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17
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17
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106
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/106#tab_default_1
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17 U.S. Code § 106 - Exclusive rights in copyrighted works
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Subject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following: (1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords ; (2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work; (3) to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending; (4) in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works , to perform the copyrighted work publicly; (5) in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, to display the copyrighted work publicly; and (6) in the case of sound recordings , to perform the copyrighted work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission. ( Pub. L. 94–553, title I, § 101 , Oct. 19, 1976 , 90 Stat. 2546 ; Pub. L. 101–318, § 3(d) , July 3, 1990 , 104 Stat. 288 ; Pub. L. 101–650, title VII, § 704(b)(2) , Dec. 1, 1990 , 104 Stat. 5134 ; Pub. L. 104–39, § 2 , Nov. 1, 1995 , 109 Stat. 336 ; Pub. L. 106–44, § 1(g)(2) , Aug. 5, 1999 , 113 Stat. 222 ; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title III, § 13210(4)(A) , Nov. 2, 2002 , 116 Stat. 1909 .)
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14
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/14
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5107
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/14/5107#tab_default_1
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14 U.S. Code § 5107 - Major acquisition program risk assessment
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(a) In General.— Not later than October 15 of each year, the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall provide to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a briefing regarding a current assessment of the risks associated with all current major acquisition programs, as that term is defined in section 5103(f). (b) Elements.— Each assessment under this subsection shall include, for each current major acquisition program, discussion of the following: (1) The top five current risks to such program. (2) Any failure of such program to demonstrate a key performance parameter or threshold during operational test and evaluation conducted during the previous fiscal year. (3) Whether there has been any decision in such fiscal year to order full-rate production before all key performance parameters or thresholds are met. (4) Whether there has been any breach of major acquisition program cost (as defined by the Major Systems Acquisition Manual) in such fiscal year. (5) Whether there has been any breach of major acquisition program schedule (as so defined) during such fiscal year. (Added Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXV, § 3526(a) , Aug. 13, 2018 , 132 Stat. 2317 , § 2906; renumbered § 5107 and amended Pub. L. 115–282, title I , §§ 122(b), 123(b)(2), Dec. 4, 2018 , 132 Stat. 4239 , 4240; Pub. L. 116–283, div. G, title LVXXXII [LXXXII], § 8240(e), Jan. 1, 2021 , 134 Stat. 4667 .)
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13
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/13
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2
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/13/2#tab_default_1
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13 U.S. Code § 2 - Bureau of the Census
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The Bureau is continued as an agency within, and under the jurisdiction of, the Department of Commerce . (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1012 .)
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54
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/54
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101531
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/54/101531#tab_default_1
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54 U.S. Code § 101531 - Fee for use of transportation services
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Notwithstanding any other provision of law, where the Service or an entity under a service contract, cooperative agreement, or other contractual agreement with the Service provides transportation to all or a portion of any System unit, the Secretary may impose a reasonable and appropriate charge to the public for the use of the transportation services in addition to any admission fee required to be paid. Collection of the transportation and admission fees may occur at the transportation staging area or any other reasonably convenient location determined by the Secretary. The Secretary may enter into agreements, with public or private entities that qualify to the Secretary’s satisfaction, to collect the transportation and admission fee. Transportation fees collected pursuant to this section shall be retained by the System unit at which the transportation fee was collected, and the amount retained shall be expended only for costs associated with the transportation systems at the System unit where the charge was imposed. ( Pub. L. 113–287, § 3 , Dec. 19, 2014 , 128 Stat. 3134 .)
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54
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/54
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101925
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/54/101925#tab_default_1
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54 U.S. Code § 101925 - Commercial use authorizations
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(a) In General.— To the extent specified in this section, the Secretary, on request, may authorize a private person, corporation, or other entity to provide services to visitors to System units through a commercial use authorization. A commercial use authorization shall not be considered to be a concession contract under this subchapter and no other section of this subchapter shall be applicable to a commercial use authorization except where expressly stated. (b) Criteria for Issuance of Commercial Use Authorizations.— (1) Required determinations.— The authority of this section may be used only to authorize provision of services that the Secretary determines— (A) will have minimal impact on resources and values of a System unit; and (B) are consistent with the purpose for which the System unit was established and with all applicable management plans and Service policies and regulations. (2) Elements of commercial use authorization.— The Secretary shall— (A) require payment of a reasonable fee for issuance of a commercial use authorization, the fees to remain available without further appropriation to be used, at a minimum, to recover associated management and administrative costs; (B) require that the provision of services under a commercial use authorization be accomplished in a manner consistent to the highest practicable degree with the preservation and conservation of System unit resources and values; (C) take appropriate steps to limit the liability of the United States arising from the provision of services under a commercial use authorization; (D) have no authority under this section to issue more commercial use authorizations than are consistent with the preservation and proper management of System unit resources and values; and (E) shall establish other conditions for issuance of a commercial use authorization that the Secretary determines to be appropriate for the protection of visitors, provision of adequate and appropriate visitor services, and protection and proper management of System unit resources and values. (c) Limitations.— Any commercial use authorization shall be limited to— (1) commercial operations with annual gross receipts of not more than $25,000 resulting from services originating and provided solely within a System unit pursuant to the commercial use authorization; (2) the incidental use of resources of the System unit by commercial operations that provide services originating and terminating outside the boundaries of the System unit; or (3) (A) uses by organized children’s camps, outdoor clubs, and nonprofit institutions (including back country use); and (B) other uses, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. (d) Nonprofit Institutions.— Nonprofit institutions are not required to obtain commercial use authorizations unless taxable income is derived by the institution from the authorized use. (e) Prohibition on Construction.— A commercial use authorization shall not provide for the construction of any structure, fixture, or improvement on federally-owned land within the boundaries of a System unit. (f) Duration.— The term of any commercial use authorization shall not exceed 2 years. No preferential right of renewal or similar provisions for renewal shall be granted by the Secretary. (g) Other Contracts.— A person, corporation, or other entity seeking or obtaining a commercial use authorization shall not be precluded from submitting a proposal for concession contracts. ( Pub. L. 113–287, § 3 , Dec. 19, 2014 , 128 Stat. 3150 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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8401
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8401#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8401 - Definitions
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In this chapter: (1) Federal land management agency The term “ Federal land management agency ” has the meaning given the term in section 6801 of this title . (2) Federal recreational lands and waters The term “ Federal recreational lands and waters ” has the meaning given the term in section 6801 of this title . (3) Gateway community The term “ gateway community ” means a community that serves as an entry point, or is adjacent, to a recreation destination on Federal recreational lands and waters or non-Federal land at which there is consistently high, in the determination of the Secretaries, seasonal or year-round visitation. (4) Indian Tribe The term “ Indian Tribe ” has the meaning given the term in section 5304 of title 25 . (5) Land use plan The term “ land use plan ” means— (A) a land use plan prepared by the Secretary pursuant to section 1712 of title 43 ; and (B) a land management plan prepared by the Forest Service for a unit of the National Forest Service pursuant to section 1604 of this title . (6) Secretaries The term “ Secretaries ” means each of— (A) the Secretary ; and (B) the Secretary of Agriculture. (7) Secretary The term “ Secretary ” means the Secretary of the Interior. (8) Secretary concerned The term “ Secretary concerned ” means— (A) the Secretary , with respect to land under the jurisdiction of the Secretary ; or (B) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to land managed by the Forest Service . (9) State The term “ State ” means each of the several States , the District of Columbia, and each territory of the United States . ( Pub. L. 118–234, § 2 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2837 .)
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15
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15
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chapter-123
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/chapter-123
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9901
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/9901#tab_default_1
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15 U.S. Code § 9901 - Prohibition on transfer of personally identifiable sensitive data of United States individuals to foreign adversaries
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(a) Prohibition It shall be unlawful for a data broker to sell, license, rent, trade, transfer, release, disclose, provide access to, or otherwise make available personally identifiable sensitive data of a United States individual to— (1) any foreign adversary country ; or (2) any entity that is controlled by a foreign adversary . (b) Enforcement by Federal Trade Commission (1) Unfair or deceptive acts or practices A violation of this section shall be treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or a deceptive act or practice under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B) ). (2) Powers of Commission (A) In general The Commission shall enforce this section in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and made a part of this section. (B) Privileges and immunities Any person who violates this section shall be subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act . (3) Authority preserved Nothing in this section may be construed to limit the authority of the Commission under any other provision of law. (c) Definitions In this section: (1) Commission The term “ Commission ” means the Federal Trade Commission . (2) Controlled by a foreign adversary The term “ controlled by a foreign adversary ” means, with respect to an individual or entity, that such individual or entity is— (A) a foreign person that is domiciled in, is headquartered in, has its principal place of business in, or is organized under the laws of a foreign adversary country ; (B) an entity with respect to which a foreign person or combination of foreign persons described in subparagraph (A) directly or indirectly own at least a 20 percent stake; or (C) a person subject to the direction or control of a foreign person or entity described in subparagraph (A) or (B). (3) Data broker (A) In general The term “ data broker ” means an entity that, for valuable consideration, sells, licenses, rents, trades, transfers, releases, discloses, provides access to, or otherwise makes available data of United States individuals that the entity did not collect directly from such individuals to another entity that is not acting as a service provider. (B) Exclusion The term “ data broker ” does not include an entity to the extent such entity— (i) is transmitting data of a United States individual , including communications of such an individual, at the request or direction of such individual; (ii) is providing, maintaining, or offering a product or service with respect to which personally identifiable sensitive data , or access to such data, is not the product or service; (iii) is reporting or publishing news or information that concerns local, national, or international events or other matters of public interest; (iv) is reporting, publishing, or otherwise making available news or information that is available to the general public— (I) including information from— (aa) a book, magazine, telephone book, or online directory; (bb) a motion picture; (cc) a television, internet, or radio program; (dd) the news media; or (ee) an internet site that is available to the general public on an unrestricted basis; and (II) not including an obscene visual depiction (as such term is used in section 1460 of title 18 ); or (v) is acting as a service provider . (4) Foreign adversary country The term “ foreign adversary country ” means a country specified in section 4872(d)(2) of title 10 . (5) Personally identifiable sensitive data The term “ personally identifiable sensitive data ” means any sensitive data that identifies or is linked or reasonably linkable, alone or in combination with other data, to an individual or a device that identifies or is linked or reasonably linkable to an individual. (6) Precise geolocation information The term “ precise geolocation information ” means information that— (A) is derived from a device or technology of an individual; and (B) reveals the past or present physical location of an individual or device that identifies or is linked or reasonably linkable to 1 or more individuals, with sufficient precision to identify street level location information of an individual or device or the location of an individual or device within a range of 1,850 feet or less. (7) Sensitive data The term “ sensitive data ” includes the following: (A) A government-issued identifier, such as a Social Security number, passport number, or driver’s license number. (B) Any information that describes or reveals the past, present, or future physical health, mental health, disability, diagnosis, or healthcare condition or treatment of an individual. (C) A financial account number, debit card number, credit card number, or information that describes or reveals the income level or bank account balances of an individual. (D) Biometric information. (E) Genetic information. (F) Precise geolocation information . (G) An individual’s private communications such as voicemails, emails, texts, direct messages, mail, voice communications, and video communications, or information identifying the parties to such communications or pertaining to the transmission of such communications, including telephone numbers called, telephone numbers from which calls were placed, the time calls were made, call duration, and location information of the parties to the call. (H) Account or device log-in credentials, or security or access codes for an account or device. (I) Information identifying the sexual behavior of an individual. (J) Calendar information, address book information, phone or text logs, photos, audio recordings, or videos, maintained for private use by an individual, regardless of whether such information is stored on the individual’s device or is accessible from that device and is backed up in a separate location. (K) A photograph, film, video recording, or other similar medium that shows the naked or undergarment-clad private area of an individual. (L) Information revealing the video content requested or selected by an individual. (M) Information about an individual under the age of 17. (N) An individual’s race, color, ethnicity, or religion. (O) Information identifying an individual’s online activities over time and across websites or online services. (P) Information that reveals the status of an individual as a member of the Armed Forces. (Q) Any other data that a data broker sells, licenses, rents, trades, transfers, releases, discloses, provides access to, or otherwise makes available to a foreign adversary country , or entity that is controlled by a foreign adversary , for the purpose of identifying the types of data listed in subparagraphs (A) through (P). (8) Service provider The term “ service provider ” means an entity that— (A) collects, processes, or transfers data on behalf of, and at the direction of— (i) an individual or entity that is not a foreign adversary country or controlled by a foreign adversary ; or (ii) a Federal, State, Tribal, territorial, or local government entity; and (B) receives data from or on behalf of an individual or entity described in subparagraph (A)(i) or a Federal, State, Tribal, territorial, or local government entity. (9) United States individual The term “ United States individual ” means a natural person residing in the United States. (d) Effective date This section shall take effect on the date that is 60 days after April 24, 2024 . ( Pub. L. 118–50, div. I, § 2 , Apr. 24, 2024 , 138 Stat. 960 .)
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54
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/54
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101926
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/54/101926#tab_default_1
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54 U.S. Code § 101926 - Regulations
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(a) In General.— The Secretary shall prescribe regulations appropriate for the implementation of this subchapter. (b) Contents.— The regulations— (1) shall include appropriate provisions to ensure that concession services and facilities to be provided in a System unit are not segmented or otherwise split into separate concession contracts for the purposes of seeking to reduce anticipated annual gross receipts of a concession contract below $500,000; and (2) shall further define the term “United States Indian, Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian handicrafts” for the purposes of this subchapter. ( Pub. L. 113–287, § 3 , Dec. 19, 2014 , 128 Stat. 3151 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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5916
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5916#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5916 - Exception for foreign payment stablecoin issuers and reciprocity for payment stablecoins issued in overseas jurisdictions
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(a) In general The prohibitions under section 5902 of this title shall not apply to a foreign payment stablecoin issuer if all of the following apply: (1) The foreign payment stablecoin issuer is subject to regulation and supervision by a foreign payment stablecoin regulator of a foreign country, a territory of the United States, Puerto Rico , Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands that has a regulatory and supervisory regime with respect to payment stablecoins that the Secretary of the Treasury determines, pursuant to subsection (b), is comparable to the regulatory and supervisory regime established under this chapter, including, in particular, the requirements under section 5903(a) of this title . (2) The foreign payment stablecoin issuer is registered with the Comptroller pursuant to subsection (c). (3) The foreign payment stablecoin issuer holds reserves in a United States financial institution sufficient to meet liquidity demands of United States customers, unless otherwise permitted under a reciprocal arrangement established pursuant to subsection (d). (4) The foreign country in which the foreign payment stablecoin issuer is domiciled and regulated is not subject to comprehensive economic sanctions by the United States or in a jurisdiction that the Secretary of the Treasury has determined to be a jurisdiction of primary money laundering concern. (b) Treasury determination (1) In general The Secretary of the Treasury may make a determination as to whether a foreign country has a regulatory and supervisory regime that is comparable to the requirements established under this chapter, including the requirements under section 5903(a) of this title . The Secretary of the Treasury may make such a determination only upon a recommendation from each other member of the Stablecoin Certification Review Committee. Prior to such determination taking effect, the Secretary of the Treasury shall publish in the Federal Register a justification for such determination, including how the foreign country’s regulatory and supervisory regime is comparable to the requirements established under this chapter, including the requirements under section 5903(a) of this title . (2) Request A foreign payment stablecoin issuer or a foreign payment stablecoin regulator may request from the Secretary of the Treasury a determination under paragraph (1). (3) Timing for determination If a foreign payment stablecoin issuer or foreign payment stablecoin regulator requests a determination under paragraph (2), the Secretary of the Treasury shall render a decision on the determination not later than 210 days after the receipt of a substantially complete determination request. (4) Rescission of determination (A) In general The Secretary of the Treasury may, in consultation with the Federal payment stablecoin regulators, rescind a determination made under paragraph (1), if the Secretary determines that the regulatory regime of such foreign country is no longer comparable to the requirements established under this chapter. Prior to such rescission taking effect, the Secretary of the Treasury shall publish in the Federal Register a justification for the rescission. (B) Limited safe harbor If the Secretary of the Treasury rescinds a determination pursuant to subparagraph (A), a digital asset service provider shall have 90 days before the offer or sale of a payment stablecoin issued by the foreign payment stablecoin issuer that is the subject of the rescinded determination shall be in violation of section 5902 of this title . (5) Public notice The Secretary of the Treasury shall keep and make publicly available a current list of foreign countries for which a determination under paragraph (1) has been made. (6) Rulemaking Not later than 1 year after July 18, 2025 , the Secretary of the Treasury shall issue such rules as may be required to carry out this section. (c) Registration and ongoing monitoring (1) Registration (A) In general A foreign payment stablecoin issuer may offer or sell payment stablecoins using a digital asset service provider if the foreign payment stablecoin issuer is registered with the Comptroller. (B) Registration approval A registration of a foreign payment stablecoin issuer filed in accordance with this section shall be deemed approved on the date that is 30 days after the date the Comptroller receives the registration, unless the Comptroller notifies the foreign payment stablecoin issuer in writing that such registration has been rejected. (C) Standards for rejection In determining whether to reject a foreign payment stablecoin issuer ’s registration, the Comptroller shall consider [1] (i) the final determination of the Secretary of the Treasury under this section; (ii) the financial and managerial resources of the United States operations of the foreign payment stablecoin issuer ; (iii) whether the foreign payment stablecoin issuer will provide adequate information to the Comptroller as the Comptroller determines is necessary to determine compliance with this chapter; (iv) whether the foreign payment stablecoin presents a risk to the financial stability of the United States; and (v) whether the foreign payment stablecoin issuer presents illicit finance risks to the United States. (D) Procedure for appeal If the Comptroller rejects a registration, not later than 30 days after the date of receipt of such rejection, the foreign payment stablecoin issuer may appeal the rejection by notifying the Comptroller of the request to appeal. (E) Rulemaking Pursuant to section 5913 of this title , the Comptroller shall issue rules relating to the standards for approval of registration requests and the process for appealing denials of such registration requests. (F) Public notice The Comptroller shall keep and make publicly available a current list of foreign payment stablecoin issuer registrations that have been approved. (2) Ongoing monitoring A foreign payment stablecoin issuer shall 1 (A) be subject to reporting, supervision, and examination requirements as determined by the Comptroller ; and (B) consent to United States jurisdiction relating to the enforcement of this chapter. (3) Lack of compliance (A) Comptroller action The Comptroller may, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, rescind approval of a registration of a foreign payment stablecoin issuer under this subsection if the Comptroller determines that the foreign payment stablecoin issuer is not in compliance with the requirements of this chapter, including for maintaining insufficient reserves or posing an illicit finance risk or financial stability risk. Prior to such rescission taking effect, the Comptroller shall publish in the Federal Register a justification for the rescission. (B) Secretary action The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Comptroller , may revoke a registration of a foreign payment stablecoin issuer under this subsection if the Secretary determines that reasonable grounds exist for concluding that the foreign payment stablecoin issuer presents economic sanctions evasion, money laundering, or other illicit finance risks, or, as applicable, violations, or facilitation thereof. (d) Reciprocity (1) In general The Secretary of the Treasury may create and implement reciprocal arrangements or other bilateral agreements between the United States and jurisdictions with payment stablecoin regulatory regimes that are comparable to the requirements established under this chapter. The Secretary of the Treasury shall consider whether the jurisdiction’s requirements for payment stablecoin issuers include 1 (A) similar requirements to those under section 5903(a) of this title ; (B) adequate anti- money laundering and counter-financing of terrorism program and sanction compliance standards; and (C) adequate supervisory and enforcement capacity to facilitate international transactions and interoperability with United States dollar-denominated payment stablecoins issued overseas. (2) Publication Not later than 90 days prior to the entry into force of any arrangement or agreement under paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Treasury shall publish the arrangement or agreement in the Federal Register. (3) Completion The Secretary of the Treasury should complete the arrangements under this subsection not later than the date that is 2 years after July 18, 2025 . ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 18 , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 463 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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5915
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5915#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5915 - Authority of banking institutions
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(a) Rule of construction Nothing in this chapter may be construed to limit the authority of a depository institution, Federal credit union, State credit union, national bank, or trust company to engage in activities permissible pursuant to applicable State and Federal law, including— (1) accepting or receiving deposits or shares (in the case of a credit union), and issuing digital assets that represent those deposits or shares; (2) utilizing a distributed ledger for the books and records of the entity and to effect intrabank transfers; and (3) providing custodial services for payment stablecoins , private keys of payment stablecoins , or reserves backing payment stablecoins . (b) Regulatory review Entities regulated by the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators are authorized to engage in the payment stablecoin activities and investments contemplated by this chapter, including acting as a principal or agent with respect to any payment stablecoin and payment of fees to facilitate customer transactions. The primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators shall review all existing guidance and regulations, and if necessary, amend or promulgate new regulations and guidance, to clarify that regulated entities are authorized to engage in such activities and investments. (c) Treatment of custody activities The appropriate Federal banking agency , the National Credit Union Administration (in the case of a credit union), and the Securities and Exchange Commission may not require a depository institution, national bank, Federal credit union, State credit union, or trust company, or any affiliate thereof— (1) to include digital assets held in custody that are not owned by the entity as a liability on the financial statement or balance sheet of the entity, including payment stablecoin custody or safekeeping activities; or (2) to hold in custody or safekeeping regulatory capital against digital assets and reserves backing such assets described in section 5903(a)(1)(A) of this title , except as necessary to mitigate against operational risks inherent in custody or safekeeping services, as determined by— (A) the appropriate Federal banking agency ; (B) the National Credit Union Administration (in the case of a credit union); (C) a State bank supervisor; or (D) a State credit union supervisor. (d) State-chartered depository institutions (1) In general A depository institution chartered under the banking laws of a State , that has a subsidiary that is a permitted payment stablecoin issuer , may engage in the business of money transmission or provide custodial services through the permitted payment stablecoin issuer in any State if such State- chartered depository institution is— (A) required by the laws or regulations of the home State to establish and maintain adequate liquidity, and such liquidity is regularly reassessed by the home State banking supervisor to take into account any changes in the financial condition and risk profile of the institution, including any uninsured deposits maintained by such institution; and (B) required by the laws or regulations of the home State to establish and maintain adequate capital, and such capital is regularly reassessed by the home State banking supervisor to take into account any changes in the financial condition and risk profile of the institution, including any uninsured deposits maintained by such institution. (2) Rule of construction Nothing in this section shall limit, or be construed to limit, the authority of a host State bank regulator, to perform examinations of a depository institution’s subsidiary permitted payment stablecoin issuer or activities conducted through the permitted payment stablecoin issuer to ensure compliance with host State consumer protection laws that the host State bank regulator has specific jurisdiction to enforce, which shall apply to such institution consistent with section 5906(f) of this title . (e) Definitions In this section: (1) Home State The term “ home State ” means the State by which the depository institution is chartered. (2) Host State The term “ host State ” means a State in which a depository institution establishes a branch, solicits customers, or otherwise engages in business activities, other than the home State. ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 16 , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 461 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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null
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5914
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5914#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5914 - Reports
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(a) Annual reporting requirement Beginning on the date that is 1 year after July 18, 2025 , and annually thereafter, the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators, in consultation with State payment stablecoin regulators, as necessary, shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate , the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives , and the Director of the Office of Financial Research a report, which may include a classified annex, if applicable, on the status of the payment stablecoin industry, including— (1) a summary of trends in payment stablecoin activities; (2) a summary of the number of applications for approval as a permitted payment stablecoin issuer under section 5904 of this title , including aggregate approvals and rejections of applications; and (3) a description of the potential financial stability risks posed to the safety and soundness of the broader financial system by payment stablecoin activities. (b) FSOC report The Financial Stability Oversight Council shall incorporate the findings in the report under subsection (a) into the annual report of the Council required under section 5322(a)(2)(N) of this title . ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 15 , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 460 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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null
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5913
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5913#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5913 - Rulemaking
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(a) In general Not later than 1 year after July 18, 2025 , each primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator, the Secretary of the Treasury, and each State payment stablecoin regulator shall promulgate regulations to carry out this chapter through appropriate notice and comment rulemaking. (b) Coordination Federal payment stablecoin regulators, the Secretary of the Treasury, and State payment stablecoin regulators should coordinate, as appropriate, on the issuance of any regulations to implement this chapter. (c) Report required Not later than 180 days after the effective date of this chapter, each Federal banking agency shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives a report that confirms and describes the regulations promulgated to carry out this chapter. ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 13 , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 459 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-III
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
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8531
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8531#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8531 - Definitions
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In this subchapter: (1) Commercial use authorization The term “ commercial use authorization ” means a commercial use authorization to provide services to visitors to units of the National Park System under subchapter II of chapter 1019 of title 54. (2) Multijurisdictional trip The term “ multijurisdictional trip ” means a trip that— (A) uses 2 or more units of Federal recreational lands and waters ; and (B) is under the jurisdiction of 2 or more Federal land management agencies. (3) Recreation service provider The term “ recreation service provider ” has the meaning given the term in section 6801 of this title (as amended by section 311). (4) Special recreation permit The term “ special recreation permit ” has the meaning given the term in section 6801 of this title (as amended by section 311). (5) Visitor-use day The term “ visitor-use day ” means a visitor-use day , user day, launch, or other metric used by the Secretary concerned for purposes of authorizing use under a special recreation permit . ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 301 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2891 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-II
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II
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8471
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8471#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8471 - Definitions
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In this subchapter: (1) Accessible trail The term “ accessible trail ” means a trail that meets the requirements for a trail under the Architectural Barriers Act accessibility guidelines . (2) Architectural Barriers Act accessibility guidelines The term “ Architectural Barriers Act accessibility guidelines ” means the accessibility guidelines set forth in appendices C and D to part 1191 of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations). (3) Assistive technology The term “ assistive technology ” means any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities, particularly with participating in outdoor recreation activities. (4) Gold Star Family member The term “ Gold Star Family member ” means an individual described in section 3.3 of Department of Defense Instruction 1348.36. (5) Outdoor constructed feature The term “ outdoor constructed feature ” has the meaning given such term in appendix C to part 1191 of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations). (6) Veterans organization The term “ veterans organization ” means a service provider with outdoor recreation experience that serves members of the Armed Forces, veterans, or Gold Star Family members . ( Pub. L. 118–234, title II, § 201 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2880 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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part-C
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III/part-C
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-III
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
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8574
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8574#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8574 - Savings provision
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No additional Federal funds are authorized to carry out the requirements of this Act and the activities authorized by this Act are subject to the availability of appropriations made in advance for such purposes. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 355 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2917 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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part-C
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III/part-C
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-III
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
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8573
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8573#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8573 - Interagency report on special recreation permits for underserved communities
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(a) Covered community defined In this section, the term “ covered community ” means a rural or urban community, including an Indian Tribe, that is— (1) low-income or underserved; and (2) has been underrepresented in outdoor recreation opportunities on Federal recreational lands and waters . (b) Report Not later than 3 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries, acting jointly, shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives a report that describes— (1) the estimated use of special recreation permits serving covered communities; (2) examples of special recreation permits , partnerships, cooperative agreements, or other arrangements providing access to Federal recreational lands and waters for covered communities; (3) other ways covered communities are engaging on Federal recreational lands and waters , including through stewardship and conservation projects or activities; (4) any barriers for existing or prospective recreation service providers and holders of commercial use authorizations operating within or serving a covered community ; and (5) any recommendations to facilitate and increase permitted access to Federal recreational lands and waters for covered communities. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 353 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2917 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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part-E
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-E
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8464
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8464#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8464 - Outdoor Recreation Legacy Partnership Program
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(a) Definitions In this section: (1) Eligible entity The term “ eligible entity ” means an entity or combination of entities that represents or otherwise serves a qualifying area . (2) Eligible nonprofit organization The term “ eligible nonprofit organization ” means an organization that is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such title. (3) Entity The term “ entity ” means— (A) a State ; (B) a political subdivision of a State , including— (i) a city; (ii) a county; or (iii) a special purpose district that manages open space, including a park district; and (C) an Indian Tribe , urban Indian organization, or Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian community or organization. (4) Low-income community The term “ low-income community ” has the same meaning given that term in 26 U.S.C. 45D(e)(1) . [1] (5) Outdoor Recreation Legacy Partnership Program The term “ Outdoor Recreation Legacy Partnership Program ” means the program codified under subsection (b)(1). (6) Qualifying area The term “ qualifying area ” means— (A) an urbanized area or urban cluster that has a population of 25,000 or more in the most recent census; (B) 2 or more adjacent urban clusters with a combined population of 25,000 or more in the most recent census; or (C) an area administered by an Indian Tribe or an Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian community organization. (b) Grants authorized (1) Codification of program (A) In general There is established an existing program, to be known as the “ Outdoor Recreation Legacy Partnership Program ”, under which the Secretary may award grants to eligible entities for projects— (i) to acquire land and water for parks and other outdoor recreation purposes in qualifying areas ; and (ii) to develop new or renovate existing outdoor recreation facilities that provide outdoor recreation opportunities to the public in qualifying areas . (B) Priority In awarding grants to eligible entities under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall give priority to projects that— (i) create or significantly enhance access to park and recreational opportunities in a qualifying area ; (ii) engage and empower low-income communities and youth; (iii) provide employment or job training opportunities for youth or low-income communities; (iv) establish or expand public-private partnerships, with a focus on leveraging resources; and (v) take advantage of coordination among various levels of government. (2) Matching requirement (A) In general As a condition of receiving a grant under paragraph (1), an eligible entity shall provide matching funds in the form of cash or an in-kind contribution in an amount equal to not less than 100 percent of the amounts made available under the grant. (B) Administrative expenses Not more than 7 percent of funds provided to an eligible entity under a grant awarded under paragraph (1) may be used for administrative expenses. (3) Considerations In awarding grants to eligible entities under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider the extent to which a project would— (A) provide recreation opportunities in low-income communities in which access to parks is not adequate to meet local needs; (B) provide opportunities for outdoor recreation and public land volunteerism; (C) support innovative or cost-effective ways to enhance parks and other recreation— (i) opportunities; or (ii) delivery of services; (D) support park and recreation programming provided by local governments, including cooperative agreements with community-based eligible nonprofit organizations ; (E) develop Native American event sites and cultural gathering spaces; (F) provide benefits such as community resilience, reduction of urban heat islands, enhanced water or air quality, or habitat for fish or wildlife; and (G) facilitate any combination of purposes listed in subparagraphs (A) through (F). (4) Eligible uses (A) In general Subject to subparagraph (B), an eligible entity may use a grant awarded under paragraph (1) for a project described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of that paragraph. (B) Limitations on use An eligible entity may not use grant funds for— (i) incidental costs related to land acquisition, including appraisal and titling; (ii) operation and maintenance activities; (iii) facilities that support semiprofessional or professional athletics; (iv) indoor facilities, such as recreation centers or facilities that support primarily nonoutdoor purposes; or (v) acquisition of land or interests in land that restrict public access. (C) Conversion to other than public outdoor recreation use (i) In general No property acquired or developed with assistance under this section shall, without the approval of the Secretary , be converted to other than public outdoor recreation use. (ii) Condition for approval The Secretary shall approve a conversion only if the Secretary finds it to be in accordance with the then-existing comprehensive Statewide outdoor recreation plan and only on such conditions as the Secretary considers necessary to ensure the substitution of other recreation properties of at least equal fair market value and of reasonably equivalent usefulness and location. (iii) Wetland areas and interests therein Wetland areas and interests therein as identified in the wetlands provisions of the comprehensive plan and proposed to be acquired as suitable replacement property within the same State that is otherwise acceptable to the Secretary , acting through the Director of the National Park Service , shall be deemed to be of reasonably equivalent usefulness with the property proposed for conversion. (c) Review and evaluation requirements In carrying out the Outdoor Recreation Legacy Partnership Program , the Secretary shall— (1) conduct an initial screening and technical review of applications received; (2) evaluate and score all qualifying applications; and (3) provide culturally and linguistically appropriate information to eligible entities (including low-income communities and eligible entities serving low-income communities) on— (A) the opportunity to apply for grants under this section; (B) the application procedures by which eligible entities may apply for grants under this section; and (C) eligible uses for grants under this section. (d) Reporting (1) Annual reports Not later than 30 days after the last day of each report period, each State -lead agency that receives a grant under this section shall annually submit to the Secretary performance and financial reports that— (A) summarize project activities conducted during the report period; and (B) provide the status of the project. (2) Final reports Not later than 90 days after the earlier of the date of expiration of a project period or the completion of a project, each State -lead agency that receives a grant under this section shall submit to the Secretary a final report containing such information as the Secretary may require. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 156 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2876 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-D
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-D
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8453
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8453#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8453 - Public lands telecommunications cooperative agreements
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(a) Cooperative agreements for the Department of the Interior The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements to carry out activities related to communications sites on lands managed by Federal land management agencies, including— (1) administering communications use authorizations; (2) preparing needs assessments or other programmatic analyses necessary to establish communications sites and authorize communications uses on or adjacent to Federal recreational lands and waters managed by a Federal land management agency; (3) developing management plans for communications sites on or adjacent to Federal recreational lands and waters managed by a Federal land management agency on a competitively neutral, technology neutral, nondiscriminatory basis; (4) training for management of communications sites on or adjacent to Federal recreational lands and waters managed by a Federal land management agency; (5) obtaining, improving access to, or establishing communications sites on or adjacent to Federal recreational lands and waters managed by a Federal land management agency; and (6) any combination of purposes described in subparagraphs [1] (1) through (5). (b) Omitted (c) Assessment of rental fee retention authority Not later than 1 year after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive assessment to evaluate the potential benefits of rental fee retention whereby any fee collected for the occupancy and use of Federal lands and waters authorized by a communications use authorization would be deposited into a special account and used solely for activities related to communications sites on lands and waters managed by the Secretary. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 143 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2865 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-C
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-C
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8443
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8443#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8443 - Monitoring for improved recreation decision making
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(a) In general The Secretaries shall seek to capture comprehensive recreation use data to better understand and inform decision making by the Secretaries . (b) Pilot protocols Not later than 1 year after January 4, 2025 , and after public notice and comment, the Secretaries shall establish pilot protocols at not fewer than 10 land management units under the jurisdiction of each of the Secretaries to model recreation use patterns (including low-use recreation activities and dispersed recreation activities) that may not be effectively measured by existing general and opportunistic survey and monitoring protocols. (c) Secretaries defined In this section, the term “ Secretaries ” means— (1) the Secretary , with respect to lands under the jurisdiction of the Secretary ; (2) the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service , with respect to lands under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service ; (3) the Secretary of Commerce , acting through the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , with respect to Federal waters under the jurisdiction of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ; and (4) the Assistant Secretary of Army for Civil Works, with respect to lakes and reservoirs under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 133 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2862 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-B
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-B
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8426
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8426#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8426 - Aquatic resource activities assistance
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(a) Definitions In this section: (1) Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force The term “ Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force ” means the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force established by section 4721(a) of this title . (2) Decontamination The term “ decontamination ” means actions to remove aquatic nuisance species to prevent introduction or spread into new aquatic ecosystems. (3) Federal land and water The term “ Federal land and water ” means Federal land and water operated and maintained by the Bureau of Land Management , the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Reclamation , the Forest Service , or the National Park Service , as applicable. (4) Indian Tribe The term “ Indian Tribe ” has the meaning given such term in section 5304 of title 25 . (5) Inspection The term “ inspection ” means actions to find aquatic nuisance species to prevent introduction or spread into new aquatic ecosystems. (6) Partner The term “ partner ” means— (A) a Reclamation State ; (B) an Indian Tribe in a Reclamation State ; (C) an applicable nonprofit organization in a Reclamation State ; (D) a unit of local government in a Reclamation State ; or (E) a private entity. (7) Reclamation State The term “ Reclamation State ” includes any of the following States: (A) Alaska. (B) Arizona. (C) California. (D) Colorado. (E) Idaho. (F) Kansas. (G) Montana. (H) Nebraska. (I) Nevada. (J) New Mexico. (K) North Dakota. (L) Oklahoma. (M) Oregon. (N) South Dakota. (O) Texas. (P) Utah. (Q) Washington. (R) Wyoming. (8) Reclamation project The term “reclamation [1] project” has the meaning given such term in section 460l–32(3) of this title . (9) Secretaries The term “ Secretaries ” means each of the following: (A) The Secretary , acting through the Director of the Bureau of Land Management , the Commissioner of Reclamation, and the Director of the National Park Service . (B) The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service . (10) Vessel The term “ vessel ” means any watercraft or other contrivance used or designed for transportation or navigation on, under, or immediately above, water. (b) Authority of Bureau of Land Management , Bureau of Reclamation , National Park Service , and Forest Service with respect to certain aquatic resource activities on Federal land and waters (1) In general The head of each Federal land management agency is authorized to carry out inspections and decontamination of vessels entering or leaving Federal land and waters under the jurisdiction of the respective Federal land management agency. (2) Requirements The Secretaries shall— (A) in carrying out an inspection and decontamination under paragraph (1), coordinate with 1 or more partners; (B) consult with the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force to identify potential improvements and efficiencies in the detection and management of aquatic nuisance species on Federal land and water; and (C) to the maximum extent practicable, inspect and decontaminate vessels in a manner that minimizes disruptions to public access for boating and recreation in noncontaminated vessels . (3) Partnerships The Secretaries may enter into a partnership to lead, collaborate with, or provide technical assistance to a partner— (A) to carry out an inspection or decontamination of vessels; or (B) to establish an inspection and decontamination station for vessels. (4) Limitation The Secretaries shall not prohibit access to vessels due solely to the absence of a Federal, State, or partner’ s inspection program or station. (5) Exceptions (A) Authority to regulate vessels Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority of the Commandant of the Coast Guard to regulate vessels provided under any other provision of law. (B) Applicability Authorities granted in this subsection shall not apply at locations where inspection or decontamination activities would duplicate efforts by the Coast Guard . (6) Data sharing The Secretaries shall make available to a Reclamation State any relevant data gathered related to inspections or decontaminations carried out under this subsection in such State. (c) Grant program for Reclamation States for vessel inspection and decontamination stations (1) Vessels inspections in Reclamation States Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary , acting through the Commissioner of Reclamation, shall establish a competitive grant program to provide financial assistance to partners to conduct inspections and decontamination of vessels operating in Reclamation projects, including to purchase, establish, operate, or maintain a vessel inspection and decontamination station. (2) Cost share The Federal share of the cost of a grant under paragraph (1), including personnel costs, shall not exceed 75 percent. (3) Standards Before awarding a grant under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall determine that the project is technically and financially feasible. (4) Coordination In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall coordinate with— (A) each of the Reclamation States ; (B) affected Indian Tribes ; and (C) the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force . ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 128 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2856 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-A
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-A
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8413
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8413#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8413 - Recreation budget crosscut
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Not later than 30 days after the end of each fiscal year, beginning with fiscal year 2025, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall submit to Congress and make public online a report that describes and itemizes the total amount of funding relating to outdoor recreation that was obligated in the preceding fiscal year in accounts in the Treasury for the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture . ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 114 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2841 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-C
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II/part-C
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-II
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II
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8521
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8521#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8521 - Increasing youth recreation visits to Federal land
|
(a) Strategy Not later than 2 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries, acting jointly, shall develop and make public a strategy to increase the number of youth recreation visits to Federal recreational lands and waters. (b) Requirements A strategy developed under subsection (a)— (1) shall— (A) emphasize increased recreation opportunities on Federal recreational lands and waters for underserved youth; (B) establish objectives and quantifiable targets for increasing youth recreation visits; and (C) provide the anticipated costs to achieve the objectives and meet the targets established under subparagraph (B); and (2) shall not establish any preference between similar recreation facilitated by noncommercial or commercial entities. (c) Update to strategy Not later than 5 years after the date of the publication of the strategy required under subsection (a), and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretaries shall update the strategy and make public the update. (d) Agreements The Secretaries may enter into contracts or cost-share agreements (including contracts or agreements for the acquisition of vehicles) to carry out this section. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title II, § 231 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2890 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II/part-B
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-II
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II
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8505
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8505#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8505 - Career and volunteer opportunities for veterans
|
(a) Veteran hiring The Secretaries are strongly encouraged to hire veterans in all positions related to the management of Federal recreational lands and waters . (b) Pilot program (1) Establishment The Secretary , in consultation with the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment and Training and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs , shall establish a pilot program under which veterans are employed by the Federal Government in positions that relate to the conservation and resource management activities of the Department of the Interior . (2) Positions The Secretary shall— (A) identify vacant positions in the Department of the Interior that are appropriate to fill using the pilot program; and (B) to the extent practicable, fill such positions using the pilot program. (3) Application of civil service laws A veteran employed under the pilot program shall be treated as an employee as defined by section 2105 of title 5 . (4) Briefings and report (A) Initial briefing Not later than 60 days after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment and Training shall jointly provide to the appropriate congressional committees a briefing on the pilot program under this subsection, which shall include— (i) a description of how the pilot program will be carried out in a manner to reduce the unemployment of veterans; and (ii) any recommendations for legislative actions to improve the pilot program. (B) Implementation briefing Not later than 1 year after the date on which the pilot program under subsection (a) [1] commences, the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment and Training shall jointly provide to the appropriate congressional committees a briefing on the implementation of the pilot program. (C) Final report Not later than 30 days after the date on which the pilot program under subsection (a) 1 terminates under paragraph (5), the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment and Training shall jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the pilot program that includes the following: (i) The number of veterans who applied to participate in the pilot program. (ii) The number of such veterans employed under the pilot program. (iii) The number of veterans identified in clause (ii) who transitioned to full-time positions with the Federal Government after participating in the pilot program. (iv) Any other information the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’ Employment and Training determine appropriate with respect to measuring the effectiveness of the pilot program. (5) Duration The authority to carry out the pilot program under this subsection shall terminate on the date that is 2 years after the date on which the pilot program commences. (c) Appropriate congressional committees defined In this section, the term “ appropriate congressional committees ” means— (1) the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives ; and (2) the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate . (d) Outdoor recreation program attendance Each Secretary of a military department is encouraged to allow members of the Armed Forces on active duty status to participate in programs related to environmental stewardship or guided outdoor recreation. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title II, § 226 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2889 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II/part-B
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-II
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II
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8504
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8504#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8504 - National strategy for military and veteran recreation
|
(a) Strategy Not later than 1 year after January 4, 2025 , the Federal Interagency Council on Outdoor Recreation established under section 113 [1] shall develop and make public a strategy to increase visits to Federal recreational lands and waters by members of the Armed Forces, veterans, and Gold Star Family members. (b) Requirements A strategy developed under subsection (a)— (1) shall— (A) establish objectives and quantifiable targets for increasing visits to Federal recreational lands and waters by members of the Armed Forces, veterans, and Gold Star Family members ; (B) include an opportunity for public notice and comment; (C) emphasize increased recreation opportunities on Federal recreational lands and waters for members of the Armed Forces, veterans, and Gold Star Family members ; and (D) provide the anticipated costs to achieve the objectives and meet the targets established under subparagraph (A); and (2) shall not establish any preference between similar recreation facilitated by noncommercial or commercial entities. (c) Update to strategy Not later than 5 years after the date of the publication of the strategy required under subsection (a), and every 5 years thereafter, the Federal Interagency Council on Outdoor Recreation shall update the strategy and make public the update. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title II, § 224 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2888 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II/part-B
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-II
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II
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8503
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8503#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8503 - Partnerships to promote military and veteran recreation
|
(a) In general The Secretary concerned shall seek to enter into partnerships or agreements with State, Tribal, local, or private entities with expertise in outdoor recreation, volunteer, accessibility, and health and wellness programs for members of the Armed Forces or veterans. (b) Partnerships As part of a partnership or agreement entered into under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned may host events on Federal recreational lands and waters designed to promote outdoor recreation among members of the Armed Forces and veterans. (c) Financial and technical assistance Under a partnership or agreement entered into pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary concerned may provide financial or technical assistance to the entity with which the respective Secretary concerned has entered into the partnership or agreement to assist with— (1) the planning, development, and execution of events, activities, or programs designed to promote outdoor recreation for members of the Armed Forces or veterans; or (2) the acquisition of assistive technology to facilitate improved outdoor recreation opportunities for members of the Armed Forces or veterans. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title II, § 223 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2887 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II/part-B
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-II
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II
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8502
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8502#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8502 - Military Veterans Outdoor Recreation Liaisons
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(a) In general Not later than 1 year after January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall each establish within their Departments the position of Military Veterans Outdoor Recreation Liaison. (b) Duties The Military Veterans Outdoor Recreation Liaison shall— (1) coordinate the implementation of this part; (2) implement recommendations identified by the Task Force on Outdoor Recreation for Veterans established under section 203 of the Veterans Comprehensive Prevention, Access to Care, and Treatment Act of 2020 ( Public Law 116–214 ), including recommendations related to— (A) identifying new opportunities to formalize coordination between the Department of Veterans Affairs , Department of Agriculture , Department of the Interior , and partner organizations regarding the use of Federal recreational lands and waters for facilitating health and wellness for veterans; (B) addressing identified barriers that exist to providing veterans with opportunities to augment the delivery of services for health and wellness through the use of outdoor recreation on Federal recreational lands and waters ; and (C) facilitating the use of Federal recreational lands and waters for promoting wellness and facilitating the delivery of health care and therapeutic interventions for veterans; (3) coordinate with Military Veterans Outdoor Recreation Liaisons at other Federal agencies and veterans organizations ; and (4) promote outdoor recreation experiences for veterans on Federal recreational lands and waters through new and innovative approaches. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title II, § 222 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2887 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II/part-B
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-II
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II
|
8501
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8501#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8501 - Promotion of outdoor recreation for military servicemembers and veterans
|
Not later than 2 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary concerned, in coordination with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and the Secretary of Defense , shall develop educational and public awareness materials to disseminate to members of the Armed Forces and veterans, including through preseparation counseling of the Transition Assistance Program under chapter [1] 1142 of title 10, on— (1) opportunities for members of the Armed Forces and veterans to access Federal recreational lands and waters free of charge under section 6804 of this title ; (2) the availability and location of accessible trails , including new accessible trails developed and completed under section 8484 of this title ; (3) the availability and location of accessible recreation opportunities, including new accessible recreation opportunities developed and completed under section 8485 of this title ; (4) access to, and assistance with, assistive technology ; (5) outdoor-related volunteer and wellness programs; (6) the benefits of outdoor recreation for physical and mental health; (7) resources to access guided outdoor trips and other outdoor programs connected to the Department of Defense , the Department of Veterans Affairs , the Department of the Interior , or the Department of Agriculture ; and (8) programs and jobs focused on continuing national service such as Public Land Corps, AmeriCorps, and conservation corps programs. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title II, § 221 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2886 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-A
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-A
|
null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-I
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
|
8412
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8412#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8412 - Identifying opportunities for recreation
|
(a) Inventory and assessments (1) In general The Secretary concerned shall— (A) conduct an inventory and assessment of recreation resources for Federal recreational lands and waters ; (B) develop the inventory and assessment with support from public comment; and (C) update the inventory and assessment as the Secretary concerned determines appropriate. (2) Unique recreation values An inventory and assessment conducted under paragraph (1) shall— (A) recognize— (i) any unique recreation values and recreation opportunities; and (ii) areas of concentrated recreational use; and (B) identify, list, and map recreation resources by— (i) type of recreation opportunity and type of natural or artificial recreation infrastructure; (ii) to the extent available, the level of use of the recreation resource as of the date of the inventory; and (iii) identifying, to the extent practicable, any trend relating to recreation opportunities or use at a recreation resource identified under subparagraph (A). (3) Assessments For any recreation resource inventoried under paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned shall assess— (A) the maintenance needs of, and expenses necessary to administer, the recreation resource; (B) the suitability for developing, expanding, or enhancing the recreation resource; and (C) the adequacy of the current management of the recreation resource. (b) Existing efforts To the extent practicable, the Secretary concerned shall use or incorporate existing applicable research and planning decisions and processes in carrying out this section. (c) Omitted ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 112 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2838 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
|
part-A
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-A
|
null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-I
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
|
8411
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8411#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8411 - Congressional declaration of policy
|
Congress declares that it is the policy of the Federal Government to foster and encourage recreation on Federal recreational lands and waters, to the extent consistent with the laws applicable to specific areas of Federal recreational lands and waters, including multiple-use mandates and land management planning requirements. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 111 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2838 .)
|
16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
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null
|
part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-B
|
null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-I
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
|
8425
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8425#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8425 - Motorized and nonmotorized access
|
(a) In general The Secretary concerned shall seek to have, not later than 5 years after January 4, 2025 , in a printed and publicly available format that is compliant with the format for geographic information systems— (1) for each district administered by the Director of the Bureau of Land Management , a ground transportation linear feature map authorized for public use or administrative use; and (2) for each unit of the National Forest System, a motor vehicle use map, in accordance with existing law. (b) Over-snow vehicle-use maps The Secretary concerned shall seek to have, not later than 10 years after January 4, 2025 , in a printed and publicly available format that is compliant with the format for geographic information systems, an over-snow vehicle-use map for each unit of Federal recreational lands and waters administered by the Chief of the Forest Service or Director of the Bureau of Land Management on which over-snow vehicle-use occurs, in accordance with existing law. (c) Out-of-date maps Not later than 20 years after the date on which the Secretary concerned adopted or reviewed, through public notice and comment, a map described in subsection (a) or (b), the Secretary concerned shall seek to review, through public notice and comment, and update, as necessary, the applicable map. (d) Motorized and nonmotorized access The Secretaries shall seek to create additional opportunities, as appropriate, and in accordance with existing law, for motorized and nonmotorized access and opportunities on Federal recreational lands and waters administered by the Chief of the Forest Service or the Director of the Bureau of Land Management . (e) Savings clause Nothing in this section prohibits a lawful use, including authorized motorized or nonmotorized uses, on Federal recreational lands and waters administered by the Chief of the Forest Service or the Director of the Bureau of Land Management , if the Secretary concerned fails to meet a timeline established under this section. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 127 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2855 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
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null
|
part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-B
|
null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
|
chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-I
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
|
8424
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8424#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8424 - Restoration of overnight campsites
|
(a) Definitions In this section: (1) Recreation Area The term “ Recreation Area ” means the recreation area and grounds associated with the recreation area on the map entitled “Ouachita National Forest Camping Restoration” and dated November 30, 2023 , on file with the Forest Service . (2) Secretary The term “ Secretary ” means the Secretary of Agriculture. (b) In general The Secretary shall— (1) not later than 6 months after January 4, 2025 , identify 54 areas within the Recreation Area that may be suitable for overnight camping; and (2) not later than 2 years after January 4, 2025 — (A) review each area identified under paragraph (1); and (B) from the areas so identified, select and establish at least 27 campsites and related facilities within the Recreation Area for public use. (c) Requirements related to campsites and related facilities The Secretary shall— (1) ensure that at least 27 campsites are available under subsection (b), of which not less than 8 shall have electric and water hookups; and (2) ensure that each campsite and related facility identified or established under subsection (b) is located outside of the 1 percent annual exceedance probability flood elevation. (d) Reopening of certain sites Not later than 30 days after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary shall open each campsite within the Recreation Area that— (1) exists on January 4, 2025 ; (2) is located outside of the 1 percent annual exceedance probability flood elevation; (3) was in operation on June 1, 2010 ; and (4) would not interfere with any current (as of January 4, 2025 ) day use areas. (e) Day use areas Not later than 1 year after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary shall take such actions as are necessary to rehabilitate and make publicly accessible the areas in the Recreation Area identified for year-round day use, including the following: (1) Loop A. (2) Loop B. (3) The covered, large-group picnic pavilion in Loop D. (4) The parking lot in Loop D. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 124 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2846 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
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null
|
part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-B
|
null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
|
chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-I
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
|
8423
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8423#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8423 - Range access
|
(a) Definition of target shooting range In this section, the term “ target shooting range ” means a developed and managed area that is authorized or operated by the Forest Service , a concessioner of the Forest Service , or the Bureau of Land Management (or their lessee) specifically for the purposeful discharge by the public of legal firearms, firearms training, archery, or other associated activities. (b) Assessment; identification of target shooting range locations (1) Assessment Not later than 1 year after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary concerned shall make available to the public a list that— (A) identifies each National Forest and each Bureau of Land Management district that has a target shooting range that meets the requirements described in paragraph (3)(B); (B) identifies each National Forest and each Bureau of Land Management district that does not have a target shooting range that meets the requirements described in paragraph (3)(B); and (C) for each National Forest and each Bureau of Land Management district identified under subparagraph (B), provides a determination of whether applicable law or the applicable land use plan prevents the establishment of a target shooting range that meets the requirements described in paragraph (3)(B). (2) Identification of target shooting range locations (A) In general The Secretary concerned shall identify at least 1 suitable location for a target shooting range that meets the requirements described in paragraph (3)(B) within each National Forest and each Bureau of Land Management district with respect to which the Secretary concerned has determined under paragraph (1)(C) that the establishment of a target shooting range is not prevented by applicable law or the applicable land use plan. (B) Requirements The Secretaries , in consultation with the entities described in subsection (d), shall, for purposes of identifying a suitable location for a target shooting range under subparagraph (A)— (i) consider the proximity of areas frequently used by recreational shooters; (ii) ensure that the target shooting range would not adversely impact a shooting range operated on non-Federal land; and (iii) consider other nearby recreational uses, including proximity to units of the National Park System, to minimize potential conflict and prioritize visitor safety. (3) Establishment of new target shooting ranges (A) In general Not later than 5 years after January 4, 2025 , at 1 or more suitable locations identified on each eligible National Forest and Bureau of Land Management district under paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary concerned shall— (i) subject to the availability of appropriations for such purpose, construct a target shooting range that meets the requirements described in subparagraph (B) or modify an existing target shooting range to meet the requirements described in subparagraph (B); or (ii) enter into an agreement with an entity described in subsection (d)(1), under which the entity shall establish or maintain a target shooting range that meets the requirements described in subparagraph (B). (B) Requirements A target shooting range established under this paragraph— (i) (I) shall be able to accommodate rifles and pistols; (II) may include skeet, trap, or sporting clay infrastructure; and (III) may accommodate archery; (ii) shall include appropriate public safety designs and features, including— (I) significantly modified landscapes, including berms, buffer distances, or other public safety designs or features; and (II) a designated firing line; and (iii) may include— (I) shade structures; (II) trash containers; (III) restrooms; (IV) benches; and (V) any other features that the Secretary concerned determines to be necessary. (C) Recreation and Public Purposes Act For purposes of subparagraph (A), the Secretary concerned may consider a target shooting range that is located on land transferred or leased pursuant to the Act of June 14, 1926 (commonly known as the “ Recreation and Public Purposes Act ”) ( 44 Stat. 741 , chapter 578; 43 U.S.C. 869 et seq.), as a target shooting range that meets the requirements described in subparagraph (B). (c) Restrictions (1) Management The management of a target shooting range shall be subject to such conditions as the Secretary concerned determines are necessary for the safe, responsible use of— (A) the target shooting range ; and (B) the adjacent land and resources. (2) Closures Except in emergency situations, the Secretary concerned shall seek to ensure that a target shooting range that meets the requirements described in subsection (b)(3)(B), or an equivalent shooting range adjacent to a National Forest or Bureau of Land Management district, is available to the public prior to closing Federal recreational lands and waters administered by the Chief of the Forest Service or the Director of the Bureau of Land Management to recreational shooting, in accordance with section 7913 of this title . (d) Coordination (1) In general In carrying out this section, the Secretaries shall coordinate with— (A) State , Tribal, and local governments; (B) nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations, including organizations that are signatories to the memorandum of understanding entitled “Federal Lands Hunting, Fishing, and Shooting Sports Roundtable Memorandum of Understanding” and signed by the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management on August 17, 2006 ; (C) shooting clubs; (D) Federal advisory councils relating to hunting and shooting sports; and (E) individuals or entities with authorized leases or permits in an area under consideration for a target shooting range . (2) Partnerships The Secretaries may— (A) coordinate with an entity described in paragraph (1) to assist with the construction, modification, operation, or maintenance of a target shooting range ; and (B) explore opportunities to leverage funding to maximize non-Federal investment in the construction, modification, operation, or maintenance of a target shooting range . (e) Annual reports Not later than 2 years after January 4, 2025 , and annually thereafter through fiscal year 2033, the Secretaries shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives a report describing the progress made with respect to the implementation of this section. (f) Savings clause Nothing in this section affects the authority of the Secretary concerned to administer a target shooting range that is in addition to the target shooting ranges that meet the requirements described in subsection (b)(3)(B) on Federal recreational lands and waters administered by the Secretary concerned. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 123 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2844 .)
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16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
|
null
|
part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-B
|
null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
|
chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-I
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
|
8422
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8422#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8422 - Protecting America’s rock climbing
|
(a) In general Not later than 18 months after January 4, 2025 , each Secretary concerned shall issue guidance for recreational climbing activities on covered Federal land. (b) Applicable law The guidance issued under subsection (a) shall ensure that recreational climbing activities comply with the laws (including regulations) applicable to the covered Federal land. (c) Wilderness areas The guidance issued under subsection (a) shall recognize that recreational climbing (including the use, placement, and maintenance of fixed anchors) is an appropriate use within a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System, if undertaken— (1) in accordance with the Wilderness Act ( 16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) and other applicable laws (including regulations); and (2) subject to any terms and conditions determined by the Secretary concerned to be appropriate. (d) Authorization The guidance issued under subsection (a) shall describe the requirements, if any, for the placement and maintenance of fixed anchors for recreational climbing in a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System, including any terms and conditions determined by the Secretary concerned to be appropriate, which may be issued programmatically or on a case-by-case basis. (e) Existing routes The guidance issued under subsection (a) shall include direction providing for the continued use and maintenance of recreational climbing routes (including fixed anchors along the routes) in existence as of January 4, 2025 , in accordance with this chapter. (f) Public comment Before finalizing the guidance issued under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall provide opportunities for public comment with respect to the guidance. (g) Covered Federal land defined In this section, the term “covered Federal land”— (1) means the lands described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2); and (2) includes components of the National Wilderness Preservation System. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 122 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2843 .)
|
16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
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null
|
part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-B
|
null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8421
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8421#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8421 - Biking on long-distance trails
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(a) Identification of long-distance trails Not later than 18 months after January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries shall identify— (1) not fewer than 10 long-distance bike trails that make use of trails and roads in existence on January 4, 2025 ; and (2) not fewer than 10 areas in which there is an opportunity to develop or complete a trail that would qualify as a long-distance bike trail . (b) Public comment The Secretaries shall— (1) develop a process to allow members of the public to comment regarding the identification of trails and areas under subsection (a); and (2) consider the identification, development, and completion of long-distance bike trails in a geographically equitable manner. (c) Maps, signage, and promotional materials For any long-distance bike trail identified under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned may— (1) publish and distribute maps, install signage, and issue promotional materials; and (2) coordinate with stakeholders to leverage any non-Federal resources necessary for the stewardship, development, or completion of trails. (d) Report Not later than 2 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries, in partnership with interested organizations, shall prepare and publish a report that lists the trails identified under subsection (a), including a summary of public comments received in accordance with the process developed under subsection (b). (e) Conflict avoidance with other uses Before identifying a long-distance bike trail under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned shall ensure the long-distance bike trail — (1) minimizes conflict with— (A) the uses, before January 4, 2025 , of any trail or road that is part of that long-distance bike trail; (B) multiple-use areas where biking, hiking, horseback riding, or use by pack and saddle stock are existing uses on January 4, 2025 ; (C) the purposes for which any trail was or is established under the National Trails System Act ( 16 U.S.C. 1241 et seq.); and (D) any area managed under the Wilderness Act ( 16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.); and (2) complies with land use and management plans of the Federal recreational lands and waters that are part of that long-distance bike trail . (f) Eminent domain or condemnation In carrying out this section, the Secretaries may not use eminent domain or condemnation. (g) Definitions In this section: (1) Long-distance bike trail The term “ long-distance bike trail ” means a continuous route, consisting of 1 or more trails or rights-of-way, that— (A) is not less than 80 miles in length; (B) primarily makes use of dirt or natural surface trails; (C) may require connections along paved or other improved roads; (D) does not include Federal recreational lands where mountain biking or related activities are not consistent with management requirements for those Federal recreational lands; and (E) to the maximum extent practicable, makes use of trails and roads that were on Federal recreational lands on or before January 4, 2025 . (2) Secretaries The term “ Secretaries ” means the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture, acting jointly. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 121 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2842 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-C
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-C
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8442
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8442#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8442 - Improved recreation visitation data
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(a) Consistent visitation data (1) Annual visitation data The Secretaries shall establish a single visitation data reporting system to report accurate annual visitation data, in a consistent manner, for— (A) each unit of Federal recreational lands and waters ; and (B) land held in trust for an Indian Tribe , on request of the Indian Tribe . (2) Categories of use Within the visitation data reporting system established under paragraph (1), the Secretaries shall— (A) establish multiple categories of different recreation activities that are reported consistently across agencies; and (B) provide an estimate of the number of visitors for each applicable category established under subparagraph (A) for each unit of Federal recreational lands and waters . (b) Real-Time Data Pilot Program (1) In general Not later than 5 years after January 4, 2025 , using existing funds available to the Secretaries, the Secretaries shall carry out a pilot program, to be known as the “Real-Time Data Pilot Program” (referred to in this section as the “Pilot Program”), to make available to the public, for each unit of Federal recreational lands and waters selected for participation in the Pilot Program under paragraph (2)— (A) real-time or predictive data on visitation (including data and resources publicly available from existing nongovernmental platforms) at— (i) the unit of Federal recreational lands and waters ; (ii) to the extent practicable, areas within the unit of Federal recreational lands and waters ; and (iii) to the extent practicable, recreation sites managed by any other Federal agency, a State agency, or a local agency that are located near the unit of Federal recreational lands and waters ; and (B) through multiple media platforms, information about lesser-known recreation sites located near the unit of Federal recreational lands and waters (including recreation sites managed by any other Federal agency, a State agency, or a local agency), in an effort to encourage visitation among recreational sites. (2) Locations (A) Initial number of units On establishment of the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall select for participation in the Pilot Program— (i) 10 units of Federal recreational lands and waters managed by the Secretary; (ii) 5 units of Federal recreational lands and waters managed by the Secretary of Agriculture (acting through the Chief of the Forest Service ); (iii) 1 unit of Federal recreational lands and waters managed by the Secretary of Commerce (acting through the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ); and (iv) 1 unit of Federal recreational lands and waters managed by the Assistant Secretary of Army for Civil Works. (B) Report Not later than 6 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries shall submit a report to Congress regarding the implementation of the pilot program, including policy recommendations to expand the pilot program to additional units managed by the Secretaries. (C) Feedback; support of gateway communities The Secretaries shall— (i) solicit feedback regarding participation in the Pilot Program from communities adjacent to units of Federal recreational lands and waters and the public; and (ii) in carrying out subparagraphs (A) and (B), select a unit of Federal recreation lands and waters to participate in the Pilot Program only if the community adjacent to the unit of Federal recreational lands and waters is supportive of the participation of the unit of Federal recreational lands and waters in the Pilot Program. (3) Dissemination of information The Secretaries may disseminate the information described in paragraph (1) directly or through an entity or organization referred to in subsection (c). (4) Inclusion of current assessments In carrying out the Pilot Program, the Secretaries may, to the extent practicable, rely on assessments completed or data gathered prior to January 4, 2025 . (c) Community partners and third-party providers For purposes of carrying out this section, the Secretary concerned may— (1) coordinate and partner with— (A) communities adjacent to units of Federal recreational lands and waters ; (B) State and local outdoor recreation and tourism offices; (C) local governments; (D) Indian Tribes ; (E) trade associations; (F) local outdoor recreation marketing organizations; (G) permitted facilitated recreation providers; or (H) other relevant stakeholders; and (2) coordinate or enter into agreements, as appropriate, with private sector and nonprofit partners, including— (A) technology companies; (B) geospatial data companies; (C) experts in data science, analytics, and operations research; or (D) data companies. (d) Existing programs The Secretaries may use existing programs or products of the Secretaries to carry out this section. (e) Privacy clauses Nothing in this section provides authority to the Secretaries — (1) to monitor or record the movements of a visitor to a unit of Federal recreational lands and waters ; (2) to restrict, interfere with, or monitor a private communication of a visitor to a unit of Federal recreational lands and waters ; or (3) to collect— (A) information from owners of land adjacent to a unit of Federal recreational lands and waters ; or (B) information on non-Federal land. (f) Reports Not later than 1 year after January 4, 2025 , and annually thereafter, the Secretaries shall publish on a website of the Secretaries a report that describes the annual visitation of each unit of Federal recreational lands and waters, including, to the maximum extent practicable, visitation categorized by recreational activity. (g) Definitions In this section— (1) Federal recreational lands and waters The term “ Federal recreational lands and waters ”— (A) has the meaning given the term in section 6801 of this title ; and (B) includes Federal lands and waters managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (2) Secretaries The term “ Secretaries ” means— (A) the Secretary , with respect to lands under the jurisdiction of the Secretary ; (B) the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service , with respect to lands under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service ; (C) the Secretary of Commerce , acting through the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , with respect to Federal waters under the jurisdiction of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ; and (D) the Assistant Secretary of Army for Civil Works, with respect to lakes and reservoirs under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 132 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2859 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-C
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-C
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8441
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8441#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8441 - Gateway communities
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(a) Assessment of impacts and needs in gateway communities The Secretaries — (1) shall collaborate with State and local governments, Indian Tribes , housing authorities, applicable trade associations, nonprofit organizations, private entities, and other relevant stakeholders to identify needs and economic impacts in gateway communities, including— (A) housing shortages; (B) demands on existing municipal infrastructure; (C) accommodation and management of sustainable visitation; and (D) the expansion and diversification of visitor experiences by bolstering the visitation at— (i) existing developed locations that are underutilized on nearby Federal recreational lands and waters that are suitable for developing, expanding, or enhancing recreation use, as identified by the Secretaries; or (ii) existing developed and suitable lesser-known recreation sites, as identified under section 5(b)(1)(B), [1] on nearby land managed by a State agency or a local agency; and (2) may address a need identified under paragraph (1) by— (A) providing financial or technical assistance to a gateway community under an existing program; (B) entering into an agreement, right-of-way, or easement, in accordance with applicable laws; or (C) issuing an entity referred to in paragraph (1) a special use permit (other than a special recreation permit (as defined in section 6801 of this title ), in accordance with applicable laws. (b) Technical and financial assistance to businesses (1) In general The Secretary of Agriculture (acting through the Administrator of the Rural Business-Cooperative Service), in coordination with the Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce , shall provide to businesses in gateway communities the assistance described in paragraph (2) to establish, operate, or expand infrastructure to accommodate and manage sustainable visitation, including hotels, campgrounds, and restaurants. (2) Assistance The Secretary of Agriculture may provide assistance under paragraph (1) through the use of existing, or the establishment of new, entrepreneur and vocational training programs, technical assistance programs, low-interest business loan programs, and loan guarantee programs. (c) Partnerships In carrying out this section, the Secretaries may, in accordance with applicable laws, enter into a public-private partnership, cooperative agreement, memorandum of understanding, or similar agreement with a gateway community or a business in a gateway community . ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 131 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2858 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-D
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-D
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8452
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8452#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8452 - Broadband internet connectivity at developed recreation sites
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(a) In general The Secretary and the Chief of the Forest Service shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary of Commerce to foster the installation or construction of broadband internet infrastructure at developed recreation sites on Federal recreational lands and waters to establish broadband internet connectivity— (1) subject to the availability of appropriations; and (2) in accordance with applicable law. (b) Identification Not later than 3 years after January 4, 2025 , and annually thereafter through fiscal year 2031, the Secretary and the Chief of the Forest Service , in coordination with States and local communities, shall make publicly available— (1) a list of the highest priority developed recreation sites, as determined under subsection (c), on Federal recreational lands and waters that lack broadband internet; (2) to the extent practicable, an estimate of— (A) the cost to equip each of those sites with broadband internet infrastructure; and (B) the annual cost to operate that infrastructure; and (3) a list of potential— (A) barriers to operating the infrastructure described in paragraph (2)(A); and (B) methods to recover the costs of that operation. (c) Priorities In selecting developed recreation sites for the list described in subsection (b)(1), the Secretary and the Chief of the Forest Service shall give priority to developed recreation sites— (1) at which broadband internet infrastructure has not been constructed due to— (A) geographic challenges; or (B) the location having an insufficient number of nearby permanent residents, despite high seasonal or daily visitation levels; or (2) that are located in an economically distressed county that could benefit significantly from developing the outdoor recreation economy of the county. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 142 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2864 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-D
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-D
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8451
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8451#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8451 - Connect our parks
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(a) Definitions In this section: (1) Appropriate committees of Congress The term “appropriate committees of Congress ” means— (A) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate ; (B) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate ; (C) the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives ; and (D) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives . (2) Broadband internet access service The term “ broadband internet access service ” has the meaning given the term in section 8.1 (b) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation). (3) Cellular service The term “ cellular service ” has the meaning given the term in section 22.99 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation). (4) National Park The term “ National Park ” means a unit of the National Park System. (5) Secretary The term “ Secretary ” means the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the National Park Service . (b) Assessment (1) In general Not later than 1 year after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary shall complete an assessment of National Parks to identify— (A) locations in National Parks in which there is the greatest need for broadband internet access service , based on the considerations described in paragraph (2)(A); and (B) areas in National Parks in which there is the greatest need for cellular service , based on the considerations described in paragraph (2)(B). (2) Considerations (A) Broadband internet access service For purposes of identifying locations in National Parks under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall consider, with respect to each National Park , the availability of broadband internet access service in— (i) housing; (ii) administrative facilities and related structures; (iii) lodging; (iv) developed campgrounds; and (v) any other location within the National Park in which broadband internet access service is determined to be necessary by the superintendent of the National Park. (B) Cellular service For purposes of identifying areas in National Parks under paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall consider, with respect to each National Park , the availability of cellular service in any developed area within the National Park that would increase— (i) the access of the public to emergency services and traveler information technologies; or (ii) the communications capabilities of National Park Service employees. (3) Report On completion of the assessment under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress , and make available on the website of the Department of the Interior , a report describing the results of the assessment. (c) Plan (1) In general Not later than 3 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary shall develop a plan, based on the results of the assessment completed under subsection (b) and subject to paragraph (4)— (A) to install broadband internet access service infrastructure in certain locations in National Parks; and (B) to install cellular service equipment and infrastructure in certain areas of National Parks. (2) Consultation In developing the plan under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consult with— (A) affected Indian Tribes ; and (B) local stakeholders that the superintendent of the applicable National Park determines to be appropriate. (3) Requirements The plan developed under paragraph (1) shall— (A) provide for avoiding or minimizing impacts to— (i) National Park viewsheds; (ii) cultural and natural resources; (iii) the visitor experience; (iv) historic properties and the viewsheds of historic properties; and (v) other resources or values of the National Park . (B) provide for infrastructure providing broadband internet access service or cellular service to be located in— (i) previously disturbed or developed areas; or (ii) areas zoned for uses that would support the infrastructure; (C) provide for the use of public-private partnerships— (i) to install broadband internet access service or cellular service equipment; and (ii) to provide broadband internet access service or cellular service; (D) be technology neutral; and (E) in the case of broadband internet access service , provide for broadband internet access service of at least— (i) a 100–Mbps downstream transmission capacity; and (ii) a 20–Mbps upstream transmission capacity. (4) Limitation Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a plan developed under that paragraph shall not be required to address broadband internet access service or cellular service in any National Park with respect to which the superintendent of the National Park determines that there is adequate access to broadband internet access service or cellular service, as applicable. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 141 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2862 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-E
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-E
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8463
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8463#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8463 - Pay-for-performance projects
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(a) Definitions In this section: (1) Independent evaluator The term “ independent evaluator ” means an individual or entity, including an institution of higher education, that is selected by the pay-for-performance beneficiary and pay-for-performance investor, as applicable, or by the pay-for-performance project developer , in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, to make the determinations and prepare the reports required under subsection (e). (2) National Forest System land The term “ National Forest System land ” means land in the National Forest System (as defined in section 1609(a) of this title ). (3) Pay-for-performance agreement The term “ pay-for-performance agreement ” means a mutual benefit agreement (excluding a procurement contract, grant agreement, or cooperative agreement described in chapter 63 of title 31) for a pay-for-performance project— (A) with a term of— (i) not less than 1 year; and (ii) not more than 20 years; and (B) that is executed, in accordance with applicable law, by— (i) the Secretary of Agriculture; and (ii) a pay-for-performance beneficiary or pay-for-performance project developer . (4) Pay-for-performance beneficiary The term “ pay-for-performance beneficiary ” means a State or local government, an Indian Tribe, or a nonprofit or for-profit organization that— (A) repays capital loaned upfront by a pay-for-performance investor , based on a project outcome specified in a pay-for-performance agreement ; or (B) provides capital directly for costs associated with a pay-for-performance project . (5) Pay-for-performance investor The term “ pay-for-performance investor ” means a State or local government, an Indian Tribe, or a nonprofit or for-profit organization that provides upfront loaned capital for a pay-for-performance project with the expectation of a financial return dependent on a project outcome. (6) Pay-for-performance project The term “ pay-for-performance project ” means a project that— (A) would provide or enhance a recreational opportunity; (B) is conducted on— (i) National Forest System land ; or (ii) other land, if the activities would benefit National Forest System land (including a recreational use of National Forest System land ); and (C) would use an innovative funding or financing model that leverages— (i) loaned capital from a pay-for-performance investor to cover upfront costs associated with a pay-for-performance project, with the loaned capital repaid by a pay-for-performance beneficiary at a rate of return dependent on a project outcome, as measured by an independent evaluator; or (ii) capital directly from a pay-for-performance beneficiary to support costs associated with a pay-for-performance project in an amount based on an anticipated project outcome. (7) Pay-for-performance project developer The term “ pay-for-performance project developer ” means a nonprofit or for-profit organization that serves as an intermediary to assist in developing or implementing a pay-for-performance agreement or a pay-for-performance project. (8) Project outcome The term “ project outcome ” means a measurable, beneficial result (whether economic, environmental, or social) that is attributable to a pay-for-performance project and described in a pay-for-performance agreement . (b) Establishment of pilot program The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a pilot program in accordance with this section to carry out 1 or more pay-for-performance projects . (c) Pay-for-performance projects (1) In general Using funds made available through a pay-for-performance agreement or appropriations, all or any portion of a pay-for-performance project may be implemented by— (A) the Secretary of Agriculture; or (B) a pay-for-performance project developer or a third party, subject to the conditions that— (i) the Secretary of Agriculture shall approve the implementation by the pay-for-performance project developer or third party; and (ii) the implementation is in accordance with applicable law. (2) Relation to land management plans A pay-for-performance project carried out under this section shall be consistent with any applicable land management plan developed under section 1604 of this title . (3) Ownership (A) New improvements The United States shall have title to any improvements installed on National Forest System land as part of a pay-for-performance project . (B) Existing improvements Investing in, conducting, or completing a pay-for-performance project on National Forest System land shall not affect the title of the United States to— (i) any federally owned improvements involved in the pay-for-performance project ; or (ii) the underlying land. (4) Savings clause The carrying out of any action for a pay-for-performance project does not provide any right to any party to a pay-for-performance agreement . (5) Potential conflicts Before approving a pay-for-performance project under this section, the Secretary of Agriculture shall consider and seek to avoid potential conflicts (including economic competition) with any existing written authorized use. (d) Project agreements (1) In general Notwithstanding the Act of June 30, 1914 ( 38 Stat. 430 , chapter 131; 16 U.S.C. 498 ), or subtitle C of title XX of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1397n et seq.), in carrying out the pilot program under this section, the Secretary of Agriculture may enter into a pay-for-performance agreement under which a pay-for-performance beneficiary, pay-for-performance investor, or pay-for-performance project developer agrees to pay for or finance all or part of a pay-for-performance project. (2) Size limitation The Secretary of Agriculture may not enter into a pay-for-performance agreement under the pilot program under this section for a pay-for-performance project valued at more than $15,000,000. (3) Financing (A) In general A pay-for-performance agreement shall specify the amounts that a pay-for-performance beneficiary or a pay-for-performance project developer agrees to pay to a pay-for-performance investor or a pay-for-performance project developer , as appropriate, in the event of an independent evaluator determining pursuant to subsection (e) the degree to which a project outcome has been achieved. (B) Eligible payments An amount described in subparagraph (A) shall be— (i) based on— (I) the respective contributions of the parties under the pay-for-performance agreement ; and (II) the economic, environmental, or social benefits derived from the project outcomes ; and (ii) (I) a percentage of the estimated value of a project outcome ; (II) a percentage of the estimated cost savings to the pay-for-performance beneficiary or the Secretary of Agriculture derived from a project outcome; (III) a percentage of the enhanced revenue to the pay-for-performance beneficiary or the Secretary of Agriculture derived from a project outcome; or (IV) a percentage of the cost of the pay-for-performance project . (C) Forest service financial assistance Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of Agriculture may contribute funding for a pay-for-performance project only if— (i) the Secretary of Agriculture demonstrates that— (I) the pay-for-performance project would provide a cost savings to the United States; (II) the funding would accelerate the pace of implementation of an activity previously planned to be completed by the Secretary of Agriculture; or (III) the funding would accelerate the scale of implementation of an activity previously planned to be completed by the Secretary of Agriculture; and (ii) the contribution of the Secretary of Agriculture has a value that is not more than 50 percent of the total cost of the pay-for-performance project . (D) Special account Any funds received by the Secretary of Agriculture under subsection (c)(1)— (i) shall be retained in a separate fund in the Treasury to be used solely for pay-for-performance projects ; and (ii) shall remain available until expended and without further appropriation. (4) Maintenance and decommissioning of pay-for-performance project improvements A pay-for-performance agreement shall— (A) include a plan for maintaining any capital improvement constructed as part of a pay-for-performance project after the date on which the pay-for-performance project is completed; and (B) specify the party that will be responsible for decommissioning the improvements associated with the pay-for-performance project — (i) at the end of the useful life of the improvements; (ii) if the improvements no longer serve the purpose for which the improvements were developed; or (iii) if the pay-for-performance project fails. (5) Termination of pay-for-performance project agreements The Secretary of Agriculture may unilaterally terminate a pay-for-performance agreement , in whole or in part, for any program year beginning after the program year during which the Secretary of Agriculture provides to each party to the pay-for-performance agreement a notice of the termination. (e) Independent evaluations (1) Progress reports An independent evaluator shall submit to the Secretary of Agriculture and each party to the applicable pay-for-performance agreement — (A) by not later than 2 years after the date on which the pay-for-performance agreement is executed, and at least once every 2 years thereafter, a written report that summarizes the progress that has been made in achieving each project outcome; and (B) before the first scheduled date for a payment described in subsection (d)(3)(A), and each subsequent date for payment, a written report that— (i) summarizes the results of the evaluation conducted by the independent evaluator to determine whether a payment should be made pursuant to the pay-for-performance agreement ; and (ii) analyzes the reasons why a project outcome was achieved or was not achieved. (2) Final reports Not later than 180 days after the date on which a pay-for-performance project is completed, the independent evaluator shall submit to the Secretary of Agriculture and each party to the pay-for-performance agreement a written report that includes, with respect to the period covered by the report— (A) an evaluation of the effects of the pay-for-performance project with respect to each project outcome; (B) a determination of whether the pay-for-performance project has met each project outcome; and (C) the amount of the payments made for the pay-for-performance project pursuant to subsection (d)(3)(A). (f) Additional Forest Service -provided assistance (1) Technical assistance The Secretary of Agriculture may provide technical assistance to facilitate pay-for-performance project development, such as planning, permitting, site preparation, and design work. (2) Consultants Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of Agriculture may hire a contractor— (A) to conduct a feasibility analysis of a proposed pay-for-performance project ; (B) to assist in the development, implementation, or evaluation of a proposed pay-for-performance project or a pay-for-performance agreement ; or (C) to assist with an environmental analysis of a proposed pay-for-performance project . (g) Savings clause The Secretary of Agriculture shall approve a record of decision, decision notice, or decision memo for any activities to be carried out on National Forest System land as part of a pay-for-performance project before the Secretary of Agriculture may enter into a pay-for-performance agreement involving the applicable pay-for-performance project. (h) Duration of pilot program (1) Sunset The authority to enter into a pay-for-performance agreement under this section terminates on the date that is 7 years after January 4, 2025 . (2) Savings clause Nothing in paragraph (1) affects any pay-for-performance project agreement entered into by the Secretary of Agriculture under this section before the date described in that paragraph. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 155 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2871 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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null
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null
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part-E
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-E
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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null
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8462
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8462#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8462 - Parking and restroom opportunities for Federal recreational lands and waters
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(a) Parking opportunities (1) In general The Secretaries shall seek to increase and improve parking opportunities for persons recreating on Federal recreational lands and waters — (A) in accordance with existing laws and applicable land use plans ; (B) in a manner that minimizes any increase in maintenance obligations on Federal recreational lands and waters ; and (C) in a manner that does not impact wildlife habitat that is critical to the mission of a Federal agency responsible for managing Federal recreational lands and waters . (2) Authority To supplement the quantity of parking spaces available at units of Federal recreational lands and waters on January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries may— (A) enter into a public-private partnership for parking opportunities on non-Federal land; (B) enter into contracts or agreements with State , Tribal, or local governments for parking opportunities using non-Federal lands and resources; or (C) provide alternative transportation systems for a unit of Federal recreational lands and waters . (b) Restroom opportunities (1) In general The Secretaries shall seek to increase and improve the function, cleanliness, and availability of restroom facilities for persons recreating on Federal recreational lands and waters , including by entering into partnerships with non-Federal partners, including State, Tribal, and local governments and volunteer organizations. (2) Report Not later than 2 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries shall submit a report to Congress that identifies— (A) challenges to maintaining or improving the function, cleanliness, and availability of restroom facilities on Federal recreational lands and waters ; (B) the current state of restroom facilities on Federal recreational lands and waters and the effect restroom facilities have on visitor experiences; and (C) policy recommendations that suggest innovative new models or partnerships to increase or improve the function, cleanliness, and availability of restroom facilities for persons recreating on Federal recreational lands and waters . ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 154 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2870 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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part-E
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I/part-E
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-I
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-I
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8461
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8461#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8461 - Partnership agreements to modernize federally owned campgrounds, resorts, cabins, and visitor centers on Federal recreational lands and waters
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(a) Definitions In this section: (1) Covered activity The term “ covered activity ” means— (A) a capital improvement, including the construction, reconstruction, and nonroutine maintenance of any structure, infrastructure, or improvement, relating to the operation of, or access to, a covered recreation facility ; and (B) any activity necessary to operate or maintain a covered recreation facility . (2) Covered recreation facility The term “ covered recreation facility ” means a federally owned campground, resort, cabin, or visitor center that is— (A) in existence on January 4, 2025 ; and (B) located on Federal recreational lands and waters administered by— (i) the Chief of the Forest Service ; or (ii) the Director of the Bureau of Land Management . (3) Eligible entity The term “ eligible entity ” means— (A) a unit of State , Tribal, or local government; (B) a nonprofit organization; and (C) a private entity. (b) Pilot program The Secretaries shall establish a pilot program under which the Secretary concerned may enter into an agreement with, or issue or amend a land use authorization to, an eligible entity to allow the eligible entity to carry out covered activities relating to a covered recreation facility , subject to the requirements of this section and the terms of any relevant land use authorization, regardless of whether the eligible entity holds, on January 4, 2025 , an authorization to be a concessionaire for the covered recreation facility. (c) Minimum number of agreements or land use authorizations Not later than 3 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretary concerned shall enter into at least 1 agreement or land use authorization under subsection (b) in— (1) a unit of the National Forest System in each region of the National Forest System; and (2) Federal recreational lands and waters administered by the Director of the Bureau of Land Management in not fewer than 5 States in which the Bureau of Land Management administers Federal recreational lands and waters. (d) Requirements (1) Development plans Before entering into an agreement or issuing a land use authorization under subsection (b), an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary concerned a development plan that— (A) describes investments in the covered recreation facility to be made by the eligible entity during the first 3 years of the agreement or land use authorization; (B) describes annual maintenance spending to be made by the eligible entity for each year of the agreement or land use authorization; and (C) includes any other terms and conditions determined to be necessary or appropriate by the Secretary concerned . (2) Agreements and land use authorizations An agreement or land use authorization under subsection (b) shall— (A) be for a term of not more than 30 years, commensurate with the level of investment; (B) require that, not later than 3 years after the date on which the Secretary concerned enters into the agreement or issues or amends the land use authorization, the applicable eligible entity shall expend, place in an escrow account for the eligible entity to expend, or deposit in a special account in the Treasury for expenditure by the Secretary concerned, without further appropriation, for covered activities relating to the applicable covered recreation facility , an amount or specified percentage, as determined by the Secretary concerned, which shall be equal to not less than $500,000, of the anticipated receipts for the term of the agreement or land use authorization; (C) require the eligible entity to operate and maintain the covered recreation facility and any associated infrastructure designated by the Secretary concerned in a manner acceptable to the Secretary concerned and the eligible entity; (D) include any terms and conditions that the Secretary concerned determines to be necessary for a special use permit issued under section 580d of this title , including the payment described in subparagraph (E) or the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ( 43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), as applicable; (E) provide for payment to the Federal Government of a fee or a sharing of revenue— (i) consistent with— (I) the land use fee for a special use permit authorized under section 580d of this title ; or (II) the value to the eligible entity of the rights provided by the agreement or land use authorization, taking into account the capital invested by, and obligations of, the eligible entity under the agreement or land use authorization; and (ii) all or part of which may be offset by the work to be performed at the expense of the eligible entity that is separate from the routine costs of operating and maintaining the applicable covered recreation facility and any associated infrastructure designated by the Secretary concerned, as determined to be appropriate by the Secretary concerned; (F) include provisions stating that— (i) the eligible entity shall obtain no property interest in the covered recreation facility pursuant to the expenditures of the eligible entity, as required by the agreement or land use authorization; (ii) all structures and other improvements constructed, reconstructed, or nonroutinely maintained by that entity under the agreement or land use authorization on land owned by the United States shall be the property of the United States ; and (iii) the eligible entity shall be solely responsible for any cost associated with the decommissioning or removal of a capital improvement, if needed, at the conclusion of the agreement or land use authorization; and (G) be subject to any other terms and conditions determined to be necessary or appropriate by the Secretary concerned . (e) Land use fee retention A land use fee paid or revenue shared with the Secretary concerned under an agreement or land use authorization under this section shall be available for expenditure by the Secretary concerned for recreation-related purposes on the unit or area of Federal recreational lands and waters at which the land use fee or revenue is collected, without further appropriation. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title I, § 153 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2868 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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part-C
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III/part-C
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-III
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
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8572
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8572#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8572 - Permit relief for picnic areas
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(a) In general If the Secretary concerned does not require the public to obtain a permit or reservation to access a picnic area on Federal recreational lands and waters administered by the Forest Service or the Bureau of Land Management , the Secretary concerned shall not require a covered person to obtain a permit solely to access the picnic area. (b) Covered person defined In this section, the term “ covered person ” means a person (including an educational group) that provides outfitting and guiding services to fewer than 40 customers per year at a picnic area described in subsection (a). ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 352 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2916 .)
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16
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
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part-C
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III/part-C
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chapter-103
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
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subchapter-III
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
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8571
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8571#tab_default_1
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16 U.S. Code § 8571 - Good neighbor authority for recreation
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(a) Definitions In this section: (1) Authorized recreation services The term “ authorized recreation services ” means similar and complementary recreation enhancement or improvement services carried out— (A) on Federal land , non- Federal land , or land owned by an Indian Tribe; and (B) by either the Secretary or a Governor , Indian Tribe, or county, as applicable, pursuant to a good neighbor agreement . (2) County The term “ county ” means— (A) the appropriate executive official of an affected county ; or (B) in any case in which multiple counties are affected, the appropriate executive official of a compact of the affected counties. (3) Federal land The term “ Federal land ” means land that is— (A) owned and administered by the United States as a part of— (i) the National Forest System; or (ii) the National Park System; or (B) public lands (as defined in section 1702 of title 43 ). (4) Recreation enhancement or improvement services The term “ recreation enhancement or improvement services ” means— (A) establishing, repairing, restoring, improving, relocating, constructing, or reconstructing new or existing— (i) trails or trailheads; (ii) campgrounds and camping areas; (iii) cabins; (iv) picnic areas or other day use areas; (v) shooting ranges; (vi) restroom or shower facilities; (vii) paved or permanent roads or parking areas that serve existing recreation facilities or areas; (viii) fishing piers, wildlife viewing platforms, docks, or other constructed features at a recreation site; (ix) boat landings; (x) hunting or fishing sites; (xi) infrastructure within ski areas; or (xii) visitor centers or other interpretative sites; and (B) activities that create, improve, or restore access to existing recreation facilities or areas. (5) Good neighbor agreement The term “ good neighbor agreement ” means a cooperative agreement or contract (including a sole source contract) entered into between the Secretary and a Governor, Indian Tribe, or county, as applicable, to carry out authorized recreation services under this subchapter. (6) Governor The term “ Governor ” means the Governor or any other appropriate executive official of an affected State or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico . (7) Secretary concerned The term “ Secretary concerned ” means— (A) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to National Forest System land; and (B) the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to National Park System land and public lands. (b) Good neighbor agreements for recreation (1) In general The Secretary concerned may enter into a good neighbor agreement with a Governor, Indian Tribe, or county to carry out authorized recreation services in accordance with this subchapter. (2) Public availability The Secretary concerned shall make each good neighbor agreement available to the public. (3) Financial and technical assistance (A) In general The Secretary concerned may provide financial or technical assistance to a Governor, Indian Tribe, or county carrying out authorized recreation services . (B) Omitted (4) Retention of NEPA responsibilities Any decision required to be made under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to any authorized recreation services to be provided under this section on Federal land shall not be delegated to a Governor, Indian Tribe, or county. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 351 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2915 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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5912
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5912#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5912 - Interoperability standards
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The primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators , in consultation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology , other relevant standard-setting organizations, and State bank and credit union regulators, shall assess and, if necessary, may, pursuant to section 553 of title 5 , and in a manner consistent with the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 ( Public Law 104–113 ), prescribe standards for permitted payment stablecoin issuers to promote compatibility and interoperability with— (1) other permitted payment stablecoin issuers ; and (2) the broader digital finance ecosystem, including accepted communications protocols and blockchains, permissioned or public. ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 12 , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 459 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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5911
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5911#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5911 - Application of existing insolvency law
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In accordance with otherwise applicable law, an insolvency proceeding with respect to a permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall occur as follows: (1) A depository institution (as defined in section 1813 of this title ) shall be resolved by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , National Credit Union Administration , or State payment stablecoin regulator, as applicable. (2) A subsidiary of a depository institution (as defined in section 1813 of this title ) or a nonbank entity may be considered a debtor under title 11. ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 11(g) , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 458 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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5910
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5910#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5910 - Treatment of payment stablecoin issuers in insolvency proceedings
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Subject to section 507(e) of title 11 , as added by subsection (d), in any insolvency proceeding of a permitted payment stablecoin issuer under Federal or State law, including any proceeding under that title and any insolvency proceeding administered by a State payment stablecoin regulator with respect to a permitted payment stablecoin issuer— (1) the claim of a person holding payment stablecoins issued by the permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall have priority, on a ratable basis with the claims of other persons holding such payment stablecoins, over the claims of the permitted payment stablecoin issuer and any other holder of claims against the permitted payment stablecoin issuer , with respect to required payment stablecoin reserves; (2) notwithstanding any other provision of law, including the definition of “claim” under section 101(5) of title 11 , any person holding a payment stablecoin issued by the permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall be deemed to hold a claim; and (3) the priority under paragraph (1) shall not apply to claims other than those arising directly from the holding of payment stablecoins . ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 11(a) , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 457 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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null
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null
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5909
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5909#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5909 - Custody of payment stablecoin reserve and collateral
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(a) In general A person may only engage in the business of providing custodial or safekeeping services for the payment stablecoin reserve, the payment stablecoins used as collateral, or the private keys used to issue permitted payment stablecoins if the person— (1) is subject to— (A) supervision or regulation by a primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator or a primary financial regulatory agency described under subparagraph (B) or (C) of section 5301(12) of this title ; or (B) supervision by a State bank supervisor, as defined under section 1813 of this title , or a State credit union supervisor, as defined under section 6003 of the Anti -Money Laundering Act of 2020 ( 31 U.S.C. 5311 note), and such State bank supervisor or State credit union supervisor makes available to the Board such information as the Board determines necessary and relevant to the categories of information under subsection (d); and (2) complies with the requirements under subsection (b), unless such person holds such property in accordance with similar requirements as required by a primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator , the Securities and Exchange Commission , or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission . (b) Customer property requirement A person described in subsection (a) shall, with respect to other property described in that subsection— (1) treat and deal with the payment stablecoins , private keys, cash, and other property of a person for whom or on whose behalf the person described in that subsection receives, acquires, or holds payment stablecoins , private keys, cash, and other property (hereinafter referred to in this section as the “customer”) as belonging to such customer and not as the property of such person; and (2) take such steps as are appropriate to protect the payment stablecoins , private keys, cash, and other property of a customer from the claims of creditors of the person. (c) Commingling prohibited (1) In general Payment stablecoin reserves, payment stablecoins , cash, and other property of a permitted payment stablecoin issuer or customer shall be separately accounted for by a person described in subsection (a) and shall be segregated from and not be commingled with the assets of the person. (2) Exceptions Notwithstanding paragraph (1) or subsection (b)— (A) the payment stablecoin reserves, payment stablecoins , cash, and other property of a permitted payment stablecoin issuer or customer may, for convenience, be commingled and deposited in an omnibus account holding the payment stablecoin reserves, payment stablecoins, cash, and other property of more than 1 permitted payment stablecoin issuer or customer at a State chartered depository institution , an insured depository institution, national bank, or trust company, and any payment stablecoin reserves in the form of cash held in the form of a deposit liability at a depository institution shall not be subject to any requirement relating to the separation of such cash from the property of the applicable depository institution; (B) such share of the payment stablecoin reserves, payment stablecoins , cash, and other property of the permitted payment stablecoin issuer or customer that shall be necessary to transfer, adjust, or settle a transaction or transfer of assets may be withdrawn and applied to such purposes, including the payment of commissions, taxes, storage, and other charges lawfully accruing in connection with the provision of services by a person described in subsection (a); (C) in accordance with such terms and conditions as a primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator may prescribe by rule, regulation, or order, any payment stablecoin reserves, payment stablecoins, cash, and other property described in this subsection may be commingled and deposited in permitted payment stablecoin issuer or customer accounts with payment stablecoin reserves, payment stablecoins, cash, and other property received by the person and required by the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator to be separately accounted for, treated as, and dealt with as belonging to such permitted payment stablecoin issuers or customers; or (D) an insured depository institution that provides custodial or safekeeping services for payment stablecoin reserves shall be permitted to hold payment stablecoin reserves in the form of cash on deposit provided such treatment is consistent with Federal law. (3) Customer priority With respect to payment stablecoins held by a person described in subsection (a) for a customer, with or without the segregation required under paragraph (1), the claims of the customer against such person with respect to such payment stablecoins shall have priority over the claims of any person other than the claims of another customer with respect to payment stablecoins held by such person described in subsection (a), unless the customer expressly consents to the priority of such other claim. (d) Regulatory information A person described under subsection (a) shall submit to the applicable primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator information concerning the person’ s business operations and processes to protect customer assets, in such form and manner as the primary regulator shall determine. (e) Exclusion The requirements of this section shall not apply to any person solely on the basis that such person engages in the business of providing hardware or software to facilitate a customer’s own custody or safekeeping of the customer’s payment stablecoins or private keys. ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 10 , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 455 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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null
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null
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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null
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null
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5908
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5908#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5908 - Anti-money laundering innovation
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(a) Public comment Beginning on the date that is 30 days after July 18, 2025 , and for a period of 60 days thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall seek public comment to identify innovative or novel methods, techniques, or strategies that regulated financial institutions use, or have the potential to use, to detect illicit activity, such as money laundering, involving digital assets, including comments with respect to— (1) application program interfaces; (2) artificial intelligence; (3) digital identify verification; and (4) use of blockchain technology and monitoring. (b) Treasury research (1) In general Upon completion of the public comment period described in subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct research on the innovative or novel methods, techniques, or strategies that regulated financial institutions use, or have the potential to use, to detect illicit activity, such as money laundering, involving digital assets that were identified in such public comment period. (2) Research factors With respect to each innovative or novel method, technique, or strategy described in paragraph (1), the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network shall evaluate and consider the following factors against existing methods, techniques, or strategies: (A) Improvements in the ability of financial institutions to detect illicit activity involving digital assets . (B) Costs to regulated financial institutions. (C) The amount and sensitivity of information that is collected or reviewed. (D) Privacy risks associated with the information that is collected or reviewed. (E) Operational challenges and efficiency considerations. (F) Cybersecurity risks. (G) Effectiveness of methods, techniques, or strategies at mitigating illicit finance. (c) Treasury risk assessment As part of the national strategy for combating terrorist and other illicit financing required under sections 261 and 262 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act ( Public Law 115–44 ; 131 Stat. 934 ), the Secretary of the Treasury shall consider— (1) the source of illicit activity, such as money laundering and sanctions evasion involving digital assets ; (2) the effectiveness of and gaps in existing methods, techniques, and strategies used by regulated financial institutions in detecting illicit activity, such as money laundering, involving digital assets ; (3) the impact of existing regulatory frameworks on the use and development of innovative methods, techniques, or strategies by regulated financial institutions; and (4) any foreign jurisdictions that pose a high risk of facilitating illicit activity through the use of digital assets to obtain fiat currency. (d) FinCEN guidance or rulemaking Not later than 3 years after July 18, 2025 , the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network shall issue public guidance and notice and comment rulemaking, based on the results of the research and risk assessments required under this section, relating to the following: (1) The implementation of innovative or novel methods, techniques, or strategies by regulated financial institutions to detect illicit activity involving digital assets . (2) Standards for payment stablecoin issuers to identify and report illicit activity involving the payment stablecoin of a permitted payment stablecoin issuer , including, fraud, cybercrime, money laundering, financing of terrorism, sanctions evasion, or insider trading. (3) Standards for payment stablecoin issuers’ systems and practices to monitor transactions on blockchains, digital asset mixing services, tumblers, or other similar services that mix payment stablecoins in such a way as to make such transaction or the identity of the transaction parties less identifiable. (4) Tailored risk management standards for financial institutions interacting with decentralized finance protocols. (e) Recommendations and report to Congress (1) In general Not later than 180 days after July 18, 2025 , the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the chairs and ranking members of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives a report on— (A) legislative and regulatory proposals to allow regulated financial institutions to develop and implement novel and innovative methods, techniques, or strategies to detect illicit activity, such as money laundering and sanctions evasion, involving digital assets ; (B) the results of the research and risk assessments conducted pursuant to this section; (C) efforts to support the ability of financial institutions to implement novel and innovative methods, techniques, or strategies to detect illicit activity, such as money laundering and sanctions evasion, involving digital assets ; (D) the extent to which transactions on distributed ledgers , digital asset mixing services, tumblers, or other similar services that mix payment stablecoins in such a way as to make such transaction or the identity of the transaction parties less identifiable may facilitate illicit activity; and (E) legislative recommendations relating to the scope of the term “ digital asset service provider ” and the application of that term to decentralized finance. (2) Classified annex A report under this section may include a classified annex, if applicable. (f) Rule of construction Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the existing authority of the Secretary of the Treasury or the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators to, prior to the submission of a report required under this section, use existing exemptive authorities, the no-action letter process, or rulemaking authorities in a manner that encourages regulated financial institutions to adopt novel or innovative methods, techniques, or strategies to detect illicit activity, such as money laundering, involving digital assets. ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 9 , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 453 .)
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12
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12
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null
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chapter-56
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/chapter-56
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null
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null
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5907
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https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5907#tab_default_1
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12 U.S. Code § 5907 - Anti-money laundering protections
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(a) Payment stablecoins issued by a foreign payment stablecoin issuer (1) In general A payment stablecoin that is issued by a foreign payment stablecoin issuer may not be publicly offered, sold, or otherwise made available for trading in the United States by a digital asset service provider unless the foreign payment stablecoin issuer has the technological capability to comply and complies with the terms of any lawful order. (2) Enforcement (A) Authority The Secretary of the Treasury shall have the authority to designate any foreign issuer that publicly offers , sells, or otherwise makes available a payment stablecoin in violation of paragraph (1) as noncompliant. (B) Designation as noncompliant Not later than 30 days after the Department of the Treasury has identified a foreign payment stablecoin issuer of any payment stablecoin trading in the United States that is in violation of paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Treasury, in coordination with relevant Federal agencies, may, pursuant to the authority under subparagraph (A), designate the foreign payment stablecoin issuer as noncompliant and notify the foreign payment stablecoin issuer in writing of the designation. (3) Appeal A determination of noncompliance under this subsection is subject to judicial review in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. (b) Publication of designation; prohibition on secondary trading (1) In general If a foreign payment stablecoin issuer does not come into compliance with the lawful order within 30 days from the date of issuance of the written notice described in subsection (a), except as provided in subsection (c), the Secretary of the Treasury shall— (A) publish the determination of noncompliance in the Federal Register, including a statement on the failure of the foreign payment stablecoin issuer to comply with the lawful order after the written notice; and (B) issue a notification in the Federal Register prohibiting digital asset service providers from facilitating secondary trading of payment stablecoins issued by the foreign payment stablecoin issuer in the United States. (2) Effective date of prohibition The prohibition on facilitation of secondary trading described in paragraph (1) shall become effective on the date that is 30 days after the date of issue of notification of the prohibition in the Federal Register. (3) Expiration of prohibition (A) In general The prohibition on facilitation of secondary trading described in paragraph (1)(B) shall expire upon the Secretary of the Treasury’s determination that the foreign payment stablecoin issuer is no longer noncompliant. (B) Rulemaking Consistent with section 5913 of this title , the Secretary of the Treasury shall specify the criteria that a noncompliant foreign issuer must meet for the Secretary of the Treasury to determine that the foreign payment stablecoin issuer is no longer noncompliant. (C) Publication Upon a determination under subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Treasury shall publish the determination in the Federal Register, including a statement detailing how the foreign payment stablecoin issuer has met the criteria described in subparagraph (B). (4) Civil monetary penalties The Secretary of the Treasury may impose a civil monetary penalty as follows: (A) Digital asset service providers Any digital asset service provider that knowingly violates a prohibition under paragraph (1)(B) shall be subject to a civil monetary penalty of not more than $100,000 per violation per day. (B) Foreign payment stablecoin issuers Any foreign payment stablecoin issuer that knowingly continues to publicly offer a payment stablecoin in the United States after publication of the determination of noncompliance under paragraph (1)(A) shall be subject to a civil monetary penalty of not more than $1,000,000 per violation per day, and the Secretary of the Treasury may seek an injunction in a district court of the United States to bar the foreign payment stablecoin issuer from engaging in financial transactions in the United States or with United States persons. (C) Determination of the number of violations For purposes of determining the number of violations for which to impose a penalty under subparagraph (A) or (B), separate acts of noncompliance are a single violation when the acts are the result of a common or substantially overlapping originating cause. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Secretary of Treasury may determine that multiple acts of noncompliance constitute separate violations if such acts were the result of gross negligence, a reckless disregard for, or a pattern of indifference to, money laundering, financing of terrorism, or sanctions evasion requirements. (D) Commencement of civil actions The Secretary of the Treasury may commence a civil action against a foreign payment stablecoin issuer in a district court of the United States to— (i) recover a civil monetary penalty assessed under subparagraph (A) or (B); (ii) seek an injunction to bar the foreign payment stablecoin issuer from engaging in financial transactions in the United States or with United States persons; or (iii) seek an injunction to stop a digital asset service provider from offering on the platform of the digital asset service provider payment stablecoins issued by the foreign payment stablecoin issuer . (c) Waiver and licensing authority exemptions (1) In general The Secretary of the Treasury may offer a waiver, general license, or specific license to any United States person engaging in secondary trading described in subsection (b)(1)(B) on a case-by-case basis if the Secretary determines that— (A) prohibiting secondary trading would adversely affect the financial system of the United States ; or (B) the foreign payment stablecoin issuer is taking tangible steps to remedy the failure to comply with the lawful order that resulted in the noncompliance determination under subsection (a). (2) National security waiver The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of State , may waive the application of the secondary trading restrictions under subsection (b)(1)(B) if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that the waiver is in the national security interest of the United States . (3) Waiver for intelligence and law enforcement activities The head of a department or agency may waive the application of this section with respect to— (A) activities subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.), or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States; or (B) activities necessary to carry out or assist law enforcement activity of the United States . (4) Report required Not later than 7 days after issuing a waiver or a license under paragraph (1), (2), or (3), the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the chairs and ranking members of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives , a report, which may include a classified annex, if applicable, including the text of the waiver or license, as well as the facts and circumstances justifying the waiver determination, and provide a briefing on the report. (d) Rule of construction Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as altering the existing authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to block, restrict, or limit transactions involving payment stablecoins that reference or are denominated in United States dollars that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. ( Pub. L. 119–27, § 8 , July 18, 2025 , 139 Stat. 450 .)
|
16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
|
null
|
part-A
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II/part-A
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-II
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-II
|
8487
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8487#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8487 - Savings clause
|
Nothing in the [1] part shall be construed to create any conflicting standards with the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 ( 42 U.S.C. 4151 et seq.) and section 794 of title 29 . ( Pub. L. 118–234, title II, § 217 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2886 .)
|
16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
|
null
|
part-B
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III/part-B
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-III
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
|
8561
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8561#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8561 - Extension of seasonal recreation opportunities
|
(a) Definition of seasonal closure In this section, the term “ seasonal closure ” means any period during which— (1) a unit, or portion of a unit, of Federal recreational lands and waters is closed to the public for a continuous period of 30 days or more, excluding temporary closures relating to wildlife conservation or public safety; and (2) permitted or allowable recreational activities, which provide an economic benefit, including off-season or winter-season tourism, do not take place at the unit, or portion of a unit, of Federal recreational lands and waters . (b) Coordination (1) In general The Secretaries shall consult and coordinate with outdoor recreation-related businesses operating on, or adjacent to, a unit of Federal recreational lands and waters , State offices of outdoor recreation, local destination marketing organizations, applicable trade organizations, nonprofit organizations, Indian Tribes, local governments, and institutions of higher education— (A) to better understand— (i) trends with respect to visitors to the unit of Federal recreational lands and waters ; (ii) the effect of seasonal closures on areas of, or infrastructure on, units of Federal recreational lands and waters on outdoor recreation opportunities, adjacent businesses, and local tax revenue; and (iii) opportunities to extend the period of time during which areas of, or infrastructure on, units of Federal recreational lands and waters are open to the public to increase outdoor recreation opportunities and associated revenues for businesses and local governments; and (B) to solicit input from, and provide information for, outdoor recreation marketing campaigns. (2) Local coordination As part of the consultation and coordination required under subparagraph [1] (1), the Secretaries shall encourage relevant unit managers of Federal recreational lands and waters managed by the Forest Service , the Bureau of Land Management , and the National Park Service to consult and coordinate with local governments, Indian Tribes, outdoor recreation-related businesses, and other local stakeholders operating on or adjacent to the relevant unit of Federal recreational lands and waters. (d) [2] Extensions beyond seasonal closures (1) Extension of recreational season In the case of a unit of Federal recreational lands and waters managed by the Forest Service , the Bureau of Land Management , or the National Park Service in which recreational use is highly seasonal, the Secretary concerned, acting through the relevant unit manager, may— (A) as appropriate, extend the recreation season or increase recreation use in a sustainable manner during the offseason; and (B) make information about extended season schedules and related recreational opportunities available to the public and local communities. (2) Determination In determining whether to extend the recreation season under this subsection, the Secretary concerned , acting through the relevant unit manager, shall consider the benefits of extending the recreation season— (A) for the duration of income to gateway communities; and (B) to provide more opportunities to visit resources on units of Federal recreational lands and waters to reduce crowding during peak visitation. (3) Clarification Nothing in this subsection precludes the Secretary concerned , acting through the relevant unit manager, from providing for additional recreational opportunities and uses at times other than those described in this subsection. (4) Inclusions An extension of a recreation season or an increase in recreation use during the offseason under paragraph (1) may include— (A) the addition of facilities that would increase recreation use during the offseason; and (B) improvement of access to the relevant unit to extend the recreation season. (5) Requirement An extension of a recreation season or increase in recreation use during the offseason under paragraph (1) shall be done in compliance with all applicable Federal laws, regulations, and policies, including land use plans . (6) Agreements (A) In general The Secretary concerned may enter into agreements with businesses, local governments, or other entities to share the cost of additional expenses necessary to extend the period of time during which an area of, or infrastructure on, a unit of Federal recreational lands and waters is made open to the public. (B) In-kind contributions The Secretary concerned may accept in-kind contributions of goods and services provided by businesses, local governments, or other entities for purposes of paragraph (1). ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 331 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2911 .)
|
16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
|
null
|
part-A
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III/part-A
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-III
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
|
8550
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8550#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8550 - Savings provision
|
Nothing in this part, or in any amendment made by this part, shall be construed as affecting the authority or responsibility of the Secretary of the Interior to award concessions contracts for the provision of accommodations, facilities, and services, or commercial use authorizations to provide services, to visitors to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service refuges or units of the National Park System pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 1019 of title 54 (formerly known as the “ National Park Service Concessions Management Improvement Act of 1998”), except that sections 8543(a) , 8544 , 8548(a) , 8548(b) , and 8548(c) of this title shall also apply to commercial use authorizations under that Act. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 323 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2911 .)
|
16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
|
null
|
part-A
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III/part-A
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-III
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
|
8549
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8549#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8549 - Cost recovery reform
|
(a) Cost recovery for special recreation permits In addition to a fee collected under section 6802 of this title or any other authorized fee collected by the Secretary concerned, the Secretary concerned may assess and collect a reasonable fee from an applicant for, or holder of, a special recreation permit to recover administrative costs incurred by the Secretary concerned for— (1) processing a proposal or application for the special recreation permit ; (2) issuing the special recreation permit ; and (3) monitoring the special recreation permit to ensure compliance with the terms and conditions of the special recreation permit . (b) De minimis exemption from cost recovery If the administrative costs described in subsection (a) are assessed on an hourly basis, the Secretary concerned shall— (1) establish an hourly de minimis threshold that exempts a specified number of hours from the assessment and collection of administrative costs described in subsection (a); and (2) charge an applicant only for any hours that exceed the de minimis threshold. (c) Multiple applications If the Secretary concerned collectively processes multiple applications for special recreation permits for the same or similar services in the same unit of Federal recreational lands and waters, the Secretary concerned shall, to the extent practicable— (1) assess from the applicants the fee described in subsection (a) on a prorated basis; and (2) apply the exemption described in subsection (b) to each applicant on an individual basis. (d) Limitation The Secretary concerned shall not assess or collect administrative costs under this section for a programmatic environmental review. (e) Cost reduction To the maximum extent practicable, the agency processing an application for a special recreation permit shall use existing studies and analysis to reduce the quantity of work and costs necessary to process the application. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 320 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2908 .)
|
16
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16
|
null
|
null
|
part-A
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III/part-A
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
null
|
chapter-103
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103
|
subchapter-III
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/chapter-103/subchapter-III
|
8548
|
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/8548#tab_default_1
|
16 U.S. Code § 8548 - Liability
|
(a) Insurance requirements (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), as a condition of issuing a special recreation permit under subsection (h)(1)(B) of section 6802 of this title (as amended by this title) or a commercial use authorization, the Secretary concerned may require the holder of the special recreation permit or commercial use authorization to have a commercial general liability insurance policy that— (A) is commensurate with the level of risk of the activities to be conducted under the special recreation permit or commercial use authorization ; and (B) includes the United States as an additional insured in an endorsement to the applicable policy. (2) Exception The Secretary concerned shall not require a holder of a special recreation permit or commercial use authorization for low-risk activities, as determined by the Secretary concerned, including commemorative ceremonies and participation by the public in a recreation activity or recreation use of a specific area of Federal recreational lands and waters in which use by the public is allocated, to comply with the requirements of paragraph (1). (b) Indemnification by governmental entities The Secretary concerned shall not require a State, State agency, State institution, or political subdivision of a State to indemnify the United States for tort liability as a condition for issuing a special recreation permit or commercial use authorization to the extent the State, State agency, State institution, or political subdivision of a State is precluded by State law from providing indemnification to the United States for tort liability, if the State, State agency, State institution, or political subdivision of the State maintains the minimum amount of liability insurance coverage required by the Federal land management agency for the activities conducted under the special recreation permit or commercial use authorization in the form of— (1) a commercial general liability insurance policy, which includes the United States as an additional insured in an endorsement to the policy, if the State is authorized to obtain commercial general liability insurance by State law; (2) self-insurance, which covers the United States as an additional insured, if authorized by State law; or (3) a combination of the coverage described in paragraphs (1) and (2). (c) Exculpatory agreements (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), a Federal land management agency shall not implement, administer, or enforce any regulation, guidance, or policy prohibiting the use of an exculpatory agreement between a recreation service provider or a holder of a commercial use authorization and a customer relating to services provided under a special recreation permit or a commercial use authorization . (2) Requirements Any exculpatory agreement used by a recreation service provider or holder of a commercial use authorization for an activity authorized under a special recreation permit or commercial use authorization — (A) shall shield the United States from any liability, if otherwise allowable under Federal law; and (B) shall not waive any liability of the recreation service provider or holder of the commercial use authorization that may not be waived under the laws (including common law) of the applicable State or for gross negligence, recklessness, or willful misconduct. (3) Consistency Not later than 2 years after January 4, 2025 , the Secretaries shall— (A) review the policies of the Secretaries pertaining to the use of exculpatory agreements by recreation service providers and holders of commercial use authorizations ; and (B) revise any policy described in subparagraph (A) as necessary to make the policies of the Secretaries pertaining to the use of exculpatory agreements by recreation service providers and holders of commercial use authorizations consistent with this subsection and across all Federal recreational lands and waters. (d) Effect Nothing in this section applies to a concession contract issued by the National Park Service for the provision of accommodations, facilities, or services. ( Pub. L. 118–234, title III, § 319 , Jan. 4, 2025 , 138 Stat. 2907 .)
|
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in Data Studio
Dataset Card for United States Code (Cornell LII) — Hierarchical Sections
Dataset Summary
This dataset is purpose-built for the Prime Intellect U.S. legal evaluation environment.
This dataset contains the text of the United States Code scraped from the Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School. Each record corresponds to a navigable section (“U.S. Code” tab only) together with its hierarchy path—title, subtitle, division, part, subpart, chapter, subchapter, and so on. Hierarchy levels that do not exist for a given section are stored as the literal string "null" so the schema remains uniform across the corpus.
The crawler normalises section URLs to include #tab_default_1, ensuring we always capture the primary statutory text and exclude notes or editorial commentary. Headings preserve the source wording (e.g. 15 U.S. Code § 9901 - ...) and the text field is whitespace-normalised plain text with in-page navigation removed.
Languages
- English (
en)
Dataset Structure
Data Fields
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
title_id |
string | Title identifier (e.g. 15, 26, 18a). "null" when absent. |
title_url |
string | Canonical Cornell URL for the title. |
subtitle_id |
string | Subtitle identifier (subtitle-I, …) or "null". |
subtitle_url |
string | URL of the subtitle. |
division_id |
string | Division identifier or "null". |
division_url |
string | URL of the division. |
part_id |
string | Part identifier (part-A, part-IV, …) or "null". |
part_url |
string | URL of the part. |
subpart_id |
string | Subpart identifier or "null". |
subpart_url |
string | URL of the subpart. |
subdivision_id |
string | Subdivision identifier or "null". |
subdivision_url |
string | URL of the subdivision. |
chapter_id |
string | Chapter identifier (chapter-103, …) or "null". |
chapter_url |
string | URL of the chapter. |
subchapter_id |
string | Subchapter identifier or "null". |
subchapter_url |
string | URL of the subchapter. |
section_id |
string | Section identifier (always present). |
section_url |
string | Section URL ending with #tab_default_1. |
heading |
string | Section heading; "null" if unavailable. |
text |
string | Cleaned statutory text; "null" if no text is present. |
All fields are strings. "null" marks missing hierarchy levels or absent text.
Data Instances
{
"title_id": "15",
"title_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15",
"subtitle_id": "subtitle-I",
"subtitle_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/subtitle-I",
"division_id": "division-C",
"division_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/subtitle-I/division-C",
"chapter_id": "chapter-123",
"chapter_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/subtitle-I/division-C/chapter-123",
"subchapter_id": "null",
"subchapter_url": "null",
"section_id": "9901",
"section_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/9901#tab_default_1",
"heading": "15 U.S. Code § 9901 - Prohibition on transfer of personally identifiable sensitive data of United States individuals to foreign adversaries",
"text": "(a) Prohibition It shall be unlawful ..."
}
Data Splits
No official train/validation/test split is supplied. You can:
- deterministically slice with
split="train[:5000]", or - stream via
load_dataset(..., streaming=True)and build custom splits.
Dataset Creation
Source Data
- Collection: Scraped via Scrapy from
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text. - Processing: The spider walks hierarchy containers, extracts the
#tab_default_1tab, and stores each level’s ID/URL. Normalisation rewrites the JSONL so every record shares the same schema and missing fields become"null".
Author Statements
- Primary source: Legal Information Institute (LII) at Cornell Law School.
- Dataset maintainers: emre570 and Codex (GPT-5)
Limitations
- Reflects Cornell LII’s snapshot at crawl time; statutes change periodically.
"null"strings indicate missing levels—downstream consumers should treat them as absent data.- Editorial notes and historical references are not included.
Ethical Considerations
Content is public law. There is no personal data beyond statutory text. Users should verify statutory currency through official sources before relying on the dataset in production or legal contexts.
Licensing
Cornell LII distributes its value-added materials under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License. This dataset follows the same terms: give credit to Cornell LII, do not use the content for commercial purposes, and release derivatives under an identical license. For commercial arrangements, contact [email protected].
Contributions
- emre570 — project owner, crawl execution, dataset curation.
- Codex (GPT-5) — crawler automation and documentation support :)
Found an issue or want to contribute improvements? Please open an issue or pull request in the repository.
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