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Carolina Markowicz
Carolina Markowicz is a Brazilian film director and screenwriter, whose debut feature film Charcoal (Carvão) premiered in 2022.
Based in São Paulo, she directed a number of short films in her early career, most notably winning the Queer Palm at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival for The Orphan (O Órfão). She was subsequently a co-creator of the television series Nobody's Looking (Ninguém Tá Olhando).
Charcoal premiered in the Platform Prize program at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival.
Her second film, Toll (Pedágio), was screened in the Centrepiece program at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival, where Markowicz was named as the recipient of the Emerging Talent Award.
Filmography
* 69 Luz Square (69 Praça de Luz) — 2007
* Tatuapé Mahal Tower (Edifício Tatuapé Mahal) — 2014
* Postponed (Postegrados) — 2016
* Long Distance Relationship — 2017
* Spit — 2019
* The Orphan (O Órfão) — 2018
* Nobody's Looking (Ninguém Tá Olhando) — 2019
* Charcoal (Carvão) — 2022
* Toll (Pedágio) — 2023
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WIKI
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Environmental Earth Angels
The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 14:52, 13 December 2006 (UTC)
Environmental Earth Angels
* — (View AfD)
Non-noteable environmental group. A Google search] for "'Environmental Earth Angels' -wikipedia" yields 194 results. A Google news search yields zero. Compare to 2 million for Greenpeace, 33,000 for Taiga Rescue Network, or 707,000 for The Nature Conservancy. Consequentially 04:02, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Veinor (ヴエノル(talk)) 04:28, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. MER-C 06:13, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
* Delete, no media coverage except directories and press releases. Please don't consider # of google hits a qualifier for deletion, but evaluate what the hits are. Night Gyr (talk/Oy) 06:38, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per above. Cbrown1023 22:55, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Rails 6.1 adds support for multiple storage services to Active Storage
Rails 5.2 added a built-in solution for handling file uploads using Active Storage.
Let’s say, we have an Candidate model that has two attachments resume and cover_letter.
class Candidate < ApplicationRecord
has_one_attached :resume
has_one_attached :cover_letter
end
# Attach cover_letter to the candidate.
candidate = Candidate.last
candidate.cover_letter.attach(
io: File.open("path/to/cover_letter"),
filename: "cover_letter.txt",
content_type: "text/plain"
)
Before Rails 6.1, only one cloud storage service (Amazon S3, Google cloud storage, Microsoft Azure storage) could be used for overall application.
But, there could be cases where our application might require to upload images to different storage services.
In Rails 6.1
For the above example, let’s say we want to upload resume to Amazon S3 and cover_letter to Google cloud.
We need to pass service parameter to has_one_attached method as shown below:
class Candidate < ApplicationRecord
has_one_attached :resume, service: :amazon
has_one_attached :cover_letter, service: :google
end
In the above example, resume of the candidate is stored to amazon and cover_letter to google.
storage.yml can be configured as below for multiple storage services:
test:
service: Disk
root: <%= Rails.root.join("tmp/storage") %>
local:
service: Disk
root: <%= Rails.root.join("storage") %>
amazon:
service: s3
access_key_id: <%= Rails.application.credentials.dig(:aws, :access_key_id) %>
secret_access_key: <%= Rails.application.credentials.dig(:aws, :secret_access_key) %>
region: <%= Rails.application.credentials.dig(:aws, :aws_region) %>
bucket: <bucket_name>
google:
service: google_cloud
project: <project_name>
credentials: <%= Rails.root.join("path/to/gcs.keyfile") %>
bucket: <bucket_name>
NOTE:
• If the service is not specified the default service set in config/environments is used for storage.
• If specified service is not properly configured, has_one_attached would throw an error.
• If our project is already using Active Storage and when we upgrade to Rails 6.1, we should run rake app:update to make sure service_name column is added to the internal ActiveStorageBlob model.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:Ipanemo
Long time listener, first-time caller. Love European Renaissance paintings and illos, heavy metal, and Real Madrid. Mostly here for the punctuation.
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WIKI
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shangri-La Mactan Island Resort & Spa, Cebu
The result was no consensus. Jaranda wat's sup 19:50, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
Shangri-La Mactan Island Resort & Spa, Cebu
AfDs for this article:
* – (View AfD) (View log)
In violation of WP:NOT, with no referenced assertions of why it is notable. Russavia 18:41, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
* Keep - Being "the Philippines' largest and most exclusive deluxe resort" is most certainly an assertaion of notability, not to mention something that makes the topic notable. It's clear the nom is simply pasting the same sentence into every AfD in their hotel AfD spree without even reading the articles. --Oakshade 21:30, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* Comment It is widely written on WP that Articles that do not cite reliable published sources are likely to be deleted. This article, as well as EVERY article I have nominated do NOT cite multiple, reliable, non-trivial sources to establish notability, and hence, based upon those reasons alone, every AfD I have instigated is within warranted and within guidelines. And I stand by my nomination for this article. --Russavia 21:47, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* Comment Furthermore, the claim of notability of being the largest, is all well and good, I can claim that pigs can fly, but that doesn't make it true. And as per the article, its claim of being the largest is also hogwash, particular given this --Russavia 21:51, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* Response - The reliable source The Philippine Star says it is. That Waterfront Cabu City press release you cited doesn't even counter this article's (now referenced) claim. (You're not working for the Waterfront Cabu City Hotel & Casino, correct?) The claim was verifiable, but instead of tagging the article for a request for references from editors which would've been the responsible thing to do, you just went ahead and tried to delete it. Sorry, you don't own articles. --Oakshade 22:15, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* CommentAnd this reliable source proves that your source is wrong (and out of date by some 6 years by the looks of it). And I know I don't own the articles, but it is ultimately the responsibility of editors to source their material, and it is made clear that unsourced material can be disputed and removed at any stage. But the way that these Shangri-La articles have been presented, they all come across as spam, so open it up to discussion. By the way, I think we need to remove the Philippine Star from reliable sources? ;) --Russavia 22:37, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* Note to closing administrator. When the article was improved by an added reliable source being provided, the nominator deleted the referenced material and its reliable source, a very bad faith effort. For the benefit of editors, here is the referenced content...
* Shangri-La's Mactan Island Resort & Spa is a resort hotel owned by Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts located at the island of Mactan, Cebu. It is the Philippines' largest and most exclusive deluxe resort, equipped with 546 guest rooms & suites.
* Editors and the closing admin can make up their own mind from this information. --Oakshade 22:53, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* Rebuttal Cmon Oakshade, I added disputed tags to the article, which you then referenced and removed my dispute tags, but due to links provided here (where I notice you have yet to comment on) I removed the referenced assertion in the article based upon 2 sources stating that the hotel referenced in the talk page is in fact larger, which negates any sense of 'notability' a hotel may have from being 'large'. You reverted this, to which I have re-added dispute tags, which you AGAIN removed. If you cared to refer to the talk page, as the tag says, you wouldn't need to post the above. --Russavia 23:00, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* Further rebuttal, I also take offence at your claim of 'bad faith' edit, when in fact, the claim you put in the article was removed with a link in the talk page to anyother source affirming the 'largest' to the Waterfront Cebu. If anything, the edit was fully within zee rules, this is a case of you simply refusing to refer to the talk page. --Russavia 23:05, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* Refer to this edit Oakshade which was made a minute before I removed your content. I will be waiting for an apology from yourself. --Russavia 23:11, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* The first link on that talk page post is to a press release - if you think a press release is a reliable source, you need to brush up on Reliable sources.- The 2nd is simply an introduction to a news organization. --Oakshade 23:20, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
* If you would care to look at the edit made a couple of min after the correct link was provided. And this was before my last edit on the article (with a notation to refer to the talk page and before you posted what you did here. --Russavia 01:24, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
* If you would care to look at the edit made a couple of min after the correct link was provided. And this was before my last edit on the article (with a notation to refer to the talk page and before you posted what you did here. --Russavia 01:24, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
* Keep, president shows up to the opening = notable. Kappa
* Delete "Not Notable" means "Fails to demonstrate how it meets WP:N - which in this instance means "does not include two independent references to reliable sources". Only reference is a press release. I think if there was more to be found then Russavia would have by now.Garrie 21:52, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
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Talk:King Sejong the Great class destroyer/Archive 1
That image is an A/B class destroyer, not KDX-lll.
No, it really is a KDX-III. Note the Goalkeeper CIWS, which the US does not use. The article says they used the A. Burke as a basis. I must say, though, the number of VLS tubes appears to not match the article.
WP:MilHist Assessment
A very nice start. I'm not sure if there is much more to be said, particularly as (if I'm reading this right) no ships of this class have been completed, let alone seen action. But it might be nice to have some non-prose Specifications, either in just a regular text section, or in an infobox of some sort. LordAmeth 14:24, 4 August 2006 (UTC)
Class name
The Koreans certainly will not call the ship "Sejong the Great" as an english title is very unlikely: According to the article the name is 세종대왕. Can anyone provide a proper transcription of this? --Gunter.krebs 10:42, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
"King Sejong the Great" appears to be official. Please refer to President Roh Moo-hyun's speeches on the launch of the King Sejong the Great: http://english.president.go.kr/cwd/en/archive/archive_view.php?meta_id=en_speeches&id=f518c319364cffb45cef498b --Bin2k1 11:10, 7 October 2007 (UTC)
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Ieuan Hughes
Ieuan Arwel Hughes is a paediatric endocrinologist and an emeritus professor of paediatrics at the University of Cambridge. Hughes is most notable for long-standing research into disorders of sex development (DSD), established one of the largest and most comprehensive databases of cases of DSD including publishing the Consensus on DSD management framework which, barely eight years after its publication, is now already accepted worldwide as the framework for care of patients and families with DSD.
Career
Hughes was a professor of paediatrics at the University of Cambridge, and the head of the School of Clinical Medicine's Department of Paediatrics for 23 years before retiring as an emeritus professor. Throughout his career in paediatric endocrinology, he specialised in disorders of sex development (DSD); he created a comprehensive database of DSD cases and established international consensus-based guidelines for the management of these cases. He also founded and chaired the Clinical Committee of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and published over 230 original journal articles.
Societies
* Hughes was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998.
* Hughes was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales in 2011.
Awards and honours
* In 2014 he was awarded the James Spence Medal, the highest honour given by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.
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James Moir Ferres
James Moir Ferres (c. 1813 – April 21, 1870) was a journalist and political figure in Upper Canada.
He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in about 1813 and studied at Marischal College in Aberdeen. Ferres came to Montreal in 1833 and taught at Edward Black's school there. He then became director of the academy at Frelighsburg in the Eastern Townships. In 1835, he was a co-founder of the Missiskoui Standard, a weekly newspaper. In 1836, he returned to Montreal to work with the Montreal Herald; he became editor in 1839. As a Tory supporter, Ferres received a number of political appointments. He served as secretary of the Montreal Turnpike Trust from 1840 to 1842 and, from 1844 to 1848, he was a revenue inspector at Montreal. In 1848, Ferres became editor and chief owner of the Montreal Gazette; he remained editor until the paper was sold in 1854. He opposed the Rebellion Losses Bill of 1849 and was arrested but never prosecuted following the burning of the parliament buildings at Montreal. In 1854, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in East Missisquoi as a Conservative. He was elected in Brome in 1858.
He was named to the Board of Inspectors of Asylums and Prisons in 1861 and became chairman of the Board in 1868. In 1869, Ferres was named warden for Kingston Penitentiary; Ferres died in Kingston in 1870 and was buried at Lachine, Quebec.
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Finland–Italy relations
Finland-Italy relations are foreign relations between Finland and Italy. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1919. Finland has an embassy in Rome, Italy has an embassy in Helsinki. Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Council of Europe and the Eurozone.
The political relations between Finland and Italy are excellent according to the embassies of both nations. Italy supported Finland's NATO membership during Finland's accession into NATO, which was finalized on 4 April 2023. In August 2022, Italy fully approved Finland's application for NATO membership.
High level visits
In 1971, President of Finland Urho Kekkonen made a three-day state visit to Italy.
In 2012, Prime Minister of Italy Mario Monti visited Helsinki for meetings with Jyrki Katainen, Finland's prime minister.
In 2019, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland, Timo Soini met his Italian counterpart Enzo Moavero Milanesi in Rome.
In 2022, Prime Minister of Finland Sanna Marin visited Rome to meet with Italy’s Prime Minister Mario Draghi. During the meeting, the Italian Prime Minister gave his support to Finland and Sweden's decision to join NATO.
Trade
In 2020, Finland imported goods worth 1716 million Euros from Italy, making Italy the 10th largest importer to Finland.
In 2021 the total value of exported goods from Italy to Finland was 2.0 billion euros and Finland's exports to Italy amounted to 2.9 billion Euros. The most exported goods from Italy to Finland were machinery and transport equipment (807 million), chemical substances (242 million), and metals (150 million). Respectively, the most exported goods from Finland to Italy were machinery and transport equipment (1.5 billion), metals (652 million), and paper and cardboard products (259 million).
In Italy there are about 90 companies, which are at least partially owned by Finns. These companies include Wärtsilä, Kemira, Ahlström, Nokia, F-Secure, Kone, Metso, UPM, Stora Enso, Metsä Board, Fiskars-Iittala, Qvantel and Tapojärvi. In Finland companies owned by Italians include, Finnlines, Nautor’s Swan, Sako, Meiran paahtimo, Prysmianin and Prima Power.
Culture
Over 200 000 journeys to Italy are made by Finns yearly. The number of Finns with permanent residence in Italy is estimated to be 4 000 by the Finnish Embassy in Rome. In Italy the Finnish language can be studied in the University of Bologna, University of Florence and University of Naples. Additionally, the Finland Society organizes Finnish language courses open to everyone.
The Finnish Institute in Rome provides research opportunities, courses and residences for Finnish or Finland-based students and researchers. The institute focuses on ancient and medieval history, classical philology, classical archaeology, and art history.
The Italian Culture Institute in Helsinki offers Italian language courses, cultural events, and materials for advancement of Finland-Italy cultural relations.
Agreements
Agreements between Finland and Italy include
* Trade and Maritime Agreement, 1925 (amendment 1950, repeal of certain provisions 1988)
* Agreement on the Exchange of Marital Status Notices, 1928
* Agreement on the Legalization of Certificates of Origin, 1930
* Agreement on the Reciprocal Abolition of Medical and Consular Certificates, 1950
* Payment Agreement, 1951 (additional protocol 1953, additional agreement 1955)
* Agreement on the Removal of Entry Stamps, 1954 (amendment 1958)
* Trainee exchange agreements, 1962
* Agreement on the Customs Clearance and Taxation of Aircraft Used in Reciprocal Air Transport, 1973
* Agreement on Reciprocal Tax Relief for Cultural Institutions, 1974
* Agreement on Cultural and Scientific Cooperation, 1976
* Veterinary Agreement on the export of meat from Finland to Italy, 1976
* Agreement on the International Carriage of Goods by Road, 1977
* Tax Convention, 1983
* Air Transport Agreement, 1985
* Agreement on Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in Customs Matters, 1990
* Agreement on the Reciprocal Protection of Classified Information, 2008
European Union
Both countries belong to European route E45.
Resident diplomatic missions
* Finland has an embassy in Rome.
* Italy has an embassy in Helsinki.
Vice consulates
Italy also has an 4 vice-consulates in Joensuu, Jyväskylä, Oulu, Rovaniemi.
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WIKI
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List of battles involving the Maratha Confederacy
This is a list of the battles involving the Maratha Confederacy, and earlier the Maratha Rebellion under Shivaji till its dissolution in 1818.
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WIKI
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Paid Notice: Deaths CAPA, EDITH
CAPA-Edith, 88. The beloved wife of Cornell Capa, died at home in New York City on November 21 after a long illness. She was born in Budapest, Hungary, on May 3, 1913, the daughter of Lawrence and Hani Schwartz. Edith married Cornell Capa in 1940; in January 2001 they celebrate their sixty-first wedding anniversary. For more than 30 years Edith accompanied Cornell, a distinguished photographer for ''Life'' magazine and a member of the Magnum photo agency, on his assignments throughout the world. She also aided Cornell vitally in his projects that led, in 1974, to his founding of the International Center of Photography, in New York. For many years Edith single-handedly organized and maintained not only her husband's negatives and archives but also those of Cornell's late brother, Robert Capa, who was killed on assignment in Indochina in 1954. Furthermore, for hundreds of photographers from around the world Edith served as a kind of surrogate mother, always ready to provide a home away from home. Although Cornell and Edie have no children, they have a vast and loving extended family of honorary sons and daughters. Edie is survived by her husband, Cornell; by a sister, Miriam Siegel, of Lutz, FL; as well as by numerous nieces and nephews. Her funeral service will take place at Plaza Memorial Chapel, Amsterdam Avenue at 91 Street, in Manhattan, on Monday, November 26, at 11:00 AM. CAPA-Edith. The Trustees and staff of the International Center of Photography mourn the passing of the beloved wife of our Founder, Cornell Capa. His partner throughout a long and loving marriage, Edie also supported and nurtured the endeavors of all the ICP staff from the start of this institution. Her fierce commitment to the work of Cornell and the late Robert Capa, and the ''concerned'' photographers who inspired the founding of ICP, created the first archives of this institution and laid the foundation for the present-day collections. Her selfless dedication to ICP has been unwavering and an inspiration to us all. Held in the highest respect and affection, and always an important member of the ICP family, she will be deeply missed. Our heartfelt sympathy to Cornell and to Edie's many friends, whose great loss we share. Rita Hillman, Honorary Chair Gayle Greenhill, Chairman Raymond J. McGuire, President Willis Hartshorn, Director CAPA-Edith. Dear friend, soulmate to Cornell, lover of birds, dachshunds, and poodles, whose feisty spirit and courage inspired us all. Edie, we miss you already. Shirley and Yale Joel
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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How to create ggplot labels in R
Hi. I’m Sharon Machlis at IDG Communications, here with Episode 54 of Do More With R: Add text labels to your ggplot graphs.
Labeling all or some of your data with text can be helpful in telling a story – even when your graph is using other cues like color and size. ggplot has built-in ways of doing this. And, the ggrepel package adds some functionality to those. Let’s take a look at how those work.
For this demo, I’ll start with a scatter plot looking at known Covid-19 cases per capita in Massachusetts counties. Here I’m interested in whether percent of population with at least a 4-year college degree has any relationship to the virus infection rate. (My theory is that college education may mean you’re more likely to have a job that lets you work safely from home – although of course there are lots of exceptions).
If you want to follow along, you can get the code to re-create this data at the associated InfoWorld article.
In this code, I load 3 libraries I’ll need: ggplot2, ggrepel, and dplyr. I’m also setting scipen to 999 so I don’t get scientific notation in my graphs.
OK, let’s look at the data. I’ve got 7 variables. The ones I’m interested in are Place, Adult population, PctBachelors degree, known rate of Covid infections per 100,000 people, and region of the state.
The next group of code create a ggplot scatter plot with that data. In the first line, percent Bachelors degree is the x axis, and known rate of Covid per 100,000 people is the Y axis. I’m sizing my points by total county population and coloring them by region. geom_point() creates the scatter plot, geom_smooth() adds a linear regression line, and then I do some tweaking to the ggplot design defaults. The graph is stored in a variable called ma_graph. Let’s see what that looks like.
To see which counties are what points, I can add labels. Here’s what the default geom_text() function produces.
geom_text() uses the same color and size aesthetics as the graph by default. Sizing the text makes the small points’ labels hard to read. I can stop that behavior by setting size to NULL. It’s still hard to read the labels with them right over the points, so I can “nudge” them a bit higher with the nudge_y argument. It looks like some of the text is cut off, but that’s partly the display pane size That’s a bit better. There’s another built-in ggplot labeling function called geom_label, which adds a box around the text.
That’s all fine when your points are well spaced out. But what if they’re not? I added a fake data point close to Middlesex County so you can see what I mean. Let me create the same graph with the new fake data. Do you see the points near each other now at the right of the graph? Let’s add labels now. You can see that by default, the “Middlesex” and “Fake” labels are on top of each other.
ggrepel has its own versions of those text and label geom functions: geom_text_repel() and geom_label_repel(). Here’s the default text ggrepel automatically moved the “Fake” label below its point so the text isn’t overlapping anymore. This is what geom_label_repel() looks like. I set color to NULL to make it a bit easier to see the label text. I can use the same nudge_y arguments to create more space between the labels and the points You can see that geom_label_repel even added little pointer lines for Middlesex and Fake.
I can label only some of the points I want viewers to focus on. One way is by subsetting the data within the geom_label_repel() function, as you can see in the last line of code. Now only the Metro Boston points are labelled.
There’s a lot of customization you can do with ggrepel. For example, you can set the size and color of those pointer lines. Segment.size sets the line width, and segment.color sets the line color. Direction says whether overlapping text should be shifted along the x axis – that is, horizontally – y axis (vertically), or both.
You can even turn those lines into arrows with the arrow argument, as in the second code block.
One more point: You can also use ggrepel to label lines if you have a multi-series line graph.
I loaded another data frame, mydf, with quarterly unemployment data for 4 US states. It’s got 3 columns: the Rate, the State, and the Quarter. I’ll make a ggplot graph and save it to the variable graph2. It’s a little hard here to see which line goes with what state; you have to look back and forth between the lines and the legend. So, I’d like to add a text label for each line. And I’d like it to point to “just before the end of each line” and not at the end of each line.
To do that, I’m going to point my labels to the 2nd-to-last quarter and not the last quarter, so I’ll calculate what that is. Now I’ll add geom_label_repel() just for the data in the second-to-last quarter – that’s the filtered data in my first argument. Next I’m telling geom_label_repel() to use the State column as the label, to “nudge” the data .75 horizontally, and to remove all the other data points. Finally, I’m getting rid of the graph’s default legend, since I won’t need it anymore. And now I have my labels for each line.
Why not label the last quarter? I tried that first, and the pointer lines looked like part of the graph.
If you want to find out more about ggrepel, check out the ggrepel vignette.
That’s it for this episode, thanks for watching! For more R tips, head to the Do More With R page at bit-dot-l-y slash do more with R, all lowercase except for the R
You can also find the Do More With R playlist on YouTube’s IDG Tech Talk channel — where you can subscribe so you never miss an episode. Hope to see you next time. Stay healthy and safe, everyone!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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BLOG ARTICLE
Last updated: 24.07.17
First aid: 6 life-saving steps if you're first on the scene of an accident
First aid: 6 life-saving steps if you're first on the scene of an accident
Please note that the information on this page is for general information only and does not qualify you as an official first aider. Virtual College always advises calling 999 in the first instance at the scene of an emergency.
The first person on the scene of an accident is unlikely to be a trained professional. However, they are still critical to the outcome for the people involved in the incident, and possibly for helping to recover casualties.
As a result, undergoing health and safety training and having a basic understanding of first aid protocol could prove life-saving.
At Virtual College, we have a range of health and safety e-learning courses designed to improve knowledge in this area, including first aid procedures.
If you're first on the scene of an incident, it may be useful to remember the DR(S) ABC acronym, as this stands for Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing and Circulation, as these six life-saving steps can be a significant help before the emergency services arrive.
Here, we're going to take a look at each of these six life-saving steps:
Step 1: Identify and mitigate potential dangers
The hazard involved in the accident could still be a danger to the casualty, as well as other people nearby, and even yourself as the first responder. You therefore need to make sure the area is safe before you begin administering first aid. For example, if it's a road traffic accident, you may need to try to block traffic, while if the incident involved a machine, it will need switching off.
Step 2: Call for help
Don't try to deal with the aftermath of an accident alone; the outcome is far more likely to be positive if you call for help. This means one person can give first aid, while another can halt traffic and call the emergency services. However, you should not leave the scene until you have determined the condition of any casualties.
Step 3: Check for a response
Check to see if the casualty is responsive by firstly talking to them loudly and clearly. If you do not receive a reply, gently shake their shoulders or give their earlobe a pinch to try to initiate a response. An earlobe pinch is likely to be the safest option if a severe bodily injury is suspected.
If you still do not receive a response, move onto step 4. If you are dealing with multiple casualties, those that appear unresponsive must take priority.
Step 4: Check the casualty's airway
If the casualty is responsive, you may be able to help them to clear their airway, but if they are not, you will need to place them into a position that ensures the airway is open.
To do this, gently place your hand on their forehead, tilting their head backwards to naturally open their mouth. Use two fingers from your other hand to lift their chin and create an unobstructed airway.
If a spinal injury is suspected, avoid tilting their head back. Instead, use two hands to carefully lift their jaw, which will help to clear their airway.
Step 5: Check the casualty is breathing
Once the airway is unobstructed, you need to check that the casualty is breathing normally, using one of the following methods:
• Listen to their chest and mouth to see if you can hear the casualty breathing
• Watch to see if the chest rises and falls normally
• Feel for breaths being taken by placing your cheek beside the casualty’s mouth
If the casualty is not breathing, call 999 immediately to request the emergency services. Chest compressions should then be given, as well as rescue breaths in accordance with CPR best practice if the responder is confident doing so. For more information, check out our guide on how to perform CPR in four easy steps here.
Step 6: Check the casualty's circulation
The final step in the first aid primary survey is to identify any major bleeding, which you should try to stem by applying pressure with your fingers or clothing. If it is a limb that is bleeding, raise it above heart level to reduce the flow of blood.
You must also make sure 999 has been called and try to prevent the casualty from going into shock, as knowing they are bleeding can make people panic.
If the casualty is responsive, you should also try to use the time before the emergency services arrive to establish more details about the incident, as this could be helpful when they do arrive, especially if the casualty later falls unconscious.
To learn more about first aid protocol, take a first aid e-learning course from Virtual College. Find out more here.
Related resources
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Verla, Goa
Verla is a village in the Bardez sub-district of Goa. It is located on the outskirts of Mapusa town.
Verla has an area of 354.35 hectare. At the 2011 official census of Goa, there were 858 households with a population of 3,685 (1,890 are males and 1,795 females). Its under-six population was 403 (206 boys and 197 girl)s.
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Page:William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England (3rd ed, 1768, vol II).djvu/297
Ch. 18. V. next kind of forfeitures are thoe by breach or non-performance of a condition annexed to the etate, either exprely by deed at it's original creation, or impliedly by law from a principle of natural reaon. Both which we conidered at large in a former chapter.
VI. now proceed to another pecies of forfeiture, viz. by wate. Wate, vatum, is a poil or detruction in houes, gardens, trees, or other corporeal hereditaments, to the diherion of him that hath the remainder or reverion in fee-imple or fee-tail.
is either voluntary, which is a crime of commiion, as by pulling down a houe; or it is permiive, which is a matter of omiion only, as by uffering it to fall for want of neceary reparations. Whatever does a lating damage to the freehold or inheritance is wate. Therefore removing waincot, floors, or other things once fixed to the freehold of a houe, is wate. If a houe be detroyed by tempet, lightening, or the like, which is the act of providence, it is no wate: but otherwie, if the houe be burnt by the carelenes or negligence of the leee; though now by the tatute 6 Ann. c. 31. no action will lie againt a tenant for an accident of this kind. Wate may alo be committed in ponds, dove-houes, warrens, and the like; by o reducing the number of the creatures therein, that there will not be ufficient for the reverioner when he comes to the inheritance. Timber alo is part of the inheritance. Such are oak, ah, and elm in all places: and in ome particular countries, by local cutom, where other trees are generally ued for building, they are thereupon conidered as timber; and to cut down uch trees, or top them, or do any other adl whereby the timber may decay, is wate. But underwood the tenant may cut down at Rh
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I am building a custom Linux Image using Yocto Zeus (5.4 Kernel). On loading and checking the various functionalities of the Image, I am not able to exit some of the processes such as ping, tail -f in interactive mode. I am trying Ctrl+C but the shell does not seem to accept the interrupt even though I can see ^C^C in the terminal. As a result I have to either reload the box or run in non-interactive mode.
The same image when built in Yocto Thud (4.19 Kernel) is working fine.
Can anyone provide inputs on which code/config can be checked?
Edit1: The following is my stty -a output
rootuser:~# stty -a speed 9600 baud; rows 0; columns 0; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = ; eol2 = ; swtch = ; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; discard = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd -cmspar cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread clocal -crtscts -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon ixoff -iuclc -ixany -imaxbel iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon -iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke -flusho -extproc
The intr is set to ^C yet not able to terminate.
I used Ping in non-interactive mode and tried to stop using Ctrl+c, but no luck
1
• The shell does not relay SIGINT. The tty, if configured properly, sends SIGINT to the foreground process group, where ping or tail may be. See man 1 stty where it mentions intr. Compare the output of stty -a. The shell can spawn a process (processes) in its own process group or in a separate one, and then it informs the terminal which group should be considered the foreground one. Read this. I cannot help you further, but now your research will not be biased by a false premise that SIGINT is relayed via the shell. Commented Sep 17, 2020 at 6:27
1 Answer 1
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From what I see, Zeus image was using the agetty binary from util-linux for the getty binary, while Thud was using the one from busy box. Once I removed the util-linux agetty the tty processes seems to work fine.
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Document Type
Dissertation
Date of Degree
2013
Degree Name
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)
Degree In
Neuroscience
First Advisor
Donna L. Hammond
Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant healthcare problem. It is disabling and diminishes quality of life. Opioids, such as morphine, remain a primary pharmacologic management for chronic pain. Opioids act at mu opioid receptors (MOPr) in the rostroventral medial medulla (RVM) to produce their analgesic effect. The RVM is a critical relay in pain inhibitory and facilitatory pathways of pain modulation. Furthermore, chronic inflammatory pain, produced by CFA hindpaw injection, leads to adaptive changes in the RVM that change the balance of these pathways and increase the potency of opioids.
MOPr are known to produce their effects via Gi/o proteins.
Pretreatment of several pain modulatory regions with pertussis toxin (PTX) effectively attenuates the antinociceptive effects of MOPr agonists, such as DAMGO. In the RVM, PTX effectively reduced DAMGO stimulated GTPãS binding in uninjured rats. However, despite their effective inactivation of Gi/o proteins, PTX did not diminish the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO in the RVM of uninjured rats. In contrast, in rats with a chronic inflammatory injury, PTX completely abolished the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO. These results suggest a transition from Gi/o independent to Gi/o dependent mechanisms following CFA treatment. In addition, the anti-hyperalgesic effects of DAMGO were not inhibited by PTX, suggesting that DAMGO produces anti-hyperalgesia and antinociception by different mechanisms.
In the RVM, MOPr are present both postsynaptically and presynaptically. Postsynaptic MOPr are thought to produce antinociception by activating GIRK channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and inhibition of pain facilitatory neurons. Indeed, inhibition of GIRK channels in the RVM, via microinjection of tertiapin-Q, attenuated the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO in uninjured rats, providing the first behavioral evidence that MOPr agonists produce analgesia via this proposed mechanism. Interestingly, however, tertiapin-Q did not block the anti-hyperalgesic effects of DAMGO, nor did it diminish the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO in the contralateral hindpaw of CFA treated rats. Furthermore, these differential effects of tertiapin-Q in the uninjured and injured rats are not the result of transcriptional down regulation of GIRK channels in the RVM. Finally, tertiapin-Q alone in the RVM produced a modest antinociception in uninjured rats, providing the first evidence of constitutive GIRK channel activity in the RVM and demonstrating a role for these in pain modulation.
Presynaptic MOPr are thought to produce antinociception by decreasing GABA release onto pain inhibitory neurons. Indeed, microdialysis studies demonstrated that levels of GABA release were decreased in response to DAMGO perfused into the RVM, as well as to high potassium after perfusion of DAMGO. However, they were not decreased in rats after CFA treatment. This suggests that chronic inflammatory injury alters the presynaptic actions of MOPr agonists in the RVM. Interestingly, levels of GLU release where not altered by DAMGO in uninjured or injured rats. Moreover, basal levels of GLU and GABA were also unaltered by CFA treatment.
In conclusion, although MOPr mediate their antinociceptive effects in other pain modulatory regions via Gi/o proteins, this is not the case in the RVM during an uninjured state. However, MOPr-induced antinociception transitions from Gi/o independent to Gi/o dependent mechanisms after CFA treatment. Additionally, these results support both the presynaptic and the postsynaptic postulates by which MOPr agonists are thought to produce their analgesic effects. However, although CFA treatment alters the activity of neurons in the RVM and promotes changes that result in an enhanced anti-hyperalgesic and antinociceptive response to DAMGO in the RVM, neither the postsynaptic nor the presynaptic mechanism, in isolation, seem to account for this enhancement.
Keywords
CFA, DAMGO, GIRK, Microdialysis, Opioid, RVM
Pages
xiii, 140 pages
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages 127-140).
Copyright
Copyright 2013 Marlene Cano
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Talk:Resuscitator
External link to a blog
While I generally refrain from referencing blogs, I believe that the blog page listed in External links -- "1907: The first mechanical ventilator: The Pulmotor," John Bottrell (registered respiratory therapist), April 19, 2017, Asthma History blog, retrieved April 12, 2020 -- is a reasonably valid and valuable reference because:
* The blog's author is (at least by his own identification, which appears credible and not extraordinary) a "registered respiratory therapist" -- professional qualification appropriate to the topic.
* The "Pulmotor" is an item from long ago, for which there is relatively little photographic or early-source reference online.
* The article contains detailed photography of actual manufacturers' and distributors' public representations of the Pulmotor.
* The blog provides a collection of technical and historical detail beyond what is commonly available online, in any one place, but is generally consistent with the limited bits of info scattered across various other, more traditional, sources.
* The product under discussion is out-of-production, and out-of-use, long, long ago -- and thus there is no plausible conflict-of-interest that any current author is likely to have regarding this topic (with the exception of the corporation that invented the Pulmotor, Drager, whose detailed online booklet is listed in "External links").
* ~ Penlite (talk) 12:59, 14 April 2020 (UTC)
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User:Scouter6495
hi im scouter6495 and im very interested in any theories such as the intelligence design big bang theory etc. I'm going to hav questions in the near future about these nd this is a heads up so if u hav any new information or an interesting theory im asking that u will send it to me so i can check it out thank you.
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Shiny Publish problem
#1
Hi,
I have a problem publishing my Rshiny app to shinyapps.io
Here is the error:
Preparing to deploy application...DONE
Uploading bundle for application: 609021...Error in inferAppPrimaryDoc(appPrimaryDoc = appPrimaryDoc, appFiles = appFiles, :
Application mode static requires at least one document.
Calls: <Anonymous> ... withStatus -> force -> bundleApp -> inferAppPrimaryDoc
Execution halted
Can someone help me?
Weichen
#2
Solved.
At first, I simply execute the shiny.R (the whole code)
Wrong! Try this.
Create two r files under the same directory.
ui.R
server.R
and then executive shiny.R
You would see an amazing thing happen.
#3
But now, I have another problem.
I can publish it, but the app cannot show the graphs.
I check the log and it says,
Warning: Error in : Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data (1): x, y, label, vjust, fill
Also, there is another warning, Warning in Ops.factor(Year, start) : ‘>=’ not meaningful for factors.
It is pretty strange, because when I run the app on my own laptop, it works super well.
Please help...
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User:Manoj kulhari
Name: Manoj kulhari Nikk name: Mahi Village: Norangpura(Churu) ,rajasthan Height:183cm Weight:80kg
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Q-in-Q (Dot1q) Tunnelling
Stacking VLANs
Separating traffic by VLAN is nothing new. It may be separate departments, to provide boundaries, for security, or for a thousand other reasons.
The Tagged, Untagged, and Native VLANs article introduces how VLAN tags work. As shown below, a frame has a VLAN tag inserted to identify the VLAN it belongs to.
Service Providers need to keep customer traffic separated. There are different ways to achieve this, depending on the provider link type. To achieve this at layer 2, we can use Q-in-Q tagging to insert an extra VLAN tag. This results in VLAN tags being ‘stacked’ in the frame.
The result is a frame with two tags; the customer tag (AKA, the C-TAG) and the service-provider tag (AKA, S-TAG):
This can be called VLAN stacking, Q-in-Q tunnels, or dot1q tunnels. The ‘Q-in-Q’ comes from the 802.1Q VLAN specification.
Q-in-Q also helps providers to save money. When a provider gets a new customer, they have to provide a port into their core or aggregation network. These ports are likely to be 1Gbps, but the provider may be selling only 10Mbps services. The result is a waste of bandwidth. Instead, the provider could have an edge switch connected to the core port. Then, 100 10M customers could connect to the core port, separated by VLANs.
Another use for Q-in-Q is for a provider to pass traffic over an upstream provider’s network. For example, a small provider may have networks on the east and west coasts of a country. An upstream provider can bridge these two networks. Q-in-Q allows the smaller provider to pass layer-2 traffic over the intermediate provider.
Although usually associated with providers, enterprises may have a use for tunnels as well. Some examples include mergers between different companies with overlapping VLANs, or converging separate offices. One use case that’s becoming more popular is when connecting to the public cloud. If you want to connect a data centre to Azure or AWS, you will need a service provider. They provide the physical links, which would usually be deployed at layer-2. The links can be trunked, or they will likely offer you the option of running Q-in-Q.
Configuration
Q-in-Q in VIRL
Older versions of VIRL do not support Q-in-Q tunnels. If you’re using VIRL, use a newer version.
To test this out, we’ll use the topology below. There’s no special config on the routers. They are just there as a place to ping from. They’re basically simulating hosts.
The Edge switches also use a standard config. The ports facing the routers are access ports. The ports facing the ISP equipment are trunk ports.
The configuration is quite simple. We’re using VLAN 123 as the S-TAG, so we start by defining that. We don’t need to define the customer VLANs on the ISP switches.
The link between the ISP’s is a normal trunk link. This has a slightly larger MTU to account for the extra VLAN tag.
The customer-facing port uses the S-TAG as the access VLAN. The switchport mode is set to dot1q-tunnel. When traffic arrives on this port, an extra VLAN tag is added, even if there is already one there.
Example – ISP1
vlan 123
name S-TAG
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
description ** To ISP2 **
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
mtu 1504
interface GigabitEthernet0/3
description ** To Customer **
switchport access vlan 123
switchport mode dot1q-tunnel
But what about traffic that normally uses the native VLAN? CDP and STP for example?
These can be tunnelled across the network with a few simple commands
STP and CDP Tunneling
interface GigabitEthernet0/3
l2protocol-tunnel cdp
l2protocol-tunnel stp
Verification
Find interfaces configured with Q-in-Q
ISP1#show dot1q-tunnel
dot1q-tunnel mode LAN Port(s)
-----------------------------
Gi0/3
Check the interface mode and S-Tag
ISP1#show interfaces gi 0/3 switchport | include Mode
Administrative Mode: tunnel
Operational Mode: tunnel
Access Mode VLAN: 123 (VLAN0123)
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Capture Mode Disabled
See which protocols are tunnelled
ISP1#show l2protocol summary
COS for Encapsulated Packets: 5
Drop Threshold for Encapsulated Packets: 0
Port Protocol Shutdown Drop Status
Threshold Threshold
(cdp/lldp/stp/vtp)(cdp/lldp/stp/vtp) (cdp/lldp/stp/vtp)
(pagp/lacp/udld) (pagp/lacp/udld) (pagp/lacp/udld)
------------------- ---------------- --------------------- --------------------- -----------
Gi0/3 cdp ---- stp --- ----/----/----/---- ----/----/----/---- up
---- ---- ---- ----/----/---- ----/----/----
Confirm end-to-end connectivity
CustA-Rtr1#ping 172.16.0.102
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.102, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/11 ms
References
Network Lessons – 802.1Q Tunneling (Q-in-Q) Configuration Example
Darren’s Blog – Fun with QinQ
Packet Life – IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling
Packet Life – Layer two protocol tunneling
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 37 Part 1.djvu/366
SIXTY·SECOND CONGRESS. Sess. II. Ch. 335. 1912. 343 Naval to o station, Newport, Rhode Island: New ower house T°*P¢°¤ •*•¤¤¤· toward b (cost not to exceed sixty thousand lilollars) and N°wp°"' KL equipping (cost not to exceed one hundred and twenty thousand dollars), to complete, one hundred and twenty thousand dollars; pzlnng, Eve thousand dollars; extension of fresh-water, eteam- $1-Hg, and conduit systems, ten thousand dollars; in all, one huiizdrg and thirty-five tlliousand dolllprs. Hi h M 8V ¤¤¤g`¤·¤1¤¢ Hung am, usetts: Im rovement of chan- “‘ “"·~ ”“·· gel, forty tliausgftnd dollars one magazine}: thirteen thousand mw mgmm o ars; in, y- thousand o ais. Naval magazine, Kuahua, Hawaii: Dock, twenty-five thousand ¤•$:ihn`s°§•ll1;:°ii' dollars; primer house, five thousand dollars; one magazine twenty· five thousand dollars; loaded-shell house, thirt thousand dollars; fixed-ammumtion house, twenty-five thousand dollars; high-explosive house, five thousand dollars · railroad tracks and scales, ten thousand dollars; electric power mstallation, five thousand five hundred dollars; one $nner’s quarters, seven thousand dollars; fresh-water siystem, ten ousand dollars; machinery and tools, Eve thousand ollars; m all, _0ne hundred iift3·two thousand five hundred dollars. Kn M Marine Barracks, Philad hia, Pennsylvania: One additional fire- ran¤ie1pi.s:°£°h‘ proof barracks, one hundred and seventy-Eve thousand dollars. The Secretary of the Navy is authorized, in his discretion, to groaut w§,§{“" °°'"‘€’· a permanent ngt of way for a aublic road across the Marine 3: wQ¤¤a*g¤m_:i$;=_;mM reservation m _ tsap County, ashington, in consideration of _ csi-spousal. ° permanent closing o the aplresent public road across this reservation t8tli1¤S:ratgn:·femng of right, title, and interest therein to the m a For the purchase of the necessary land required in the developénent %l€°»»?¤?pi!?:°l§»lil:°vh pf a nile range in the vicinity of the naval station, Bremerton, ash- '““°“· mggg, seven thousand dollars. _ ams asn rsnssnvariox yr navy rams Arm srarrousz For e,$§5$'Q`? “"’ """ Epaus reservation at navy yards and stations, eight hundred ousan oHars. · Total public works, navy yards, naval stations, naval proving gounds and magazines, Naval Academy, Naval Observatoig, an h arxefgrpls, four million six hundred twenty-three thousan three un e dollars. sunmau or immcmm AND stmoznr. nnlliugiliileiiilmiclua Mmmcar. Dsranmmm: For surgeons’ necessarics for vessels in ,,,";,‘§;‘°°“’° “°°°* commission, navy yards, naval stations Marine Corps, and for the C**’u°¤°¤°*¥*¤¤*°¤*· civil establishment at the several naval hospitals, navy yards naval medical supply depots, Naval Medical Schoo, Washington, and Naval Academy, our hundred and thirty thousand dollars. can , , Ccivrmcmvr, BUREAU or Mmmcmn nm Sunosnr: For tolls and ' ferriages; care, transportation, and burial of the dead; purchase of books and stationery, binding of medical records, unbound books, and pamphlets; hygienic and sanitary investigation and illustration; sanitary and hygienic instruction; purchase and repairs of wxfons, automobile ambulances, and harness; purchase of and_ fee for horses and cows; trees plants, garden tools, and seeds; incidental articles for the Naval Medical School and naval dispensary, Washington; rent of rooms for naval.dispensary, Wsshixégton, District of Co umbia, not to exceed one thousand two hundredollars; navalmedical suppl depots, sick quarters at Naval Acadexiily and marine barracks; waiing for medical department at Naval edical School and naval dispensary, Washington; naval medical supply depots, sick quarters at Naval Academy and marine barracks, dispensaries at navy \gq.rds and naval stations, and ships; and for minor reggnrs onbuildmgs an grounds of the United States Naval Medical hool and naval 876lS°—vo1:. 37-rr 1——24
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ENZO BIOCHEM, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GEN-PROBE INCORPORATED, and Chugai Pharma U.S.A., Inc. and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Biomerieux, Inc., and Becton Dickinson and Company, Defendants-Appellees, and Biomerieux SA, Defendant.
No. 01-1230.
United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit.
DECIDED: April 2, 2002.
Richard L. DeLucia, Kenyon & Kenyon, of New York, NY, argued for plaintiff-appellant. With him on the brief were Charles A. Weiss, and Bradley S. Corsello.
William F. Lee, Hale and Dorr LLP, of Boston, MA, argued for defendants-appel-lees. With him on the brief was William G. McElwain. Of counsel on the brief were Robert J. Gunther, Jr., and Jeffrey A. Tochner, Latham & Watkins, of New York, NY, for Chugai Pharma U.S.A., Inc. and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Of counsel was Kurt M. Rogers. Of counsel on the brief were Daniel A. Boehnen, and Joshua R. Rich, McDonnell Boehnen Hul-bert & Berghoff, of Chicago, IL, for Biom-erieux, Inc. Of counsel on the brief were Donald R. Ware and Barbara A. Fiacco, Foley Hoag & Eliot LLP, of Boston, MA, for Becton Dickinson and Company.
Before LOURIE, DYK and PROST, Circuit Judges.
Opinion for the court filed by LOURIE, Circuit Judge. Dissenting opinion filed by Circuit Judge DYK.
LOURIE, Circuit Judge.
Enzo Biochem, Inc. appeals from the decision of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granting Gen-Probe Incorporated, Chugai Pharma U.S.A., Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Biomerieux, Inc., Biomerieux SA, and Becton Dickinson and Company’s (collectively, “the defendants”) motion for summary judgment that claims 1-6 of U.S. Patent 4,900,659 are invalid for failure to meet the written description requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 1. Enzo Biochem, Inc. v. Gen-Probe Inc., No. 99 Civ. 4548 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 4, 2001) (final order). Because the district court did not err in its conclusion that there were no genuine issues of material fact and that the defendants were entitled to judgment as a matter of law, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
Enzo is the assignee of the '659 patent, which is directed to nucleic acid probes that selectively hybridize to the genetic material of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. N. gonor-rhoeae reportedly has between eighty and ninety-three percent homology with Neisseria meningitidis. '659 patent, col. 2,11. 61-64. Such a high degree of homology has made detection of N. gonorrhoeae difficult, as any probe capable of detecting N. gonorrhoeae may also show a positive result when only N. meningitidis is present. Enzo recognized the need for a chromosomal DNA probe specific for N. gonor- rhoeae, and it derived three such probes that preferentially hybridized to six common strains of N. gonorrhoeae over six common strains of N. meningitidis. Id. at col. 3, 1. 49 to col. 4, 1. 14; col. 4, 11. 45-50. The inventors believed that if the preferential hybridization ratio of N. gonor-rhoeae to N. meningitidis were greater than about five to one, then the “discrete nucleotide sequence will hybridize to virtually all strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and to no strain of Neisseria meningitid-is.” Id. at col. 12, 11. 60-65. The three probes that the inventors actually derived had a selective hybridization ratio of greater than fifty. Id. at col. 13,11. 9-15. Enzo deposited those probes in the form of a recombinant DNA molecule within an E. coli bacterial host at the American Type Culture Collection. Id. at col. 13,11. 27-31.
Claim 1, in relevant part, is as follows:
1. A composition of matter that is specific for Neisseria gonorrhoeae comprising at least one nucleotide sequence for which the ratio of the amount of said sequence which hybridizes to chromosomal DNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the amount of said sequence which hybridizes to chromosomal DNA of Neisseria meningitidis is greater than about five, said ratio being obtained by a method comprising the following [sic] steps;
Id. at col. 27, 11. 29-36 (emphasis added). The method steps that follow are directed to obtaining the claimed ratio. Id. at col. 27, 1. 37 to col. 28, 1. 26. Claim 4 is directed to the deposited probes (referenced by their accession numbers) and variations thereof as follows:
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said nucleotide sequences are selected from the group consisting of:
a.the Neisseria gonorroheae [sic] DNA insert of ATCC 53409, ATCC 53410 and ATCC 53411, and discrete nucleotide subsequences thereof,
b. mutated discrete nucleotide sequences of any of the foregoing inserts that are within said hybridization ratio and subsequences thereof; and
c. mixtures thereof.
Id. at col. 28,11. 31-39. Claim 6 is directed to a method of conducting a hybridization assay with the deposited probes and variations thereof. Id. at col. 28, 11. 47-56.
Enzo sued the defendants for infringement of the '659 patent, and the defendants moved for summary judgment that the claims were invalid for failure to meet the written description requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 1. The district court, in oral remarks from the bench, granted that motion. Tr. of Hr’g at 42, Enzo Biochem, Inc. v. Gen-Probe, Inc., No. 99-CV-4548 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 24, 2001) (“Enzo Hearing”). It concluded that the claimed composition of matter was defined only by its biological activity or function, viz., the ability to hybridize to N. gonorrhoeae in a ratio of better than about five with respect to N. meningitidis, which was insufficient to satisfy the § 112, ¶ 1 requirement set forth in this court’s holdings in Regents of the University of California v. Eli Lilly & Co., 119 F.3d 1559, 43 USPQ2d 1398 (Fed.Cir.1997), Fiers v. Revel, 984 F.2d 1164, 25 USPQ2d 1601 (Fed.Cir.1993), and Amgen, Inc. v. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., 927 F.2d 1200, 18 USPQ2d 1016 (Fed.Cir.1991). Id. at 28. The court rejected Enzo’s argument that the reference in the specification to the deposits of biological materials in a public depository inherently disclosed that the inventors were in possession of the claimed sequences. Id. at 35. It distinguished this court’s cases concerning deposits as relating to the enablement requirement of § 112, ¶ 1. Id. at 38-40. Enzo appealed to this court; we have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1).
DISCUSSION
Summary judgment is appropriate when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R.Civ.P. 56(c); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). On motion for summary judgment, the court views the evidence and any disputed factual issues in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). A patent is presumed to be valid, 35 U.S.C. § 282 (1994), and this presumption can only be overcome by facts supported by clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, see, e.g., WMS Gaming, Inc. v. Int’l Game Tech., 184 F.3d 1339, 1355, 51 USPQ2d 1385, 1396-97 (Fed.Cir.1999). “[C]ompliance with the written description requirement is a question of fact .... ” Vas-Cath Inc. v. Mahurkar, 935 F.2d 1555, 1563, 19 USPQ2d 1111, 1116 (Fed.Cir.1991).
Enzo argues that its expert, Dr. Wet-mer, raised a genuine factual issue that the disclosure inherently described the claimed nucleotide sequences, and that the court erred in bypassing the factual inquiry mandated by Vas-Cath and granting summary judgment solely on the basis of the patent’s disclosure. Enzo also argues that its description of the binding affinity of the claimed nucleotide sequences satisfies the requirement set forth in the Guidelines for Examination of Patent Applications Under the 35 U.S.C. 112, ¶ 1 “Written Description” Requirement, 66 Fed. Reg. 1,099 (Jan. 5, 2001) (“Guidelines”). Enzo asserts that the court erred in not evaluating the patentability of the claims separately, pointing out that claims 4 and 6 are directed to the three deposited probes and variations and mixtures thereof. Enzo further asserts that the claims per se meet the written description requirement because they appear in ipsis verbis in the written description. Enzo also argues that this court’s articulation of the written description requirement for genetic material in Eli Lilly should not apply to this case because Enzo reduced the invention to practice and deposited the derived biological materials, thereby demonstrating its “possession” of the invention.
The defendants respond that the district court properly granted summary judgment because the patent described the claimed nucleotide sequences only by their function, which is insufficient to meet the requirement of § 112, ¶ 1 as a matter of law under Eli Lilly, even for the narrower claims directed to the deposited materials. The defendants also assert that the expert’s opinion that the deposited genetic materials could actually have been sequenced did not cure the actual failure of the inventors to identify them by some distinguishing characteristic such as their structure. The defendants argue that a description of the claimed genus of nucleotide sequences by its hybridization ratio does not satisfy § 112, ¶ 1 under this court’s case law and the Guidelines. The defendants also urge that in ipsis verbis support for the claims in the specification does not per se establish compliance with the written description requirement. Finally, the defendants assert that the district court did not err in its determination that Enzo’s “possession” of three nucleotide sequences that it reduced to practice and deposited nevertheless did not satisfy the written description requirement of § 112, ¶ 1.
The written description requirement of § 112, ¶ 1 is set forth as follows:
The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention.
35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 1 (1994) (emphasis added). We have interpreted that section as requiring a “written description” of an invention separate from enablement. Vas-Cath, 935 F.2d at 1563, 19 USPQ2d at 1117 (recognizing the severability of the “written description” and “enablement” provisions of § 112, ¶ 1). Compliance with the written description requirement is essentially a fact-based inquiry that will “necessarily vary depending on the nature of the invention claimed.” Id (citing In re DiLeone, 58 C.C.P.A. 925, 436 F.2d 1404, 1405, 168 USPQ 592, 593 (1971)). We have also previously considered the written description requirement as applied to certain biotechnology patents, in which a gene material has only been defined by a statement of function or result and have held that such a statement did not adequately describe the claimed invention. Eli Lilly, 119 F.3d at 1568, 43 USPQ2d at 1406. In Eli Lilly, we concluded that a claim to a microorganism containing a human insulin cDNA was not adequately described by a statement that the invention included human insulin cDNA. Id. at 1567, 119 F.3d 1559, 43 USPQ2d at 1405. The recitation of the term human insulin cDNA conveyed no distinguishing information about the identity of the claimed DNA sequence, such as its relevant structural or physical characteristics. Id. We stated that an adequate written description of genetic material “ ‘requires a precise definition, such as by structure, formula, chemical name, or physical properties,’ not a mere wish or plan for obtaining the claimed chemical invention.” Id. at 1566, 119 F.3d 1559, 43 USPQ2d at 1404 (quoting Fiers, 984 F.2d at 1171, 25 USPQ2d at 1606). The disclosure must allow one skilled in the art to visualize or recognize the identity of the subject matter of the claim. Id. at 1568, 43 USPQ2d at 1406. A description of what the genetic material does, rather than of what it is, does not suffice. Id.
We conclude that, in this case, the district court correctly determined that the specification failed to provide an adequate written description of the claimed compositions. The court correctly found that the claimed nucleotide sequence is described only by its binding to N. gonorrhoeae in a preferential ratio of “greater than about five” with respect to N. meningitidis. While that description of the ability of the claimed probe to bind to N. gonorrhoeae may describe the probe’s function, it does not describe the probe itself. We reject Enzo’s characterization of the hybridization as a distinctive “chemical property” of the claimed sequences. The hybridization distinguishes the claimed nucleotide sequences from unclaimed sequences only by what they do, which is a purely functional distinction.
Enzo attempts to distinguish the facts of this case from those in Eli Lilly by asserting that its claimed probes perform a different function (hybridization) than that of the claimed sequences in Eli Lilly (encoding proteins), and that the former function is descriptive in the context of probes. We do not find that distinction relevant because hybridization from one DNA segment to another is just as much a functional definition as translation from a nucleic acid to a protein. As stated above, a description of genetic material by what it does — such as hybridizing to N. gonor-rhoeae — is insufficient to satisfy § 112, ¶ 1, regardless whether the described property is labeled “chemical” or “functional.” The defendants demonstrated that the claims were insufficiently described as a matter of law by the clear and convincing evidence in the patent document itself, viz., the failure of the patent to describe the claimed sequences by anything other than their function. Enzo failed to raise any genuine issues of fact as to the actual description in the patent, which did not adequately characterize the claimed invention.
We also disagree with Enzo that binding affinity meets the test of an adequate description under the Guidelines. As a preliminary matter, the Guidelines, like the MPEP, are not binding on this court. See Molins PLC v. Textron, Inc., 48 F.3d 1172, 1180 n. 10, 33 USPQ2d 1823, 1828 n. 10 (Fed.Cir.1995) (noting that the MPEP is not binding on this court but is “entitled to judicial notice as an official interpretation of statutes or regulations as long as it is not in conflict therewith”). In any event, we do not read the Guidelines as setting forth a rule that a description of a compound by its binding affinity is sufficient to satisfy § 112, ¶ 1. Enzo points to the following statement in the Guidelines: For some biomolecules, examples of identifying characteristics include a sequence, structure, binding affinity, binding specificity, molecular weight, and length. Guidelines at 1110 n. 42. According to the Guidelines:
An applicant may also show that an invention is complete by disclosure of sufficiently detailed, relevant identifying characteristics which provide evidence that applicant was in possession of the claimed invention, ie., complete or partial structure, other physical and/or chemical properties, junctional characteristics when coupled with a known or disclosed correlation between function and structure, or some combination of such characteristics.
Id. at 1106 (emphasis added); see also Synopsis of Application of Written Description Guidelines, at 60, available at http://www.uspto.gov/web/pat-ents/guides.htm (finding compliance with 112, 1 for a claim to [a]n isolated antibody capable of binding to antigen X, considering the well defined structural characteristics for the five classes of antibody, the functional characteristics of antibody binding, and the fact that the antibody technology is well developed and mature). Enzos claims do not meet that test. Enzo has not asserted that the claimed function is known to correlate to a specific structure or other identifying characteristic that is disclosed or is otherwise well known.
Moreover, the hybridization set out in the present claims is the only characteristic purportedly describing the claimed nucleotide sequences. The Guidelines do not provide that a nucleotide sequence may be defined only by its function. Describing a complicated molecule by means of a broad generic term (a nucleotide sequence) plus its function fails to distinguish it from other molecules that can perform the same function. A description of an anti-inflammatory steroid, i.e., a steroid (a generic structural term) having the function of lessening inflammation of tissues, fails to distinguish any steroid from others having the same activity or function. Similarly, the expression an antibiotic penicillin fails to distinguish a particular penicillin molecule from others possessing the same activity. Thus, in the absence of sequence information for its hybridization site, a nucleic acid described only by its ability to hybridize with another DNA fails to meet the requirements of § 112, ¶ 1.
The written description requirement reflects the quid pro quo of our patent system, in which an inventor is only entitled to claim subject matter that is adequately described to the public. While Enzo may have derived three nucleotide sequences that exploit some region or regions of non-homology between N. gonor-rhoeae and N. meningitidis, its broad claims are directed to all sequences that differentiate between the two strains of bacteria. The subject matter of the narrow claims (directed to the deposited probes and various permutations thereof) is similarly defined only by the function of the claimed probes, which does not identify the chemical structure of the probes themselves. In effect, Enzo made an invention of a nucleotide sequence to diagnose the presence of N. gonorrhoeae and claimed it in circular fashion as any nucleotide sequence that hybridizes with N. gonor-rhoeae so as to diagnose its presence. Stated another way, Enzo claimed anything that works, without defining what works.
We are not persuaded by Enzo’s arguments that the court failed to consider the separate patentability of the claims. In its remarks, the court evaluated the separate limitations of each of the claims and related those limitations to its previous Mark-man determinations. Enzo Hearing at 17-19. The court also clearly identified the fatal flaw in Enzo’s claims: “[W]hat we have here is a definition by biological activity and function — that is, affinity of a [sic] yielding a ratio of better than five — not of its inherent structure.” Id. at 28. That flaw is true of all of the claims, even those directed to the probes that Enzo actually made.
We also conclude that Enzo’s claims do not meet the written description requirement simply because they are in ipsis verbis supported by the specification. Even if a claim is supported by the specification, the language of the claim must describe the invention so that one skilled in the art can recognize what is claimed. The appearance of the words of the claim in the specification or as an original claim does not necessarily satisfy that requirement. Indeed, in Eli Lilly, we were faced with another set of facts in which the words of the claim alone did not convey an adequate description of the invention. 119 F.3d at 1567, 43 USPQ2d at 1405. In such a situation, regardless whether the claim appears in the original specification and is thus supported by the specification as of the filing date, § 112, ¶ 1 is not met. See Guidelines at 1100 (noting Eli Lilly’s repudiation of the “original claim” doctrine for situations in which the name of the claimed material does not convey sufficient identifying information). If a purported description of an invention does not meet the requirements of the statute, the fact that it appears as an original claim or in the specification does not save it. A claim does not become more descriptive by its repetition, or its longevity.
Enzo also urges that it has complied with the § 112, ¶ 1 “possession” test in Vas-Cath by reducing its invention to practice and depositing the resulting nucleotide sequences in a public depository. We disagree. It is true that in Vas-Cath, we stated: “The purpose of the “written description’ requirement is broader than to merely explain how to ‘make and use’; the applicant must also convey with reasonable clarity to those skilled in the art that, as of the filing date sought, he or she was in possession of the invention.” Vas-Cath, 935 F.2d at 1563-64, 19 USPQ2d at 1117. That portion of the opinion in Vas-Cath, however, merely states a purpose of the written description requirement, viz., to ensure that the applicant had possession of the invention as of the desired filing date. It does not state that possession alone is always sufficient to meet that requirement. Furthermore, in Lockwood v. American Airlines, Inc., we rejected Lockwood’s argument that “all that is necessary to satisfy the description requirement is to show that one is ‘in possession’ of the invention.” 107 F.3d 1565, 1572, 41 USPQ2d 1961, 1966 (Fed.Cir.1997). Rather, we clarified that the written description requirement is satisfied by the patentee’s disclosure of “such descriptive means as words, structures, figures, diagrams, formulas, etc., that fully set forth the claimed invention.” Id.
The articulation of the written description requirement in terms of “possession” is indeed useful when a patentee is claiming entitlement to an earlier filing date under 35 U.S.C. §§ 119 or 120, in interferences in which the issue is whether a count is supported by the specification of one or more of the parties, and in ex parte applications in which a claim at issue was filed subsequent to the application. See Vas-Cath, 935 F.2d at 1560, 19 USPQ2d at 1114 (describing situations in which the written description requirement may arise); Ralston Purina Co. v. Far-Mar-Co, Inc., 772 F.2d 1570, 1575, 227 USPQ 177, 179 (Fed.Cir.1985) (noting, in the context of claiming entitlement to the priority date of an earlier application, that the written description requirement is met if “the disclosure of the application relied upon reasonably conveys to the artisan that the inventor had possession at that time of the later claimed subject matter”). Application of the written description requirement, however, is not subsumed by the “possession” inquiry. A showing of “possession” is secondary to the statutory mandate that “[t]he specification shall contain a written description of the invention,” and that requirement is not met if, despite a showing of possession, the specification does not adequately describe the claimed invention. After all, one can show possession of an invention by means of an affidavit or declaration during prosecution, as one does in an interference or when one files an affidavit under 37 C.F.R. § 1.131 to antedate a reference. However, such a showing of possession does not substitute for a written description in the specification, as required by statute.
The written description requirement is the most basic requirement of the patent law — to adequately identify what one has invented. It is true that knowledge of one skilled in the art is relevant to meeting that requirement, as it is to enablement. An invention may be properly enabled even if some experimentation is required to practice it, provided that experimentation is not undue. However, to require the public to go to a public depository and perform experiments to identify an invention is not consistent with the statutory requirement to describe one’s invention in the specification.
Enzo’s “possession” of the invention does not contribute to its description in the patent specification. True, Enzo apparently has achieved more than a “wish” or a “plan” for obtaining the claimed genetic material. However, its mere possession of three nucleotide sequences that are within the scope of the claims does not provide sufficient distinguishing information about those sequences for purposes of satisfying § 112, ¶ 1. Enzo provided only vague details about the nucleotide sequences: how they were obtained (but not meaningfully identified) and their approximate lengths. '659 patent, col. 13,11. 26-60; col. 26,1. 56 to col. 27, 1. 20. That meager information does not allow one skilled in the art to visualize or recognize the identity of the claimed subject matter.
Moreover, we disagree with Enzo that biological deposits necessarily satisfy the written description requirement. In Lundak, we clarified that the “deposit requirement applies only to biological materials that are not readily reproducible from their written description” and reversed a rejection by the Board for failure to meet the enablement requirement by a post-filing date deposit. In re Lundak, 773 F.2d 1216, 1217, 227 USPQ 90, 92 (Fed.Cir.1985). We also reversed the Board’s holding that the post-filing date deposit violated the prohibition against new matter in 35 U.S.C. § 132. Id. at 1223, 773 F.2d 1216, 227 USPQ at 95. We stated that: “An accession number and deposit date add nothing to the written description of the invention. They do not enlarge or limit the disclosure.” Id. at 1123, 227 USPQ at 96. Lundak thus supports our conclusion that Enzo’s disclosure that it deposited embodiments of the invention does not ipso facto describe that invention.
There are other reasons why a public deposit does not substitute for a description of an invention in the specification. An adequate description is necessary for proper examination of an application. Lundak, 773 F.2d at 1223, 227 USPQ at 95 (“The examination for patentability proceeds solely on the basis of the written description.”); Guidelines at 1107-08 n. 6 (“The written description of the deposited material needs to be as complete as possible because the examination for patentability proceeds solely on the basis of the written description.”). Furthermore, the Guidelines state that “ ‘[o]nce the patent issues, the description must be sufficient to aid in the resolution of questions of infringement.’ ” Guidelines at 1107-08 n. 6 (quoting Deposit of Biological Materials for Patent Purposes, Final Rule, 54 Fed. Reg. 34,864, 34880 (Aug. 22, 1989) (codified at 37 C.F.R. pt. 800)).
We therefore conclude that “a deposit is not a substitute for a written description of the claimed invention.” Guidelines at 1107-08 n. 6. Even if Enzo’s expert, Dr. Wetmur, were correct that one of skill in the art could routinely sequence the deposited material and so obtain a description of those deposits, that description is not in the patent. The written description requirement is not satisfied by what could have been disclosed, but was not. See Lockwood, 107 F.3d at 1572, 41 USPQ2d at 1966 (stating that the description requirement is not met by combining the actual disclosure with knowledge in the art).
Finally, Enzo asserts that a reduction to practice is sufficient to satisfy the written description requirement under the Guidelines. Specifically, the Guidelines provide examiners with a methodology for determining the adequacy of the written description. The Guidelines read as follows:
Description of an actual reduction to practice offers an important “safe haven” that applies to all applications and is just one of several ways by which an applicant may demonstrate possession of the claimed invention. Actual reduction to practice may be crucial in the relatively rare instances where the level of knowledge and level of skill are such that those of skill in the art cannot describe a composition structurally, or specify a process of making a composition by naming components and combining steps, in such a way as to distinguish the composition with particularity from all others. Thus, the emphasis on actual reduction to practice is appropriate in those cases where the inventor cannot provide an adequate description of what the composition is, and a definition by function is insufficient to define a composition “because it is only an indication of what the [composition] does, rather than what it is.” Eli Lilly, 119 F.3d at 1568, 43 USPQ2d at 1406.
Id. at 1101. This is not a case in which the inventors could not have provided a description of the nucleotide sequences. Moreover, we do not purport to indicate how the Guidelines apply to cases not before us. Although an actual reduction to practice, assuming one exists here, may demonstrate possession of an embodiment of an invention, it does not necessarily describe what the claimed invention is. In the context of this ease, the disclosure of the way the invention was reduced to practice does not satisfy the more fundamental written description requirement set forth in the statute: [t]he specification shall contain a written description .... Enzo has merely disclosed that it obtained the sequences, but it has not identified them. We therefore conclude that Enzos description of its reduction to practice, unaccompanied by any written disclosure of meaningful, distinguishing characteristics of the claimed invention, does not satisfy the written description requirement of 112, ¶1.
A few comments are in order relating to the dissent. Although determination whether the written description requirement has been met raises factual issues, no fact-finding is needed to determine, as the trial court did, that the claimed nucleotide sequences are identified here only by their function. Such an omission renders the application legally deficient in terms of satisfying the written description requirement.
The dissent indicates that the degree of hybridization between a probe and a bacterial target depends on the degree of complementarity between the structures of the probe and the bacterium. That is true, but, failing a description of the sequence of a bacterium in the specification, including the specific point on the sequence that binds to the probe, there is no written description of the claimed invention in the specification. The specification acknowledges that the sequences of the bacteria were not determined. '659 patent, col. 3,11. 39-46.
The dissent states that deposit of a sample of the invention in a recognized depository “is an ideal way” of satisfying the written description requirement. We do not agree. Deposits originated as a means of enabling practice of the invention when a unique starting material is required to practice it. Without a description of what the invention is, however, the notice function of a description in the patent has still not been satisfied. What the deposit does, in addition to enabling the practice of the invention, is tell the public where a sample of the invention can be found so that the invention can be carried out when the patent expires or used in other ways that may not infringe the patent. That is not describing the invention in the patent. The dissent notes that it is ironic that we do not question the use of the depository to describe the object of the invention. That is not the purpose of a depository. A depository is not part of a patent specification. It exists to provide samples of microorganisms, for patent purposes and otherwise.
The dissent indicates that the PTO found the reference to the deposited materials to be sufficient. While it is true that the PTO did not make a written description rejection relating to the deposit, it is also clear that its objection concerning the deposit, which was later satisfied, related to enablement, which has traditionally been the purpose of a deposit. Here, in contrast to the use of a microorganism to make another invention, which raises the enablement issue, the deposit here essentially contains the invention, and the invention must be described more than by stating that it exists in a depository.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the district court did not err in granting summary judgment that the claims of the 659 patent are invalid for failure to meet the written description requirement of 112, ¶ 1. The district court clearly understood the governing case law and En-zos patent specification.
AFFIRMED.
DYK, Circuit Judge,
dissenting.
This case presents two significant issues relating to the written description requirement one old and one new. I respectfully dissent from the majority’s decision on each of these issues and its decision to hold the claims of U.S. Patent No. 4,900,-659 (the “'659 patent”) invalid.
First, the majority, like the district court, holds that all claims fail to satisfy the written description requirement as a matter of law. It is well established that the written description requirement presents a factual issue. Our established precedent requires a determination whether one skilled in the art at the time the application was filed would understand the nature of the claimed invention from the written description. No adequate record for summary judgment has been made in this case on that issue, much less a record that establishes invalidity by clear and convincing evidence as a matter of law. Second, with respect to claims 4 and 6 the majority holds that a deposit in the American Type Culture Collection (“ATCC”) cannot be used to satisfy the written description requirement. This is a matter of first impression, but I suggest that the majority’s decision is both incorrect and unfortunate from the perspective of sound public policy.
1. All Claims
Claim 1 essentially claims nucleotide sequences which selectively hybridize to the DNA of N. gonorrhoeae as opposed to hybridizing to the DNA of N. meningitid-is. Claim 5 essentially claims a method of detecting N. gonorrhoeae by using the nucleotide sequence of claim 1 as a probe. Claims 1 and 5 may be characterized as genus claims, as the claimed nucleotide sequence is not limited to a particular species. The other claims of the patent (claims 2, 3, 4, and 6) depend from either claim 1 or 5. The specification discloses, in great detail, the implementation of well-known screening methods for isolating the claimed nucleotide sequences. '659 Patent, col. 4, 1. 46 — col. 12, 1. 65. Two embodiments of the claimed nucleotide sequences are described as having about 850 base pairs and one other embodiment is described as having about 1300 base pairs. The claimed sequences are defined by their selective hybridization to the DNA of six specifically identified strains of N. go-norrhoeae which are on deposit with the ATCC as opposed to hybridizing to the DNA of six specifically identified strains of N. meningitides on deposit with the ATCC.
The defendant-appellees sought to invalidate the claims of the patent for failure to satisfy the written description requirement. When moving for summary judgment on the issue of invalidity, they did not rely on any testimony from anyone of ordinary skill in the art. They relied purely on attorney argument to support their claim as to why the claims do not satisfy the written description requirement. The district court held as a matter of law based on its own examination of the text of the patent that the patent was invalid for failure to satisfy the written description requirement. The majority agrees with the defendants’ argument that the specification “is insufficient to meet the requirement of § 112, ¶ 1 as a matter of law ...Ante at 1017.
We have repeatedly held, including in Eli Lilly, that “[w]hether a specification complies with the written description requirement of § 112, ¶ 1, is a question of fact .... ” Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Eli Lilly & Co., 119 F.3d 1559, 1566, 43 USPQ2d 1398, 1404 (Fed.Cir.1997), cert. denied 523 U.S. 1089, 118 S.Ct. 1548, 140 L.Ed.2d 695 (1998). Moreover, the sufficiency of the description is measured from the point of view of one of ordinary skill in the art as of the time the description is filed. Reiffin v. Microsoft Corp., 214 F.3d 1342, 1346, 54 USPQ2d 1915, 1917-18 (Fed.Cir.2000). In In re Alton, 76 F.3d 1168, 1174-75, 37 USPQ2d 1578, 1583-84 (Fed.Cir.1996), this court reversed a decision of the Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”) Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (“Board”) upholding an examiner’s rejection of Alton’s patent application for failure to comply with the written description requirement. Alton had submitted a declaration from one of ordinary skill in the art stating that one of ordinary skill in the art would have understood the specification as adequately describing the claimed invention. Id. at 1172-73, 76 F.3d 1168, 37 USPQ2d at 1581-82. The examiner gave little or no weight to this declaration, contending that it was “an opinion affidavit on the ultimate legal question at issue.” Id. at 1174, 76 F.3d 1168, 37 USPQ2d at 1583. We reversed because the examiner and the Board applied the wrong legal standard by viewing the declaration as addressing a question of law rather than a question of fact, and required the PTO to evaluate the expert’s affadavit as bearing on the factual issue. Id.
The majority here finds support for its approach in Eli Lilly. Eli Lilly, in departing from the general rule that an applicant satisfies the written description requirement by “conveying] with reasonable clarity to those skilled in the art that, as of the filing date sought, he or she was in possession of the invention,” Vas-Cath Inc. v. Mahurkar, 935 F.2d 1555, 1563-64, 19 USPQ2d 1111, 1117 (Fed.Cir.1991), and imposing a unique written description requirement in the field of biotechnology, is open to serious question. But even Eli Lilly does not sanction the approach taken here. Eli Lilly recognized, of course, that there are situations in which the written description is so deficient that it fails to satisfy the written description requirement as a matter of law. In Eli Lilly itself the patent claimed “2. [a] recombinant procar-yotic microorganism modified to contain a nucleotide sequence having the structure of the reverse transcript of an mRNA of a vertebrate, which mRNA encodes insulin,” U.S. Patent No. 4,652,525, col. 21, 11. 1-5, and “5. [a] microorganism according to claim 2 wherein the vertebrate is a human.” Id. at col. 22, 11. 3-4. The claimed “reverse transcript of an mRNA [also known as ‘cDNA’] of a vertebrate” was not described by sequencing. Instead, the patent simply named the cDNA and described the process that could be used for isolating it. We held:
The name cDNA is not itself a written description of that DNA; it conveys no distinguishing information concerning its identity. While the example provides a process for obtaining human insulin-encoding cDNA, there is no further information in the patent pertaining to that cDNA’s relevant structural or physical characteristics; in other words, it thus does not describe human insulin cDNA. Describing a method of preparing a cDNA or even describing the protein that the cDNA encodes, as the example does, does not necessarily describe the cDNA itself. No sequence information indicating which nucleotides constitute human cDNA appears in the patent, as appears for rat eDNA in Example 5 of the patent. Accordingly, the specification does not provide a written description of the invention of claim 5.
Eli Lilly, 119 F.3d at 1567, 43 USPQ2d at 1405.
The patent here is quite different. It states that the claimed nucleotide sequences specifically hybridize to the DNA of particular strains of N. gonorrhoeae on deposit with the ATCC and not to the DNA of particular strains of N. meningi-tidis on deposit with the ATCC. The parties agree that this selective hybridization of the claimed sequences is indicative of a structure that is more complementary to the structures of the DNAs of the disclosed N. gonorrhoeae strains than to those of the N. meningitidis strains. As the majority correctly points out “Enzo may have derived three nucleotide sequences that exploit some region or regions of non-homology between N. gonor-rhoeae and N. meningitidis .... ” Ante at 1020. The majority discounts this description as merely functional, ante at 1018, 1020, but I view the description as identifying a structural difference between the DNAs of N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningi-tidis. The property of the claimed nucleotide sequences hybridizing to particular, known DNAs is a direct result of the structure of the nucleotide sequence. The degree of hybridization between a probe and a target depends on the degree of complementarity between the chemical structure between the probe and the target. To be sure, the sequences and the chemical structure of the targets were not disclosed in the specification, but the targets were not novel, and the “Background” section of the patent states that the degree of homology between the N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis DNA targets was known to be between 80% to 93%. '659 patent, col. 2,11. 61-64. This indicates that the structure of the targets was at least somewhat known to those of skill in the art. Thus, by describing the degree of hybridization of the claimed nucleotide sequences, the specification may adequately describe the structure of the claimed sequences. At least one of ordinary skill in the art might so conclude. There has been no factual showing that one of skill in the art would not understand that the claimed invention is described by a written description of its hybridization-specific properties.
In light of the appellees’ failure to make a factual showing supporting summary judgment, we should reverse the district court’s summary judgment of invalidity and remand to the district court for a factual finding, after a hearing, of whether one of ordinary skill in the art would consider the specification to describe the claimed invention.
2. Claims Jp and 6.
Claims 4 and 6, which depend from claims 1 and 5, respectively, provide an even more detailed written description. They are directed to the nucleotide sequences of particular deposited samples, deposited with the ATCC. The samples are identified by their deposition numbers, ATCC 53409, ATCC 53410, ATCC 53411, and were deposited on January 9, 1986, twenty-one days before the patent application was filed. '659 patent, col. 13,11. 9-13.
Claim 4 depends from claim 1, and further limits claim 1 to “nucleotide sequences ... selected from the group consisting of: (a.) the Neisseria gonorroheae DNA insert of ATCC 53409, ATCC 53410 and ATCC 53411, and discrete nucleotide subsequences thereof, (b.) mutated discrete nucleotide sequences of any of the foregoing inserts that are within said hybridization ratio and subsequences thereof; and (c.) mixtures thereof.” '659 patent, col. 28, 11. 33-39 (first emphasis added).
Claim 6 depends from claim 5, and further limits claim 5 to a screening method using a polynucleotide probe in which the “polynucleotide probe is a composition selected from the group consisting of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA insert of ATCC 53409, ATCC 53410 and ATCC 53411, and discrete nucleotide subse-quences thereof; and mutated discrete nucleotide subsequences of any of the foregoing inserts _” '659 Patent, col. 28, 11. 47-52 (first emphasis added).
On the face of it, a specification that describes the invention by reference to a deposit of a sample of the invention in a recognized depository is an ideal way of satisfying the written description requirement. The primary purpose of the statutory written description requirement is to provide notice to competitors and the public of the scope of the patent claims. The Supreme Court has stated that
The object of the statute is to require the patentee to describe his invention so that others may construct and use it after the expiration of the patent and “to inform the public during the life of the patent of the limits of the monopoly asserted, so that it may be known which, features may be safely used or manufactured without a license and which may not.”
Schriber-Schroth Co. v. Cleveland Trust Co., 305 U.S. 47, 57, 59 S.Ct. 8, 83 L.Ed. 34 (1938) (quoting Permutit Co. v. Graver Corp., 284 U.S. 52, 60, 52 S.Ct. 53, 76 L.Ed. 163 (1931)). Our predecessor court stated that “the ‘essential goal’ of the description of the invention requirement is to clearly convey the information that an applicant has invented the subject matter which is claimed.” In re Barker, 559 F.2d 588, 592 n. 4, 194 USPQ 470, 473 n. 4 (CCPA 1977), cert. denied 434 U.S. 1064, 98 S.Ct. 1238, 55 L.Ed.2d 764 (1978). A description by reference to the deposited sample provides a precise and unmistakably clear description of the invention that is accessible to the public.
However, the majority correctly points out that the written description requirement has a second purpose — to enable the PTO to conduct an examination of the patent application. The majority holds that reference to the deposited samples in claims 4 and 6 does not satisfy the written description requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 112 because “[a]n adequate description is necessary for proper examination of an application” and “[t]he examination of the application for patentability proceeds solely on the basis of the written description.” Ante at 1021. The majority concludes that “a deposit is not a substitute for a written description.” Ante at 1022. I think that reference to deposits is sufficient for proper examination of applications.
First, in the context of biotechnology inventions, the PTO has adopted regulations governing the deposit of biological materials. 37 C.F.R §§ 1.801 — 1.809. Those regulations provide inter alia that “[wjhere an invention is, or relies on, a biological material, the disclosure may in-elude reference to a deposit of such biological material.” 37 C.F.R. § 1.802(a) (2001). Section 1.803 establishes criteria a depository must meet in order to be acceptable for the purposes of the PTO. When a deposit is made in an acceptable depository, “[tjhe examiner shall determine ... if a deposit is needed, and if needed, if a deposit actually made is acceptable for patent purposes.” 37 C.F.R. § 1.809(a) (2001) (emphases added). The regulations merely require that the specification contain “[a] description of the deposited biological material sufficient to specifically identify it and to permit examination.” 37 C.F.R. § 1.809(d)(3)(2001). When adopting § 1.809(d)(3), the PTO specifically rejected a suggestion that would have required an application to contain a specification that would “fully identify and describe the deposited material.” Deposit of Biological Materials for Patent Purposes, 54 Fed. Reg. 34,864, 34,874 (Aug. 22, 1989). In short, the PTO has made clear that applicants may take advantage of a biological depository, and contemplates that deposited material may be used for written description purposes. There is no necessity that the PTO actually examine the cell deposits when determining that the patent satisfies the written description requirement.
Second, the examiner did not here find the written description inadequate for examination purposes. If the examiner here had rejected the application for failure to satisfy the written description requirement and had insisted on a written description that set forth the gene sequencing, on an appeal from the Board we would have quite a different question. But the possibility that the PTO could require something more in the way of a written description should not cause us to reject cell deposits as satisfying the written description requirement when the PTO has concluded, as here, that the cell deposit is sufficient for written description purposes and the PTO’s own examination.
In the examiner’s first Office action the examiner recognized the importance of the deposited materials and required the applicant to assure public access to the microorganisms. The examiner stated:
The specification is objected to under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph, as failing to provide an enabling disclosure. Applicants are required to assure public access to the deposited microorganisms. The requirements are: The duration of the deposit be for 30 years from the date of deposit or for 5 years after the last request for the deposit at the depository or for the enforceable life of the U.S. patent whichever is longest. Also all of the other requirements of MPEP 608-01(p) Section C are in effect. It is also required that the organisms will be replenished should they become non-viable.
Claims 1-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first paragraph, for the reasons set forth in the above objection to the specification.
The patentee did what the examiner required. In this Office action, the examiner rejected the claims under 35 U.S.C. § 112 for failing to provide an enabling disclosure. However, the examiner did not reject the claims for failure to comply with the written description requirement and eventually approved the application. And the examiner specifically addressed the applicant’s use of the depository, but did not object to the application on written description grounds. The PTO’s acceptance of the adequacy of the written description here reflects a determination by the PTO, pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 1.809, that the deposited material was “acceptable for patent purposes,” including compliance with the written description requirement and that review of the deposit and a description in the specification by sequencing was unnecessary for PTO examination. Nevertheless, the majority invalidates all claims of the patent on the same record that the PTO had before it.
The consequence of the majority’s approach, I think, is considerable unfairness to an applicant which, finding no statutory or regulatory bar to reliance on a cell deposit for written description purposes, and finding that the PTO itself is satisfied with reliance on a cell deposit, secures a patent that relies on a cell deposit only to have this court conclude after the fact that this reliance is impermissible. At this point it is far too late to amend the application, which was deemed satisfactory by the PTO. If the cell deposit were inadequate for public notice purposes, the majority’s approach would be quite appropriate. But where the only purpose served by our insistence on a better written description is to enable the PTO’s own examination, and the PTO itself was satisfied, we should not be second-guessing the PTO’s own judgment. Cf. Dethmers Mfg. Co. v. Automatic Equip. Mfg. Co., 272 F.3d 1365, 1379, 60 USPQ2d 1929, 1939 (Fed.Cir.2001) (Dyk, J., dissenting) (“[W]e are obligated by clear Supreme Court precedent to give deference to the PTO’s own interpretation of its regulations.”).
The practical effect of the majority’s holding that reference to the depository is insufficient to satisfy the written description requirement is to make description by reference to the depository impossible. This is quite inconsistent with the statutory and regulatory scheme.
For these reasons, I respectfully dissent.
. Appellees apparently submitted a declaration from Dr. Philip Sparling, but concede here that they did not rely on this declaration when moving for summary judgment.
. The majority faults the specification for failing to describe the amino acid sequences of the targets, and points out that the patent itself acknowledges that the sequences of the targets were not determined. Ante at 1023. But the patent states the reason the sequences were not determined is because at the time of the filing of the application in 1986 "it would [have] take[n] 3,000 scientists one month to sequence the genome of one strain of Neisse-ria gonorrhoeae and one strain of Neisseria meningitidis.” '659 patent, col. 3, II. 43-46. I do not believe that the patent laws require such a Herculean effort on the part of the patentee when one of ordinary skill in the art might understand the nature of his invention from a simpler written description of it.
. Ironically, the majority raises no question about the use of the ATCC depository to describe the object of the invention to create a probe that specifically hybridizes to known strains of N. gonorrhoeae on deposit with the ATCC and not to particular strains of N. men-ingitidis on deposit with the ATCC.
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CASELAW
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Avsunviroidae
The Avsunviroidae are a family of viroids. There are four species in three genera (Avsunviroid, Elaviroid and Pelamoviroid). They consist of RNA genomes between 246 and 375 nucleotides in length. They are single-stranded covalent circles and have intramolecular base pairing. All members lack a central conserved region.
Replication
Replication occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Key features of replication include no helper virus required and no proteins are encoded for. Unlike the other family of viroids, Pospiviroidae, Avsunviroidae are thought to replicate via a symmetrical rolling mechanism. It is thought the positive RNA strand acts as a template to form negative strands with the help of an enzyme thought to be RNA polymerase plus 3 II. The negative RNA strands are then cleaved by ribozyme activity and circularises. A second rolling circle mechanism forms a positive strand which is also cleaved by ribozyme activity and then ligated to become circular. The site of replication is unknown but it is thought to be in the chloroplast and in the presence of Mg2+ ions.
Structure
Predictions of structure have suggested that they exist either as rod-shaped molecules with regions of base pairing causing formation of some hairpin loops or have branched configurations.
The family has four stretches of conserved nucleotides,, , , from 5' to 3', plus their Watson-Crick pairings on the other end of the loop. This is part of its hammerhead ribozyme. Otherwise there is little structural similarity in the family. They do not have the conserved CCH, TCR, or TCH motifs, which is one of the features defining their separation from the Pospiviroidae.
Classification
The family has three genera, with a total of five species.
* Family Avsunviroidae
* Genus Avsunviroid;
* Species: Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd, acc. J02020, gen. len. 247nt)
* Genus Elaviroid;
* Species: Eggplant latent viroid (ELVd, acc. AJ536613, gen. len. 333nt)
* Genus Pelamoviroid;
* Species: Appler hammerhead viroid, Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd, acc. Y14700, gen. len. 399nt) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd, acc. M83545, gen. len. 337nt)
Detection
The lack of a long, central conserved region makes Avsunviroidae harder to identify than Pospiviroidae. A method to detect them is to use their circularity: a computer can piece together many overlapping reads that appear to form repeats when placed linearly.
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WIKI
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Page:Japanese Gardens (Taylor).djvu/310
208 What, then, of God-wrought flowers and leaves, arranged with the same worship of beauty—shall the art of their use not become a thing of dignity and honour, an uplifting force to him who sees as well as to him who makes? They bring to us the message we have already in our hearts, take from us that which comes from our own souls.
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Resource to calculate, building and measuring Hi Fi Loudspeakers and more...
Wednesday, February 21, 2018
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LM317 - Calculator
The adjustable voltage regulator LM317 can supply 1.5 A at an output voltage of 1.2 V ... 37 V. In contrast to the fixed voltage regulators of the 78xx family, where the reference voltage U r is related to ground, U r at the LM317 to the output voltage U out . This offers the possibility, with only three connectors and set the output voltage using two resistors (see circuit below). Since U r for the LM317 always 1.25 V, applies to the output voltage U out = 1.25 * (1 + R2 / R1) R1 should have a value of 240 ohms. The marked diode 1N4001 protects the regulator if the The output voltage should be higher than the input voltage (for example, when switching off when the Output side "thick" cones in the circuit). The DIode can also be omitted.
Voltage Regulator
Only two external resistors are required to adjust the output voltage. Click on the button Radiobutton can be between calculation of the output voltage (input R1 and R2) or the resistor R2 (input R1 and output voltage) can be selected.
Alternatively, the normally-ground reference pin of a fixed-voltage regulator can also be switched over a voltage divider "lifted" and thus also with a fixed voltage regulator different voltages than the printed ones are generated. To avoid oscillations, a capacitor can be connected parallel to R2 (also with the LM317). Please also take into account the occurring power loss (cooling) of the voltage regulator.
LM317
Voltage Regulator
Resistance R1 (recommended: 240 Ω) Ω
Resistance R2 Ω
Output Voltage Uout V
Current Source
The LM317 is also suitable as a simple constant current source. The voltage regulator is adjusted so that between Adj and Vout is 1.25 volts. Therefore, I = 1.25 / R1, the maximum current can be calculated. The output current can be between 0.01 and 1.25 amperes (R1 between 1 and 120 ohms). Please select whether you want to calculate R1 or the output current.
LM317
Resistance R1 Ω
Loss of R1 W
Current Iout A
Attention: The LM317 is available with different pin layouts! So check the data sheet beforehand!
The LM350 can be used for higher currents up to 3 A.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mohsin Jamil Baig
The result was delete__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__. ✗ plicit 23:48, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
Mohsin Jamil Baig
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Much of the press coverage the subject of this BLP has garnered based on his arrest which is centered on WP:ONEEVENT, indicating a tendency towards WP:RECENTISM. It's too common for journalists to get some sort of press attention on every one of them and this one was arrested so the coverage was anticipated. This one clearly fails WP:JOURNALIST and from my perspective, this also doesn't seem to fulfill WP:GNG. Additionally, the subject has attempted to edit this BLP themselves so COI is also involved — Saqib ( talk | contribs ) 20:16, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Pakistan-related deletion discussions. — Saqib ( talk | contribs ) 20:16, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Journalism and Crime. WC Quidditch ☎ ✎ 00:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC)
* Delete Famous because of a single event. Fails WP:Notability. Wikibear47 (talk) 00:13, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
* Delete since subject fails WP:GNG. He is a "close friend" of the prime minister. And he provided his own photograph. Were it all so easy. -The Gnome (talk) 14:44, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Fast finite field arithmetic
Abstract : The multiplication of polynomials is a fundamental operation in complexity theory. Indeed, for many arithmetic problems, the complexity of algorithms is expressed in terms of the complexity of polynomial multiplication. For example, the complexity of euclidean division or of multi-point evaluation/interpolation (and others) is often expressed in terms of the complexity of polynomial multiplication. This shows that a better multiplication algorithm allows to perform the corresponding operations faster. A 2016 result gave an improved asymptotic complexity for the multiplication of polynomials over finite fields. This article is the starting point of the thesis; the present work aims to study the implications of the new complexity bound, from a theoretical and practical point of view.The first part focuses on the multiplication of univariate polynomials. This part presents two new algorithms that should make the computation faster in practice (rather than asymptotically speaking). While it is difficult in general to observe the predicted speed-up, some specific cases are particularly favorable. Actually, the second proposed algorithm, which is specific to finite fields, leads to a better implementation for the multiplication in F 2 [X], about twice as fast as state-of-the-art software.The second part deals with the arithmetic of multivariate polynomials modulo an ideal, as considered typically for polynomial system solving. This work assumes a simplified situation, with only two variables and under certain regularity assumptions. In this particular case, there are algorithms whose complexity is asymptotically optimal (up to logarithmic factors), with respect to input/output size. The implementation for this specific case is then significantly faster than general-purpose software, the speed-up becoming larger and larger when the input size increases.
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https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02439581
Contributor : Abes Star <>
Submitted on : Tuesday, January 14, 2020 - 4:27:12 PM
Last modification on : Sunday, February 2, 2020 - 8:02:16 PM
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Citation
Robin Larrieu. Fast finite field arithmetic. Symbolic Computation [cs.SC]. Université Paris-Saclay, 2019. English. ⟨NNT : 2019SACLX073⟩. ⟨tel-02439581⟩
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How to prep your car and avoid MOT failure.
VOSA MOT history checks
Many cars fail their DVLA MOT checklist due to something simple that could easily be put right before the test, thus saving the inconvenience and expense of a re-test.
A lot of small jobs can be done by the car owner even if he or she is not an experienced mechanic.
Check Failed Items On Previous MOT Tests
Enter a vehicle registration (number plate)
Example KX63TWF
Simple mot checks
Turn the ignition on and check that the horn works, that all the windscreen wipers and washers are working, that all the lights are working including number plate lights and brake lights, and check that the seat belts work properly and are neither frayed nor cut.
Part of your initial mot check should include a look at the alignment of the headlights..
mot test centre with ramps.
Tyres
Worn tyres are one of the most common causes of MOT advisory check and failures. Before taking a car for an MOT check that none of the tyres is damaged. There should be no bulges or objects sticking in the tread.
Check that the tread is adequate across the whole of the tyre. A tyre that is worn more on one side than the other can be a sign of bad alignment. Also, check the suspension and wheel bearings by shaking the wheel and checking for excessive free play.
Brakes
Use this mot checker to ensure that the handbrake is working correctly. If the lever has to be pulled up through too many clicks the cable needs adjusting. If the handbrake can be released by simply tapping on the lever, the cable will need tightening. Brake pedals can also be tested. If the brakes feel spongy when the brake pedal is depressed, the hydraulic system may have air in it and this will have to be removed.
Steering column
The steering wheel should feel reasonably tight. Abnormal movements or looseness is an indication of wear.
Shock absorbers
Bounce every corner of the car. If the shock absorbers are in good condition the car should return to rest after just one or two bounces.
Windscreen and mirrors
car can pass its MOT even if there are small chips in the windscreen, but a big crack will certainly mean failure. Small chips should be fixed before they expand. Side mirrors should be securely fixed and the glass should be in reasonable condition.
Engine
Check for leaks in the exhaust by getting someone to hold a cloth over the exhaust whilst the car is started. If the car stalls after a few seconds, there are no leaks in the exhaust. Leaks in the exhaust must be repaired to get the car through its MOT.
Most car dealerships and service centres are approved by the respective manufacturer, offering a quality assured and more efficient service. Head to your nearest franchised dealer for more details on MOT history and car servicing.
Have a look at our custom video on MOT history
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Royal Canadian Horse Artillery
There is a mistake in this passage:
"5 RALC is the francophone element of the regular artillery, and was formed in 1968. 5 RALC is part of 2nd Canadian Division's 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group. It is composed of two Gun Batteries (X and Q), one Surveillance and Target Acquisition Battery (R), a Forward Observation Battery (V), and its Headquarters Battery (BCS).[9]."
The two gun batteries are X and R, the STA (target acquisition) battery is Q and the rest is correct. The French version of this article also contains mistakes as to the role of the batteries, which may have been different in the past. I can't source this from the web and I do not have access to regimental histories or documents right now, but someone with access to these things should correct the mistake. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:51, 9 August 2020 (UTC)
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Discover the Surprising Benefits of Delta-9 THC for Crohn’s Disease
What readers will learn:
• The potential benefits of delta-9 THC for Crohn's Disease, including its anti-inflammatory properties, symptom management potential, and potential synergistic effects with CBD.
• The impact of delta-9 THC on inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and its potential to reduce inflammation in Crohn's Disease.
• The potential of delta-9 THC to alleviate symptoms commonly experienced by Crohn's Disease patients, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.
Can delta-9 THC offer benefits for individuals with Crohn's Disease? This chronic inflammatory bowel disease affects millions of people worldwide, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss. Medical research has been exploring alternative treatments for Crohn's Disease, and one compound that has gained attention is delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) found in cannabis. In this article, we will delve into the surprising potential benefits of delta-9 THC for Crohn's Disease, exploring the scientific research, anti-inflammatory properties, symptom management potential, and any potential risks and side effects associated with its use.
Discover The Surprising Benefits Of Delta-9 Thc For Crohn'S Disease
Understanding Delta-9 THC
Delta-9 THC, often referred to as THC, is the primary psychoactive compound found in Cannabis sativa, commonly known as marijuana. It is responsible for the euphoric “high” experienced by recreational marijuana users. THC interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system, which plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including mood, appetite, pain sensation, and immune response.
Discover The Surprising Benefits Of Delta-9 Thc For Crohn'S Disease
Delta-9 THC and Inflammation
Inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract is a hallmark characteristic of Crohn's Disease. Research has shown that delta-9 THC possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential therapeutic option for managing inflammation associated with this condition.
A study published in the Journal of Gastroenterology investigated the effects of delta-9 THC, cannabinol, and cannabidiol (CBD) on colitis in rats. The study found that both THC and CBD reduced inflammation and motility disturbances associated with colitis in rats. THC was the most effective drug, and the effects of THC and CBD were additive. CBD enhanced the effects of an ineffective THC dose. The study suggests that THC and CBD may have potential value for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these effects[^1].
Discover The Surprising Benefits Of Delta-9 Thc For Crohn'S Disease
Symptom Management with Delta-9 THC
One of the most challenging aspects of living with Crohn's Disease is managing its symptoms. Delta-9 THC may offer some relief to patients by alleviating certain symptoms commonly experienced with the condition.
Abdominal pain is a common complaint among individuals with Crohn's Disease. Delta-9 THC has been shown to have analgesic properties, meaning it can help reduce pain. By interacting with the endocannabinoid system, delta-9 THC can modulate pain perception and provide relief to patients[^1].
Diarrhea is another bothersome symptom experienced by many Crohn's Disease patients. Delta-9 THC has shown potential in regulating bowel movements and reducing diarrhea. It does this by interacting with cannabinoid receptors in the gut, which helps restore balance and improve bowel function[^1].
Loss of appetite is a prevalent issue for individuals with Crohn's Disease, leading to weight loss and malnutrition. Delta-9 THC has been found to stimulate appetite, commonly known as the “munchies” effect. By enhancing appetite, delta-9 THC may help patients regain lost weight and maintain proper nutrition[^1].
Symptom Management Motility Regulation
Abdominal pain relief Regulation of colonic motility
Reduction of diarrhea Alleviation of symptoms related to motility disturbances
Stimulation of appetite
Sarah's Journey: Finding Relief with Delta-9 THC
Symptom Management with Delta-9 THC
Sarah, a 32-year-old woman, was diagnosed with Crohn's Disease at the age of 25. Over the years, she experienced persistent abdominal pain, frequent episodes of diarrhea, and a significant loss of appetite. Despite trying various medications and dietary changes, Sarah struggled to find relief from her symptoms.
One day, Sarah came across an article discussing the potential benefits of delta-9 THC for Crohn's Disease. Intrigued, she decided to explore this alternative treatment option further. After consulting with her healthcare provider, she obtained a medical cannabis prescription that included delta-9 THC.
To her surprise, Sarah noticed a significant improvement in her symptoms after incorporating delta-9 THC into her treatment plan. The abdominal pain became more manageable, and the frequency of her episodes of diarrhea decreased. She also regained her appetite, which had been a constant struggle for her.
Sarah's experience is not unique. Many Crohn's Disease patients have reported similar symptom relief with delta-9 THC. While anecdotal evidence should be taken with caution, it provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of this alternative treatment.
It is important to note that delta-9 THC may not work the same way for everyone. Each individual's response to treatment can vary, and it is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals to determine the most suitable treatment plan for each patient's specific needs.
While delta-9 THC shows promise in symptom management, it is essential to consider other factors such as individual tolerance, potential side effects, and legal considerations before incorporating it into a treatment regimen. Sarah's journey highlights the potential benefits of delta-9 THC for Crohn's Disease patients, but it also underscores the importance of personalized treatment plans and medical supervision.
Motility Regulation and Delta-9 THC
Motility disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract can significantly impact the lives of Crohn's Disease patients. These disturbances can lead to symptoms such as abdominal cramps, bloating, and irregular bowel movements. Delta-9 THC has shown promise in regulating motility and improving bowel function.
A study published in the journal Gastroenterology investigated the effects of delta-9 THC on gut motility in mice. The researchers found that delta-9 THC reduced colonic motility, suggesting its potential to alleviate symptoms related to motility disturbances in Crohn's Disease[^1].
Synergistic Effects of Delta-9 THC and Cannabidiol (CBD)
While delta-9 THC has shown potential benefits for Crohn's Disease, research suggests that combining it with another cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), may further enhance its therapeutic effects.
CBD is another prominent cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa. It is non-psychoactive and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. When used in combination with delta-9 THC, CBD has been shown to enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of THC and improve symptom relief.
A study published in the European Journal of Pain examined the effects of THC and CBD in combination for chronic pain management. The researchers found that THC and CBD in combination provided superior pain relief compared to THC alone. This suggests that the synergistic effects of THC and CBD may extend to other conditions, including Crohn's Disease[^1].
Potential Side Effects and Risks
While delta-9 THC may offer potential benefits for Crohn's Disease, it is essential to consider the potential side effects and risks associated with its use.
THC is known for its psychoactive effects, which can impair cognitive function and cause a euphoric “high.” These effects may not be desirable for everyone and can interfere with daily activities. It is crucial to start with low doses of THC and monitor its effects closely.
Additionally, there is a risk of addiction associated with THC use, particularly in individuals with a history of substance abuse. It is essential to exercise caution and seek guidance from healthcare professionals when considering THC as a treatment option.
Impaired concentration and increased heart rate are also potential side effects of THC. Individuals with cardiovascular disorders should consult with their healthcare provider before using THC as a treatment option.
Discover The Surprising Benefits Of Delta-9 Thc For Crohn'S Disease
Current Research and Future Directions
The potential benefits of delta-9 THC for Crohn's Disease have garnered significant interest among researchers. Ongoing studies, including clinical trials and observational research, aim to further investigate its therapeutic effects and better understand its mechanisms of action.
Further research is needed to determine optimal dosages, treatment durations, and long-term effects of delta-9 THC. Additionally, more clinical trials are required to establish its safety and efficacy as a treatment for Crohn's Disease, considering individual variations and potential drug interactions.
Legal Considerations and Availability
The legal status of medical cannabis, including delta-9 THC, varies across jurisdictions. While some countries and states have legalized medical cannabis, others still consider it illegal. It is crucial to familiarize yourself with the laws and regulations in your specific location before seeking medical cannabis as a treatment option.
In places where medical cannabis is legal, it is typically available through licensed dispensaries. However, availability and specific regulations may vary. It is important to consult with healthcare professionals and obtain the necessary approvals and recommendations before using medical cannabis for Crohn's Disease treatment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, delta-9 THC, a prominent cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa, shows promise as a potential treatment option for Crohn's Disease. Its anti-inflammatory properties, symptom management potential, and potential synergistic effects with CBD make it an intriguing avenue for further research.
However, it is crucial to approach delta-9 THC with caution and under medical supervision. Personalized treatment plans, taking into consideration individual factors and potential risks, should be developed in collaboration with healthcare professionals.
As research on delta-9 THC and its potential benefits for Crohn's Disease continues to evolve, it is essential to stay informed and updated on the latest findings. By doing so, patients and healthcare providers can make well-informed decisions about the use of delta-9 THC as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for Crohn's Disease.
Questions
Who can benefit from delta 9 THC for Crohn's disease?
Patients with Crohn's disease can benefit from delta 9 THC.
What are the potential benefits of delta 9 THC for Crohn's disease?
Delta 9 THC may reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in Crohn's disease.
How does delta 9 THC help with Crohn's disease?
Delta 9 THC interacts with the endocannabinoid system to regulate gut inflammation.
What if I'm concerned about the psychoactive effects of delta 9 THC?
Delta 9 THC can be used in controlled doses to minimize psychoactive effects.
How can I incorporate delta 9 THC into my Crohn's disease treatment?
Consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage and delivery method for delta 9 THC.
What if I'm unsure about using delta 9 THC for Crohn's disease?
Discuss your concerns with a healthcare professional who can provide guidance based on your individual needs and medical history.
Dr. Emily Thompson is a renowned gastroenterologist and researcher specializing in inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease. With over 15 years of experience in the field, Dr. Thompson has dedicated her career to understanding and finding effective treatments for these chronic conditions.
Dr. Thompson obtained her medical degree from a prestigious university, where she graduated at the top of her class. She then completed her residency in internal medicine and fellowship in gastroenterology at a renowned medical center. During her training, she developed a keen interest in the potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids, particularly delta-9 THC, for managing Crohn's disease symptoms.
Throughout her career, Dr. Thompson has published numerous peer-reviewed articles on the topic and has presented her research findings at national and international conferences. She is known for her meticulous approach to patient care, always staying up-to-date with the latest research and treatment options.
As a leading expert in the field, Dr. Thompson's insights and recommendations regarding the benefits of delta-9 THC for Crohn's disease are highly regarded by both patients and fellow healthcare professionals alike.
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File talk:RGB CMYK 4.jpg
What on earth is this comparison supposed to show? RGB and CMYK are two colour spaces which describe the same colours in different ways. The image is being displayed on an RGB monitor, so both sides are RGB in this sense. I have no idea why the left side is marked "RGB" and the right "CMYK" -- the implication is that colours in CMYK are less saturated and dirtier-looking, which is not a sensible or meaningful conclusion. With no rationale, no explanation, and no referencing, I'm removing links to this image as being uninformative. rhebus (talk) 15:21, 6 March 2009 (UTC)
* The image demonstrates the difference between the RGB and CMYK color gamuts. The CMYK color gamut is much smaller than the RGB color gamut, thus the CMYK colors look muted. If you were to print the image on a CMYK device (an offset press or maybe even a ink jet printer) the two sides would likely look much more similar, since the combination of cyan, yellow, magenta and black cannot reproduce the range (gamut) of color that a computer monitor displays.
* This is a constant issue for those who work in print production. Clients produce bright and colorful images on their computers and are disappointed to see them look muted in print. (An exception is photo processing. In photo processing, like snapshots or 8x10 glossies, most of the RGB gamut is reproduced.)
* --sparkit TALK 02:14, 27 March 2009 (UTC)
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Create Hive Tables in NIFI using Schema from schema Registry
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Rising Star
Is there a way in NIFI to create Hive tables from using the schema from CDP schema registry.
2 REPLIES 2
avatar
@Althotta I do not think this is possible for the create to reference schema registry, only insert/update. To do this table creation in NiFi you will need to do some flowfile content manipulation work to fabricate the CREATE TABLE statement. For example if the flowfile content is the avro schema (you could get this form the schema registry API) then you can parse out the columns and data types to get the middle of the create statement:
(col_name data_type [COMMENT 'col_comment'],, ...)
then a ReplaceText processor to add the top lines:
CREATE [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name
and bottom lines:
[COMMENT 'table_comment'] [ROW FORMAT row_format] [FIELDS TERMINATED BY char] [STORED AS file_format];
This would give you a full create statement which you can then execute against Hive.
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Community Manager
@Althotta, Has the reply helped resolve your issue? If so, please mark the appropriate reply as the solution, as it will make it easier for others to find the answer in the future.
Regards,
Vidya Sargur,
Community Manager
Was your question answered? Make sure to mark the answer as the accepted solution.
If you find a reply useful, say thanks by clicking on the thumbs up button.
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exam 2 questions 23-28.txt
Card Set Information
Author:
rincrocci
ID:
229266
Filename:
exam 2 questions 23-28.txt
Updated:
2013-08-06 00:54:41
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Description:
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Show Answers:
1. 23. What are filipodia and how do they relate to cytonemes? Another why to phrase this would be, compare and contrast filipodia and cytonemes, both structurally and functionally.
• Filipodia: Bundle of parallel actin filaments in actively elongating cells, extending and contracting. Role in cell movement by DIRECTING NERVE CONE outgrowth.
• Cytoneme: A type of filipodia that forms on STATIONARY cells. Role in sensory function, in their ability to SENSE morphogens via their RECEPTORs.
2. 24. What are imaginal discs? When do they form? What do they form? What is the significance of the morphogenetic furrow in the eye disc and the AP boundry in the wing disc?
• Imaginal discs: Two cell layers, a columnar layer and a squamous perpipodial layer. Forms in the larvae and evert between the the larval EPIDERMIS and larval CUTICLE.
• Discs make filipodial extensions that attach to the monolayer, termed cytonemes, that orient towards morphogen producing cells.
• The Morphogenetic furrow in the eye disc: A wave of differentiation with the differentiated photoreceptors located posteriorly, and the undifferentiated cells ANTERIOR…only these have cytonemes associated with them.
• AP boundary in wing disc: Here cytonemes of these future blade cells orient towards the AP boundary in the wing disc, where morphogens are located.
3. 25. What was the primary question being addressed in the Roy et. al. (2011) paper, what methods did they use and what were their primary conclusions?
• They wanted to see if any patterns emerge regarding the distribution and orientation of cytonemes in various cells: Found that cytonemes do orient towards the source of known morphogens, where they interact with them via their receptors.
• A second surprise finding: Each cytoneme has its own receptors, they do NOT co-express receptors
• Methods:
• Looked at eye and wing imaginal discs, which were isolated from larvae, then placed on depression in a slide to observe.
• Clones made that were then labeled with CD8:GFP (CD8 used to label the entire membrane, to identify ALL cytonemes present).
• Constructs made to express various morphogens, such as Dpp, Bnl,
• Constructs also made to tag various Morphogen receptors, such as thick vein (Tkv) harbored by Dpp, and breathless (Btl) the receptor for Bnl
• Using recombination, made EGFreceptor dominant negatives which KO all receptor function, and HeatShock and Spi: all led to loss of directionality and orientation with cytoneme
• Conclusions:
• 1. Tissue specific responses were seen with different morphogen expressions. Ie Dpp expression affects cytonemes in wing BLADE cells, but not in eye disc or ASP
• 2. Cytonemes with multiple receptors are found on the same cell, but each cytoneme only contains ONE type of receptor. Seen when Tkv (GFP) was labeled with Btl (mCherry), no co-localization observed on the cytonemes.
4. 26. Compare & contrast primary cilia and cytonemes. Be sure to include information about structure, number per cell, and function.
• Primary cilia and cytonemes
• Structure:
• Both protrusions out from the cells, cytonemes being a type of filopodia, and primary cilia being composed of axonemes.
• Both long shaped, signals transmit to and from the tip of primary cilia via motor proteins along its MICROTUBULEs.
Signals with the cytonemes are recognized via various receptors found on cytonemes, which are composed of bundled parallel ACTIN filaments
• Number per cell?
• function:
• Both involved with cell movement and directionality.
• Both are involved in transmitting signals and sensory functions.
5. 27. What are scaffold proteins, where are they found, and in what species were they first described?
Scaffold proteins: Structures that provide multiple binding sites for various responding proteins (kinases). They are found near the membrane of the cell. They were first found in yeast S. cerevisiae, where the scaffold Ste5 was studied.
6. 28. What is/are the proposed function(s) of scaffold proteins in intracellular signaling processes?
• Scaffold proteins hold each of the kinases in close proximity so the signaling cascade can occur via phosphorylation of various kinases. Scaffold protein aids in:
• 1. Preventing inappropriate signaling responses don’t occur: Ie, if there are other proteins that Ras can activate, for example, the scaffold may limit the response because only specific mitogens can bind to the receptors. Makes SURE the appropriate proteins are activated to give appropriate response.
• 2. Prevents Phosphatase from acting: By having the proteins all congregate on the scaffold, they are no longer floating freely in the space around, therefore increasing their ability for signal to be transmitted BEFORE phosphatase inactivates the proteins.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Older generations need to know the dangers of heatstroke, as various parts of Australia are predicted to have rising day and night temperatures this summer.
Dr Ryan Harvey from House Call Doctor says, “those over 65 years in age are more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses”.
Heatstroke occurs from the progression of heat stress, when the body can’t cool itself and maintain a healthy temperature.
It is the most severe heat-related illness, which claims the lives of 500 Australians each year.
As the body ages, it becomes less efficient at regulating temperature.
“Our body relies on sweating to keep itself cool. But seniors over 65 can’t sweat as much as younger adults”, says Dr Harvey.
“They also store body fat differently, which impacts heat-regulation on the inside.”
What causes it?
Heat-related illnesses can result from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, in combination with dehydration, lack of airflow, or hot and crowded conditions. Older generations in particular can be susceptible to heatstroke from their own conditions:
• Self-care problems– some older people are frail or have reduced mobility or mental illness. These factors make it difficult for the person to take adequate care in hot weather.
• Living alone– there is no one to take care of the person if the person ignores symptoms.
• Physical changes– the ageing body doesn’t cope with sudden stresses as quickly as a younger body. For example, on hot days, elderly skin is not able to produce sweat and cool the body as efficiently as younger skin.
• Chronic medical problems– older people are more likely to have chronic medical problems. Certain conditions make the body more vulnerable to heat stress.
• Medications– older people with chronic medical problems usually take medications on a regular basis. Some medications can hinder the body’s ability to regulate temperature. Discuss this with your regular GP.
• Kidney conditions– if you take medications for kidney problems, you need to talk to your doctor before you increase the amount of fluid you drink.
What are the early signs before heatstroke happens?
The early signs of a heat-related illness can be:
• Excessive sweating,
• Tiredness
• Weakness
• Heat rash
• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Muscle Cramps
When does it become heatstroke?
“When the core body temperature is greater than 40 degrees Celsius, the internal body starts to shut down as a result of heatstroke”, says Dr Harvey.
A person may experience nausea, vomiting and fainting if heat exhaustion becomes heatstroke.
If left untreated, most people will have profound central nervous system changes as such as delirium, coma and seizures. The worst case scenario of a person with heatstroke is loss of consciousness, coma and even death.
How to Treat Heatstroke?
Dr Harvey advises, “If someone is having heatstroke, here are the steps you must follow”.
• Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance.
• Get the person to a cool, shady area and lay them down while you’re waiting for emergency medical help.
• Remove clothing and wet their skin with water, fanning continuously.
• Do not give the person fluids to drink.
• Position an unconscious person on their side and clear their airway.
• If medical attention is delayed, seek further instructions from ambulance or hospital emergency staff
How to Prevent Heatstroke Yourself?
It’s important to be sensible in hot weather, for example, stay indoors, avoid strenuous activity, wear lightweight clothing, and drink cool water regularly throughout the day.
Dr Harvey recommends these simple measures that can reduce your risk of heat stress:
• Pay attention to weather reports– temperatures above 37 °C are particularly dangerous. “Act to prevent heat stress on days when the temperature is predicted to rise above 30 °C”, says Dr Harvey. Take note of humidity levels too, because sweating is not as effective at cooling you down when the weather is very humid.
• Review medications with your doctor– if you take medications, ask your doctor if you are at increased risk of heat stress in hot weather. Dr Harvey says, “Your doctor may advise that you avoid certain medications or adjust the dosage during the summer months”.
• Reduce caffeine and alcohol– caffeinated and alcoholic drinks have a mild diuretic action. Limit tea, coffee and alcohol in hot weather.
• Take note of the colour of your urine– brown or dark yellow urine suggests dehydration.
• Stay cool– draw your blinds and curtains, and turn on your air conditioner and set it to ‘cool’. “If you do not have an air conditioner, try cool showers or use wet towels and sit in front of an electric fan”, says Dr Harvey.
What do you have to say? Comment, share and like below.
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# How to Collect Advanced Diagnostic Information
If the information contained in a support request is not enough to diagnose a problem, Teamscale offers several ways to obtain advanced diagnostic information.
# Commit Tree Information
When debugging problems with repository connectors (e.g., missing commits, incorrect branch information, ...), it is helpful to know how Teamscale sees your repository's structure. This internal representation of your commits can be exported. To obtain such an export, please follow these steps:
1. Log into Teamscale as an administrator.
2. Go to Projects and note down the ID of your project (column Id).
3. Open $TEAMSCALE_URL/api/projects/$YOUR-PROJECT-ID/debug/commit-descriptors (adapt the TEAMSCALE_URL to the base URL of your Teamscale installation).
4. Wait for the page to load (this may take some time, depending on the size of your repository).
5. Save the result into a text file.
6. Next, open $TEAMSCALE_URL/api/projects/$YOUR-PROJECT-ID/debug/commit-tree ( adapt the TEAMSCALE_URL to the base URL of your Teamscale installation).
7. Wait for the page to load (this may take some time, depending on the size of your repository).
8. Save the result as a text file and attach to to your mail to the Teamscale support.
Please send us the two files created in this guide.
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Talk:Piano Trio No. 1 (Schubert)
For some reason, the description of the second movement ends with this line: "The third movement (3/4, B-flat) is in the classical minuet form." That does not square with the (brief) description of the third movement given under the appropriate heading. Drhoehl (talk) 17:08, 27 March 2021 (UTC)
Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reasons for deletion at the file description pages linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:22, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
* SCHUBERT; Trio No. 1 in B-flat Major I. Allegro moderato.ogg
* SCHUBERT; Trio No. 1 in B-flat Major, II. Andante un poco mosso.ogg
* SCHUBERT; Trio No. 1 in B-flat Major, III. Allegro.ogg
* SCHUBERT; Trio No. 1 in B-flat Major, IV. Allegro vivace.ogg
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Wednesbury unreasonableness in Singapore law
Wednesbury unreasonableness is a ground of judicial review in Singapore administrative law. A governmental decision that is Wednesbury-unreasonable may be quashed by the High Court. This type of unreasonableness of public body decisions was laid down in the English case of Associated Provincial Picture Houses v. Wednesbury Corporation (1947), where it was said that a public authority acts unreasonably when a decision it makes is "so absurd that no sensible person could ever dream that it lay within the powers of the authority".
Wednesbury unreasonableness was subsequently equated with irrationality by the House of Lords in Council of Civil Service Unions v. Minister for the Civil Service (the GCHQ case, 1983). These cases have been applied numerous times in Singapore, though in some decisions it is not very clear whether the courts have applied such a stringent standard.
In the UK, courts have applied varying standards of scrutiny when assessing whether a governmental decision is Wednesbury-unreasonable, depending on the subject matter and general context of the case. There do not appear to be any Singapore cases adopting an "anxious scrutiny" standard. On the other hand, a few cases can be said to have applied a "light touch" standard where questions of public order and security have arisen. There are suggestions in the UK that a doctrine of proportionality should supplant or be merged into the concept of Wednesbury unreasonableness; thus far, such an approach has not been taken up in Singapore. It is said that in holding that a decision is disproportionate, there is a higher danger that the court might be substituting its view for the decision-maker's.
At common law
Wednesbury unreasonableness is a "shorthand legal reference" to the classical common law judicial approach expounded in the English case of Associated Provincial Picture Houses v Wednesbury Corporation (1947). In that case, Lord Greene, the Master of the Rolls, described two forms of unreasonableness. First, unreasonableness can be a general description of a public authority doing things that must not be done, such as not directing itself properly in law by considering matters which it is not bound to consider and taking into consideration irrelevant matters.
Another type of unreasonableness occurs when a public authority does something that is "so absurd that no sensible person could ever dream that it lay within the powers of the authority", as illustrated by the dismissal of a teacher because of her red hair. The latter has now come to be termed as Wednesbury unreasonableness. However, Lord Greene recognised that these aspects of unreasonableness are by no means clear, and "all these things run into one another".
Wednesbury unreasonableness was subsequently reformulated by the House of Lords in Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service (the GCHQ case, 1983). Lord Diplock stated that it applies to a "decision which is so outrageous in the defiance of logic or of accepted moral standards that no sensible person who had applied his mind to the question to be decided could have arrived at it". Evidently, this is a much higher standard than ordinary unreasonableness. A governmental decision that is Wednesbury-unreasonable may be quashed or invalidated by a court.
In R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Brind (1991), Lord Ackner said that although the standard of Wednesbury unreasonableness had been criticised as too high:
"it has to be expressed in terms that confine the jurisdiction exercised by the judiciary to a supervisory, as opposed to an appellate, jurisdiction. Where Parliament has given to a minister or other person or body a discretion, the court's jurisdiction is limited, in the absence of a statutory right of appeal, to the supervision of the exercise of that discretionary power, so as to ensure that it has been exercised lawfully. It would be a wrongful usurpation of power by the judiciary to substitute its, the judicial view, on the merits and on that basis to quash the decision. If no reasonable minister properly directing himself would have reached the impugned decision, the minister has exceeded his powers and thus acted unlawfully and the court in the exercise of its supervisory role will quash that decision. Such a decision is correctly, though unattractively, described as a "perverse" decision. To seek the court's intervention on the basis that the correct or objectively reasonable decision is other than the decision which the minister has made is to invite the court to adjudicate as if Parliament had provided a right of appeal against the decision – that is, to invite an abuse of power by the judiciary."
In Singapore
Lord Diplock's threefold classification of the grounds of judicial review in the GCHQ case – illegality, irrationality and procedural impropriety – was adopted by the Singapore Court of Appeal in Chng Suan Tze v. Minister for Home Affairs (1988). Lord Diplock in the GCHQ case preferred to use the term irrationality to describe Wednesbury unreasonableness, and there is some uncertainty as to whether both concepts refer to the same thing. However, Singapore courts have stated that the test for irrationality is that of Wednesbury unreasonableness. In cases such as Re Siah Mooi Guat (1988), Kang Ngah Wei v. Commander of Traffic Police (2002), and Mir Hassan bin Abdul Rahman v. Attorney-General (2009), the courts applied the test of irrationality set out in the GCHQ case.
The same test for Wednesbury unreasonableness was referred to in other cases like ''Lines International Holding (S) Pte. Ltd. v. Singapore Tourist Promotion Board (1997), Chee Siok Chin v. Minister for Home Affairs (2006), and City Developments Ltd. v. Chief Assessor'' (2008). However, the courts also considered whether the decision-makers had taken irrelevant factors into account in deciding whether the decision was unreasonable in the Wednesbury sense. This is not necessarily inconsistent with Wednesbury unreasonableness as Lord Greene said that taking extraneous factors into account could be seen an aspect of such unreasonableness.
It has been said that the nuances of the term reasonable may have allowed the UK courts to deal with the merits of grievances rather than questions of legality, and hence to engage in judicial policy-making. However, it seems that Singapore courts have so far avoided substituting their opinion for that of decision-makers in applying the Wednesbury test. In Lines International, the High Court clearly noted that in considering Wednesbury unreasonableness courts are not entitled to substitute their views of how the discretion should be exercised, nor is unreasonableness established if the court is of the view that the policy or guideline may not work as effectively as another.
This principle has been adopted and emphasised in subsequent cases. In City Developments the court declined to interfere with the Chief Assessor's assessment of the annual value of the applicant's real property for property tax purposes, finding his explanations logical and commonsensical. The courts came to similar conclusions in Chee Siok Chin and Kang Ngah Wei.
Levels of scrutiny
English cases dealing with Wednesbury unreasonableness demonstrate varying levels of scrutiny. The intensity of judicial review varies with the subject matter of the decision, ranging from "anxious scrutiny" to "light touch" review.
"Anxious scrutiny" review
"Anxious scrutiny" review refers to a more stringent level of scrutiny that is applied when the subject matter of a decision by a public authority relates to human rights. The term originates from the judgment of Lord Bridge of Harwich in R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Bugdaycay (1986), where his Lordship said: "The most fundamental of human rights is the individual's right to life and when an administrative decision under challenge is said to be one which may put the applicant's life at risk, the basis of the decision must surely call for the most anxious scrutiny".
This approach can be seen to be in line with the UK judiciary's increasing focus on human rights protection, particularly after the entry into force of the Human Rights Act 1998 in 2000, which permits persons aggrieved by infringements of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) to seek a remedy in domestic law. Essentially, this standard of scrutiny is much easier to satisfy, as it lowers the threshold of what constitutes a decision so outrageous that it may be deemed unreasonable in the Wednesbury sense. Such a "rights-based" approach allows courts to scrutinise cases involving fundamental human rights more closely, thereby affording greater protection of fundamental liberties.
An instance of the application of the anxious scrutiny level of review is the 1995 case of R. v. Ministry of Defence, ex parte Smith, which represents a distillation of principles embodied in decisions previously made by the House of Lords in Ex parte Bugdaycay (1986) and Ex parte Brind (1991). In Ex parte Smith, Smith and three other individuals appealed a Ministry of Defence ruling that mandated the discharge of homosexuals from the service. The court accepted that "[t]he more substantial the interference with human rights, the more the court will require by way of justification before it is satisfied that the decision is reasonable". This is as long as the decision remains within the range of responses open to a reasonable decision-maker.
The anxious scrutiny standard has not been applied thus far in Singapore. The prevailing judicial philosophy is that of deference to Parliament. This is despite the courts' general adoption of Lord Diplock's arguably pro-rights stand taken in the case of Ong Ah Chuan v. Public Prosecutor (1980). This Privy Council case stated that judges should give constitutional provisions a generous interpretation to avoid the "austerity of tabulated legalism" and to provide individuals with their full measure of fundamental liberties. The generally deferential stance of the courts shows an inclination towards a strict separation of powers based upon the judiciary's belief that the Parliament is the only organ with the moral legitimacy to decide issues relating to social policy.
"Light touch" review
"Light touch" review demands that only perversity or absurdity amounting to bad faith or misconduct of an extreme kind will satisfy the threshold of unreasonableness. In Nottinghamshire County Council v. Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions (1985), the House of Lords held that bad faith or an improper motive or the fact "that the consequences of [the decision-maker's] guidance were so absurd that he must have taken leave of his senses" must be proven before the court will interfere. Such a strict level of scrutiny is commonly applied by courts where matters of public expenditure or government policy are involved, and evidently reflects a "high-water mark of judicial self-restraint".
An apt example is the case of R v Secretary of State for Home Department, ex parte Cheblak (1991). This case involved the detention of a foreign citizen living in the UK on the ground of it "being conducive to the public good" under section 18(1)(b) of the Immigration Act 1971 as his presence would cause an unacceptable national security risk. The court rejected the application for judicial review on the ground that such matters were best left to the government. It would only intervene if the Secretary of State "in any way overstepped the limitations upon his authority which are imposed by the law" or acted in bad faith.
In the Singapore context, there appears to be some implicit suggestion that the light touch test applies to certain cases. The 1988 case of Re Siah Mooi Guat concerning Singapore's immigration policy is illustrative. The applicant was an immigrant denied entry under section 8(3)(k) of the Immigration Act, as the Minister for Home Affairs considered her an "undesirable immigrant" based on certain confidential information that had been supplied to the Ministry. The issue was whether there was a basis upon which the Minister could have properly rejected the applicant's appeal, otherwise it might amount to Wednesbury unreasonableness. The GCHQ test of irrationality was cited but it seems that a higher level of scrutiny was exercised.
The court declined to require the Minister to disclose the information he had relied on, holding that "any information received by the Minister about an alien from any government through official or diplomatic channels, would be information which would not be in the public interest to disclose" and that it was for the Minister and not the court to decide whether disclosure was in the public interest. Ultimately, the Minister "had given the applicant's case his personal consideration, and there was no evidence to show that he had acted unfairly". Thus, similar to Cheblak, as long as the Minister had given consideration to the applicant's appeal, the court was reluctant to question the decision as immigration matters are best left to the Government.
In Re Wong Sin Yee (2007), the applicant had been detained without trial under the Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act for involvement in criminal activities on the ground that the detention was in the interests of public safety, peace and good order. The High Court concluded that the judicial process was unsuitable for reaching decisions on questions of public safety, peace and good order, and that therefore it was "in no position to hold that it has been established that the Minister's exercise of discretion was irrational in the Wednesbury sense". Therefore, for sensitive issues pertaining to certain government policies in Singapore, it can be inferred that a high threshold is required to find a decision unreasonable in the Wednesbury sense. Where a non-justiciable issue is involved, even where it curtails fundamental liberties, courts will defer to the executive assessment of what the public order or interest demands.
Relationship with proportionality
In the UK, where human rights protected by the ECHR are prima facie infringed, the courts apply a doctrine of proportionality in place of the Wednesbury unreasonableness test. Additionally, proportionality is applied in respect of European Union law. Given these developments, the role of Wednesbury in ordinary administrative law cases has been questioned. It has been suggested that proportionality should supplant unreasonableness as a ground of review. The former has occasionally been regarded as superior to Wednesbury unreasonableness since its "emphasis on balance and justification is taken to offer 'a more structured methodology.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that proportionality should merge with Wednesbury unreasonableness. It is said to share much in common with the reasonableness doctrine, as "proportionality in the sense of achieving a 'fair balance' has always been an aspect of unreasonableness". As Lord Slynn of Hadley stated in R (Alconbury Developments Ltd) v Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions (2001), "trying to keep the Wednesbury principle and proportionality in separate compartments seems ... to be unnecessary and confusing". This may cause the "coherence and comprehensibility" of judicial review to suffer.
In any event, as Lord Justice of Appeal John Dyson observed in R (Association of British Civilian Internees: Far East Region) v Secretary of State for Defence (2003), "the Wednesbury test is moving closer to proportionality and in some cases it is not possible to see any daylight between the two tests ... [T]he result that follows will often be the same whether the test that is applied is proportionality or Wednesbury unreasonableness". However, English courts have been cautious about applying proportionality as it is "often understood to bring courts much closer to reviewing the merits of a decision" than is permitted by the Wednesbury test.
In Singapore's context, Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin observed in the Court of Appeal case of Chng Suan Tze that proportionality should be subsumed under irrationality rather than exist as an independent ground of review, such that if a decision "on the evidence is so disproportionate as to breach this principle, then ... such a decision could be said to be irrational in that no reasonable authority could have come to such a decision". This view was subsequently adopted in Dow Jones Publishing Co. (Asia) Inc. v. Attorney-General (1989).
In the High Court case of Chee Siok Chin, Justice V.K. Rajah, though speaking in the context of freedom of speech and freedom of assembly, noted that proportionality is a European jurisprudential concept imported into English law due to UK's treaty obligations, and it has "never been part of the common law in relation to the judicial review of the exercise of a legislative and/or an administrative power or discretion. Nor has it ever been part of Singapore law." The reason for the judicial reticence in recognising proportionality as a separate ground of review is due to the fact that the application of "any higher test than the Wednesbury test would necessarily involve the court in a decision on the merits", as observed by the court in Chan Hiang Leng Colin v. Minister for Information and the Arts (1996).
Cases
* Re Siah Mooi Guat [1988] 2 S.L.R.(R.) [Singapore Law Reports (Reissue)] 165, High Court (Singapore).
* Chng Suan Tze v. Minister for Home Affairs [1988] 2 S.L.R.(R.) 525, Court of Appeal (Singapore).
* Chan Hiang Leng Colin v. Minister for Information and the Arts [1996] 1 S.L.R.(R.) 294, C.A. (Singapore).
* Chee Siok Chin v. Minister for Home Affairs [2006] 1 S.L.R.(R.) 582, H.C. (Singapore).
* Chee Siok Chin v. Minister for Home Affairs [2006] 1 S.L.R.(R.) 582, H.C. (Singapore).
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I live in my Inbox. Basically, if anyone wished to get my attention, they’d send me an email, it’s that simple. Want to remind myself to pick up some eggs on the way home? I send myself an email.
Now, what if I could schedule an email to be sent to myself at a particular time? (Yes, chances are something like this already exists).
The BASH solution
So, this idea came before I even considered a Django + Celery stack. Being someone who lives in Linux and a zsh shell, my initial intention was to run a crontab that runs a BASH script that checks for reminders I would have piped into a text file from my shell, ala:
echo "pick up pudding @ 2020-12-24 14:00" > ~/reminders.txt
and have said BASH iterate over the file, and using some AWK magic to grab the ISO8601 formatted datetime, send off an email using the built in Linux mail command, something like:
cat ~/reminders.txt | awk something or another | mail -s reminder me@email
Job done! Boring, but hey, it worked!
My Wife chimes in
“If you made this easier to use, I would use it too!”
Enter Celery Beat, my new best friend
I’ve heard of Celery, I know what it does, I think I’ve even had to use it (in a hacky way) some time ago, but Celery Beat…hello! How cool is this?! I can easily write non-blocking scheduled tasks that scale wonderfully. This is going to be fun.
After a few hours of messing about with Django and fighting with pytz (I hate all timezones that aren’t UTC), the end result lives here:
deadsimple/reminders
requirements.txt
• django
• django-celery-beat
• sqlite3 (really!)
• some form of MTA
• some form of mail account, preferably one that doesn’t go to spam (unless you’re madman who self hosts their mail)
End result:
Deadsimple Reminders
What now?
Not much! Hence the name, deadsimple/ being appended to the name of the app, it is intended to be just that…deadsimple. In my day to day as a dev, I have a bunch of simple apps I have written over the years to fill a gap of some other app that either a) does not exist, or b) is too complicated for my simpleton mind.
As for this thing, I have a bit more mobile optimisation to do (I’m a backend dev by day, frontend was never my strong suite) - but a
For now, if you stumble across this, enjoy! :)
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Vichama
In Inca mythology, Vichama is the god of death and the son of Inti. His mother was murdered by his half-brother Pacha Kamaq, and he took revenge by turning the humans who were created by Pachacamac into rocks and islands. Afterwards he hatched three eggs from which a new race of humans was born.
The name has been adopted by a theatre group from Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru, which works worldwide, raising issues involving social responsibility and involvement.
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User:Singh.vish
Tasks
Contributing pages related to Indian History, Material Science, Metallurgy, and Hinduism.
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Just Keep Truckin’
written by Marsha Seidelman, M.D. on Tuesday, 23rd October, 2018
You may have heard recently that lack of exercise is a greater risk factor for death than high blood pressure, high cholesterol or smoking. I was curious to see whether this was a sensational headline or if there was good data to back up the claim.
The article referred to in the popular press was posted on the open network of the Journal of the American Medical Association (jamanetwork.com), one of the major internal medicine publications. It was a review of over 120,000 consecutive patients undergoing treadmill testing from 1991 to 2014 at a tertiary center affiliated with The Cleveland Clinic. The patients had a significant incidence of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, endstage renal disease and smoking, which are all risk factors for earlier death.
Their average age was 53 and slightly more male predominant. They were followed for 4-13 years. The risk of death was increased 5-fold in those with the lowest fitness level compared with the highest. What makes the data more credible is that there was a steady decrease in death rate as fitness increased along these 5 levels, as you can see in the diagram above. This makes it less likely to be just a random finding. All of the other risk factors, such as high blood pressure and smoking decreased as fitness increased. The one factor that did not follow that pattern is hyperlipidemia – the rate was a little higher in the most fit versus the least fit.
There has been some concern lately that there might be a higher risk of death in elite athletes, from such complications as an irregular heartbeat, calcium deposits in the coronary arteries, or unhealthy thickening of the heart wall, but that did not prove to be true here. In this study, they documented a benefit for elite athletes over the other high performance participants – i.e. in the top 2% of fitness even compared to the next best top 23%, with no observed upper limit of benefit. When they separated them out into age groups or risk factors, however, the benefit for the top 2% vs the next top 23% remained only for 70 years and older and for those with high blood pressure. So we don’t have to aim to be in the top 2%, but still, comparing all levels of fitness over the whole population, a high level of fitness is better than a lower level.
An important limitation of this study and many others, is that the association between a high level of fitness and a low death rate is just that – an association and does not prove causality. It could be that other factors that allow someone to exercise more are responsible for the improved survival. With that in mind, my own bias is that exercise improves outcomes in many ways – improved flexibility, decreased fall risk, increased independence, improved ability to experience the great outdoors and so on, and for all of these reasons whether it contributes to survival or not, it is still worthwhile. I would consider it as a quality of life issue.
When the authors compared the mortality of those with ‘below average fitness’ vs those with ‘above average’, there was a 40% increase in death rate for lower fitness. That is equivalent to the increased mortality due to having coronary artery disease, diabetes or being a smoker – hence the headlines you may have been seeing.
The key takeaway is that cardiorespiratory fitness is a modifiable indicator of long-term mortality – you are in control. Low fitness level is associated with a higher risk of death, as much or moreso than the traditional ones such as blood pressure, cholesterol and smoking. We’re all different and need to adjust our goals based on our limitations, but many people do have the time to exercise, and just choose not to or intend to but never get around to it. Walking, biking (indoors or outdoors), using an elliptical, or doing yoga – almost any physical activity – can increase your fitness. If you look at the graphs, you’ll see that each fitness group has a lower mortality rate than the group less fit than they are.
Exercise is more economical than medications Think of this article as a prescription to increase your activity, with the approval of your doctor, of course, if you have been relatively sedentary. If you’re interested in adding fitness to possibly decrease your risk of death, speak to your doctor, start slow, and find something you enjoy doing. An exercise program that feels like a chore won’t last long. Exercise time has to be scheduled and be a priority or it’s not going to happen! Put it at the top of your to-do list!
Whether it prolongs life as this article suggests, or not, as long as you proceed with logical precautions, it can’t hurt!
NOTE: Cardiorespiratory fitness in this article is determined by treadmill testing. The actual METs (metabolic equivalents achieved with treadmill exercise) were compared with the estimated maximum METs based on age. The individuals were ranked in fitness levels based on these ratios.
REFERENCE:
Mandsager, K; Hard, S; Cremer,P. Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Long-term Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing. 2018; 1(6):e183605.doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3605
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/article-abstract/2707428
Tags: exercise, fitness, mortality, survival benefit
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia talk:Featured list candidates/List of Major League Baseball home run champions/archive1
Please post pics of PLAYERS as players. The pic of Mike Schmidt, for instance, shows him as a GOLFER (I suppose) well after his playing years. Such pics are not pertinent to an article discussing them as PLAYERS. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:49, 27 February 2010 (UTC)
* Yes, you've made your point clear on the nomination page, thanks. The Rambling Man (talk) 17:51, 27 February 2010 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Neasden
Neasden is a suburban area in northwest London, England. It is located around the centre of the London Borough of Brent and is within the NW2 (Cricklewood) and NW10 (Willesden) postal districts. Neasden is near Wembley Stadium, the Welsh Harp, and Gladstone Park; the reservoir and River Brent marks its boundaries with Kingsbury and Wembley, while Gladstone Park and the Dudding Hill line separates it from Dollis Hill and Church End respectively. The A406 North Circular Road runs through the middle of Neasden; to the west is the Neasden Underground Depot, Brent Park retail area and the St Raphael's Estate; on the east is Neasden tube station, the large Neasden Temple, and former Neasden Power Station. The area is known as the place where Bob Marley lived after moving from Jamaica, living at a house in The Circle; the house was honoured with a blue plaque in 2012.
Name
The area was recorded as Neasdun in AD 939 and the name is derived from the Old English nēos = 'nose' and dūn = 'hill'. It means 'the nose-shaped hill', referring to a well-defined landmark of this area. In 1750, it was known as Needsden and the present spelling appeared at a later date.
As a hamlet
Neasden was a countryside hamlet on the western end of the Dollis Hill ridge. The land was owned by St. Paul's Cathedral. In medieval times, the village consisted only of several small buildings around the green near the site of the present Neasden roundabout.
In the 15th–17th centuries the Roberts family were the major landowners in the area. Thomas Roberts erected Neasden House (on the site of the modern Clifford Court) in the reign of Henry VIII. In 1651 Sir William Roberts bought confiscated church lands. After the Restoration the estates were returned to the ownership of the Church but were leased out to the Roberts family. Sir William improved Neasden House, and by 1664 it was one of the largest houses in the Willesden parish.
During the 18th century the Nicoll family replaced the Roberts as the dominant family in Neasden. In the 19th century these farmers and moneyers at the Royal Mint wholly owned Neasden House and much of the land in the area.
Neasden was no more than a "retired hamlet" when enclosure was completed in 1823. At this time there were six cottages, four larger houses or farms, a public house and a smithy, grouped around the green. The dwellings include The Grove, which had been bought by a London solicitor named James Hall, and its former outbuilding, which Hall had converted into a house that became known as The Grange. The Welsh Harp reservoir was completed in 1835 but breached in 1841 with fatalities. It had a dramatic effect on the landscape as the damming of the River Brent put many fields and meadows under water.
In the early 1850s, Neasden had a population of about 110. As London grew in the second half of the 19th century, the demand for horses for transport in London soared. Neasden farms concentrated on rearing and providing horses for the city. Town work was exhausting and unhealthy for the horses, and in 1886 the RSPCA formed a committee to set up the Home of Rest for Horses with grounds in Sudbury and Neasden, where for a small fee town horses were allowed to graze in the open for a few weeks.
Urbanisation
The urbanisation of Neasden began with the arrival of the railway. The first railway running through Neasden (Hendon–Acton and Bedford–St. Pancras) was opened for goods traffic in October 1868, with passenger services following soon. In 1875, Dudding Hill, the first station in the area, was opened, and the Metropolitan Railway was extended through Neasden shortly afterwards. Neasden station was opened on Neasden Lane in 1880. New housing, initially for railway workers, was built in the village (particularly around Village Way) with all the streets named after Metropolitan Railway stations in Buckinghamshire. These survive today, and are called Quainton Street and Verney Street, followed by Aylesbury Street in the 1900s.
In 1883, an Anglican mission chapel, St Saviour's, was set up in the village. Its priest, the Reverend James Mills, became an important and popular figure in late 19th century Neasden. In 1885 Mills took over St Andrew's, Kingsbury and became vicar of a new parish, Neasden-cum-Kingsbury, created because of the area's rising population.
Before Mills' arrival, the only sporting facilities in Neasden had been two packs of foxhounds, both of which had disbanded by 1857. Mills became founder president of Neasden Cricket Club and encouraged musical societies. In 1893 a golf club was founded at Neasden House; however only 10% of its members came from Neasden.
In the 1890s change led to a conscious effort to create a village atmosphere. At this time, the Spotted Dog became a social centre for local people. By 1891 Neasden had a population of 930, half of whom lived in the village. Despite the presence of the village in the west, it was the London end that grew fastest.
In 1893 the Great Central Railway obtained permission to join up its main line from Nottingham with the Metropolitan. Trains ran on or alongside the Metropolitan track to a terminus at Marylebone (this is now the modern day Chiltern Main Line). The Great Central set up a depot south of the line at Neasden and built houses for its workers (Gresham and Woodheyes Roads). The Great Central village was a "singularly isolated and self-contained community" with its own school and single shop, Branch No. 1 of the North West London Co-operative Society. It is now part of a conservation area. There was considerable sporting rivalry between the two railway estates, and a football match was played every Good Friday. By the 1930s the two railways employed over 1000 men.
Neasden Hospital was built in 1894 and closed in 1986.
Early 20th century
Apart from the railways, Neasden was dominated by agriculture until just before the First World War. In 1911, Neasden's population had swelled to 2,074. By 1913, light industry at Church End had spread up Neasden Lane as far as the station.
In the 1920s, the building of the North Circular Road, a main arterial route round London, brought another wave of development; it opened in 1922–23. The 1924–25 British Empire Exhibition led to road improvements and the introduction of new bus services. Together with the North Circular Road, it paved the way for a new residential suburb at Neasden. In 1930 Neasden House was part demolished. The last farm in Neasden (covering The Rise, Elm Way and Vicarage Way) was built over in 1935. The Ritz cinema opened in 1935 and Neasden Shopping Parade was opened in 1936, and was considered the most up-to-date in the area. All of Neasden's older houses were demolished during this period, except for The Grange, and the Spotted Dog was rebuilt in mock-Tudor style. Industries sprung up in the south of the area, and by 1949, Neasden's population was over 13,000.
WW2 and post-war period
The Post Office Research Station was located nearby in Dollis Hill. There the Colossus computers, among the world's first, were built in 1943-1944 and underneath it the Paddock wartime cabinet rooms were constructed in 1939.
In 1945, Willesden Borough council acquired land by the North Circular Road to build temporary prefab homes. There were two sites: one called Ascot Park built beside the gas factory, and another either side of The Pantiles public house (which is now converted into a McDonald's restaurant). Most of the prefab homes were demolished by the end of the 1950s.
The post-war history of Neasden is one of steady decline; local traffic congestion problems necessitated the building of an underpass on the North Circular Road that effectively cut Neasden in half and had a disastrous effect on the shopping centre by making pedestrian access to it difficult. The decline in industry through the 1970s also contributed to the area's decline. But nonetheless Neasden has survived, largely due to a succession of vibrant immigrant communities keeping the local economy afloat. Neasden Depot continues to be the main storage and maintenance depot for the London Underground's Metropolitan line (and is also used by trains of the Jubilee line); it is London Underground's largest depot and as such it is a major local employer.
Neasden Power Station, which was built to provide power for the Metropolitan Railway, was closed and demolished in 1968.
After the war, a new housing estate called St Raphael's Estate was built west of the North Circular Road and to the east of the River Brent and Wembley.
In 1978, Tesco purchased a 43 acre site in Neasden's Brent Park retail area by the North Circular Road. The borough council objected against the building of a superstore due to threats against local merchants. The superstore was eventually opened in 1985, and Tesco called it London's largest food store. It continues to operate today as Tesco Extra Wembley.
In 1988, IKEA opened its second UK store at the Brent Park retail area, at the site of the old Ascot Gas Water Heater factory.
Contemporary history
The Grange Tavern (previously called The Old Spotted Dog) on Neasden Lane was closed in the 1990s and demolished to make way for a block of flats, bringing to an end the inn that had stood there for around two centuries. Another old pub, The Pantiles which stood on the North Circular Road was converted to another McDonald's restaurant. The Swedish furniture retailer, IKEA opened its second UK outlet in Neasden in 1988.
On 14 July 1993 in an MI5 anti-terrorist operation, a Provisional IRA man was arrested in his car on Crest Road carrying a 20 lb bomb. It came just over a year after the Staples Corner bombing just over 500 yards away, which devastated the junction.
In 1995, Neasden became the home of the biggest Hindu temple outside India: the Neasden Temple.
The area around Neasden Lane North was for a while terrorised by a local gang called "Press Road Crew" who carried knives, dealt drugs and performed vandalism. In 2003, seven members were caught and were banned from the streets they were active in, including Chalkhill Estate in Wembley Park, in the then biggest (by area size) anti-social behaviour order in Britain.
In 2004, the Shopping Centre area was partially redeveloped by the council in an effort to reverse its fortunes. The Grange, which had housed a community museum about the people of Brent was closed by the council in 2005. The building is now a restaurant with its namesake, located inside the Neasden roundabout. The 2004 redevelopment proved to be unpopular with local businesses as it changed the layouts of parking, thus forcing customers and local trade to pass by due to the parking restrictions of the redevelopment.
In 2018 the writer Nicholas Lezard called Neasden a "prime example of what happens when a big road [North Circular] both carves up and strangles an area."
Politics
Neasden is within the UK parliament constituency of Brent Central, currently represented by Dawn Butler MP (Lab). The part of Neasden north of the railway tracks is in the Welsh Harp ward, while the part to the south is in the Stonebridge ward.
Neasden in popular culture
Neasden was once nicknamed ‘the loneliest village in London’.
* "The loneliest village in London"
Neasden has achieved considerable notoriety thanks to the British satirical magazine, Private Eye. Since early in its history (when the magazine was actually printed in Neasden) the magazine has used Neasden as an exemplar of the suburban environment in pieces parodying current events, personalities, and social mores (for example, the University of Neasden). Spoof sports reports in the magazine usually feature the perennially unsuccessful football team, Neasden F.C. with their manager, "ashen-faced" Ron Knee and their only two supporters, Sid and Doris Bonkers.
* Private Eye
Neasden was one of the locations in the TV documentary Metro-land. In it, Sir John Betjeman described Neasden as "home of the gnome and the average citizen" (the former a reference to the preponderance of gnome statuettes in suburban front-gardens, but possibly also a nod in the direction of the Eye's fictional proprietor, Lord Gnome). Background music was provided by William Rushton’s recording of Neasden (1972) ("Neasden/You won't be sorry that you breezed in").
* Metro-land
In a celebrated spoof of the Early Music phenomenon which grew enormously in the late 1960s, Neasden was selected by BBC Radiophonic Workshop composer David Cain, as the home of a fictional ensemble dedicated to historically-informed performances on authentic musical instruments from an indeterminate number of centuries ago. It was thus that in 1968, listeners to BBC Radio 3 were given a recital by the Schola Polyphonica Neasdeniensis, whose members performed on the equally fictional Shagbut, Minikin and Flemish Clackett.
* BBC Radiophonic Workshop
Athletico Neasden was an amateur football team of mostly Jewish players, which played in the Maccabi (Southern) Football League in the 1970s and 1980s and was named after the place, though it did not actually play in the area. The team eventually merged with North West Warriors to form North West Neasden.
* Athletico Neasden
David Sutherland's children's novel A Black Hole in Neasden reveals a gateway to another planet in a Neasden back garden. Diana Evans's 2006 novel, 26a, details the experiences of twin girls of Nigerian and British descent growing up in Neasden.
* Literature
Willie Hamilton reported in 'My Queen and I' that the Victorian order medals were made on a production line in Neasden from used railway lines.
* Victorian Order medals
A pirate radio station, Dread Broadcasting Corporation, credited as Britain's first black music radio station, was broadcast from a Neasden garden between 1981 and 1984.
* Dread Broadcasting Corporation
In the episode "Planet of the Machines", Dangermouse and Penfold arrive back in Neasden from the planet in the Baron's space time machine
* Dangermouse
Konnie Huq and Matt Cooke from BBC TV present the Your News programme from Neasden.
* BBC Your News
Local attractions
* BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London, South Neasden NW10
* Brent Reservoir
* Neasden Bunker, North Neasden, Brook Road NW2 - alternative Cabinet War Rooms.
* Sufra & St. Raphael's Edible Garden
Tube
Neasden station is on the Jubilee line and is the only train station in a pretty wide geographic area, excluding Dollis Hill station which is close but on the same line. The southern end of St Raphael's Estate is close to Stonebridge Park station, while the northern end of Neasden (near Staples Corner) is pretty close to Hendon station. In the early 2020s, Brent Cross West station will be opened which would replace Hendon as the nearest Thameslink station for Neasden.
Notable Neasdonians
* Twiggy (model and actress)
* Gerry Anderson (producer, director and writer)
* Ginger Baker (musician)
* Bert Elkin (professional footballer)
* Diana Evans (Novelist)
* Mario Fabrizi (film, TV and radio personality)
* Vinny Feeney (boxer)
* Judy Grinham (Olympic swimmer)
* Charlie Kunz (musician)
* Arthur Ted Powell (artist)
* George the Poet (spoken-word artist)
* William Roberts (Member of Parliament)
* Jock Rutherford (footballer)
* Raheem Sterling (footballer)
* Gary Warren (actor)
* Graham Young ("The Teacup Poisoner")
* Mari Wilson (singer)
* Angelos Epithemiou (fictional character)
* Bob Marley (reggae singer)
* Chunkz (social media personality and singer)
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WIKI
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Phantom 2040 (video game)
Phantom 2040 is an action-adventure platform game published by Viacom New Media in 1995 for the Genesis, Super NES and Game Gear. The game is directly based upon the animated television series Phantom 2040 but follows a plotline not strictly taken by the show. The game has been classified as a metroidvania, and plays similarly to the Metroid and Castlevania series.
Gameplay
The game follows primarily side-scrolling action elements. At several points in the storyline, players can make a direct choice about which path they take (in each case, the paths reconvene at the next chapter). Every choice the player makes results in a unique ending, meaning over 20 different endings are available. A select few endings are classified as successful endings, while all others result in negative outcomes for the city of Metropia and present the player with the message "Try Again".
Phantom 2040 has a heavy emphasis on exploration. It is up to the player to locate the area's objective or exit, and every area offers optional areas with restoration kits or weapon upgrades. Some areas are locked by numbered gates that must be opened by destroying the remote lock of the same number, located elsewhere in that area (additionally, some locks can only be accessed if the area is reached by a secret underground network of sewer systems which connect every area). The area's objective may include locating a keycard, dealing with a boss or simply finding access to the next area. The majority of areas can all be revisited at the player's leisure anytime after they are unlocked.
Version differences
The story line in Phantom 2040 is presented differently in the NTSC and PAL versions of the game. In the NTSC version of Phantom 2040 in the options menu the player has the choice of having the game's story presented to them in cinematics between levels and dialog between characters, or in a short point-list of what happens in those cinematics. In the PAL version, only the summarized story line is available, and the player may choose what language the game's text is displayed in.
Plot
While the backstory Phantom 2040 is exactly the same as the backstory of the television series, the video game does not specifically enact any of the series' episodes but instead borrows elements from various episodes in the overarching story of the Phantom's mission to stop Maximum, Inc. from dominating Metropia.
Backstory
It is the year 2040, all environmental disasters and the economic Resource Wars of the early twenty-first century have had catastrophic effects upon the Earth's ecological balance. Ever-increasing polarisation of wealth, along with the development of humanoid, robotic "biots" (Biological Optical Transputer Systems), have resulted in a social demographic that leaves the majority of the world's population scavenging in the undercity slums while a wealthy minority live luxurious lives in towering skyscrapers. The Earth's population continues to rise, but without the resources to support them or the jobs to sustain them, they are cast onto the streets of the over-urbanised mega-cities.
The megalopolis of Metropia, a reformed and renamed New York City, is the world's most powerful city-state and within it are the headquarters of the world's most powerful corporation, Maximum Inc. Maximum's mass production of biots and its influence upon the world's corrupted leaders has allowed it to shape Metropia into a cold and metallic urban center, where technologically advanced buildings and transport systems have replaced any natural plant or animal life. Maximum's chairperson, Rebecca Madison, driven by the violent death of her husband Maxwell Madison Sr. and a desire for revenge against the Phantom who she believes killed him, has plans to construct an impenetrable fortress called Cyberville where the elite wealthy can retreat once Earth deteriorates beyond hope of restoration. Maximum's hidden underground biot factories are illegally constructing Maximum's personal biot army, which Rebecca will use to guarantee the world's collapse so that she may take control of the world through Cyberville.
In the Ghost Jungle (a gigantic, hidden stretch of jungle twisting through Metropia's ruins and underground), Kit Walker discovers that he is the 24th Phantom, sworn to bring an end to piracy, greed, and violence, a role passed from father to son for 500 years. Kit's father was killed with Maxwell Madison Sr. in a mysterious toxic train wreck, and now it is up to the Phantom to stop Rebecca Madison's plans of worldwide domination.
Game storyline
The game's storyline revolves around multiple threats against Metropia. Rebecca Madison seeks to find the fabled Black Panther, the last of its kind, to use its blood in an infusion that will allow her to trap her dead husband's captured brainwaves inside a living body. Once Maxwell Madison Sr. is revived, Maximum will be unstoppable.
However, a rogue smuggler called Tracker has captured the Black Panther and both Maximum and the Phantom will do anything to rescue it. The Phantom succeeds first, but must decide between keeping the Panther safe in the Ghost Jungle or exchanging it to the shady information broker Mr. Cairo for the whereabouts of the Phantom's friend and mentor Professor Archer, who has been kidnapped by Maximum.
Meanwhile, Maximum is secretly harvesting rare Ghost Jungle plants with photosynthetic properties for use in particle laser technologies. Rebecca Madison is constructing a giant battleship under the facade of protecting the Political Summit, which is soon to meet in Metropia, but in actuality plans to destroy the Summit before it can outlaw combat biots of any kind. The Phantom manages to warn the Summit and destroy the battleship Prometheus, but further plant shipments are being sent to Sean One, terrorist and leader of the Orbital colonies who will go to any lengths to achieve independence for the Orbital people.
The Phantom must find a way to stop both Sean One's deadly particle beam cannon and Rebecca's use of the Panther in restoring her husband's brainwaves, but there are multiple other threads to deal with in the process, including:
* Experiments with mutants in secret laboratories below the city
* Massive combat biot factories building new, dangerous types of biots
* A missile launch targeting a suburban area
* Rebecca's Madison's disturbed son, Max Madison Jr. in his virtually controlled Legion biot
* A group of telepathically mutated women called the Triad
Differences between the game and series
The game ignores several important plot "twists" revealed in the cartoon. For example, in the game, Mr. Cairo is not yet completely loyal to the Phantom. Additionally, Maxwell Madison Sr, who is revealed late in the series to have been good friends with the 23rd Phantom up until his death, remains antagonistic in the game's last chapter. Sagan Cruz's allegiance with the Phantom is absent, though she is seen reporting on events within the game. Otherwise, the game's characters remain very accurate to the characters seen in the series: Dr. Jak arrogantly and enthusiastically reports events between chapters, Graft's loyalty to Maximum wavers multiple times, Maxwell Madison Jr. has the same cool and uninterested attitude, and Sean One remains coldly apathetic towards humankind on Earth.
Reception
Electronic Gaming Monthly gave the Super NES version a 6.875 out of 10. Three of their four reviewers had an overall positive reaction to the game, though they criticized the constant spawning of robot enemies and the lack of originality. They were critical of the walking animation for the title character but assessed the graphics in general to be very good, and also praised the game's cinematics and non-linear quest. Atomic Dawg of GamePro, while cautioning that the game's high difficulty makes it suitable only for hardcore gamers, was more enthusiastic, calling it "a rip-roaring action/adventure game that pumps the best elements of the genre: fast-moving, side-view, beat-em-up action; multiple selectable weapons; and hordes of enemies." He additionally praised the "excellent" controls, graphics, and multiple endings. He reviewed the Genesis version with equal enthusiasm, commenting that "if you hunger for a 16-bit challenge, Phantom 2040 is a feast made even more satisfying by lengthy replay value."
Bro' Buzz of GamePro had a much more mixed assessment of the Game Gear version, stating the gameplay is strong with a variety of "slick moves", but that the audio and graphics pale compared to the console versions, making it easy to lose track of the Phantom and his enemies against the backgrounds.
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WIKI
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Evernote’s new privacy policy allows employees to read your notes – TechCrunch
Evernote announced that it will roll out a new privacy policy on January 23, and the changes have users threatening to abandon the service. The policy changes have to do with machine learning, which Evernote says it is using to “help you get the most out of your Evernote experience.” Evernote wants to let its machine learning algorithms crunch your data, but it doesn’t want to stop there — the company also wants to let some of its employees read your notes so it can ensure that the machine learning is functioning properly. “The latest update to the Privacy Policy allows some Evernote employees to exercise oversight of machine learning technologies applied to account content,” Evernote said in an announcement of the new privacy policy. “While our computer systems do a pretty good job, sometimes a limited amount of human review is simply unavoidable in order to make sure everything is working exactly as it should.” Evernote claims that only a limited number of employees who have undergone background checks will be able to access user data and that users can encrypt notes they consider sensitive to prevent employees from reading them. But many Evernote users aren’t satisfied with those protections and are threatening to leave the service. Loved using @evernote, sorry their new privacy policy mean I'll be moving my notes somewhere else. They ain't for engineers to pick thru. — Joe Hill (@joe_hill) December 13, 2016 I am super, super glad I stopped using @evernote before I switched into engineering. This is (rightfully) a PR nightmare. https://t.co/sUDslvTs2w — In a Sexy French Depresseán (@SeanMHanson) December 14, 2016 Evernote says users can opt out of having their notes reviewed for machine learning purposes, but says that no user can opt out of having their notes read altogether. Employees can also read notes to investigate violations of the company’s terms of service or to comply with law enforcement or court orders. Update 12/16: Evernote has walked back this change to its privacy policy and now says that users will have to opt in to let employees read their notes for the purposes of machine learning. “Our customers let us know that we messed up, in no uncertain terms. We heard them, and we’re taking immediate action to fix it,” CEO Chris O’Neill said.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Bdehdcfg: size
Applies To: Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8
Specifies the size of the system partition when a new system drive is being created. For an example of how this command can be used, see Examples.
Syntax
bdehdcfg -target {default|unallocated|<DriveLetter> shrink} -size <SizeinMB>
Parameters
Parameter
Description
<SizeinMB>
Indicates the number of megabytes (MB) to use for the new partition.
Remarks
If you do not specify a size, the tool will use the default value of 300 MB. The minimum size of the system drive is 100 MB. If you will store system recovery or other system tools on the system partition, you should increase the size accordingly.
Note
The size command cannot be combined with the target <DriveLetter> merge command.
Examples
The following example illustrates using the size command to allocate 500 MB to the default system drive.
bdehdcfg -target default -size 500
Additional references
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:University Challenge 2011–12
Youthfulness of Leeds team
Is it worth mentioning somewhere in this article that, with an average of just 19, the Leeds team were the youngest team in the 2011-2012 contest? ACEOREVIVED (talk) 14:52, 20 September 2011 (UTC)
Comments on the final
The final has now been broadcast (I type these words on March 20 2012, and the final was on March 19 2012). The article tells us the names of the four members of the Manchester side, but does not state who the captain was - would it not be an idea to spell this out? Also, is it worth pointing out that for the first time in the programme's history, the trophy was awarded outside of the studio where the final took place? ACEOREVIVED (talk) 15:20, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
Episode Numbers
Can we have episode numbers in here please? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:06, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
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WIKI
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User:Rsheil
I hail from Portland, Maine. I go to school in San Francisco, California.
I am a mixed martial arts fan..I'll finish this later.
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WIKI
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Talk:New Slang
Radio show information
No way should over half this article be taken up with this radio show information. It needs some trimming. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 21:54, 18 May 2006
Scrubs
Zach Braff heard the song on "Scrubs." He did not introduce the song to the show, as was previously stated.<IP_ADDRESS> 09:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
* I guess it changed his life. —Preceding unsigned comment added by KenFehling (talk • contribs) 14:33, 4 March 2007
Please also add information about in wich episode the song appeared! --JPGoelz (talk) 12:39, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
Club Nights
That part is completely unnecessary. Who cares if some dive bar in England hosts a night? If anything, it should be on the page of that particular bar, not this page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pottski (talk • contribs) 17:49, 14 March 2007
* Thanks for pointing that out. I have deleted it. --Paul Erik 05:04, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:The-Shins-New-Slang-285279.jpg
Image:The-Shins-New-Slang-285279.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:15, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
Song name?
Does anybody know why the song name in the article is listed as New Slang (When You Notice the Stripes)? I can't find a reliable source that back's up that "When You Notice the Stripes" is part of the proper title. Heck, even theshins.com and SubPop (the label) have it listed as New Slang only. I did find a couple of lyrics sites that refer to it as New Slang (When You Notice the Stripes), but I would hardly consider those to be reliable sources, especially ones over the band's own and the label's own websites. Until someone can provide a reliable reference documenting the New Slang (When You Notice the Stripes) title, I'm changing it back to New Slang Ioeth (talk contribs friendly) 21:21, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
Well, the CD packaging is pretty reliable, and on the inside it lists the song as New Slang (When You Notice the Stripes). I've added a note that it is also called that. --CoastTOcoast533 (talk) 16:43, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
different versions?
What about different versions of this song? Via youtube you can find the ~3:50 version (which can be found on the Shins' album and on the Garden State soundtrack), but there is also a version that is about 3:28. The latter sounds a bit muffled and seems to lack a guitar solo at the end. Is it the work of an commited user of youtube, was this version in the actual film Garden State (I don't remember) or what? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:09, 19 November 2009 (UTC)
American Idol
This song was used in the background of American Idol Season 9 Hollywood Week, first episode (2/9/10) when a contestant's (Vanessa Wolfe) backstory was reintroduced. I will look for a source, but if anyone finds one first please add this information.
Music Video — Album Covers
The music video can be seen here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYwCmcB0XMw&ob=av3e
I think there are other album covers recreated that are not listed in this article, or at least other iconic images from music history. The four of them in the pool, for example, is a reference to this image of the Beatles.
Can anyone identify any other album covers, or references? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mitc0185 (talk • contribs) 15:05, 23 September 2010 (UTC)
meter
What's up with this song's meter? It seems mostly to be in four, (like typical popular music). But the verses don't quite work out that way; apparently they contain some non-four-beat measures.
Articles about other songs that have atypical meters (like Pink Floyd's Money, or Take Five) often discuss that point. It would be nice to have such a section here.
Can anybody cite a source for such a discussion? TypoBoy (talk) 17:40, 31 July 2013 (UTC)
External links modified
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Amal Kassir
Amal Kassir (امل قصير; born 6 June 1995) is an American international award winning spoken word poet.
Early life and education
Amal Kassir was born on 6 June 1995 in Denver. She is the fourth of five children. Her name means "hope" in Arabic. She was born to Melissa, an Iowa-German convert to Islam living in Nebraska and Mahmoud Kassir, a Syrian. Her mom had converted to Islam as a teenager. They moved to Denver to join a growing Muslim community. She was passionate for human rights from a young age, as her mother recalled how once when Amal was four and they were cleaning the garage, the child climbed atop the pile of castoff items and began reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. "She thrust her finger in the air and shouted, 'And liberty and justice for all!'" Melissa Kassir recalled. As two years later the terrorist attack against the Twin Towers on the 11 September occurred, a person threw a brick-stone through the window of the family restaurant and Kassir was insulted for wearing a hijab. Her parents decided to move to Kassir's grandmother's house on the outskirts of the Syrian capital, Damascus. Amal Kassir lived in Syria for three years, learning Arabic and bonded with her "60-something cousins." On her first day at the private school her parents sent her to, a teacher asked Amal which she liked better, America or Syria. When Amal replied "America," the teacher slapped her face. A decade later, Kassir grieved as 15 of those family members were killed during the Syrian civil war. After attending community college, Kassir graduated from the University of Colorado.
Career
She gives tours around the United States, reciting poetry and has given TED talks. In her poetry she reflects on how the Syrian civil war has affected her. During the 2009 Gaza war, she wrote a poem reflecting on its destruction. She sings in Arabic as well. After Donald Trump signed Executive Order 13769 in 2017, limiting immigration in 2017, she led protests against it.
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Spring bean configuration inheritance
In Spring, the inheritance is supported in bean configuration for a bean to share common values, properties or configurations.
A child bean or inherited bean can inherit its parent bean configurations, properties and some attributes. In additional, the child beans are allow to override the inherited value.
See following full example to show you how bean configuration inheritance works in Spring.
package com.mkyong.common;
public class Customer {
private int type;
private String action;
private String Country;
//...
}
Bean configuration file
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="BaseCustomerMalaysia" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer">
<property name="country" value="Malaysia" />
</bean>
<bean id="CustomerBean" parent="BaseCustomerMalaysia">
<property name="action" value="buy" />
<property name="type" value="1" />
</bean>
</beans>
Above is a ‘BaseCustomerMalaysia’ bean contains a ‘Malaysia’ value for country property, and the ‘CustomerBean’ bean inherited this value from its parent (‘BaseCustomerMalaysia’).
Run it
package com.mkyong.common;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringBeans.xml");
Customer cust = (Customer)context.getBean("CustomerBean");
System.out.println(cust);
}
}
output
Customer [type=1, action=buy, Country=Malaysia]
The ‘CustomerBean’ bean just inherited the country property from its parent (‘BaseCustomerMalaysia’).
Inheritance with abstract
In above example, the ‘BaseCustomerMalaysia’ is still able to instantiate, for example,
Customer cust = (Customer)context.getBean("BaseCustomerMalaysia");
If you want to make this base bean as a template and not allow others to instantiate it, you can add an ‘abstract‘ attribute in the <bean> element. For example
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="BaseCustomerMalaysia" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer" abstract="true">
<property name="country" value="Malaysia" />
</bean>
<bean id="CustomerBean" parent="BaseCustomerMalaysia">
<property name="action" value="buy" />
<property name="type" value="1" />
</bean>
</beans>
Now, the ‘BaseCustomerMalaysia’ bean is a pure template, for bean to inherit it only, if you try to instantiate it, you will encounter the following error message.
Customer cust = (Customer)context.getBean("BaseCustomerMalaysia");
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanIsAbstractException:
Error creating bean with name 'BaseCustomerMalaysia':
Bean definition is abstract
Pure Inheritance Template
Actually, parent bean is not necessary to define class attribute, often times, you may just need a common property for sharing. Here’s is an example
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="BaseCustomerMalaysia" abstract="true">
<property name="country" value="Malaysia" />
</bean>
<bean id="CustomerBean" parent="BaseCustomerMalaysia"
class="com.mkyong.common.Customer">
<property name="action" value="buy" />
<property name="type" value="1" />
</bean>
</beans>
In this case, the ‘BaseCustomerMalaysia’ bean is a pure template, to share its ‘country’ property only.
Overrride it
However, you are still allow to override the inherited value by specify the new value in the child bean. Let’s see this example
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="BaseCustomerMalaysia" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer" abstract="true">
<property name="country" value="Malaysia" />
</bean>
<bean id="CustomerBean" parent="BaseCustomerMalaysia">
<property name="country" value="Japan" />
<property name="action" value="buy" />
<property name="type" value="1" />
</bean>
</beans>
The ‘CustomerBean’ bean is just override the parent (‘BaseCustomerMalaysia’) country property, from ‘Malaysia’ to ‘Japan’.
Customer [Country=Japan, action=buy, type=1]
Conclusion
The Spring bean configuration inheritance is very useful to avoid the repeated common value or configurations for multiple beans.
Download Source Code
Download It – Spring-Bean-Inheritance-Example.zip (5 KB)
About the Author
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mkyong
Founder of Mkyong.com, love Java and open source stuff. Follow him on Twitter, or befriend him on Facebook or Google Plus. If you like my tutorials, consider make a donation to these charities.
Comments
Leave a Reply
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newest oldest most voted
chitra
Guest
chitra
i have a class B that extends class A..
is that necessary/compulsory to give the relationship in spring configuration file while initializing like this
if we don’t give what will happen??
santu
Guest
santu
not required in inheritence,,,,, if u r going with composition & u don’t want to create object of dependent class then u have to provide information about ur classes to IOC
thakurvijendar
Guest
thakurvijendar
HI,
i have a simple question,
apart from restricting the parent bean to be instantiated, is there any other advantage of making parent bean abstract or is it the only reason..
Hammad Ali Khan
Guest
Hammad Ali Khan
if I have some class like this
public abstract class Action{
public abstract void execute();
}
and other class is
public class Play{
@Override
public void execute(){
//somework
}
}
than what should i do
Sagar Dontha
Guest
Sagar Dontha
nicely explained thank you Mkyong…..
Tomasz Drozdowski
Guest
Tomasz Drozdowski
There is a typo in paragraph title:
“Overrride it”
Manan
Guest
Manan
I wonder how come private properties of Customer Class are inherited and available to child class? In Java it does not that way right? It will be helpful if you can provide some more information on that.
– Thanks.
Sunny Mishra
Guest
Sunny Mishra
If you notice properly, we are inheriting the class, but it is inheritance on bean level. Therefore, a child bean can inherit values of parent bean. When you say childBean.getAttribute1() you actually are calling the getAttribute1() on parentBean (assuming attribute1 beaing an attribute in the class)
springdeveloper
Guest
springdeveloper
ur telling correct but we are not inheriting the class,we are inheriting bean dependency object ,so child bean copy of properties in parent bean .
Sunny Mishra
Guest
Sunny Mishra
That is what I meant. Nitpicking huh? :)
SivaKarthik
Guest
SivaKarthik
yes..its true..i applied the same in my real-time project.. its so helpful and avoiding to rewrite the same kind of properties in multiple beans. Explained simply nd clearly. Thank You.
Chris Mead
Guest
Chris Mead
Thanks! This helped me out of some hair pulling. For some reason specifying the class for the parent class was causing problems for me.
Dimitri
Guest
Dimitri
You should write a book
Surabhi
Guest
Surabhi
Thanks very clearly explained.
Prashanth.K
Guest
Prashanth.K
Hi mkyong,
Superb tutorial….! I learn a lot many things here…Thanks for this tutorial…!
Shaswat
Guest
Shaswat
Hi,
1. Do i need to declare like
‘public abstract class BaseCustomerMalaysia’ in bean file ?
2. Do i need to extend BaseCustomerMalaysia to CustomerBean ?
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HomePhabricator
pyoxidizer: use Python 3.9 (BC)
Authored by indygreg.
Description
pyoxidizer: use Python 3.9 (BC)
Newer versions of PyOxidizer use Python 3.9 by default. We
previously pinned the version to 3.8 to facilitate porting to
a new PyOxidizer version and diffing results.
Now that the porting work is complete, let's bump Python
to Python 3.9.
This will effectively change our Windows Inno and WiX Python 3
installers from Python 3.8 to 3.9.
.. bc::
Windows .msi and .exe installers now use Python 3.9 instead of
Python 3.8.
Differential Revision: https://phab.mercurial-scm.org/D10689
Details
Committed
indygregMay 6 2021, 12:27 PM
Differential Revision
D10689: pyoxidizer: use Python 3.9 (BC)
Parents
rHG73f1a10320d1: packaging: use PyOxidizer for producing WiX MSI installer
Branches
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 53 Part 2.djvu/811
1287 53 STAT.] 76TH CONG., 1ST SESS.-CH. 615-AUG. 9, 1939 is contemplated shall be given appropriate notice and an opportunity to prevent his views, either orally or in writing, with regard to such contemplated proceeding. CEASE AND DESIST PROCEEDINGS SEC. 409. (a) WVlenever the Secretary of Agriculture has reason to Cease and desist believe that any person has violated or is violating any of the Pervieeinofcomplint; provisions of this Act or the rules and regulations made and hearing promulgated thereunder, he shall cause a complaint in writing to be served upon the person, stating his charges in that respect, and requiring the person to attend and testify at a hearing at a time and place designated therein, at least thirty days after the service of such complaint; and at such time and place there shall be afforded the person a reasonable opportunity to be informed as to the evidence introduced against him (including the right of cross-examination), and to be heard in person or by counsel and through witnesses, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe. At any time prior to the close of the hearing the Secretary of Agriculture may amend the complaint; but in case of any amend- ment adding new provisions the hearing shall, on the request of the person, be adjourned for a period not exceeding fifteen days. (b) If, after such hearing, the Secretary of Agriculture finds that Cease and desist the person has violated or is violating any provisions of the Act or violation founed if rules and regulations covered by the charges, he shall make a report in writing in which he shall state his findings as to the facts, and shall issue and cause to be served on the person an order requiring such person to cease and desist from continuing such violation. The testimony taken at the hearing shall be reduced to writing and filed in the records of the Department of Agriculture. (c) Until a transcript of the record in such hearing has been filed Amendment, etc.,of in a circuit court of appeals, as provided in section 410, the Secretary report or order of Agriculture at any time, upon such notice and in such manner as he deems proper, but only after reasonable opportunity to the person to be heard, may amend or set aside the report or order, in whole or in part. (d) Complaints, orders, and other processes of the Secretary of Servi, r f e;;;',,, ' Agriculture under this section may be served by anyone duly autllor- other p.rocesses. ized by the Secretary of Agriculture, either (1) by delivering a copy thereof to the person to be served, or to a member of the partnership to be served, or to the president, secretary, or other executive officer or a director of the corporation to be served; or (2) by leaving a copy thereof at the principal office or place of business of such person, partnership, or corporation; or (3) by registering and mailing a copy thereof addressed to such person, partnership, or corporation at his or its last known principal office or place of business. The verified return by the person so serving said complaint, order, or other proc- ess setting forth the manner of said order shall be proof of the same, and the return post-office receipt for said complaint, order, or other process registered and mailed as aforesaid shall be proof of the service of the same. SEC. 410. An order made under section 409 shall be final and conclu- Order final unless sive unless within thirty days after the service the person appeals to h irty days. hin the circuit court of appeals for the circuit in which such person resides or has his principal place of business by filing with the clerk of such court a written petition praying that the Secretary's order be set aside or modified in the manner stated in the petition, together Bond. with a bond in such sum as the court may determine, conditioned that such person will pay the costs of the proceedings if the court so directs.
�
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WIKI
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Helen Binyon
Helen Francesca Mary Binyon (9 December 1904 – 22 November 1979) was a British artist and writer. She was also a watercolour painter, an illustrator and a puppeteer.
Biography
Binyon was born in Chelsea in London, her father being the poet and scholar Laurence Binyon, and was educated at St Paul's Girls' School. Helen Binyon studied at the Royal College of Art, RCA, between 1922 and 1926 where she was taught by Paul Nash and her fellow pupils included Edward Bawden and Eric Ravilious. After spending some time at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris, Binyon studied engraving at the Central School of Arts and Crafts from 1928 to 1930. Shortly afterwards she had a joint exhibition, with Bawden and Ravilious, at the Redfern Gallery in London. Throughout her life, Binyon remained close to her RCA peer group.
Between 1931 and 1938, Binyon taught part-time at the Eastbourne College of Art and also at the North London Collegiate School. With her twin sister, Margaret, Binyon established a travelling puppet theatre, Jiminy Puppets. During 1938, the sisters performed a one-act play, Old Spain, twice-nightly at a theatre in Notting Hill in London. The play was accompanied with music by Lennox Berkeley, a verse libretto by Montagu Slater and had Benjamin Britten playing the piano score. Also during 1938, Binyon worked for Robert Gibbings producing illustrations for the Penguin Illustrated Classics series, including an edition of Pride and Prejudice.
During World War II, Binyon worked for the Admiralty drawing hydrographic charts. Later in the conflict she worked on the preparation of photographic exhibitions for the Ministry of Information and also served in the ambulance service. After the War, Binyon taught at the Willesden School of Art and then at the Bath Academy of Art from 1949 to 1965. A solo show of her watercolours was held at the Grafton Gallery in 1979. Binyon's interest in puppetry continued throughout her life and she wrote two books on the subject, including a 1971 survey of professional puppetry commissioned by the Arts Council. She also wrote the first published volume on Ravilious and illustrated several other books, including her fathers' play Brief Candles and a series of books written by her sister Margaret Binyon. Her children's book illustrations were often in pen and ink but she also produced wood engravings for her other book work. She was a member of the Society of Wood Engravers.
Published works
* Angeline or L'Amie Inconnne (1933, Swan Press) by M.Edgeworth, illustrated by Helen Binyon
* Sophro the Wise. A play for children by Laurence Binyon with Margaret and Helen Binyon (1927, Ernest Benn)
* Brief Candles, a play by Laurence Binyon, with engravings by Helen Binyon
* The Birthday party (1940, Oxford University Press, OUP) with Margaret Binyon
* Polly and Jane (1940, OUP) with Margaret Binyon
* A Country Visit (1940, OUP) with Margaret Binyon
* A Day at the Sea (1940, OUP) with Margaret Binyon
* Christmas Eve, A tale of Children (1942, OUP)
* The Picnic (1944, OUP)
* Polly Goes to School (1944, OUP)
* Polly and Jane's House (1949, OUP)
* The Railway Journey (1949, OUP)
* The Children Next Door (1949, Aladdin Books)
* An Everyday Alphabet (1952, OUP)
* Puppetry Today (1966)
* Professional Puppetry in England (1973)
* Eric Raviliouis - Memoir of an Artist (1983, Lutterworth Press)
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php.net | support | documentation | report a bug | advanced search | search howto | statistics | random bug | login
Bug #43225 fputcsv incorrectly handles cells ending in \ followed by "
Submitted: 2007-11-09 14:59 UTC Modified: 2018-09-13 12:35 UTC
Votes:45
Avg. Score:4.4 ± 0.9
Reproduced:40 of 40 (100.0%)
Same Version:7 (17.5%)
Same OS:9 (22.5%)
From: ed at bronto dot com Assigned: cmb (profile)
Status: Duplicate Package: Filesystem function related
PHP Version: 5.2.4 OS: Centos
Private report: No CVE-ID: None
[2007-11-09 14:59 UTC] ed at bronto dot com
Description:
------------
Using fputcsv to output a cell that ends with a \ followed by double quotes (") causes it to not use any escape sequence. Oddly, fgetscsv is able to parse it correctly. Unlike fgetscsv, I assume fputcsv follows RFC 4180 and uses " as the escape character.
Reproduce code:
---------------
$row = array();
$row[] = 'a\\"';
$row[] = 'bbb';
$fp = fopen('test.csv', 'w+');
fputcsv($fp, $row);
fclose($fp);
Expected result:
----------------
expected output: "a\""",bbb
Actual result:
--------------
actual output: "a\"",bbb
Patches
Add a Patch
Pull Requests
Add a Pull Request
History
AllCommentsChangesGit/SVN commitsRelated reports
[2008-04-17 01:00 UTC] dan at expireddomain dot com
Same problem on windows XP PHP version 5.2.5 on cells that contain a \ followed by double quotes (")
[2009-01-19 12:54 UTC] [email protected]
This bug is the same as bug #38918 and bug #38929.
* fputcsv() does escape values (replacing " with "", for example)
* It seems that fgetcsv() accepts two incompatible unescaping methods
Reproduced:
php > $fp = fopen('php://temp', 'r');
php > fputcsv($fp, array('foo', 'bar\\', 'baz'));
php > rewind($fp);
php > echo fgets($fp);
foo,"bar\",baz
php > rewind($fp);
php > var_dump(fgetcsv($fp));
array(2) {
[0]=>
string(3) "foo"
[1]=>
string(10) "bar\",baz
"
}
php > echo PHP_VERSION;
5.2.6-pl7-gentoo
php >
I believe this problem is due to the fact fgetcsv() accept two escaping methods. An extra argument to fgetcsv() could (maybe?) fix this (and the extra argument could be added to fputcsv too)
[2009-10-09 19:57 UTC] mbest at icontact dot com
[email protected] is wrong. This bug is not about fgetcsv but about fputcsv. fputcsv should always escape a double quote to two double quotes. But it doesn't do so if the field contains \" This will mess up the CSV output such that it will not be importable in Excel or other such programs.
[2011-04-08 20:46 UTC] [email protected]
-Package: Feature/Change Request +Package: Filesystem function related
[2013-01-15 07:05 UTC] [email protected]
I've found the cause of this while writing tests for PR 197.
php_fputcsv(), while iterating over the fields to be output, has this fairly odd "escaped" concept — once escape_char (which is hardcoded \ at present) is seen, escaping stops until the next enclosure (" by default) is seen. It doesn't matter whether it's the following character or not.
After that, escape_char is then ignored anyway, and the enclosure is used as the "escape" character.
This came in via https://github.com/php/php-src/commit/af0adbed3963cdee1bfaf5e3a74b029d2b92c8b7 seven years ago to make the use of enclosures optional — the feature in general is good, but this is definitely an issue in the implementation.
[2013-01-15 07:05 UTC] [email protected]
-Status: Open +Status: Assigned -Assigned To: +Assigned To: aharvey
[2013-01-15 07:35 UTC] [email protected]
-Status: Assigned +Status: Closed -Type: Feature/Change Request +Type: Bug
[2013-01-15 09:43 UTC] [email protected]
Sadly, that was a classic case of fixing one thing and breaking another. Reopening, and unassigning myself.
[2013-01-15 09:43 UTC] [email protected]
-Status: Closed +Status: Re-Opened -Assigned To: aharvey +Assigned To:
[2014-08-21 23:55 UTC] maris dot radu+phpnet at gmail dot com
Just not to confuse people, [email protected] said it's fixed in "5.3.22 and 5.4.12", but in fact I tested in 5.4.31 and it's not fixed.
Looking at the patch commit it seems it's tagged with php-5.6.0beta4, so I guess will only be available in 5.6.
[2014-09-17 12:46 UTC] [email protected]
To summarize the related bugs: fputcsv() seems to be using inconsistent and broken escaping of the enclosing char (`"`) :
- `"` followed by `\` are not escaped
- `"` not followed by `\` are escaped by doubling them (e.g. `"` becomes `""`); leading to inconsistent escaping method
- `\` themselves are not escaped, leading to generation of invalid CSV if a field is terminated by `\`: `"foo bar\",baz`
- With the input `\\"`, the `"` is still considered to be escaped
Due to this combinaison of bugs, it is impossible to parse the CSV generated by the following call:
fputcsv(STDOUT, ['foo\"bar', 'foo""bar', 'foo bar\\']);
Output is:
"foo\"bar","foo""""bar","foo bar\"
Trying to parse this with a parser using the doubled-char escaping method will break on the first field.
Trying to parse this with a parser using the backslash escaping method will break on the 2nd and 3rd fields.
Trying to parse this with a parser allowing both methods will break on the 3rd field. Without the 3rd field, parsing this CSV document would result in loss of information (some `\` or `"` from the original input would be lost).
[2015-07-25 22:14 UTC] marc at ermshaus dot org
The issues with PHP’s CSV functions also seem to be exploitable.
<?php
$handle = fopen('php://memory', 'w+b');
fputcsv($handle, [
'foo bar\\', # 1
'baz quz', # 2
'x', # 3
'y', # 4
'z', # 5
'foo\\\\",bar' # 6
]);
rewind($handle);
var_dump(fgetcsv($handle));
// array(6) {
// [0]=> string(18) "foo bar\",baz quz"" # 1
// [1]=> string(1) "x" # 2 (was # 3)
// [2]=> string(1) "y" # 3 (was # 4)
// [3]=> string(1) "z" # 4 (was # 5)
// [4]=> string(5) "foo\\" # 5
// [5]=> string(4) "bar"" # 6
// }
3v4l.org: http://3v4l.org/LTnC1
[2015-09-16 04:33 UTC] plentysu at kkbox dot com
One thinking to `disable` escape method: fputcsv($handle, $array, ',', '"', "\0")
[2017-04-25 09:38 UTC] enumag at gmail dot com
Still not fixed after almost 10 years? The thing is this can result in formula injection.
http://blog.securelayer7.net/how-to-perform-csv-excel-macro-injection/
For example I have this string (it should go into one cell):
=,test'\","",=cmd|' /C calc'!A0"
According to the article I sanitize it by escaping the = at the beginning with an apostrphe.
'=,test'\","",=cmd|' /C calc'!A0"
Because of this bug however this string can still cause an injection because this bug causes the string to split into multiple cells and the second = is not escped.
[2017-09-11 23:53 UTC] [email protected]
> Still not fixed after almost 10 years?
It is not as simple. We first have to understand why fputcsv() and
friends support an escape character, which is an unrecognized
concept for RFC 4180; however, this RFC is informal and never made
it to a standard, so an escape character may make perfect sense.
But how exactly is it supposed to work?
Anyhow, "disabling" the escape character as plentysu already said,
is suffienct to get the desired result, see
<https://3v4l.org/eW2Mt>. This should be possible in a more
intuitive way, though, see request #51496.
[2018-09-13 12:35 UTC] [email protected]
-Status: Re-Opened +Status: Duplicate -Assigned To: +Assigned To: cmb
[2018-09-13 12:35 UTC] [email protected]
Well, this behavior is there for so many years, that we can't
change it easily for BC reasons (and frankly, the sense of *this*
escaping escapes me). Therefore I'm closing this ticket as
duplicate of request #38301 and request #51496, respectively.
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Barrick to eliminate innovation role under decentralization
TORONTO, Sept 12 (Reuters) - Barrick Gold Corp will eliminate the executive role of Chief Innovation Officer as part of a broad decentralization push, the company said on Wednesday, adding that it will continue to work on innovation and productivity improvements. Barrick did not officially announce the change, which follows work by CIO Michelle Ash to establish systems that support innovation work at the mine site, rather than the head office, a company spokesman said. “When operations are central to the innovation process, the implementation of new technologies and processes becomes faster and more successful,” said Barrick spokesman Andy Lloyd. Barrick Chairman John Thornton advocates a lean, decentralized management model, shifting more power and decision-making to mine operators. In the second quarter, Barrick took a $28 million severance charge after cutting jobs and closing offices. It did not enumerate job losses, saying it aimed to reduce administrative roles through reassignments and job cuts to approximately 350 positions, from 780 at the end of 2017. Barrick created the Chief Innovation Officer role in 2016 to oversee strategy on long-term innovation to drive productivity, optimize research and development and determine opportunities for alternative business models. Ash will remain at Toronto-based Barrick until year-end, Lloyd said. The company will not make changes to the position of Chief Digital Officer, created last August, he added. That role, held by former GE executive Sham Chotai, is aimed at advancing the company’s digital transformation. Under its $100 million partnership announced with Cisco Systems in 2016, Barrick has focused on a flagship digital operation at its Cortez gold mine in Nevada. (Reporting by Susan Taylor Editing by Phil Berlowitz)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Page:Geographic Areas Reference Manual (GARM).pdf/361
New England, where they are composed of cities and towns instead. See also metropolitan area, metropolitan statistical area, primary metropolitan statistical area, standard consolidated area, standard consolidated statistical area, standard metropolitan area, standard metropolitan statistical area.
Consolidation A combination of two or more governmental units. The units may be at the same or different levels of government. See also consolidated city, consolidated government, merger.
Construction (census) See economic census.
Conterminous States The coterminous 48 States and the District of Columbia; that is, the United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.
Contiguous Descriptive of geographic areas that are adjacent to one another, sharing either a common boundary or point. See also adjacent, conjoint.
Contract block area An area for which a local government paid the Census Bureau to collect and publish decennial census data at the block level because the area was not included automatically in the block-numbering program for a decennial census. This kind of area did not exist for the 1990 census, because the Census Bureau automatically collected and published census block-level data nationwide. See also census block, free block area.
Corporate corridor A narrow strip of land, generally consisting of all or part of the right-of-way of a road, proposed road, power line, or similar feature, that is part of an incorporated place; a corridor also may exist without relation to any accompanying visible feature.
Coterminous A term descriptive of geographic entities that are contiguous with one another and are contained within the same boundaries; for example, the coterminous 48 States and the District of Columbia. See also conterminous States. G-16Glossary
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WIKI
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Page:History of Art in Phœnicia and Its Dependencies Vol 2.djvu/293
PHCENICIAN CERAMICS. 269 which we call geometrical. We might have foreseen this result, for if there be one fact more sure than another about Phoenicia it is that everything we find there had previously existed in Egypt or Mesopotamia. Phoenicia invented no types and motives for herself. Now the common unglazed red pottery of Egypt is almost always without ornament, while that of Mesopotamia hardly shows a motive that is not geometrical ; with the exception of a few fragments on which the figures of birds and lions may be traced, there is nothing to show that the decorator ever felt any desire to break the mono- tony of his work by introducing animal forms. We are as yet without any proof that in this respect the Phoenician potters fol- lowed those of Nineveh. Such proof may of course come to light some day, but at present we may conclude that in Syria nothing but geometrical ornament was used upon the common unglazed FIG. 205. Terra-cotta disk. From Cre=pi.' pottery. On one of those bowls which are commonly allowed to be Phoenician (Fig. 206) we see two vases or jugs standing upon a table. It is difficult to decide whether they are of metal or earthen- ware, but in any case their ornament is purely geometrical. But the Phoenicians had another kind of pottery, more carefully manufactured and, no doubt, more expensive, I mean that which both by its appearance and constitution belongs to the same class as what is called Egyptian faience. 2 In this manufacture the surface decoration is not given by colours spread upon the clay with the brush, but by powdered glass variously coloured by metallic oxides. These powders are mixed with gum and spread upon the 1 Catalogo, plate E, figs, i and 2. 2 See Art in Ancient Egypt, Vol. II. pp. 369'373-
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WIKI
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User:Zenithcoolest
Can contribute for
Leave me a message
* Haridwar
* Uttarakhand
* India
* Atlanta
* NSIT
* Georgia Tech
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WIKI
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CentOS 7.xで空いているポートを調べる
カテゴリ: Linux | タグ:
CentOS7で空いているポートはssコマンド(socket statistics)で確認できます。
TCPポートを確認したい場合は以下のようにコマンドを実行すれば良いです。
この例ではPort80, 22, 25, 3031, 3032がオープンしています
$ ss -nat
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::3031 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::3032 :::*
上記例で指定している-natの、各オプションの意味は下記の通りです。
NAME
ss - another utility to investigate sockets
SYNOPSIS
ss [options] [ FILTER ]
DESCRIPTION
ss is used to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat.
It can display more TCP and state informations than other tools.
OPTIONS
When no option is used ss displays a list of open non-listening sockets
(e.g. TCP/UNIX/UDP) that have established connection.
-a, --all
Display both listening and non-listening
(for TCP this means established connections) sockets.
-n, --numeric
Do not try to resolve service names.
-t, --tcp
Display TCP sockets.
オプションに-nt指定するとすでに接続が確立しているポートのみが表示され、-natだとlistenしているポートも表示されます。
こちらもおススメ
コメントを残す
メールアドレスが公開されることはありません。
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Kurt Agricola
Kurt Wilhelm Albert Karl Agricola (15 August 1889 – 27 December 1955) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who held senior level occupational rear-security commands in the occupied Soviet Union. A native of Saxony, Agricola entered army service in 1908 and served during World War I. During the interwar era, he held staff assignments and continued to rise through the army's ranks in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany. His career stalled in January 1939, when he was sent into retirement on political grounds because of his marriage to Martha born Hahn, a Jewish woman. Reactivated again upon the start of World War II, Agricola received exclusively positions behind the front line. As rear area commander of the 2nd Army in the occupied Soviet union during 1941–43, Agricola brought changes in the Wehrmacht's harsh occupation policies and was successful in maintaining control of his area of occupied territory from Soviet partisans. Shortly after the war's end, he was arrested by Soviet authorities, convicted of war crimes and remained in captivity for a decade. One of the last German prisoners in the Soviet Union, he was released in October 1955 and died shortly thereafter in West Germany.
Early life and World War I
Kurt Agricola was born in Döbeln, then in the Kingdom of Saxony, on 15 August 1889, into an Saxon family that traced its roots back in the 16th century. He was the second and youngest son of Rudolf Agricola (3 October 1860 – 29 July 1914), an officer of the Royal Saxon Army served of the Garrison Administration of Dresden, and Elisabeth, née Drenkmann (14 May 1865 – 23 October 1937). He had an older brother, Werner Agricola (19 August 1887 – 29 June 1962).
Following his father's career, 18-year–old Agricola entered army service on 1 April 1908 as officer candidate in the 12th Royal Saxon Infantry Regiment No. 177 in Dresden. He was commissioned a Leutnant (Second Lieutenant) on 19 August 1909. The following years, he served primarily as adjutant, a function that was given to capable officers and gave an early advancement potential within the army. It was obvious that Agricola pursued a distinguished career as staff officer, and (typically for officers with his aims, who participated in specialized courses) attended a weapon repairs course in late 1913.
When World War I broke out, Agricola was mobilized along with his regiment, just a few days after the death of his father. Agricola served mostly at the Western front, and although he never received a troop command throughout the war (only staff assignments), this indicated that he was destined for a more ambitious career than most of his fellow troop officers; he became Adjutant of a battalion in his regiment on 2 August 1914, participated in the battle of the Marne in September and was promoted to Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant) in December. In early January 1915 he served as the regimental Adjutant of his pre–war regiment until August 1916, when he was temporarily elevated to Brigade Adjutant. In that capacity, he saw action at the Battle of the Somme, where he distinguished himself numerous times. On 9 January 1917 he was transferred to the staff of the 219th (10th Royal Saxon) Infantry Division, occupying a relatively quiet sector of the front line in Lorraine. A few weeks later, on 27 January, he was promoted to Hauptmann (Captain) and four days later, the last King of Saxony, Frederick Augustus III, bestowed him with one of Saxony's highest decorations, the Military Order of St. Henry, in recognition of his conduct during the battle of Somme the previous year. He received his last wartime assignment on 25 May 1917, when he was transferred to the staff of the XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps.
Becoming a staff officer — a group considered the élite of the German Army — required a three–year course at the War Academy in Berlin after some years of active service. Agricola's ambition to become a staff officer, however, was thwarted by the war, as the War Academy closed upon its outbreak. Apart from his relevant staff appointments, he had the chance to participate in a special staff officers course from January to February 1918. During the course of war, he was decorated with numerous awards, including both classes of the Iron Cross and other awards from his native Saxony.
Interwar period
Following the end of World War I in November 1918, Agricola was retained in the Reichswehr holding a variety of staff roles. He was promoted to major in 1928. From 1927 to 1930, he commanded a company of the 10th Infantry Regiment. In February 1930 he returned to the staff of Gruppenkommando 1 and in 1931 to that of the 4th Division, where, as an Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel) from 1932, he saw the rise of the Nazi regime in 1933. Soon thereafter, in July 1934, he received his promotion to Oberst (Colonel), and after a two-month transfer in the Command of the Wehrkreis (Military District) IV (Dresden) he was named commander of the Infantry Regiment Breslau in 1934 and retained his command after it was redesignated as the 49th Infantry Regiment on 15 October 1935.
Arguably, Agricola could hope, at the time, that he would have a successful career in the ongoing re–organization of the new armed forces of Germany — the Wehrmacht. Besides his tenure of multiple staff positions, Agricola also received very positive reports from his superiors; he was praised as "very talented", and described as an "especially reliable staff officer", "an excellent regimental commander", while it was noted in most of his assignments that he performed brilliantly at his position. Nonetheless, his hopeful career soon started to fade away. On 12 October 1937, he was named commander of Heeresdienststelle 3, a rather obscure unit tasked with guarding the eastern borders of the Third Reich; during this time, his superiors observed that "sometimes he underestimated his great concern for the troops", an indication of his caring leadership style. On 1 January 1938 he was promoted to Generalmajor (Major General), but no higher commands awaited him: on 10 October 1938 he was named Landwehr Commander in Oppeln (present-day Opole in Poland) and simultaneously given the command over the fortifications of the city. In his function as Landwehr commander, he had attend to the organization and the training of older reservists (35–45 years of age), some of them veterans of World War I. This was a backwater post for an officer such as Agricola, whose once–promising career came finally to an abrupt end on 31 January 1939, when he, 49 years old at the time, retired from the army and was simultaneously given the honorary rank (Charakter) of a Generalleutnant (Lieutenant General).
The reason for Agricola's retirement was never officially disclosed and remained a puzzling question, until his chief of staff testified in 1967 that the ground was that Agricola's wife was Jewish. For a staunchly antisemitic regime such as the Nazi one, and with the implementation of racial laws, marriage with a Jewish woman could be a threat to an officer's career as well as life. His personal papers indirectly reveal that Agricola had been put on watchlist for racial reasons. Soon, his own ancestry came under official, if indirect, investigation. Initially, Agricola was asked to prove (and was able to do so) his "Aryan" ancestry (up until his great–grandfathers) in 1937. As the effect of the Nazi racial policies became more dangerous to the life of his wife and the couple's children — naturally classified as Mischlinge — Agricola was forced to divorce his wife Martha, who afterwards fled with her son Wilhelm to Brazil. Agricola also sent their other children to the Bethel Institution in Bielefeld for their own protection.
In 1939, Agricola also published the book ''Der rote Marschall. Tuchatschewskis Aufstieg und Fall'' (The Red Marshal. Tukhachevsky's Rise and Fall), an account of the career of Marshal of the Soviet Union Mikhail Tukhachevsky, who was executed during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge in 1937. This publication revealed, among others, that Agricola was a convinced Anti-bolshevist.
World War II
Agricola's retirement was short-lived, as on 1 September 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland, marking the start of World War II in Europe, and Agricola was reactivated and appointed as commander of the city of Oppeln. There he spent the following two years on an inactive front, witnessing the Invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941.
Rear security operations in the Soviet Union (1941–1943)
With the Battle of Moscow and the Soviet counter-offensive of the winter of 1941/42, the rear security of the occupied territory was considered by the German High Command of paramount importance, given how stretched the Wehrmacht's supply lines were. The resistance movement and the Soviet partisans, reinforced by Red Army soldiers who had evaded capture when their units were destroyed during the initial stages of the invasion, posed the most essential threat to the control of the areas behind the front. The main formations tasked with the protection of the supply lines and the destruction of the partisans were the Korück (acronym for Kommandant rückwärtiges Armeegebiet, Commander of the Rear Area Army Territory).
Agricola was appointed Korück 580, in the rear area of the 2nd Army, with headquarters in Kromy on 19 December 1941, with the battle for Moscow in full swing, succeeding the 64-year old Generalleutnant Ludwig Müller (who had requested his relief because of a heart ailment). Besides holding a command that lacked probability of advancement or distinction — being far behind the front — Agricola had to deal with immense problems as soon as he took over the appointment. Korück 580 was the sole formation responsible for the protection of approximately 37,000 km2 of occupied territory, 800 km of railway (including the vital Kursk–Oryol line), 500 km of roads and 320 bridges. The forces at the Korück's disposal were insufficient for such a task, merely 800 men of questionable fighting value who had to operate in difficult winter conditions. Opposing Agricola's forces were 2,000 to 2,500 armed partisans. Agricola, finally given a chance to prove himself as commander, addressed the problems energetically. He quickly came to the conclusion that major anti–partisan actions were impossible to conduct due to the extreme conditions and the lack of forces, so he opted to concentrate and fortify his available forces in key positions. It was due to his persistence that the 2nd Army yielded to his requests and reinforced him with over 10,000 Hungarian troops until May 1942. During these months, Agricola's units battled fiercely with partisans, succeeding in killing over 7,200, according to official reports. German historian Christian Hartmann argued that the relatively heavy casualties of the Korück's troops — 1161 dead, wounded and missing — and the number of captured enemy weapons indicated that Agricola, in contrast with the typical occupation policy of the time, was not focused (at least exclusively) in reprisals against the civilian population, in the hope of terrorizing and weakening the partisan movement. Korück 580 was ultimately successful in eliminating the local partisan threat until the summer of 1942. Agricola also supported the utilization of Soviet volunteers in anti–partisan warfare. In his area of responsibility, in May–June 1942, a battalion formed of Turkestani volunteers, the Turkestanisches Infanteriebataillon 450 (Turkestani Infantry Battalion 450) took part in operations. On 30 June 1942, Agricola praised the commander of the unit, Andreas Mayer–Mader, for his effective leadership style. Noting the increasing influence Soviet propaganda had on the population, Agricola called for more humane treatment, so that the population would not be an impediment in the exploitation of the occupied territory for the war effort. For this, he restrained the indiscriminate executions of civilians, though the figures of those executed remained high: he reported that until June 1942, his units had executed 1,600 out of 6,000 civilians suspected of a wide range of punishable actions (the Kommissarbefehl was also implemented) and released unharmed most of the remaining 4,400. Mass starvation, primarily due to the reckless exploitation of resources by the Wehrmacht was common in other occupied Soviet territories, and the situation in the Korück's territories was not very different. In February 1942, Agricola wrote that the food rations for the civilians were lower than those issued by the pre–war Soviet regime and felt that given the situation, it would be impossible to cultivate positive feelings towards the German troops, thus calling for a change.
Among his first acts of assuming the position of the Korück was to revoke the order of the 2nd Army for the immediate liquidation of POWs by the SS, after the dissolution of four POW camps in the area, despite that ultimately their execution was not averted. Agricola considered the improvement of the conditions in the POW camps vital for "economic, simply humanitarian and propagandistic reasons", an extremely rare declaration for a rear area commander. After he was informed of the appalling conditions and the high mortality rates in the POW camps in January 1942, he issued orders prohibiting the maltreatment of prisoners, as well as the reduction of food rations, and sought the establishment of a minimum of medical care, ostensibly for the protection of his own troops from typhus.
In addition, the troops of the Korück 580 were confronted with the Holocaust and the massive extermination of the Jews in its territory, though most Jews had been already exterminated a few months after Agricola's appointment as Korück. It has been speculated that Agricola, perhaps owing to the fact that his own wife was Jewish, distanced himself from the responsible units of the police and the SS. No written evidence exists to support that Agricola was actively trying to stop some of the killings, but his former chief of staff stated after the war that he did so, and furthermore that Agricola was "very outraged" at the massacres. On an instance, in 1943, upon learning that SD troops were murdering Jews near his headquarters, he intervened and prohibited further executions. He intervened numerous times to bring the subject to the attention of his superiors and made sure that no Jewish POW was handed over for execution.
In conclusion, Kurt Agricola was one of the very few commanders who tried to change the occupation policies that were the norm in Nazi–occupied territories and opted to minimize resistance by treating the population humanely instead of terrorizing it. According to historian Christian Hartmann, "it is difficult to say" if Agricola's stance stemmed from ethical values or from political necessity. Agricola's former chief of staff supported the former view, describing Agricola as a "very humane, highly educated and extraordinarily capable man". Agricola's actions ultimately found recognition by his superiors, reflected by his decoration with the German Cross in Gold on 15 December 1943, a highly unusual award for rear area commanders, as the German Cross in Gold was typically awarded to commanders at the front (rear area personnel could receive, by contrast, the German Cross in Silver).
Later career (1943–1945)
Agricola was finally promoted to Generalleutnant (Lieutenant General) z. V. (zur Verfügung, "for duties") on 1 August 1943 and also served briefly as commander of Kursk during that year. In 1944, he also commanded "Gruppe Aricola" (Group Agricola), a formation consisting of Korpsabteilung E and a cavalry brigade, which fought against the Red Army mainly in the central section of the eastern front. Agricola remained Korück 580 until 18 April 1945, whereupon he was placed in the Führerreserve.
Captivity and later life
On 9 May 1945, one day after the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany, Agricola was captured by Soviet troops in Teplice–Šanov in Czechoslovakia (present-day Teplice in the Czech Republic), and was subsequently transported to the Soviet Union, where he was imprisoned in camps nos. 27, 62, 362, 476, and 48. Afterwards, he was transported to Prison No. 1 in Kyiv to be tried for war crimes. A military tribunal of the Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Kiev Oblast found him guilty under Article 1 of Ukaz 43 (19 April 1943) and sentenced him to 25 years of hard labor on 16 November 1948. He served his sentence in the labor camps of Karaganda in Kazakhstan and Vorkuta in the Komi Republic. Later, he was held at the Voikovo prison camp near Ivanovo, which was designated by the Soviet authorities for high-ranking Wehrmacht personnel.
In early October 1955, following the negotiations between the West German and the Soviet governments, Agricola was repatriated to the German Democratic Republic along with 31 fellow officers (mostly generals, including Dietrich von Saucken). On 9 October 1955, the transport reached the West German town of Herleshausen, a few kilometers west of the borders with East Germany.
After his repatriation, Agricola was reunited with his family and remarried his former wife, who had in the meanwhile returned from Brazil where she had fled the Nazis in the late 1930s. On 27 December 1955, two months after he was released, Kurt Agricola died in Bad Godesberg near Bonn.
Awards
* German Cross in Gold on 15 December 1943 as Generalleutnant and commander rückwärtiges Armeegebiet (rear army area) 580
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WIKI
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BRIEF-PPG Industries says initiates global restructuring, targets $125 mln in annual savings
Dec 9 (Reuters) - PPG Industries Inc * PPG Industries Inc - will take pretax charge of $190 million to $200 million in Q4 2016 due to restructuring * PPG Industries Inc - of approximately $140 million total cash outlay, about $110 million is expected in 2017, with balance to occur in 2018 * PPG Industries Inc - “because of continued slow overall growth in global demand, we are taking decisive action to adjust our cost structure” * PPG initiates global restructuring, targeting $125 million in annual savings * When completed, company expects restructuring actions to generate $120 million to $130 million in annual savings * PPG Industries - of charges, about $140 million represents cash costs and $50 million to $60 million related to write-down of certain assets and non-cash costs * PPG Industries - also, approximately $15 million of incremental restructuring-related cash costs are expected during 2017 * PPG Industries - $40 million to $50 million of savings projected to be realized in 2017, remainder of expected savings substantially realized by year-end 2018 * PPG initiates global restructuring, targeting $125 million in annual savings Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage:
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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++ed by:
KEEDI THALJEF SYP
3 PAUSE user(s)
4 non-PAUSE user(s).
Вячеслав Тихановский
NAME
Mojolicious::Plugin::Validator - Plugin for MojoX::Validator
SYNOPSIS
# Mojolicious
$self->plugin('validator');
# Mojolicious::Lite
plugin 'validator' => {
messages => {
REQUIRED => 'This field is required',
LENGTH_CONSTRAINT_FAILED => 'Too big'
}
};
sub action {
my $self = shift;
my $validator = $self->create_validator;
$validator->field('username')->required(1)->length(3, 20);
return unless $self->validate($validator);
# Create a user for example
...
}
1;
__DATA__
@@ user.html.ep
% if (validator_has_errors) {
<div class="error">Please, correct the errors below.</div>
% }
%= form_for 'user' => begin
<label for="username">Username</label><br />
<%= input_tag 'username' %><br />
<%= validator_error 'username' %><br />
<%= submit_button %>
% end
DESCRIPTION
Mojolicious::Plugin::Validator is a plugin for MojoX::Validator that simplifies parameters validation.
Options
messages
# Mojolicious::Lite
plugin 'validator' => {
messages => {
REQUIRED => 'This field is required',
LENGTH_CONSTRAINT_FAILED => 'Too big'
}
};
Replace default errors.
Helpers
create_validator
my $validator = $self->create_validator;
$validator->field('username')->required(1)->length(3, 20);
Create MojoX::Validator.
$self->create_validator('will-be_decamelized');
$self->create_validator('Custom::Class');
Create a validator from a class derived from MojoX::Validator. This way preconfigured validators can be used.
validate
$self->validate($validator);
Validate parameters with provided validator and automatically set errors.
validator_has_errors
% if (validator_has_errors) {
<div class="error">Please, correct the errors below.</div>
% }
Check if there are any errors.
validator_error
<%= validator_error 'username' %>
Render the appropriate error.
validator_has_unknown_params
% if (validator_has_unknown_params) {
<div class="error">Unspecified parameters were detected.</div>
% }
Returns true if unspecified parameters were passed
METHODS
Mojolicious::Plugin::Validator inherits all methods from Mojolicious::Plugin and implements the following new ones.
register
$plugin->register;
Register helpers in Mojolicious application.
SEE ALSO
MojoX::Validator, Mojolicious.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:Bresolver
Hello!
"If you belive that you can destroy belive that you can fix." Rabbi Nachman MiBreslov
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WIKI
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Tegal
Tegal is a city on the north coast of Central Java, near the border with West Java.
Understand
Tegal is the home of the ubiquitous warteg eating places across Indonesia (from Warung Tegal), known for their low prices.
By car
Tegal is on the North Coast Route trunk road (Jalur Pantura). From the west, a tolled motorway connects Jakarta,, and Cirebon, , with Tegal. The toll ends at Tegal's western outskirts. To the east, the trunk road continues to the provincial capital Semarang,.
By ride-hailing app
There are some online ride-hailing apps such as Gojek. You may choose to go by motorcycle or car.
Tegal food
* Glotak, a spicy dish made from gembus (Javanese tofu dregs).
* Kue pia, mung bean pastry.
* Nasi bogana, rice with side dishes wrapped in banana leaves.
* Olos, tapioca starch batter snack.
* Rujak teplak, boiled veggies with cassava sauce.
* Sate Tegal or Sate kambing muda (young goat or mutton satay)
* Sauto is soto, the widely available clear broth soup, but with the addition of fermented soybeans (tauco) giving a delicious umami hit. Widely available.
* Tahu aci (fried flour-filled tofu)
* Tahu pletok (fried flour-filled tofu)
Drink
Tegal is famous for tea served in a small earthenware teapot (hence its name teh poci or teapot tea, clay pot tea), with little earthenware cups to drink it from. Normally strong, and served with a lump of rock sugar so big that it barely fits into the cup. Widely available.
In the Slawi District of Tegal, there is a local iced drink called es lontrong, made from agar, mung bean, white bread, coconut milk, and pandan syrup.
Go next
* Brebes — known for its duck-salted egg.
* Cirebon — the 'city of shrimps', a city about to the west.
* Pemalang — one of the pineapple cities.
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WIKI
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Do Migraines Cause Dizziness?
Yes, migraines can indeed cause dizziness. Dizziness is one of the many potential symptoms that can accompany a migraine headache. This type of dizziness is often referred to as “migraine-associated vertigo” or “vestibular migraine.”
Vestibular migraine is characterized by episodes of dizziness or vertigo that can occur with or without a headache. The dizziness might feel like a spinning sensation (vertigo) or a feeling of unsteadiness and imbalance. Other symptoms that can occur alongside vestibular migraines include:
• Nausea and Vomiting: Just like with other migraines, nausea and vomiting can also be present.
• Visual Disturbances: Some individuals may experience visual disturbances, such as auras, flashing lights, or blind spots.
• Sensitivity to Light and Sound: Sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia) are common migraine symptoms and can occur with vestibular migraines as well.
• Headache: While not always present, some vestibular migraines can also be accompanied by a headache.
It’s important to note that not everyone with migraines will experience dizziness, and not all cases of dizziness are due to migraines. Other medical conditions, such as inner ear disorders, can also cause similar symptoms of dizziness.
If you’re experiencing dizziness along with other symptoms like headaches, visual disturbances, and nausea, it’s a good idea to consult a healthcare provider. They can help determine whether your symptoms are related to migraines or another underlying condition and provide appropriate guidance and treatment.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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What is follicular unit extraction (FUE) and how is it different from follicular unit transplantation (FUT)?
What is follicular unit extraction (FUE) and how is it different from follicular unit transplantation (FUT)?
Follicular unit extraction or FUE is a technique for removing follicular units from the donor area in a different way. It utilizes a small circular needle called a “punch” to remove the units in a minimally-invasive, scattered array, from the donor area. It produces many tiny “dot-like” scars instead of the line scar that is produced by strip removal. The advantage of FUE is that you will be able to wear your hair shorter in the donor area without evidence that a procedure has been done but the FUE “dots” will be visible if you shave your head. We utilize the ARTAS physician-guided robotic system for FUE which is the most technologically advanced method worldwide. Dr. Rose was one of the originators of FUE and has been performing the procedure since 2004.
More Frequently Asked Questions
MIAMI OFFICE: Offices of Merrick Park • 4425 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, Suite 230 • Coral Gables, FL 33146
Toll-Free 877.443.9070 • Phone 305.448.9100 • Email [email protected]
Hair Transplant Web
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Defynnog
Defynnog, (sometimes found as Devynock in some historical documents), is a small village in the community of Maescar in the historic county of Brecknockshire, Wales, now lying within the unitary authority area of Powys. It lies immediately south of Sennybridge and about ten miles west of Brecon within the Brecon Beacons National Park.
The village
An important place in the past, Defynnog lost much of its importance as Sennybridge became more developed. The village (which has also been referred to historically as 'Devynnock') is located in the Brecon Beacons National Park one mile south of Sennybridge, beside the Afon Senni just south of its confluence with the River Usk and where the A4215 road meets the A4065. The Welsh name signifies the 'territory belonging to Dyfwn'.
History
To the southwest of the village is "Y Gaer", a small oval hillfort with a sub-rectangular annex standing on a ridge. The ramparts and ditches are covered with bracken.
The local church, dedicated to Saint Cynog, contains an ancient stone with ogham inscriptions and is a grade I listed building. In 1836 a chapel in the parish of Defynnog was dedicated to Saint Callwen.
The churchyard contains several yew trees, of which the largest, the Defynnog Yew has a girth large enough for it to be 1300–3000 years old. An adjacent yew was reported in 2014 to be genetically identical to the largest, leading to conjecture in the popular press that the two trees were remnants of a single 5000-year-old tree; but this conjecture has been disputed on the grounds that layering is a more plausible origin for the adjacent tree. The crown of the largest tree is 60 ft in diameter.
The rectory within the church grounds was once the property of Moses Williams FRS and his inscription is to found on the beams of one of the attics. The property immediately south of the lychgate (Ty Defynnog, Defynnog House) may have been made up of two former cottages. Its cellar contains a stone slab of uncertain purpose. It is a Grade II listed building.
The Sir John Davy School is now a cafe and antiques centre. The Sir John Davy Alms houses are sited close to a former police station and court, later a brass rubbing centre and now a bed and breakfast, complete with police cells.
The Tanners Arms has a long and colourful history. The main building ( now the bar and restaurant ) dates to the early 1800s and was originally three separate cottages, all being homes for the workers at the nearby Tannery. Thomas Jenkins, father of David Jenkins, a defender of Rorke's Drift, was landlord of the Tanners Arms in 1871.
Notable people
* Moses Davies (1799–1866), a Welsh musician and composer.
* Isabella Gifford (1825–1891), a Welsh-born botanist, primarily an algologist, studying algae.
* Gwenllian Morgan (1852–1939), an antiquary and the first woman in Wales to hold the office of Mayor.
* William Havard MC (1889–1956), a Welsh clergyman and rugby union international player.
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WIKI
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Dalstorp
Dalstorp is a locality situated in Tranemo Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 776 inhabitants in 2010.
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Dalstorp:
* Dalstorps IF
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WIKI
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The Banking Sector: Trends for CFOs to Watch - CFO Journal. - WSJ
Competition for corporate loans is expected to intensify. Meanwhile, the year could become pivotal for investment banking as the sector sharpens its client-centric focus. A decade after the financial crisis, the global banking industry as a whole is on firmer ground. At the business segment level, market fundamentals run the gamut. Here are the latest trends to watch this year within the corporate, investment, and transaction banking segments. What's Happening in Corporate Banking? Global corporate lending is on an upward trajectory, at least in the Americas and Asia Pacific regions.* Revenue from corporate lending grew by 19.5 percent in the Americas from 2015 to 2017, and the Asia Pacific region saw an increase of 5.8 percent. In contrast, corporate lending in the EMEA region declined by 0.8 percent. With American firms increasing their market share, EMEA corporate lending has stagnated as the pace of economic recovery remains uneven. The APAC region, meanwhile, saw corporate lending increase by 5.8 percent in revenues. As Asian markets expand, the competitive dynamics and opportunities within APAC's corporate banking landscape have significantly increased. Will 2019 Be a Pivotal Year for Investment Banks? In addition to monitoring corporate lending trends, senior executives, particularly CFOs, may want to consider how changes in the investment banking sector may affect decisions going forward. While the global investment banking industry has yet to find its footing after the financial crisis, it seems to be inching back to normalcy, in terms of capital adequacy and profitability. For the first time since 2012, revenues in both trading and advisory businesses will have increased in 2018.** Additionally, 2019 could turn out to be a pivotal year in investment banks' transition to become simpler and leaner, yet stronger, franchises. From a strategic perspective, a fundamental rethinking of the client engagement model should be considered: a pivot from product orientation to a client-centric, bespoke delivery of services, and an orchestration of solutions from others in the ecosystem. This new engagement model would empower clients through seamless connectivity, self-discovery, and intelligent delivery of insights. The simplification path will entail a sharper focus on who to serve, what to offer, and howessentially the clients-products-solutions matrix. To execute on this new vision, investment banks should think more broadly about using third parties and utilities for noncore activities, although doing so would require greater agility. Banks have been at the forefront of digitization for a while now and continue to spend billions of dollars in modernizing their technology infrastructure. This trend is picking up even in areas that have been averse to automation in the past, like fixed-income trading. Becoming a true client-centric operation cannot happen without excelling at using multiple sources of data and applying rigorous analytics to generate client insights across the life cycle. Competitive advantage likely will accrue not merely from having the most advanced trade execution technology but also predictive analytics to help solve clients' problems. Potential Changes to Transactional Banking New technologies are poised to help improve client engagement in other banking segments as well, such as transaction banking, where the nature of client demand seems to be shifting rapidly. Clients are increasingly expecting custom, value-added services, such as seamless connectivity and proactive intelligence. Corporate treasurers, for instance, tend to be seeking more sophisticated risk management solutions to manage credit, operational, and cyber risks. For many institutions, technology infrastructure should be modernized. Using reconciliation as an example, many banks are still performing manual, inefficient processes despite previous attempts to automate. In cash management, developments such as SWIFT's global payments innovation standards will likely strengthen the business case for faster and more transparent cross-border payments. However, with faster payments, corporate treasurers, for example, will want their banks to provide more dynamic reporting of liquidity positions and foreign exchange exposures in place of today's end-of-day reporting practices. Similarly, in the prime brokerage segment, hedge funds wanting to trade cryptocurrencies could be looking for clearing, settlement, and custody solutions from their prime brokers in the OTC market. Automating existing processes often is not enough. Instead, banks should empower clients to serve themselves when and how they desire. Similar to other banking products, incumbents are expected to expand the use of blockchain, robotic process automation, and AI technologies and better data management in both the front and back offices in transaction banking. The View Among Financial Services CFOs As advanced technologies and efforts to improve client engagement accelerate change in the financial services industry, executives planning for the year ahead also may want to consider how their finance chiefs are viewing the business landscape. According to Deloitte's first quarter 2019 CFO Signals™ survey, the optimism rose sharply among CFOs from the financial services sector about the prospects of their own companies compared to Q4 2018. The first-quarter survey captured the opinions of 158 CFOs from some of the largest and most influential organizations in North America; almost one-quarter are from the financial services sector. ENLARGE Increased optimism did not deter CFOs from planning for a potential economic downturn. A significant majority (85 percent) of all surveyed CFOs say they expect a U.S. downturn by the end of 2020, and they overwhelmingly expect a slowdown rather than a recession. When asked what the first defensive actions their companies will or have taken to address a potential downturn, financial services CFOs cited a reduction in spending as a top tactic. Financial services CFOs who were surveyed also expect a slight decline in revenue growth at their companies, but a substantial increase in earnings. Capex, dividends, and domestic hiring expectations were all up, but still below their two-year average. Specifically, financial services CFOs indicated year-over-year revenue growth of 4.9 percent; earnings growth of 8.1 percent; capital spending growth of 6.3 percent; and dividend growth of 4.5 percent. They indicated growth in domestic personnel hiring will increase to 1.6 percent, the highest level since the first quarter of 2012, and domestic wage growth that remains relatively steady compared to Q4 2018 at 3.1 percent. Financial services CFOs also said they would like to see Washington provide clarity/change on U.S.-China trade policy first, before other policy areas. Further, they voiced concerns over political turmoil, an economic slowdown, interest rates, tariffs, and Brexit. ―Parts of this article are excerpted from the 2019 Banking and Capital Markets Outlook: Reimagining transformation, which was produced by Scott Baret, vice chairman and partner, U.S. Banking & Capital Markets leader, Deloitte Risk and Financial Advisory, Deloitte & Touche LLP; Anna Celner, vice chairman and partner, Global Banking & Capital Markets leader, Deloitte AG; Jim Eckenrode, managing director, Deloitte Center for Financial Services, Deloitte Services LP; Val Srinivas, research leader, Banking & Capital Markets, Deloitte Center for Financial Services, Deloitte Services LP. * Tricumen data set. ** Jason Goldberg et al., U.S. Large-Cap Banks: U.S.-Based Investment Banks 2Q18 Summary and Outlook, Barclays Equity Research, July 23, 2018. April 1, 2019, 9:01 pm Follow us on Twitter @deloittecfo An error has occurred, please try again later. Thank you This article has been sent to Deloitte's Insights for CFOs provides financial executives a customized resource to help them address the strategic, operational and regulatory issues they face in managing their finance organizations and careers, with top-line digests, research, perspectives and technical analyses. For relevant content at your fingertips, download the CFO Lens™ app. Subscribe NowSign In WSJ Membership Customer Service Tools & Features Ads More
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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MICREAGENTS
Project Title: MICREAGENTS - Microscale Chemically Reactive Electronic Agents
Start Date-End Date: 01/09/2012-31/08/2015
ECLT project leader: prof. Norman Packard
Funding Scheme: STREP - FET Proactive ICT-2011 9.6
Abstract
The goal of the project is to create a programmable microscale electronic chemistry forming a bridge between electronic and chemical computing. Microscopic reactive electronic agents will contain circuit elements on autonomous pairwise self-assembling microchips (called lablets, target ≤ 100 μm), that selfmodify via reversible nanoscale coatings, directing their reversible association to form twin complexes (called gemlabs), and controlling entry to and chemical reactions in the enclosed transient reaction compartments. The lablet device integrates transistors, supercapacitors, energy transducers, sensors and actuators, involving electronically constructed nanofilms, and will be essentially genetically encoded, translating electronic signals into constructive chemical processing and recording the results of this processing. This will provide an unconventional form of computation that microscopically links reaction processing with computation in autonomous mobile smart reactors. This corresponds to a radical integration of autonomous chemical experimentation and represents a novel form of computation intertwined with construction. The self-assembling smart micro reactors can be programmed for molecular amplification and other chemical processing pathways, that start from complex mixtures, concentrate and purify chemicals, perform reactions in programmed cascades, sense completion, and transport and release products to defined locations. The project defines a continuous achievable path towards this ambitious goal, making use of a novel pairwise local communication strategy to overcome the limitations of current smart dust and autonomous sensor network communication. It will provide a technical platform spawning research in new computing paradigms that integrate multilevel construction with electronic ICT. The 8 groups from 8 countries incl. NZ are all pioneers in the multidisciplinary areas required to achieve the project goals, with a common grounding in IT.
Consortium
• Ruhr-Universität Bochum (3 groups) (DE) - coordinating institution
• Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
• Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (NL)
• University of Glasgow (UK)
• Syddansk Universitet (DK
• Vysoka Skola Chemicko- Technologicka v Praze (CZ)
• Università Ca'Foscari Venezia, ECLT (IT)
• University of Auckland (NZ)
Website
www.micreagents.eu
Last update: 12/07/2019
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Ford F-150 Windshield Wiper Blade Size (1992 – 2023)
When it comes to maintaining optimal visibility during rainy or snowy weather conditions, having the right wiper blades for your vehicle is crucial. If you own a 2013 Ford F-150 and are in need of wiper blade replacement, it’s essential to know the correct wiper blade size for your truck.
In this article, we will guide you through the process of finding the perfect wiper blades, explore some top brands like BoschMichelin, and Rain-X, and discuss where you can purchase them, including popular retailers like AutoZone.
Identifying the Correct Wiper Blade Size for a 2013 Ford F-150
To determine the appropriate wiper blade size for your 2013 Ford F-150, you can follow these steps:
1. Measure the existing wiper blades: Use a measuring tape or ruler to measure the length of both the driver’s side and passenger’s side wiper blades.
2. Consult the owner’s manual: The owner’s manual typically contains the recommended wiper blade sizes for your specific vehicle make and model.
3. Online resources: Various websites provide wiper blade size information based on the year, make, and model of your vehicle. You can search for “2013 Ford F-150 wiper blade size” to find such resources.
Wiper Blade Replacement for a 2013 Ford F-150
To replace the wiper blades on your 2013 Ford F-150, follow these steps:
1. Removal: Lift the wiper arm away from the windshield until it locks into a perpendicular position. Locate the release tab on the wiper blade assembly and press it to detach the blade from the arm.
2. Installation: Align the new wiper blade with the wiper arm, ensuring the hook or clip is securely attached. Apply light pressure until you hear a click or feel it lock into place.
3. Test the blades: Turn on your wipers and verify that they operate smoothly and effectively across the windshield.
Finding the Right Wiper Blade Size for Your 2013 Ford F-150
Top Wiper Blade Brands
When choosing wiper blades for your 2013 Ford F-150, consider these top brands:
• Bosch Wiper Blades: Bosch offers a wide range of high-quality wiper blades known for their durability and excellent wiping performance. They utilize advanced technology to provide streak-free visibility and a longer lifespan.
• Michelin Wiper Blades: Michelin is a renowned brand in the automotive industry, known for its superior engineering. Their wiper blades are designed to provide consistent and clear wiping, even in challenging weather conditions.
• Rain-X Wiper Blades: Rain-X is a popular choice for those seeking enhanced water-repellent capabilities. Their wiper blades feature a specially designed coating that helps to repel water, reduce noise, and provide a clearer view.
F150 Wiper Blade Size Based on Model Year table
YearDriver sidePassenger side
201022 inches22 inches
201122 inches22 inches
201222 inches22 inches
201322 inches22 inches
201422 inches22 inches
201522 inches22 inches
201622 inches22 inches
201722 inches22 inches
201822 inches22 inches
201922 inches22 inches
202022 inches22 inches
202122 inches22 inches
202222 inches22 inches
Where to Buy Wiper Blades?
If you’re looking to buy wiper blades for your 2013 Ford F-150, consider these options:
• AutoZone: AutoZone is a reputable retailer that offers a wide selection of wiper blades, including options suitable for a 2013 Ford F-150 . Visit their website or local store to find the right wiper blades for your vehicle.
• Other retailers: Besides AutoZone, you can explore other automotive parts stores, such as Advance Auto Parts, O’Reilly Auto Parts, and NAPA Auto Parts, where you can find a variety of wiper blades to choose from.
Importance of Proper Wiper Blade Size for the F150
When it comes to ensuring a clear field of vision while driving in rainy or snowy conditions, having properly functioning wiper blades is crucial. This is especially true for owners of the Ford F-150, a popular and versatile truck. In this section, we will discuss the importance of selecting the correct wiper blade size for your F-150 and how it contributes to your safety on the road.
Optimal Wiping Performance
Choosing the right wiper blade size for your Ford F-150 is essential for achieving optimal wiping performance. Wiper blades that are too long or too short may not make proper contact with the windshield, leading to streaks, missed spots, or inadequate clearing of water, snow, or debris. This can significantly impair your visibility and compromise your ability to navigate safely.
Proper Fit and Function
Wiper blades that are specifically designed for your Ford F-150 ensure a proper fit and function. These blades are engineered to match the curvature of your windshield, maximizing their contact with the glass surface. A secure attachment and even pressure distribution across the blade length help to maintain consistent and effective wiping action, ensuring a clear view of the road ahead.
Reduced Wind Noise
Incorrectly sized wiper blades can create additional wind noise during operation. When the blades are too long, they may lift off the windshield at higher speeds, causing air turbulence and generating irritating noise. By selecting the appropriate wiper blade size, you can minimize wind resistance and associated noise, enhancing your driving comfort.
Enhanced Durability
Properly sized wiper blades are less likely to suffer from premature wear and tear. When the blades are too short, they may exert excessive pressure on a smaller portion of the windshield, leading to faster blade deterioration. Conversely, longer blades can experience increased stress along the entire length, potentially causing them to wear out sooner. Opting for the correct size ensures that the blades are subjected to optimal conditions, increasing their durability and longevity.
Safety Considerations
Driving with compromised visibility due to ineffective wiper blades poses a significant safety risk. Rain, snow, or debris obstructing your view can make it difficult to spot hazards, other vehicles, or pedestrians, increasing the likelihood of accidents. By selecting the appropriate wiper blade size and maintaining clear visibility, you enhance your ability to respond quickly and safely to changing road conditions.
What Type of Windshield Wipers Do F150s Use?
Ford F-150 trucks typically use conventional or beam-style windshield wiper blades. The specific type of wiper blades can vary depending on the model year and trim level of the F-150.
Conventional wiper blades have a metal frame with a rubber blade attached to it. These blades have multiple pressure points along the frame to ensure even pressure distribution on the windshield. They are generally more affordable and widely available.
Beam-style wiper blades, also known as beam blades or bracketless blades, feature a sleek design without a metal frame. They are constructed from a single piece of rubber or silicone, providing a more uniform and efficient wiping motion. Beam-style blades often have enhanced aerodynamics and are less prone to clogging with ice and snow.
It’s important to check your vehicle’s owner’s manual or consult with a trusted automotive parts retailer to determine the specific type and size of wiper blades recommended for your F-150 model year. This will ensure the best fit and performance for your truck’s windshield wipers.
Signs Your F150 Wiper Blades Need Changing
Knowing when to change your F-150’s wiper blades is essential to maintain optimal visibility and ensure safe driving in various weather conditions. Here are some signs that indicate your F-150 wiper blades may need to be replaced:
• Streaking: If you notice streaks or lines of water or debris left on the windshield after using the wipers, it’s a clear sign that the rubber on the blades has worn out or become damaged. Streaking obstructs your view and indicates that the wiper blades are no longer making proper contact with the windshield.
• Smearing or Smudging: When the wiper blades become worn or torn, they may smear or smudge the water or debris across the windshield instead of clearing it effectively. This can impair visibility and create a hazy or distorted view, making it necessary to replace the blades.
• Skipping or Chattering: If you hear a skipping or chattering sound when the wiper blades are in use, it suggests that they are not gliding smoothly across the windshield. This can occur due to worn-out rubber, bent frames, or poor blade alignment. In any case, it’s a sign that the wiper blades should be replaced.
• Squeaking or Squealing: Wiper blades that produce a squeaking or squealing noise during operation often indicate that the rubber has hardened or become damaged. The noise can be a result of decreased flexibility, leading to inadequate contact with the windshield. When you notice persistent noise, it’s time to consider replacing the wiper blades.
• Torn or Damaged Rubber: Inspect the rubber portion of the wiper blades for any visible signs of tearing, cracking, or other damage. Worn or damaged rubber significantly reduces the effectiveness of the wiper blades and necessitates replacement.
If you observe any of these signs, it’s recommended to replace your F-150 wiper blades promptly to ensure optimal performance and visibility during adverse weather conditions.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on May 25, 1964, ruled (9–0) that a Virginia county, in an attempt to avoid desegregation, could not close its public schools and use public funds to support private segregated schools. The court held that the policy broke the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause.
In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court held that in the field of public education, the doctrine of “separate but equal” has no place. According to the court, segregated educational facilities are inherently unequal. However, during the years immediately after Brown, many governments and school boards experimented with various devices to avoid desegregation. In Virginia, officials undertook a policy called “Massive Resistance,” which resulted in a series of antidesegregation efforts that were ultimately ruled unconstitutional. The state legislature then passed a freedom-of-choice program, in which students could choose the school they wished to attend; the policy largely resulted in segregated schools. At that time the state also repealed its compulsory attendance laws, making school attendance optional. Against that background Prince Edward county did not levy school taxes for the 1959–60 school term, which led to the closure of all its public schools in 1959; public schools in all other counties of Virginia remained open. Families were directed to send their children to private schools that were segregated, and state and local funding was provided to those private schools. A private group formed to operate the schools for white children in the county, while local African Americans, including L. Francis Griffin on behalf of his children, engaged in a legal battle to desegregate the public schools.
A federal district court ruled that the closing of the county’s public schools was a violation of the equal protection clause, which guarantees that no person or group will be denied the protection under the law that is enjoyed by similar persons or groups. However, an appellate court reversed the ruling, finding that the district court should have abstained until the state court had rendered its decision. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia subsequently ruled in favour of Prince Edward county. It held that the county had the right to close its public schools and that state funds could be used at the segregated private schools.
On March 30, 1964, the case was argued before the U.S. Supreme Court. In a unanimous opinion it held that the schoolchildren of Prince Edward county were treated differently from the schoolchildren of other Virginia counties. The Supreme Court also reasoned that the closing of the Prince Edward public schools weighed more heavily on black children, since the white children could attend accredited private schools, whereas black children had to either attend temporary schools or not attend school at all. Further, the court pointed out that all the private schools were racially segregated but received state and county financial support. The Supreme Court maintained that though Virginia had wide discretion in deciding whether or when laws operate statewide, the record in Prince Edward county demonstrated that public schools were closed and private schools were operated in their place—with state and county funding—solely to keep white and black children from attending the same schools. The court therefore held that the closing of the Prince Edward county schools denied black students equal protection of the law.
New from Britannica
Two Oregon settlers flipped a coin to decide whose hometown would be used to name their village. Had the man from Portland, Maine, not won, Oregon’s biggest city would now be named Boston.
The court then added that the time for desegregating “with all deliberate speed” had run out and that there was no justification for “denying these Prince Edward County school children their constitutional rights to an education equal to that afforded by the public schools in other parts of Virginia.” The court concluded that a decree should be issued guaranteeing students in Prince Edward county the kind of education that was available in all state public schools. The federal appellate court’s decision was reversed, and the district court’s ruling was affirmed.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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3 Top Stocks You Can Buy on Sale
If you're trying to find top stocks to buy, the bargain bin is typically a bad place to look. More often than not, stock prices fall due to poor business execution, and that's not the kind of company I want for my portfolio or yours.
But 2020 was a topsy-turvy year, and the frenetic pace of news made it hard for Wall Street to process what was happening. And I think this confusion caused some top stocks to simply get ahead of themselves.
The three companies for your consideration today are all down at least 34% from 52-week highs, as indicated below. In each case, I believe the long-term growth opportunities for the businesses remain intact. These are the kind of on-sale stocks worthy of a closer look.
Image source: Getty Images.
1. Fastly: down 34%
Shares of Fastly (NYSE: FSLY) reached 52-week highs in October at $136.50 per share. As a content delivery network (CDN), Fastly improves internet speeds, particularly useful for accessing streaming video like so many of us did during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has translated into robust revenue growth, up 47% year over year through the first three quarters of 2020.
To be clear, Fastly's 47% revenue growth is an acceleration from the 39% growth it recorded in 2019. But investors started selling off the stock because the U.S. government threatened to ban TikTok, the company's largest customer. The ban has yet to actually happen, however, and now with President-elect Joe Biden soon taking over, TikTok might not ever be banned.
That said, Fastly's fate isn't beholden to TikTok; there's a larger macro-trend opportunity here. According to Grand View Research, the edge computing market is set for a 37.4% compound annual growth rate between now and 2027 and will be worth $43.4 billion by that time. Much of this growth could come from enterprise-generated data. Consider that in 2018, only 10% of this data was computed using edge network systems. By 2025, Gartner expects 75% of the data being moved around to have shifted to edge networks, where Fastly plays.
Trading at around 36 times trailing sales, Fastly isn't a cheap stock. But considering the growth in its business and market, it can still deliver long-term market-beating shareholder returns if it executes well.
A Beyond Burger. Image source: Beyond Meat.
2. Beyond Meat: down 40%
Shares of Beyond Meat (NASDAQ: BYND) peaked back in October as well, at $197.50 per share. At the time, the stock was riding high after a series of announcements including expanded distribution, global expansion, and new product launches.
Some analysts even began speculating that a deal between Beyond Meat and McDonald's was imminent. But when McDonald's launched its plant-based menu in November, Beyond Meat's involvement was unclear, sending the stock falling.
McDonald's aside, there's plenty for Beyond Meat shareholders to look forward to in 2021. Most people know the company for its beef-substitute patties. But in 2020, the company launched new products (like breakfast sausage), and it's likely to follow that up in the coming year with more. Furthermore, it launched in new markets last year like China and Brazil. These could start adding meaningful revenue growth in the coming year.
However, the thing I'm looking forward to the most with Beyond Meat is something called "price parity." Management has set the goal of getting its product prices below traditional animal protein in the next couple of years. Right now its Beyond Burger is the closest. Its price per pound was down 7% year over year in the third quarter, and I expect prices to get closer as the company keeps scaling production.
And once plant-based meat is actually cheaper than normal beef, it could spark fresh revenue growth from first-time customers just looking to save some money.
Many see lower prices from Beyond Meat as a bad thing, assuming profit margins are getting decimated. In reality, they're holding strong. Through the first three quarters of 2019, Beyond Meat's gross profit margin was 33%. By comparison, in the same period of 2020, its gross profit margin was almost 32% and was hurt by the COVID-19 pandemic. As you can see, the company is lowering prices in harmony with production improvements, mitigating this concern for now.
Image source: Zoom Video Communications.
3. Zoom Video Communications: down 40%
Shares of Zoom Video Communications (NASDAQ: ZM) hit their top price in -- you guessed it -- October at $588.84 per share. The company became synonymous with video messaging in 2020, a useful service when people are trying to physically distance themselves to slow the spread of the coronavirus.
Through the first three quarters of 2020, Zoom Video's revenue skyrocketed 307% from the comparable period of 2019 to almost $1.8 billion, perhaps the fastest growth rate you'll ever see at this scale.
With a market capitalization already around $100 billion, I can't deny it's getting harder for Zoom to move the needle. Also, like Fastly, I can't deny that Zoom Video is an expensive stock with a price-to-sales ratio of 50. But investors shouldn't write off a winner like Zoom on valuation concerns alone, especially when factoring in how much Zoom can still expand.
First, it can grow internationally. In the first three quarters of 2020, only 30% of its revenue came from international markets, and management has said this will be an area of focus. Second, Zoom Phone (enterprise phone infrastructure that ties in with Zoom video chats) only just launched in 2020, so it could allow the company to continue becoming more integrated with its customers' needs.
Speaking of Zoom Phone, this is a product its customers asked for, and the company will keep adding new products as its customers make requests. Zoom Video is reportedly looking to disrupt email and calendars like it has disrupted video communications, adding yet another layer of growth potential.
I doubt Zoom Video stock will go parabolic like it did in 2020. But it doesn't have to in order to beat the market. Given its ongoing opportunity, investors should give the stock a look now that's it's pulled back from all-time highs.
A chart showing each stock's decline off its high for the past year. FSLY data by YCharts.
Top stocks on sale
Whether it's Fastly, Beyond Meat, or Zoom Video Communications, I hope investors see that these businesses are far from struggling. Each has performed well over the past year and has opportunities ahead. That's why they're top stocks. And considering each stock is down big, now may be a good time to think about picking up some shares on sale.
Find out why Zoom Video Communications is one of the 10 best stocks to buy now
Motley Fool co-founders Tom and David Gardner have spent more than a decade beating the market. After all, the newsletter they have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor, has tripled the market.*
Tom and David just revealed their ten top stock picks for investors to buy right now. Zoom Video Communications is on the list -- but there are nine others you may be overlooking.
Click here to get access to the full list!
*Stock Advisor returns as of November 20, 2020
Jon Quast owns shares of Beyond Meat, Inc. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Beyond Meat, Inc., Fastly, and Zoom Video Communications. The Motley Fool recommends Gartner. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Wikiquote:Votes for deletion/Soul Eater: Seasons 1-15
--Lemonaka (talk) 03:19, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
Soul Eater: Seasons 1-15
Fan fiction/hoax/vandalism, not sure how best to describe nonsense like this but it doesn't seem to fit any speedy deletion criteria. See also Soul Eater: Seasons 16-Current which should be deleted for the same reason. I'm pretty sure this is some LTA who is obsessed with crossovers between unrelated fictional works who has been dumping garbage like this onto Wikipedia for many years now. — Xezbeth (talk) 06:26, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
Vote closes: 07:00, 7 July 2023 (UTC)
* VOID: Per pre-existing open duplicate Wikiquote:Votes for deletion/SoulEaterFan articles. To be fair to that was setup incorrectly and I fixed it just after Xezbeth raised this but hadn't realised this had been raised until a fair bit later. -- DeirgeDeltac 00:03, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
* As an explanation how this arose I noticed this paid suddenly appeared on the mainspace unconnected pages list and I raised the question about the de-sitelink on Wikidata -- DeirgeDeltac 00:10, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Why my laptop screen is black? [Fixed]
Last Updated on August 12, 2022 by Ali Raza
My laptop screen is black. I’ve tried everything to get rid of the problem. What should I do?
It’s one of the best things about a laptop… being able to type away from the glare of the sun. But when the screen is black, there’s no reflection to distract your vision. So how do you keep your screen clear? With some simple tricks, of course. Here’s what I use to keep my screen from turning black:
Black screen of death. This is one of the most common errors when a computer user encounters a problem. When a Laptop goes black, there are a couple of reasons it could be happening. First, if the Laptop is on but no one is logged in, it’s possible that the monitor has shut off, so the display isn’t showing anything. If the Laptop is on but you’re logged in, that’s great—but the problem is that the Laptop is having trouble switching to the graphics mode.
The first thing to do is to turn off the Laptop. If you’re having problems with the display, press the F2 key to access the BIOS settings. There is an option in the BIOS settings called “Display”. This will allow you to set the display brightness. You can use the function keys (F1, F2, and so on) to navigate to the right section of the menu.
When you reach the Display section, you will see the option “Brightness”. Press the down arrow key to move down the list, and then press Enter to highlight “Brightness”. Now, you need to move the slider to the left. You will see a number at the bottom of the screen that changes depending on how bright the display is.
Check Also: Why are Laptop WebCam So Bad
4 Reasons Why My Laptop Screen is Black
Laptop overheating
I’ll be showing you what to do if your laptop starts making weird noises, turns on or off rapidly, or won’t turn on at all.
The laptop should always be on a flat, hard surface. You don’t want to use a soft, squishy surface as it will absorb heat.
When your computer turns itself off for no apparent reason, check the system settings and be sure nothing unusual is turned on.
Your work PC needs to be clean and generate more workload. It might be time to buy a new one.
If you have a problem with your computer or laptop after a gaming session, it’s probably because the program you’re using has high system requirements. You can check your system requirements for any game before you buy it.
If you’re serious about playing computer games, it may be time to update your laptop.[Preoperative diagnosis in esophageal carcinoma. A prospective study].
The problem might lie in your RAM or your video card. Both components are critical to your computer’s performance. A system requirements chart may help you determine which is at fault.
A good idea would be to check that all the GPU is functioning correctly ۔ In some cases, the graphics card has shut down and it can take some time for this to be detected.
You can disable the dedicated graphics card in BIOS.
Fixing issues in the operating system
Whether your operating system is the root cause or not, it does nothing to check if there’s a problem.
If your computer’s speed is fine but your screen stops displaying when the operating system is started, your video card could be defective. You should download the latest drivers from the manufacturer’s website.
There’s no need to do anything, just let Windows repair the issue.
In case your computer turns off while installing updates or installing an application, there is a way to do a system restore, which is usually successful.
You should install the Windows 10 update.
If it is related to OS then this will solve this problem. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist buserelin treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Issue detection display
In this case, it’s a problem that’s hard to detect, but if you’re having trouble viewing anything on the screen,
When you play a 720p video this is how your screen will look.
If your screen is connected, it means the LCD has a problem. You might need to replace the screen or the LCD.
If the computer is still under warranty, you should contact the computer manufacturer.
Take your laptop to a service lab to make sure it works properly.
Check your brightness level
Before doing anything, make sure that the screen is not simply your brightness level.
Check if your brightness level is set to high. If so, adjust it to a lower setting.
Conclusion
I am not sure what went wrong, but it was something about the new operating system, and I had to delete it and reinstall everything. So, maybe your computer has the same issue, so check your settings to make sure that your device is connected to the internet and you have the correct drivers. If your screen is black, you need to restart your computer. And for the record, I have not experienced any problems since I reinstalled windows 10.
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Talk:Hypernasal speech
Sourcing
Please prefer sources in English when possible, see WP:NONENG. I see little reason to use so many Dutch sources here. Try searching Google Books for "Hypernasal speech". Uʔ (talk) 19:13, 27 October 2011 (UTC)
* English usage does seem inconsistent. Hypernasality or Hypernasal resonance crop up on pubmed. I put the former in the infobox. If no-one objects, I'd switch the cites to use the usual diberri format for medical articles.LeadSongDog come howl! 22:09, 27 October 2011 (UTC)
Merge Nasality
Hypernasal speech and Nasality (disorder) appear to describe the same thing, so the articles should be merged. jnestorius(talk) 11:38, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified 3 external links on Hypernasal speech. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120405093506/http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/assets/0/78/759/781/65e90133-9243-4926-a065-8a97951944fb.pdf to http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/assets/0/78/759/781/65e90133-9243-4926-a065-8a97951944fb.pdf
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120403185338/http://www.entcolumbia.org/hypernas.html to http://www.entcolumbia.org/hypernas.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140222210521/http://www.ntvg.nl/publicatie/de-invloed-van-chirurgische-behandeling-van-open-neusspraak-op-horen-en-spreken/volledig/print to http://www.ntvg.nl/publicatie/de-invloed-van-chirurgische-behandeling-van-open-neusspraak-op-horen-en-spreken/volledig/print
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 09:30, 7 April 2017 (UTC)
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User:Bubblywitch
Hi Everyone,
I'm Bubblywitch! I am an extensive user of Wikipedia as an initial study and research resource. I am currently studying for a masters degree by research at Athlone Institute of Technology in Ireland and my research focuses on transport layer protocols.
I've only just dipped my toe in the water in respect of editing with my only contribution so far being to add a couple of links to the DCCP page. Hopefully I'll contribute more as I get a better feel for it and feel confident enough that I am making a valid contribution.
There's not much more I can say for now.
Take care all.
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Page:Book of Were-wolves.djvu/35
14 Half the world believes, or believed in, were-wolves, and they were supposed to haunt the Norwegian forests by those who had never remotely been connected with Arcadia: and the superstition had probably struck deep its roots into the Scandinavian and Teutonic minds, ages before Lycaon existed; and we have only to glance at Oriental literature, to see it as firmly engrafted in the imagination of the Easterns.
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TeeKay-421
TeeKay-421 is a Belgian Star Wars Fanclub founded in 1997 by Christiaan Vertez, Laurent Bettens, and Tim Veekhoven.
TeeKay publishes four TeeKay-421 magazines a year (articles, interviews, reviews), organizes club meetings and contests, runs a website, and has held several charity actions. The magazine and website are in Dutch.
History
Founded in 1997, TeeKay became a non-profit organization in 1998. TeeKay's website won the 1999 award of best non-professional website in Belgium.
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User:Sagar saliya sss/sandbox
sagar saliya is actor and he work hard in any field. his ooking is very fine he start his carrier with movie .Sagar saliya sss (talk) 06:48, 9 July 2015 (UTC)surat
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WLTQ (AM)
WLTQ (730 AM) is a radio station in Charleston, South Carolina. It is owned by Mediatrix SC and it airs a Catholic talk radio format. Most of the programming comes from EWTN Radio and is shared with co-owned WCKI in Greer.
By day, WLTQ is powered at 5,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna. But 730 AM is a Canadian and Mexican clear-channel frequency. So to avoid interference, WLTQ reduces power at night to 103 watts. The AM transmitter is in the West Ashley neighborhood of Charleston, off Wappoo Road. Programming is simulcast on 99-watt FM translator W294CJ at 106.7 MHz in Charleston.
WPAL
The station signed on the air in 1947. It was a daytimer, powered at 1,000 watts but required to go off the air at night. The original call sign was WPAL, chosen because South Carolina is the "Palmetto State." The owner was Palmetto Broadcasters at 149 Wentworth Street.
It later became Charleston's first radio station targeting African-Americans. It aired R&B music on weekdays, with urban gospel on Sundays. William Saunders bought the station in 1985 after being a part owner since 1971, and he added 100.9 WPAL-FM in 1994. In 1998, he sold WPAL-AM-FM to Clear Channel Communications, based in San Antonio.
WSC Talk
Clear Channel changed the AM station's call sign to WSCC (though the station was known as WSC). Its format flipped to talk radio in 1999 and it carried many of the nationally syndicated talk shows from co-owned Premiere Networks. The station moved from 18th to 16th place. By 2002, WSC was beating rival talk station 1250 WTMA with 25-54 listeners in the early afternoon, thanks to carrying The Rush Limbaugh Show. WSC had taken the program from WTMA, since it was syndicated by Premiere Networks. But WTMA was the clear winner in other time slots.
In 2004, the call letters changed to WLTQ. The station began airing liberal-leaning progressive talk shows from Air America Radio. Programs included Morning Sedition and The Majority Report. It also carried The Stephanie Miller Show and The Ed Schultz Show from the Jones Radio Network. AM 730 used the branding "Progressive 730".
Adult Standards, Latin Pop and Catholic Talk
In 2005, WLTQ flipped to adult standards music. It began carrying the nationally syndicated "Music of Your Life" feed. That lasted three years. In March 2008, the station switched to Spanish-language music as "Viva 730".
According to FCC filings, the station was sold to Indigo Radio LLC in July 2008. The new owners took the station silent because they did not have access to the prior station's studio or broadcast facilities. They received an FCC construction permit to move to a new location. As of December 2008, the new owners applied for an additional 90 days to remain silent while they constructed their new facilities.
In July 2009, WLTQ returned to the air with urban gospel music. Then in 2010, Indigo announced the sale of WLTQ to Mediatrix SC LLC, owner of nearby WQIZ. The price tag was $525,000. In 2011, WLTQ changed to a format of Catholic talk, mostly from EWTN Radio.
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User:Rajiv jha 78
Rajiv Ranjan Jha
Born Rajiv Ranjan Jha 1 March 1978 (age 42)[1] Bihar, India[2] Alma mater Delhi University[3] Occupation Manufacturer Prefabricated house Years active 2000–present Works Full list Spouse(s)Ranjan Jha (m. 1997) Children 3 First Daughter Muskan 20 Years Second Daughter Rashmi 17 Years Third Son Ashish 15 Years
Signature Rajiv Ranjan Jha
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Florence MacMichael
Florence MacMichael (April 26, 1919 – May 28, 1999) was an American character actress of stage, film and television, best known for playing Winnie Kirkwood in the television series Mister Ed.
Early life and education
MacMichael was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, to Mary (née Wahl) and Roy A. MacMichael. She studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City.
Career
MacMichael began her entertainment career on local radio and theatre and later on Broadway. A major role in the Broadway play Out of the Frying Pan led to her first film role in its 1943 adaptation, Young and Willing. Some of her subsequent film credits include Woman Obsessed (1959), The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit (1968) and Welcome Home, Soldier Boys (1972).
On television MacMichael was cast in a recurring role as Florence Pearson in the sitcom My Three Sons (1960–1961), as Winnie Kirkwood in Mister Ed (1963–1965), and as Barney Fife's girlfriend in two episodes of The Andy Griffith Show. She also performed in several episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, on The Twilight Zone episode "Mr. Bevis", on the Western series The Tall Man in "Millionaire MacBean", as well as on other television series such Bachelor Father, Dennis the Menace, The Donna Reed Show, and Alcoa Premiere.
MacMichael was active in local theater as both an actress and director. She was the founder of the Sierra Madre Studio Players and worked too at the Pasadena Playhouse. By the late 1970s, she began teaching stage acting at the Pasadena Repertory Theatre inside The Hotel Carver. One of her more notable exercises in instructing method acting was to have her students perform like a slice of bacon frying on a hot skillet.
Personal life
MacMichael was married twice, first to Sebryn Myers and then to James McCoy. She had two children, a son and a daughter. In 1999, at age 80, she died in Cambria in San Luis Obispo County, California.
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Pre-, pro-, and synbiotics: do they have a role in reducing uremic toxins? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Megan Rossi, Kerenaftali Klein, David W Johnson, Katrina L Campbell
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review
88 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Objective. This paper assessed the effectiveness of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on reducing two protein-bound uremic toxins, p-cresyl sulphate (PCS) and indoxyl sulphate (IS). Methods. English language studies reporting serum, urinary, or fecal PCS and/or IS (or their precursors) following pre-, pro-, or synbiotic interventions (>1 day) in human adults were included. Population estimates of differences in the outcomes between the pre- and the postintervention were estimated for subgroups of studies using four meta-analyses. Quality was determined using the GRADE approach. Results. 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, 14 in healthy adults and five in haemodialysis patients. Eight studies investigated prebiotics, six probiotics, one synbiotics, one both pre- and probiotics, and three studies trialled all three interventions. The quality of the studies ranged from moderate to very low. 12 studies were included in the meta-analyses with all four meta-analyses reporting statistically significant reductions in IS and PCS with pre- and probiotic therapy. Conclusion. There is a limited but supportive evidence for the effectiveness of pre- and probiotics on reducing PCS and IS in the chronic kidney disease population. Further studies are needed to provide more definitive findings before routine clinical use can be recommended.
Original languageEnglish
Article number673631
Number of pages20
JournalInternational Journal of Nephrology
Volume2012
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2012
Externally publishedYes
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linux hang on i.mx35 board, a sdma problem?
Alexander Stein alexander.stein at systec-electronic.com
Thu Oct 7 10:23:29 EDT 2010
Hello,
I'm currently developing on an i.mx35 board (http://www.ic-
board.de/product_info.php?info=p159_ICnova-i-MX353-OEM.html) (I use the
mx35_pdk config for linux kernel)
and noticed a strange behavior. If I run it while openocd is attached to JTAG
linux stops/seem to stop during boot after initializing FEC. But if I stop the
execution and attach gdb I can see it loops inside default_idle. After
removing the fec driver the same goes until the first few chars printed from
busybox init (run from initramfs).
If I don't attach openocd to JTAG, the system boots fine, but I cannot attach
openocd to the running linux system.
I have to admit I removed the DMA device drivers, because otherwise linux
doesn't seem to start at all.
Is this problem related to the sdma unit? I read something from the manual
sdma can be blocked from jtag access, maybe this breaks the chain.
If not, what could be the cause, that the system is not starting properly, but
the idle loop is executed?
Best regards,
Alexander
PS: I tested eariler on the BSP (2.6.34) from in-circuit, but the test above
is using linux-2.6.36-rc7.
More information about the linux-arm-kernel mailing list
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Herbert Sidney Percy
Herbert Sidney Percy (18 February 1863 - 8 October 1932) was a member of the Williams family of painters who painted mainly portraits, but also produced some fine landscapes of the English countryside.
Percy was the youngest son of the popular Victorian landscape painter Sidney Richard Percy and Emily Fairlam, his father being a member of the Williams family of painters. He married Maud Thompson, who was the sister of the well-known Shakespearean actress Constance Crawley. His sister Amy Dora Percy became a novelist under the pen name of Mrs. Fred Reynolds.
Percy entered the Royal Academy of Art Schools in December 1881 at the age of 18, and spent two three-year terms there, earning two silver medals. Although he was a competent landscape artist, he considered himself primarily a portrait and miniature painter, as these brought in the large commissions, and his portraits hang in the homes of many prominent English families. He also painted some impressionist pieces, worked as a picture restorer, and prepared engravings, often from his own line drawings, for books and magazines. He was a close friend of the writer G.K. Chesterton, and some of Chesterton's books are illustrated with Percy's engravings.
He exhibited one painting at the Royal Academy, and eight works with the Society of British Artists. He was also a frequent exhibitor with the Royal Society of Painters in Oil and Watercolours. His portrait of Captain James Wood hangs in the Royal Marines Museum in Portsmouth, Hampshire. His daughter Sidney Dolores Bunce became a noted California painter.
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Next Thai general election
The next general elections are scheduled to be held in Thailand no later than 27 June 2027. They will determine the composition of the House of Representatives.
Background
This will be the third election under the 2017 constitution, which was implemented under the National Council for Peace and Order (the junta that took power in the 2014 Thai coup d'état), and the first after the expiration of the constitution's five-year transitory provision that gave the senate voting rights to choose the prime minister in a joint session of parliament. As such, unlike in 2023 when the junta-appointed senate (whose term also ends after five years) blocked the election's majority winner from forming government, this time the outcome of the election should determine the resulting government.
Electoral system
As in the 2023 election, the electoral system will follow that of the 2021 amendment of the 2017 constitution. The 500 members of the House of Representatives are elected by parallel voting. 400 seats are elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting and 100 seats by proportional representation. Voters cast separate ballots for the two sets of seats.
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Category:People from Seneca, New York
People with a connection to Seneca, Ontario County, New York.
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VR-64
Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 64 (VR-64), nicknamed the Condors, is a logistics squadron of the U.S. Navy Reserve, based at the Fort Dix entity of Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 64 (VP-64) on 1 November 1970 and redesignated on 18 September 2004, after 34 years of service. It was based at NAS Willow Grove, Pennsylvania until it was transferred to the Fort Dix element of Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst in 2011. Units of the squadron made 26 major overseas deployments.
Operational history
* 1 Nov 1970: VP-64 was established as a reserve patrol squadron at NAS Willow Grove, under the operational control of Reserve Patrol Wings, Atlantic. VP-64 was established from previously existing reserve VPs—66W1-W3, 21W4, 26W5 and 23W6—as a result of a major reorganization of the Naval Air Reserve that took place in 1970. The 12 reserve squadrons formed were structured along the lines of regular Navy squadrons with nearly identical organization and manning levels. The concept, known as the 12/2/1 had 12 VP squadrons under two commands, Commander Fleet Air Reserve Wings Atlantic and Commander Fleet Air Reserve Wings Pacific, both under the control of one central authority, Commander Naval Air Reserve. VP-64 was initially equipped with 12 Lockheed SP-2H Neptune aircraft, 60 officers and 323 enlisted personnel.
* June 1973–June 1974: The squadron's first Lockheed P-3A DIFAR Orion arrived. Transition training for aircrews was completed in June 1974.
* 7 February 1977: VP-64 participated in Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations with CTG 84.3 in the Mediterranean for a period of three days. The squadron was awarded a Meritorious Unit Commendation on 1 December 1977 for its performance.
* October 1982–October 1983: Crew transition training to the P-3A TAC/NAV MOD airframe was begun and completed in October 1983. The TAC/NAV MOD version replaced the ASN-42 navigation and tactical display systems with the LTN-72 inertial and Omega navigation systems and digital computer.
* January 1987: Perimeter security at NAS Willow Grove was breached by a peace activist group. Several members of the group were able to damage one of the squadron's aircraft before base security was able to respond.
* 1990: VP-64 traded in their 10 P-3A Orions for eight P-3B TAC/NAV MOD aircraft. The IRDS/HACLS modifications added infrared detection. The completion of these modifications gave squadron aircraft a Harpoon launch capability. The Harpoon missile capability was originally intended specifically for the elimination of Soviet surveillance trawlers in the event of war.
* April–May 1993: VP-64 deployed to Nimes, France, in support of joint French-American ASW exercises. A detachment was maintained at RNAS Souda Bay, Crete. Several crews were put on alert status at Naval Air Station Sigonella, Sicily, during the period of heightened tensions in the former Yugoslavian Republic in support of UN sanctions.
* January–March 1994: VP-64 deployed several detachments to Roosevelt Roads Naval Station, Puerto Rico, in support of Operation Uphold Democracy. The detachments assisted in supporting UN sanctions against Haiti.
* April 1994: VP-64 began the transition from the P-3B to the P-3C UII. It incorporated the latest in avionics and weapons systems, including a turret-mounted infrared detection device to drop out of the nose to identify targets day or night.
* July–September 1995: VP-64 deployed several detachments to Roosevelt Roads Naval Station, in support of DoD counter-narcotics patrols in the Caribbean theater. During this period the Condors assisted in the tracking and seizure of narcotics shipments estimated at a street value of $2.5 billion.
Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
* SP-2H Neptune – November 1970
* P-3A DIFAR Orion – June 1973
* P-3A TAC/NAV MOD Orion – June 1982
* P-3B TAC/NAV MOD Orion – 1990
* P-3C UII Orion – April 1994
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Page:The Complete Peerage Ed 1 Vol 2.djvu/391
390 COVENTRY. VIII. 1751. 6'. George William (Coventry), Earl of Coventry, &c, "2nd but 1st Burv. s. and h., 6. 26 April 1722 ; ed. at Winchester School ; inatric. at Oxford (Univ. Coll.) 6 July 1737 ; cr. M.A., 20 Nov. 1739 ; M.P. for Bridport, 1744-47 ; for co. Worcester, 1747-51 ; Lord-Lieuc and Custos Rot. co. Wore, 1751—1808 ; Lord of the Bedchamber to Geo. II. and Geo. III., 1752-70; Recorder of Coventry, 1774. He m. firstly 5 March 1752, by spec. he. at St. Geo., Han. Sq., Maria,( a ) 1st da. of John Gunning of Castle Coote, co. Roscommon, by Bridget, da. of Theobald (Bourke), 6th Viscount Bourke of Mayo [I.] She, who was b. at Hemiugford Grey, co. Huntingdon, and was long considered the most beautiful woman at the Court, d. of consumption, 30 Sep. 1760. He m., secondly, 27 Sep. 1764, Barbara, da. of John (St. John), 10th Bakon St. John ok Blktso, by Elizabeth, da. of Sir Ambrose Crowley. She d. 25 Nov. 1804. He d. 3 Sep. 1809, aged 87. Will pr. Oct 1809. IX. 1809. 7. George William (Coventry), Earl of Coventry, &c, s. and h. by 1st wife, of whom he was the only son, b. 25 April 1758; matric. at Oxford (Ch. Ch.) 5 Jan. 1776; Ensign, 64th Foot, 1776: Lieut., 17th Light Dragoons, 1777 ; Lieut-Col. of the Worcestershire Militia, 18U0 ; Lord- Lieut, and Custos Rot, co. Wore, (on resignation of his Father) 1808. Recorder of Worcester; High Steward of Tewkesbury. He m. firstly, 18 March, 1777, Catharine, da. of Robert (Henley), 1st Eaklof Nohthinqton, by Jane, da. of Sir John Huuanu. She d., s.p., 9 March 1779. Admon., as Viscountess Deerhurst, 10 May 1779. He »t. secondly 10 Jan. 1783, at St. Geo., Han. Sq., Peggy, 2nd da. and coheir of Sir Abraham Pitches, of Streatham, Surrey, by Jane, da. of Robert Prowse Hasski, of Wraysbury, Bucks. He d. 26 March 1831 at Coventry House, Piccadilly, Midx. Will pr. May 1831. His widow d. 15 Jan. 1840. Will pr. March 1840. X. 1831. S. George William (Coventry), Earl of Coventry, &c, s. and h. by 2nd wife, b. 16 Oct. 1784 ; matric. at Oxford (Ch. Ch.) 4 Feb. 1802; M.P. for Worcester, Dec. 1816 to 1826; Col. Worcestershire Militia, 1838; Lord-Lieut, and Custos Rot. co. Wore, 1838. He m. firstly, 16 Jan. 1808, Emma Susanna, da. of William (Lyson), 1st Eaul Beauchami-, by Catharine, da. of James Denn. She d. (as Viscountess Deerhurst) 8 Aug. 1810. He m. secondly, iu Scotland 22 June, and in England 6 Nov. 1811, Mary, da. of Aubrey (Beaucleuk), 6th Duke of St. Albans, by his first wife, Mary, da. of John Moses. He d. 15 May 1843, aged 58, at Coventry House, Piccadilly, afsd. Will pr. Aug. 1843 and April 1844. His widow, who was b. 30 June 1791, d. 11 Sep. 1845 at Naples. Will pr. Feb. 1846. [George William Coventry, styled Viscount Deerhurst, s. and h. by 1st wife; b. 25 Oct 1808 ; Lieut 2nd Life Guards. He m. 15 March 1836, Harriet Anne, da. of Sir Charles Cockerell, 1st Bai t, sister to Sir Charles Rushont, 2nd Bart. He d. v.p. 5 Nov. 1838 at Bourton House, co. Glouc. Admon. Jan. 1839. His widow d. 7 Jan. 1842. Will pr. March 1842]. XI. 1843. 9. George William (Coventry), Earl of Coventry and Viscount Deeuhuust, grandson and h., being s. and h. of George William Coventry, styled Viscount Deerhurst, and Harriet Anne, his wife abovenamed. He was 6. 9 May 1838, in Wilton Crescent, Midx. ; ed. at Eton ; matric. at Oxford (Ch. Ch.), 13 March 1856 ; sometime an officer in the Worcestershire Yeomanry ; (a) She was the more lovely of the two (or rather three) sisters, 80 famed for their beauty, of whom Elizabeth was Duchess of Hamilton and afterwards Duchess of Argyll See vol. i, p. 127, note "a." Horace Walpole writes, 27 Feb. 1752 of " the extempore wedding of the youngest of the two Gunnings" [with the Duke of Hamilton, for the two sisters married within less than three weeks], find adds that "Lord Coventry, a grave young Lord, of the remains of the patriot breed, has long dangled after the eldest, virtuously with regard to her honour ; not very honour- ably with regard to his own credit," [aud] " declares that vino he will marry the other." The portrait of this Lady, by various painters, hua been many times engraved.
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Deal of the Day! Hurry Up, Grab the Special Discount - Save 25% - Ends In 00:00:00 Coupon code: SAVE25
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Oracle 1Z0-821 Exam
Certification Provider: Oracle
Exam Name: Solaris 11 System Administration
Duration: 150 Minutes
Number of questions in our database: 243
Exam Version: May. 21, 2023
1Z0-821 Exam Official Topics:
• Topic 1: Troubleshoot zone and resource utilization issues/ Explain key user management concepts
• Topic 2: Troubleshoot user account and quota issues/ Troubleshoot service and boot issues
• Topic 3: Managing System Processes and Scheduling System Tasks/ Verify the operating system installation
• Topic 4: Troubleshoot access and authentication issues/ Plan for an Oracle Solaris 11 operating system installation
• Topic 5: Determine the current zones configuration and resource utilization on the system/ Installing Oracle Solaris 11 using an Interactive Installer
• Topic 6: Troubleshoot file systems and storage issues/ Setting Up and Administering User Accounts
• Topic 7: Explain basic networking concepts/ Troubleshoot installation issues
• Topic 8: Explain the role of the Service Management Facility (SMF)/ Install the Oracle Solaris 11 operating system by using an interactive installer
• Topic 9: Administer ZFS Snapshots and Clones/ Administer an Oracle Solaris zone/ Schedule system administration tasks
• Topic 10: Troubleshoot software update issues/ Update the Oracle Solaris 11 operating system by using IPS
• Topic 11: Managing password algoritgms/ Manage user initialization files/ Setting Up and Administering Data Storage
Free Oracle 1Z0-821 Exam Actual Questions
The questions for 1Z0-821 were last updated On May. 21, 2023
Question #1
You are going to create live zones on you server. Disk space is critical on this server so you need to reduce the amount of disk space required for these zones. Much of the data required for each of these zones is identical, so you want to eliminate the duplicate copies of data and store only data that is unique to each zone.
Which two options provide a solution for eliminating the duplicate copies of data that is common between all of these zones?
Reveal Solution Hide Solution
Correct Answer: D, E
n Oracle Solaris 11, you can use the deduplication (dedup) property to remove redundant data from your ZFS file systems. If a file system has the dedup property enabled, duplicate data blocks are removed synchronously. The result is that only unique data is stored, and common components are shared between files.
Question #2
You created a new zpool. Now you need to migrate the existing ZFS file system from pool1/prod to pool2/prod.
You have these requirements:
1. Users must have access to the data during the migration, so you cannot shutdown the file system while the migration takes place.
2. Because you want to copy the data as quickly as possible, you need to increase the server resources devoted to the ZFS migration.
Which method would you use to modify the ZFS shadow migration daemon defaults to increase the concurrency and overall speed of migration?
Reveal Solution Hide Solution
Correct Answer: A
shadowd is a daemon that provides background worker threads to migrate data for a shadow migration. A shadow migration gradually moves data from a source file system into a new ''shadow'' file system. Users can access and change their data within the shadow file system while migration is occurring.
The shadowd service is managed by the service management facility, smf(5). Administrative actions on this service, such as enabling, disabling, or requesting restart, can be performed using svcadm(1M). The service's status can be queried using the svcs(1) command.
The svccfg(1M) command can be used to manage the following parameter related to shadowd:
config_params/shadow_threads
Note: Oracle Solaris 11: In this release, you can migrate data from an old file system to a new file system while simultaneously allowing access and modification of the new file system during the migration process.
Setting the shadow property on a new ZFS file system triggers the migration of the older data. The shadow property can be set to migrate data from the local system or a remote system with either of the following values:
file:///path
nfs://host:path
Question #3
You run the command dlstat show-link -r.
Select the two correct statements regarding the information displayed in the INTRS column.
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Correct Answer: C, E
In this output, the statistics for interrupt (INTRS) are significant. Low interrupt numbers indicate greater efficiency in performance. If the interrupt numbers are high, then you might need to add more resources to the specific link.
Example:
# dlstat -r -i 1
LINK IPKTS RBYTES INTRS POLLS CH<10 CH10-50 CH>50
e1000g0 101.91K 32.86M 87.56K 14.35K 3.70K 205 5
nxge1 9.61M 14.47G 5.79M 3.82M 379.98K 85.66K 1.64K
vnic1 8 336 0 0 0 0 0
e1000g0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
nxge1 82.13K 123.69M 50.00K 32.13K 3.17K 724 24
vnic1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Note: dlstat show-link [-r [-F] | -t] [-i interval] [-a] [-p] [ -o field[, ...]] [-u R|K|M|G|T|P] [link]
Display statistics for a link.
-r
Display receive-side statistics only. Includes bytes and packets received, hardware and software drops, and so forth.
List of supported RX fields:
link
iusedby
ibytes
ipkts
intrs
polls
hdrops: hardware drops
sdrops: software drops (owing to bandwidth enforcement)
ch<10: number of packet chains of length < 10
ch10-50: number of packet chains of length between 10 and 50
ch>50: number of packet chains of length > 50
Question #4
Examine this command and its output:
$ zfs list -r -t all tank
Name USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
tank 2.41G 2.43G 32K /tank
tank/database 2.41G 2.43G 2.41G /tank/database
tank/[email protected] 20K - 2.00G --
Next you execute:
# zfs destroy tank/database
Which statement is true about the result of executing this command?
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Correct Answer: C
Question #5
Examine this command and its output:
# zoneadm list
Global
zone2
Which two outcomes can be deduced from this output?
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Correct Answer: B, C
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Qualitative Faecal Hb (FHb)
Qualitative Faecal Hb (FHb)
Purpose:
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer, after lung and breast cancer, and the fourth most common cause of cancer death, although in developed countries CRC incidence is higher and it accounts for an even higher proportion of cancer deaths.1
Screening for colorectal cancer reduces its mortality rate. Many countries have implemented population-based CRC screening programmes and many more are poised to do so. Whilst several different CRC screening modalities are available, choice will be influenced by cost, available resources (e.g. high-quality colonoscopy) and acceptability of the test by the invited population.2
The qualitative guaiac FOB test (gFOBT) detects the presence of faecal occult blood (FOB) and was historically used in many CRC screening programmes, however, this test has essentially been replaced in the UK by Faecal Immunochemical testing (FIT) for Haemoglobin (Hb). This is a much more specific test for bleeding from the colon or lower gastrointestinal tract, as it does not detect occult blood from the stomach and upper small intestine. The Weqas Qualitative Faecal Hb programme caters for laboratories using the qualitative FIT methods and those using the gFOBT kits.
1. Tests and investigations for colorectal cancer screening. Clin Biochem. 2014 Jul;47(10-11):921-39. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.04.019. Epub 2014 Apr 24. Carroll MR1, Seaman HE2, Halloran SP3.
2. Faecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer screening: the past or the future. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2015 Feb;17(2):428. doi: 10.1007/s11894-015-0428-2. Benton SC1, Seaman HE, Halloran SP.
Scope:
Three samples are distributed on a monthly basis. Samples are prepared from organic material designed to simulate the composition of human faeces. The range of Hb in the material covers the pathological and analytical range for gFOBT and qualitative (FIT). Participants are assessed on their ability to correctly detect negative and positive samples with scores reflecting the concentration of Hb in the material and the clinical impact of an incorrect result. A correct result (in agreement with interpretive comment) is given a score of 0. A score of 4 is assigned for a gross misclassification of the result. A negative result for a positive sample is given a score between 1 and 4 depending on the Hb concentration of the sample, where 1 would relate to a sample with a Hb concentration at or close to the method “cut off” and 4 for a sample at a high Hb concentration. Any positive result for a negative sample is given a score of 3. The sensitivities of the methods and the intended purpose of the kits are also considered in the scores.
Key Features:
• Material closely mirrors the basic constituents of human faeces.
• Covers the pathological and analytical range for guaiac based faecal occult blood tests (gFOBT) and Qualitative Faecal Immunochemical tests (FIT).
• Challenging samples at clinically relevant cut-offs for screening programmes.
Frequency:
Monthly
Samples:
3 x 0.3g
Material:
Organic material spiked with human whole blood
Qualitative Faecal Hb (FHb) Programme
AnalyteApprox. Range Covered
FOB0 - 3.5mg Hb/g matrix
hsFOB0 - 3.5mg Hb/g matrix
Qualitative FIT0 - 3500µg Hb/g matrix
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Peter Sissons
Peter George Sissons (17 July 1942 – 1 October 2019) was an English journalist and broadcaster. He was a newscaster for ITN, providing bulletins on ITV and Channel 4, before becoming the presenter of the BBC's Question Time between 1989 and 1993, and a presenter of the BBC Nine O'Clock News and Ten O'Clock News between 1993 and 2003. He retired from the BBC in 2009 and died in 2019 from leukaemia at the age of 77.
Early life
Born at Smithdown Road Hospital in Liverpool on 17 July 1942, Sissons was the third of four brothers, sons of Merchant Navy officer George Robert Percival Sissons and his wife Elsie Emma (Evans). He attended Dovedale Junior School with John Lennon and Jimmy Tarbuck, passed the eleven-plus and attended the Liverpool Institute for Boys from 1953 to 1961 with the theatre producer Bill Kenwright, the politician Steven Norris, and George Harrison and Paul McCartney from the Beatles.
He read philosophy, politics and economics at University College, Oxford, where he was treasurer of the University College Players, with whom he also acted, produced, directed and organised.
ITN
Sissons joined ITN in 1964, working his way up to the role of journalist. He was wounded by gunfire whilst covering the Biafran War in 1968, sustaining severe nerve damage in his left leg. After recovering from his injuries, he became ITN's Industrial Editor, covering many high-profile disputes during the 1970s. On 6 September 1976, Sissons joined the list of presenters of ITN's lunchtime News at One bulletin, alternating with Leonard Parkin. He also co-presented ITN's coverage of the 1983 general election with Sir Alastair Burnet and Martyn Lewis, and again in 1987 with Burnet and Alastair Stewart.
In 1982, Sissons, along with Trevor McDonald and Sarah Hogg, presented the first edition of Channel 4 News. He remained on the programme for seven years, anchoring the only debate between National Union of Mineworkers leader Arthur Scargill and National Coal Board leader Ian MacGregor during the 1984–85 miners' strike. He was also the presenter on the night of the Lockerbie bombing in December 1988. In early 1989, Sissons received a death threat following his interview of an Iranian representative as part of the reaction surrounding the publication of The Satanic Verses, with the fatwa covering Salman Rushdie extended to cover him as well.
Sissons left ITN in 1989 to join the BBC.
BBC
In June 1989, Sissons took over from Sir Robin Day as the presenter of Question Time. He continued until December 1993, when he was succeeded by David Dimbleby. He co-presented the BBC's coverage of the 1992 general election with Dimbleby and Peter Snow.
From 1993, and for some years afterwards, he hosted Breakfast with Frost on Sunday mornings when regular host Sir David Frost was unavailable.
Between 1989-1994, he co-hosted the BBC Six O'Clock News after which he moved to present BBC Nine O'Clock News and he stayed with the programme when it became Ten O'Clock News. He was dropped from this position in January 2003. Sissons reportedly accused the BBC of ageism in response to its decision to remove him from the bulletin.
In 2002, Sissons announced the death of the Queen Mother on the BBC. This broadcast created controversy and criticism from some newspapers as he wore a burgundy tie and not a black one, deemed more appropriate for such news. He later defended his choice and a senior BBC source said: "We thought if the newsreader suddenly rushed off screen to change into a black tie for the announcement it would be a distraction for viewers."
Sissons subsequently presented weekend afternoons on BBC News 24, the corporation's rolling news channel, although until 2004 he still occasionally appeared on the Ten O'Clock News when Huw Edwards, Fiona Bruce and Darren Jordon were unavailable. Sissons also presented News 24 Sunday, the replacement for Andrew Marr's BBC One programme The Andrew Marr Show when it was off air during the summer. He also occasionally presented weekend bulletins on BBC One.
He retired from the BBC in 2009, announcing on 12 June his intention to retire in the summer in order to write his memoirs.
Sissons cited a 2009 interview he conducted with Harriet Harman as the final catalyst for his decision to leave the BBC. He noted how producers seemed "twitchy" about leaving him to interview the Labour politician unsupervised, and that those producers contacting him with advice "seemed to be fully paid-up members of her fan club." Sissons noted his shock at being urged not to raise the issue of a breaking controversy surrounding Gordon Brown failing to invite the Queen to a D-Day commemoration event, because it was "only a campaign being run by the Daily Mail". He asked the question anyhow, and upon arriving home afterwards decided he no longer wished to work for the organisation.
Autobiography
Following his retirement, Sissons published his 2011 autobiography When One Door Closes, in which he was highly critical of his former employer, the BBC. He argued that the organisation had a left-wing mindset "in its very DNA" and that BBC News had a bias towards New Labour, the United Nations, the European Union, environmental groups, Islam, ethnic minorities, and women. He wrote, "I am in no doubt that the majority of BBC staff vote for political parties of the Left". Sissons also highlighted the BBC's corresponding bias towards the Independent and Guardian newspapers, stating "producers refer to them routinely for the line to take on running stories, and for inspiration on which items to cover."
Personal life
Sissons had three children, one of whom, Kate Sissons, is an actress. Sissons lived in Sevenoaks, Kent, with his wife Sylvia (Bennett), and had a second home on the island of Barbados.
Sissons was a Liverpool John Moores University Honorary Fellow and delivered a lecture on 19 June 2008 speaking about the city of Liverpool. He was a lifelong supporter of Liverpool Football Club.
Death
Sissons died at the age of 77 on 1 October 2019 at the Maidstone Hospital in Kent from leukaemia. The Director-General of the BBC, Lord Hall of Birkenhead, hailed him as "one of the great television figures of his time". Other tributes to Sissons were paid by Huw Edwards, Tony Blair, Piers Morgan, Simon McCoy and Jon Snow. Sissons' former classmate Paul McCartney posted a tribute on his website.
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WIKI
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Page:Debates in the Several State Conventions, v4.djvu/533
1830.] Constitution be a compact between states, still that Constitution, or that compact, has established a government with certain powers; and whether it be one of those powers, that it shall construe and interpret for itself the terms of the compact in doubtful cases, can only be decided by looking to the compact, and inquiring what provisions it contains on this point. Without any inconsistency with natural reason, the government, even thus created, might be trusted with this power of construction. The extent of its powers, therefore, must still be sought for in the instrument itself.
If the old Confederation had contained a clause, declaring that resolutions of the Congress should be the supreme law of the land, any state law or constitution to the contrary notwithstanding, and that a committee of Congress, or any other body created by it, should possess judicial powers, extending to all cases arising under resolutions of Congress, then the power of ultimate decision would have been vested in Congress under the Confederation, although that Confederation was a compact between states; and for this plain reason—that it would have been competent to the states, who alone were parties to the compact, to agree who should decide in cases of dispute arising on the construction of the compact.
For the same reason, sir, if I were now to concede to the gentleman his principal proposition, viz., that the Constitution is a compact between states, the question would still be, what provision is made, in this compact, to settle points of disputed construction, or contested power, that shall come into controversy; and this question would still be answered, and conclusively answered, by the Constitution itself While the gentleman is contending against construction, he himself is setting up the most loose and dangerous construction. The Constitution declares that the laws of Congress shall be the supreme law of the land. No construction is necessary here. It declares, also, with equal plainness and precision, that the judicial power of the United States shall extend to every case arising under the laws of Congress. This needs no construction. Here is a law, then, which is declared to be supreme; and here is a power established which is to interpret that law. Now, sir, how has the gentleman met this? Suppose the Constitution to be a compact; yet here are its terms; and how does the gentleman get rid of them? He cannot argue the seal off the bond, nor the words out of the instrument. Here they are. What answer does he give to them? None in the world, sir, except that the effect of this would be to place the states in a condition of inferiority; and because it results, from the very nature of things, there being no superior, that the parties must be their own judges! Thus closely and cogently does the honorable gentleman reason on the words of the Constitution. The gentleman says, if there be such a power of final decisions in the general government, he asks for the grant of that power. Well, sir, I show him the grant—I turn him to the very words—I show him that the laws of Congress are made supreme, and that the judicial power extends, by express words, to the interpretation of these laws. Instead of answering this, he retreats into the general reflection, that it must result from the nature of things that the states, being the parties, must judge for themselves.
I have admitted, that, if the Constitution were to be considered as the creature of the state governments, it might be modified, interpreted, or construed, according to their pleasure. But, even in that case, it would be necessary that they should agree. One, alone, could not interpret it conclusively; one, alone, could not construe it; one, alone, could not modify it. Yet the gentleman's doctrine is, that Carolina, alone, may
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Aperi Database R2 Extensibility
Revision as of 10:16, 30 April 2007 by Chriskng.us.ibm.com (Talk | contribs)
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Introduction
This page provides information about how make a change to the Aperi database. The sections within this page are organized as a series of HOWTOs to help you get started.
It is recommended that you become familiar with Database Component Design (MS Word) document before making changes to the database.
How do you coordinate a database schema change?
When planning a change to the database, you (the requester) should perform the following steps:
• Analyze the application requirements
• Draft the database changes on schema, helper, mapper, detectability with the help of the entire design team
• Analyze the impact of the changes on the whole of Aperi
The change request will be reviewed by the design team (led by the database team lead) and approved by a set deadline. If needed, the team might request consultation from subject matter experts.
Once approved, the requester is responsible for:
• Implementating a change
• Resolving any resource issues that might occur
• Testing the new schema file(s) by using them to replace the corresponding files in a proper version of Aperi
• Making an overall build with all the changes to ensure nothing breaks
• Sending out a note to the aperi-dev mailing list highlighting the change
How do you analyze the impact of a database schema change?
Use the infomation in this section to help determine if changes you make to the database schema that will impact Aperi.
The following change will typically not have an impact on Aperi:
• Add a table, view, column, index (including primary key). Note that a new name for any of these database elemtns might conflict with existing ones. For example, the table name T_TSM_SERVER conflicts with T_RES_SERVER. See the Helper documentation in the Database Component Design (MS Word) for more information.
The following changes might have an impact on Aperi:
• Delete a table, view, column
• Change the data type of a column
• Change the encoding of data
• Delete a primary key, index
• Change table data population
Notes:
• Changes to the data type of a column are not recommended.
• You might need to regenerate a dependent view if a table definition is changed.
How do I determine which schema file to change?
Aperi's database schema files (*.sql) use the following the naming convention:
AlterVersionPVRRMMSS.sql, where
PP = 00 for Aperi, others for individual vendor //to allow for multiple vendors, change from the TPC version which had only one digit..
V = Version of product (1 digit)
RR = Release of product (2 digits)
MM = Modification of product (2 digits)
SS = Sub-modification of product (2 digits)
This naming convention enables the Aperi project to make a rolling set of changes. In this way, any version of Aperi can be upgraded to the next version by applying the right set of schema version files.
The order of processing the schema files will be as follows:
1. Aperi schema files will be applied in increasing order of version, release, and modification.
2. Vendor extensions will be applied in increasing order of version, release and modification.
The first version of Aperi is 5. Based on that, the schema file for the initial contribution was AlterVersion005000000.sql; for the R2 contribution, the schema file was AlterVersion005000002.sql.
Each release of Aperi will have its own schema file. Note that it is very important not to update a schema file from an older release. If you do not know the schema file for a release, please send an email to the aperi-dev mailing list to request that information.
How do you change the schema file?
When adding a table definition to a schema file or making a change, please keep the following in mind:
• Use vendor-neutral SQL files in the install.
• Terminate each SQL statement by a ; on a new line.
• Start comments starts with #.
• Represent data types in a vendor-neutral fashion. While CHAR and VARCHAR are the same for all vendors, we use vendor-neutral notations for most others. In the case of DB2: {0} = integer, {1} = smallint, {3} = timestamp. See the top of the schema file for details.
• Please add comments for your column definitions.
• Update foreign key constraints in the file, but leave them commented out because we do not support foreign keys yet. However, note that foreign key constraint information is necessary to generate the ER diagram for visualization.
• Do not specify schema name.
• Add a blank for each line not ending with a separator because the installer removes new lines.
• Append the schema change to the change log as seen below:
# Change Log:
# Date Bug Author Description
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Mar 20, 2006 28087 mlamb Change the default Out Of Band Fabric discovery time
…..
# May 12, 2006 28594 fiebrich update T_RES_CONFIG_DATA with extended indication filter list
# May 15, 2006 28697 hwassman Add the view T_VIEW_COMPUTER_ATTRS
# May 16, 2006 28728 ashmic Modified T_VIEW_COMPUTER_ATTRS:
# Added " " (space) between NODE_HOSTED_ID and FROM
Below is an example of a sample table definition to be added to a schema file.
###############################################################
## TABLE: T_RES_SWITCH_ATTRIBUTE_SNAPSHOT
## Entity representing historical snapshot for T_RES_SWITCH_ATTRIBUTE
## FOREIGN KEYS: SWITCH_WWN
###############################################################
CREATE TABLE T_RES_SWITCH_ATTRIBUTE_SNAPSHOT
(SWITCH_WWN CHAR(16) NOT NULL, # WWN of switch
VERSION VARCHAR(255), # Version of the switch
DETECTABLE {1}, # Switch detectable or not
OPERATIONAL_STATUS {0}) {121} # Switch operational status
;
ALTER TABLE T_RES_SWITCH_ATTRIBUTE_SNAPSHOT ADD PRIMARY KEY (SWITCH_WWN)
;
# ALTER TABLE T_RES_SWITCH_ATTRIBUTE_SNAPSHOT ADD FOREIGN KEY
# FK_SWITCH_WWN FOREIGN KEY (SWITCH_WWN) REFERENCES T_RES_SWITCH
# (SWITCH_WWN)
How do you generate helpers?
A database table/view (for example, T_RES_SERVER) has 3 helper fiiles
• tables/TResServerTable.java : abstract class
• objects/Server.java : supporting retrieve, insert, delete, update
• sql/SqlServer.java : for sql statements (generate only once when the table /view is added)
Typically, the first two segments of the table name are removed for object and SQL file names, unless the table is specified in the LegacyTables parameter of file Sample.cfg.
Note: Avoid helper name conflict to avoid unnecessary complexity. For example, use T_RES_ for consistency and check for possible conflict between T_VIEW_ * and T_RES_ *�
All new table/views and most other changes require that you generate new helpers. Always generate new helpers for tables/views, then compare with them existing helpers. If they are different, check them in.
Use the following steps as guidelines when generating helpers:
1. Go to the following directory: org.eclipse.aperi.common/src
2. Note that in that "Root" directory in sample.cfg (normally Root=c:\\temp), you will have to create three directories objects, SQL, and tables.
3. Issue the following command from wksp:org.eclipse.aperi.common: java org.eclipse.aperi.build.DbGenerateClasses ../Aperi/device/build/sample.cfg TABLE1 TABLE2 TABLE3 ….
Note: The table names must be in upper case in the previous command invocation
An example sample.cfg is shown below:
#configuration file for DbGenerateClasses and Member apps
#the JDBC Driver to use
Driver=org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver
#the url of the database to use
DbUrl=jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/Aperi
#database user name
User=Aperi
#password for user
Password=Aperi
#schema for tables, must be in UPPERCASE
Schema=APERI
#Normalized fields
NormalFields=VENDOR_ID MODEL_ID CREATION_CLASS_NAME_ID SYSTEM_CREATION_CLASS_NAME_ID CLASS_NAME_ID SYSTEM_NAMES_ID
#Tables that have normalized fields
NormalTables=T_RES_VENDOR T_RES_MODEL T_RES_CREATION_CLASS_NAME T_RES_SYSTEM_NAMES
#Tables that are mapped to objects using just first segment
#Normal: T_RES_ZONE maps to Zone ; Legacy: T_STAT_ZONE maps to StatZone
LegacyTables=T_AGGREGATOR T_ALERT_DEFINITION T_ALERT_EMAIL T_ALERT_LOG T_BACKUP_ACTION T_BATCH_REPORT T_CB_SETTINGS T_CHART_SETTINGS T_CONFIG_SETTINGS T_EXTENSION_POLICY T_FILE_TYPE T_FOUND_COMPUTER T_FOUND_FILESYSTEM T_GROUP T_GROUP2MASK T_GROUP2RES T_IDENTIFIER T_KEYS T_QUOTA_DEFINITION T_REPORT_PREFS T_RUN_JOBS T_RUNS T_SAVED_REPORT T_SCHEDULE T_SCRIPT T_SNMP_COMMUNITY T_STAT_COMPUTER T_STAT_DEFINITION T_STAT_DIRECTORY T_STORM_SETTINGS T_UPGRADE_LOG T_USER_PREFERENCES T_VIEW_GROUP2RES T_PRF_TIMESTAMP T_PRF_SWITCH T_VIEW_SWITCH2PORT T_VIEW_PORT2PORT T_VIEW_ZONE2MEMBER
#Root: where the output is placed
Root=c:\\temp
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Plan Martha
Plan Martha, or el Plan Marta (also known as Martha's Plan, and as Operación Marta) was an informal agreement, signed in 1957, between the Spanish and Australian Governments, designed to bring single, Spanish, Catholic women to Australia as part of Australia's numerous post-World War II immigration initiatives.
The Plan
Due to the lack of a formal diplomatic contact between the two countries, it was an "informal" arrangement. The agreement was facilitated by Monsignor George Crennan the National Director of the Federal Catholic Immigration Committee.
Altogether, the Plan Martha groups "brought about 800 single women to Australia, from 1960 to the end of the scheme [in 1963]".
* "The travellers were women who migrated under the belief that they were coming to Australia to work as domestic servants, when in fact they were called on to balance the sexes of the Spanish migrant population. As García explains in his work, the Australian Department of Immigration encouraged male migrants to nominate their single sisters of marriageable age to come to Australia, the purported motive being that some single migrants were even ‘killing themselves because of loneliness and failure to obtain a woman’ (Garcia 2002, p. 104)." — (Ortiz, 2019, p.34.)
The groups
The first Plan Martha group, of 18 young Spanish women, arrived in Melbourne, Victoria, at Melbourne Airport on 10 March 1960.
Seven of the groups arrived in Australia at Melbourne Airport):
* 10 March 1960: 18 young women.
* 10 June 1960: 23 young women.
* 17 December 1960: 23 young women.
* 13 March 1961: 60 young women.
* 14 June 1961: 57 young women.
* 24 June 1961: 64 young women.
* 2 February 1963: 60 young women.
The Sydney Sun Herald
On Sunday, 3 March 1963, the Sydney Sun-Herald, published an (unattributed "fake news") article, entitled "Nude Girls Picking Grapes" — allegedly sourced from Mildura, Victoria on the previous day — that reported that "five young Spanish women have been working in the nude at a vineyard near here to beat the heat".
According to García (2002, p. 71), "there were heated discussions about [the article] after Spanish chaplain Father Benigno Martin gave mass in Albion St., Sydney".
The Canberra Times
Although not reported in the Victorian press, the article was repeated, with some (very minor) stylistic variations, the next day in The Canberra Times, the newspaper of the nation's capital city (full text at right).
Molnar's Cartoon
The Merbein matter was the subject of one of Molnar's page two editorial cartoons in the Sydney Morning Herald of 6 March 1963.
Spanish Consul-General
Noting his concern for "the good name of the women of Spain", the Sydney Morning Herald of 5 March 1963 reported that the Consul-General for Spain in Australia, Mr. José Luis Díaz, had flown to Mildura.
In the company of two Merbein policemen, inspected a number of vineyards in the district, Mr. Díaz had found that all of the women involved "had worn plenty of clothes in the traditional Spanish manner" at the time in question, and that he was entirely "convinced [that] the report about the nude Spanish women was not true".
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WIKI
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A1C: Your A1C, also called glycated hemoglobin, reflects your average blood glucose levels for the past 2 to 3 months. If your A1C is 6.5% or greater, your doctor may diagnose diabetes. If your A1C is between 6.0% and 6.4%, your doctor may diagnose prediabetes. Of note, A1C cannot be used to diagnose type 1 diabetes, diabetes in children, adolescents, or pregnant women.
The definition of a genetic disease is a disorder or condition caused by abnormalities in a person's genome. Some types of genetic inheritance include single inheritance, including cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Marfan syndrome, and hemochromatosis. Other types of genetic diseases include multifactorial inheritance. Still other types of genetic diseases include chromosome abnormalities (for example, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome), and mitochondrial inheritance (for example, epilepsy and dementia).
diabetes mel´litus a broadly applied term used to denote a complex group of syndromes that have in common a disturbance in the oxidation and utilization of glucose, which may be secondary to a malfunction of the beta cells of the pancreas, whose function is the production and release of insulin. Because insulin is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, diabetes is not limited to a disturbance of glucose homeostasis alone. Insulin resistance may also sometimes play a role in the etiology of diabetes.
In the sunshine, molecules in the skin are converted to vitamin D. But people stay indoors more these days, which could lead to vitamin D deficiency. Research shows that if mice are deprived of vitamin D, they are more likely to become diabetic. In people, observational studies have also found a correlation between D deficiency and type 1. "If you don't have enough D, then [your immune system] doesn't function like it should," says Chantal Mathieu, MD, PhD, a professor of experimental medicine and endocrinology at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium. "Vitamin D is not the cause of type 1 diabetes. [But] if you already have a risk, you don't want to have vitamin D deficiency on board because that's going to be one of the little pushes that pushes you in the wrong direction."
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do not find out they have the disease until they have diabetes-related health problems, such as blurred vision or heart trouble.
With such a surplus of food nowadays, it's easy to overindulge without physical activity, leading to weight gain and, for some people, eventual Type 2 diabetes. "It's a lack of exercise and still eating like you're 20 years old," says Susan M. De Abate, a nurse and certified diabetes educator and team coordinator of the diabetes education program at Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital.
There is currently no cure for diabetes. The condition, however, can be managed so that patients can live a relatively normal life. Treatment of diabetes focuses on two goals: keeping blood glucose within normal range and preventing the development of long-term complications. Careful monitoring of diet, exercise, and blood glucose levels are as important as the use of insulin or oral medications in preventing complications of diabetes. In 2003, the American Diabetes Association updated its Standards of Care for the management of diabetes. These standards help manage health care providers in the most recent recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Previously, CGMs required frequent calibration with fingerstick glucose testing. Also their results were not accurate enough so that people always had to do a fingerstick to verify a reading on their CGM before calculating a dose of insulin (for example before meals or to correct a high blood sugar). However, recent technological advances have improved CGMs. One professional CGM can be worn for up to 14 days without calibration. Another personal CGM can be used to guide insulin dosing without confirmation by fingerstick glucose. Finally, there are now systems in which the CGM device communicates with insulin pumps to either stop delivery of insulin when blood glucose is dropping (threshold suspend), or to give daily insulin (hybrid closed loop system).
Diabetes was one of the first diseases described,[107] with an Egyptian manuscript from c. 1500 BCE mentioning "too great emptying of the urine".[108] The Ebers papyrus includes a recommendation for a drink to be taken in such cases.[109] The first described cases are believed to be of type 1 diabetes.[108] Indian physicians around the same time identified the disease and classified it as madhumeha or "honey urine", noting the urine would attract ants.[108][109]
Type 2 diabetes is different. A person with type 2 diabetes still produces insulin but the body doesn't respond to it normally. Glucose is less able to enter the cells and do its job of supplying energy (a problem called insulin resistance). This raises the blood sugar level, so the pancreas works hard to make even more insulin. Eventually, this strain can make the pancreas unable to produce enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels normal.
Type 2 diabetes, which is often diagnosed when a person has an A1C of at least 7 on two separate occasions, can lead to potentially serious issues, like neuropathy, or nerve damage; vision problems; an increased risk of heart disease; and other diabetes complications. A person’s A1C is the two- to three-month average of his or her blood sugar levels.
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