pmcid string | abstract string | text string | metadata dict |
|---|---|---|---|
PMC516036 | # Background
Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors (FTIs) were originally developed to inhibit oncogenic ras, however it is now clear that there are several other potential targets for this drug class. The FTI tipifarnib (ZARNESTRA™, R115777) has recently demonstrated clinical responses in adults with refractory and... | # Background
The investigative agent tipifarnib is a member of a new class of drugs that were designed to function as a non-peptidomimetic competitive farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI). The principal behind this drug class is that protein farnesylation is required for many cell-signaling processes and that dysregula... | {
"pmid": "15329151",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2407-4-56",
"article_title": "Microarray analysis reveals genetic pathways modulated by tipifarnib in acute myeloid leukemia",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-25 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Mitch Raponi",
"Robert T Belly",
"Judith E Karp",
"Jeffr... |
PMC516037 | # Background
The character of upper limb disorder in computer operators remains obscure and their treatment and prevention have had limited success. Symptoms tend to be mostly perceived as relating to pathology in muscles, tendons or insertions. However, the conception of a neuropathic disorder would be supported by o... | # Background
Upper limb pain and dysfunction are frequent complaints associated with computer work. However, the responsible pathology and the pathophysiological mechanisms are insufficiently understood. In addition, there is no consensus with regard to physical findings that may reflect symptoms.
The involvement of ... | {
"pmid": "15310393",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2474-5-26",
"article_title": "Upper limb neuropathy in computer operators? A clinical case study of 21 patients",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jørgen Riis Jepsen"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": ... |
PMC516038 | # Background
This study was planned to collect data about causes, prevalence and responses to work-related musculoskeletal disorders reported by physiotherapists employed in Izmir, Turkey.
# Method
A two-page survey with closed ended questions was used as the data collected method. This survey was distributed to 205... | # Background
A work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMD) is defined as a musculoskeletal injury that results from a work-related event. This may result in lost work time, work restriction, or transfer to another job [CIT_REF]. These types of injuries are common among physiotherapists [CIT_REF]. This group has a mod... | {
"pmid": "15315712",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2474-5-27",
"article_title": "Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: A survey of physical therapists in Izmir-Turkey",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-18 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Yesim Salik",
"Ayse Özcan"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
... |
PMC516039 | A previous systematic review reported that topical NSAIDs were effective in relieving pain in chronic conditions like osteoarthritis and tendinitis. More trials, a better understanding of trial quality and bias, and a reclassification of certain drugs necessitate a new review.
Studies were identified by searching elec... | # Background
A systematic review of topical NSAIDs reported that they were effective for relieving pain in both acute and chronic conditions [CIT_REF]. Number-needed-to-treat (NNT), the number of patients that need to be treated for one to benefit from a particular drug, who would not have benefited from placebo, was ... | {
"pmid": "15317652",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2474-5-28",
"article_title": "Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-19 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Lorna Mason",
"R Andrew Moore",
"Jayne E Edwards",
"Sheena Derry",... |
PMC516236 | # Background
The phenomenon of switch-like response to graded input signal is the theme involved in various signaling pathways in living systems. Positive feedback loops or double negative feedback loops embedded with nonlinearity exhibit these switch-like bistable responses. Such feedback regulations exist in insulin... | # Background
In living systems, extracellular information is processed through signal transduction machinery to appropriately regulate cellular function. This information processing machinery is made up of a complex web of enzyme cascades, allosteric interactions and feedback loops. Depending on their regulatory desig... | {
"pmid": "15291972",
"doi": "10.1186/1742-4682-1-2",
"article_title": "A steady state analysis indicates that negative feedback regulation of PTP1B by Akt elicits bistability in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-03 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Lopamudra Giri",
... |
PMC516237 | # Background
E-NTPase/E-NTPDase is activated by millimolar concentrations of Ca^{2+} or Mg^{2+} with a pH optimum of 7.5 for the hydrolysis of extracellular NTP and NDP. It has been generally accepted that E-NTPase/E-NTPDase plays regulatory role in purinergic signalling, but other functions may yet be discovered.
# ... | # Background
The mechanism by which [Ca^{2+}] _{i} is increased in excitable cells differs from that obtaining in non-excitable cells. Excitable cells exhibit an action potential, a substantial general depolarization of the plasma membrane, in response to depolarizing stimuli; influx of Ca^{2+} occurs via plasma membr... | {
"pmid": "15307889",
"doi": "10.1186/1742-4682-1-3",
"article_title": "Regulatory role of E-NTPase/E-NTPDase in Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ transport via gated channel",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-12 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hans M Schreiber",
"Subburaj Kannan"
],
"article_type": "research-article"... |
PMC516255 | Integral membrane proteins are the primary targets of novel drugs but are largely without solved structures. As a consequence, hydrophobic moment plot methodology is often used to identify putative transmembrane α -helices of integral membrane proteins, based on their local maximum mean hydrophobic moment (< μH >) and ... | # Background
Integral membrane proteins are the primary choice as targets when developing new drugs and although clearly of medical relevance, forming 20% – 30% of the gene products of most genomes, these proteins have been structurally determined in only about thirty cases [CIT_REF]. Where high levels of sequence hom... | {
"pmid": "15312230",
"doi": "10.1186/1742-4682-1-5",
"article_title": "Investigation of hydrophobic moment and hydrophobicity properties for transmembrane α -helices",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-16 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"James Wallace",
"Onkabetse A Daman",
"Frederick Harris",
... |
PMC516443 | # Background
Pregnant women are a major risk group for malaria in endemic areas. Only little information exists on the compliance of pregnant women with malaria and anaemia preventive drug regimens in the rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we collected information on malaria and anaemia prevention... | # Background
Each year between 75.000 and 200.000 infant deaths are attributed to malaria infection in pregnancy globally, and between 200.000 and 500.000 pregnant women develop severe anaemia as a result of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [CIT_REF]. Pregnant compared to non-pregnant women are at an increased risk... | {
"pmid": "15333138",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2393-4-18",
"article_title": "Malaria and anemia prevention in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Caroline Miaffo",
"Florent Some",
"Bocar Kouyate",
"Albrecht Jahn",
"Olaf Mue... |
PMC516444 | # Background
There is no clear definition of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The most widely used classification of OI divides the disease in four types, although it has been suggested that there may be at least 12 forms of OI. These forms have been named with numbers, eponyms or descriptive names. Some of these syndrom... | # Background
Besides brittle bones, all other clinical characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are variable, and even different members of the same family may present with a dissimilar degree of severity [CIT_REF]. Severity appears to follow a continuum in the OI population, and it is therefore very difficult ... | {
"pmid": "15339338",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2431-4-16",
"article_title": "Syndromes with congenital brittle bones",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-31 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Horacio Plotkin"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": "CC BY"
} |
PMC516448 | # Background
The study investigated the extent to which approaches to work, workplace climate, stress, burnout and satisfaction with medicine as a career in doctors aged about thirty are predicted by measures of learning style and personality measured five to twelve years earlier when the doctors were applicants to me... | # Background
Sir William Osler (1849–1919), one of the most distinguished physicians of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, recognised that only some doctors are happy in their professional lives:
"To each one of you the practice of medicine will be very much as you make it – to one a worry, a care, a perpetu... | {
"pmid": "15317650",
"doi": "10.1186/1741-7015-2-29",
"article_title": "Stress, burnout and doctors' attitudes to work are determined by personality and learning style: A twelve year longitudinal study of UK medical graduates",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-18 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"IC McManu... |
PMC516767 | # Background
Endopolyploidy is developmentally regulated. Presence of endopolyploidy as a result of endoreduplication has been characterized in insects, mammals and plants. The family Orchidaceae is the largest among the flowering plants. Many of the members of the orchid family are commercially micropropagated. Very ... | # Background
In the classical cell cycle, the nuclear DNA contents vary only within the range of 2C and 4C, where C is the haploid DNA content per nucleus. When mitotic DNA replication in somatic cells is not followed by cell division (a process called endoreduplication), variation of cellular ploidy levels (designate... | {
"pmid": "15341672",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2121-5-33",
"article_title": "Systemic endopolyploidy in Spathoglottis plicata (Orchidaceae) development",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-01 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Maocheng Yang",
"Chiang Shiong Loh"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"li... |
PMC516769 | # Background
In this study, we investigated the effect of genetic background on expression profiles. We analysed the transcriptome of mouse hindlimb muscle of five frequently used mouse inbred strains using spotted oligonucleotide microarrays.
# Results
Through ANOVA analysis with a false discovery rate of 10%, we s... | # Background
Due to their isogenicity, inbred mouse strains demonstrate low biological variability within each strain[CIT_REF]. Genetic variation between inbred strains is considerable and has recently been characterized in detail using single nucleotide polymorphisms[CIT_REF]. Differences in genetic background betwee... | {
"pmid": "15317656",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2164-5-57",
"article_title": "Gene expression variation between mouse inbred strains",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-18 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Rolf Turk",
"Peter AC 't Hoen",
"Ellen Sterrenburg",
"Renée X de Menezes",
"Emile J de Meije... |
PMC516771 | # Background
DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) activity is absent in many, but not all, disease isolates of Neisseria meningitidis, as a consequence of the insertion of a restriction endonuclease-encoding gene, the ' dam replacing gene' (drg) at the dam locus. Here, we report the results of a survey to assess the pr... | # Background
Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia, is a common inhabitant of the human nasopharynx, being asymptomatically carried by approximately 10% of the population [CIT_REF]. There is evidence for extensive horizontal genetic exchange in populations of this anti... | {
"pmid": "15339342",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2180-4-34",
"article_title": "Dam inactivation in Neisseria meningitidis: prevalence among diverse hyperinvasive lineages",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-31 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Keith A Jolley",
"Li Sun",
"E Richard Moxon",
"Martin CJ Ma... |
PMC516773 | # Background
Neurons in the mammalian pretectum are involved in the control of various visual and oculomotor tasks. Because functionally independent pretectal cell populations show a wide variation of response types to visual stimulation in vivo, they may also differ in their intrinsic properties when recorded in vitr... | # Background
Neurons in the mammalian pretectal nuclear complex (PNC) are involved in the control of various oculomotor reflexes, like the pupillary light reflex and the optokinetic reflex (OKR). Pupil constriction is controlled by neurons in the olivary pretectal nucleus that project bilaterally to the Edinger-Westph... | {
"pmid": "15333139",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2202-5-29",
"article_title": "Spontaneous activity of rat pretectal nuclear complex neurons in vitro",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Nora Prochnow",
"Matthias Schmidt"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license... |
PMC516774 | # Background
3-guanidinopropionic acid derivatives reduce body weight in obese, diabetic mice. We have assessed whether one of these analogues, the aminoguanidine carboxylate BVT.12777, opens K_{ATP} channels in rat insulinoma cells, by the same mechanism as leptin.
# Results
BVT.12777 hyperpolarized CRI-G1 rat insu... | # Background
ATP-sensitive K^{+} (K_{ATP}) channels are important regulators of cell function, coupling energy metabolism with electrical activity. K_{ATP} channels are comprised of two proteins, derived from the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) family and an inwardly rectifying K^{+} channel (Kir6.x family), the exact co... | {
"pmid": "15329154",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2210-4-17",
"article_title": "The aminoguanidine carboxylate BVT.12777 activates ATP-sensitive K + channels in the rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-24 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jackie M Kinsella",
"Hilary A Laidlaw",
... |
PMC516775 | # Background
Infection of plants by necrotizing pathogens can lead to the rapid and localized induction of a complex set of defense responses resulting in a restriction of pathogen growth and spread. Subsequently, an increase of plant resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens is observed systemically. This plan... | # Background
Infection of plants by necrotizing pathogens can lead to the induction of a complex set of defense responses resulting in a restriction of pathogen growth and spread. The infected leaves develop a hypersensitive response (HR), i.e., rapid, localized cell death occurring at the sites of pathogen entry [CIT... | {
"pmid": "15331019",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2229-4-15",
"article_title": "Cloning and expression analysis of cDNAs corresponding to genes activated in cucumber showing systemic acquired resistance after BTH treatment",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-26 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Catherine Bovie",
... |
PMC516778 | # Background
In order to confirm therapeutic effects of topiramate on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) observed in a prior study, a new prospective, open-label study was conducted to examine acute responses in chronic, nonhallucinatory PTSD.
# Methods
Thirty-three consecutive newly recruited civilian adult outpa... | # Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a difficult-to-treat condition that over a lifetime affects approximately 10% of the general population [CIT_REF]. The condition develops after traumatic events such as combat, terror activities, disaster, or rape, and has 3 main features: (1) reexperiencing the tra... | {
"pmid": "15315714",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-244X-4-24",
"article_title": "Prospective open-label study of add-on and monotherapy topiramate in civilians with chronic nonhallucinatory posttraumatic stress disorder",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-18 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jeffrey L Berlant"
],
... |
PMC516781 | # Background
The predictive role of many cytokines has not been well defined in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
# Methods
We measured prospectively IL-4, IL-6, IL-6 receptor, IL-8, and IL-10, in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in 59 patients who were admitted to ICU in order to identify... | # Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by respiratory failure of acute onset as a result of acute lung injury (ALI) either directly or indirectly via the blood. The main characteristics of the syndrome are diffuse inflammation and increased microvascular permeability that cause diffus... | {
"pmid": "15315713",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2466-4-6",
"article_title": "The clinical significance of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cytokines in patients at risk for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Demosthenes Bouros"... |
PMC516782 | # Background
Traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely used class of therapy in the treatment of chronic pain and inflammation. The drugs are effective and can be relatively inexpensive thanks to available generic versions. Unfortunately the traditional NSAIDs are associated with gastroin... | # Background
Traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely prescribed class of therapy used to relieve pain and inflammation. The drugs have been shown to be effective for a variety of common disorders (hence their widespread use), most notably chronic osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.... | {
"pmid": "15327694",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6963-4-21",
"article_title": "Encouraging physician appropriate prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapies: protocol of a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN43532635]",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-24 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Malcolm Doup... |
PMC516783 | # Background
QRS and ventricular beat detection is a basic procedure for electrocardiogram (ECG) processing and analysis. Large variety of methods have been proposed and used, featuring high percentages of correct detection. Nevertheless, the problem remains open especially with respect to higher detection accuracy in... | # Background
The QRS complexes and ventricular beats in an electrocardiogram represent the depolarization phenomenon of the ventricles and yield useful information about their behavior. Beat detection is a procedure preceding any kind of ECG processing and analysis. For morphological analysis this is the reference for... | {
"pmid": "15333132",
"doi": "10.1186/1475-925X-3-28",
"article_title": "Real time electrocardiogram QRS detection using combined adaptive threshold",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Ivaylo I Christov"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": "CC BY"... |
PMC516784 | # Background
There is considerable interest in the literature on disease mapping to interpolate estimates of disease occurrence or risk of disease from a regional database onto a continuous surface. In addition to many interpolation techniques available the geostatistical method of kriging has been used but also criti... | # Background
As with the analysis of any set of data, it is always good practice to begin by producing and inspecting graphs. A feel for the data can then be obtained and any outstanding features identified. In spatial epidemiology this is called disease mapping. Bithel [CIT_REF], Diggle [CIT_REF] and Lawson [CIT_REF]... | {
"pmid": "15333131",
"doi": "10.1186/1476-072X-3-18",
"article_title": "Exploratory disease mapping: kriging the spatial risk function from regional count data",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-26 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Olaf Berke"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": "C... |
PMC516785 | # Background
It has been documented that nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and authentic peroxynitrite are capable of promoting apoptosis in a number of different cell types. Various endonucleases have been proposed as candidates responsible for the internucleosomal cleavage of the genomic DNA observe... | # Background
In its response to tissue damage and inflammation induced by a variety of xenobiotics, endotoxins and disease states (such as viral hepatitis), post-ischemic and regenerative injury, the liver produces a large quantity of nitric oxide (NO). Nearly all cell types in liver tissue, including hepatocytes, Kup... | {
"pmid": "15339333",
"doi": "10.1186/1476-5926-3-6",
"article_title": "Sodium nitroprusside and peroxynitrite effect on hepatic DNases: an in vitro and in vivo study",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-31 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Gordana Kocic",
"Dusica Pavlovic",
"Radmila Pavlovic",
"G... |
PMC516791 | # Background
Oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells are capable of synthesizing complement inhibitor proteins. Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to complement attack, which is particularly observed in multiple sclerosis. This vulnerability may be related to a deficiency in their ability ... | # Background
Resident brain cells including oligodendrocytes [CIT_REF], astrocytes, astrocytomas, microglia, glioblastomas [CIT_REF], neurons [CIT_REF], neuroblastomas [CIT_REF] and endothelial cells [CIT_REF] express mRNAs for complement proteins. Although the role of complement expression by these cells remains uncl... | {
"pmid": "15327690",
"doi": "10.1186/1742-2094-1-17",
"article_title": "Human oligodendroglial cells express low levels of C1 inhibitor and membrane cofactor protein mRNAs",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-24 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Masato Hosokawa",
"Andis Klegeris",
"Patrick L McGeer"
... |
PMC516800 | # Background
The information theoretic concept of mutual information provides a general framework to evaluate dependencies between variables. In the context of the clustering of genes with similar patterns of expression it has been suggested as a general quantity of similarity to extend commonly used linear measures. ... | # Background
The evaluation of the complex regulatory networks underlying molecular processes poses a major challenge to current research. With modern experimental methods in the field of gene expression, it is possible to monitor mRNA abundance for whole genomes [CIT_REF]. To elucidate the functional relationships in... | {
"pmid": "15339346",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-118",
"article_title": "Estimating mutual information using B-spline functions – an improved similarity measure for analysing gene expression data",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-31 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Carsten O Daub",
"Ralf Steuer",
... |
PMC517493 | # Background
Conserved protein sequence motifs are short stretches of amino acid sequence patterns that potentially encode the function of proteins. Several sequence pattern searching algorithms and programs exist foridentifying candidate protein motifs at the whole genome level. However, amuch needed and importanttas... | # Background
With the completion of many genome sequencing projects and advances in the methods of automatic discovery of sequence patterns (see Brazma [CIT_REF] and Brejova et al [CIT_REF] for reviews), it is now possible to search or discover protein sequence motifs at the genome level. If one regards protein sequen... | {
"pmid": "15345032",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-122",
"article_title": "Automatic annotation of protein motif function with Gene Ontology terms",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-02 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Xinghua Lu",
"Chengxiang Zhai",
"Vanathi Gopalakrishnan",
"Bruce G Buchanan"
... |
PMC517494 | # Background
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and rely upon the host cell for different steps in their life cycles. The characterization of cellular genes required for virus infection and/or cell killing will be essential for understanding viral life cycles, and may provide cellular targets for new antivir... | # Background
Viruses as obligate intracellular parasites rely upon the host cell for different steps in their life cycle, including attachment, disassembly, transcription, translation, reassembly, and egress. Consequently, characterization of these cellular processes will be essential for any understanding of viral li... | {
"pmid": "15333144",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2121-5-32",
"article_title": "Mutations in the IGF-II pathway that confer resistance to lytic reovirus infection",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jinsong Sheng",
"Edward L Organ",
"Chuanming Hao",
"K Sam Wells",
... |
PMC517495 | # Background
A frequent observation in molecular evolution is that amino-acid substitution rates show an index of dispersion (that is, ratio of variance to mean) substantially larger than one. This observation has been termed the overdispersed molecular clock. On the basis of in silico protein-evolution experiments, B... | # Background
Kimura has argued that the majority of nucleotide substitutions that accumulate in genes over time are selectively neutral, and go to fixation purely by chance [CIT_REF]. One major prediction of Kimura's neutral theory is that the substitution process should be a Poisson process, with the mean number of s... | {
"pmid": "15333142",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2156-5-25",
"article_title": "Molecular clock in neutral protein evolution",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Claus O Wilke"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": "CC BY"
} |
PMC517501 | # Background
Deletions in the long arm of chromosome 11 are observed in a subgroup of advanced stage neuroblastomas with poor outcome. The deleted region harbours the tumour suppressor gene SDHD that is frequently mutated in paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma, which are, like neuroblastoma, tumours originating from th... | # Background
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent extra-cranial solid tumour in children, originating from immature neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system [CIT_REF]. The tumours show remarkable differences in clinical presentation ranging from localized to highly metastatic. Although age and clinical ... | {
"pmid": "15331017",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2407-4-55",
"article_title": "No evidence for involvement of SDHD in neuroblastoma pathogenesis",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-24 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Katleen De Preter",
"Jo Vandesompele",
"Jasmien Hoebeeck",
"Caroline Vandenbroecke",
... |
PMC517504 | # Background
RNA interference (RNAi) in animals and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants are related phenomena whose functions include the developmental regulation of gene expression and protection from transposable elements and viruses. Plant viruses respond by expressing suppressor proteins that inte... | # Background
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which the introduction of dsRNAs into cells leads to inactivation of expression of genes containing homologous sequences by sequence-specific degradation of mRNA (for reviews see [CIT_REF]). RNAi has been observed in a variety of organisms, including fruit fly, nema... | {
"pmid": "15331016",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6750-4-18",
"article_title": "Heterologous expression of plant virus genes that suppress post-transcriptional gene silencing results in suppression of RNA interference in Drosophila cells",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-25 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Brian... |
PMC517505 | # Background
Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are considered the next generation of clinical data network. They open the possibility for capturing clinical data in a prehospital setting (e.g., a patient's home) using various devices, such as personal digital assistants, laptops, digital electrocardiogram (EKG) mac... | # Background
The development of the Internet has encouraged doctors to use computers and hospitals to use wireless communications [CIT_REF], since wireless technology offers many benefits over its wired counterpart, including ease of installation and access to network information [CIT_REF], and higher productivity and... | {
"pmid": "15339336",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6947-4-12",
"article_title": "Wireless local area network in a prehospital environment",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-31 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Dongquan Chen",
"Seng-jaw Soong",
"Gary J Grimes",
"Helmuth F Orthner"
],
"article_type": ... |
PMC517507 | # Background
Brugia malayi is endemic in several Asian countries with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. Determination of prevalence of lymphatic filariasis by serology has been performed by various investigators using different kinds of antigen (either soluble worm antigen preparations or recombinant antigens). Thi... | # Background
Lymphatic filariasis affects approximately 120 million people worldwide. Ten percent of these infections are attributed to Brugia malayi and Brugia timori [CIT_REF]. Thick blood smear examination is the routine parasitological method used for diagnosis and prevalence studies in the Brugia endemic countrie... | {
"pmid": "15307892",
"doi": "10.1186/1475-2883-3-8",
"article_title": "Comparison of IgG4 assays using whole parasite extract and BmR1 recombinant antigen in determining antibody prevalence in brugian filariasis",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-12 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Rahmah Noordin",
"S... |
PMC517509 | # Background
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) plays a key role in the transcriptional activation of genes that encode xenobiotic/steroid and drug metabolizing enzymes.
# Results
The expression of CAR mRNA throughout the circadian rhythm is reported for the first time in phase with the clock gene Bma... | # Background
The superfamily of nuclear hormone receptor comprises a group of transcription factors that play significant roles in response to a number of biological regulators. In addition to the pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), the constitutive androstane receptor [CIT_REF] (CAR, NR1I3) plays a role in the transcri... | {
"pmid": "15333129",
"doi": "10.1186/1478-1336-2-6",
"article_title": "Diurnal difference in CAR mRNA expression",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-28 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Yuichiro Kanno",
"Satoshi Otsuka",
"Takuya Hiromasa",
"Takayuki Nakahama",
"Yoshio Inouye"
],
"article... |
PMC517510 | Fay, Pfeiffer, Cronin, Le, and Feuer (Statistics in Medicine 2003; 22; 1837–1848) developed a formula to calculate the age-conditional probability of developing a disease for the first time (ACPDvD) for a hypothetical cohort. The novelty of the formula of Fay et al (2003) is that one need not know the rates of first in... | # Background
Fay, Pfeiffer, Cronin, Le, and Feuer [CIT_REF] showed how to calculate the age-conditional probabilities of developing a disease (ACPDvD) from registry data. Throughout this paper we use "cancer" as our disease of interest, but the method applies to specific types of cancer as well as other diseases where... | {
"pmid": "15279675",
"doi": "10.1186/1478-7954-2-6",
"article_title": "Estimating age conditional probability of developing disease from surveillance data",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Michael P Fay"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": "CC ... |
PMC517511 | # Background
A vaccine that elicits durable, powerful anti-HIV immunity remains an elusive goal. In these studies we tested whether multiple treatments with viral vector-delivered HIV envelope antigen (gp120), with and without IL-15, could help to approach that goal. For this purpose, we used recombinant Tag-deleted S... | # Introduction
The development of an effective vaccine against HIV has been hindered by a variety of problems. The high mutation rate of the virus itself is such that it represents a moving antigenic target during the course of an infection [CIT_REF]. Furthermore, HLA-A and-B expression is directly downregulated by HI... | {
"pmid": "15324456",
"doi": "10.1186/1479-0556-2-10",
"article_title": "Durable cytotoxic immune responses against gp120 elicited by recombinant SV40 vectors encoding HIV-1 gp120 ± IL-15",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-23 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hayley J McKee",
"Patricia Y T'sao",
"Ma... |
PMC517512 | # Background
Very little is known about the correlates of adoption and maintenance of vigorous exercise. The purpose of this study was to understand the sociodemographic correlates of exercise adoption and maintenance in a community sample.
# Methods
917 women and 229 men completed annual surveys as part of a commun... | # Background
Vigorous exercise is considered one of the key-components of a healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular fitness. Higher levels of exercise are associated with lower risks of hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, colon cancer, coronary heart disease, depression, anxiety, and has been shown to enhance weight co... | {
"pmid": "15341656",
"doi": "10.1186/1479-5868-1-13",
"article_title": "Predictors of vigorous exercise adoption and maintenance over four years in a community sample",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-01 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Kerri N Boutelle",
"Robert W Jeffery",
"Simone A French"
]... |
PMC517617 | # Background
The current progress in sequencing projects calls for rapid, reliable and accurate function assignments of gene products. A variety of methods has been designed to annotate sequences on a large scale. However, these methods can either only be applied for specific subsets, or their results are not formalis... | # Background
Ongoing genome sequencing and recent developments in cDNA sequencing projects have led to an exponential rise in the amount of sequence information. This has increased the need for acquiring knowledge from sequences as to their biological function. Annotating a single sequence is the gateway to interpreti... | {
"pmid": "15333146",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-116",
"article_title": "Applying Support Vector Machines for Gene ontology based gene function prediction",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-26 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Arunachalam Vinayagam",
"Rainer König",
"Jutta Moormann",
"Falk Schu... |
PMC517704 | # Background
A decrease in pulmonary surfactant has been suggested to contribute to the lung dysfunction associated with pulmonary inflammation. A number of studies have implicated surfactant clearance as a possible mechanism for altered pool sizes. The objective of the current study was to specifically investigate th... | # Background
Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid-protein complex that lines the inner surface of the lung and is essential for normal pulmonary function. Surfactant acts to promote lung stability by reducing surface tension within the lung, while also protecting against inhaled pathogens. Surfactant is composed of ... | {
"pmid": "15357882",
"doi": "10.1186/1465-9921-5-8",
"article_title": "In vivo clearance of surfactant lipids during acute pulmonary inflammation.",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-23 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jaret L Malloy",
"Jo Rae Wright"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"licen... |
PMC517705 | # Rationale
Inhaled side-stream tobacco smoke brings in all of its harmful components impairing mechanisms that protect the airways and lungs. Chronic respiratory health consequences are a complex multi-step silent process. By the time clinical manifestations require medical attention, several structural and functiona... | # Background
Respiratory diseases, infectious and non-infectious, are a prime cause of morbidity, mortality and health system utilization in many countries. Exposure to cigarette smoke is an important factor in causing as well as increasing complications in several pulmonary disorders. The mucociliary clearance consti... | {
"pmid": "15357881",
"doi": "10.1186/1465-9921-5-9",
"article_title": "Adaptation of an amphibian mucociliary clearance model to evaluate early effects of tobacco smoke exposure",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"J Gustavo Zayas",
"Darryl W O'Brien",
"Shusheng T... |
PMC517707 | # Background
An important challenge for transcript counting methods such as Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), "Digital Northern" or Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS), is to carry out statistical analyses that account for the within-class variability, i.e., variability due to the intrinsic biologi... | # Background
An important challenge in Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) [CIT_REF] analysis is the decision whether a gene is differentially expressed between two classes, for example tumoral vs. normal classes. In statistical terms, this essential step is to test the null hypothesis H_{0}: "gene has no differ... | {
"pmid": "15339345",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-119",
"article_title": "Bayesian model accounting for within-class biological variability in Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE)",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-31 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Ricardo ZN Vêncio",
"Helena Brentani",
"Dio... |
PMC517708 | # Background
Analysis of DNA microarray data usually begins with a normalization step where intensities of different arrays are adjusted to the same scale so that the intensity levels from different arrays can be compared with one other. Both simple total array intensity-based as well as more complex "local intensity ... | # Background
DNA microarray technology is now playing an increasingly important role in biomedical research. Microarray technology gives one the opportunity to measure gene expression levels of thousands to tens of thousands of genes simultaneously, in order to study the differential gene expression pattern between di... | {
"pmid": "15345033",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-121",
"article_title": "SED, a normalization free method for DNA microarray data analysis",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-02 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Huajun Wang",
"Hui Huang"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": "CC B... |
PMC517711 | # Background
The primary sensory cortex (S1) in the postcentral gyrus is comprised of four areas that each contain a body map, where the representation of the hand is located with the thumb most laterally, anteriorly and inferiorly and the little finger most medially, posteriorly and superiorly. Previous studies on so... | # Background
The first somatotopic maps of the homuncular organisation of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) were established in 1937 by using intra-operative electrical stimulation of the brain surface [CIT_REF]. Subsequent, non-invasive investigations in humans on the hand representation in S1 have described a so... | {
"pmid": "15320953",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2202-5-28",
"article_title": "Fingersomatotopy in area 3b: an fMRI-study",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Danielle van Westen",
"Peter Fransson",
"Johan Olsrud",
"Birgitta Rosén",
"Göran Lundborg",
"Elna-Ma... |
PMC517712 | # Background
In many countries breeding programs for resistance to scrapie in sheep are established. Therefore, the demand on genotyping capacities of the polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (prnp) relevant to presently known disease associations and EU regulations is steadily increasing. Most published typing met... | # Background
Scrapie is a contagious prion disease [CIT_REF] of sheep and goat. In contrast to BSE, there is no evidence for a transmission to humans. Nevertheless, BSE is experimentally transmittable to sheep and the resulting disease can not be distinguished from scrapie [CIT_REF]. Even though BSE has not been found... | {
"pmid": "15345029",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2334-4-30",
"article_title": "A robust, low-to medium-throughput prnp genotyping system in sheep",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-02 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Johannes Buitkamp",
"Jördis Semmer"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_ki... |
PMC517713 | # Background
To assess the economic aspects of HBV (hepatitis B virus) transmission prevention for premarriage individuals in a country with cultural backgrounds like Iran and intermediate endemicity of HBV infection.
# Methods
A cost-effectiveness analysis model was used from the health care system and society pers... | # Background
Hepatitis B is an important health problem and a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 30% of the world population (1.8 billion people) have the serologic evidence of HBV infection of whom 350 million are estimated to suffer from chronic HBV (hep... | {
"pmid": "15347430",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2334-4-31",
"article_title": "An economic analysis of premarriage prevention of hepatitis B transmission in Iran",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-04 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Peyman Adibi",
"Mohammadreza Rezailashkajani",
"Delnaz Roshandel",
"... |
PMC517715 | # Background
Despite the sophisticated cross sectional image techniques currently available, a number of biliary stenosis or obstructions remain of an uncertain nature. In these pathological conditions, an "intrinsic" parietal alteration is the cause of biliary obstruction and it is very difficult to differentiate ben... | # Background
Bile duct dilatation and increasing jaundice are often onset symptoms of a number of either malignant or benign pathological conditions.
In most cases, common cross-sectional imaging techniques such as ultrasonography (US) or spiral-CT or cholangio-pancreatico-biliary magnetic resonance (MRCP) are highly... | {
"pmid": "15329152",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2342-4-3",
"article_title": "Histologic assessment of biliary obstruction with different percutaneous endoluminal techniques",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-25 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Michele Rossi",
"Vito Cantisani",
"Filippo Maria Salvatori",... |
PMC517717 | # Background
Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the HER2 receptor is currently being used in breast and other tumor types. Early studies have shown that a variable proportion of cervical carcinoma tumors overexpress the HER2 receptor as evaluated by diverse techniques and antibodies. Currently it is ... | # Background
Cervical carcinoma is a leading cause of death in women of reproductive age worldwide, particularly in developing countries. While curable in early stages, the treatment results of locally advanced disease are unsatisfactory. The current standard of treatment-cisplatin-based chemoradiation-fails to cure a... | {
"pmid": "15341668",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2407-4-59",
"article_title": "HER2 expression in cervical cancer as a potential therapeutic target",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-01 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Alma Chavez-Blanco",
"Victor Perez-Sanchez",
"Aurora Gonzalez-Fierro",
"Teresa Vel... |
PMC517718 | # Background
Enteral feeding of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is a challenge, since metabolic demands are high and administration of enteral nutrition is limited by immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract. The amino acid glutamine plays an important role in maintaining functional integrity of the gut. In addit... | # Background
Enteral feeding of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is a challenge, since metabolic demands are high and administration of enteral nutrition is limited by immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, small for gestational age VLBW infants may have impaired gut function, as fetal blood flow... | {
"pmid": "15341667",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2431-4-17",
"article_title": "Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in very low birth weight infants. Design of a double-blind randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN73254583]",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-01 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Anemone van den Berg",... |
PMC517722 | # Background
The demonstration of tissue-bound immunoreactants by direct immunofluorescence microscopy (DIF) is a valuable parameter in the diagnosis of various autoimmune and immunecomplex-mediated skin diseases. For preservation of tissue-bound immunoreactants, biopsies are usually fresh-frozen in liquid nitrogen or... | # Background
The demonstration of tissue-bound immunoreactants by direct immunofluorescence microscopy (DIF) is a valuable parameter in the diagnosis of various autoimmune skin diseases[CIT_REF]. Reliable diagnosis by DIF not only requires an experienced observer, but first of all proper skin (or mucosal) biopsies wit... | {
"pmid": "15333135",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-5945-4-10",
"article_title": "Enhanced diagnostic immunofluorescence using biopsies transported in saline",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Robert M Vodegel",
"Marcelus CJM de Jong",
"Hillegonda J Meijer",
"Marijn B... |
PMC517723 | # Background
The native annual tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, is found primarily in large ephemeral populations (typically for less than 3 growing seasons) after fires in sagebrush and pinyon-juniper ecosystems and in small persistent populations (for many growing seasons) in isolated washes typically along roadsides t... | # Background
Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex Watson (Solanaceae) (synonymous with N. torreyana Nelson and Macbr.) is an annual native to the Great Basin Desert of California, Nevada, Idaho, and Utah (USA) [CIT_REF] and primarily occurs in large ephemeral populations (typically for less than 3 growing seasons) after fire ... | {
"pmid": "15350209",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6785-4-12",
"article_title": "ISSR and AFLP analysis of the temporal and spatial population structure of the post-fire annual, Nicotiana attenuata, in SW Utah",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-06 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Rahul A Bahulikar",
"Dominic S... |
PMC517726 | # Background
Many arrhythmias are triggered by abnormal electrical activity at the ionic channel and cell level, and then evolve spatio-temporally within the heart. To understand arrhythmias better and to diagnose them more precisely by their ECG waveforms, a whole-heart model is required to explore the association be... | # Background
Arrhythmias, a significant direct cause of death in heart diseases, are emergent and evolvable events that come with little prior warnings and allow limited response time [CIT_REF]. Although ECG waveforms – the mapping of body surface potentials of cardiac cells – have routinely been used to diagnose arrh... | {
"pmid": "15339335",
"doi": "10.1186/1475-925X-3-29",
"article_title": "Facilitating arrhythmia simulation: the method of quantitative cellular automata modeling and parallel running",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-30 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hao Zhu",
"Yan Sun",
"Gunaretnam Rajagopal",... |
PMC517727 | # Background
Previous reports have indicated an excess of leukaemia in Broome County, New York, particularly in the Town of Union. Surveillance of cancer incidence data indicates that a large proportion of these cases occurred among males ages 65 and older. Shoe and boot manufacturing has been the largest single indus... | # Background
A number of previous reports have indicated an excess of leukaemia in Broome County, New York, particularly in the Town of Union [CIT_REF]. The Broome County Health Department in conjunction with the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) conducted a study of cancer incidence among residents of seve... | {
"pmid": "15339334",
"doi": "10.1186/1476-069X-3-7",
"article_title": "Leukaemia incidence among workers in the shoe and boot manufacturing industry: a case-control study",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-30 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Steven P Forand"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"l... |
PMC517728 | # Background
One of the primary causes of otitis media (OM), an inflammation of the middle ear, is the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae (HI). OM often occurs to young children, and is mostly treated with antibiotics. Due to concerns over bacterial resistance toward antibiotics, reliable prophylactic treatments such as... | # Background
Otitis media (OM) is an inflammation of the middle ear, often seen in children younger than six year of age. OM is caused by infection of nasopharyngeal cells by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae (HI). Complications of OM include permanent hearing loss and perforation of the tympanic membrane.
General... | {
"pmid": "15347424",
"doi": "10.1186/1476-511X-3-20",
"article_title": "Polyphosphoinositides suppress the adhesion of Haemophilus influenzae to pharyngeal cells",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-03 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jim-Wen R Liu",
"Steve N Anderson",
"Jonathan A Meulbroek",
"... |
PMC517729 | # Background
Australian burden of disease estimates appeared inconsistent with the reported repetitive and ubiquitous nature of dental problems. The aims of the study were to measure the nature, severity and duration of symptoms for specific oral conditions, and calculate disability weights from these measures.
# Met... | # Background
Although dental problems are widespread in number and impose a large burden on society in terms of lost production, pain and suffering, and health expenditure there is a tendency to underestimate their importance due to the generally non-fatal nature of most oral diseases and complacency arising from ackn... | {
"pmid": "15345059",
"doi": "10.1186/1478-7954-2-7",
"article_title": "Disability weights for the burden of oral disease in South Australia",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-03 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"David S Brennan",
"A John Spencer"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_ki... |
PMC517808 | We studied the action of sodium metabisulphite on mucociliary transport in a frog palate epithelial injury model, hypothesizing that it may be useful for the study of mechanisms of airway injury. Sodium metabisulphite (MB) releases SO_{2} on contact with water. SO_{2} is a pollutant in automobile fumes and may play a r... | # Background
Particle clearance in the airways is dependant on mucus and cilia [CIT_REF]. The cilia beat frequency, mucus secretion rate and the properties of mucus are variables important in normal and effective mucociliary clearance [CIT_REF]. However, the study of mucociliary clearance in intact mammalian airways i... | {
"pmid": "15357883",
"doi": "10.1186/1465-9921-5-10",
"article_title": "A mechanism of airway injury in an epithelial model of mucociliary clearance",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-24 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Darryl W O'Brien",
"Melanie I Morris",
"Jie Ding",
"J Gustavo Zayas",
... |
PMC517823 | The signal recognition particle (SRP) mediates the cotranslational targeting of nascent proteins to the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum membrane or the bacterial plasma membrane. During this process, two GTPases, one in SRP and one in the SRP receptor (named Ffh and FtsY in bacteria, respectively), form a complex in w... | # Introduction
GTPases comprise a superfamily of proteins that provide molecular switches to regulate many cellular processes, including translation, signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization, vesicle transport, nuclear transport, and spindle assembly [CIT_REF]. In many cases, the GTPases exert their regulatory f... | {
"pmid": "15383838",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020320",
"article_title": "Mechanism of Association and Reciprocal Activation of Two GTPases",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-09-21 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Shu-ou Shan",
"Robert M Stroud",
"Peter Walter"
],
"article_type": ... |
PMC517824 | Abundant nonfibrillar oligomeric intermediates are a common feature of amyloid formation, and these oligomers, rather than the final fibers, have been suggested to be the toxic species in some amyloid diseases. Whether such oligomers are critical intermediates for fiber assembly or form in an alternate, potentially sep... | # Introduction
Many proteins of diverse sequences, structures, and functions form morphologically similar β-sheet–rich fibrillar aggregates commonly referred to as amyloid [CIT_REF]. Amyloid formation is associated with a range of disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and... | {
"pmid": "15383837",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020321",
"article_title": "Mechanism of Prion Propagation: Amyloid Growth Occurs by Monomer Addition",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-09-21 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Sean R Collins",
"Adam Douglass",
"Ronald D Vale",
"Jonatha... |
PMC517826 | Making choices is a fundamental aspect of human life. For over a century experimental economists have characterized the decisions people make based on the concept of a utility function. This function increases with increasing desirability of the outcome, and people are assumed to make decisions so as to maximize utilit... | # Introduction
In real world situations we often have to choose between possible actions that lead to different outcomes. To provide a computational framework for such a decision process, the notion of a utility function is often used [CIT_REF]. A utility function assigns to each possible action a number that specifie... | {
"pmid": "15383835",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020330",
"article_title": "A Neuroeconomics Approach to Inferring Utility Functions in Sensorimotor Control",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-09-21 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Konrad P Körding",
"Izumi Fukunaga",
"Ian S Howard",
... |
PMC517923 | # Background
High prevalence rates for rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus have been described in American Indian and Alaskan Native adults. The impact of these diseases on American Indian children has not been investigated.
# Methods
We used International Classification of D... | # Background
As a group, the rheumatic diseases of childhood represent one of the most common chronic disease conditions in children [CIT_REF]. These illnesses have global distribution [CIT_REF], but little information exists regarding either prevalence or phenotypic expression of these diseases in children in any pop... | {
"pmid": "15333136",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2474-5-30",
"article_title": "Chronic arthritis in children and adolescents in two Indian health service user populations",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Joyce Mauldin",
"H Dan Cameron",
"Diane Jeanotte",
"Glenn S... |
PMC517928 | # Background
Peach is being developed as a model organism for Rosaceae, an economically important family that includes fruits and ornamental plants such as apple, pear, strawberry, cherry, almond and rose. The genomics and genetics data of peach can play a significant role in the gene discovery and the genetic underst... | # Background
In the United States and temperate regions throughout the world, the family Rosaceae ranks third in economic importance. The most important fruit producing crops include apple (Malus), pear (Pyrus), raspberries/blackberries (Rubus), strawberries (Fragaria), and stone fruits (Prunus) such as peach/nectarin... | {
"pmid": "15357877",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-130",
"article_title": "GDR (G enome D atabase for R osaceae): integrated web resources for Rosaceae genomics and genetics research",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-09 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Sook Jung",
"Christopher Jesudurai",
"Margaret... |
PMC517931 | # Background
The inferior colliculus, which receives almost all ascending and descending auditory signals, plays a crucial role in the processing of auditory information. While the majority of the recorded activities in the inferior colliculus are attributed to GABAergic and glutamatergic signalling, other neurotransm... | # Background
Sounds are first converted into neuronal signals in the inner ear and then conveyed to the cerebral cortex via a number of discrete brain areas including the inferior colliculus. Each of these areas receives ascending pathways carrying signals from one or both ears and descending pathways from higher brai... | {
"pmid": "15353008",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2202-5-31",
"article_title": "Opioid modulation of GABA release in the rat inferior colliculus",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-07 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Walaiporn Tongjaroenbungam",
"Nopporn Jongkamonwiwat",
"Joanna Cunningham",
"Pansiri P... |
PMC517937 | # Background
Non-invasive monitoring of respiratory muscle function is an area of increasing research interest, resulting in the appearance of new monitoring devices, one of these being piezoelectric contact sensors. The present study was designed to test whether the use of piezoelectric contact (non-invasive) sensors... | # Background
Non-invasive monitoring of respiratory function is an area of increasing research interest, resulting in the appearance of new monitoring devices [CIT_REF]. At present, the most utilised non-invasive method for continuous quantitative monitoring of breathing pattern is respiratory inductive plethysmograph... | {
"pmid": "15355545",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2466-4-8",
"article_title": "Non-Invasive monitoring of diaphragmatic timing by means of surface contact sensors: An experimental study in dogs",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-08 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"José Antonio Fiz",
"Raimon Jané",
"Abel T... |
PMC517938 | # Background
Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare but very aggressive variant of kidney carcinoma that arises from the epithelium of Bellini's ducts, in the distal portion of the nephron. In order to gain an insight into the biology of this tumor we evaluated the expression of five genes involved in the developme... | # Background
Renal cancer accounts for 3% of adult malignancies. An estimated 35,710 new cases are expected to occur in the U.S. in the current year and 12,480 patients will die of this disease [CIT_REF]. The majority of renal cancers arises from the proximal tubular epithelium, with a characteristic clear or granular... | {
"pmid": "15357873",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2490-4-11",
"article_title": "Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: an immunohistochemical study of 11 cases",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-09 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Andrea Vecchione",
"Tommaso Prayer Galetti",
"Marina Gardiman",
"Hide... |
PMC517939 | # Background
DNA extraction methods for PCR-quality DNA from calluses and plants are not time efficient, since they require that the tissues be ground in liquid nitrogen, followed by precipitation of the DNA pellet in ethanol, washing and drying the pellet, etc. The need for a rapid and simple procedure is urgent, esp... | # Background
Molecular biological studies of plants require high-quality DNA. Several DNA extraction procedures for isolating genomic DNA from various plant sources have been described, including the salt extraction method and the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method [CIT_REF] and its modifications [CIT_REF].... | {
"pmid": "15341663",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6750-4-20",
"article_title": "Rapid and reliable extraction of genomic DNA from various wild-type and transgenic plants",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-02 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Tae-Jin Kang",
"Moon-Sik Yang"
],
"article_type": "research-artic... |
PMC517942 | # Background
The plastic response of fine roots to a changing environment is suggested to affect the growth and form of a plant. Here we show that the plasticity of fine root growth may increase plant productivity based on an experiment using young seedlings (14-week old) of loblolly pine. We use two contrasting pine ... | # Background
The use of chemical fertilizers has been responsible for dramatic increase in the stem wood production of forest trees [CIT_REF]. In an 8-year-old stand of loblolly pine growing on an infertile site in Scotland County, North Carolina, for example, stem volume increment increased 152% after the fourth year... | {
"pmid": "15353004",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6785-4-14",
"article_title": "Phenotypic plasticity of fine root growth increases plant productivity in pine seedlings",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-07 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Rongling Wu",
"James E Grissom",
"Steven E McKeand",
"David M ... |
PMC517948 | # Background
Quantitative proteomic analyses have traditionally used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) for separation and characterisation of complex protein mixtures. Among the difficulties associated with this approach is the solubilisation of protein mixtures for isoelectric focusing (IEF). To find the opti... | # Background
During cell cycle progression different functional protein complexes associate with and dissociate from chromosomal DNA [CIT_REF]. We have taken a proteomic strategy to identify and then characterize proteins that are bound to chromatin at defined stages of the cell cycle in cell free extracts derived fro... | {
"pmid": "15357868",
"doi": "10.1186/1477-5956-2-6",
"article_title": "Optimisation of the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis protocol using the Taguchi approach",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-09 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Guennadi A Khoudoli",
"Iain M Porter",
"J Julian Blow",
"Jas... |
PMC517950 | # Background
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well characterized prostate-specific tumor associated antigen. Its expression is elevated in prostate carcinoma, particularly in metastatic and recurrent lesions. These observations suggest that PSMA can be used as immune target to induce tumor cell-specific ... | # Background
Carcinoma of prostate is the most common cancer in males in America, ranking as the second most common leading cause of cancer-related deaths, just after carcinoma of the lung. In addition, the incidence and mortality of carcinoma of prostate are increasing in China. Although surgery and radiation therapy... | {
"pmid": "15357867",
"doi": "10.1186/1479-5876-2-29",
"article_title": "Co-administration of a DNA vaccine encoding the prostate specific membrane antigen and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides suppresses tumor growth",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-09 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jiaqiang Ren",
"Li Zhe... |
PMC517951 | Sequence-based typing (SBT) is one of the most comprehensive methods utilized for HLA typing. However, one of the inherent problems with this typing method is the interpretation of ambiguous allele combinations which occur when two or more different allele combinations produce identical sequences. The purpose of this s... | # Introduction
The precise identification of HLA Class I and Class II alleles is critical for successful hematopoietic progenitor transplants, the development of peptide based viral and cancer vaccines, and investigating immune response [CIT_REF]. DNA sequencing is one of the most comprehensive methods available for H... | {
"pmid": "15363110",
"doi": "10.1186/1479-5876-2-30",
"article_title": "Ambiguous allele combinations in HLA Class I and Class II sequence-based typing: when precise nucleotide sequencing leads to imprecise allele identification",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Sharon... |
PMC517953 | # Background
It has been shown that transthyretin (TTR) exists in different molecular variants. Besides point mutations associated with different diseases such as amyloidosis, other posttranslational modifications occur that might be of diagnostic interest.
# Results
TTR levels as determined by ELISA in plasma and u... | # Background
Transthyretin (TTR, formerly called prealbumin) belongs to a group of proteins including thyroxine-binding globulin and albumin which bind and transport thyroid hormones in the blood. It is a single polypeptide chain of 127 amino acids (14 kDa) and is present in the plasma as a tetramer of non-covalently ... | {
"pmid": "15341658",
"doi": "10.1186/1477-5956-2-5",
"article_title": "Characterization of the microheterogeneity of transthyretin in plasma and urine using SELDI-TOF-MS immunoassay",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-01 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Florian J Schweigert",
"Kerstin Wirth",
"Jens... |
PMC518959 | # Background
Screening of various gene markers such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and correlation between these markers and development of multifactorial disease have previously been studied. Here, we propose a susceptible marker-selectable artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting development of allerg... | # Background
In recent years, the number of patients suffering from allergic asthma has increased [CIT_REF], and allergic diseases including asthma have become a social problem affecting medical costs and quality of life. Allergic asthma is a complex disorder characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperrespon... | {
"pmid": "15339344",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-120",
"article_title": "Artificial neural network approach for selection of susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms and construction of prediction model on childhood allergic asthma",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-01 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"... |
PMC518960 | # Background
The expression of NDRG1 gene is induced by nickel, a transition metal sharing similar physical properties to cobalt. Nickel may create hypoxia-like conditions in cells and induce hypoxia-responsive genes, as does cobalt. Therefore NDRG1 is likely to be another gene induced by hypoxia. HIF-1 is a transcrip... | # Background
Cancer is a leading cause of death in humans, and current studies in the clinical area focus on either the early detection of this disease or on the development of new selective treatment tools. New tumour markers can provide aid in cancer diagnosis and create novel treatment opportunities.
Ndrg1, also n... | {
"pmid": "15341671",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2156-5-27",
"article_title": "Hypoxia upregulates the expression of the NDRG1 gene leading to its overexpression in various human cancers",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-02 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hakan Cangul"
],
"article_type": "research-article"... |
PMC518961 | # Background
DNA repair genes encode proteins that protect organisms against genetic damage generated by environmental agents and by-products of cell metabolism. The importance of these genes in life maintenance is supported by their high conservation, and the presence of duplications of such genes may be easily trace... | # Background
The availability of complete genome sequences from different organisms makes it possible to identify, by similarity, potential homologs of genes that have been experimentally tested in other living beings, resulting in the recognition of putative functions for the proteins encoded by them. This research c... | {
"pmid": "15333143",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2148-4-29",
"article_title": "Different patterns of evolution for duplicated DNA repair genes in bacteria of the Xanthomonadales group",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Marinalva Martins-Pinheiro",
"Rodrigo S Galhardo",
... |
PMC518962 | # Background
While the pathogenesis and epidemiology of tuberculosis are well studied, relatively little is known about the evolution of the infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially at the within-host level. The insertion sequence IS 6110 is a genetic marker that is widely used to track the transmission... | # Background
How actively do populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells undergo adaptive evolution on the spatial and temporal scales of individual infections? On the one hand, the long generation time and limited sequence diversity of this organism might suggest a slow pace of adaptive evolution. On the other ha... | {
"pmid": "15355550",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2148-4-31",
"article_title": "Evidence for positive selection on Mycobacterium tuberculosis within patients",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-09 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Mark M Tanaka"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": "CC BY"
} |
PMC518963 | # Background
Mycoplasma hominis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, bacterial vaginosis, post partum fever, sepsis and infections of the central nervous system often leading to serious conditions. Association with development of female infertility has also been suggested, but different publications present... | # Background
Mycoplasmas are the smallest living prokaryotes known, capable of self-replication. They belong to the class Mollicutes and are distinguished phenotypically from other bacteria by their minute size and lack of a cell wall. Genetically they differ by having a small genome size and low G+C content {1} [CIT_... | {
"pmid": "15350196",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2180-4-35",
"article_title": "Development of real-time PCR for detection of Mycoplasma hominis",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-06 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Agata Baczynska",
"Helle F Svenstrup",
"Jens Fedder",
"Svend Birkelund",
"Gunna Ch... |
PMC518965 | # Background
The molecular basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) induced pathology is still largely unclear. Many SARS patients suffer respiratory distress brought on by interstitial infiltration and frequently show peripheral blood lymphopenia and occasional leucopenia. One possible caus... | # Background
The causative agent for SARS has been identified as a novel coronavirus [CIT_REF] with genome sequence revealing no strong homology to existing known coronaviruses [CIT_REF]. Coronaviruses belong to the family of enveloped viruses called Coronaviridae, and have the largest known single-stranded viral RNA ... | {
"pmid": "15357874",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2334-4-34",
"article_title": "A human in vitro model system for investigating genome-wide host responses to SARS coronavirus infection",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-09 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Lisa FP Ng",
"Martin L Hibberd",
"Eng-Eong Ooi",
... |
PMC518968 | # Background
Mutations of the BRAF gene are the most common genetic alteration in melanoma. Moreover, BRAF mutations are already present in benign nevi. Being overexpressed and mutated, B-Raf is a potential target for the immune system and as this mutation seems to be an early event, a humoral immune response against ... | # Background
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is responsible for 1% of all malignant tumors with a rising incidence in the Caucasian population [CIT_REF]. Initial diagnosis is based on asymmetry, border regularity, multiple colours, diameter as well as elevation of the pigmented lesion. However, it is sometimes difficult ... | {
"pmid": "15361259",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2407-4-62",
"article_title": "B-Raf specific antibody responses in melanoma patients",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-12 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Joachim Fensterle",
"Jürgen C Becker",
"Tamara Potapenko",
"Veronika Heimbach",
"Claudia S V... |
PMC518970 | # Background
Concerns regarding the privacy of health information are escalating owing both to the growing use of information technology to store and exchange data and to the increasing demand on the part of patients to control the use of their medical records. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Health Ca... | # Background
Health information privacy has come to the forefront of ethical concern in the early 21^{st} century [CIT_REF]. The advent of electronic health records, information technology, and large databases (such as administrative and genetic) with the potential for extensive linkages have raised concerns about the... | {
"pmid": "15361257",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6947-4-13",
"article_title": "Feasibility of a patient decision aid regarding disclosure of personal health information: qualitative evaluation of the Health Care Information Directive",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-10 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"C Shawn ... |
PMC518972 | # Background
Hospitals and regional health authorities must set priorities in the face of resource constraints. Decision-makers seek practical ways to set priorities fairly in strategic planning, but find limited guidance from the literature. Very little has been reported from the perspective of Board members and seni... | # Background
Hospitals and regional health authorities in Canada and elsewhere are facing significant resource allocation challenges. Priorities must be set among competing opportunities because demand for health care exceeds available resources. Board members and senior administrators are looking for practical ways t... | {
"pmid": "15355544",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6963-4-25",
"article_title": "Setting priorities in health care organizations: criteria, processes, and parameters of success",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-08 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jennifer L Gibson",
"Douglas K Martin",
"Peter A Singer"
... |
PMC518973 | # Background
Among human Salmonella Enteritidis infections, phage type 4 has been the dominant phage type in most countries in Western Europe during the last years. This is reflected in Salmonella infections among Swedish travellers returning from abroad. However, there are differences in phage type distribution betwe... | # Background
Salmonella Enteritidis is the most common serovar causing food-borne salmonellosis in humans, causing approximately 80% of salmonellosis cases reported in Europe [CIT_REF]. During the 80s and early 90s, a steady increase in S. Enteritidis infections was reported in Europe and North America [CIT_REF]. The ... | {
"pmid": "15345058",
"doi": "10.1186/1741-7015-2-32",
"article_title": "Emergence of new Salmonella Enteritidis phage types in Europe? Surveillance of infections in returning travellers",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-02 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Karin Nygård",
"Birgitta de Jong",
"Phili... |
PMC518975 | # Background
The development of software tools that analyze microarray data in the context of genetic knowledgebases is being pursued by multiple research groups using different methods. A common problem for many of these tools is how to correct for multiple statistical testing since simple corrections are overly cons... | # Background
With technological improvements and decreasing costs, microarrays are quickly becoming an affordable analytical tool for genetics analysis. Additionally, the arrays being used are of increasing spot density, allowing for more genes to be tested at once. One impact of the resulting increase in data flow is... | {
"pmid": "15350198",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-124",
"article_title": "Handling multiple testing while interpreting microarrays with the Gene Ontology Database",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-06 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Michael V Osier",
"Hongyu Zhao",
"Kei-Hoi Cheung"
],
"article... |
PMC518976 | # Background
Limb-salvage is a primary objective in the management of extremity soft-tissue sarcoma in adults and children. Wide-local excision combined with radiation therapy is effective in achieving local tumor control with acceptable morbidity and good functional outcomes for most patients.
# Case Presentation
T... | # Background
Limb-salvage is an important treatment objective for adults and children with extremity soft tissue sarcoma and often requires the use of limited surgery and irradiation [CIT_REF]. Limiting the extent of resection balances the need for radical excision with the need to preserve the functional and structur... | {
"pmid": "15333137",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2407-4-57",
"article_title": "Valgus and varus deformity after wide-local excision, brachytherapy and external beam irradiation in two children with lower extremity synovial cell sarcoma: case report",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-27 00:00:00",
"authors": ... |
PMC518999 | Short DNA sequences from a standardized region of the genome provide a DNA barcode for identifying species. Compiling a public library of DNA barcodes linked to named specimens could provide a new master key for identifying species, one whose power will rise with increased taxon coverage and with faster, cheaper sequen... | # Introduction
The use of nucleotide sequence differences in a single gene to investigate evolutionary relationships was first widely applied by Carl Woese [CIT_REF]. He recognized that sequence differences in a conserved gene, ribosomal RNA, could be used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Sequence comparisons of r... | {
"pmid": "15455034",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020312",
"article_title": "Identification of Birds through DNA Barcodes",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-09-28 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Paul D. N Hebert",
"Mark Y Stoeckle",
"Tyler S Zemlak",
"Charles M Francis"
],
"arti... |
PMC519024 | # Background
Shear stress forces acting on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells following resection have been noted as a possible trigger in the early stages of hepatic regeneration. Thus, the morphology and gene expression of endothelial cells following partial hepatectomy or shear stress in vitro was studied.
# Resul... | # Background
Following partial hepatectomy (PHx) the remaining liver is transfused by normal blood volume, thereby exposing liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LECs) to excess hemodynamic forces. These forces have been noted as an early event leading to liver restoration in rats [CIT_REF]; however, the idea that quali... | {
"pmid": "15341660",
"doi": "10.1186/1476-5926-3-7",
"article_title": "Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell modulation upon resection and shear stress in vitro",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-01 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Filip Braet",
"Maria Shleper",
"Melia Paizi",
"Sergey Brodsky",
... |
PMC519027 | # Background
Primary care physicians are caring for increasing numbers of persons with comorbid chronic illness. Longitudinal information on health outcomes associated with specific chronic conditions may be particularly relevant in caring for these populations. Our objective was to assess the effect of certain comorb... | # Background
Comorbid chronic diseases are increasingly recognized as a significant factor in declining health. Of the 125 million Americans with chronic diseases, 48% are estimated to have at least one comorbidity, and 62% of persons over the age of 65 have two or more chronic illnesses.[CIT_REF] Approximately 25% of... | {
"pmid": "15353000",
"doi": "10.1186/1477-7525-2-47",
"article_title": "Predicting declines in physical function in persons with multiple chronic medical conditions: What we can learn from the medical problem list",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-07 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Elizabeth A Bayliss",... |
PMC519030 | # Background
Factor analysis is one of the most used statistical techniques to analyze the inter-relationships among symptoms reported by Gulf War veterans. The objective of this study was to apply factor analyses to binary symptom data from the UK study of Gulf War illness and the US Air Force study of Gulf War veter... | # Introduction
Reports that veterans of the 1991 Gulf War were suffering from unexplained signs and symptoms started to appear as early as one year after the conflict [CIT_REF]. Veterans complained of several symptoms including myalgia, arthralgia and debilitating fatigue, but no cause could be found. Over a decade la... | {
"pmid": "15347423",
"doi": "10.1186/1478-7954-2-8",
"article_title": "Dichotomous factor analysis of symptoms reported by UK and US veterans of the 1991 Gulf War",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-03 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Rosane Nisenbaum",
"Khalida Ismail",
"Simon Wessely",
"Cathe... |
PMC519033 | # Background
Magnetically marked capsules serve for the analysis of peristalsis and throughput times within the intestinal tract. Moreover, they can be used for the targeted disposal of drugs. The capsules get localized in time by field measurements with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetomet... | # Background
The transport of capsules in the alimentary tract underlies complex influencing factors like the patients peristalsis, the hydration and the form and size of the capsules. A procedure which allows the instantaneous localization of the capsules supports a number of patient examinations as well as examinati... | {
"pmid": "15341659",
"doi": "10.1186/1477-044X-2-6",
"article_title": "Simultaneous suppression of disturbing fields and localization of magnetic markers by means of multipole expansion",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-01 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Bernd Hilgenfeld",
"Jens Haueisen"
],
"ar... |
PMC520744 | # Background
Clustering is one of the most commonly used methods for discovering hidden structure in microarray gene expression data. Most current methods for clustering samples are based on distance metrics utilizing all genes. This has the effect of obscuring clustering in samples that may be evident only when looki... | # Background
Clustering is one of the most common methods for discovering hidden structure in micro-array gene expression data. Clustering of samples has been used to discover new disease taxonomies [CIT_REF]. Cluster analysis is often performed with hierarchical [CIT_REF], K-means [CIT_REF] or Self-Organizing Map [CI... | {
"pmid": "15355552",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-126",
"article_title": "Iterative class discovery and feature selection using Minimal Spanning Trees",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-08 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Sudhir Varma",
"Richard Simon"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"lice... |
PMC520745 | # Background
Among functional elements of a metazoan gene, enhancers are particularly difficult to find and annotate. Pioneering experiments in Drosophila have demonstrated the value of enhancer "trapping" using an invertebrate to address this functional genomics problem.
# Results
We modulated a Sleeping Beauty tra... | # Background
Human, mouse and rat genomes likely have less than 40 000 genes each [CIT_REF]. This is only two to three times as many genes as in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, and only six times as many as Saccharomyces cerevisiae [CIT_REF]. The increased complexity of vertebrates therefore can no... | {
"pmid": "15347431",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2164-5-62",
"article_title": "Enhancer trapping in zebrafish using the Sleeping Beauty transposon",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-03 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Darius Balciunas",
"Ann E Davidson",
"Sridhar Sivasubbu",
"Spencer B Hermanson",
... |
PMC520746 | # Background
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important microorganism for both industrial processes and scientific research. Consequently, there have been extensive efforts to characterize its cellular processes. In order to fully understand the relationship between yeast's genome and its physiology, the stock... | # Background
The development of numerous high-throughput experimental techniques such as DNA microarrays, genome sequencing, and protein chips has revolutionized the analysis of biological systems and generated a catalog of information about a cell's components [CIT_REF]. Efforts are now focused on the integration of ... | {
"pmid": "15355549",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2164-5-63",
"article_title": "Integrated analysis of metabolic phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-08 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Natalie C Duarte",
"Bernhard Ø Palsson",
"Pengcheng Fu"
],
"article_type": "res... |
PMC520748 | # Background
The pharmacological action of specific immunosuppressants is mediated by immunophilins. While cyclosporin A binds to cyclophilins, FK506/tacrolimus, rapamycin, and others bind to FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs). Different physiological actions of immunophilins were described but their genuine function, how... | # Background
The pharmacological action of cyclosporin A and FK506/tacrolimus is mediated by cytosolic immunophilins namely cyclophilin A and the FK506 binding protein 12 kDa (FKBP12). The drug immunophilin complex binds to and inhibits the protein phosphatase calcineurin thus preventing signal transduction in activat... | {
"pmid": "15353007",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2210-4-19",
"article_title": "The FK506 binding protein 13 kDa (FKBP13) interacts with the C-chain of complement C1q",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-07 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Holger Neye",
"Eugen J Verspohl"
],
"article_type": "research-articl... |
PMC520751 | # Background
The combination of spinal manipulation and various physiotherapeutic procedures used to correct the curvatures associated with scoliosis have been largely unsuccessful. Typically, the goals of these procedures are often to relax, strengthen, or stretch musculotendinous and/or ligamentous structures. In th... | # Background
In the MEDLINE-indexed literature, chiropractic treatment has shown to be largely ineffective at significantly reducing scoliotic curvatures. Chiropractic treatment for scoliosis typically consists of spinal manipulation, electric stimulation, some form of isotonic, active exercises, and shoe lifts [CIT_R... | {
"pmid": "15363104",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2474-5-32",
"article_title": "Scoliosis treatment using a combination of manipulative and rehabilitative therapy: a retrospective case series",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-14 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Mark W Morningstar",
"Dennis Woggon",
"Gary... |
PMC520753 | # Background
The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of Harpagophytum procumbens preparations in the treatment of various forms of musculoskeletal pain.
# Methods
Several databases and other sources were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, and... | # Background
Natives in the steppes of South and Southwest Africa use the secondary root tubers of Harpagophytum procumbens (H) for the treatment of various diseases, including musculoskeletal complaints. For more than half a century, various preparations from H have been continuously used in Europe and have become an... | {
"pmid": "15369596",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6882-4-13",
"article_title": "Harpgophytum procumbens for osteoarthritis and low back pain: A systematic review",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Joel J Gagnier",
"Sigrun Chrubasik",
"Eric Manheimer"
],
"article_typ... |
PMC520755 | # Background
Thousands of genes in a genomewide data set are tested against some null hypothesis, for detecting differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments. The expected proportion of false positive genes in a set of genes, called the False Discovery Rate (FDR), has been proposed to measure the statistica... | # Background
Microarrays are part of a new class of biotechnologies that allow the monitoring of the expression level of thousands of genes simultaneously. Among the applications of microarrays, an important task is the identification of differentially expressed genes, i.e genes whose expressions are associated with t... | {
"pmid": "15350197",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-125",
"article_title": "Determination of the differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments using local FDR",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-06 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"J Aubert",
"A Bar-Hen",
"J-J Daudin",
"S Robin"
],
"... |
PMC520810 | # Background
Research on olfactory G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been severely impeded by poor functional expression in heterologous systems. Previously, we demonstrated that inefficient olfactory receptor (OR) expression at the plasma membrane is attributable, in part, to degradation of endoplasmic reticulu... | # Background
The sense of smell originates in the olfactory epithelium when olfactory receptors (ORs), members of the seven transmembrane domain G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, bind odorant ligands [CIT_REF]. Despite identification of the first constituents of the ~1000 member OR superfamily over a deca... | {
"pmid": "15369603",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2121-5-34",
"article_title": "Endoplasmic reticulum degradation impedes olfactory G-protein coupled receptor functional expression",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Min Lu",
"Lena Staszewski",
"Fernando Echeverri",
... |
PMC520813 | # Background
Regulatory regions that function in DNA replication and gene transcription contain specific sequences that bind proteins as well as less-specific sequences in which the double helix is often easy to unwind. Progress towards predicting and characterizing regulatory regions could be accelerated by computer ... | # Background
Regulatory regions in DNA are comprised of multiple functional elements that act in cis to control transcription, replication and other biological processes. Types of cis-acting DNA elements include unique sequences that bind specific proteins, spacer elements that provide a proper distance for interactio... | {
"pmid": "15383143",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-134",
"article_title": "PATTERNFINDER: combined analysis of DNA regulatory sequences and double-helix stability",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-21 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Yanlin Huang",
"David Kowalski"
],
"article_type": "research-artic... |
PMC520814 | # Background
Recurrent non-random genomic alterations are the hallmarks of cancer and the characterization of these imbalances is critical to our understanding of tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
# Results
We performed array-comparative genomic hybridization (A-CGH) on cDNA microarrays containing 42,000 element... | # Background
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common pediatric solid tumors, and accounts for 7–10% of all childhood cancers. The prognosis of patients with NB varies according to the stage, age and MYCN amplification status. Stage 1 disease is essentially curable, whereas patients with stage 4 disease, in partic... | {
"pmid": "15380028",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2164-5-70",
"article_title": "cDNA array-CGH profiling identifies genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN-amplification in neuroblastoma",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Qing-Rong Chen",
"Sven Bilke",
"Jun S Wei... |
PMC520817 | # Background
Advanced ovarian cancer is the leading non-breast gynaecologic cause of malignant pleural effusion. Aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of mitoxantrone sclerotherapy as a palliative treatment of malignant pleural effusions due to ovarian cancer.
# Methods
Sixty women with known ovarian cancer a... | # Background
Cancer accounts for 40% of all pleural effusions, especially in patients over 50 years old [CIT_REF]. Bronchogenic and breast cancer account for 75% of malignant pleural effusions, with the remaining 25% represented by a cross-section of other neoplastic diseases [CIT_REF].
Approximately two thirds of ma... | {
"pmid": "15357871",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-684X-3-4",
"article_title": "Mitoxantrone pleurodesis to palliate malignant pleural effusion secondary to ovarian cancer",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-09 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Nikolaos Barbetakis",
"Michalis Vassiliadis",
"Konstantinos Kapl... |
PMC520818 | # Background
We have previously shown that use of an EC brush device in combination with the Rovers Cervex-Brush (SurePath broom) offered no significant improvement in EC recovery. Here we determine if use of additional collection devices enhance the diagnostic utility of the SurePath Pap for gynecologic cytology.
# ... | # Background
In gynecologic cytology, sampling of both the ecto and endocervix is critical to increasing Pap test sensitivity [CIT_REF]. Controversy still exists, however, as to whether "all-in-one" broom-type devices appropriately sample the cervix. While agreement has been reached on the importance of sampling the t... | {
"pmid": "15363102",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6874-4-6",
"article_title": "Additional collection devices used in conjunction with the SurePath Liquid-Based Pap Test broom device do not enhance diagnostic utility",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Sarah J Day",
"Darla L ... |
PMC520819 | # Background
Practice management education continues to evolve, and little information exists regarding its curriculum design and effectiveness for resident education. We report the results of an exploratory study of a practice management curriculum for primary care residents.
# Methods
After performing a needs asse... | # Background
Practice management education for residents has traditionally included training physicians in management issues related to the practice environment, including fiscal management, leadership skills, business and management skills, and managed care concepts [CIT_REF]. Managed care concepts include ethics, co... | {
"pmid": "15380023",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6920-4-15",
"article_title": "A preliminary report of an educational intervention in practice management",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Gerald E Crites",
"Richard J Schuster"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
... |
PMC520820 | # Background
The 156 breeds of dog recognized by the American Kennel Club offer a unique opportunity to map genes important in genetic variation. Each breed features a defining constellation of morphological and behavioral traits, often generated by deliberate crossing of closely related individuals, leading to a high... | # Background
Three major advances in the development of resources for mapping canine disease genes have been: 1) the development of a radiation hybrid (RH) map composed of large numbers of microsatellite markers and genes that link the canine and human genomes [CIT_REF], 2) the development of canine specific whole chr... | {
"pmid": "15363096",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2164-5-65",
"article_title": "An integrated 4249 marker FISH/RH map of the canine genome",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Matthew Breen",
"Christophe Hitte",
"Travis D Lorentzen",
"Rachael Thomas",
"Edouard Cad... |
PMC520821 | This study was performed to investigate stress effects on the synthesis of egg yolk precursor, vitellogenin (Vtg) in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). In particular the effect of cortisol (F) was determined since this stress hormone has been suggested to interfere with vitellogenesis and is upregulated during sexual ma... | # Introduction
The major proteinaceous egg yolk precursor vitellogenin (Vtg) is a large complex lipoglycophosphoprotein produced under estrogenic control in the liver of sexually maturing female oviparous animals. The estrogenic control of Vtg is mediated by binding of the most potent estrogen, 17-β-estradiol (E2), to... | {
"pmid": "15345061",
"doi": "10.1186/1477-7827-2-62",
"article_title": "17beta-estradiol induced vitellogenesis is inhibited by cortisol at the post-transcriptional level in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-02 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hakan Berg",
"Carina Mod... |
PMC520822 | # Background
Hyperoxic exposures are often found in clinical settings of respiratory insufficient patients, although oxygen therapy (>50% O_{2}) can result in the development of acute hyperoxic lung injury within a few days. Upon hyperoxic exposure, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is activated by a variety ... | # Background
Supplemental oxygen therapy is administered for the treatment of tissue hypoxia, most commonly in an intensive care setting of respiratory insufficient patients, though its potent toxicity is well described [CIT_REF]. The pathophysiology of oxygen injury is characterized by lung inflammation including act... | {
"pmid": "15377396",
"doi": "10.1186/1465-9921-5-11",
"article_title": "Proinflammatory role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in acute hyperoxic lung injury",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-09-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Anne-Karin Hesse",
"Martina Dörger",
"Christian Kupatt",
"Fritz ... |
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