls or combinations thereof. In one implementation, the web site includes search capabilities. For example, if an advertiser 102 would like to search for a newspaper in a particular geographic location, the advertiser 102 can use the search capabilities to identify one or more newspapers meeting the advertiser's 102 geographic criteria, although a search query can be based on different and/or other search criteria as well. An advertiser selects one or more publishers that the advertiser is interested in placing a print ad with (step 206). For example, using the web site provided by the advertising system manager 104, the advertiser 102 can provide input to the advertising system manager 104 to choose one or more publishers 106 that the advertiser 102 is interested in placing ads with based on publisher information included on the web site. By way of illustrative example, consider an advertiser 102 that is interested in placing a print ad in a newspaper. In this example the publishers 106 are newspapers. The advertiser 102 can choose certain newspaper publishers 106, for example, based on factors such as geography, circulation size, ad size availability, section availability and other criteria. To the extent that a publisher 106 has provided publisher information relevant to these factors to the advertising system manager 104, the advertiser 102 can access this information, through the advertising system manager 104, when choosing the newspaper publishers 106. The advertiser creates an offer for one or more print ads with the selected publishers and can submit the offer to the advertising system manager, which receives the offer (step 207). The offer can include the specific terms associated with the advertisement including the price that advertiser is willing to pay for placing the ad. For example, the advertiser 102 can select various parameters related to the desired advertising, such as the day(s)-of-week, desired newspaper section and ad size for each chosen newspaper publisher 106. The advertiser 102 can input a “bid amount” (e.g., a price the advertiser 102 is willing to pay to place an ad of the selected ad size in the chosen newspaper section on the selected day or days of the week). In some implementations, the advertiser's input, including the bid amount, constitutes the advertiser's “offer.” In step 208, offers are submitted to corresponding publishers. For example, the advertising system manager 104 can submit the advertiser's offers to the corresponding publishers 106. In some implementations, submitting the offers can include sending an electronic message to the publishers that includes information about the offers. In some implementations, submitting the offers can include making the information about the offers available on a portion of a web site maintained by advertising system manager 104, which may be accessibly only by appropriate publishers. In some implementations, submitting the offers can include making the offers available on a particular portion of the web site and notifying the appropriate publishers of the availability of the offers by electronic message. Each publisher 106 can respond by either accepting or declining the offer.
|
['G06Q4000']
|
detailed_description
|
11,683,738
|
[claim] 1. A light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode electrically isolated from the first electrode; and a luminescence layer formed of an electrolyte and disposed to contact with both of the first electrode and second electrode, the electrolyte comprising a luminous pigment which emits light, an ionic liquid, and carbonate, the carbonate being solid at normal temperature. 2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the carbonate is selected from a group consisting of ethylene carbonate, benzylphenyl carbonate, ethyl-m-tolyl carbonate, ethylphenyl carbonate, t-butyl-4-vinylphenyl carbonate, t-butylphenyl carbonate, t-butylethyl-3,5-xylyl carbonate, allylphenyl carbonate, diallyl carbonate and dibenzyl carbonate. 3. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the carbonate is ethylene carbonate. 4. The light-emitting device according to claim 3, wherein the ethylene carbonate is within a range of 3 to 40% by weight based on a total weight of the ionic liquid and the carbonate. 5. The light-emitting device according to claim 4, wherein the ethylene carbonate is within a range of 5 to 20% by weight based on a total weight of the ionic liquid and the carbonate. 6. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid included in the electrolyte is a normal temperature molten salt comprising an anion and a cation having a structure represented by a following general formula (A). 7. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the cation is N-methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidinium ion. 8. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of BF4−, [BF3(CF3)]−, [BF3(C2F5)]−, [B(COOCOO)2]−, [(CF3SO2)2N]− and [(C2F5SO2)2N]−. 9. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, wherein the anion is [(CF3SO2)2N]−. 10. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a porous layer disposed on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. 11. The light-emitting device according to claim 10, wherein the porous layer has a thickness ranging from 1 to 50 μm. 12. The light-emitting device according to claim 10, wherein the porous layer is constituted by an aggregate of titania fine particles. 13. The light-emitting device according to claim 12, wherein a particle diameter of the titania fine particles ranges from 5 to 300 nm. 14. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the luminous pigment contained in the electrolyte is a Ru complex. 15. The light-emitting device according to claim 14, wherein the Ru complex comprises a ligand selected from the group consisting of pyridine derivatives, bipyridyl derivatives, terpyridyl derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, acetylacetone derivatives and dicarbonyl derivatives. 16. A light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to face the first electrode and spaced apart therefrom; and a luminescence layer formed of an electrolyte and interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to contact with both of the first electrode and second electrode, the electrolyte comprising a luminous pigment which emits light, an ionic liquid, and carbonate, the carbonate being solid at normal temperature. 17. The light-emitting device according to claim 16, wherein the is selected from a group consisting of ethylene carbonate, benzylphenyl carbonate, ethyl-m-tolyl carbonate, ethylphenyl carbonate, t-butyl-4-vinylphenyl carbonate, t-butylphenyl carbonate, t-butylethyl-3,5-xylyl carbonate, allylphenyl carbonate, diallyl carbonate and dibenzyl carbonate. 18. The light-emitting device according to claim 16, wherein the ionic liquid included in the electrolyte is a normal temperature molten salt comprising an anion and a cation having a structure represented by the following general formula (A). 19. A light-emitting device comprising: an insulating substrate; a first tandem electrode disposed on the insulating substrate; a second tandem electrode disposed to electrically insulate from the first tandem electrode and formed on the insulating substrate; and a luminescence layer formed of an electrolyte and interposed to contact with both of the first tandem electrode and second tandem electrode, the electrolyte comprising a luminous pigment which emits light, an ionic liquid, and carbonate, the carbonate being solid at normal temperature. 20. The light-emitting device according to claim 19, wherein the carbonate is selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, benzylphenyl carbonate, ethyl-m-tolyl carbonate, ethylphenyl carbonate, t-butyl-4-vinylphenyl carbonate, t-butylphenyl carbonate, t-butylethyl-3,5-xylyl carbonate, allylphenyl carbonate, diallyl carbonate and dibenzyl carbonate.
|
['H01J162']
|
claim
|
10,532,118
|
[claim] 1. A method of manufacturing a radiation detector having one or more conductive contacts on a semiconductor substrate, the method including the steps of: applying a first conductive layer to a first surface of the semiconductor substrate; applying a second conductive layer to form a plurality of contiguous layers of conductive materials, said plurality of contiguous layers including said first conductive layer; and selectively removing parts of said plurality of contiguous layers so as to form said conductive contacts, the conductive contacts defining one or more radiation detector cells in the semiconductor substrate. 2. A method according to claim 1, including applying a third layer between said first and second layers, said third layer being a conductive layer. 3. A method according to claim 1, including applying a further layer to the second layer, said further layer being a conductive layer. 4. A method according to claim 1, including forming a layer of passivation material on said conductive contacts and the regions around conductive contacts; and removing portions of said passivation material overlying said conductive contacts to expose the conductive contacts. 5. A method according to claim 1, including: forming a layer of photoresistive material on said substrate surface; selectively exposing said photoresistive material and removing said photoresistive material from areas corresponding to said contact positions to expose said semiconductor substrate surface; forming at least said first and second layers of conductive material on remaining photoresistive material and on said exposed semiconductor substrate surface; and removing conductive material overlying said remaining photoresistive material by removing said remaining photoresistive material. 6. A method according to claim 4, wherein the step of removing portions of said passivation material overlying said conductive contacts to expose the conductive contacts comprises: forming a further layer of photoresistive material over said passivation layer;, selectively exposing said further layer of photoresistive material and removing said further photoresistive material to expose portions of said passivation layer corresponding to said contact positions; removing said exposed portions of passivation material; and removing remaining further photoresistive material. 7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said portions of said passivation layer are removed from areas smaller than the size of said conductive contacts such that the passivation layer overlaps said conductive contacts. 8. A method according to claim 1, wherein each of said first and second layers is applied by sputtering, evaporation, electrolytic deposition, or electroless deposition. 9. A method according to claim 1, including forming a layer of conductive material on a surface of said substrate opposite to said first surface. 10. A radiation detector having a semiconductor substrate, comprising: a plurality of conductive contacts arranged along the semiconductor substrate, the conductive contacts defining one or more radiation detector cells in the semiconductor substrate, wherein each of the conductive contacts comprises a plurality of contiguous layers of conductive materials comprising a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer. 11. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein the first layer is a contact layer arranged to provide chemical contact between the conductive contacts and the substrate. 12. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein the second layer is a diffusion barrier layer arranged to protect the substrate from parts adjacent said conductive contacts. 13. A radiation detector according to claim 10, including a third conductive layer adjacent said first layer and said second layer. 14. A radiation detector according to claim 13, wherein the third layer is an adhesion layer arranged to provide adhesion between said first and second layers. 15. A radiation detector according to claim 10, including a further conductive layer adjacent said second layer. 16. A radiation detector according to claim 15, wherein the radiation detector includes a further semiconductor substrate, the further semiconductor substrate being connectable to the semiconductor substrate by charge receiving means, and said further conductive layer being a wetting agent arranged to provide chemical bonding between the conductive contacts and said charge receiving means. 17. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein the first layer is of a different type of conductive material to that of the second layer. 18. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein said first layer comprises platinum and the second layer comprises nickel. 19. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein said first layer comprises platinum and the second layer comprises gold. 20. A radiation detector according to claim 15 when dependent on claim 13, including a further conductive layer adjacent said second layer, wherein the third and further layers are of the same type of conductive material. 21. A radiation detector according to claim 20, wherein the third and further layers comprise gold. 22. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of contiguous layers is one of nickel, gold, platinum, indium, titanium, tungsten, a nickel/gold alloy or a titanium/tungsten alloy. 23. A radiation detector according to claim 10, including passivation material around individual conductive contacts. 24. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein said conductive contacts define an array of pixel cells. 25. A radiation detector according to claim 24, wherein said contacts are substantially circular and are arranged in a plurality of rows, with alternate rows preferably being offset from adjacent rows. 26. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein said conductive contacts define a plurality of strips arranged parallel to one another. 27. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein, in a direction parallel to the plane of the substrate, said conductive contacts are from about 5 μm to about 100 μm in size and distributed with a pitch from about 7 μm to about 500 μm. 28. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein, in a direction parallel to the plane of the substrate, said conductive contacts are of the order of 15 μm in size and distributed with a pitch of the order of 35 μm. 29. A radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein the resistivity between said conductive contacts is in excess of 1 GΩ/square, preferably in
|
['H01L2100' 'H01L29768']
|
claim
|
11,147,086
|
[claim] 1. A drive for an elevator installation that drives a car and a counterweight with a supporting and driving means comprising: a drive shaft; a drive pulley coupled to said drive shaft for engaging the supporting and driving means; a motor coupled to said drive shaft for rotating said drive pulley; a brake coupled to said drive shaft and positioned at one of adjacent said drive pulley and at an end of said motor; and at least one pin attaching said brake to one of a support of the drive and a housing of said motor. 2. The drive according to claim 1 wherein said brake includes at least two brake modules attached together. 3. The drive according to claim 1 wherein said at least one pin spaces a housing of said brake from said one of said support and said housing of said motor. 4. The drive according to claim 1 wherein an end of said at least one pin is recessed in said brake and another end of said at least one pin is recessed in said one of said support and said housing of said motor. 5. The drive according to claim 1 wherein said at least one pin has a longitudinal bore and including a fastener extending through said bore to attach said brake to said one of said support and said housing of said motor. 6. The drive according to claim 1 wherein said brake includes at least two brake modules attached together by said at least one pin. 7. The drive according to claim 6 wherein said at least one pin spaces a housing of one of said brake modules from a housing of another of said brake modules. 8. The drive according to claim 6 wherein an end of said at least one pin is recessed in one of said brake modules and another end of said at least one pin is recessed in another one of said brake modules. 9. The drive according to claim 6 wherein said at least one pin has a longitudinal bore and including a fastener extending through said bore to attach said at least two brake modules together. 10. The drive according to claim 1 wherein the drive includes at least two mutually spaced-apart drive zones each with at least one of said drive pulley, a main bearing is arranged between the at least two drive zones and at least one of said motor and said brake is arranged outside the drive zones. 11. The drive according to claim 1 wherein the supporting and driving means is a belt and a traction surface of said drive pulley is one of flat, longitudinally profiled or transversely profiled. 12. The drive according to claim 1 wherein said motor has a motor shaft integral with said drive shaft. 13. The drive according to claim 12 wherein said drive shaft and said drive pulley are of integral construction. 14. The drive according to claim 1 wherein said drive shaft and said drive pulley are of integral construction. 15. A drive for an elevator installation that drives a car and a counterweight with a supporting and driving means comprising: a support; a drive shaft rotatably mounted on said support; at least one drive pulley coupled to said drive shaft for engaging the supporting and driving means; a motor coupled to an end of said drive shaft for rotating said at least one drive pulley; a brake coupled to another end of said drive shaft for braking said at least one drive pulley and said motor; and at least two pins attaching said brake to said support. 16. The drive according to claim 15 wherein each of said pins has a longitudinal bore and including an associated fastener extending through said bore to attach said brake to said support. 17. The drive according to claim 15 wherein said brake includes at least two brake modules attached together by said at least two pins.
|
['B66B516']
|
claim
|
11,346,796
|
[summary] The present invention aims at overcoming all or part of the disadvantages of integrated memories in conventional telephony circuits. The present invention more specifically aims at providing a DRAM usable in GSM-type mobile telephony circuits. The present invention also aims at making the power consumption of a DRAM compatible with a mobile telephone standby operation. The present invention further aims at providing a solution adaptable to different memory capacities. To achieve all or part of these objects, as well as others, the present invention provides a circuit for controlling a DRAM, comprising a first refreshment controller controlled by a first clock signal, and a second refreshment controller controlled by a second clock signal having a lower frequency than the first one. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first refreshment circuit is activated in normal operation mode while the second refreshment circuit is activated in standby mode of the circuit integrating the DRAM. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second clock frequency synchronizes the operation mode switchings. According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least two voltage regulators are respectively dedicated to the normal and standby operation modes. The present invention also provides a DRAM comprising an array network of memory cells and a control circuit. The present invention also provides a mobile telephony circuit comprising at least one microprocessor and its peripherals and modems, and integrating at least one first DRAM. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second clock frequency corresponds to the synchronization frequency of events of the GSM network. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the telephony circuit further integrates a signal processor. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the signal processor is associated with a second DRAM. The present invention also provides a mobile phone comprising a telephony circuit. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be discussed in detail in the following non-limiting description of specific embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings.
|
['G11C700']
|
summary
|
11,066,781
|
Imager row-wise noise correction [SEP] [abstract] An imager having optically and electrically black reference pixels in each row of the imager's pixel array. Since the reference pixels of each row experience the same row-wise noise as active imaging pixels in the associated row, the signals from the reference pixels are used to cancel out row-wise noise from the row of imaging pixels. The reference pixels are designed such that their photosensors are physically or effectively removed from the row-wise noise correction, thus rendering them electrically black or dark. As such, the reference pixels can be used to provide row-wise noise correction without the adverse effects of warm and hot pixels.
|
['H04N5217']
|
abstract
|
12,132,000
|
[description] Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for barge-in operation by an automated agent to expedite the problem resolution process. In a particularly useful embodiment, when a caller initiates an inquiry, the automated agent keeps recognizing the input speech in conjunction with a knowledge bank and tries to make a reasonable guess regarding the caller's intent. Information in the knowledge bank is updated continuously, either from a call center management team, if they know of prevalent problems, or it could be culled from caller inputs, if a number of special issues dominate the calls. As soon as the automated agent is confident, it barges in on the caller with a response to the inquiry. Without this type of barge-in method, the process of problem resolution is likely to be slower, making the caller unhappy with the automated call center experience. The invention described in this disclosure enables barge-in by an automated agent with the help of a knowledge bank to speed up the process of caller's problem resolution. One advantage is that the caller's problem is resolved faster, making the caller satisfied with the call center experience. It should be understood that the elements shown in the FIGS. may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software or combinations thereof. Preferably, these elements are implemented in a combination of hardware and software on one or more appropriately programmed general-purpose digital computers having a processor and memory and input/output interfaces. It should be further understood that the use of the word inquiry includes any uttered speech from a user that can evoke a response by the agent system described herein. Inquiry may include a user question, a command, a comment, or a response as the case may be. Referring now to the drawings in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements and initially to FIG. 1, an automated call center 10 is shown in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Speech input 12 from a caller is processed by a speech recognizer 14 and an action classifier 16 to determine an action to be taken. The action classifier 16 is aided in its task by a knowledge bank 18, which knows about a domain and a state of the inquiry. The knowledge bank stores information about historically asked questions or responses and may be trained in accordance with the specific application(s) to be performed by agent 10. Action classifier 16 preferably scores using likelihoods or probabilities that a particular response or inquiry will be posed to agent 10. This calculation or determination may be performed in a plurality of ways. For example, a likelihood that a portion of the response is actually part of a known question is checked and a score is computed. Known algorithms may be employed. An action classifier score is output from the classifier 16 and checked against a threshold in block 20. In a conventional system this check would be performed only after the end of the entire inquiry. If the final score falls below a preselected confidence threshold, the caller is typically prompted to repeat the query, as the conventional system was unable to make a proper decision. The caller could then repeat the inquiry or make a new one as needed and receive a reply from the automated agent and so on. This suffers from unnecessary delay as described above. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the speech input 12, which is processed by the speech recognizer 14 and the action classifier 16 depends on the knowledge bank 18 to keep track of the domain and state of the inquiry. When an action is taken, the knowledge bank is updated to reflect the latest status of a call and learn new responses. Rather than waiting until the end of speech is reached, the action classifier score output from classifier 16 is monitored continuously in block 20. When the running score in block 20 exceeds a certain confidence threshold, the automated agent 10 permits a barge-in, even though the caller has not finished speaking the whole inquiry. This includes that when the running score exceeds the threshold, the automated agent 10 has enough information to make a decision and respond to the caller. As long as the running score is less than the threshold, the system 10 keeps checking to see if the caller has finished speaking. When the end of speech is detected in block 24, the rest of the procedure may follow the paths as described herein. Thus, the final score is compared against a confidence threshold in block 26. If the final score is below this threshold, the caller is prompted to repeat the query in block 28. Otherwise, action is taken in block 30 in a no barge-in mode. In block 20, when the running score exceeds the threshold, a barge-in action is taken in block 32. The system 10 permits automated agent barge-in, and the action classifier 16 responds in an appropriate manner in accordance with the system's understanding of the user's inquiry, expediting the problem resolution process. In an illustrative example, a call center receives a call and the user provides input (12) in the form of an inquiry, for example, “Is tax included in the price of the item?” The speech recognizer 14 would begin recognizing the speech, and when “Is tax” is recognized and input to the action classifier 16 using the knowledge bank 18 would score these two words with a score of say 78%. In this example, the threshold in block 20 is 75%. Therefore, the running score of 78% exceeds the threshold of 75%. The action of barging-in would be performed in block 32, followed by a response generated by a dialog manager 36 or action classifier 16, which generates an appropriate response. For example, in the present case, the response would be “No, tax is not included in the price”. Referring to FIG. 2, a block/flow diagram illustratively depicts a system/method for responding early to a user
|
['H04M300' 'G10L1500']
|
detailed_description
|
11,762,801
|
[description] The foregoing and other features of the invention will be apparent from the more particular description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawing. The drawing is not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional phase change memory device. FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a part of a cell array region of a phase change memory device according to an exemplary disclosed embodiment. FIG. 3 is a top view of a part of a cell array region of a phase change memory device according to an exemplary disclosed embodiment. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 3, illustrating a phase change memory device according to an exemplary disclosed embodiment. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 3, illustrating a phase change memory device according to an alternative exemplary embodiment. FIGS. 6 to 10 are cross-sectional views taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 3, illustrating a method of fabricating the phase change memory device according to an exemplary disclosed embodiment. FIGS. 11 to 13 are cross-sectional views taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 3, illustrating a method of fabricating the phase change memory device according to an alternative exemplary disclosed embodiment. FIG. 14 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a part of a cell array region of a phase change memory device according to another alternative exemplary disclosed embodiment. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the phase change memory device disclosed in FIG. 14 according to an exemplary disclosed embodiment.
|
['H01L4700' 'H01L2106']
|
detailed_description
|
11,768,710
|
[claim] 21. A packaged countertop available for purchase at a retail outlet, comprising: a pre cut non man made, non custom ordered solid natural stone slab countertop pre cut to a standard size and packaging for protecting said countertop from damage during shipping and handling of said packaged countertop. 22. The packaged countertop of claim 21, wherein said countertop has at least one opening to accommodate at least one of a sink and a faucet. 23. The packaged countertop of claim 21, further comprising a prefabricated backsplash made of the same natural stone as said countertop, for use with said countertop, wherein said packaging also protects said backsplash from damage during shipping and handling. 24. The packaged countertop of claim 21, further comprising fastening means for attaching a sink to said countertop. 25. The packaged countertop of claim 21, wherein said packaging has a cut-out to enable viewing of a portion of said countertop. 26. The packaged countertop of claim 21, wherein said packing comprises an inner box and an outer box. 27. The packaged countertop of claim 26, wherein said inner box and said outer box each has a cut-out to enable viewing of a portion of said countertop. 28. The packaged countertop of claim 21 wherein said inner box has four folding corners for protection of the corners of the natural stone slab corners. 29. The packaged countertop of claim 28 in which the each of the four foldable corners comprises fold lines along which the corners will fold. 30. A packaged countertop available for purchase at a retail outlet, comprising: a pre cut non man made, non custom ordered natural stone slab countertop pre cut to a standard size and having at least one opening to accommodate at least one of a sink and a faucet; packaging for protecting said countertop from damage during shipping and handling. 31. The packaged countertop of claim 30, further comprising a prefabricated natural stone backsplash, made of the same natural stone as said countertop, for use with said countertop, wherein said packaging protects said backsplash from damage during shipping and handling. 32. The packaged countertop according to claim 30, further comprising fastening means for attaching a sink to said countertop. 33. The packaged countertop according to claim 30, wherein said packaging defines a cut-out to enable viewing of a portion of said countertop. 34. A kit for sale to a do-it-yourself retail consumer comprising, a pre cut non man made, non custom ordered natural stone slab countertop pre cut to a standard size and having at least one opening to accommodate at least one of a sink and a faucet; a container of an adhesive for attaching a sink to said countertop, packaging for protecting said countertop from damage during shipping and handling. 35. The kit of claim 34, further comprising a prefabricated backsplash made of the same natural stone as said countertop, for use with said countertop, wherein said packaging also protects said backsplash from damage during shipping and handling. 36. The kit of claim 34, in which the adhesive is an epoxy. 37. The kit of claim 34 wherein said packaging has a cut-out to enable viewing of a portion of said countertop.
|
['B65D8546']
|
claim
|
11,100,179
|
[claim] 1. A video display system for a vehicle, the system comprising: a first video display for providing an image projection to a rearview mirror of the vehicle; and a second video display mounted behind the first video display. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first video display is at least one of a liquid crystal display device, an electro-luminescent display device, a cathode-ray tube device and a gas plasma device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second video display is at least one of a liquid crystal display device, an electro-luminescent display device, a cathode-ray tube device and a gas plasma device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the second video display is coupled with a media player to display media contents on the second video display. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the media player is at least one of a digital video disk (DVD), a video cassette player, a flash-memory media player, a magnetic storage media player and a hard-disk based media player. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the second video display provides a display for a video game. 7. The system of claim, 1 wherein the second video display provides a display for a television signal. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a navigation system coupled to the first video display, wherein the first video display shows navigation information received from the navigation system. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second video displays are connected to a wiring harness of the vehicle. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a camera for capturing an image from the rear side of the vehicle and transmitting a video signal to the first video display for displaying the image on the first video display. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the camera is coupled to the first video display through a wired link. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the camera is coupled to the first video display through a wireless link. 13. The system of claim 10, further comprising: an image processing system coupled to the camera and the first video display. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the image processing system alters at least one of sharpness, clarity, brightness, contrast and color image parameters for the video signal. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the image processing system adds a visual symbol to the image representing at least one of temperature, wind speed, GPS (Global Positioning System) parameters, weather information, warnings, and vehicle dashboard information. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the image processing system provides correction for lateral inversion of the image. 17. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a camera for capturing an image of a driver's blind spot and transmitting a video signal to the first video display for displaying the image on the first video display. 18. A video display system for a vehicle, the system comprising: a first video display, optically synchronized with a rearview mirror of the vehicle, wherein the first video screen displays an image that is projected onto the rearview mirror; and a second video display, mounted behind the first video display, wherein both the first and second video displays are mounted in an overhead position inside the vehicle. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising a link for optically synchronizing the first video display with the rearview mirror, wherein the link causes movement of at least one of the first video display and the rearview mirror to maintain the image projected onto the rearview mirror. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the link is a mechanical assembly. 21. The system of claim 18, wherein the link is an electromechanical assembly. 22. The system of claim 18, wherein the second video display is mounted to be aligned with a backside of the first video display. 23. An video display system for a vehicle, the system comprising: a rearview mirror; and a video unit comprising a first video display for providing an image projection to the rearview mirror, and a second video display mounted behind the first video display. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein one of the first and second video displays is at least one of a liquid crystal display device, an electro-luminescent display device, a cathode-ray tube device and a gas plasma device. 25. The system of claim 23, further comprising a link for optically synchronizing the first video display with the rearview mirror, wherein the link causes movement of at least one of the first video display and the rearview mirror to maintain the image projected into the rearview mirror. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the link is a mechanical assembly including a belt. 27. The system of claim 25, wherein the link is an electromechanical assembly. 28. The system of claim 23, wherein the first video display and second video display are physically separated from each other. 29. The system of claim 23, wherein the video unit is an integrated unit including the first and second displays. 30. The system of claim 23, further comprising: a camera for capturing an image from the rear side of the vehicle and transmitting a video signal to the first video display for displaying the image on the first video display.
|
['H04N718' 'H04N947']
|
claim
|
11,865,246
|
[description] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 illustrates an overview of a scrapbook order system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scrapbook order system according to this embodiment is such that a creator 2 attempting to actually create a scrapbook is capable of executing a simulation for creating the scrapbook using the creator's own computer 1. The creator 2 accesses a scrapbook server 5 using the computer 1. When this is done, the scrapbook server 5 sends the computer 1 of the creator 2 part image data representing part images for executing the simulation of scrapbook creation. Examples of the part images are a paper mount image, photographic image, decorative images such as marks, and material images representing three-dimensional materials such as a ribbon or button. Upon receiving the part image data, the computer 1 of the creator 2 executes the scrapbook creating simulation on the display screen on the computer 1 using the part images represented by the part image data. Whenever a part image is selected and the placement thereof decided, layer data is transmitted from the computer 1 of the creator 2 to the scrapbook server 5 in succession. Upon receiving the layer data transmitted from the computer 1 of the creator 2, the scrapbook server 5 creates a procedural manual (an explanation manual for actually creating a scrapbook) in line with the simulation of the creator 2 based upon the received layer data. Further, photographs and decorative images necessary in order to create the scrapbook are printed, and material such as ribbons and buttons is extracted in a parts center. Parts such as the paper mount and photographs for creating the scrapbook and the procedural manual (explanation manual) for creating the scrapbook are packaged and the package is delivered to the residence of creator 2 from the scrapbook center. While looking at the procedural manual and using the parts contained in the package, the creator 2 creates the scrapbook by affixing the photographs, printed decorative images and material such as ribbons and buttons to the mount in the manner that was carried out in the simulation. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the electrical configuration of the scrapbook server 5. The operation of the overall scrapbook server 5 is controlled by a CPU 12. The scrapbook server 5 includes a CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory) drive 19. When a CD-ROM 20 on which server software 17 for controlling an operation (described later) has been stored is loaded in the CD-ROM drive 19, the server software 17 is installed on a hard disk 16. In addition to the server software 17, a database 18 has been stored on the hard disk 16. The server software 17, etc., stored on the hard disk 16 is accessed by a hard-disk drive 15. The scrapbook server 5 includes a display unit 10 for displaying images, a keyboard 11 for inputting commands, etc., a memory 13 for storing data, etc., temporarily, and a network interface 14 for connecting to a network. FIGS. 3 to 6 are flowcharts illustrating processing executed between the computer 1 of the creator 2 and the scrapbook server 5. These flowcharts show the processing of the simulation for creating a scrapbook in the manner described above. The computer 1 of the creator 2 and the scrapbook server 5 are connected (step 30) and the creator 2 is authenticated at the scrapbook server 5 (step 61). When the creator has been authenticated (“YES” at step 62), the scrapbook server 5 determines whether a scrapbook edit image, namely an image whose editing by the creator 2 is in progress, has been stored (step 63). An image displayed on the display screen of the computer 1 of the creator 2 in a simulation is a scrapbook edit image. During or after a simulation, data representing the scrapbook edit image can be stored in the scrapbook server 5, and a simulation can be carried out using the stored scrapbook edit image. Whether a scrapbook edit image has been stored or not is determined for this reason. If a scrapbook edit image has been stored (“YES” at step 63), the data representing the stored scrapbook edit image is transmitted from the scrapbook server 5 to the computer 1 of the creator 2 (step 64). If a scrapbook edit image has not been stored (“NO” at step 63), then data representing a default scrapbook edit image is transmitted from the scrapbook server 5 to the computer 1 of creator 2 (step 65). Upon receiving data representing a scrapbook edit image (step 31), the computer 1 of the creator 2 displays the scrapbook edit image on the display screen of the computer 1 (step 32). In this embodiment, it is assumed that the default scrapbook edit image is displayed. FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a window 80 displayed on the display screen of the computer 1 of creator 2. The window 80 is formed to have a part selection area 90 on the left side, a command issuing area 100 on the right side, a part-color specifying area 120 at bottom center, and a scrapbook edit image display area 130 at the center. The part selection area 90 includes a mount area 91, a user photo area 92, a decoration area 93 and a material area 94. The mount area 91 is an area clicked by the creator if a paper mount is selected. If the mount area 91 is clicked, a small window 95 appears under the mount area 91, as illustrated in FIG. 8. Thumbnail mount images representing samples of paper mounts are displayed within the small window 95 that has appeared. A scroll bar 96 is formed on the right side of the small window 95. New thumbnail mount images appear in the small window 95 in response to the scroll bar 96 being moved up or down. Clicking a thumbnail mount
|
['G06F1516']
|
detailed_description
|
12,481,160
|
PHOTODETECTOR, ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS [SEP] [abstract] An photodetector includes: a first light receiving element that receives light including ambient light; a second light receiving element that receives light including the ambient light; and a red color filter disposed on an optical path through which the ambient light is incident on the second light receiving element.
|
['G01J500' 'G01J142' 'G01J132']
|
abstract
|
12,405,148
|
[invention] At present, optical disc drives are used extensively in audio/video players and data storage devices, and thus is a necessary computer peripheral. Since optical disc drives become increasingly thinner, the design of an optical pickup head is one of the key points. Optical pickup head is just like the heart of an optical disc drive having a primary function of producing sufficiently small focusing points on an optical disc and generating a focus error signal and a track error signal in order to access data stored in the optical disc accurately and quickly. To reduce volume, some optical pickup heads are made by integrated circuits, and the micro electro-mechanical elements are coupled with each other by a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology, and a surface micro manufacturing technology is used for reducing the size and weight of a system and showing a micro optical bench and functions of a signal pickup head module of the optical disc drives. Referring to FIG. 1 for a schematic view of a conventional micro optical pickup apparatus, the micro optical pickup apparatus 1 is made of stacked micro optical elements. The micro optical pickup apparatus 1 includes a laser LED 10 , an optical detector 11 , a holographic optical element (HOE) 12 , a collimating lens 13 and an object lens 14 . The laser diode 10 produces an incident light 16 for passing through the holographic optical element 12 and a collimating lens 13 to form parallel beams and then the incident light 16 passes through a object lens 14 for focusing onto an optical disc 15 . A reflected light 17 is reflected from the optical disc 15 , passes through the holographic optical element 12 , and focuses on the optical detector 11 . In the design of a holographic optical element 12 , patterns with a deflected angle are etched to achieve one order of the diffracted beams, produce a limited efficiency of optical paths and raise the level of difficulty for the lithographic process. Furthermore, it is necessary to take the stress issue of a thin film into consideration. In the area of micro optical manufacturing processes, etching is one of the important manufacturing processes. With the lithographic process, a pattern is transferred to a photoresist on a thin film, and a portion of the thin film covered and protected by the photoresist is removed by a chemical reaction or a physical action, so as to complete the final purpose of transferring the pattern onto the thin film. Wet etching is the earliest etching technology used for removing the uncovered portion of a thin film by a chemical reaction between the thin film and a specific solution. The features of the wet etching include a simple manufacturing process, a quick etching speed, and a wide range of different materials. However, the chemical reaction comes with an isotropic etching which is a non-directional etching using corrosive radicals for oxidizing and bonding an etched material, and an equal speed of etching the etched material downward and sideway causes the formation of an undercut easily. On the other hand, dry etching is an anisotropic etching technology used for removing a material by exposing the material to a bombardment of ions, and the high-energy ions go through a bias voltage attraction to accelerate bombarding on a surface of the etched material and dislodge portions of the material from the exposed surface, and thus dry etching has an advantage of controlling a thin film etch profile. Therefore, the fabrication of a holographic optical element 12 requires etching patterns on a thin film at a deflected angle and comes with a narrow range of computation parameters and a high level of difficulty for the control technically. In addition, the conventional holographic optical element 12 is a penetrating optical element that requires spaces on both sides for the optical transmission and becomes an unfavorable factor for minimizing the thickness of the optical pickup apparatus. In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventor of the present invention based on years of experience in the related field to conduct extensive researches and experiments, and finally developed a micro optical pickup apparatus of the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
|
['G11B7135']
|
background
|
12,502,716
|
[claim] 1. A vorticity reducing cowling for a diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly, the diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly including a shroud, a wind turbine disposed within the shroud, and a diffuser coupled to an outlet of the shroud, the wind turbine including a wind turbine housing and a plurality of blades rotatably disposed within the wind turbine housing, the plurality of blades providing a swept area, the cowling comprising: a body disposed upstream of the plurality of blades; said body including an inlet end defining a first opening, said first opening having a first area; and said body including an outlet end defining a second opening, said second opening having a second area that is less that said first area, wherein said second area is less than the swept area of the plurality of the blades. 2. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 1, wherein said second opening is circular and has a diameter, wherein the swept area is circular and has a diameter, and wherein said diameter of said second opening is less than the diameter of the swept area. 3. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 2, wherein said diameter of said second opening and the diameter of the swept area are concentrically disposed relative to one another. 4. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a plurality of radially disposed stator members coupled with said body. 5. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 4, wherein said radial stator members are planar. 6. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 5, wherein said radial stator members are disposed parallel with a longitudinal axis of the wind turbine. 7. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 4, wherein said radial stator members are integrally formed with said body. 8. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 4, further comprising a cone diffuser coupled with said radial stator members. 9. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 8, wherein said cone diffuser is disposed on a longitudinal axis of the wind turbine. 10. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 4, further comprising at least one lateral stator member that is coupled to two of said radial stator members. 11. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 10, wherein said at least one lateral stator member is coupled to a midpoint of said radial stator members. 12. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 10, wherein said at least one lateral stator member is planar and parallel with a longitudinal axis of the wind turbine. 13. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 4, further comprising a plurality of lateral stator members coupled to said radial stator members, wherein said plurality of lateral stator members form a hexagon. 14. A vorticity reducing cowling in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of radially disposed stator members coupled with said body; a cone diffuser coupled with said radially disposed stator members; and a plurality of lateral stator members coupled to said radially disposed stator members. 15. A diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly comprising: a shroud including an inlet end and an outlet end; a plurality of blades rotatably disposed within said shroud, the plurality of blades providing a swept area; a diffuser coupled to said outlet end of said shroud; and a cowling coupled with said inlet end of said shroud, said cowling comprising: a body disposed upstream of said plurality of blades; said body including an inlet end defining a first opening, said first opening having a first area; and said body including an outlet end defining a second opening, said second opening having a second area that is less that said first area, wherein said second area is less than said swept area of said plurality of said blades. 16. A diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly in accordance with claim 15, further comprising a plurality of radially disposed stator members coupled with said body. 17. A diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly in accordance with claim 16, further comprising a cone diffuser coupled with said radially disposed stator members. 18. A diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly in accordance with claim 16, further comprising a plurality of lateral stator members coupled to said radially disposed stator members. 19. A diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly in accordance with claim 16, wherein a first portion of said body is disposed within said shroud, and a second portion of said body extends outwardly from said inlet end of said shroud. 20. A diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly in accordance with claim 16, wherein said shroud includes an exhaust chamber, and wherein the diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly includes means for directing a first fluid towards said plurality of blades, means for directing a second fluid around said shroud without contacting said plurality of blades, means for combining said first fluid and said second fluid in said exhaust chamber, and means for creating a vacuum in said exhaust chamber. 21. A diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly comprising: a shroud including an outlet end; a wind turbine disposed within said shroud, said wind turbine including a wind turbine housing and a plurality of blades rotatably disposed within said wind turbine housing, the plurality of blades providing a swept area; a diffuser coupled to said outlet end of said shroud; and a cowling coupled with said wind turbine assembly, said cowling comprising: a body disposed upstream of said plurality of blades; said body including an inlet end defining a first opening, said first opening having a first area; and said body including an outlet end defining a second opening, said second opening having a second area that is less that said first area, wherein said second area is less than said swept area of said plurality of said blades. 22. A diffuser augmented wind turbine assembly in accordance with claim 21, further comprising a plurality of radially disposed stator members coupled with said body. 23. A diffuser augmented
|
['F03D104']
|
claim
|
11,777,363
|
[description] FIG. 1 depicts an example cryptographic device; FIG. 2 depicts an example cryptographic device; FIG. 3 depicts an example process for employing a device driver; and FIGS. 4a-b depict an example Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) card and example Universal Serial Bus (USB) network adapters.
|
['H04L900' 'H04K100' 'H04L928']
|
detailed_description
|
12,196,331
|
[claim] 1. A mixed cellulose ester composition comprising (1) at least one acetyl group wherein the ratio of the degree of substitution of non-acetyl groups (DSNAC) to degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups (DSOH) is 10 or greater and the non-acetyl degree of substitution is from 1.1 to 1.75, and, (2) a plasticizer. 2. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 1 wherein the plasticizer is selected from at least one of the following: a phosphate plasticizer, a phthalate plasticizer, a glycolic acid ester, a citric acid ester plasticizer and a hydroxyl-functional plasticizer. 3. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer is selected from at least one of the following: triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cresyldiphenyl phosphate, octyidiphenyl phosphate, diphenylbiphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate; diethyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate and dibenzyl phthalate; butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate or methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate; and triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyltriethyl citrate, acetyl-tri-n-butyl citrate, and acetyl-tri-n-(2-ethylhexyl)citrate. 4. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer is selected from at least one of the following: esters comprising: (i) acid residues comprising one or more residues of: phthalic acid, adipic acid, trimellitic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, butyric acid, glutaric acid, citric acid or phosphoric acid; and (ii) alcohol residues comprising one or more residues of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic alcohol containing up to about 20 carbon atoms. 5. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer is selected from at least one of the following: triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cresyldiphenyl phosphate, octyidiphenyl phosphate, diphenylbiphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate; diethyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate and dibenzyl phthalate; butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate or methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate; and triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyltriethyl citrate, acetyl-tri-n-butyl citrate, and acetyl-tri-n-(2-ethylhexyl)citrate. 6. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 4 wherein the plasticizer comprises alcohol residues selected from at least one of the following: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, phenol, benzyl alcohol, hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and diethylene glycol. 7. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer comprises one or more of the following: benzoates, phthalates, phosphates, arylene-bis(diaryl phosphate), and isophthalates. 8. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer comprises an aliphatic polyester comprising C2-10 diacid residues and C2-10 diol residues. 9. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 8 wherein the diacid residues are residues of one of the following C2-10 diacids: malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, and sebacic acid. 10. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 8 wherein the diol residues are residues of one of the following C2-10 diol: ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, 1,5-pentylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. 11. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer comprises at least one of the following: Resoflex R296, Resoflex 804, sorbitol hexapropionate, xylitol pentapropionate, xylitol pentaacetate, glucose pentaacetate, glucose pentapropionate and arabitol pentapropionate. 12. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer comprises at least one of Resoflex R804 and Resoflex R296. 13. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer comprises an aliphatic polyester comprising adipic acid residues and diethylene glycol residues. 14. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 2 wherein the plasticizer comprises an aliphatic polyester comprising succinic acid residues and diethylene glycol residues. 15. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 1 wherein the plasticizer is selected from at least one of the following: comprising one or more of: A) from about 5 to about 95 weight % of a C2-C12 carbohydrate organic ester, wherein the carbohydrate comprises from about 1 to about 3 monosaccharide units; and B) from about 5 to about 95 weight % of a C2-C12 polyol ester, wherein the polyol is derived from a C5 or C6 carbohydrate; and b) from about 5 to about 95 weight % of a C2-C10 ester of cellulose having a DS of from about 0.7 to about 3.0; wherein the percentages are based on the total weight of component (A) plus component (B). 16. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 15 wherein the polyol ester does not comprise or contain a polyol acetate or polyol acetates. 17. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 15 wherein the plasticizer comprises at least one carbohydrate ester and the carbohydrate portion of the carbohydrate ester is derived from one or more of glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, fructose, sorbose, sucrose, cellobiose, cellotriose and raffinose. 18. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 15 wherein the plasticizer comprises at least one carbohydrate ester and the carbohydrate portion of the carbohydrate ester comprises one or more of α-glucose pentaacetate, β-glucose pentaacetate, α-glucose pentapropionate, β-glucose pentapropionate, α-glucose pentabutyrate and β-glucose pentabutyrate. 19. The mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 15 wherein the plasticizer comprises at least one carbohydrate ester and the carbohydrate portion of the carbohydrate ester comprises an α-anomer, a β-anomer or a mixture thereof. 20. A film comprising a mixed cellulose ester composition comprising (1) at least one acetyl group wherein the ratio of the degree of substitution of non-acetyl groups (DSNAC) to degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups (DSOH) is 10 or greater and the non-acetyl degree of substitution is from 1.1 to 1.75, and, (2) a plasticizer. 21. A film comprising the mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 20 wherein the plasticizer is selected from at least one of the following: a phosphate plasticizer, a phthalate plasticizer, a glycolic acid ester, a citric acid ester plasticizer and a hydroxyl-functional plasticizer. 22. A film comprising the mixed cellulose ester composition of claim 21 wherein the plasticizer is selected
|
['C09K300']
|
claim
|
12,255,080
|
[description] A DFB fiber laser configuration according to an embodiment of the invention is shown by way of example in FIGS. 1A and 1B. It consists, for example, of a length of single-mode, photosensitive erbium doped fiber (EDF) 10 within which a Bragg grating is formed. The distributed feedback structure is typically but not limited to a λ/4 configuration, formed with a single π phase-shift 20 in the grating. The phase shift is typically but not limited to placement in the center of the grating. The grating is formed, for example, by scanning a UV beam (e.g., 244 nm) across a phase-mask. Each end of the doped fiber is spliced to a passive fiber 30 (e.g., SMF-28™) at a splice location 40 and the erbium is pumped with a semiconductor laser at 980 nm. Laser emission wavelength is determined primarily by the pitch of the grating, Λ, according to the Bragg condition, λB=2nΛ, where n is the effective index of the optical fiber and can be set to within the erbium window (e.g., 1525-1560 mn). Slope efficiencies measured as the ratio of emission power to input pump power are typically less than 1% dependant on the gain characteristics of the erbium fiber and the grating properties. See, e.g., Foster S, 2004. Spatial mode structure of the distributed feedback fiber laser.
|
['G01R3302']
|
detailed_description
|
12,624,782
|
[claim] 1. Helmet comprising at least one movable visor and a shell to protect the head of the wearer, wherein the visor is attached to a support connected to the outer surface of the shell by a rotary mechanism making it possible to move the visor around the shell, the rotary mechanism consisting of a single mechanical connection positioned substantially at the top of the shell. 2. Helmet according to claim 1, wherein the rotary mechanism is designed so that its axis of rotation passes through a point substantially positioned in the centre of the shell and the said axis is also offset at an angle relative to the vertical axis passing through the same point. 3. Helmet according to claim 2, wherein the rotary mechanism makes it possible to move the support of the visor between two positions, a first position of use of the visor for which the visor is positioned at the front face of the helmet and a second position for stowing the visor for which the visor is positioned at the rear of the helmet 4. Helmet according to claim 3, wherein in order to move the visor between the position of use and the position of stowage, the visor moves along the lateral portions of the helmet. 5. Helmet according to claim 4, wherein the visor is moved in a rotary movement through approximately 180°. 6. Helmet according to claim 5, comprising a mechanical means for protecting the visor when the said visor is in the stowage position. 7. Helmet according to claim 2, wherein the said angle of offset is approximately 30°. 8. Helmet according to claim 1, the support of the visor is also a means for gripping the visor and for moving the said visor. 9. Helmet according to claim 8, comprising at least one mechanical branch connecting the visor to the rotary mechanism. 10. Helmet according to claim 9, wherein the support of the visor consists of a central mechanical branch connected to the centre of the top longitudinal portion of the visor and of two lateral mechanical branches connected to the lateral portions of the top longitudinal portion of the visor. 11. Helmet according to claim 5 comprising a mean for holding the support of the visor in the first and in the second position.
|
['A42B322']
|
claim
|
11,920,939
|
[invention] The growth in optical communications has been fueled by the extraordinary bandwidth that is available on optical fiber. Such bandwidth enables, among other things, relatively low-cost transmission of millions of telephone conversations and television channels over hair-thin optical fibers that are now commonplace in many places around the globe. However, the high bandwidth of optical cables alone cannot satisfy some very simple needs that are easily handled by electrical cables. For example, electrical cables are the most practical way to provide power. They also provide a simple means for transferring data, interfacing with the existing communications infrastructure (e.g., non-optical telephone equipment) or carrying signal information regarding a cable, such as a patch cord identity or a safety signal for cutting off transmissions through the cable when it is unplugged. Consequently, hybrid (i.e., optical/electrical) cables have been designed to combine the advantages of electrical conductors and optical fibers. Known hybrid cables have at least one electrical conductor included in a single cable with one or more optical fibers. To connect these hybrid cables, either separate optical and electrical connectors are used, or alternatively, specially designed hybrid (i.e., optical/electrical) connectors are used. Communications cables are usually interconnected at patch panels. Patch panels are commonly used to interconnect specific customers and equipment (e.g., phones, telecommunication switches, etc.) to other specific customers and equipment, and it is imperative that the interconnections be made accurately and reliably. Space is at a premium in such patch panels and an optical/electrical connector arrangement having a small footprint (i.e., cross-section area) is desirable, as is the ability to easily insert and remove closely spaced connectors in the patch panel. Also, industry standard connector footprints are becoming increasingly popular because they facilitate greater interoperability. Thus, it is also desirable for an optical/electrical connector arrangement to have an industry standard footprint. Some known hybrid connectors, such as the one disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,588,938 to Lampert et al., include both optical and electrical connectors formed integrally in a single housing. However, these hybrid connectors have non-standard footprints and do not conform to industry standards for connector cross sections. Also, these hybrid connectors have relatively complicated designs and structures that are not as cost effective as they could be from a manufacturing perspective. In view of the foregoing, there is a need for an improved hybrid connector that has a relatively small and/or industry standard cross-section area, a reduced number of parts and simplified design for improving manufacturability, and the ability to easily install or remove from a densely packed patch panel.
|
['G02B638']
|
background
|
11,701,147
|
[summary] In accordance with the present invention, the foregoing objects and advantages have been readily attained. According to the invention, a terminal pin is provided which comprises a substantially elongate pin body having a longitudinal axis and a terminal head, the terminal head having an opening for receiving a wire, the opening extending substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis. In further accordance with the invention, a method is provided for connecting a pin and a wire, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing a terminal pin comprising a substantially elongate pin body having a longitudinal axis and a terminal head, the terminal head having an opening for receiving a wire, the opening extending substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis; positioning a wire in the opening; and crimping the terminal head of the pin so as to secure the wire in the opening. The opening can advantageously be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pin. Further, the terminal end can advantageously have a concave surface which advantageously acts as a crimping surface whereby application of a force to the concave surface crimps a wire within the opening.
|
['H01R410']
|
summary
|
11,217,721
|
[summary] Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention covers a method for monitoring operations of a mobile telecommunications network, which includes a multiplicity of different types of communications links for conveying communications data between end users, with each different type of communications link having a separate respective signaling information protocol, comprising the steps of: recording signaling information from each communications link in a database during routing of communications data through the telecommunications system; and generating a database report from recorded signaling information including end-to-end call statistics covering the communications links between end users and a count of successful and non successful calls by call type. The step of recording may include the step of grouping the signaling information for circuit switched protocols and wireless communications link protocols in separate relational databases. The step of generating a database report may include the step of producing a count of communications link attachments and detachments made. The step of generating a database report may include the step of producing a count of unanswered paging requests. The step of generating a database report may include the step of calculating system key performance indicators from the recorded signaling information. The step of generating a database report may include the step of identifying a root cause of failure for unsuccessful calls from the recorded signaling information. The step of generating a database report may include the step of calculating statistics from identified root causes of failure. The step of generating a database report may include counting failed calls that have a telecommunications system failure reason as well as a non-telecommunications system failure reason. The step of calculating statistics from identified root causes of failure may separate types of calls which may include circuit switched voice calls, circuit switched data calls, packet switched calls, short message service calls, and multimedia message service calls. Another embodiment of the present invention covers a telecommunications system adapted to monitor routing of communications including data and corresponding signaling information, between end users, comprising: a mobile telecommunications network having a multiplicity of different types of communications links interconnected between different types of nodes, wherein each different type of communications link has a separate respective signaling protocol for conveying the communications data between the nodes; a database adapted for recording signaling information from each communications link during the routing of communications through the telecommunications system; and a database report generated from recorded signaling information and adapted to provide end-to-end call statistics covering all communications links between end users and including a count of successful and non successful calls by call type. The database report may include a count of communications link attachments and detachments made. The database report may include a count of unanswered paging requests. The database report may include a count of calls attempted. The database report may be adapted to calculate system performance from the recorded signaling information. The database report may be adapted to identify the root cause of failure for unsuccessful calls from the recorded signaling information. The database report may be adapted to calculate statistics from identified root causes of failure. The system performance may be calculated respective of call type relative to all protocol layers. The system may further comprise a root cause of failure database report covering all communications links between end users and indicating the root cause of failure over all signaling protocols. The root cause of failure report may separate types of calls which may include circuit switched voice calls, circuit switched data calls, packet switched calls, short message service calls, and multimedia message service calls. The root cause of failure report may indicate numbers of calls failing due to a user being unknown in an HLR or due to radio link failure. The root cause of failure report may be adapted to calculate key performance indicators as defined by telecommunications industry standards.
|
['H04M1100']
|
summary
|
11,146,785
|
[invention] Composite materials are increasingly used as substitutes for conventional materials such as aluminum and steel alloys in various structural components due to the generally high strength-to-weight ratio inherent in composite materials. Composite materials may generally be comprised of a network of reinforcing fibers that are generally applied in layers, and a polymeric resin that substantially wets the reinforcing fibers to form an intimate contact between the resin and the reinforcing fibers. Composite materials exhibit modes of failure that are distinct from failure modes present in conventional materials. In particular, the material may deteriorate due to mechanical fatigue and/or environmental exposure so that the various layers in the composite material debond, forming delaminated regions within the material. In addition, the material may develop cracks and or other defects. In either case, the defect may not be detected by a visual inspection of the material. Accordingly, various non-invasive methods are available that may be used to locate defects in the composite material. For example, in one commonly used method, a surface of the composite material is lightly and repeatedly tapped with a percussive device during the inspection, and the resulting sound is noted. If the sound resulting from the surface tapping has a relatively sharp report, the area is assumed to be generally free from internal defects. Correspondingly, if the resulting sound has a relatively hollow-sounding report, an internal defect may exist within the material at the location exhibiting the characteristic report. Although the foregoing method is simple to implement, and is suitable for a field inspection of the composite material, it relies on the subjective interpretation of sounds returned from the material, and may therefore be somewhat unreliable. In another related method, a small acoustic transducer is moved across the surface of the composite material so that an acoustic signal is projected into the material. Acoustic waves that are reflected from internal structures in the composite material are then processed to determine if internal structural anomalies exist. Although the subjectivity of the inspector is removed, the method requires a relatively sophisticated apparatus that may not be available for field use. In another known method, a surface portion of the composite material is heated using a flash discharge lamp. After a predetermined delay period, the surface portion is imaged using an infrared camera to determine if an internal defect is present. The surface temperature decay during the delay period may then be used to infer the presence of an internal defect since debonding and/or delaminations generally cause localized and identifiable changes in the thermal conductivity of the material. The foregoing methods generally require the availability of electrical power and therefore may be difficult to use in a field environment. Other drawbacks may also preclude the use of the foregoing methods in a field environment. For example, the use of flash lamps to provide a thermal heat input to the composite panel may not be possible in certain field environments. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for systems and methods for the thermographic inspection of composite materials that avoid the foregoing limitations.
|
['G01N1700' 'G01J500']
|
background
|
12,092,738
|
Methods and Devices for Providing Flexible Electronics [SEP] [abstract] Methods and devices for providing flexible electronics are described. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a conductive ink is applied to a nonwoven substrate. More particularly, the exemplary embodiment provides a nonwoven substrate with a general depth in the z-direction and a conductive ink carried by the nonwoven substrate on the surface of the substrate and at least partially but no more than 50% within the nonwoven substrate in the z-direction.
|
['B32B300' 'B32B3814']
|
abstract
|
11,209,855
|
[summary] The present invention has been made of the above circumstances and provides an image forming apparatus and an image forming method. A first aspect of the invention provides an image forming apparatus that conveys a long belt-like recording sheet on a conveyance path and forms an image on the recording sheet when the recording sheet passes through an image forming section, the image forming apparatus comprising: a recording medium drive component that is disposed downstream of the image forming section in a conveyance direction on the conveyance path and conveys the recording medium; a tension imparting component that is disposed upstream of the image forming section in the conveyance direction on the conveyance path and imparts tension to the recording medium; and a control unit which, when a printing operation for forming an image is started, drives the tension imparting component to impart tension to the recording medium between the recording medium drive component and the tension imparting component, and starts the recording medium conveyance operation. A second aspect of the invention provides a method of forming an image on a long band-like sheet-like recording medium using an image forming apparatus, the image forming apparatus including an image forming section that forms an image on the recording medium, a recording medium drive component that is disposed downstream of the image forming section and conveys the recording medium, a tension imparting component that is disposed upstream of the image forming section and imparts tension to the recording medium, the image forming method comprising: a tension imparting step to impart tension to the recording medium between the recording medium drive component and the tension imparting component by the tension imparting component when the image forming section starts forming the image on the recording medium; conveying step to convey the recording medium.
|
['G03G1500']
|
summary
|
11,697,798
|
[invention] 1. Technical Field The present invention relates generally to technology migration for integrated circuits (ICs), and more particularly, to a method, system and program product for technology migration for an IC with radical design restrictions. 2. Related Art Design migration is an essential process to achieve maximum layout productivity in very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuit designs. Conventional graph-based compaction techniques were developed to translate a symbolic layout to a physical layout based on simplistic edge-based ground rules. These techniques have also been used to solve the design migration problem. More recently, a minimum layout perturbation formulation of the design migration problem results in a method that preserves the integrity of the source layout. While existing design migration software continues to be fine tuned, its functionality has become relatively mature. However, as technology is progressing into the sub-wavelength regime, new layout challenges have emerged in the form of groupings of fundamental design restrictions, which is sometimes referred to in the art as “radical design restrictions” (hereinafter “RDR”). RDR is proposed to better enable alternating phase shifted mask designs and control line-width on the polysilicon-conductor level in ultra-deep submicron technologies. RDR requires, for example, a limited number of narrow line widths, a single orientation of narrow features, narrow features placed on a uniform and coarse pitch, a uniform proximity environment for all critical gates and a limited number of pitches for critical gates. This regular design style presents a new challenge to the design migration solution, and demands new functionalities in the existing design migration software. In view of the foregoing, there is a need in the art to address the problems of the related art.
|
['G06F1750' 'G06F9455']
|
background
|
12,559,078
|
[description] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the following figures, wherein: FIG. 1 is a view showing a schematic structure of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a main part of an image forming unit; FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a photosensitive member rotation driving device; FIG. 4 is a front view showing a coupling member of the photosensitive member rotation driving device; FIG. 5 is a front view showing an inside of a coupling side case as seen from the rear; FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the A-A line in FIG. 3; FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing a connecting portion; FIG. 8 is a front view showing a fourth gear; FIG. 9 is a front view showing the coupling member illustrated in FIG. 3 as seen from the case side; FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the B - B line in FIG. 3, illustrating a state in which a shaft misalignment between the fourth gear and a coupling portion has not occurred; FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along the B - B line in FIG. 3, illustrating a state in which a shaft misalignment between the fourth gear and the coupling portion has occurred; and FIG. 12 is a chart showing measurements of register misalignment of the embodiment and a comparative example.
|
['G03G1500']
|
detailed_description
|
11,031,593
|
[claim] 1. A bicycle brake shoe comprising an attachment portion coupled to a bicycle brake shoe holder and a rim contacting portion fixedly coupled said attachment portion, said bicycle brake shoe coupled to a bicycle braking device, said bicycle brake shoe being elongated in a rotation direction of a wheel rim; wherein said bicycle brake shoe is formed from a polymer that is obtained by cross-linking Styrene butadiene rubber with peroxide of adhesive, and said polymer is further added with predetermined superaddition, so that said bicycle brake shoe does not excessively wear the rim while maintaining good performance in wet conditions. 2. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the superaddition is Stearic Acid. 3. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the superaddition is Zinc Stearate. 4. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the superaddition is Wax. 5. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the superaddition is ZnO. 6. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the superaddition is Barium Sulfate. 7. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the superaddition is Calcium Stearate. 8. A bicycle brake shoe comprising an attachment portion coupled to a bicycle brake shoe holder and a rim contacting portion fixedly coupled said attachment portion, said bicycle brake shoe coupled to a bicycle braking device, said bicycle brake shoe being elongated in a rotation direction of a wheel rim; wherein said bicycle brake shoe is formed from a polymer that is obtained by cross-linking Styrene butadiene rubber with sulfur, and said polymer is further added with superaddition, so that said bicycle brake shoe does not excessively wear the rim while maintaining good performance in wet conditions. 9. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the superaddition is Stearic Acid. 10. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the superaddition is Zinc Stearate. 11. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the superaddition is Wax. 12. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the superaddition is ZnO. 13. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the superaddition is Barium Sulfate. 14. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the superaddition is Calcium Stearate. 15. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the attachment portion and the rim contacting portion are integrally formed as a one-piece, unitary member. 16. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the attachment portion and the rim contacting portion are integrally formed as a one-piece, unitary member. 17. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the attachment portion and the rim contacting portion are formed of separate pieces that are integrally attached together by adhesive, and one end of a center post is embedded in the bicycle brake shoe during molding process of the bicycle brake shoe. 18. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the attachment portion and the rim contacting portion are formed of separate pieces that are integrally attached together by adhesive, and one end of a center post is embedded in the bicycle brake shoe during molding process of the bicycle brake shoe. 19. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the attachment portion and the rim contacting portion are integrally formed as a one-piece, unitary member, and the attachment portion is disposed in a metal housing, to a rear end of the housing is connected a center post, and then the bicycle brake shoe is coupled to a brake arms by the center post and a nut. 20. The bicycle brake shoe as claimed in claim 8, wherein the attachment portion and the rim contacting portion are integrally formed as a one-piece, unitary member, and the attachment portion is disposed in a metal housing, to a rear end of the housing is connected a center post, and then the bicycle brake shoe is coupled to a brake arms by the center post and a nut.
|
['B62L102']
|
claim
|
11,218,414
|
[invention] 1. Field of Invention The present invention relates to an illumination system, and more particularly to a sign panel arrangement which is capable of generating planar light effect at each sign panel in a predetermined sequence so as to create a three-dimensional multi-layering illumination. 2. Description of Related Arts Conventional illuminating signs have widely been utilized all over the world. There are basically two kinds of illuminating signs, viz. fluorescent lamps and LEDs signs panel. The former category of illuminating signs consumes a lot of energy, produces enormous amount of heat during operation so that it may not be suitable for certain users, and generally not durable when compared with LEDs signal panel. Moreover, fluorescent lamps are generally inflexible in that they may only be observed from a particular direction. One way of mitigating this difficulty is to utilize a light box having two opposed sign panels, wherein a plurality of fluorescent lamps are mounted within the light box so that the user may display two different patterns at the two sign panels respectively. However, the patterns displayed on this light box are usually inflexible in the sense that the patterns are usually standstill without any dynamic feature. With regards to LEDs sign panels, they consume less energy, durable, and do not produce enormous amount of heat during operation. Another advantage of LEDs sign panels is that they are easily controlled by electronics components so that the patterns which they produce are generally more flexible and dynamic. Despite its advantages, there exists a deep-seated problem of LEDs sign panel that the light intensity of LEDs is usually not strong enough so that handfuls of inventions have been developed in order to accumulate or reflect LEDs illumination to become a coherent and intense light source for use in displaying say, advertisement patterns. As a result, once LEDs illumination needs accumulatively reflecting, their applications are inevitably limited and become inflexible. For example, a sign panel may adopt a particular geometrical structure or shape so that the light illuminating from LEDs can be accumulatively reflected to produce a particular light effect. A particular application of LEDs sign panel is to produce a flashing and dynamic pattern with different colors. One may utilize a plurality of LEDs which generate different colors and strategically positioned at predetermined points in the sign panel, wherein the LEDs may be controlled by sophisticated electrical circuits for controlling the order and the frequency of the operation of each of the LEDs in order to produce the particular light effect. The problem then, is that the LEDs sign panel is complicated in geometrical structure and electrical connection between the LEDs. Moreover, for a particular pattern, one may not change the geometry of the sign panel because one may need a particular geometrical structure for effectively carrying out accumulative reflection within the sign panel. As a result, because of the inherent disadvantage of LEDs, namely, inadequate light intensity, their applications are severely limited. Another problem with this complicated geometry and electrical connections between LEDs is that the manufacturing cost as well as the ultimate selling price of this kind of LEDs sign panel would be very high. To conclude therefore, the advantages of LEDs are severely balanced, if not altogether outweighed, by their disadvantage, so that breakthrough in this area of technology is needed. Last but not least, even though one may overcome or tolerate the problem of complicated geometrical structure as well as electrical connections, there is one effect which LEDs can not generally achieve, namely, to produce an illumination pattern having three-dimensional illumination effect. As a matter of fact, virtually all LEDs sign panel is planar in structure so that what the LEDs produce is essentially a two-dimensional pattern, albeit one may view the pattern from different angles. Previous efforts have not been addressed to resolve of this disadvantage.
|
['G09F1318']
|
background
|
12,414,612
|
System and Method for Operating a GPS Device in a Micro Power Mode [SEP] [abstract] A wireless device including a transceiver that utilizes a power supply is described. The wireless device includes a Global Positioning System (“GPS”) section having a plurality of GPS subsystems and a power controller in signal communication with the power supply and GPS section, wherein the power controller is configured to selectively power each GPS subsystem from the plurality of GPS subsystems.
|
['G01S100']
|
abstract
|
11,671,493
|
[summary] A metal forming apparatus includes a forming tool having a first portion defining a forming surface and a second portion defining a gas pressure chamber. A plurality of fins are in conductive beat transfer relationship with the forming tool. The metal forming apparatus enables rapid heat loss to the surrounding environment because the fins provide increased surface area for heat transfer to a cooling fluid such as air. Thus, the metal forming apparatus reduces the amount of time required to cool the tool from its operating temperature to a temperature at which tool maintenance can be performed compared to the prior art. Accordingly, the metal forming apparatus enables increased tool productivity compared to the prior art by significantly reducing the amount of time required to perform tool maintenance. The metal forming apparatus may also enable two modes of tool operation, namely a rapid cooling mode for use when preparing the tool for maintenance, and a thermally efficient mode for use during metal forming operation. The rapid cooling mode is achieved when the fins are exposed to the cooling fluid for convective heat transfer to the surrounding environment. The thermally efficient mode is achieved when the effect of the fins is minimized or negated by restricting flow of the cooling fluid currents across the fins. In an exemplary embodiment, a member is mountable with respect to the tool to at least partially enclose the fins, thereby minimizing the effect of the fins by restricting the flow of the cooling fluid to the fins. Accordingly, the member acts to inhibit convective heat transfer and therefore provides a higher thermal efficiency for efficient metal forming operation. Preferably, the member comprises an insulating material to further reduce heat transfer from the fins and from the forming tool, thereby further enhancing the thermal efficiency of the tool. A corresponding method is also provided. The method includes providing a metal forming tool having a plurality of fins operatively connected thereto, providing a restriction to fluid flow to or from the fins, and heating the forming tool. The method further includes, subsequent to heating the forming tool, removing the restriction to fluid flow to or from the fins. The above features and advantages, and other features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
|
['B21D3716']
|
summary
|
12,028,209
|
Polycyclo Dyes and Use Thereof [SEP] [abstract] The invention relates to a family of fluorescent compounds that comprise a bridged polycyclo moiety. The compounds can be chemically linked to biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and therapeutic small molecules. The compounds can be used for imaging in a variety of medical, biological and diagnostic applications, and are particularly useful for the in vivo imaging of regions of interest within a mammal.
|
['A61B500' 'C07D40114']
|
abstract
|
12,053,462
|
[description] Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which, like references may indicate similar elements: FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment of a digital system within a network; within the digital system is a processor. FIG. 2 depicts an embodiment of an embedded test suite for testing application programs and operating systems. FIG. 3 depicts another embodiment of an embedded test suite for testing application programs and operating systems. FIG. 4. depicts a flowchart of an embodiment for installed or upgraded programs and programs that interact with them.
|
['G06F9445' 'G06F1100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,121,651
|
Systems and methods for reducing harmonics produced by oscillators [SEP] [abstract] Systems and methods for reducing the harmonic content of an oscillator are provided. More specifically, waveforms with reduced harmonics are provided, as are waveform generators for producing such waveforms. Such waveform generators can be used in or with a laser driver. However, the present invention is not meant to be limited to use with laser drivers. Rather, embodiments of the present invention are useful anywhere where harmonics resulting from an oscillating waveform need to be reduced.
|
['H01S300']
|
abstract
|
11,076,209
|
[summary] An embodiment of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention is an image forming apparatus comprising: a reading unit which reads a document image to output image information; a memory unit which stores the image information read by the reading unit in a storage area; a computing unit which computes a density histogram of the image information from the reading unit; an image processing unit which performs density adjustment to the image information read from the memory unit according to the density histogram computed by the computing unit, and outputs the image information; an image forming unit which forms an image based on the image information to which the image processing unit has performed the density adjustment; and a control unit which controls the reading unit, the memory unit, the computing unit, the image processing unit, and the image forming unit such that the reading unit reads the image information of the document only once, the computing unit receives the image information to compute the density histogram during an interval in which the image information is stored in the memory unit, the memory unit reads the image information to supply the image information to the image processing unit, the image processing unit performs the density adjustment to the read image information according to the density histogram and outputs the image information, and the image forming unit forms the image to which the density adjustment has been performed according to the density histogram of the document image by one-time image reading of the reading unit.
|
['G06F1500']
|
summary
|
11,724,294
|
[summary] It is an object of the invention, at least in preferred embodiments, to provide a method for separating polymer molecules on the basis of their size. It is another object of the invention, at least in preferred embodiments, to provide a method for sequencing DNA. In one aspect the invention provides a method for separation of polymer molecules in solution according to their relative size, each polymer molecule comprising an end-label at or near one or both ends thereof, the method comprising the steps of: (1) subjecting the polymer molecules in solution to electrophoresis; (2) subjecting the polymer molecules in solution during electrophoresis to an electroosmostic flow, such that the polymer molecules migrate in the solution at different rates, and optionally in different directions, according to their mobility in the solution. Preferably, in step (2) the speed of electroosmotic flow is about equal to a speed of unlabelled DNA subjected to the electrophoresis of step (1). In an alterative aspect, in step (2) the speed of electroosmotic flow is preferably less than a speed of unlabelled DNA subjected to the electrophoresis of step (1). Preferably, at least some of the polymer molecules migrate in opposite directions according to a relative force upon them caused by said electrophoresis and said electroosmostic flow. Preferably, said solution is retained in a capillary tube. More preferably, the capillary tube comprises an internal wall that is uniformly charged, and wherein the solution at both ends of the capillary tube is at about the same pressure. Preferably, in step (2) the electroosmotic flow is constant and causes a countercurrent to a mobility of at least some of the polymer molecules during electrophoresis. Preferably, the polymer molecules are separated with a polymer unit resolution S m calculated according to equation (8): S m ( M c , μ ~ EOF ) ≡ FWHM t ∂ t ∂ M c ( 8 ) wherein the components of equation 8 are herein defined. Preferably, the polymer molecules are polynucleotides. More preferably, the polynucleotides are separated with a resolution of one nucleotide or less. More preferably, the polynucleotides are derived from sequencing reactions for a DNA, the method further comprising a step of: (3) deducing a nucleotide in said DNA corresponding to each polymer molecule, so as to deduce a sequence of the DNA. In another aspect, the present invention provides for an apparatus for separation of polymer molecules in solution according to their relative size, each polymer molecule comprising an end-label at one or both ends thereof, the apparatus comprising: (1) electrophoresis means for subjecting the polymer molecules in the solution to electrophoresis; (2) electroosmostic flow means for subjecting the polymer molecules in the solution during electrophoresis to an electroosmostic flow; whereupon subjecting the polymer molecules to simultaneous electrophoresis and electroosmotic flow, the polymer molecules migrating in the solution at different rates, and optionally in different directions, according to their mobility in the solution. In another aspect the invention provides for a method for sequencing a section of a DNA molecule, the method comprising the steps of: (a) synthesizing a first plurality of ssDNA molecules each comprising a sequence identical to at least a portion at or near the 5′ end of said section of DNA, said ssDNA molecules having substantially identical 5′ ends but having variable lengths, the length of each ssDNA molecule corresponding to a specific adenine base in said section of DNA; (b) synthesizing a second plurality of ssDNA molecules each comprising a sequence identical to at least a portion at or near the 5′ end of said section of DNA, said ssDNA molecules having substantially identical 5′ ends but having variable lengths, the length of each ssDNA molecule corresponding to a specific cytosine base in said section of DNA; (c) synthesizing a third plurality of ssDNA molecules each comprising a sequence identical to at least a portion at or near the 5′ end of said section of DNA, said ssDNA molecules having substantially identical 5′ ends but having variable lengths, the length of each ssDNA molecule corresponding to a specific guanine base in said section of DNA; (d) synthesizing a fourth plurality of ssDNA molecules each comprising a sequence identical to at least a portion at or near the 5′ end of said section of DNA, said ssDNA molecules having substantially identical 5′ ends but having variable lengths, the length of each ssDNA molecule corresponding to a specific thymine base in said section of DNA; (e) attaching a chemical moiety to at least one end nucleotide at or near at least one end of said ssDNA molecules to generate end-labeled ssDNAs; and (f) subjecting each plurality of ssDNA molecules to free-solution electrophoresis; (g) subjecting the polymer molecules in solution during electrophoresis to an electroosmostic flow such that the polymer molecules migrate in the solution at different rates, and optionally in different directions, according to their mobility in the solution; (h) identifying the nucleotide sequence of the section of DNA in accordance with the relative electrophoretic mobilities of the end labeled ssDNAs in each plurality of ssDNAs; wherein any of steps (a), (b), (c), and (d) may be performed in any order or simultaneously; whereby each end label imparts increased hydrodynamic friction to at least one end of each end-labeled ssDNA thereby to facilitate separation of the end-labeled ssDNAs according to their electrophoretic mobility. Preferably, the end labels are uncharged chemical moieties. Preferably, the end labels are selected from among polypeptides and polypeptoids. More preferably, the end labels are selected from the group consisting of Streptavidin, or a derivative thereof, N-methoxyethylglycine (NMEG)-based polymers comprising up to 300 preferably 100 monomer units, and a molecule consisting of a poly(NMEG) backbone optionally grafted with oligo(NMEG) branches. Preferably, the section of DNA comprises less than 2000 nucleotides. More preferably, the section of DNA comprises less than 500 nucleotides. Most preferably, the section of DNA comprises less than 100 nucleotides. In another aspect the invention provides an apparatus for sequencing a DNA molecule by carrying out at
|
['C07K126' 'G01N2700']
|
summary
|
11,808,841
|
[claim] 4. A compressor comprising a driving element stored in a sealed container, and a compression element driven by a rotary shaft of the driving element, the compression element comprising: a cylinder in which a compression space is constituted; a suction port and a discharge port which communicate with the compression space in the cylinder; a compression member whose one surface crossing an axial direction of the rotary shaft is inclined continuously between a top dead center and a bottom dead center and which is rotatably disposed in the cylinder and which compresses a fluid sucked from the suction port to discharge the fluid from the discharge port; and a vane which is disposed between the suction port and the discharge port to abut on one surface of the compression member and which partitions the compression space in the cylinder into a low pressure chamber and a high pressure chamber, wherein one surface of the compression member is disposed on a side opposite to the driving element. 5. The compressor according to claim 4, further comprising: a pipe which extends from the discharge port onto an oil surface of the oil reservoir in the bottom part of the sealed container.
|
['F01C100']
|
claim
|
12,391,783
|
[claim] 1. A memory module comprising: a memory area; a buffer circuit performing data read and write operations on said memory area; and first and second ports electrically connected to said buffer circuit, said buffer circuit operating in a first mode to allow one of the first and second ports to be input to said memory module to receive data to be written into said memory area at one of said first and second ports and the other of the first and second ports data to be output from said memory module to produce data read out from said memory area send at the other of said first and second ports, said buffer circuit further operating in a second mode to allow at least one of said first and second ports to receive data written into said memory area to be input to said memory module to receive at either one of said first and second ports and the one of said first and second ports to produce data read out from said memory area to be output from said memory module to send at either one of said first and second ports. 2. The memory module according to claim 1, further comprising a control port electrically connected to said buffer circuit, said buffer circuit operating in said first mode when said control port is supplied with first information and in said second mode when said control port is supplied with second information. 3. A memory system comprising: a plurality of memory modules each provided with a memory area storing data; a control device performing data read and write operations on each of said memory modules; and a bus interconnecting said memory modules in series to one another, said control device having a first terminal electrically connected to one end of said bus and a second terminal electrically connected to the other end of said bus, said control device operating in a first mode to perform the data read and write operations on each of the memory modules by transferring data onto said bus through one of said first and second terminals and receiving data from said bus through the other of said first and second terminals, said control device further operating in a second mode to perform the data read and write operations on each of the memory modules by transferring and receiving data onto and from said bus through either one of said first and second terminals. 4. The memory system according to claim 3, further comprising a CPU which is electrically connected to said control device, and controls said control device for access operation to said memory modules. 5. The memory system according to claim 3, wherein said control device operates in said first mode when all of the memory modules are in service and in said second mode when at least one of the memory modules is out of service.
|
['G06F1202']
|
claim
|
11,313,065
|
[summary] A diplexer includes a diplexer housing having transmit and receive waveguide channels formed therein. A cover is received on the diplexer housing over the transmit and receive waveguide channels. A septum is inserted between the diplexer housing and cover and configured to provide isolation between any transmitter and receiver signals and a desired frequency band of operation. In yet another aspect of the present invention, the transmit and receive waveguide channels can each be serpentine configured. The diplexer housing can include opposing sides and the respective transmit and the receive waveguide channels are formed on the opposing sides. An end cover can be received over each opposing side. Each end cover can have a respective waveguide channel engaging the respective waveguide channel within the housing. A common waveguide port can interconnect the transmit and receive waveguide channels. In yet another aspect of the present invention, the septum can be formed by forming resonators within the septum for imparting a desired frequency band of operation and isolation between transmitter and receiver signals. In yet another aspect, the waveguide channels can be formed as multiple segments, each representing “n” number of poles. The diplexer housing can be formed as a base plate and the cover can include transmit and receive waveguide ports formed therein and operative with the transmit and receive waveguide channels.
|
['H01P1213']
|
summary
|
11,088,389
|
[claim] 1. A method for providing QoS in a network after a network failure, the network comprising at least one primary tunnel and at least one backup tunnel protecting a segment of said primary tunnel, the method comprising: receiving notification of a failure within said primary tunnel segment; rerouting received packets onto the backup tunnel; and marking said rerouted packets to identify packets affected by the failure; whereby said rerouted packets are subject to a different QoS policy than packets that have not been rerouted due to the failure. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said QoS policy applied to said rerouted packets is configured such that: if there is no congestion following the failure, said rerouted packets are transmitted in the same manner as the packets that have not been rerouted; and if congestion occurs said rerouted packets have a lower priority than the packets that have not been rerouted. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said primary and backup tunnels are MPLS tunnels. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving packets comprises receiving voice packets. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein there is no QoS degradation for the non-rerouted packets whether or not congestion occurs. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said QoS policy applied to the rerouted packets comprises dropping at least a portion of the rerouted packets if congestion occurs. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein a policing rate for the rerouted packets is the difference between a configured maximum acceptable rate for a queue and a rate consumed by traffic not affected by the failure. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein marking said rerouted packets comprises marking an EXP field in one or more MPLS label stack entries of the packets. 9. A method for providing QoS in a network after a network failure, the method comprising: creating a primary tunnel; establishing a backup tunnel protecting a segment of said primary tunnel; forwarding packets assigned to said primary tunnel via said backup tunnel in response to failure of said primary tunnel segment; identifying packets affected by the failure as demoted packets; and applying to said demoted packets a different QoS policy than applied to packets that have not been rerouted due to the failure. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein said QoS policy applied to said demoted packets is configured such that: if there is no congestion following the failure, said demoted packets are transmitted in the same manner as the packets that have not been rerouted; and if congestion occurs at least some of said rerouted packets are dropped, while the packets that have not been rerouted are protected. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein receiving packets comprises receiving voice packets. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein forwarding packets comprises utilizing Fast Reroute. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein the primary tunnel and the backup tunnel are in a MPLS network. 14. The method of claim 9 wherein applying said QoS policy to the demoted packets comprises enforcing said QoS policy such that the non-rerouted packets have priority over the demoted packets. 15. The method of claim 9 wherein marking said rerouted packets comprises marking an EXP field in one or more MPLS label stack entries of the packets. 16. A computer program product for providing QoS in a network after a network failure, the computer program product comprising: code that creates a primary tunnel; code that establishes a backup tunnel protecting a segment of said primary tunnel; code that forwards packets assigned to said primary tunnel via said backup tunnel in response to failure of said primary tunnel segment; code that identifies packets affected by the failure as demoted packets; code that applies to said demoted packets a different QoS policy than applied to packets that have not been rerouted due to the failure; and a computer-readable medium that holds the codes. 17. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein said QoS policy applied to said demoted packets is configured such that: if there is no congestion following the failure, said demoted packets are transmitted in the same manner as the packets that have not been rerouted; and if congestion occurs at least some of said demoted packets are dropped, while the packets that have not been rerouted are protected. 18. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein code that applies said QoS policy to said demoted packets comprises code that enforces said QoS policy such that the non-rerouted packets have priority over the demoted packets. 19. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein code that identifies packets affected by the failure comprises code that marks an EXP field in one or more MPLS label stack entries of the packets. 20. A system for identifying packets rerouted following a failure in a network, the system comprising: a network element located in a path of a primary tunnel in the network and a backup tunnel protecting a segment of said primary tunnel, the network element operable to receive notification of a failure within said primary tunnel and route packets received from said primary tunnel to said backup tunnel, and comprising a demotion apparatus configured to mark said rerouted packets to identify packets affected by the failure as demoted packets such that a differentiated QoS policy can be applied to said demoted packets. 21. The system of claim 20 further comprising a bandwidth manager configured to provide call admission control of voice calls over said primary tunnels. 22. The system of claim 20 wherein the demotion apparatus is configured to mark an EXP field in one or more MPLS label stack entries of the packets. 23. Apparatus for providing QoS in a network after a network failure, the network comprising at least one primary tunnel and at least one backup tunnel protecting a segment of said primary tunnel, the apparatus comprising: means for receiving notification of a failure within the primary tunnel segment and routing of traffic on the primary tunnel segment
|
['H04J314' 'H04L1256']
|
claim
|
11,811,077
|
[claim] 22. A method for selectively establishing an electrical connection between the first and second active terminals bridged by phase-change material (PCM), the method comprising: modifying an electrical conductivity state of the phase change material by applying a control signal to the phase-change material by way of an electrical path which includes no more than one of the first and second active terminals. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the control signal is applied through a control terminal in thermal and/or electrical communication with the phase-change material. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the control terminal includes a heating element in thermal contact with the phase-change material. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the phase-change material (PCM) is a chalcogenide material selected from one or more of groups containing atom elements in group 4, 5, and 6. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the phase-change material (PCM) includes one or more of Group IV or V elements. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the first and second active terminals, phase-change material (PCM), and control terminal are arranged in a stacked configuration. 28. The method of claim 22, wherein the first and second active terminals, phase-change material (PCM), and control terminal are arranged in a lateral configuration. 29. The method of claim 22, wherein the first and second active terminals are respectively connected to first and second cross-bar wires of a switch fabric and are configured to selectively establish an electrical connection between the first and second cross-bar wires based on the control signal. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein the control signal selectively induces any of three discrete conductivity states in the phase-change material (PCM), the first state being a substantially electrically conductive state, the second state being a substantially electrically non-conductive state, and the third state being a self-isolating state in which a portion of the phase-change material proximal to the control terminal is non-conducting, thereby reducing passage of leakage current to or from the control terminal, while a remainder of the phase-change material is in a substantially electrically conductive state. 31. The method of claim 23, wherein the control terminal further includes one or more current sinks in electrical communication with the phase-change material (PCM). 32. The method of claim 23, wherein the control terminal comprises a plurality of control nodes in electrical and/or thermal communication with the phase-change material (PCM). 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the plurality of control nodes each includes a heating element. 34. The method of claim 23, wherein said first and second active terminals, phase-change material (PCM), and control terminal are configured as components of a memory element. 35. The method of claim 23, wherein said first and second active terminals, phase-change material (PCM), and control terminal are configured as components of a logic switch. 36. The method of claim 23, wherein said first and second active terminals, phase-change material (PCM), and control terminal are configured as components of a CMOS pass gate. 37. The method of claim 23, wherein said first and second active terminals, phase-change material (PCM), and control terminal are configured as components of a multiplexer. 38. The method of claim 23, wherein said first and second active terminals, phase-change material (PCM), and control terminal are configured as components of an OR gate. 39. The method of claim 23, wherein said first and second active terminals, phase-change material (PCM), and control terminal are configured as components of an AND gate.
|
['H01L4500']
|
claim
|
12,396,773
|
[invention] The present invention relates to a method of producing FR901228 which is useful as an antibacterial agent and an antitumor agent. More particularly, it relates to a method of producing FR901228 which comprises culturing a FR901228 producing strain in a medium added with at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of L-arginine, L-histidine, L-cystine and L-cysteine or salt thereof. FR901228 is a compound produced by culturing a strain belonging to Chromobacterium, e.g., Chromobacterium violaceum WB968 strain (FERM BP-1968) in a nutrient medium, and represented by the following formula (Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 7 (1995)-64872): In addition to the fermentation method described above, it is known that FR901228 can also be prepared by semisynthesis or whole synthesis utilizing techniques known in the art (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 7237-7238 (1996)). FR901228 is known to have a histone deacetylase inhibiting activity (Nakajima, H et al., Experimental Cell Research, 241, 126-133 (1998)), and it has been proposed to expand its utility as an antibacterial agent and an anticancer agent. However, the fermentation method shows an unsatisfactory production titer of FR901228. Accordingly, it has been demanded a discovery of a strain excellent in FR901228 producing ability or development of a production method capable of increasing the yield of FR901228.
|
['C07K750']
|
background
|
12,596,514
|
[claim] 1. An improved frothing agent adaptable to froth flotation process to enhance coal selectivity for separation and efficiency of the forth flotation process comprises: A blended mixture of Ketone (2,6 Dimethl-4-Heptanone) 85-89% (Wt %) Ester molecule (Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acetate) 10-12% (Wt %) Epoxide conditioner (1,2-Epoxydodecane) 0.25-0.30% (Wt %) Water 4.75-5.25% (Wt %) 2. The frothing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein solid coal particles are selectively separated under coal froth flotation condition as a froth phase from remaining solid feed particles as an aqueous phase in the presence of improved frother. 3. The frothing agent as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said frother is used in a dosage ranging between about 0.10 to about 0.2 kg/ton of coal. 4. The frothing agent as claimed in claim 1 wherein improvement of clean coal yield is 5-7% at low ash level as compare to commercial frother. 5. The improved frothing agent adaptable to forth flotation process as substantially describes and illustrated herein alongwith accompanying figures.
|
['B03D1008']
|
claim
|
12,232,302
|
[claim] 1. An angular contact ball bearing comprising: an inner ring including a shoulder portion-side end surface; an outer ring which includes a counterbore-side smaller-diameter portion and a counterbore-side end surface disposed axially inwardly of the shoulder portion-side end surface of the inner ring; a plurality of balls arranged in a circular row between the outer ring and inner rings; a cage for holding the balls; and a cylindrical guide portion which is provided at and communicates with the counterbore-side smaller-diameter portion and guides a ball-cage assembly in which the balls and the cage are assembled together when the ball-cage assembly is inserted into the outer ring, wherein when the ball-cage assembly is inserted into the outer ring disposed horizontally, the ball-cage assembly is supported by the counterbore-side smaller-diameter portion and is prevented from being inclined by the guide portion. 2. The angular contact ball bearing according to claim 1, wherein relations 0.35Bd≦δA≦0.5Bd and RD≦OD≦1.1RD are satisfied, where δA represents a projecting amount of each ball from the outer ring in a state that the ball-cage assembly is placed on the counterbore-side smaller diameter portion, Bd represents a diameter of the ball, OD represents an inner diameter of the guide portion, and RD represents a diameter of a circle circumscribing the circular row of balls. 3. The angular contact ball bearing according to claim 2, wherein 0.35Bd≦δA≦0.45Bd and RD≦OD≦1.05RD are satisfied.
|
['F16C3346']
|
claim
|
11,342,820
|
[summary] The object of the invention is to provide a control device and a control method of a gear transmission wherein the deterioration of drivability caused by the increase of a flow rate for cooling a friction clutch can be avoided. (1) To achieve the object, the invention is basically configured as follows. A control device of the present invention is applied for a gear transmission for changing shift ratio by the engagement/disengagement of at least one friction clutch coupled to an engine. The control device controls the flow rate of a coolant supplied to the friction clutch by operating a coolant flow controller. The coolant is for cooling or lubricating the friction clutch. The control device comprises: a first flow rate computation section for calculating a coolant flow rate which places importance on a cooling action for the friction clutch; a second flow rate computation section for calculating a coolant flow rate which places importance on an inhibition of drag in the friction clutch; and a flow rate computation switching section for switching the first flow rate computation section and the second flow rate computation section. Owing to such a configuration, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of drivability caused by the increase of the coolant flow rate for the friction clutch. (2) In the control device of the gear transmission disclosed in (1), it is configured desirably so that the first flow rate computation section calculates the coolant flow rate based on a temperature parameter such as the quantity of heat caused in the friction clutch. (3) In the control device of the gear transmission disclosed in (1), it is configured desirably so that the flow rate computation switching section switches to the second flow rate computation section when an engine stop request is made. (4) In the control device of the gear transmission disclosed in (1), it is configured desirably so that the flow rate computation switching section switches to the second flow rate computation section when an engine start request is made. (5) In the control device of the gear transmission disclosed in (1), it is configured desirably so that the flow rate computation switching section switches to the second flow rate computation section when a shift request of the gear transmission is made. (6) In the control device of the gear transmission disclosed in (1), it is configured desirably so that the gear transmission is a twin-clutch system provided with two friction clutches, and the flow rate computation switching section switches from the first flow rate computation section to the second flow rate computation section prior to shift operation of the gear transmission. (7) Besides, to achieve the object, the invention is configured as follows. A control device is applied for a gear transmission. The transmission is provided with one or more friction clutches for changing shift ratio by the engagement/disengagement of the friction clutch. The control device is comprised of: a first flow rate computation section for calculating a coolant flow rate which places importance on a cooling action for the friction clutch; a second flow rate computation section for calculating a less coolant flow rate than a flow rate calculated by the first flow rate computation section; and a coolant flow controller for controlling a coolant supplied to the friction clutch based on a coolant flow rate calculated by either the first flow rate computation section or the second flow rate computation section. Owing to such a configuration, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of drivability caused by the increase of the coolant flow rate for the friction clutch (8) To achieve the object, the invention is also basically configured as follows. A control device is applied to a gear transmission. The transmission is provided with one or more friction clutches for changing shift ratio by the engagement/disengagement of the friction clutch. The control device has a switching section for switching from a first coolant flow rate which places importance on action for cooling the friction clutch to a second coolant flow rate which places importance on an inhibition of drag. Thereby the coolant flow rate supplied to the friction clutch can be changed. Owing to such configuration, it is possible to obtain a similar effect as the above-mentioned effect. (9) To achieve the object, the invention is also basically configured as follows. A control system of a vehicle comprises an engine for a vehicle, a gear transmission for changing shift ratio by the engagement/disengagement of at least one friction clutch, and coolant flow controller for controlling a coolant flow rate for cooling or lubricating the friction clutch. The engine can be automatically turned into a driven state and into a stopped state based on a predetermined condition. The system further comprises: a flow rate determining section for determining the coolant flow rate; and a control section for prohibiting the automatic stop of the engine based on the result of determination by the coolant flow rate determining section when the coolant flow rate is small. Owing to such configuration, it is possible to obtain a similar effect as the above-mentioned effect. (10) To achieve the object, the invention is also basically configured as follows. A control method is applied to a similar gear transmission with the above-mentioned gear transmission. The method comprising steps of: when required, switching from a first coolant flow rate which places importance on action for cooling the friction clutch to a second coolant flow rate which places importance on an inhibition of drag, and thereby changing a coolant flow rate supplied to the friction clutch. Owing to such configuration, it is possible to obtain a similar effect as the above-mentioned effect.
|
['B60W1002']
|
summary
|
11,188,621
|
[description] An embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a communication system including a portable telephone that is a type of portable electronic apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a portable telephone 10, a base station 20 that wirelessly communicates with the portable telephone 10, and a personal computer 30 (hereinafter referred to as a PC 30) that is connected to the base station 20 via the Internet. The portable telephone 10 and the PC 30 have the function of exchanging electronic mails. In this example, the portable telephone 10 is usually carried by a user who also uses the PC 30, and the user is scheduled to stay near the PC 30 at least for a certain period of time. FIG. 2 is a perspective diagram showing the appearance of the portable telephone. The portable telephone 10 is composed of an upper enclosure 110 and a lower enclosure 120 which can be opened and closed with respect to each other. The upper enclosure 110 includes a LCD 111 for displaying various images and an earpiece 112 provided with a small speaker out of which sounds come when it is put to the user's ear. The lower enclosure 120 includes: various keys 121 used for entering telephone numbers and e-mail messages and for setting various modes; a mouthpiece 122 provided with a microphone for picking up the user's voice when it is brought close to the user's mouth; and a loudspeaker-sound opening 123 provided with a large loudspeaker for allowing the user to hear other party's voice even when the portable telephone 10 is not near the user's face. The portable telephone 10 has the function of sending/receiving messages by telephone as well as by e-mail through wireless communications. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the internal structure of the portable telephone 10 whose appearance is shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 shows a wireless communicator 11, a control LSI 12, a CPU 13, a non-volatile memory 14, a speaker/microphone 15, a LCD/key 16, a clock 17, and a Global Positioning System (GPS) 18. The wireless communicator 11 wirelessly communicates with external equipment etc. via an antenna 11a. The control LSI 12 is adapted to intermediate and process, under the control of the CPU 13, signals between the wireless communicator 11 and the speaker/microphone 15; between the wireless communicator 11 and the LCD/key 16; and between the CPU 13 and the speaker/microphone 15, LCD/key 16, clock 17, and GPS 18. The CPU 13 executes programs to control the wireless communicator 11 and the control LSI 12, and obtains information from the LCD/key 16, clock 17, and GPS 18 via the control LSI 12. The non-volatile memory 14 stores programs to be executed in the CPU 13 and various kinds of information that will be described later with reference to FIG. 4. The speaker/microphone 15 is used when the portable telephone 10 is functioning mainly as a telephone and serves to deliver messages to the user and to pick up the user's voice. The LCD/key 16 corresponds to the LCD 111 and various keys 121 in the appearance shown in FIG. 2 and serves to display images and to detect key operations performed by the user. The clock 17 reports the current time, and the GPS 18 detects and reports the current position of the portable telephone 10. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating functions necessary to achieve a feature unique to the present embodiment (non-carry processing mode), which consists of a combination of the hardware of the portable telephone 10 and the software programs executed in the CPU 13 of the portable telephone 10. FIG. 4 shows a key operation unit 101. The key operation unit 101 is comprised of the various keys 121 shown in FIG. 2 and a detection switch (not shown) for detecting operations provided through the keys 121. Normally, information that is input through the key operation unit 101 by a key operation in the non-carry processing mode is stored in a normal position information storing unit 102. The normal position information storing unit 102 is configured within the non-volatile memory 14 shown in FIG. 3, and stores time information and position information in a pair as well as stores an e-mail address as a destination address. As shown in FIG. 4, there are stored through the user's key operations: time information t1 and position information p1 in a pair; time information t2 and position information p2 in a pair; time information t3 and position information p3 in a pair; a destination address A that is an e-mail address used by the PC 30; and a message to be sent to the destination address. In this figure, although only the address A is stored as a destination address, two or more destination addresses may be stored and the destination addresses may be associated with pairs of time information and position information. In addition, instead of entering a message through a key operation by a user, predetermined messages may be stored beforehand. A pair of time information and position information stored in the normal position information storing unit 102 is such that at the time represented by the time information, normally, the user is scheduled to be at the position represented by the position information that is paired with the time information. Therefore, the portable telephone 10 should naturally be at the position as well when the user carries it. FIG. 4 also shows a non-carry operation control unit 103 that receives an instruction from the user as to ON/OFF of the non-carry operation mode through the key operation unit 101. When the non-carry operation mode is made ON by an instruction, the non-carry operation control unit 103 orders a position information comparing unit 104 to carry out a position information comparing processing. A time information control unit 105 shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the clock 17 shown in FIG. 3 in terms of hardware,
|
['H04Q720']
|
detailed_description
|
12,146,990
|
[summary] Illustrative embodiments of the present invention that are shown in the drawings are summarized below. These and other embodiments are more fully described in the Detailed Description section. It is to be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the forms described in this Summary of the Invention or in the Detailed Description. One skilled in the art can recognize that there are numerous modifications, equivalents, and alternative constructions that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the claims. The present invention can provide a method and system for gathering and reporting data associated with a cardholder's use of a prepaid debit card. One illustrative embodiment is a method for gathering and reporting data associated with a cardholder's use of a prepaid debit card, the method comprising receiving primary personal data associated with the cardholder in connection with the issuance to the cardholder of the prepaid debit card; causing a financial institution to issue the prepaid debit card to the cardholder; causing a card fulfillment process to be performed for the cardholder; causing the prepaid debit card loaded with a predetermined monetary value to be distributed to the cardholder; receiving secondary personal data associated with the cardholder; processing one or more transactions initiated by the cardholder with the prepaid debit card; correlating, in a computerized data processing system, the primary and secondary personal data with transactional data associated with the one or more transactions to generate correlated data; and granting an authorized entity access to at least a portion of the correlated data on an aggregated and non-personally-identifiable basis. Another illustrative embodiment is a system for gathering and reporting data associated with a cardholder's use of a prepaid debit card, the system comprising at least one processor; and a memory containing a plurality of program instructions configured to cause the at least one processor to correlate, with transactional data associated with one or more processed transactions initiated by the cardholder using the prepaid debit card, primary and secondary personal data associated with the cardholder to generate correlated data, the primary personal data having been received in connection with issuance to the cardholder of the prepaid debit card by a financial institution, the cardholder having received the prepaid debit card following a card fulfillment process, the secondary personal information having been received following the cardholder's receipt of the prepaid debit card; and grant an authorized entity access to at least a portion of the correlated data on an aggregated and non-personally-identifiable basis. The methods of the invention can also be implemented, in part, as a plurality of program instructions executable by a processor and residing on a computer-readable storage medium. These and other embodiments are described in further detail herein.
|
['G06Q3000' 'G06Q4000' 'G06Q1000']
|
summary
|
11,970,240
|
[claim] 1. A method for requesting intra-refreshing in a video telephone communication system, the method comprising: checking, by a reception apparatus, a sequence number and a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for received video packet data to detect presence of a packet loss; decoding the received video packet data to check frame type information; generating a control signal for requesting intra-refreshing in accordance with the checked frame type information and the sequence number; and transmitting the generated control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to a transmission apparatus. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: computing an arrival time t2 of an I-frame obtained by compressing an independent image to be temporarily transmitted from the transmission apparatus in response to the control signal transmitted to the transmission apparatus; comparing an arrival time t1 of the I-frame transmitted at periods, with the computed arrival time t2; and when t1 is later than t2, transmitting the generated control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to the transmission apparatus. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: when t1 is equal to or earlier than t2, holding the transmission of the generated control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to the transmission apparatus, and waiting for a periodically transmitted I-frame. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: decoding, by the reception apparatus, the received video packet data to determine whether the frame type information indicates a periodically transmitted I-frame, or a P-frame obtained by compressing a difference between video data at a transmission time and video data before the transmission time; and acquiring a sequence number indicating a sequence of a corresponding P-frame transmitted after the I-frame is transmitted. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: defining, by the reception apparatus, a first region for requesting transmission of an I-frame, a second region for waiting for a periodically transmitted I-frame, and a third region, located between the first region and the third region, for selectively requesting transmission of an I-frame, in accordance with the frame type information and the sequence number; and selectively transmitting the control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to the transmission apparatus in accordance with the defined regions. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising: computing, by the reception apparatus, the time t1 and the time t2 depending on a two-way delay between the transmission apparatus and the reception apparatus, comparing the time t1 with the time t2, and transmitting the control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to the transmission apparatus according to the comparison result. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting, by the reception apparatus when it is based on a circuit-switched system, the control signal to the transmission apparatus using a Video Fast Picture Update Command (VFPU), and transmitting, when the reception apparatus is based on a packet-switched system, the control signal to the transmission apparatus using an AVPF Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) signal indicating transmission failure of the packet data, and AVPF Picture Loss Indication (PLI) indicating a loss of the packet during its transmission. 8. A reception apparatus for requesting intra-refreshing in a video telephone communication system, the apparatus comprising: an error detection block for checking a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) attached to received video data to detect an error, and checking a sequence number of the received video data; a decoder for decoding the error-detected video data to check frame type information; and a controller for generating a control signal for requesting intra-refreshing in accordance with the checked frame type information and the sequence number, and transmitting the generated control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to a transmission apparatus. 9. The reception apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller: computes an arrival time t2 of an I-frame obtained by compressing an independent image to be temporarily transmitted in response to the transmitted control signal after transmitting the generated control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to the transmission apparatus; compares the arrival time t2 with an arrival time t1 of an I-frame transmitted at periods; and when t1 is later than t2, transmits the generated control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to the transmission apparatus. 10. The reception apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller: holds the transmission of the generated control signal for requesting intra-refreshing to the transmission apparatus, and waits for a periodically transmitted I-frame, when t1 is equal to or earlier than t2. 11. A method for transmitting by a transmission apparatus an I-frame obtained by compressing an independent image in response to a request for intra-refreshing in a video telephone communication system, the method comprising: determining whether a control signal for requesting transmission of an I-frame obtained by compressing an independent image is received from a reception apparatus; checking frame type information and a sequence number of video data being compressed; determining whether to transmit a temporary I-frame corresponding to the received control signal or to transmit an I-frame based on a predetermined period, in accordance with the checked frame type information and the sequence number; and transmitting the I-frame to the reception apparatus using a variable time according to the determination. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: computing a time t4 at which the control signal was requested from the reception apparatus; comparing the computed time t4 with a transmission time t3 of an I-frame transmitted at periods; and when t3 is earlier than t4, temporarily transmitting the I-frame to the reception apparatus according to the control signal. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising: holding the transmission of the temporary I-frame according to the control signal, and transmitting the I-frame based on a predetermined period, when t3 is equal to or later than t4. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising: determining, by the transmission apparatus, transmission of the intra-refreshing requested I-frame in accordance with a two-way delay between the transmission apparatus and the receiver apparatus, and the number of P-frames obtained by compressing a difference between current video data being lost due to the transmission of the I-frame and previous video data. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising: variably adjusting,
|
['H04N714']
|
claim
|
12,153,685
|
Image processing device, image processing method, and computer program product [SEP] [abstract] A thumbnail generating section of a server generates a plurality of thumbnail images from a registration image received through an external I/F section and stores the generated thumbnail images in an image DB. The image DB stores therein registration images received through the external I/F section and the thumbnail images generated by the thumbnail generating section. A display screen controlling section generates a display screen to be displayed by a client. The display screen controlling section controls the display screen by generating the display screen in adherence to screen control data transmitted from the client.
|
['G06F3048']
|
abstract
|
11,635,098
|
[claim] 1. A surgical system, comprising: a receiving member implantable in a patient, the receiving member including at least one receptacle; an instrument including a handle member extending along a longitudinal axis from a proximal end to a distal end, the handle member defining a passage and a compartment extending therein in side-by-side relation from the proximal end toward the distal end, an actuating member extending transversely across the passage and the compartment adjacent to the distal end, and a guide shaft engaged with and extending distally from the handle member, the guide shaft being axially aligned with the passage; and wherein the actuating member is structured to move an implant of a plurality of implants positioned in the compartment to the passage into alignment with the guide shaft where the implant is fed toward a distal end of the guide shaft, the implant being engageable in the receptacle of the receiving member when delivered from a distal end of the guide shaft. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the handle member further includes an elongated side wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end, the side wall including an opening defining a transverse bore to receive the actuating member in a moveable relationship. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the actuating member includes an internal end opposite an external end, the external end being structured for engagement by a human operator to move the actuating member along the transverse bore. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a biasing member, the biasing member being structured to influence the actuating member across a plurality of positions in the transverse bore. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the actuating member is transversely slidable within a transverse bore between a loading position where an implant channel of the actuating member is aligned with the compartment to receive an implant from the compartment and a delivery position where the implant channel is aligned with the passage to deliver the implant to the guide shaft. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a biasing element structured to influence the actuating member to one of the delivery position and the loading position. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the biasing element is compressible to facilitate movement of the actuating member to the delivery position. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the receiving member is engageable to a bony structure of the patient and the implants are engageable in the at least one receptacle. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the guide shaft includes an internally threaded portion adjacent a distal end opening, the set screws threadingly passing through the internally threaded portion of the guide shaft for delivery through the distal end opening of the guide shaft. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the guide shaft includes a tubular member with a longitudinal bore extending co-axially with the channel and further includes a flange extending distally from a distal end wall of the guide shaft, the flange being positionable in contact with the receiving member adjacent the receptacle. 11. A surgical system, comprising: an instrument including an elongated handle member, a guide shaft engaged with and extending distally from the handle member along a longitudinal axis, and an actuating member coupled with the handle member and extending transversely across the handle member, the actuating member communicating with a compartment and a passage defined by the handle member and being slidable therebetween to individually deliver respective ones of a plurality of implants stored in the compartment from the compartment to the passage wherein the passage is aligned with the guide shaft; and a driver instrument positionable within the passage and through the guide shaft to engage the respective implant in the guide shaft. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a receiving member implantable in a patient, the receiving member including at least one receptacle for receiving at least one of the plurality of implants therein. 13. A surgical instrument for delivering multiple implants to an implantation location, comprising: a handle member including a side wall extending longitudinally from a proximal end wall to a distal end wall, the handle member defining an internal bore extending therethrough from the proximal end wall to the distal end and a dividing wall separating the internal bore from at least one implant compartment in the handle member, the implant compartment and the internal bore communicating with a transverse pocket extending through the side wall at a side wall opening; a guide shaft engaged with and extending distally from the distal end wall of the handle member along a longitudinal axis, the guide shaft including an internal bore aligned with the internal bore of the handle member, the internal bore of the guide shaft extending to a distal end opening; and an actuating member defining an implant channel, the implant channel being structured to individually house a respective implant of a plurality of implants stored in the implant compartment and wherein the actuating member is translatable in the transverse pocket between a receiving position where the implant channel is aligned with the implant compartment for receiving the respective implant to a delivery position where the implant portion is aligned with the internal bore for delivering the implant to the internal bore of the guide shaft. 14. The instrument of claim 13, wherein a driver instrument is positionable within the internal bore when the actuating member is at the second position to advance the implant toward the distal end opening of the guide shaft, the driver instrument being structured to engage the implant with a retaining portion of the guide shaft for delivery through the distal end opening. 15. The instrument of claim 13, further comprising a biasing member disposed in the transverse pocket to influence the actuating member to the first position and wherein the biasing member is actuated when the actuating member is in the second position. 16. The instrument of claim 13, wherein the implants are structured
|
['A61B1758']
|
claim
|
12,072,995
|
[summary] In one aspect of the present invention the aforementioned problems and complications are addressed by automatically testing a railroad signal system interlocking. A plurality of control point interfaces are provided, each corresponding to a predetermined function of an interlocking and having an isolated section and a control section. The isolated section of each interface is connected to a current source in the interlocking having an electrical characteristic representing the status of a predetermined function executed by the interlocking, and the control section is coupled to the isolated section of the interface to detect the status of the corresponding function. The status of each of the functions is reported to a central server, and a report of the status of the interlocking is provided. Other aspects include providing a method and a system to capture the interlocking design information, generate a design definition, generate test scripts, execute the test scripts under control of the operator, display test progress, and generate test reports.
|
['G06F1900']
|
summary
|
12,257,449
|
[summary] The applicant of the present invention has devoted himself to design and commercially distribute cooking wares, with a hope to overcome the disadvantages that the described cutting device wherein elastic of the central hole of the extruding sheet is easy to fatigue and the screw teeth are therefore damaged, so the screw teeth can not be sufficiently engaged with the screw rod, and with another hope to develop another means to separate the extruding sheet of the extruding mechanism and the screw rod so block-shaped food can be refilled, after try and error, the present invention “Cutting device for block-shaped food” is provided. One object of the present invention is to provide a cutting device for block-shaped food, and the cutting device has functions of being refilled with block-shaped food and remaining hygiene of the food without cleaning the cutting device. For achieving the object mentioned above, one solution provided by the present invention is to provide a cutting device for block-shaped food, comprises: a container main body, an accommodating chamber having a polygonal cross section is axially provided inside the container main body for accommodating block-shaped food; a tube-shaped cutting mechanism, the cutting mechanism is connected to the bottom end of the container main body, so an opening at the bottom end of the container main body is adjacent to a grinding plate fastened in the cutting mechanism, and the surface of the grinding plate is protrudingly provided with plural knife sections; an extruding mechanism, a bottom end of a screw rod is fastened on the center of the grinding plate, the top end of the screw rod is axially extended out of the accommodating chamber, an extruding sheet having a shape corresponding to the polygonal cross sectional shape of the accommodating chamber is provided inside the accommodating chamber, a screw connecting hole provide in the center of the extruding sheet is screw-fitted with the screw rod, and a resilient buckling member is axially and protrudingly provided at the periphery of the screw connecting hole; a sealing cover, the sealing cover is connected to the top end of the container main body, a shaft column is protrudingly provided at the inner wall of the top end of the sealing cover, the bottom end of the shaft column has an outward-protruding buckling flange, a shaft hole is axially provided on the shaft column for being pivotally connected to the top end of the screw rod; wherein when a relative movement is generated between the container main body and the cutting mechanism, the extruding sheet is downwardly moved along the screw rod, so the food is pressed toward the grinding plate and the food is cut to a power, strip or thin-sheet status; when the extruding sheet is upwardly moved along the screw rod and the resilient buckling member is buckled on the buckling flange provided inside the sealing cover, when the sealing cover is separated from the top end of the container main body, the extruding sheet is also separated from the screw rod, so block-shaped food is able to be refilled. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cutting device for block-shaped food, wherein block-shaped food is able to be refilled and an extruding sheet is able to be rapidly recovered and the service life of the cutting device is prolonged. For achieving the object mentioned above, another solution provided by the present invention is to provide a cutting device for block-shaped food, comprises: a container main body, an accommodating chamber having a polygonal cross section is axially provided inside the container main body for accommodating block-shaped food; a tube shaped cutting mechanism, that cutting mechanism is connected to the bottom end of the container main body, so an opening at the bottom end of the container main body is adjacent to a grinding plate fastened in the cutting mechanism, and the surface of the grinding plate is protrudingly provided with plural knife sections; an extruding mechanism, a bottom end of a screw rod is fastened on the center of the grinding plate, the top end of the screw rod is axially extended out of the accommodating chamber, an extruding sheet having a shape corresponding to the polygonal cross section shape of the accommodating chamber is provided inside the accommodating chamber, a screw connecting hole provide in the center of the extruding sheet is screw-fitted with the screw rod, and a resilient buckling member is axially and protrudingly provided at the periphery of the screw connecting hole; a sealing cover, the sealing cover is connected to the top end of the container main body, a shaft column is protrudingly provided at the inner wall of the top end of the sealing cover, the bottom end of the shaft column has an outward-protruding buckling flange, a shaft hole is axially provided on the shaft column for being pivotally connected to the top end of the screw rod; a rapid recovering member, a bottom cover is provided on an opening at the bottom end of the cutting mechanism, a rotation handle is radially extended from the periphery of the bottom cover and the outer end of the rotation handle is provided with a holding button; wherein when a relative movement is generated between the container main body and the cutting mechanism, the extruding sheet is downwardly moved along the screw rod, so the food is pressed toward the grinding plate and the food is cut to a power, strip or thin sheet status; when the holding button of the rotation handle is rotated, the cutting mechanism and the screw rod are driven to rotate by the bottom cover, so the extruding sheet is upwardly moved along the screw rod, and the resilient buckling member is buckled on the buckling flange provided inside the sealing cover, when the sealing cover is separated from the top end of the container main body, the extruding sheet is also separated from the screw rod, so block-shaped food is able to be refilled.
|
['A47J4304' 'B24B700']
|
summary
|
11,228,112
|
[invention] Writing instruments often consist mainly of an elongated barrel portion having an interior volume for containing an ink product or another marking material and also an outer surface for grasping by the user when writing or otherwise transferring the marking material to another substance. For example, the writing instruments can include pens, pencils, markers, highlighters, and the like, which contain materials such as ink, lead, or the like that can be used to write, draw, or otherwise express information on a substance. The number of combinations of writing instruments, marking materials, and medium to which the marking materials can be transferred is nearly limitless, and new instruments and materials are continually being developed and improved. Thus, writing instruments are used widely in nearly every type of industry, in almost every home, and by people having all types of lifestyles and incomes. A product with exposure that is this far-reaching has provided an excellent source of advertising for companies. The advertising can consist of printing a company logo on the outer surface of a writing instrument barrel, then distributing the writing instrument to customers or other people to whom it is desired to convey a message. Because such a writing instrument will typically be used a number of times before the writing material is depleted, a single writing instrument having advertising messages can reach the same customer or different customers a large number of times. For example, a drug manufacturer may print the name of a new medication on the outer surface of a pen barrel, then distribute the pen to health care providers, patients, and pharmacists. In this way, the people who receive the pen will be provided with a useful writing instrument on which they will see the name of the medication each time they look at the pen, such as when it is sitting on a desk surface. Another type of advertising that may be provided on the outside of a writing instrument barrel includes information relating to the product name and/or manufacturer of the writing instrument itself. This information can be useful as a reminder for future purchases of the writing instrument and refills, and also can influence an initial purchase of the writing instrument (e.g., the outer barrel includes visually appealing graphics containing product information). Writing instruments often also include a pocket clip that extends from the outer surface of the barrel. These clips are often used to retain the writing instrument in a user's pocket or to secure the writing instrument to another material, such as a pad of paper. Pocket clips are typically provided in the form of an elongated structure that has a first end that is stationary relative to the outer surface of a writing instrument barrel and a second end that is adjacent to but not attached to the barrel. The portion of the clip between the first and second ends is typically spaced at least slightly from the outer surface of the barrel, with the second end of the clip being biased toward the barrel. In this way, the barrel of the writing instrument can be placed inside the pocket of a user with the pocket clip slipped over the fabric of the pocket so that it is positioned outside the pocket. The bias of the second end of the clip can allow the clip to move at least slightly away from the barrel to accommodate the width of the pocket fabric, for example, yet provide an attachment to the fabric. In some cases, a pocket clip can also be used to display information on its outwardly facing surface or to provide a surface having a particular functional use. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,441 (Goldberg) provides an emblem attachment device for use with pocket clips that is used for mounting desired 3-dimensional emblems and the like to present a particular appearance for a pocket clip. For another example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,082 (Dair et al.) provides a medication delivery pen having a pocket clip with a magnifying portion to better view dosage numerals. While such exemplary uses for a pocket clip are beneficial, there are opportunities to utilize the outwardly facing surface of pocket clips for displaying information in different manners.
|
['B43K2302' 'B43K2900']
|
background
|
12,271,271
|
[claim] 1. An apparatus comprising: a first portable electronic device housing; first selective call receiver circuitry contained within the first portable electronic device housing; a second portable electronic device housing rotatably coupled to the first portable electronic device housing, where the second portable electronic device housing is rotatable about an axis of the first portable electronic device housing; second selective call receiver circuitry contained within the second portable electronic device housing, the second selective call receiver circuitry coupled to the first selective call receiver circuitry; a battery; and an integral electric generator coupled to the first portable electronic device housing, coupled to the second portable electronic device housing, and coupled to the battery, the integral electric generator configured to charge the battery based on rotation of the first portable electronic device housing relative to the second portable electronic device housing. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an optical data connection coupled between the first portable electronic device housing and the second portable electronic device housing, wherein the second selective call receiver circuitry is coupled to the first selective call receiver circuitry via the optical data connection. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a hinge including the optical data connection, wherein the second portable electronic device housing is rotatably coupled to the first portable electronic device housing via the hinge. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a hinge coupled to the first portable electronic device housing and coupled to the second portable electronic device housing, wherein the integral electric generator is coupled to the first portable electronic device housing and coupled to the second portable electronic device housing via the hinge. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a clutch coupled to the integral electric generator, the clutch configured to disengage the integral electric generator to disable charging of the battery by the integral electric generator. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the integral electric generator comprises a flat motor. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first selective call receiver circuitry comprises a selective call receiver transceiver, and wherein the selective call receiver transceiver is configured to maintain a call while the integral electric generator charges the battery. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first selective call receiver circuitry comprises short range wireless transceiver, and wherein the short range wireless transceiver is configured to maintain a short range wireless connection while the integral electric generator charges the battery. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first selective call receiver circuitry comprises a speakerphone speaker, and wherein the speakerphone speaker is configured to provide an audio interface while the integral electric generator charges the battery. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first portable electronic device housing includes a first substantially planar surface, and wherein the second portable electronic device housing includes a second substantially planar surface configured to rotatably slide across the first substantially planar surface in a plane substantially parallel to the first substantially planar surface. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an extendable crank handle, the extendable crank handle configured to assist in rotating the second portable electronic device housing about an axis of the first portable electronic device housing. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanical interface coupled between the first portable electronic device housing and the second portable electronic device housing and coupled to the integral electric generator, wherein the second portable electronic device housing is detachably coupled to the first portable electronic device housing, and wherein the mechanical interface is configured to drive the integral electric generator when the second portable electronic device housing is detached from the first portable electronic device housing. 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second portable electronic device housing is detachably coupled to the first portable electronic device housing, wherein the first portable electronic device housing includes a first short range wireless transceiver, wherein the second portable electronic device housing includes a second short range wireless transceiver wirelessly coupled to the first short range wireless transceiver when the second portable electronic device housing is detached from the first portable electronic device housing. 14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second portable electronic device housing is rotatable 360 degrees about an axis of the first portable electronic device housing. 15. A rotator mobile phone comprising: a rotator mobile phone base housing; a controller coupled to the rotator mobile phone base housing, the controller configured to control operations of the rotator mobile phone; a selective call receiver transceiver coupled to the rotator mobile phone base housing; a rotator mobile phone blade housing rotatably coupled to the rotator mobile phone base housing, where the rotator mobile phone blade housing is rotatable 360 degrees about an axis of the rotator mobile phone base housing; a speaker coupled to the rotator mobile phone blade housing and coupled to the controller; a battery coupled to the rotator mobile phone base housing and coupled to the controller; and an integral electric generator coupled to the rotator mobile phone base housing, coupled to the rotator mobile phone blade housing, and coupled to the battery, the integral electric generator configured to charge the battery based on rotation of the rotator mobile phone blade housing relative to the rotator mobile phone base housing. 16. The rotator mobile phone according to claim 15, further comprising a speakerphone speaker coupled to the rotator mobile phone base housing, the speakerphone speaker configured to provide an audio interface while the electric generator charges the battery. 17. The rotator mobile phone according to claim 15, further comprising a mechanical interface coupled between the rotator mobile phone base housing and the rotator mobile phone blade housing and coupled to the integral electric generator, wherein the rotator mobile phone blade housing is detachably coupled to the rotator mobile phone base housing, and wherein the mechanical interface is configured to drive the integral electric generator
|
['H04M100']
|
claim
|
12,491,898
|
[claim] 1. A magnetic writer for writing data to a perpendicular magnetic storage medium comprising: a write pole body; and a write pole tip extending from the write pole body, the write pole tip having a short transverse width dimension W and a vertical length dimension L at an air bearing surface (ABS) and a height dimension H perpendicular to the ABS, wherein the width and length dimensions define a plane parallel to an air bearing surface; wherein the width dimension is less than the length dimension; wherein the width dimension defines a track width; and wherein the pole tip has a magnetic easy axis parallel to the length dimension and to the ABS. 2. The magnetic writer of claim 1, wherein the write pole tip comprises alternating layers of magnetic and nonmagnetic materials. 3. The magnetic writer of claim 2, wherein a planar orientation of the alternating layers is parallel to the vertical length dimension and to the height dimension of the write pole tip. 4. The magnetic writer of claim 2 wherein the magnetic layers comprise one of at least one of cobalt iron, cobalt nickel iron, nickel iron, and cobalt. 5. The magnetic writer of claim 2 wherein the nonmagnetic layers comprise at least one of tantalum, ruthenium, chromium, aluminum and copper. 6. The magnetic writer of claim 1 further comprising: a write coil for inducing a write magnetic field in the write pole body and the pole tip, the write magnetic field being oriented generally perpendicular the ABS. 7. A method of forming a write pole tip, the method comprising: defining a shape of the write pole tip; and depositing alternating magnetic layers and non-magnetic spacer layers so that the magnetic layers are oriented substantially parallel to a length dimension and substantially perpendicular to an air bearing surface with each magnetic layer having an easy axis of magnetization substantially parallel to the length dimension and substantially parallel to the air bearing surface. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein defining a shape of the write pole tip comprises: forming a resist layer on a substrate; and forming a trench in the resist layer. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein depositing alternating magnetic layers and non-magnetic layers comprises: depositing a seedlayer on the sides and bottom of the trench; plating a layer of magnetic material on the seedlayer in the trench; plating a layer of non-magnetic material on the magnetic material; and repeating the process of plating magnetic and non-magnetic layers until the trench is filled. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the seedlayer being deposited comprises at least one of tantalum, ruthenium, aluminum and copper. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the magnetic layers being plated comprise at least one of cobalt iron, cobalt nickel iron, nickel iron, and cobalt. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein a planar orientation of the alternating layers being plated is parallel to the vertical length dimension L and to a height dimension H of the pole tip. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein the nonmagnetic layers being plated comprise at least one of nickel-phosphorus, ruthenium, aluminum and copper. 14. The method of claim 7 wherein depositing alternating magnetic layers and non-magnetic layers comprises: depositing a seedlayer on a substrate wall; depositing a magnetic layer on the seedlayer; depositing a non-magnetic spacer layer on the magnetic layer; and repeating the process of depositing magnetic and non-magnetic layers until a multilayer structure of a size suitable to form a write pole tip is deposited. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein defining a shape of the write pole tip comprises: removing excess material from the multilayer structure to form the write pole tip. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein depositing alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic layers is by physical vapor deposition or sidewall electroplating. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the physical vapor deposition comprises static off axis physical vapor deposition or sidewall electroplating 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the seedlayer being deposited comprises at least one of tantalum, ruthenium, aluminum and copper. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the magnetic layers being deposited comprise at least one of cobalt iron, cobalt nickel iron, nickel iron, and cobalt. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the nonmagnetic layers being deposited comprise at least one of tantalum, ruthenium, aluminum and copper.
|
['G11B5127' 'C25D534']
|
claim
|
11,085,852
|
[summary] Therefore, a need has arisen for systems and methods for allowing the grouping of resource objects in a directory services authentication/authorization schema, while maintaining access query functionality. In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of managing access to a resource in a network is provided. An access query generated in response to a user submitting a request to access a particular one of a group of resources in a network is received from the particular resource, the access query regarding the particular user's privileges for accessing the particular resource. In response to receiving the access query, a directory schema stored in a computer-readable medium is used to determine the particular user's privileges for accessing the particular resource. The directory schema includes multiple association objects including a particular association object associated with the particular resource. The particular association object defines associations between one or more user objects representing multiple users, a resource group object representing the group of resources, and one or more privilege objects representing privileges of users for access to each of the group of resources such that the association defines the privileges of each of the multiple users for accessing any of the group of resources. For each user, that user's privileges for accessing any of the group of resources may be the same. Determining the particular user's privileges for accessing the particular resource includes (a) using a first link between a resource object representing the particular resource and the resource group object and a second link between the resource group object and the association object to identify the particular association object associated with the particular resource, and (b) in response to identifying the particular association object associated with the particular resource, determining based on the associations defined by the particular association object the privileges for the particular user for accessing the particular resource. A response to the access query including the determined privileges of the particular user for accessing the particular resource may be communicated to the particular resource. In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for managing access to a resource in a network is provided. The computer-executable instructions include instructions for receiving from a particular one of a group of resources in a network an access query generated in response to a user submitting a request to access the particular resource, the access query regarding the particular user's privileges for accessing the particular resource. The computer-executable instructions also include instructions for, in response to receiving the access query, using a directory schema stored in a computer-readable medium to determine the particular user's privileges for accessing the particular resource. The directory schema includes multiple association objects including a particular association object associated with the particular resource. The particular association object defines associations between one or more user objects representing multiple users, a resource group object representing the group of resources, and one or more privilege objects representing privileges of users for access to each of the group of resources such that the association defines the privileges of each of the multiple users for accessing any of the group of resources. For each user, that user's privileges for accessing any of the group of resources may be the same. Determining the particular user's privileges for accessing the particular resource includes (a) using a first link between a resource object representing the particular resource and the resource group object and a second link between the resource group object and the association object to identify the particular association object associated with the particular resource, and (b) in response to identifying the particular association object associated with the particular resource, determining based on the associations defined by the particular association object the privileges for the particular user for accessing the particular resource. The computer-executable instructions also include instructions for communicating to the particular resource a response to the access query including the determined privileges of the particular user for accessing the particular resource. In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, an information handling system including a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and a directory schema stored in the memory is provided. The directory schema is operable to allow management of user privileges for multiple resources, the directory schema and includes one or more user objects representing multiple users, multiple resource object, each representing one of a group of resources, a resource group object representing the group of resources, one or more privilege objects representing privileges of users for access to each of the group of resources, an association object, multiple first links, and a second link. The association object defines associations between the user objects, the privilege objects and the resource group object such that the association defines the privileges of each of the multiple users for accessing any of the group of resources. For each user, that user's privileges for accessing any of the group of resources may be the same. Each of the multiple first links is a link between the resource group object and the resource object representing one of the group of resources. The second link is a link between the resource group object and the association object. The second link provides an information pathway from the resource group object to the association object such that when a particular user attempts to access a particular resource in the group of resources, an access query pathway including one of the first links and the second link is provided from the resource object representing the particular resource to the association object, allowing the association object to be queried to determine the privileges of the particular user for accessing the particular resource. One technical advantage of the present disclosure is that systems and methods for managing user access to particular resources in a network is provided that allows resources to be grouped in an authentication/authorization schema used in such management of resources. In particular, by providing a backlink in a authentication/authorization schema
|
['H04L932']
|
summary
|
11,609,245
|
[summary] A cable assembly comprises a plurality of electrical or fiber-optic cables, a spacer, and a collar. The cables are arranged lengthwise in a bundle, which includes a segment having a cross-sectional arrangement organized into a plurality of columnar sections of contiguous cables. Each columnar section has at least one cable. The spacer is disposed between adjacent columnar sections of cables and thus forms a dividing line between the adjacent columnar sections. The spacer spans substantially entirely across a cross section of the segment of the bundle in one direction. The collar is disposed entirely around the bundle and the spacer along at least a portion of the segment. The collar is sufficiently tight such that the collar and the spacer cooperate to hold the adjacent columnar sections in substantially fixed relative positions within the cross-section of the bundle. A method assembles a plurality of electrical or fiber-optic cables into a cable harness breakout. Segments of a first subset of the plurality of cables are arranged into a contiguous first group. A substantially rigid spacer is placed along a side of the first group. Segments of a second subset of the plurality of cables are arranged into a contiguous second group, and a side of the second group is placed along the spacer, so that the first group and the second group have an arranged configuration. The first group, the spacer, and the second group are secured together in the arranged configuration. A cable bundle breakout harness comprises a plurality of cables, a set of spacers, and a collar. Coextensive segments of the cables are arranged in a rectangular array having N rows and M columns, where M and N are natural numbers (i.e., non-zero positive integers). The set of spacers demark the interior boundaries of the N rows. The collar surrounds the cables and the set of spacers. Another cable harness breakout is near an end of a bundle of electrical and/or fiber-optic cables. The cable harness breakout comprises means for arranging coextensive segments of the cables into a cross-sectional arrangement having a regular, desired configuration. The cable harness breakout also comprises means for holding the coextensive segments of the cables in substantially fixed relative positions in the desired configuration.
|
['H01B1700']
|
summary
|
12,101,256
|
FINE-GRAINED AUTHORIZATION FRAMEWORK [SEP] [abstract] A system and method for controlling access to an instance method on an instance-specific basis by intercepting an invocation of the instance method on an instance.
|
['H04L932' 'G06F1730' 'G06F1212' 'G06F1208' 'G06F1516']
|
abstract
|
11,146,551
|
[invention] The cause of cystinuria, a genetic disease, is well understood. In healthy individuals, cystine is filtered from blood at the renal glomeruli and reabsorbed by the proximal renal tubule cells via a transporter protein assembly that is specialized for certain amino acids including cystine, arginine, lysine, ornithine and citrulline. In cystinurics this amino acid transporter assembly is defective, and cystine is not reabsorbed normally. The cystine accumulates in the urine in abnormally large amounts and, due to its insolubility relative to other amino acids, crystallizes to produce stones. Cystinuria causes one of the most dangerous types of kidney stones, and cystinurics often experience a life of misery due to frequent stone formation episodes. Cystine stones are far more serious than the common calcium oxalate stone because they can be over twenty-times larger than oxalate stones in weight and size. Cystine stone formers experience severe pain and frequently require emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and surgeries. Current treatment regimens for cystine stones are often difficult and unsuccessful. As a result, renal failure that results in a need for dialysis or kidney transplantation is not uncommon. Since no highly effective treatments for cystine stones exist, cystinurics face extremely difficult living circumstances, and the costs of cystinuria to the medical system are high, despite the low patient population (Beaudet, 1995). Given the severity of the symptoms of cystinuria, treatment is essential. The first course of treatment usually involves management of urinary cystine levels to reduce the risk of stone formation. These management methods include substantially increasing the intake of water (thereby increasing the urine volume and the amount of cystine that can be solubilized), dietary restrictions of methionine, which is a metabolic precursor of cystine, and sodium, and oral administration of potassium citrate to increase the pH of the urine, thereby increasing the solubility of cystine. When these methods are ineffective, drug therapy is often used. Drug therapy involves the use of thiol-containing drugs, such as D-penicillamine, α-mercaptopropionylglycine (Thiola), and captopril, to break the cystine disulfide bond and form more soluble mixed disulfides. However, these drugs frequently give the patient various unpleasant side effects such as gastrointestinal intolerance, rash and pain in the joints (Sakhaee and Sutton, 1996). These management techniques for cystinuric patients are often not successful; one study saw 14 of 16 patients, who were using these management methods, nevertheless develop cystine stones (Chow and Streem, 1996). When cystine stone formation cannot be prevented using hydration, dietary restrictions and drug therapy, surgical management is necessary. Cystinuric patients often have recurrent episodes of stone formation and surgeries in their lifetime. Shock wave lithotripsy, the use of high-energy shock waves for stone fragmentation, can be used for treatment of cystine stones that are smaller than 1.5 cm. Cystine stones are the most sturdy of all urinary stones and lithotripsy is generally ineffective in breaking them up. However, smaller cystine stones may be fragmented with lithotripsy because more frequent shocks at higher energy can be used. One of the most common methods for the removal of cystine stones is percutaneous nephrolithotomy, in which a keyhole incision is made in the back and a nephroscope is used to break up and remove the stones. Although this procedure is less invasive than open surgery, regular or spinal anesthesia is normally required along with a hospital stay of 2 to 3 days and a recovery time of a few weeks, in which the patient may not be able to work (Ng and Streem, 2001). An additional method for the treatment of cystine stones, which is a non-surgical and minimally invasive route, involves the delivery of chemical solutions to the kidneys via a nephrostomy catheter for the chemical dissolution of the stones, also known as chemodissolution. A variety of chemolytic agents have been used in this technique including sodium bicarbonate and the organic buffer tris-hydroxymethylene-aminomethane (tromethamine-E) at pH 10, both which act to provide a strongly alkaline environment to dissolve the cystine stones. Acetylcysteine is also frequently used in chemodissolution and dissolves the stones in a manner similar to D-penicillamine and Thiola by breaking the cystine disulfide and forming more soluble disulfides. However, this dissolution method has a limited role in the treatment of cystine stones because these chemolytic agents perform extremely slowly and can typically take weeks to months to dissolve stones (Ng and Streem, 2001). Given the drawbacks of the current methods for the treatment of cystine stones, a minimally invasive, non-surgical route for treatment in which the cystinuric is treated under general anesthesia and in outpatient care would be highly desirable. Chemodissolution possess these desirable characteristics, however the slow rate of dissolution using the current chemical solutions makes this an unfeasible treatment. The present invention overcomes this major drawback of chemodissolution by utilizing the catalytic ability of an enzyme to increase the rate of cystine stone dissolution to provide an improved method of treatment.
|
['A61K3851']
|
background
|
11,490,197
|
[summary] The present invention concerns the use of microwave or radio frequency energy to remove carbon, graphite and other organic compounds from inorganic materials while limiting undesirable mineral, mineral phase or physical changes to the inorganic materials, thereby allowing many natural raw materials and industrial waste products to be used in higher value applications. For the purposes of the present disclosure, the following terms shall have their associated meaning. “Organic-related compounds” is intended to include, without limitation, carbon, graphite and other organic or organically-derived compounds. “Mineral change” refers to the conversion of some or all of a carbonate mineral to an oxide equivalent (i.e., calcium carbonate to calcium oxide) through the liberation of carbon dioxide. “Mineral phase change” refers to the conversion of either an amorphous mineral to a crystalline mineral (i.e., Hydrated amorphous silica or opal-c to cristobalite) or the conversion of one crystalline mineral phase to another crystalline mineral or phase (i.e., quartz to cristobalite or kaolinite to metakaolin, calcined kaolin, mullite or cristobalite). The dehydration of an amorphous mineral phase (i.e., amorphous hydrated silica to opal-c) shall be considered dehydration for the purposes of this invention. Generally described, the present invention provides in a first exemplary embodiment a method for the removal of carbon-related compounds from compositions including one or more inorganic materials and the carbon-related compounds by exposing the composition to microwave or radio frequency energy and thermally oxidizing the carbon-related compounds, while substantially preserving the mineralogical or mineral phase state of the inorganic component. Also provided are products produced from these methods, including whiter, brighter limestone and marble products; whiter, brighter amorphous silica products; higher performance recycled diatomaceous earth or perlite products; and numerous other products in which conventional materials beneficiation/purification processes are limited in their effectiveness to cost effectively remove Carbon & Related Compounds from mixtures with nonmetallic inorganic compounds. Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, when taken in conjunction with the appended claims.
|
['C09C100']
|
summary
|
12,233,156
|
[summary] Methods and systems for governing service identification in an SOA governance model according to embodiments of the present invention are provided. Embodiments include receiving a set of input parameters for identifying candidate services for the SOA; determining whether the set of input parameters comply with a predetermined input parameter validation policy. If the set of input parameters comply with a predetermined input parameter validation policy, governing service identification includes identifying in dependence upon the set of input parameters one or more candidate services available for the SOA in existing SOA business applications and determining whether each candidate services available in existing SOA business applications comply with a predetermined service selection policy. If one of the candidate services available in existing SOA business applications complies with a predetermined service selection policy, governing service identification includes selecting the candidate service as a service available for the SOA and communicating the identification of that selected service to relevant stakeholders in the SOA. The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts of exemplary embodiments of the invention.
|
['H04L900']
|
summary
|
12,125,319
|
[claim] 1. An integrated, multilayer nanotube and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device, comprising: at least one CMOS device formed on at least one layer of the device; at least one metal wiring layer that is electrically connected to the least one CMOS device; at least one nanotube device formed over the metal wiring layer in parasitic isolation from the at least one CMOS device. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one CMOS device and the at least one nanotube device are located on different layers of a same semiconductor wafer chip. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the wafer chip is used for system-on-chip (SoC) applications having RF/analog circuitry based on the least one nanotube device and digital circuitry based on the at least one CMOS device. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one CMOS device comprises: an NFET device and a PFET device formed in a silicon substrate layer with each of the NFET and PFET devices including gate electrodes formed over the silicon substrate. 5. The device of claim 4, further comprising: a first dielectric layer formed over the NFET and PFET devices and gate electrodes; contacts formed to extend through the first dielectric layer electrically connecting the gate electrodes of the NFET and PFET to the metal wiring layer; and a second dielectric layer formed over the metal wiring layer. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the at least one nanotube device includes at least one carbon nanotube FET formed over the second dielectric layer. 7. The device of claim 6, further comprising: an inter-metal dielectric layer formed over the carbon nanotube FET and a portion of the second dielectric layer covering the at least one CMOS device; and a third dielectric layer formed over the inter-metal dielectric layer. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein each of the at least one carbon nanotube FET includes a nanotube gate and source and drain areas, the device further comprising: metallic contacts formed in vias formed through the third dielectric layer and the inter-metal dielectric layer to the metal wiring layer, the nanotube gate of each carbon nanotube FET, and source and drain areas of each carbon nanotube FET; and a second metal wiring layer including portions that are electrically connected to corresponding metallic contacts formed in the vias. 9. A method, comprising: forming at least one complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device on a semiconductor substrate; forming a first metal wiring layer that is electrically connected to the least one CMOS device; forming a first inter-metallic dielectric (IMD) layer over the first metal wiring layer; forming at least one nanotube device over the dielectric layer in parasitic isolation from the at least one CMOS device. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: forming each CMOS device by forming an NFET device and a PFET device in a silicon substrate layer with each of the NFET and PFET devices including gate electrodes formed over the silicon substrate; forming a pre-metallic dielectric (PMD) layer over the NFET and PFET devices and gate electrodes, wherein the first metal wiring layer is formed over the PMD layer; and forming contacts to extend through the PMD layer to electrically connect the gate electrodes of the NFET and PFET to the first metal wiring layer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one nanotube device includes at least one carbon nanotube FET formed over the first IMD layer with each carbon nanotube FET including a nanotube gate and source and drain areas, the method further comprising: forming a second inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer over the carbon nanotube FET and a portion of the first IMD layer covering the at least one CMOS device; forming a third inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer over the second IMD layer; forming vias through the third IMD layer and the second IMD layer to the first metal wiring layer, to the nanotube gate of each carbon nanotube FET, and to the source and drain areas of each carbon nanotube FET; forming metallic contacts in each of the vias; forming a second metal wiring layer including portions that are electrically connected to corresponding metallic contacts formed in the vias. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one carbon nanotube FET is formed by: forming a layer of nanotubes over the first IMD layer; forming a layer of nanotube gate dielectric material over the layer of nanotubes; forming a nanotube gate electrodes over the nanotube gate dielectric material; forming a liner material resistant to etching over the nanotube gate electrodes and nanotube gate dielectric material; forming the second IMD layer over the liner material; and forming the third IMD layer over the second IMD layer. 13. The method of claim 4, wherein the nanotube gate electric material serves as an etch stop for protecting the nanotubes during various removal procedures. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising integrating the formation of the at least one nanotube device into a back end process of a CMOS process flow to integrate the formation of nanotube and CMOS devices into the same CMOS process flow. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising forming integrated nanotube and CMOS devices on the same substrate for system-on-chip (SoC) applications having RF/analog circuitry based on nanotube devices and digital circuitry based on CMOS devices. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising forming the at least one nanotube devices as at least one carbon nanotube FET.
|
['H01L29775' 'H01L214763']
|
claim
|
12,352,284
|
PRESERVING MESSAGE ORDER USING A MESSAGE ORDERING MANAGER [SEP] [abstract] A method and system for preserving a message ordering while processing message are discussed. A message ordering manager records an order in which electronic messages arrive at an input queue. An application server processes the electronic messages out-of-order or in parallel. The message ordering manager commits the processed electronic messages in the order in which electronic messages arrive at an input queue. If a processed message cannot be committed because older message(s) are not completely processed, then application server determines whether processing older message(s) is critical or not. If the processing the older message(s) is critical, the application server rolls back the processed message and the older message(s). Otherwise, the message ordering manager commits the processed message before the older electronic messages are committed.
|
['G06F1516']
|
abstract
|
12,431,916
|
IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS AND CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR [SEP] [abstract] An image forming apparatus includes a latent image carrier, a latent image forming unit to form an electrostatic latent image on the latent image carrier, at least one developing device disposed to contact the latent image carrier to develop the latent image with developer stored therein, a cooling mechanism including at least one cooling device disposed close to the developing device to cool the developing device, a developer amount detector electrically connected to the developing device to detect an amount of the developer remaining in the developing device, and a cooling mechanism controller connected to the cooling mechanism to change a cooling power of the cooling mechanism according to a detection result generated by the developer amount detector. The developing device includes a rotary member whose shaft is rotationally supported by at least one bearing and is not to be supplied with new developer while any developer remains therein.
|
['G03G1508' 'G03G2120']
|
abstract
|
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